Arie Vardi is a professor at the Hochschule fur Musik in Hanover and at the Buchmann-Mehta School of Music, Tel Aviv University. Over 40 of his students have won first prizes at international competitions. He has created and presented more than 300 television programs, including the "Master Class" series and "Intermezzo with Arik". In 2004 he was granted the Ministry of Education Lifetime Achievement Award and this year, 2017, he will receive the prestigious Israel Prize for Music.
Born in Israel, Vardi gave his first recital in Tel Aviv at the age of 15.
He studied at the Tel Aviv Rubin Academy of Music with Neima Rosh and Olina Vincze-Kraus and at the same time completed a law degree at Tel Aviv University. Later he studied piano, composition and conducting with Boulez and Stockhausen. In 1960 he won the Chopin Competition in Israel and made his first appearance with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. A year later he won the Enescu Competition in Romania.
Since then he has appeared with all the Israeli orchestras, in recitals and chamber music concerts. He has toured Europe, North and South America, Africa, The Far East and Australia, playing under the baton of conductors such as Paul Paray, Zubin Mehta, Kurt Masur, David Zinman, Semyon Bychkov and others.
Hui-Qiao Bao is a well-known Chinese pianist and since 2007 she has been Chairman of the China International Piano Competition.
She served as adjudicator in many piano competitions in China as well as international competitions, including the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Israel (1989), Jaen International Piano Competition in Spain (2007), UNISA International Piano Competition in South Africa (2008), Taipei International Chopin Competition (2008), Tbilisi International Piano Competition (2009), Seoul International Music Competition (2011), Leeds International Piano Competition (2012) and the Isangyun Competition in South Korea (2013).
As a piano teacher, many of her students have won prizes in national and international piano competitions.
Bao was the soloist at the China Symphony Orchestra from 1970 until retirement. She completed undergraduate and Master's degrees at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing and the Leningrad Conservatory of Music. During her university studies, she won numerous prizes both nationally and internationally, including the 1st Prize in Performance of Chinese Works Competition in 1960, 5th Prize in the Second George Enescu International Piano Competition in 1961, 1st Prize in the National Selective Competition of China in 1964 and a Chopin Competition in 1965, Best Performance Prize in the Fourth National Competition for Music Compositions in 1985 and "The Golden CD prize" issued by the China Recording Company in 1992. As a pianist, she has performed frequently all over China, Japan, Singapore, Europe, South America, Chile, Turkey and more.
Josef Bardanashvili is one of the most prominent Israeli composers. He is a diverse composer, whose works include music for Operas, Ballets, Symphonies, Concertos, String Quartets, Quintets, Piano Trios, Piano Sonatas, Choir Music, music for 35 films and 45 theater productions.
Born in 1948 in Batumi, Georgia, he studied at the Music Academy in Tbilisi under Aleksandr Shaverzashvili, where he graduated with a doctorate in composition in 1976.
He was Director of the Music College in Batumi (1986-1991), and Culture Vice-Minister in Adjaria (1993-1994), and in this capacity organized numerous international music festivals. He settled in Israel in 1995.
Bardanashvili served as composer-in-residence of the Raanana Symphonette Orchestra in Israel from 1996-99 and Musical Director of the International Bienniale for Contemporary Music "Tempus Fugit" in Israel (2002, 2004,2006) and currently is a composer-in-residence the Israel Camerata Jerusalem. He taught at Camera Obscura College in 1998-99 and at Bar Ilan University. Currently he is a faculty member of the Academy of Music at the Tel-Aviv University and the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance.
He is frequently invited to serve as a jury member at different musical competitions, as well as to give master classes and lectures at musical academies and schools.
Michel Béroff has established a reputation as one of the premier interpreters of French avant-garde composer Olivier Messiaen and is also known for outstanding performances of composers such as Beethoven, Brahms, Bartók,Prokofiev, Mozart, Debussy, Mussorgsky, Stravinsky, Schumann and Schubert.
He started his studies at the conservatory in Nancy and later switched to the larger CNSM in Paris where he immediately stood out as one of the top pianists.
In 1966 he won the first prize in the Olivier Messiaen International Piano Competition. Since then his career has taken him all over the world. He has performed as soloist under the baton of conductors such as Daniel Barenboim, Leonard Bernstein, Pierre Boulez, Seiji Ozawa, Andre Previn, Kurt Masur and others. He collaborates with many other performers in the context of recitals or chamber music, including Pierre Amoyal, Jean-Philippe Collard, Augustin Dumay, Barbara Hendricks, and Lynn Harrell. His interest in conducting led him to another career as an orchestra conductor, which continues to be overshadowed by his busy schedule as a pianist. He has however established himself as an educator in the conducting field.
The Béroff discography is impressive. His EMI output includes the complete works for piano and orchestra by Prokofiev, Stravinsky, and Liszt, as well as other works by Messiaen, Schumann,Brahms, and Debussy.
Peter Donohoe is vice-president of the Birmingham Conservatoire and has been awarded Honorary Doctorates of Music from the Universities of Birmingham, Central England, Warwick, East Anglia, Leicester and The Open University.
He was born in Manchester, England and educated at Chetham's School of Music, where he studied violin, viola, clarinet and tuba. At the age of 14 he was accepted by professor Derek Wyndham as his youngest student at the Royal Manchester College of Music. During his final year as an undergraduate he decided to put all his energies into the piano.
In the years since his unprecedented success as Silver Medal winner of the 1982 International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow, Peter Donohoe has built an extraordinary world-wide career, encompassing a huge repertoire and over forty years' experience as a pianist, as well as continually exploring many other avenues in music-making. He is acclaimed as one of the foremost pianists of our time, for his musicianship, stylistic versatility and commanding technique.
Peter Donohoe was awarded a C.B.E. (an honorary degree of the British Empire) for services to music in the 2010 New Year's Honors List.
Born in Canada, Janina Fialkowska began her piano studies with her mother, continuing on in her native Montreal with Yvonne Hubert. In Paris she studied with Yvonne Lefébure and at the Juilliard School with Sascha Gorodnitzki, experiencing the best of both French and Russian piano traditions. Her career was launched in 1974, when the legendary Arthur Rubinstein became her mentor after her prize-winning performance at the inaugural Piano Master Competition in his name.
Since then she has performed with the foremost orchestras worldwide under the baton of such conductors as Zubin Mehta, Bernard Haitink, Lorin Maazel, Sir Georg Solti, Sir Roger Norrington and Yannick Nézet-Séguin, to name one of the younger generation.
She has won special recognition for a series of important premieres, notably Liszt's newly discovered Third Piano Concerto with the Chicago Symphony and several contemporary piano concertos. Ms Fialkowska's discography includes many award-winning discs, e.g. the BBC Music Magazine's 2013 "Instrumental CD of the Year" award.
Her native Canada has bestowed upon her their highest honors: "Officer of the Order of Canada", the "Governor General's 2012 Lifetime Achievement Award in Classical Music", as well as three honorary doctorates.
She passes on her wide musical experience in master classes and at her annual "International Piano Academy" in Bavaria, where she now resides and makes frequent appearances as a juror of the world's most prestigious piano competitions.
Ian Hobson has earned an international reputation as a pianist, conductor, and educator.
Born in Wolverhampton, England, Hobson studied music at the Royal Academy of Music, Cambridge University in England and at Yale University in the United States. His international career was launched in 1981 when he won First Prize at the Leeds International Piano Competition, having already garnered silver medals at both the Artur Rubinstein Poland and Vienna-Beethoven competitions. His teachers have included Sidney Harrison, Ward Davenny, Claude Frank, and Menahem Pressler.
His repertoire spans the centuries and demands an extraordinary command of styles and scholarly vision, in addition to great keyboard prowess. His recordings and recital performances encompass a cross section of works from mammoth to miniature, from pre-classic music to contemporary music.
Ian Hobson played with major orchestras and is increasingly in demand as a conductor, particularly for performances in which he doubles as piano soloist. Thus he performed with major orchestras as well as his own Sinfonia da Camera – a chamber orchestra he formed in 1984 which quickly gained international recognition through its recordings.
Hobson has served as adjudicator of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, the Artur Rubinstein Competition in Poland, Chopin Competition in Florida and the International Pianoforte Competition Cologne in Germany.
Mr. Hobson has made many recordings for his own Zephyr Records company and other labels.
Recognized by the French and German governments with the highest honors, Menahem Pressler is considered one of the great pianists of our time. A founding member and the pianist of the Beaux Arts Trio for all of its 51 years, he is one of the world's most distinguished and honored musicians, with a career that spans nearly seven decades. He made his American debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra the New York, Washington, Cleveland, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and London Symphony Orchestras followed. Since then, Pressler has performed around the world in all of the world's major music venues. Both an outstanding solo and chamber performer, Mr. Pressler has collaborated with the Juilliard, Emerson, Ebène, Pacifica, American, Guarneri, and Cleveland Quartets. His acclaimed New Year's Eve 2014 performance with the Berlin Philharmonic under Rattle was televised worldwide and is now available on DVD, with a profile documentary. His last recording – 3 Mozart's sonatas – for the French label La dolce Volta is highly praised by the press.
Eliso Virsaladze is recognized as an exceptional teacher whose students have won recognition at renowned competitions. Moscow conservatory and Munich Musikhochschule have made Elisso Virsaladze a regular professor and there is hardly any important international competition where she has not been invited to take part in the jury.
She grew up in Tbilisi, Georgia. She received her first piano lessons from her grandmother, Professor Anastasia Virsaladze. She graduated from the Tbilisi State Conservatory, and continued her education as a postgraduate student at the Moscow Conservatory. She continued her studies with Heinrich Neuhaus and Yakov Zak.
In 1962 Virsaladze won third prize at the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow and four years later the first prize at the Schumann International Competition in Zwickau, Germany. She has been described as one of the great contemporary interpreters of Schumann. At the same time, she is well known for her wide repertoire up to and including modern Russian composers.
She built her concert career with regular tours across Europe, the U.S.A., South America, Japan, and Australia. She also appeared regularly in chamber music performances, collaborating with Natalia Gutman. Virsaladze also made frequent appearances at music festivals, including at the Moscow-based December Nights Festival, organized by Sviatoslav Richter.
Ramzi Yassa is at present Pianoforte Professor at the Ecole Normale de Musique "Alfred Cortot" in Paris and Artistic Director of the International Music Centre, Manasterly Palace in Cairo.
Having established himself as the leading pianist of his native country since early childhood in Cairo, Yassa furthered his piano studies at the National Conservatoire, perfecting them at the Tchaikovsky Conservatoire in Moscow.
He has been awarded numerous prizes and has contributed to the panel of judges at international piano competitions in Europe, the Middle East and the U.S.A.
For several years he conducted Masterclasses in Paris with Professor Mikowsky of the Manhattan School of Music.
Although Yassa has resided in Paris with his family since 1976, he has always maintained strong ties with his homeland where he performs regularly. In 2007, he was awarded the Egyptian State Merit Prize.
He has performed in the world's major concert halls, in association with top conductors such as Vladimir Ashkenazy, Yehudi Menuhin, Charles Groves, Zubin Mehta, Alexander Sladkovsky and Horst Stein, together with leading orchestras.
Yassa has recorded extensively, including Beethoven's five Piano Concertos and the Choral Fantasy with the Cairo Symphony Orchestra conducted by Ahmed El Saedi, a pioneering effort and important contribution, the first by Arab soloist, conductor and orchestra.
Since 2015, he is the Artistic Director of the Dinard Festival in France.
Dina Yoffe, originally from Riga (Latvia), graduated from the Tchaikovsky Conservatory of Music in Moscow, under the tutelage of Professor Vera Gornostayeva, one of the most important proponents of the legendary Heinrich Neuhaus school.
Among the high points of her international career are concerts with outstanding orchestras, such as the Israel Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta, NHK under Neville Marriner, the Moscow Philharmonic under Valery Gergiev and Dmitri Kitayenko, Tokyo Metropolitan Orchestra under James De Priest, "Kremerata Baltica" under Gidon Kremer, "Moscow Soloist" under Yuri Bashmet and Orchestra Sinfonia Varsovia under Jerzy Kaspszyk.
Currently, Yoffe is Professor at the Talent Music Academy in Italy, Brescia. She is former Professor at the Rubin Academy of Music in Tel-Aviv University and Visiting Professor at Aichi University of Arts, Japan. She is regularly invited to serve as a jury member of acclaimed international piano competitions such as Cleveland (USA), Hamamatsu (Japan), PTNA Piano Competitions (Japan), Chopin Competition (Warsaw), Liszt (Germany), Maria Canals (Spain).
Her students are winners of national and international piano competitions. Many of them are teaching in Music Academies in the USA, Japan and Europe.


