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About the Saeima
Work of the Saeima
Election of the Saeima
The Commemorative Medal for Participants of the Barricades
History of the legislature
Main building of the Saeima
Informative materials about the Saeima
Contact the Saeima
Transcripts (in Latvian)
Answers to parliamentary questions
Daily schedule of committee and subcommittee meetings
Procedure for adopting laws
Plenary Chamber seating plan
E-Saeima
Statistics on parliamentary documents
Structure of the Saeima
Speaker Ināra Mūrniece
Permanent delegations
Daily schedule (in Latvian)
Saeima in pictures
Saeima on video
Involvement of society
Submissions and proposals
Archives of the Saeima
Receiving visitors and arranging guided tours
Student internship programmes
Coordinators for cooperation with NGOs
Cooperation with NGOs
School programme "Meet the Saeima"
Job Shadow Day in the Saeima
Plenary agendas (in Latvian)
Committee agendas (in Latvian)
Database of parliamentary documents (in Latvian)
HeadlinesPress releasesThe Latvian Parliament ready for work using the e-Saeima platform
The Latvian Parliament ready for work using the e-Saeima platform
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The Saeima is one of the first parliaments in the world to fully shift to remote work during the COVID-19 crisis. Thanks to the new e-Saeima platform, plenary sittings can now be held remotely, with MPs participating from outside the parliament premises.
The first remote sitting of the Saeima using the e-Saeima tool is planned on Tuesday, 26 May, at 14:00. During the sitting, MPs will vote on the draft law on the Administrative-territorial reform. Like in other sittings during the emergency situation, MPs will be located in various rooms in the Saeima buildings, but they will also use the new platform. Technical support will also be provided, if necessary.
The work of the Saeima will remain open to the public, and anyone interested may follow the remote sitting live on the Saeima website and the Parliament's Facebook account, as usual.
"We are very pleased that the Saeima, in cooperation with IT specialists, has been able to create a modern technological solution that allows the Parliament to continue its work in emergency situations even if MPs are not in the parliament building. We have fulfilled the goals set by the heads of the constitutional bodies and the president of Latvia: all branches of power can continue working fully during the emergency situation according to the aims and basic principles set out in the Constitution. It has been ensured at the Parliament that MPs can continue lawmaking and ensure parliamentary oversight over the work of the Cabinet of Ministers," explained Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of the Saeima.
The new platform is a unique information technology solution developed specifically for the needs of the Saeima. It ensures the most important functions of parliamentary sittings, namely, the opportunity to debate and vote on items included in the plenary agenda. Both functions work live in real time.
MPs may connect to the e-Saeima platform using a dedicated website on the internet and relying on a secure authentication method — the e-signature. To access a sitting, MPs need computers with an internet connection.
The e-Saeima interface displays the plenary agenda and the list of MPs participating in the debate about the agenda item under consideration. MPs may request to speak in the debate about the item under consideration or any of the upcoming items on the agenda.
There are three "buttons" to cast electronic vote: "for", "against", and "abstain". Upon activation of the voting mode, MPs have 30 seconds to make their decision. During this time, MPs may also change their vote. Afterwards, the results of the vote are displayed on the screen according to the seating plan of the Plenary Chamber of the Saeima.
Live information about the sitting, including the progress of the consideration of items, the list of speakers, and voting results, is available online on the Saeima website next to the plenary agenda.
The e-Saeima platform was developed as a matter of urgency over only a few weeks as a response to the restrictions on assembly introduced during the COVID-19 crisis and the necessity to work remotely, and taking into account the call of the heads of the constitutional bodies of Latvia to implement remote solutions for organising the work of the Parliament.
The company I SIA, better known in the market as "Possible Security", developed the technological solution tailored to the needs and specific procedures of the Parliament. After evaluating a long list of contenders, this offer was selected as the one meeting the requirements and criteria best and also as the most economically advantageous. The e-Saeima platform was developed by experienced professionals, and the project manager Kirils Solovjovs has considerable experience in working with the public administration in developing various information technology solutions.
"It is an honour and joy for us to help our country. One of our goals in developing and implementing the system was to show that it is possible to create good quality, functional, tailor-made solutions for the public administration in a relatively short period of time. I would like to emphasise and highlight the large potential hidden in small companies; the top small-sized enterprises in Latvia have joined forces to create a very special product for Latvia and its legislature, from scratch," underlined project manager Kirils Solovjovs.
If the e-Saeima technological solution, created to meet the needs of the emergency situation, proves successful and ensures the work of the Parliament well, there is an option to make the necessary upgrades and use the platform to carry out regular plenary sittings in the future, with MPs working in the premises of the Saeima.
Saeima Press Service
Otrdien, 19.janvārī
08:30 Juridiskās komisijas Krimināltiesību politikas apakškomisijas sēde
08:30 Mandātu, ētikas un iesniegumu komisijas sēde
09:00 Budžeta un finanšu (nodokļu) komisijas Finanšu sektora uzraudzības apakškomisijas sēde
10:00 Budžeta un finanšu (nodokļu) komisijas sēde
10:00 Juridiskās komisijas sēde
10:00 Izglītības, kultūras un zinātnes komisijas sēde
10:00 Aizsardzības, iekšlietu un korupcijas novēršanas komisijas sēde
10:00 Valsts pārvaldes un pašvaldības komisijas sēde
10:00 Tautsaimniecības, agrārās, vides un reģionālās politikas komisijas sēde
10:00 Sociālo un darba lietu komisijas sēde
12:00 Izglītības, kultūras un zinātnes komisijas Augstākās izglītības, zinātnes un inovāciju apakškomisijas sēde
12:00 Publisko izdevumu un revīzijas komisijas sēde
13:00 Administratīvi teritoriālās reformas komisijas sēde
13:00 Aizsardzības, iekšlietu un korupcijas novēršanas komisijas Visaptverošas valsts aizsardzības apakškomisijas sēde
14:00 Izglītības, kultūras un zinātnes komisijas sēde (turpinājums)
2021 © Latvijas Republikas Saeima


This class was very useful and it does not matter if you have not taken Armenian 102A. People take the series (102A - 102C) in such random order. Do not hesitate to take this class. This class really helped my Armenian reading and writing skills. This professor is able to teach you Armenian in such a way that you will never learn anywhere in the diaspora. He is very passionate about the Armenian language and he wants you to succeed in the class and fall in love with the language. He tailors his classes in a way that they are stress free. In other words, the workload is not heavy but yet you learn soo much!!! Take his classes. You won't regret it!