B. SuperMVNO is provided with all the facilities for operational and management control by Ecocarrier as the SuperMVNE in a truly comprehensive managed service mode of operation; the SuperMVNE is an enabler of the services and is responsible for the provision of services in all aspects including carrier relations, soft-switching, call termination, network operation and billing, web servers, web applications that cater to the needs of the SuperMVNO in operation support services for dealing with sub-Resellers, Sales Agents and/or the end users.
C. SuperMVNO needs only be concerned with marketing and selling the managed services for voice data and text (SMS) telecommunications.
data and voice telecommunications through WiFi connections or Personal WiFi Hotzone (PiFiZone) created with PiFi through 3G (HSPA+) roaming mobile data service connection to the Internet without compromising on service quality and reliability and user convenience and experience.
the support of well-established and good working relationships with wholesale carrier service providers who may be Telcos (telephone companies), MNOs (Mobile Network Operators and other service providers including those that can provide high quality direct-routes call terminations service.
(2) 3G/3.5G Mobile Roaming Broadband On Demand Service provision as WiFi Hotzone service through the use of PiFi and PiFiSIM/PiFiData www.pifizone.com It offers a mobile roaming user great savings in high-speed data service for connection to the Internet as per use service without contract.
(4)	A Direct Mobile Hotline Service with monthly subscription that caters to diaspora of various ethnicities and nationalities for them to provide a convenient, caring, effective means of connection and communication with their loved-ones and friends in old countries.
(7)	Wholesale Carrier Service with excellent call cost rates for voice data and text communication.
PiFi Proposition for 3G-WiFi-Router-based data service connection to Internet anywhere in a GSM network; when PiFi is used with PiFiSIM the user gets to enjoy the lowest-cost data service for access to the Internet when mobile roaming; when PiFi+PiFiSIM is used in combination with PiFiDialer, the user gets to enjoy the ultimate lowest cost way of making a voice call while mobile roaming.
PiFi ™ is an intelligent way to meet your need as a user of a mobile communication device for effective, convenient and low-cost affordable high-speed data service for access to the Internet whenever you need/want to and wherever you may be in a 3G mobile network. International Data Anywhere You Go!


text:
Inovalon CEO Keith Dunleavy, M.D. Named Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year 2015 in Maryland
June 26, 2015 at 07:55 AM EDT
BOWIE, Md., June 26, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Inovalon (Nasdaq:INOV), a leading technology company providing advanced, cloud-based analytics and data-driven intervention platforms to the healthcare industry, announced that its founder and CEO, Keith Dunleavy, M.D., has been named the Ernst and Young (E&Y) Entrepreneur Of The Year 2015 in Maryland.
Ernst and Young's national and regional awards program recognizes outstanding entrepreneurs who demonstrate excellence and extraordinary success in areas such as innovation, financial performance and personal commitment to their businesses and communities. An independent panel of judges selected Dr. Dunleavy. He received the award at the E&Y Gala at the Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel on June 25, 2015.
"I am deeply honored to receive such a prestigious award," said Keith Dunleavy, MD, chief executive officer and chairman of Inovalon. "Personally, it has been an incredible experience to build something so meaningful and lasting while doing work about which I am so passionate. The capabilities that we are proud to bring into existence are truly the result of a great number of peoples' talents and dedication. No one person deserves the credit for the contributions of so many. As a company, we are all truly gratified to play an integral role in transforming the healthcare industry to be more data-driven and patient-centric, while enabling better healthcare for millions of Americans every day."
Since founding the origins of Inovalon, Dr. Dunleavy's vision and commitment to driving change in healthcare has been steadfast. Today, as the healthcare landscape transitions from a paradigm of volume and consumption to one of quality and value, the highly differentiated ability of Inovalon to aggregate data, apply advanced cloud-based analytics, and drive meaningful impact and improvement in quality and financial performance has become a critical value to all aspects of the healthcare ecosystem. Working with 17 of the nation's 25 largest healthcare organizations, Inovalon provides data-driven insights to more than 100 of the nation's healthcare systems, touching 98.2 percent of all counties within the U.S. To build upon this success and extend its vision more broadly, Inovalon went public on February 12, 2015, in what was one of the largest and most successful technology IPOs of the year.
Inovalon is a leading technology company that combines advanced, cloud-based data analytics and data-driven intervention platforms to achieve meaningful insight and impact in clinical and quality outcomes, utilization, and financial performance across the healthcare landscape. Inovalon's unique achievement of value is delivered through the effective progression of Turning Data into Insight, and Insight into Action®. Large proprietary datasets, advanced integration technologies, sophisticated predictive analytics, data-driven intervention platforms, and deep subject matter expertise deliver a seamless, end-to-end capability that brings the benefits of big data and large-scale analytics to the point of care. Driven by data, Inovalon uniquely identifies gaps in care, quality, data integrity, and financial performance – while bringing to bear the unique capabilities to resolve them. Providing technology that supports hundreds of healthcare organizations in 98.2% of U.S. counties and Puerto Rico, Inovalon's cloud-based analytical and data-driven intervention platforms are informed by data pertaining to more than 763,000 physicians, 257,000 clinical facilities, and more than 121 million Americans providing a powerful solution suite that drives high-value impact, improving quality and economics for health plans, ACOs, hospitals, physicians, consumers and pharma/life-sciences researchers. For more information, visit www.inovalon.com.
About EY Entrepreneur Of The Year™
EY Entrepreneur Of The Year is the world's most prestigious business award for entrepreneurs. The unique award makes a difference through the way it encourages entrepreneurial activity among those with potential and recognizes the contribution of people who inspire others with their vision, leadership and achievement. As the first and only truly global award of its kind, Entrepreneur Of The Year celebrates those who are building and leading successful, growing and dynamic businesses, recognizing them through regional, national and global awards programs in more than 145 cities in more than 60 countries.
Greenough, on behalf of Inovalon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wyntervale Lowchen are anticipating puppies early 2019 if you are interested in joining the Wyntervale family, please send an enquiry via the Contact Us page and we will keep you updated.
We may, from time to time, have an older dog available as a pet or on breeders terms. We would be more than happy to discuss these options with you.
If you are interested in either a pet or a show prospect, enquiries are welcome via the 'contact us' page. I would be delighted to share this journey with you.
Wyntervale puppies are raised in the home to be healthy, happy, loving and friendly companions who are competitive in the show ring. We aim to breed playmates for you and your family to enjoy for many years.
Wyntervale puppies come with a lifetime return policy whereby you may return your puppy/dog at any time in the dogs life (please note: the purchase price is not refunded for lifetime returns).
We do not export pet only puppies, however if you would like to inquire from overseas about a show or sporting puppy, please do so via the 'contact us' page.
Please note that all pet puppies will be sold with a desexing contract, to be desexed between 9 and 12 months of age to allow adequate maturity prior to desexing.
What do you get with a Wyntervale Lowchen?
Wyntervale breeding dogs are health tested.
Wyntervale dogs compete in conformation shows and other dog sports (time permitting).
Wyntervale puppies are house raised.
Wyntervale puppies will have age appropriate vaccinations.
Wyntervale puppies will be microchipped at an appropriate age.
Wyntervale puppies will receive regular worming.
Wyntervale puppies will be socialised to a variety of stimuli, including clipping and grooming.
Wyntervale puppies will have basic training appropriate for their age.
You will receive a comprehensive puppy pack with lots of information.
You will receive lifetime support for your puppy/dog.
You will receive a loving, happy pet.
You will be part of a community of puppy buyers who have been where you are, with whom you can share your joy and ask questions and share experiences.