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Ali Baba, wife launch foundation for girl-child education
byJayne Augoye
Ace comedian, Atunyota 'Ali Baba' Akpobome, and his wife, Mary, launched the Purple Girls Foundation, to support girl-child education in Lagos on Wednesday.
The launch and fund-raising at the Civic Center was organised to mark Mrs. Akpobome's 50th birthday.
The celebrant said the foundation was established to enhance the education of the girl-child from less-privileged backgrounds that struggle amidst various disadvantages.
She added that the foundation would in the first three years support indigent female children in three pilot states and subsequently reach out to other parts of the country.
"The Purple Girl Foundation has now become one of the available interventions where we can collectively express our humanity by being our sister' keepers and in our way, leave impactful footprints in the sands of time. Our vision is to be the leading platform supporting and advocating access to education and leadership development for the girl-child in Nigeria," she said.
She said the foundation would support under-served young girls in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions with tuition, education support and health insurance.
According to her, the support will also instill in them leadership and peer learning opportunities to give them better prospects for their future.
She noted that educating the girl-child goes beyond advocating gender equality and female rights;, saying "education for the girl-child results in positive transformation and development at family, community and national levels.
"Every child deserves to go to school. 60 per cent of the total out-of-school children in Nigeria are girls; which means 5.5 million girls are out of school and it is the highest rate worldwide. If all women had a primary education, maternal deaths would reduce by two-thirds, and 98, 000 lives will be saved," she said.
Speaking at the event, Deputy Governor of Lagos State, Idiat Adebule, said the state government would continue to develop policies and programmes that would support girl-child education, protect them from sexual abuse and instill confidence in them.
Mrs. Adebule was represented by the Permanent-Secretary, Lagos State Ministry of Education, Yetunde Odejaiye.
She said that it was unacceptable that many girls had to drop out of school due to lack of funds and support.
Mrs Adebule commended the foundation for complementing the government's activities by promoting girl-child education in the country.
Some members of the foundation's board of trustees were also introduced to the audience at the event. They include Ini Abimbola, Margaret Onyema-Orakwusi, Gloria Nash and Charles Udoh Bassey
The gathering themed "Girl Child Education for Nation Building" was well attended.
PREMIUM TIMES spotted personalities like actress Monalisa Chinda and her husband, Victor Coker; Presiding Pastors of Daystar Christian Center; Sam and Nike Adeyemi, and Principal of Corona Secondary Schools, Chinedum Oluwadamilola, at the event.
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Federer sent packing from Wimbledon by Anderson
Jayne Augoye
Jayne Augoye is an assistant editor and covers the entertainment and lifestyle beat for PREMIUM TIMES. She has a master's degree in Media and Communication from the Pan Atlantic University. Twitter: @jaynejones
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Alleged Paternity Scandal: FCMB to probe MD as many demand his sack
Croatia vs England (LIVE UPDATES): 'Hungry' Lions Fight For Final Ticket

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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#CANDIDNiall Horan Has Just Spilled Everything You'd Ever Want to Know About Him
By Alex Riccardi
He's one of the biggest heartthrobs in the world. He was part of one of the biggest boy bands in years. He's about to release a debut solo album. He's Niall Horan.
The Irish cutie sat down with Billboard magazine for an extensive interview about his life and it's literally jaw-dropping. Not only did he chat about his music but about his current relationship with his ex-flings like Selena Gomez and Ellie Goulding. Nialler confirmed that he hangs out with baby Freddie Tomlinson on the reg. And he spilled the details about what types of girls he's really into.
RELATED: Niall Horan Reveals He Has Been Crushing on Selena Gomez For a Long Time
While Niall might seem like the least outspoken one of the One Direction boys, he sure has loose lips when it comes to interviews and for that, we are super grateful! We've rounded up a list of the most important things he said that surely will not disappoint a Directioner's heart.
Niall loves playing for a room of 500 people or less.
He said, "Playing for, like, 500 people. What more do you want? I've had some good moments with screaming teenagers, but I like when the room is completely dead. It's a different kind of respect. People are actually listening."
Niall reveals that sometimes he feels "naked" without the 1D boys around.
He said, "Every now and then you're like, 'F–kin' hell, where is everyone?' You're sitting in an airport lounge, they call you for a plane, and you don't stand up initially because you're waiting on everyone else, you know? 'Oh, Louis'll be back from the toilet in a minute."
Niall believes nothing he does will be as big as One Direction.
He said, "I have loads of songs, but now that I've heard what we've done, I realize the rest are sh-t. Nothing I do will be as big as One Direction, but I have to try at least to get somewhere near it."
Niall will drop everything if there is a chance to reunite the band again.
He said, "I told my managers from the start: When One Direction comes knocking, f–k what I'm doing. I don't give a shit if I sold out arenas or won Grammys. I wouldn't be doing this if it wasn't for that."
However, he confirms, "we haven't even had a conversation about how long we think the break will be."
Niall has gotten some pretty good advice from his friend Justin Bieber.
RELATED: The One Direction Music Guide Every Directioner Needs in His Life
He said, "Bieber told me that you never really know when you're finished [with an album]. He thought he was done [with Purpose] and then got 'Love Yourself' at the last minute. I thought my album was finished, and then I went on a bit of a run 'cause I was writin' crap stuff up until then."
Niall hangs out with Freddie Tomlinson and Louis Tomlinson all the time.
He said, "I see Louis and [his son] little Freddie all the time. He lives around the corner from me [in Los Angeles],"
Niall will always have respect for Simon Cowell.
He said, "We'll always have mutual respect. When we get back to the band, he'll be at the forefront again. When it will be, I don't know. I prefer not to do it after I'm 40. I'd prefer the next few years."
Niall has all the love for his exes Selena Gomez and Ellie Goulding.
He said, "Selena is the perfect role model for young girls. It takes balls to go in front of the world and share your problems."
About Ellie, Niall revealed, "We always have a great laugh."
Niall says he's only been in love twice and about his ideal girl.
He said, "I think I got a type, anyway. Dark hair, dark eyes. Someone I can see as a friend. At the moment, I'm enjoying being 23. I only get one go at me 20s. I'd like to give it me best go. I'm happy to go home alone on a Saturday night, drink and watch football."
RELATED: Niall Horan Opens Up About His Friendship With Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez
LOL See How Your Favorite Celebrities Are Going to Look When They're Old
Sweating Liam Payne Poses Completely Naked, Sending the Internet Into a Frenzy
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1. Get Education : Continue to go to school. Compulsory education is the buddha's teaching (the true guidance in life).
2. Time, Work and Play Balance: Encourage to work and learn from it. From morning bed making to brushing floors, kitchen, redesigning house, clay-paper work, art, singing, buy a musical instrument (keyboard, drum …), train them. The value of Time.
3. Brain Use: How to use money and its value?
4. Spirituality: Remember God is good only, so moral stories will help your children to guide in their course of lifetime. Buddha's life education.
5. Issues Discussion: Rather than imposing, try to discuss on issues so that your children understands it positively, which your children will respect and appreciate for understanding them or their situation. In educating a child, protect child when they can't understand us (babies), when they grow older and understand, argue and use logic to click their head that what is right/wrong and why.