text:
Q: .htaccess redirect loop after website rebuild I have rebuilt a website with new page paths and a file/directory structure that reflects the paths.  The new website is php based so all the page filenames are appended with ".php", but I am hiding the .php extension from the public paths.
The old website had a homepage for Spanish speakers at www.somedomain.com/es.  The new website has a homepage for Spanish speakers at www.somedomain.com/es/inicio.php.  The inicio.php file is now within a directory called '/es'.
My .htaccess reads :
Redirect 301 /es/node/64 http://www.somedomain.com/es/vacaciones-y-actividades/actividades-locales

Redirect 301 /es http://www.somedomain.com/es/inicio

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule (.*) $1.php [L]

The page requests are successfully rewritten with .php appended as intended.  Redirections like the first one work fine.  However navigating to http://www.somedomain.com/es causes a redirect loop.
Why ?

A: navigating to http://www.somedomain.com/es causes a Redirect loop error for you because  your Redirect pattern /es also matches the destination path /es/inicio .  You need to fix it so that your pattern doesn't match the destination path.  use RedirectMatch and  regex pattern to fix this.
RedirectMatch 301 ^/es/?$ http://example.com/es/initio

clear your browser cache or use a diffrent browser to test this if the problem persists.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Gemini Acquires BITRIA, Unlocking the Digital Asset Ecosystem for Wealth and Asset Managers
Integration Creates First Full-Service Digital Asset Custodian for Advisors
NEW YORK, Jan. 13, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Gemini announced today the acquisition of BITRIA, formerly Blockchange Inc., a digital asset portfolio management platform with a rich feature set designed for wealth and asset managers. The integration of BITRIA's technology with Gemini's custody and exchange capabilities provides advisors with access to the entire crypto ecosystem and the ability to manage their clients' portfolios from one interface.
Gemini Logo (PRNewsfoto/Gemini)
BITRIA's Digital Asset Separately Managed Account (SMA) and Digital Turnkey Asset Management Platform (DTAMP) will be fully integrated into Gemini's platform. In addition to access to the more than 70 cryptocurrencies available on Gemini's exchange, this integration will provide wealth managers with features including:
"The BITRIA acquisition positions Gemini as the first end-to-end technology platform empowering wealth and asset managers to meet rising demand among their clients for accessing and managing a full range of crypto investments," said Dave Abner, global head of business development at Gemini. "Many advisors currently have limited access to just one or two tokens through closed-end funds and spot crypto ETFs in jurisdictions where they are available. Today we are unlocking access to the full digital asset ecosystem for the wealth management community."
In June 2021, a Financial Planning Association and Journal of Financial Planning survey found that 49% of advisors said clients have asked about cryptocurrencies in the past six months, up from 17% in 2020. With $20 trillion in AUM within advised accounts in the U.S., this rising demand represents a potential transfer of billions in wealth into digital assets in the coming years.
"The future of wealth management lies in digital assets and blockchain technology and the integration of BITRIA's technology with Gemini provides a bridge to that future. Gemini's leading crypto-native custodian capabilities provide an incredible platform for our existing and future customers to innovate at the speed of the crypto ecosystem," said Daniel Eyre, Co-Founder and CEO, BITRIA.
BITRIA was founded in 2017 by Daniel Eyre, Caroline Eyre and Daniel Rothrock. Gemini and BITRIA initially announced a partnership in August 2020 and current customers of Gemini and BITRIA will be integrated seamlessly into Gemini's platform. BITRIA's team will join Gemini, strengthening the crypto platform's ability to empower advisors and their clients through crypto.
To get started managing your clients' assets with Gemini and BITRIA, learn more here.
About Gemini
Gemini is a platform that allows customers to buy, sell, store, and earn cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, ether, and DeFi tokens. Gemini's simple, reliable, and secure products are built to empower the individual. Gemini was founded in 2014 by twin brothers Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss.
Natalie Rix
Principal, Institutional Communications
natalie.rix@gemini.com
View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gemini-acquires-bitria-unlocking-the-digital-asset-ecosystem-for-wealth-and-asset-managers-301460043.html
SOURCE Gemini
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text:
Chapter 13 Translation in literary magazines
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/51769/1/9781003221678_10.4324_9781003221678-16.pdf
Roig Sanz, Diana
Fólica, Laura
Ikoff, Ventsislav
Translation history and literary translation, on the one hand, and periodical publications, on the other, have been extensively analysed within the fields of translation studies, comparative literature, and media studies, with numerous conferences and publications taking literary translation and the periodical as objects of enquiry. However, the relationship between both fields still remains underexplored and nationalistic approaches and disciplinary boundaries have precluded the development of further conceptual and methodological insights regarding literary translation and the media. This chapter highlights the innovative theoretical and methodological issues intrinsic to analysing literary translation in periodical publications at both small and large scales, whether using or not digital tools, and sheds light on its qualitative implications for research. To do so, we briefly present a case study related to the Spanish-speaking world's literary journals at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media
Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media, Translation and social media, Translation and Journalism, Video game localization, translated news, Multimodality and translation, News Translation, Multimodality and translation,Media and translation,Esperança Bielsa, audiovisual translation
10.4324/ 9781003221678-16
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/
Language: reference & general


text:
Fewer fireworks in the Los Angeles skies
Pre-July 4 calls about illegal pyrotechnic displays come down from pandemic highs
By Carter Hyde
The Fourth of July weekend is upon us, which means two things in Los Angeles: a collection of spectacular pyrotechnic displays on Independence Day, and in the preceding weeks, a seemingly endless pop-bang cascade of people igniting fireworks in streets, front yards, parks and other spaces.
This has long been part of the Los Angeles landscape, but after the onset of the pandemic in 2020, things, well, skyrocketed. The sound of fireworks echoed across the city virtually every night in June. The Los Angeles Police Department that year fielded more calls about fireworks than ever before.
With most people having eased off COVID-19 protocols, large crowds may be back for the big July 4 shows. But as many Angelenos can attest, homemade fireworks blasts this year are way down.
From June 1-21 (the most recent day for which data is available), the LAPD fielded 269 reports of fireworks. Although that number will certainly rise (there can be a lag time in reports, and calls increase as July 4 approaches), it represents an 84.4% decline from the 1,727 calls in the same time period in 2020.
During the equivalent timeframe last year, there were 667 complaints of fireworks.
June 2020 brought the highest monthly total ever for fireworks reports in the city, with 4,055. That was part of a record-breaking year, with 9,873 calls. Historically, there is usually also a small spike in calls in the days on and around Jan. 1.
So far in 2022 there have been 553 LAPD reports of fireworks.
During the Tuesday meeting of the Los Angeles Police Commission, Police Chief Michel Moore stated an oft-overlooked fact: Outside of licensed major shows, lighting fireworks is illegal in the city. He said that as July 4 approaches, the LAPD will aim to prevent home pyrotechnics displays.
"We continue to work with our communities on tips of people who are storing or using illegal fireworks," said Moore. "Our bomb squad has made numerous investigations and recovered caches of fireworks that are being sold."
Naturally, calls peak around Independence Day. During the 2020 holiday weekend, the LAPD recorded 2,522 fireworks reports. The weekend last year brought 2,144 complaints.
Lost fingers, scared pets
Fireworks calls come in from across the city. The LAPD's Harbor Station has fielded the most calls this year, with 59; the station patrols communities including San Pedro and Wilmington. Another 49 calls have come into the Hollenbeck station, which serves territories including Boyle Heights, Lincoln Heights and Montecito Heights.
[Get COVID-19, crime and other stats about where you like with the Crosstown Neighborhood Newsletter]
Moore is among the local leaders who warn of the dangers that can come with home fireworks displays; during the Tuesday Police Commission meeting he mentioned palm trees that catch fire. Commissioner Steve Soboroff spoke about people who have lost fingers or suffered eye injuries from pyrotechnics that malfunctioned or shot off in unexpected directions.
The dangers were also a topic recently for City Attorney Mike Feuer. On June 16, he said that platforms including Meta have responded to requests from his office to take down posts of people selling illegal fireworks in Los Angeles. He warned of what could happen amid an ongoing drought.
"The risk of devastating, quickly spreading fires sparked by fireworks is severe this year, not to mention the ever-present threat of serious, life-altering injuries," Feuer stated. "And they terrify our pets, too."
Moore said the LAPD has stepped up prevention efforts in neighborhoods where there were numerous fireworks calls last year.
The city also has a proactive method to get fireworks off the street. This Saturday, District 7 Councilmember Monica Rodriguez will host an anonymous fireworks buyback event in Mission Hills. People who turn in their pyrotechnics can receive gift cards. The LAPD and LAFD are partnering on the event.
Los Angeles County residents can use the MySafe: LA Fireworks portal to report illegal firework use.
How we did it: We examined data from the LAPD on service calls involving fireworks from Jan. 1, 2018–June 21, 2022. Service calls are a record of police activity that is initiated either from calls coming into 911 and other numbers, or situations officers respond to while on patrol.
Interested in our data or have additional questions? Email us at askus@xtown.la.


One of my favourite statues is the complex of Aphrodite, Pan and Eros. What sets this statue apart from most of the other Ancient Greek masterpieces is that it tells a funny little story. In this composition Aphrodite is trying to repel the sexual advances of Pan. Aphrodite, in a rather relaxed and playfull manner, is threatening to hit Pan with her sandal, while Eros is trying to help her. It never fails to put a smile on my face.
You can see it at the National Archeological Museum in Athens.
εναλλακτικος τιτλος για το αγαλμα: "φυγε γιατι θα σου φερω τη παντοφλα στο κεφαλι"


One of the first recipes I ever blogged about was a red velvet cake back in November 2016. Back then I did not have sufficient red food coloring, so my cake was brown. Now, several months later, I felt it was the right time to give it another go, especially considering how cream cheese frosting is not common in Azerbaijan and we had a small family gathering on Friday. Thus, here is my updated post about my second attempt at this beautiful cake from Joy of Baking! The cream cheese frosting is from YouTube baker, Bake Like a Pro.
That sure looks like a lot of ingredients, right? I would not call this a cake for complete beginners, but it is definitely worth the challenge. I personally made my cakes at night, so that they would have plenty of time to cool and set, as suggested by the recipe creator. In total, it took me approximately 50 minutes from start to finish for the cakes and 30 minutes for the frosting and decorating.
Pre-heat your oven to 175 degrees Celsius and prepare two 23 cm. cake pans by lining them with parchment paper.
Sift your flour, salt, and cocoa in one bowl.
In a separate large bowl beat your butter with an electric mixer until it is soft.
Add in your sugar and beat for approximately 2-3 minutes.
Mix in your eggs, one by one.
Combine the red food coloring with your milk in a bowl/cup.
Alternate between your flour mixture and red milk; keep scraping the sides with a spatula to make sure everything is well-mixed.
Drop a teaspoon of white vinegar on your soda and let it fizz before you add it to the batter with a spatula (don't use a mixer for this step).
Quickly and evenly divide your batter into the two cake pans and bake for approximately 25-30 minutes; my cake on the top layer baked a bit quicker, so after 20 minutes I switched the cakes and removed the ready one at 25 minutes, keeping the other one in for another 5-10 minutes.
Allow your cakes to cool in the pans for 10 minutes before you remove them and then wait for them to completely cool. You can wrap them in plastic wrap once fully cooled and keep in the fridge for a few hours/overnight or simply keep them out overnight covered in kitchen towels, provided it won't get hot in the room (as I did).
Now switch to your frosting; beat your butter and cream cheese, then finish by adding your vanilla and sugar.
You can cut your cakes in half if you want four layers, but I kept mine whole. I did, however, even out the bottom layer with a knife, as this would be used for crumbs.
Place one layer on your serving plate, cover with frosting, and keep repeating with the other layers.
Use what you had removed when evening out your cake in order to crumble and decorate the cake.
In general, this is a time-consuming cake, so make sure to start overnight. However, the taste and look of the cake is definitely worth all this time and effort! The cake in itself has a light chocolate flavor and contrasts very nicely with the sweet, creamy frosting. My family was in awe of the appearance and really enjoyed the taste, so I can confidently recommend this recipe.


Work has gotten a little boring. When this happens I've no option but to crawl into a daydream. Sometimes I drag friends along via email. This is what happened today.
Riding the fence line again today. I'm out in Wyoming, near the Tetons, and of course it's early summer. My horse, Chisholm, is a beautiful Pinto. He is a solid, yet gentle animal. Earlier, as I attached the post, Chisholm playfully nudged me. He nibbled at the pocket of my jacket knowing that there was a carrot tucked inside. It's beautiful out here on the range. The sun beating on my back, a gentle breeze coming off the mountains. Chisholm and I are going to rest near the creek down a ways. Good place for a nap.
I could visualize everything about this…even you giggling as he playfully nudged you!
Of course I laughed, then rubbed his muzzle as he crunched the carrot. Chisholm is an awesome companion.
Please continue……I am so right there.
Found a calf stuck in the scrub bushes on the way to the creek. It's one of ours. Can't see its mother anywhere and don't see any crows overhead so she must be out there somewhere.
NO! Not Norman…..no, no, no…..you city folks and your talkin' pictures….it's a plain old calf. No name, no number…yet. But it will get a number…. a number, not a name. You don't name something you're going to eat….unless it's Ribeye.
I watched the herd for a bit and didn't see anything amiss so headed back toward the creek. No wayward calf would deter Chisholm and I to take some time for ourselves.
*note: friends who were dragged along via email. I did do some editing when I realized some geography was off. A writer should always edit.


"It's crazy. I don't know what else to say. It's horrible."
DOVER, N.Y. (AP) — What started out as a joyful reunion of a young woman with her birth parents soon turned sour, then shocking, and finally deadly.
''I was always on eggshells, whatever his mood was, everybody knew, and that mood was often not happy, a lot of yelling, a lot of things smashed in the house, in front of our kids,'' she said.
''I can't even believe this is happening,'' Steven's mother told authorities, according to a 911 call transcript from which her name was redacted. Her son, she said, was upset because Katie, by then just 20, had broken up with him.


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Of course! I encourage all my clients to meet with me first to make sure we are the perfect match. Photographing a wedding is a very personal service it is very important that we get a long as I will be spending the majority of the day with you and your bridal party.
We are afraid we will be awkward in front of the camera will you help us with posing?
Don't worry! My approach to your day is to capture relaxed candid memories for you both. Yes I provide pointers for you both to help ease you into your creative photos but my aim is to capture the connection between you both and the love you have for each other. I promise you will both enjoy your photos!
I have been photographing weddings for 5 years and still loving every moment of my dream job.
Yes, I am a firm believer that love is love no matter of ones gender. I hope that one day very soon Australia will have marriage equality.
Yes I am. Lucinda May Photography is an Accredited Professional Photographer with the Australian Institute of Professional Photography (AIPP).
What area's do you service in South Australia?
All! I service Adelaide metro, Barossa, Fleurieu Peninsula, McLaren Vale and the Adelaide Hills region to name a few.
We are planning our wedding interstate or overseas, would you be willing to travel?
I would love to! We can get together for coffee or Skype and go over the details such as where and when and we will see what I can do for you. There will be extra cost for flights, accommodation and car hire but we can work together to try and keep these costs to a minimum.
How long will it take for us to receive our wedding images?
I take a lot of care in editing your images because of this the maximum time is 8 weeks after your wedding day but I try and get them to you as soon as I can and is usually much earlier.
To secure your date I require a 30% non refundable booking fee to be paid and the agreement signed and sent back to me. When you know for sure I am the photographer for you get in touch and I will send through all the information needed. 50% of the balance is then due 3 months before the wedding date and the remaining balance 4 weeks before the wedding.
If you would like to know more about me, my work or would like my wedding photography price list please feel free to get in touch with me.