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Nord-Atlantique est un film dramatique français réalisé par Maurice Cloche, sorti en 1939.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Réalisation : Maurice Cloche
 Assistant réalisateur : Rodolphe Marcilly
 Scénario : Oscar-Paul Gilbert, d'après son roman éponyme paru chez Gallimard en 1934.
 Décors : Jean Bijon
 Photographie : Roger Hubert
 Montage : Kyra Bijou
 Son : Joseph de Bretagne
 Musique : Wal Berg
 Producteur : François Chavane
 Société de production et de distribution : Éclair-Journal
 Pays :
 Format :  Son mono - Noir et blanc
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 90 min.
 Année de sortie en France : 1939

Distribution
 René Dary : Barnes, le second du Portland, détesté par tout l'équipage
 Albert Préjean : Dick Kaufman
 André Alerme : Le capitaine Little
 Marie Déa : Mary
 Pierre Renoir : Le capitaine Jeff Cooper, commandant du Portland
 Jean Brochard : Dauphin, le patron
 Lucien Coëdel : Pomme d'Amour
 Jean Daurand : Gus
 Henri Crémieux : Sharp, le radio
 André Burgère : César
 Guy Favières : Le shérif
 Gérard Landry : Jaspers
 Franck Maurice : Un membre de l'équipage
 Robert Darène : Un membre de l'équipage
 Marcel Melrac : Un membre de l'équipage

Voir aussi

Liens externes

 Affiche

Film français sorti en 1939
Film dramatique français
Film réalisé par Maurice Cloche
Film français en noir et blanc
Adaptation d'un roman belge au cinéma
Cinéma maritime
Film se déroulant dans l'océan Atlantique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home Education Funding NH seeking $37 million in federal K-12 education relief
NH seeking $37 million in federal K-12 education relief
The NH Department of Education is seeking $37 million in coronavirus-related federal relief for the state's K-12 schools as part of the CARES Act passed by Congress last month. The federal aid will be used to support the expansion of neighborhood and charter schools' remote learning capacity, with a focus on underserved communities and student groups and is part of the $82.5 million in anticipated education-related federal relief funding for New Hampshire.
This includes access, devices, applications, and training for students, families and educators, as well as other activities deemed necessary by the NH Department of Education, according to the federal grant application. The $37 million can be used to reimburse districts for remote learning-related expenses since March 13, when many districts began planning for a potential transition to off-campus learning.
The grant application also includes a provision that would require districts and schools to use "high quality diagnostic tools" to assess student learning gaps, and provide student-level performance data to the NH Department of Education.
The federal aid expires in 2021, but the NH Department of Education has been working on setting up the infrastructure to support the administration of the funds since mid-March in order to disseminate the money as quickly as possible.
"I can tell you that we are working ahead of schedule so that once we receive that funding at the SEA level, which is the state education agency level, we have a few things that we're responsible to do with that. But we will pass that through as quickly as possible," Commissioner Frank Edelblut told NHPR in an interview in April.
CARES Act funds will be allocated to districts based on a formula set by the federal government, but the state has flexibility in determining how the funds can be used. The federal aid must be approved by the Governor's Office for Emergency Relief and Recovery (GOFERR), which is responsible for the oversight of coronavirus relief and stimulus funds.
The $37 million does not include an anticipated $8.9 million in federal relief as part of the Governor's Emergency Education Relief Fund, or an anticipated $36 million in federal relief for New Hampshire's higher education institutions. The Governor's Emergency Relief Fund is intended to support districts and education-related groups — like child care and early childhood education institutions — that have been hardest hit by the coronavirus.
New Hampshire is anticipating additional grant opportunities through the US Department of Education to "create adaptable, innovative learning opportunities for K-12 and postsecondary learners in response to the COVID-19 national emergency." Part of these opportunities include "Rethink K-12 School Models Grants," which are intended to help virtual learning and include microgrants to families.
On March 15, 2020, Governor Chris Sununu signed an executive order that required all public schools in New Hampshire to transition to a remote learning model in response to the national coronavirus pandemic. The order has been extended through the end of the 2019-2020 school year, and districts have been working with students, families, and educators to continue learning at home.
Reaching Higher NH has been sharing stories of districts' transitions to remote learning as part of a new series. Read more:
Educators face challenges in delivering support services and addressing new hardships
Bridging gaps: Remote learning creates new challenges in meeting diverse student needs
"We're just trying to take it day by day": Educators reflect on challenges and see opportunities with remote learning
A new reality: Educators reflect on the first weeks of remote learning
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US Department of Education
3 key takeaways on K-12 school enrollment trends in NH
Professional Standards Board has numerous vacancies to fill
Demographics, the pandemic, and the bubble class: Public schools continue to serve the vast majority of New Hampshire's children
School voucher program will cost public schools over $477K after "phase-out" grants in 2023, according to state estimates
School voucher program enrolling 1,635 students in first quarter; projected to cost state approximately $8.1 million