text:
Ex-Parole Officer Gets 6 Months for Accepting Bribes
By The Zendeh Del Law Firm
An ex-parole officer who worked for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice was recently sentenced to six months in federal prison for taking bribes from a parolee, according to the U.S. attorney's office.
B. Polk, 32, of Dallas, is out on bail, but has to turn herself in on Jan. 6 to serve out her sentence.
Polk accepted thousands of dollars from a parolee and his wife, identified as Person A and Person B – in order to let the parolee flee to Mexico in 2010 and to let him know if the police were on his trail.
A convicted drug dealer, Person A was directly underneath Polk's supervision, and his wife was Person B.
It all started back in August of 2007 when Polk told the parolee that she was heading to Florida to celebrate her birthday, authorities said.
The parolee initially left about $500 on Polk's desk, as an apparent "birthday" gift, but two more cash payments of at least $500 followed between August of 2007 and March of 2010, which is when the parolee fled to Mexico to avoid being caught by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
In April 2010, Polk met the parolee's wife at a Burger King near the Garland parole office and accepted $2,000, according to prosecutors. In exchange for the money, Polk agreed to lie and say that the parolee reported for parole, allowing the parolee to flee the country undetected by federal authorities.
Additionally, Polk said that she would check for any arrest warrants and notify the couple if she found any for the parolee. In June 2010, Polk accessed the FBI's National Crime Information Center and the Texas Crime Information Center, which is when she found the warrant information and promptly forwarded the results of her search to the couple.
Polk's defense lawyer sought leniency by telling the court that his client was working on a public information video that could be used to educate other public servants who may find themselves in a similar compromising situation.
Searching for a Plano criminal defense attorney? Call The Zendeh Del Law Firm to schedule a consultation with a member of our top-rated legal team.


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text:
package cz.gdgjihlava.dojo.euler2;

public class ProjectEuler2 {

	public boolean isEvenNumber(int number) {
		return number % 2 == 0;
	}

	public int countFibbonaci(int maxnumber) {
		NextFibonacci fibGen = new NextFibonacci();
		int sum = 0;
		while (fibGen.next() <= maxnumber) {
			if (isEvenNumber(fibGen.getActual())) {
				sum += fibGen.getActual();
			}
		}
		return sum;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(new ProjectEuler2().countFibbonaci(4000000));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In the summer of 2013, I wrote a small app to match Western students with on-campus clubs. After completing a quiz, students' answers were compared to the answers given by club administrators, and a list of sympatico clubs was presented back to them. It was built using the Symfony PHP framework with some InuitCSS thrown in for good measure.
It's since been retired, which is fair enough given the relatively lackadaisical approach to security patches over the years.
But, while it existed, the Involvement Compass was a success. It looked pretty good, it worked well enough, and it was a useful intro to the many campus clubs available to incoming students.


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Growing Places (GP) believes in the power of gardening to change lives and uses gardening as a platform for social change. They help low-to-moderate-income communities in North Central Massachusetts realize the many health, economic, and social benefits of growing and consuming healthy fruits and vegetables by building food gardens and teaching the skills to grow, harvest and use fresh produce.
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This position is year-round and full time. Must be available to work weekends and evenings.