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Artwork by Sandbox Studio, Chicago with Ana Kova
Voyage into the dark sector
By Sarah Charley
A hidden world of particles awaits.
We don't need extra dimensions or parallel universes to have an alternate reality superimposed right on top of our own. Invisible matter is everywhere.
For example, take neutrinos generated by the sun, says Jessie Shelton, a theorist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who works on dark sector physics. "We are constantly bombarded with neutrinos, but they pass right through us. They share the same space as our atoms but almost never interact."
As far as scientists can tell, neutrinos are solitary particles. But what if there is a whole world of particles that interact with one another but not with ordinary atoms? This is the idea behind the dark sector: a theoretical world of matter existing alongside our own but invisible to the detectors we use to study the particles we know.
"Dark sectors are, by their very definition, built out of particles that don't interact strongly with the Standard Model," Shelton says.
The Standard Model is a physicist's field guide to the 17 particles and forces that make up all visible matter. It explains how atoms can form and why the sun shines. But it cannot explain gravity, the cosmic imbalance of matter and antimatter, or the disparate strengths of nature's four forces.
On its own, an invisible world of dark sector particles cannot solve all these problems. But it certainly helps.
The main selling point for the dark sector is that the theories comprehensively confront the problem of dark matter. Dark matter is a term physicists coined to explain bizarre gravitational effects they observe in the cosmos. Distant starlight appears to bend around invisible objects as it traverses the cosmos, and galaxies spin as if they had five times more mass than their visible matter can explain. Even the ancient light preserved in cosmic microwave background seems to suggest that there is an invisible scaffolding on which galaxies are formed.
Some theories suggest that dark matter is simple cosmic debris that adds mass—but little else—to the complexity of our cosmos. But after decades of searching, physicists have yet to find dark matter in a laboratory experiment. Maybe the reason scientists haven't been able to detect it is that they've been underestimating it.
"There is no particular reason to expect that whatever is going on in the dark sector has to be as simple as our most minimal models," Shelton says. "After all, we know that our visible world has a lot of rich physics: Photons, electrons, protons, nuclei and neutrinos are all critically important for understanding the cosmology of how we got here. The dark sector could be a busy place as well."
According to Shelton, dark matter could be the only surviving particle out of a similarly complicated set of dark particles.
"It could even be something like the proton, a bound state of particles interacting via a very strong dark force. Or it could even be something like a hydrogen atom, a bound state of particles interacting via a weaker dark force," she says.
Even if terrestrial experiments cannot see these stable dark matter particles directly, they might be sensitive to other kinds of dark particles, such as dark photons or short-lived dark particles that interact strongly with the Higgs boson.
"The Higgs is one of the easiest ways for the Standard Model particles to talk to the dark sector," Shelton says.
As far as scientists know, the Higgs boson is not picky. It may very well interact will all sorts of massive particles, including those invisible to ordinary atoms. If the Higgs boson interacts with massive dark sector particles, scientists should find that its properties deviate slightly from the Standard Model's predictions. Scientists at the Large Hadron Collider are precisely measuring the properties of the Higgs boson to search for unexpected quirks that could open a gateway to new physics.
At the same time, scientists are also using the LHC to search for dark sector particles directly. One theory is that at extremely high temperatures, dark matter and ordinary matter are not so different and can transform into one another through a dark force. In the hot and dense early universe, this would have been quite common.
"But as the universe expanded and cooled, this interaction froze out, leaving some relic dark matter behind," Shelton says.
The energetic particle collisions generated by the LHC imitate the conditions that existed in the early universe and could unlock dark sector particles. If scientists are lucky, they might even catch dark sector particles metamorphosing into ordinary matter, an event that could materialize in the experimental data as particle tracks that suddenly appear from no apparent source.
But there are also several feasible scenarios in which any interactions between the dark sector and our Standard Model particles are so tiny that they are out of reach of modern experiments, according to Shelton.
"These 'nightmare' scenarios are completely logical possibilities, and in this case, we will have to think very carefully about astrophysical and cosmological ways to look for the footprints of dark particle physics," she says.
Even if the dark sector is inaccessible to particle detectors, dark matter will always be visible through the gravitational fingerprint it leaves on the cosmos.
"Gravity tells us a lot about how much dark matter is in the universe and the kinds of particle interactions dark sector particles can and cannot have," Shelton says. "For instance, more sensitive gravitational-wave experiments will give us the possibility to look back in time and see what our universe looked like at extremely high energies, and could maybe reveal more about this invisible matter living in our cosmos."
Dark Matter 101
Learn more about one of the most sought-after substances in the universe.
Is dark matter cold, warm or hot?
The answer has to do with dark matter's role in shaping the cosmos.
Curious physics results could shed light on dark matter
Even experiments that aren't looking for dark matter directly could give us hints about the mysterious substance that permeates our universe.
What dark matter is (probably) not
No one knows for sure what dark matter is. But we know we need something to explain what we see in the universe, and we've crossed a few ideas off of our list.
What we know about dark matter
Although scientists have yet to find the spooky stuff, they aren't completely in the dark.
The other dark matter candidate
As technology improves, scientists discover new ways to search for theorized dark matter particles called axions.
Vera Rubin, giant of astronomy
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will be named for an influential astronomer who left the field better than she found it.
More on Dark matter
Dark matter decoys
The ADMX experiment trains scientists to deal with real signals—by creating fake ones.
A day in the life of a cosmic-ray 'bookkeeper'
Early-career physicist Jonathan LeyVa is helping to build one of the world's most sensitive dark matter detectors.
Testing DAMA
An Italian experiment has a 20-year signal of what could be dark matter—and scientists are embarking on their most promising efforts yet to confirm or refute its results.
A day in the life of a dark matter data wrangler
Maria Elena Monzani prepares an international team to search for clues to one of the biggest scientific mysteries.
Berkeley leans into search for light dark matter
Dark matter could be much lower in mass and slighter in energy than previously thought.