text:
Back to Journals » Infection and Drug Resistance » Volume 15
Antimicrobial Resistance and Human Mobility
Authors Desai AN, Mohareb AM, Hauser N , Abbara A
Received 27 August 2021
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S305078
Editor who approved publication: Professor Suresh Antony
Angel N Desai,1,2 Amir M Mohareb,3– 6 Naomi Hauser,1 Aula Abbara7
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Global Migration Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 5Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 6Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 7Department of Infection, Imperial College, London, UK
Correspondence: Angel N Desai
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
Fax +1 251 333115250
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of increasing global concern. Human mobility is one factor that has recently been associated with AMR, though the extent of its impact has not yet been well established due to the limited availability of rigorous data. This review examines the existing literature regarding various types of human mobility including short-term travelers, forcibly displaced persons, migrant populations, and their association with global rates of AMR.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, migrant, refugee, displaced person, traveler, mobility
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem of increasing importance. In the United States, nearly 3 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year and more than 35,000 people die from their complications.1 In Europe, AMR is responsible for around 33,000 deaths per year.2 In low- and middle-income countries, the true burden and effects of AMR have been more difficult to quantify. Because severe bacterial infections comprise the most common cause of childhood mortality in resource-constrained settings, the effects of AMR may be responsible for even greater life-years lost in these settings.3
Increasing global antibiotic use and access to non-prescription antibiotics may partially explain the rising observed burden of AMR. AMR is also associated with increasing non-human uses of antibiotics, particularly for growth promotion and veterinary uses in the agricultural industry.4
Human mobility has putatively been suggested to contribute to the spread of AMR internationally. There has been a heightened awareness of this in recent years with respect to the prevalence of infection or colonization with drug-resistant organisms in people who experience short-term international travel, economic migration, and forced displacement from conflict or other disasters. However, the risks of AMR are not shared equally between these different populations. In this article, we review the evidence associated with human mobility and AMR.
We searched PubMed for English-language articles published from January 1, 2001, to July 15, 2021, by use of the MeSH terms ["microbial drug resistance" or "antimicrobial stewardship"] and ["emigrants and immigrants" or "refugees" or "transients and migrants" or "travel/ international travel"]. Relevant articles were also identified through searches in the authors' personal files and in Google Scholar. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were reviewed.
Modes and reasons for human mobility are varied and may be characterized in terms of political, economic, and social factors.5 Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism was reported to be one of the fastest growing global economic sectors.6 It is estimated that commercial air travel accounts for around 3.5 billion trips annually with 40% of these international.7 The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicts that international tourism will continue to increase and estimates that international tourist arrivals will be 1.8 billion by 2030.6 A recent study by Tuite et al noted that countries with increasing fragility scores, a measure of country resiliency and by proxy, the ability to respond to infectious disease threats, correlated to a decrease in outbound travel.7 This study also reported an increase in travel between Warning category countries that could increase the impact of communicable diseases including AMR given potential vulnerabilities and poor infrastructures affecting their ability to detect and respond to communicable disease threats.7
Another form of mobility refers to migration apart from short-term international travel. The term "migrant" encompasses a diverse group including refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced populations.8,9 These categories differ from economic migrants who leave their country of origin for employment, education, or familial reunification (Table 1). Approximately 3.5% of the world population (an estimated 272 million people) are considered international migrants with some leaving their home for economic reasons and others driven from their homes due to conflict, humanitarian disasters and, increasingly, the local effects of climate change.8 In 2019, 50.8 million people were IDPs due to conflict, violence and other disasters.9 As such, migration is influenced by social, economic, political and environmental factors both as a driver en route and in the destination country.10 It is also important to note that many individuals who are forcibly displaced may also seek economic opportunities in the course of migration.
Table 1 Categories of Human Mobility
The last several years have also seen an increase in the number of those who have been forcibly displaced from their homes, particularly from Syria, Afghanistan, and Somalia – countries facing protracted conflict and where more than 50% of current refugees originate.10 Though increasing numbers of refugees have found themselves in Europe, the main refugee-hosting countries remain in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Jordan, Lebanon, and Pakistan.10
Human Mobility and AMR
Throughout history, human and animal mobility have contributed to the spread of communicable diseases with the COVID-19 pandemic being a notable example.11 The association between increasing human mobility and antimicrobial resistance is complex. Differing modes of mobility have more recently been associated with colonization with and/or transmission of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO). International travel, and particularly short-term international travel for the purpose of tourism or business, may portend different communicable disease risks compared with migration for the purposes of resettlement. In addition, a unique group known as "VFR," or "visiting friends or relatives," may also be associated with varying levels of risk of exposures to communicable diseases and AMR.12 Assessing epidemiologic risk, countries of origin and destination, as well as integration with local populations may impact the potential for AMR transmission.
One of the most consistent associations with AMR reported in observational cohort studies relates to short-term international travelers. MDRO acquisition among short-term travelers has been recognized as a potential contributor to global AMR dissemination, particularly in the setting of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MRE). This includes extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs.)
Digestive tract colonization by MREs in travelers, particularly among those traveling from low prevalence to high prevalence settings, is an increasingly recognized epidemiological phenomenon.13–15 In one observational cohort study examining adults traveling to Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, or Asia for between 3 days to 3 months, acquisition of MRE was relatively frequent (51%), though carriage was brief (5% still carried MRE after three months).16 Notably, approximately half of the study participants acquired at least 1 MRE during travel, with higher rates of acquisition more commonly associated with travel to Asia, beta-lactam use, diarrhea, and type of travel. Most MRE isolated from stool samples over the course of the study were identified as E.coli (93.3%), and ESBL production was reported as the primary resistance mechanism (91.8%).16 Only 4.7% of travelers who were followed were still MRE carriers past 3 months after their return, suggesting a relatively limited duration of carriage.
Similarly, a large prospective, multicenter study from the Netherlands reported that of 1847 participants, 34.3% (633) with negative fecal samples obtained before travel acquired ESBL following international travel.17 Risk factors for ESBL colonization included travel to southern Asia, antibiotic use during travel, persistent traveler's diarrhea, and pre-existing chronic bowel disease.17 As previously reported, the median duration of colonization was 30 days after travel and 11.3% (65) of those with evidence of ESBL colonization after travel remained colonized at 12 months. Moreover, mathematical modeling estimated that the probability of transmitting ESBL to another household member in this sample was approximately 12%. A US-based cohort of short-term international travelers demonstrated that while duration of the trip was not associated with risk of acquisition, the highest rates of MDRO were reported in participants traveling to South Asia and Southeast Asia, concordant with other studies.18
Another small multicenter observational study also used culture-based protocols to identify CRE and mcr-mediated colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (MCRE) among 412 US travelers.19 While no travelers had evidence of CRE or MCRE in fecal samples prior to travel, 2 travelers acquired CREs and 20 acquired MCREs following travel. Notably, none of the participants in this study showed signs or symptoms associated with these bacterial pathogens on or after their return.
A recent meta-analysis investigating acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales during international travel demonstrated that travel to Southern Asia and antibiotic use during travel appear to be risk factors for acquisition while traveling.20 Of note, CRE acquisition during travel was relatively rare among pooled studies, however the authors highlight that this may be due to underreporting as most included studies did not use culture methods that specifically target CRE. In addition, consumption of high-risk food such as raw food, milk from open containers, and tap water, which is traditionally associated with traveler's diarrhea and subsequent acquisition of MRE, was not found to be a statistically significant risk factor for travelers and MRE, though recall bias may have affected these results.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is another major global threat because of its widespread prevalence and high mortality. A study of 598 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus collected across sub-Saharan Africa, including both asymptomatic colonization from community sampling and clinical isolates from health-care settings, demonstrated that 54% were resistant to trimethoprim, 19% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 5% expressed the mecA gene. That same study also analyzed Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 47 returning travelers from sub-Saharan Africa with skin and soft tissue infections, finding that 57% had infections resistant to trimethoprim and 11% resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.21 While many clinicians in high-income countries have access to alternative oral antibiotics, resource limitations in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa mean that the rise of MRSA may be accompanied with daunting challenges in preventing patient morbidity and mortality.
Multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens are also of increasing concern among returning travelers.22,23 One multicenter study examining 889 travelers presenting with enteric fever reported antibiotic susceptibility data isolated from 143 Salmonella typhi infections and 75 Salmonella paratyphi infections. 65% (87/133) of Salmonella typhi isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 50% (4/8) to ampicillin, and 8% to macrolides (4 of 50).24,25 All (2/2) Salmonella paratyphi isolates, on the other hand, were non-susceptible to ampicillin, 56% (40/72) to fluoroquinolones, and 16% (5/31) to macrolides. 71% of all travelers in this cohort reported exposure to enteric fever in South Asia.
Despite the mounting evidence that suggests an association between travel and MDRO acquisition, translating the available data to actionable guidelines for health-care providers and facilities remains limited. More research is needed to better understand the risk of transmission from recently returned travelers to others in the hospital setting as well as whether carriage among travelers warrants isolation and precaution guidelines for health-care settings.20 Disruptions in international travel due to COVID-19 may be hypothesized to reduce the total number of MDRO acquisition through this route. However, a countervailing factor in AMR control may be in the general rise in broad-spectrum antibiotic use related to COVID-19.26,27
Migrants and Forcibly Displaced Persons
The association between AMR and long-term migration and resettlement, including in forcibly displaced persons, appears to be complex. The risk of antibiotic resistance in migrant communities may be lower in certain regions for example, given reduced access to health-care facilities or antibiotics, or increased due to factors associated with transit such as fractured public health infrastructure and infection control policies and programs.28 For the purposes of this review, both are discussed in tandem as much of the existing literature discusses these populations interchangeably, though it is important to highlight that the risk of AMR exposure for migrants such as economic or labor-related migrants are typically different from those of forcibly displaced persons given varied exposures, environments, and vulnerabilities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of AMR among migrants and refugees in Europe demonstrated the pooled prevalence of AMR carriage or infection, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria, was increased (25.4% across all migrants) among asylum seekers and refugees residing in high-migrant community settings such as transit or detention centers, or camps, though these estimates were limited by significant heterogeneity.28 Notably, the data also suggested that antibiotic-resistant organisms are predominately acquired during or following migration, and there was no evidence of onward transmission to surrounding host populations. This suggests that exposure along the migration trajectory as well as perhaps conditions in high-migrant community settings may contribute to acquisition of AMR among these populations.