A series of Fe–Ce–Ti catalysts were prepared via co-precipitation method to investigate the effect of doping Ce into Fe–Ti catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The NO conversion over Fe–Ce–Ti catalysts was considerably improved after Ce doping compared to that of Fe–Ti catalysts. The Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activity to that of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts. The obtained catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data showed that the introduction of Ce results in higher surface area and better dispersion of active components on the catalyst surface and enhances the amount of surface acid sites. The interactions between Fe and Ce species were found to improve the redox ability of the catalyst, which promotes catalytic performance at low temperature. The XPS results revealed that Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ coexisted on the catalyst surface and that Ti was in 4+ oxidation state on catalyst surface. Ce doping increased the atomic ratio of Fe/Ti and Ce/Ti and enhanced the surface adsorbed oxygen species. In addition, Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst also showed better tolerance to H2O and SO2 and up to 92% NO conversion at 270 °C with 200 ppm SO2 added over 25 h, which suggests that it is a promising industrial catalyst for mid-low temperature NH3–selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction.
NOx (NO and NO2), which is emitted primarily from power plants and automobile exhaust gases, is considered a major environmental pollutants and has garnered world-wide research attention due to its toxicity to the air and threat to human health [1,2]. Securing methods to effectively reduce NOx emissions is a crucial endeavor. In recent years, a variety of methods have been developed to reduce NOx emissions. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is often applied to remove NOx from stationary sources, for example. The commercial catalysts typically used for SCR are V2O5/TiO2 or V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalysts, which have high catalytic activity in temperatures from 300–400 °C [1,3]. Unfortunately, there are several problems inherent to existing commercial catalysts such as the decline of N2 selectivity at high temperatures, the environmental toxicity of vanadium species, high conversion of SO2 to SO3, and the relatively narrow activity temperature window [2,3]. There is considerable and urgent demand for alternative catalysts for SCR applications, particularly those that are highly active, environmentally friendly, stable, and vanadium-free.
In recent years, a number of transition metal-containing catalysts, such as FeOx, MnOx, CuOx, and CrOx have been developed as NH3-SCR catalysts. Among them, Fe-based catalysts have attracted special attention due to their excellent catalytic activity, nontoxicity, favorable N2 selectivity, and high hydrothermal stability [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Feng et al. , for example, found that the isolated Fe3+ species forms the main active sites in SCR reactions and that Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst (prepared via the cauliflower-like morphology of ZSM-5 support) exhibits excellent SCR catalytic activity. Zhu et al.  reported that Al–Fe–SBA-15 catalysts synthesized by microwave methods exhibit up to 95% NOx conversion at about 360 °C. Compared to single-component catalysts, those with composite components possess improved catalytic activity due to the internal synergistic effect of the active species. Putluru et al.  found that 25Mn0.75Fe0.25Ti-DP catalyst prepared by deposition precipitation (DP) has quite high SCR catalytic performance, with relative activity 26.9 times higher than a standard industrial-type VWTi catalyst at 175 °C. Qi and Yang  found that Mn–Fe/TiO2 catalysts also have excellent catalytic activity, N2 selectivity, and high resistance to SO2 and H2O. Zhou et al.  reported that Fe–Ce–Mn/ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit nearly 100% NO conversion at 300 °C with a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 30,000 h−1, and Zhang and Qu  found that Fe–CuOx/ZSM-5 catalysts show higher catalytic activity than FeOx/ZSM-5 or CuOx/ZSM-5 catalysts. In short, the introduction of supplemental Fe ions as promoter is a very effective approach to enhancing the catalytic activity of iron-based catalysts.
Ceria (CeO2), as a catalyst support or catalyst promoter, is of substantial interest to current researchers; it has been studied extensively due to its unique redox properties and oxygen storage capability [12,13,14,15]. It can store and release oxygen via the redox shift between Ce4+ and Ce3+. The transformation between the electrons and formation of oxygen vacancy generated by charge mismatching also leads to the formation of chemisorbed oxygen that benefits the SCR reaction . It also can promote the oxidation of NO to NO2, which results in a "fast SCR" and further enhancement of the SCR reaction .
As described above, iron-based catalysts show excellent catalytic activity in terms of NH3–SCR reactions, and Ceria facilitates highly favorable catalytic performance in other metal oxides used as SCR catalysts due to its superior oxygen storage capacity and redox properties. The catalytic behavior of catalysts is closely dependent on the method by which they are prepared as well as their supporting materials and active species. When Ce is introduced to different catalysts (or the catalysts are prepared by different methods,) the resulting manifestations and promotion mechanisms differ. For Fe–Ce catalysts, recent studies have focused on co-precipitation preparation methods without support  or supported on H-ß zeolite , Beta , or TiO2  via ion exchange or impregnation. There have been few reports, however, on the promotional effect of Ce on Fe–Ti catalysts prepared via co-precipitation methods for the express purposes of NO reduction.
In this study, a series of Fe–Ce–Ti catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation technique and applied to NH3–SCR of NO. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst was systematically investigated and the effects of Ce on structural, surface, and catalytic properties were investigated using N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SO2 and H2O resistance of the catalysts were also surveyed and the used catalysts were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
The effect of iron loading on Fe–Ti catalytic activity was investigated in the temperature range of 120–360 °C. As shown in Figure 1, the NO conversion of catalysts was observed to be closely related to the amount of iron loading; catalytic activity was ranked by Fe(0.02)–Ti < Fe(0.05)–Ti < Fe(0.1)–Ti <Fe(0.4)–Ti < Fe(0.2)–Ti. For the Fe(0.02)–Ti catalysts, less than 20% NO conversion was obtained at 120 °C and the highest NO conversion was only 82% at 360 °C. The NO conversion of the catalysts increased considerably as the iron load increased from 0.02 to 0.2. The Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts showed the highest NO conversion over the whole reaction temperature range: more than 85% NO conversion from 270 to 360 °C. When the iron loading further increased to 0.4, the catalytic activity of Fe(0.4)–Ti catalysts decreased slightly. The Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts exhibited the best NO conversion of all the samples; the optimal of Fe/Ti molar ratio was 0.2.
Because the optimal Fe/Ti molar ratio was found to be 0.2, we next prepared a series of Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts and ran comparisons among Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts to investigate the promotional effect of Ce doping on catalytic activity. Figure 2 shows the NO conversion of various Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts with different Ce/Ti molar ratios under different GHSVs as a function of reaction temperature. As shown in Figure 2a, with a GHSV of 90,000 h−1, the Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts showed much poorer catalytic activity than others throughout the temperature range. By contrast, after Ce doping, the NO conversion of various Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts increased remarkably as temperature increased; catalytic activity was ranked by Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti > Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.2)–Ti > Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.05)–Ti > Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.8)–Ti > Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.02)–Ti > Fe(0.2)–Ti. The Fe (0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts showed optimal catalytic activity, yielding more than 94% NO conversion in the temperature range of 240–360 °C. The catalytic activity of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.8)–Ti markedly decreased as the Ce–Ti molar ratio further increased to 0.8, especially at low temperatures. Under the GHSV of 180,000 h−1 (shown in Figure 2b), the de-NO efficiency over various Fe(0.2)–Ce–Ti catalysts increased with the increasing reaction temperature. In the whole reaction temperature range, the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti still exhibited the highest activity and the sequence of catalysts activities were basically consistent with that at GHSV of 90,000 h−1. Based on these results, we confirmed that doping Ce into Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts is indeed beneficial to improving the catalytic activity for NH3–SCR reactions. The optimal Ce–Ti molar ratio was 0.4.
The NO conversion results of Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti, and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts are shown in Figure 3. NO conversion increased for all catalysts as reaction temperature increased. Compared to the Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts, which were comprised of single active components, the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activity. In effect, binary-component catalysts had the best catalytic activity—there was a synergistic catalytic effect of active species in the SCR reaction.
The oxidation activities of NO to NO2 over Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts were investigated in the temperature range of 120–360 °C as shown in Figure 4. Clearly, the oxidation activity of NO to NO2 was limited for Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts at low temperature but was enhanced as reaction temperature increased. For the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts, NO oxidation became stronger after Ce doping. Based on previous studies [8,20,21], the reaction rate of NH3 with NO + NO2 is higher than that with NO only due to the "fast SCR" reaction mentioned in the Introduction. Our Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts did exhibit stronger oxidation activity of NO to NO2, i.e., higher catalytic activity than other catalysts. Possible reasons for the enhanced oxidation activity of NO to NO2 by Ce doping (as well as the results of H2-TPR and XPS) are discussed below.
N2 physisorption was conducted to investigate the physical properties of the catalysts described above. The results are shown in Table 1. The BET surface area and pore volume of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts were only 76.04 cm2·g−1 and 0.2783 cm3·g−1, respectively. After Ce doping, the BET surface area and pore volume increased; when the Ce/Ti molar ratio increased to 0.2 and 0.4, the BET surface area and pore volume of catalysts increased to 210.85 cm2·g−1, 0.6094 cm3·g−1 and 146.82 cm2·g−1, 0.6456 cm3·g−1, respectively. Further increase in Ce/Ti molar ratio to 0.8 caused the BET surface area and pore volume to decrease slightly but remain higher than that of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts. These results clearly indicated that Ce doping enhanced the dispersion of active metal oxides and thus increased the specific area and pore volume of the catalysts (as further confirmed by the XRD results discussed below). Variations in catalytic activity were basically consistent with the surface area variations of the catalysts, especially the pore volume, suggesting that the surface area and pore volume of catalysts are closely related with their catalytic activity. Larger surface area and pore volume provide more active sites for the SCR reaction and thus adsorb more reactant molecules, which promote the reaction and result in the favorable catalytic activity we observed.
Figure 5 shows XRD patterns of different Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8). Apparent diffraction peaks corresponding to crystallite Fe2O3 and TiO2 were observed in the Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts without Ce doping. After Ce doping (Ce/Ti molar ratio = 0.02), conversely, the intensity of Fe2O3 and TiO2 diffraction peaks decreased and no visible peaks attributed to Ce were detected, indicating that the growth of crystallite Fe2O3 and TiO2 was strongly suppressed by the introduction of Ce. With further increase in Ce load (Ce/Ti molar ratio = 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8), the intensity of diffraction peaks gradually decreased until no visible Fe, Ce, or Ti species phases could be observed, suggesting that the Fe, Ce, and Ti oxides were highly dispersed on the catalyst surface or at least that its particle size was outside the XRD detection limit [8,19]. In brief, these results showed that Ce doping inhibits the crystallinity of metal oxides and enhances the dispersion of active species on the catalyst surface, which is beneficial as far as increasing the surface area and active sites to promote catalytic activity in SCR reactions [4,14]. This is consistent with the BET and catalytic property testing results discussed above.
It is commonly accepted that the redox property of catalysts is an important factor in terms of SCR reactions, so we utilized H2-TPR characterization to investigate the effect of Ce doping on catalyst redox properties (Figure 6). For Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts, three deconvoluted reduction peaks were displayed in the temperature range of 200–800 °C, reflecting the reductive nature of the iron species. The reduction peaks centered at 354 and 394 °C, which indicated greater intensity, can be assigned to the reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe2+ [5,22,23]. The splitting signal we detected may have been due to the various interactions of Fe with Ti or the reduction of Fe3+ located in different sites within the catalyst structure . The third reduction peaks, which showed less intensity and appeared at 778 °C, were attributed to the reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 [5,19]. After Ce doping, the H2-TPR profile of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts showed enhanced reduction peaks. The reduction peaks at 370 °C and 402 °C, which were similar to that of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts, were attributed to the reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe2+ while the peaks at 466 °C can be regarded as the reduction of the uppermost layer of Ce4+ to Ce3+ [23,24,25]. The broad reduction peaks at 628 °C can potentially be ascribed to the reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 and the deeper interior of CeO2 and bulk CeO2 [4,25,26].
Compared to the H2-TPR results of Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts, the total reduction peak areas of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts were much larger than those of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalysts, especially at low temperatures (<550 °C). This indicated that the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts had more reductive species and that more chemisorbed oxygen formed on the catalyst surface after Ce doping (Table 2), which benefited the SCR reaction [19,27,28]. In addition to the enhanced reduction peak areas of the catalyst, the reduction peak of Fe2+ to Fe0 shifted to the lower temperature region—this reflects a strong interaction between Fe and Ce species (as further confirmed by the XPS results shown below) . Considering also the NO + O2 and NO + NH3 + O2 reaction results, this may have been due to the fact that the improved redox properties of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts favored the occurrence of a fast SCR reaction, thus enhancing the NO conversion of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts .
NH3-TPD analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of Ce doping on the surface acidity of the catalysts. The results are shown in Figure 7. The shape of the Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst NH3-TPD curves were similar, and the TPD curves both could be fitted into two peaks. The peaks of Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts centered at 204 and 198 °C, respectively, were attributed to NH3 adsorption bounded to weak acid sites while peaks centered at 311 and 286 °C were ascribed to NH3 adsorption from medium and strong acid sites [1,23,30]. Compared to the TPD curves of Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts, the peak area significantly increased after the Ce doping. This indicated that Ce doping enhanced the amount of acid sites over the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts due to the increase in specific area and new acid sites provided by Ce, both of which favored the SCR reaction.
XPS measurement was carried out to observe the valence state and element content on catalyst surfaces. The photoelectron spectra of Fe 2p, Ce 3d, and O 1s are shown in Figure 8; the surface atomic concentrations, ratios of Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) and Ce4+/Ce3+, and different oxygen species obtained via peak fitting are summarized in Table 2.
The results of Fe 2p spectra for Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts are displayed in Figure 8a. The binding energies of Fe 2p3/2 for Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts were both located at about 711.5 eV and could be separated into two peaks corresponding to the iron in Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively [4,5]. This observation suggested that Fe2+ and Fe3+ coexisted on the surface of the two catalysts. The relative contents of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were calculated and the ratios of Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) were summarized as listed in Table 2, where it the ratio of Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) for Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst is reported as 39.49% but only 29.22% for Fe (0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst. In effect, Ce doping decreased the relative percentage of Fe3+ species on the catalyst surface. The Fe/Ti atomic ratio for Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst was 0.264; after Ce doping, it increased to 0.303. This indicates that there was a synergistic effect between Fe and Ce and that Ce doping promoted the accumulation of Fe on the catalyst surface.