The rising burden of AMR is of particular concern in countries affected by protracted conflict where AMR policies are not always implemented.29 Despite limited data on AMR in Syria, a country that has been in conflict for more than ten years and has seen more than half its pre-war population of 22 million forcibly displaced (5.6 million as refugees), high rates of CRE have been found.30 Among refugees, screening programs in destination countries in Europe such as Germany which hosts more than 800,000 Syrian refugees, noted high rates of MRE among refugees.31
Rates of MDR-TB are another area of current interest as it pertains to migrants originating from high-prevalence regions. Migrants, and particularly forcibly displaced persons, may be at increased risk for both TB and MDR-TB due to the breakdown of local health systems and exposures during their migration trajectory, such as overcrowding, incarceration, or detention.32 These factors can be particularly challenging for appropriate surveillance and treatment, given concerns surrounding legal status. One cross-border outbreak of MDR-TB that affected 29 patients in seven European countries was discovered among migrants arriving from the Horn of Africa or Sudan, with the majority of patients (76%, n = 22) reporting spatiotemporal overlap between their routes of transit.33 Of note, all isolates obtained for whole genome sequencing from this outbreak revealed a shared tylA N236K mutation and phenotypic resistance to capreomycin. Most of the patients involved in the outbreak noted transit through Libya prior to their arrival into Europe, with some being held by human traffickers or in detention in unsanitary or overcrowded conditions. Following intensive cross-border surveillance efforts, no reports of transmission of this strain occurred outside of those involved in the journey to Europe.33
Githui et al observed higher levels of drug resistance to antimycobacterial therapy among refugees in three refugee camp complex clinics located in Northeastern Kenya compared to non-refugees.34 A large analysis of patients associated with GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine clinics in 28 countries, similarly demonstrated that most cases of MDR-TB occurred among foreign-born patients, with over half of cases presenting five or more years after immigration.35 None of the MDR-TB cases presented in this analysis occurred among tourists or volunteers and only 3 cases were found in business travelers while 1 case was found in a student. Unlike other forms of AMR, the authors concluded that short-term travel was rarely associated with acquisition of MDR-TB, and that additional resources should be allocated towards optimizing TB cases of patients in their home countries. A recent retrospective cohort study of MDR-TB among migrants in Canada also noted that despite increasing cases of MDR tuberculosis among migrants from high MDR tuberculosis burden countries between 1982–2001 and 2002–2019, no cases of multidrug resistant TB were attributable to local transmission.36 In general, there has been sparse evidence of spread from migrants to local communities (with transmission occurring within migrant communities due to poor integration) though further research in this area is needed.32
While considerable attention has historically been paid to AMR resulting from the resettlement of migrants, including forcibly displaced persons, there is reason to believe that this population in fact contributes a small fraction of AMR dissemination. Thomas et al note that the frequency of AMR carriage appears roughly similar between short-term international travelers and migrants seeking resettlement.37–39 However, in the US and Europe, the population of immigrants and forcibly displaced persons is overshadowed by the much larger population of short-term international travelers, and this difference has been growing over the past five decades. Therefore, effective interventions to reduce the spread of AMR will likely need to be implemented at the interface of international air travel. Interventions to reduce the burden of AMR among migrants seeking long-term resettlement are important but must be framed and communicated in a manner that does not enhance the already high level of stigmatization of this vulnerable population.37
AMR continues to pose one of the most important contemporary challenges to global public health. Human mobility is considered to be an important contributor to AMR, though the current literature suggests that these risks may vary depending on mode and characteristics associated with transit. Several epidemiological studies have illustrated that short-term international travel may be a risk factor for AMR, particularly in relation to MRE, but the state of the science at present has been limited to characterizing the prevalence and duration of digestive tract colonization. Conversely, AMR may affect migrant populations including those that have been forcibly displaced through endemicity in their country of origin, crowded and unsanitary conditions during transit, and failing health infrastructures due to conflict or humanitarian crises. Health-care practitioners should consider these factors while evaluating their patients without further stigmatizing vulnerable communities.
All authors made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data and contributed to analysis and interpretation; took part in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; agreed to submit to the current journal; gave final approval of the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
AMM is supported by National Institutes of Health [T32 AI007433]. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); 2019.
2. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Organization for Economic Cooperative Development. Antimicrobial resistance: tackling the burden in the European Union; 2019. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/AMR-Tackling-the-Burden-in-the-EU-OECD-ECDC-Briefing-Note-2019.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2021.
3. Droz N, Hsia Y, Ellis S, Dramowski A, Sharland M, Basmaci R. Bacterial pathogens and resistance causing community acquired paediatric bloodstream infections in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8(1):207. doi:10.1186/s13756-019-0673-5
4. Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, et al. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(12):1057–1098. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70318-9
5. International Organization for Migration, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. UN system task team on the post-2015 UN development agenda; May, 2012. Available from: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/Think%20Pieces/13_migration.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2021.
6. Glaesser D, Kester J, Paulose H, Alizadeh A, Valentin B. Global travel patterns: an overview. J Travel Med. 2017;24(4). doi:10.1093/jtm/tax007
7. Tuite AR, Bhatia D, Moineddin R, Bogoch II, Watts AG, Khan K. Global trends in air travel: implications for connectivity and resilience to infectious disease threats. J Travel Med. 2020;27(4):taaa070. doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa070
8. Edmond C. Global migration, by the numbers: who migrates, where they go and why. World Economic Forum; January 10, 2020. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/iom-global-migration-report-international-migrants-2020/. Accessed December 21, 2021.
9. Internal Displacement Monitoring Center. Internal Displacement. Available from: https://www.internal-displacement.org/internal-displacement. Accessed December 21, 2021.
10. Castelli F, Sulis G. Migration and infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(5):283–289. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.012
11. Kraemer MUG, Yang CH, Gutierrez B, et al. The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science. 2020;368(6490):493–497. doi:10.1126/science.abb4218
12. Barnett ED, MacPherson DW, Stauffer WM, et al. The visiting friends or relatives traveler in the 21st century: time for a new definition. J Travel Med. 2010;17(3):163–170. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00411.x
13. Ruppé E, Andremont A, Armand-Lefèvre L. Digestive tract colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in travellers: an update. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2018;21:28–35. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.11.007
14. Furuya-Kanamori L, Stone J, Yakob L, et al. Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales among international travellers: a synthesis of cumulative evidence. J Travel Med. 2020;27(1):taz083. doi:10.1093/jtm/taz083
15. Grass JE, Kim S, Huang JY, et al. Quinolone nonsusceptibility among enteric pathogens isolated from international travelers - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) and National Antimicrobial Monitoring System (NARMS), 10 United States sites, 2004–2014. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0225800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225800
16. Ruppé E, Armand-Lefèvre L, Estellat C, et al. High rate of acquisition but short duration of carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae after travel to the tropics. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(4):593–600. doi:10.1093/cid/civ333
17. Arcilla MS, van Hattem JM, Haverkate MR, et al. Import and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by international travellers (COMBAT study): a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):78–85. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30319-X
18. Worby CJ, Earl AM, Turbett SE, et al. Acquisition and long-term carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms in US international travelers. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(12):ofaa543. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa543
19. Mellon G, Turbett SE, Worby C, et al. Acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by U.S. international travelers. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1372–1374. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1912464
20. Voor In 'T Holt AF, Mourik K, Beishuizen B, et al. Acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales during international travel: a systematic review of clinical and microbiological characteristics and meta-analyses of risk factors. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):71. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00733-6
21. Nurjadi D, Olalekan AO, Layer F, et al. Emergence of trimethoprim resistance gene dfrG in Staphylococcus aureus causing human infection and colonization in sub-Saharan Africa and its import to Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(9):2361–2368. doi:10.1093/jac/dku174
22. Kuhn KG, Hvass AK, Christiansen AH, Ethelberg S, Cowan SA. Sexual contact as risk factor for Campylobacter infection, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(4):1133–1140. doi:10.3201/eid2704.202337
23. Allen H, Mitchell HD, Simms I, et al. Evidence for re-infection and persistent carriage of Shigella species in adult males reporting domestically acquired infection in England. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(1):126.e7–126.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.036
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26. Karami Z, Knoop BT, Dofferhoff ASM, et al. Few bacterial co-infections but frequent empiric antibiotic use in the early phase of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from a multicentre retrospective cohort study in The Netherlands. Infect Dis. 2021;53(2):102–110. doi:10.1080/23744235.2020.1839672
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30. Karamya ZA, Youssef A, Adra A, et al. High rates of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates from microbiology laboratories in Syria. J Infect. 2021;82(2):e8–e10. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.026
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33. Walker TM, Merker M, Knoblauch AM, et al. A cluster of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients arriving in Europe from the Horn of Africa: a molecular epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(4):431–440. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30004-5
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Except where the Coroner decides that a post mortem examination must be held immediately, the senior next of kin may object to the holding of a post mortem examination.
any person nominated by the person to be contacted in an emergency.
As there are good reasons for holding post mortem examinations as soon as possible, any objection should be lodged by the next of kin within 24 hours of receiving a 'When a person dies suddenly' brochure.
An objection received after 24 hours will be acted upon if possible, but after that period the post mortem examination may have already commenced.
To make an objection, telephone the Office of the State Coroner on (08) 9425 2900 during office hours or the Police Service's Coronial Investigation Unit after hours on (08) 9420 5200.
It is important before deciding to object to a post mortem examination to consider whether there are any concerns about the circumstances of the death, as if a post mortem examination is not held, important information may be lost.
If you wish to object to a post mortem examination do not set a date for the funeral, as the objection process may take some time.
If you do object to an autopsy (post mortem) you will usually be contacted by the Coronial Counsellors who will discuss issues relating to the objections.
In a number of cases the Coroner, after considering the other evidence which could assist in determining possible causes of the death, will accept the objection and no autopsy will be held. In other cases, where the Coroner has decided that there are important reasons for holding an autopsy, a letter will be sent to you briefly explaining those reasons.