As listed in Table 2, the proportions of Fe3+ and Ce3+ both decreased after Ce doping while the content of surface adsorbed oxygen increased. Moreover, compared to the binding energy (BE) values of Fe 2p for Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst, the BE values of Fe 2p for Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst shifted to lower values. These results can likely be attributed to the synergistic interaction of Fe and Ce via redox equilibrium of Fe3+ + Ce3+ ↔ Fe2+ + Ce4+ . The redox couples between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ may have enhanced the redox cycle to promote the formation of oxygen vacancies, ultimately benefiting the formation of surface adsorbed oxygen .
Figure 8b displays the Ce 3d XPS spectra of the Ce(0.4)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts. The bands labeled u and v were attributed to 3d3/2 and 3d5/2, respectively; the bands labeled u'', v'', u''', and v''' were ascribed to Ce4+, while those labeled u' and v' were assigned to Ce3+ . These results suggested that both Ce4+ and Ce3+ coexisted on the surface of catalyst. The ratios of Ce4+/Ce3+ for Ce(0.4)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts as-calculated via peak area integration were 2.23 and 3.43, respectively (Table 2). This demonstrates that the Ce4+ oxidation state was the dominant state of Ce on the surface of the catalysts. Combined with the catalytic property results shown in Figure 3, the coexistence of Ce4+ and Ce3+ on the surface catalyst enabled the process of oxygen storage and release, which was beneficial to the oxidation of NO to NO2 and generated a fast SCR reaction; these factors altogether enhanced the catalytic activity in SCR . The concentration of Ce for Ce(0.4)–Ti was only 1.94% but was 4.50% for Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst. The greatly increased concentration of Ce on the catalyst surface further verifies that there was interaction between Fe and Ce, which promoted the migration of Ce from the body to the surface of the catalyst.
The XPS spectra of O 1s for the Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti, and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts are shown in Figure 8c. The O 1s spectra of the three catalysts were all easily fitted with two peaks: the peak centered at about 529.8 eV (denoted as Oα) corresponds to lattice oxygen while the peak around 531.5 eV (denoted as Oß) can be assigned to surface adsorbed oxygen species . The ratios of Oß/(Oα + Oß) were 5.9%, 8.5% and 20.1%, respectively, for the Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts; clearly, the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst exhibited the highest Oß/(Oα + Oß) ratio. More surface adsorbed oxygen species were formed on the surface of the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst, which contributed to the oxidation of NO to NO2 and caused the fast SCR reaction. According to these and the results shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the synergetic interaction between Fe and Ce activated more O2 molecules to react with NO and thus enhanced the SCR quality due to the fast SCR reaction.
Figure 8d shows the XPS spectra of Ti 2p for the three catalysts, all of which displayed two peaks (Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2). The binding energies of Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 for the three catalysts were all centered at about 458.4 and 464.1 eV, respectively, indicating that Ti was in 4+ oxidation state on the catalyst surface [31,32]. Further, the binding energies of Ti 2p remained practically unchanged, providing more evidence that the increased Ce4+ was due to the synergistic interaction of Fe and Ce species via redox equilibrium of Fe3+ + Ce3+ ↔ Fe2+ + Ce4+ and that the synergistic effect between Fe and Ce species was dominant.
It must be noted that there are traces of SO2 remaining in the flue gases even after desulfurization, because the catalyst may be deactivated in the presence of SO2. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the influence of SO2 on the catalytic activity of catalyst .
The influence of SO2 on catalytic activity of Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts at 270 °C under different GHSVs is shown in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9a, the steady state NO conversion of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst was 85% in the absence of SO2 with a GHSV of 90,000 h−1. The NO conversion gradually decreased to about 75% in 7.5 h after 200 ppm SO2 was introduced into the feed. And finally, NO conversion reached stability at about 74.4%. For the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts, the initial NO conversion was 98% and increased slightly within the first 1.5 h after SO2 was introduced. The NO conversion then decreased slightly and reached stability at 92% after 25 h of SO2 exposure. With a GHSV of 150,000 h−1 (at this GHSV value, NO conversion of catalysts was no more than 80% at 270 °C), NO conversion of both catalysts exhibited a further decrease in the presence of 200 ppm SO2, which is shown in Figure 9b. Compared to that of Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst, the loss of activity for Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst was less under different GHSVs and the NO conversion still exceeded 92% with 25 h, 200 ppm SO2 treatment with a GHSV of 90,000 h−1, suggesting that the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst had better tolerance to SO2 after Ce doping.
The effect of H2O and the synergistic effect of H2O and SO2 on catalytic activity of Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts with a GHSV of 90,000 h−1 at 270 °C were investigated and the results are shown in Figure 10. Before the H2O was added, the SCR reaction had stabilized for 0.5 h at 270 °C. When 5 vol. % H2O was introduced into the reactant gases, NO conversion gradually decreased to about 94% from its original level and then it almost kept stable. After H2O was cut off, NO conversion basically restored to 96.3%, which was nearly its original level. This indicated the Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts exhibited good resistance to H2O at 270 °C and the inhibiting effect of H2O on catalysts activity was reversible. When 200 ppm SO2 and 5 vol. % H2O were simultaneously introduced into the reactant gases at 270 °C, the NO conversion slowly decreased to about 90% in about 2 h and then it nearly stayed at this level. When SO2 and H2O were removed, the NO conversion showed some increase but still could not reach its original level, which indicated such effect was irreversible. The reasons for this may be due to the fact that the competitive adsorption between H2O and reaction gases on active sites may happen, which would lead to the decrease of catalyst activity. When H2O was cut off, the effect was basically over and the NO conversion could return to its original level. When H2O and SO2 were simultaneously added, some sulfate species may be formed on the catalysts' surface in the presence of H2O and SO2, which would indirectly or directly decrease the catalysts' activity to some extent. The most important observation was that this effect could not be eliminated thoroughly even if the H2O and SO2 were removed.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the surface species of the sample catalysts. The TGA spectra of the fresh and used Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts are shown in Figure 11. Compared to that of fresh catalysts, which only showed one instance of weight loss due to the release of water, the weight loss of used Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts were both divisible into three steps where two new weight loss instances were observed at higher temperatures. Step I appeared between room temperature and 250 °C due to the physical desorption of water [34,35]; Step II was observed from 250 to 470 °C and corresponds to the decomposition of ammonium sulfate formed during SCR reaction after SO2 addition on the catalyst surface [11,36]. The last step, above 470 °C, may have been the decomposition of metal sulfates during the heating process [11,37,38]. TGA results clearly indicated that sulfate species were formed on the catalyst surface.
FT-IR analysis provided further evidence for sulfate species formation; the FT-IR spectra of the fresh and used Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts are displayed in Figure 12. In comparison with the fresh catalysts, the used Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts exhibited new bands at 1410, 1403, 1087, 1040, and 980 cm−1. The strong bands at 1410 and 1403 cm−1 were assigned to NH4+ species , while the bands at 1087, 1040, and 980 cm−1 were due to SO42− ions [34,39,40]. These results were consistent with TGA analysis, which likewise indicated that sulfates species were formed on the catalyst surface.
Based on the results of TGA and FT-IR, the decrease of catalysts' activity had two likely causes: (1) the ammonium sulfate formed during the reaction was deposited on the catalyst surface and covered the active sites, blocking the active channels of the catalyst; and (2) the active components were sulfated by SO2, rendering them unable to generate effective intermediate species and thus inhibiting the SCR reaction [38,41].