Are these the same geniuses that started the tide pod eating movement? How does one come up with the idea of putting their GPK cards in the microwave?
It's the U.K. It was either eat the chrome cards, or eat chopped up organs stuffed in a lamb's stomach.


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Extreme measures
As Africa's water-scarcity concerns increase, a number of countries are focusing on developing innovative methods to conserve this precious resource.
The water-related terms 'day zero' and 'new normal' have crept into sub-Saharan Africa's vocabulary. The former denotes the date the municipal water supply is expected to run dry, while the latter describes the scenario of water scarcity and endemic drought to which the region needs to adapt.
The most recent African metro affected by a water crisis is the City of Cape Town, where day zero is expected to arrive in March 2018 if consumption is not drastically reduced. 'The day or month of this happening is, however, not as important as what we do now to avoid such a time,' said Cape Town mayor Patricia de Lille in October. 'The new normal means that as a permanent drought region, we have to change our relationship with water as a scarce resource and augment our supply with alternative non-surface sources.'
Many African countries have already been improving their water-management campaigns to save the resource and find innovative solutions to the problem, often with the help of the private sector.
In 2015, Kenya introduced the Upper Tana-Nairobi Water Fund in a public-private partnership – the first of its kind on the continent – to address water challenges. East African Breweries, Coca-Cola, Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, and electricity provider KenGen are part of this partnership, which involves corporates, utilities, conserva-tion groups, government and farmers. The fund is used for watershed protection, reforestation and other activities in the upstream water conservation of the Tana river.
Other parts of Africa, notably Morocco and more recently Ethiopia and South Africa, have made headlines for their use of 'fog catchers'. These consist of giant mesh nets that draw moisture from the atmosphere and turn it into drinking water. And Namibia's Windhoek has become a best-practice example of recycling treated wastewater into potable water. Public education campaigns have reduced the 'yuck' factor of this practice.
Abraham Nehemia, Permanent Secretary in Namibia's Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, announced in 2015 that the country was embarking on a massive water-awareness campaign. Speaking at an information-sharing session on the status of water supply, Nehemia said: 'We have to do things differently now. The public will be part of the whole process and we will go the extra mile to educate them in saving water. We need to work together – no water, no life.'
The country's latest education effort features the slogan 'Go Native', with the aim of encouraging homeowners, schools and businesses to select only indigenous vegetation as it requires less water to grow.
Meanwhile, South Africa's Gauteng-based bulk utility, Rand Water, has established one of Africa's most visible water-awareness campaigns. Its message is reinforced though the 'Water Wise' brand, which provides water-conservation tips and news, education in schools as well as online information on dam levels and rain forecasts. The initiative partners with national and international water campaigns, such as WeedBuster Week (established by the country's Department of Environmental Affairs), as well as with corporates, such as Unilever, in an effort to save water.
For sub-Saharan Africa, water issues have generally been linked to economic water scarcity rather than physical scarcity, because water is available – just not always in the geographical areas where it's most needed. Economic water scarcity means that a population doesn't have the funds to manage and access a reliable, adequate water source – something that requires significant investment in expertise, manpower, water infrastructure and technology.
However, according to the International Water Management Institute, an increasing number of nations in sub-Saharan Africa (of late, Madagascar and South Africa) are now approaching physical water scarcity.
South Africa stands out in Africa because its relatively well-developed water management and supply infrastructure (as well as the underpricing of water) has given the country's water users a false sense of water security and lack of appreciation, says Willem de Lange, environmental and resource economist at the CSIR. 'The crux of the problem is distribution and cost. Potable water could become prohibitively expensive.'
That's where the private sector has a key role to play. It needs to partner with government and municipalities to educate the public, and find water solutions that are cost-effective and sustainable.
The City of Cape Town recently asked for-profit and non-profit organisations to assist in building water resilience. In August, the city announced that within just one week of issuing tender specifications, more than 1 600 interested parties had downloaded the first of many requests for proposals (RFP) for procuring and commissioning various non-surface water augmentation schemes.
According to a media statement by the city: 'The first RFP that has been issued pertains to land-based salt water reverse osmosis desalination plants. The proposed solutions included desalination at various scales (inclusive of container solutions, barges and ships); water re-use technology at various scales; aquifer and borehole options; engineering and infrastructure options; and water demand management options, among others.'
Cape Town is one of only a handful of African cities that have taken drastic methods to reduce water consumption. The mayor has not only warned some of the 55 000 highest water consumers in person through home visits or phone calls, but is considering 'naming and shaming' them in the media (the top 100 water wasters have already been publicly identified by street and suburb). They also have to pay steep penalties and their water supply will be cut off once they reach a monthly limit.
'We are going after the excessive water users with a mass roll-out of the installation of water-management devices, which are being set at 350 litres per day per property,' says De Lille. The water guzzlers are charged for these throttling devices, while poor households can apply for a free water-management device to help them comply with the water restrictions. The contractors who install and maintain the devices are selected via a tender process.
Other technologies to monitor and reduce water consumption include apps and smart water metres. In East Africa, the Kenyan firm KAPS introduced a smart metre solution for water utilities that provides real-time information on water supply and consumption. It also enables customers to log in, view analytical data of their water use and pay their bill online.
According to the company: 'The system seeks to replace the current manual metre readings and billing system that has for a long time been inefficient, slow and mostly results in losses of data and coinage. To ensure simplicity, the system focuses on the three most important features – a collection of the data from the water source, the communication protocol through GPRS and reporting functionalities.'
The City of Cape Town is running a number of water-conservation campaigns to encourage consumers to use the resource sparingly
At the southern tip of Africa, Stellenbosch University has developed an intelligent water-meter called Count Dropula and a monitor called Geasy, which is attached to a geyser and includes a SIM card and modem. It enables the geyser to be operated remotely (via a mobile phone app or PC) and can be programmed to send an SMS if the water consumption is too high or if there's a leak.
'We need to react quicker and smarter to adapt to water scarcity,' says Kevin Winter, lecturer in environmental and geographical science and theme leader at the University of Cape Town's Future Water Institute. He explains that the water value chain needs to be rethought completely. Domestic users in water-scarce areas, for instance, need to understand that they simply cannot use drinking water to wash cars, flush toilets, fill pools, irrigate gardens and hose down pavements.
South African company SewTreat has come up with a biological treatment that allows affluent and wastewater to be safely used for irrigation, flushing of toilets or general non-potable uses. 'We treat nature with nature,' says Theunis Coetzer, SewTreat MD. 'The process involves confining naturally occurring bacteria at a very high concentration in the treatment process. Our approach is based on return activated sludge technology, incorporating submersed aeration media.
'This enhanced bacterial action ensures a highly effective treatment process boasting a very low carbon footprint, minimal capital input and low maintenance requirements. In a nutshell, the bacteria digest all impurities and the wastewater is then cleansed,' he says.
The company's biological treatment plants have been popular with the hospitality sector, especially lodges in South Africa, Botswana, Ghana, Mozambique and Tanzania. Coetzer also sees potential for industrial, construction and mining operations across Africa.
By saving water through a combination of simple methods and high-tech solutions, water users in Africa can still adjust to the new normal. If everybody pulls together, day zero is not likely to arrive any time soon.
By Silke Colquhoun
Images: Gallo/Getty Images, Samantha Pinto/HMimages
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Is Your Trucking Technology Covered?
Is Your Trucking Technology Covered by Your Lorry Insurance?
Freighting cargo nationwide is a colossal operation and more trucking firms are installing state of the art technology to their vehicles in order to maximise efficiency. Such equipment may not be covered by certain insurance deals and modernistic firms could be running a bit of a risk.
Hybrid-fuel engines, auto-sealing truck tyres and fleet-locating satellite systems are just a few of the major steps forward in the trucking industry today. All innovations are designed to make trucking more convenient and much more cost-effective. However, just one accident could devastate a business unless they are protected by the correct hgv insurance cover.
During winter months, lorries are particularly vulnerable to potential accidents but dispatch companies can't afford to leave their fleet dormant and allow business to freeze. There are technologies such as winter adapting tyres for 18-wheelers which can help but the only way to be absolutely sure an accident doesn't leave a pile-up of unaffordable repair costs in its wake, is to cooperate with quality insurers to cushion the costs.
Trucks using a state-of-the-art rear loading lift may not be covered for loading accidents involving the lift. Thorough reading of insurance policies is crucial to understanding the extent of your protection policy. If you are concerned about extra protection for a loading lift or any other specialist areas – discuss everything with a recommended truck insurance broker who will go out of their way to find an insurance deal which covers you for everything.
Lorries can now be purchased, pre-armed with all the latest technology but others may have modifications manually installed. Custom parts may also slip through your insurance policy and you can save money, time and effort by getting in touch with a broker – they do all the legwork and you can relax knowing your truck, or fleet of trucks, will be fully protected.
Shopping around for specialist insurance deals can be tedious – especially when speaking to junior staff who may not be as clued up on unique requests. Experienced insurance brokers excel at establishing cooperative relationships with insurers and will do everything in their power to satisfy their clients i.e. you.
The haulage industry is evolving rapidly and it's up to brokers to source the insurers who can keep up – use them to protect your modern trucks and your income stream.


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2006 Reds
All quiet on the Reds front
John Fay has this piece in today's Enquirer about the lack of action in Reds-land:
Because other than deciding to part ways with Rich Aurilia and hiring Bucky Dent, the Reds haven't exactly lit up the old Hot Stove League.
My theory, and I'm sticking to it, is that nothing major will happen until the ownership transaction is complete.
But even after another quiet week, Reds general manager Dan O'Brien said the Reds remain active – actively talking, that is.
"In terms of announcements, we don't have anything," O'Brien said. "But in terms of working through the holidays and pursuing our goals, we're pressing on."
It should be noted that the Reds made all their big moves last offseason – adding six players who were on the Opening Day roster – after Dec. 13.
That could be the case this year as well.
Fay goes on to bemoan the fact that the Reds didn't acquire Josh Beckett from the Marlins, despite the fact that the Marlins had made it clear that you had to take Mike Lowell and his huge contract if you wanted Beckett. Fay says the Reds should have taken Lowell and shipped Edwin Encarnacion to Florida.
It's silly even to consider trading Encarnacion; his future is very bright. On the other hand, a pitcher like Josh Beckett is just what the doctor ordered for this organization….
The Return of the King
A real pitching staff
Baseball Is Life: The Value and Purpose of Shutting Up
Mary Beth Ellis
Baseball Is Life: The Laugh Track


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Home / News / Research
Rooftop DC isolators and solar system fires
The role of rooftop DC isolators in solar system installations in Australia has been a focus of Renew, formerly the Alternative Technology Association, investigations and member discussions over the past few years.
In 2016 Renew commissioned a group of students from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in Massachusetts, USA, to undertake a study into rooftop solar-related fires in Australia and internationally, part of which focused on the role of DC isolators and other system components.
The WPI students came up with a number of findings and recommendations based on research and consultations with the solar and firefighting industries. Of specific note:
Rooftop DC isolators and solar inverters were found to be the main causes in solar-related fires. From 2009 to 2015, between 38% and 50% of recorded solar-related fires in WA and NSW were caused by a DC isolator. Prior to 2015, the majority of solar-related fires in Queensland were associated with DC isolators.
The ATA should advocate for the removal of rooftop DC Isolators from the AS/NZ 5033 Standard.
Homeowners ought to be made aware of product recalls on solar system components – in particular the recalls on seven rooftop DC isolator products since 2014.
The WPI final report can be downloaded below. A fact sheet on the investigations surrounding DC isolators can be found in the final Appendix (G) in the report. An ATA summary and response to the students' investigations into rooftop DC isolators can also be downloaded below.
Renew will be engaging with the solar and firefighting industries, along with Standards Australia, over the future role of rooftop DC isolators in the Australian solar industry.
For more information contact Damien Moyse, the ATA's policy and research manager.
Click here to read the WPI report on fire safety of solar systems.
Click here to read the ATA response on fire safety and DC isolators.