The Ce-doped Fe–Ti catalysts were prepared via co-precipitation method. First, 2.68 g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (Aladdin, Shanghai, China), 5.78 g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (Aladdin, Shanghai, China), and 8 g Ti(SO4)2 (Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) were added to a 150 mL beaker containing 60 mL deionized water, and the solution was stirred for 30 min. Ammonia solution (25%, AR, Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) was gradually added with continuous stirring until the pH reached 10, followed by stirring for another 1 h. The resulting precipitate was separated by filtration and washed thoroughly by centrifugation with deionized water, then the precipitate was collected and moved to an oven for drying at 120 °C for 12 h. The mixture was then ground and calcined in air at 500 °C for 4 h. Finally, the catalysts were compressed into tablet form and sieved to 40–60 mesh for testing and analysis. For convenience, the first catalyst was denoted as Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti. Catalysts Fe(0.02)–Ti, Fe(0.05)–Ti, Fe(0.1)–Ti, Fe(0.2)–Ti, Fe(0.4)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti, Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.02)–Ti, Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.05)–Ti, Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.2)–Ti, and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.8)–Ti were fabricated using the same method. The number in brackets represents the Fe/Ti and Ce/Ti molar ratio, respectively.
The specific area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the catalysts were measured according to N2 adsorption at 77 K by BET method in a Micrometrics ASAP-2020 analyzer (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). About 100 mg catalyst samples were used after pretreatment in 300 °C for 4 h in a N2/He mixture.
XRD analysis was carried out on a Philips X'pert Pro diffractometer (Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands) with Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation (0.15418 nm). The X-ray tube was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA.
H2-TPR experiments were conducted in a U-tube reactor (NJU, Nanjing, China) connected to a thermal conduction detector (TCD) using Ar–H2 (7.0% of H2 by volume, NJTQ, Nanjing, China) as the reducing mixture. Fifty milligram samples were used after pretreatment in N2 stream at 200 °C for 1 h before reduction. The reduction of the samples was recorded form room temperature to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1.
NH3-TPD experiments were carried out on a Micromeritics AutoChem II 2920 analyzer (Micromeritics, Atlanta, GA, USA); the NH3 desorption was detected with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). As is typically required for TPD, about a 100 mg sample was pretreated in N2 (40 mL·min−1) at 450 °C for 1 h and then treated with 1 vol. % NH3 (10 mL·min−1) at 100 °C for 1 h until saturation, then the sample was flushed with N2 at 100 °C for 1 h. TPD operation was then completed by heating the sample from 100 to 500 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1.
XPS measurements were read on a PHI 5000 Versa Probe system (ULVAC-PHI, Chigasaki, Japan) equipped with monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV). The samples were outgassed at room temperature in a ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chamber (<5 × 10−7 Pa) prior to data acquisition. The charging effect of samples was compensated for by C 1s binding energy value of 284.6 eV as an internal reference, which yielded BE values with an accuracy of ±0.1 eV.
TGA measurement was conducted on a Pyris 1 TGA (PerKinElmer, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) instrument with a heating rate of 20 °C·min−1 from room temperature to 650 °C, and FT-IR spectra were recorded in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 on a Nicolet NEXUS870 spectrometer (Nicolet Instruments Inc., Madison, WI, USA).
The catalytic activity of the catalysts were measured in a fixed-bed quartz reactor tube with 100 mg samples. The reaction conditions were as follows: 500 ppm NO, 500 ppm NH3, 5 vol. % O2, 5 vol. % H2O (when used) and 200 ppm SO2 (when used) with balance N2, and gas flow rate of 100 mL·min−1. Before catalytic activity measurement, the catalysts were pretreated in a high-purity N2 stream at 200 °C for 1 h and cooled to room temperature. Reaction gases were introduced into the reactor until the catalysts were saturated, then catalytic activity measurements were recorded at different temperatures. All the data were obtained with an online Thermofisher IS10 FT-IR spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA) equipped with a gas cell (250 mL volume) once the SCR reaction reached a steady state.
where NOin and NOout are the inlet and outlet NO concentrations of the reactor, respectively.
In this study, we found that Ce doping can markedly enhance the catalytic activity and SO2-resistance of Fe–Ti catalysts. The Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst exhibited more than 94% NO conversion in a wide temperature range (240–360 °C) and obtained 92% NO conversion in the presence of 200 ppm SO2 at 270 °C for 25 h. The reasons for the superior catalytic activity we observed were as follows.
The Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst prepared via co-precipitation had better texture compared to than Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst, including high surface area and high dispersion of active components on the catalyst surface.
Doping Ce into Fe(0.2)–Ti catalyst improved its redox ability and greatly increased the amount of acid sites on the surface.
As Ce load increased, the proportion of Fe3+ and Ce3+ decreased while the content of surface-adsorbed oxygen increased, all due to the interaction between Fe and Ce species.
The decrease of catalyst activity caused by SO2 was likely due to the deposition of ammonium sulfate and the sulfation of active components during the SCR reaction.
This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2015AA03A401), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51276039, 21573105), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (020514380020, 020514380030), and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (1501033A).
X.W. conceived and designed the experiments; X.W. performed the experiments; L.Z., S.W., W.Z., S.Y. and Y.S. gave technical support and conceptual advice; X.W. wrote the paper; X.W. and L.D. revised the paper.
Figure 1. NO conversion over various Fe–Ti catalysts. Reaction conditions: [NO] = [NH3] = 500 ppm, [O2] = 5 vol. %, N2 balance, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 90,000 h−1.
Figure 2. NO conversion of various Fe–Ce–Ti catalysts at different GHSVs: (a) GHSV = 90,000 h−1 and (b) GHSV = 180,000 h−1. Reaction conditions: [NO] = [NH3] = 500 ppm, [O2] = 5 vol. %, N2 balance.
Figure 3. NO conversion over Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti, and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts. Reaction conditions: [NO] = [NH3] = 500 ppm, [O2] = 5 vol. %, N2 balance, and GHSV = 90,000 h−1.
Figure 4. Oxidation activity of NO to NO2 by O2 on Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts. Reaction conditions: [NO] = 500 ppm, [O2] = 5 vol. %, N2 balance, and GHSV = 90,000 h−1.
Figure 5. XRD patterns of Fe(0.2)–Ce(x)–Ti catalysts (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8).
Figure 6. H2-TPR profiles for Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts.
Figure 7. NH3-TPD results of Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts.
Figure 8. XPS spectra of (a) Fe 2p, (b) Ce 3d, (c) O 1s and (d) Ti 2p for Fe(0.2)–Ti, Ce(0.4)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst.
Figure 9. NO conversion of the Fe(0.2)–Ti and Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalysts in the presence of SO2 at 270 °C under different GHSVs: (a) GHSV = 90,000 h−1 and (b) GHSV = 150,000 h−1. Reaction conditions: [NO] = [NH3] = 500 ppm, [SO2] = 200 ppm, [O2] = 5 vol. %, N2 balance.
Figure 10. Effect of H2O and SO2 on NO conversion over Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti catalyst at 270 °C. Reaction conditions: [NO] = [NH3] = 500 ppm, [SO2] = 200 ppm (when used), [H2O] = 5 vol. % (when used), [O2] = 5%, N2 balance, and GHSV = 90,000 h−1.
Figure 11. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) spectra of the fresh and used catalyst (a) Fe(0.2)–Ti and (b) Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti.
Figure 12. FT-IR spectra of the fresh and used catalyst: (a) Fe(0.2)–Ti and (b) Fe(0.2)–Ce(0.4)–Ti.
Table 1. Physical properties of various catalysts.
Table 2. XPS results of various catalysts.


text:
package br.com.uol.pagseguro.utils.collections;

import java.util.Collection;

public class CollectionsUtil {

    /**
     * Agrupa uma coleção em listas com chaves iguais.
     */
    public static <K, V> ListMultiMap<K, V> createMultiMap(Iterable<? extends V> collection, //
            Translator<V, K> keyTranslator) {
        if (collection == null || keyTranslator == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        final ListMultiMap<K, V> map = new ListMultiMap<K, V>();
        copy(collection, keyTranslator, map);
        return map;
    }

    private static <K, V, L extends Collection<? super V>> void copy(Iterable<? extends V> fromCollection, //
            Translator<V, K> keyTranslator, //
            MultiMap<K, V, L> toMap) {
        if (fromCollection == null || keyTranslator == null || toMap == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        for (V object : fromCollection) {
            final K key = keyTranslator.translate(object);
            toMap.add(key, object);
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Matthew Ball and Marianela Nunez in Wayne McGregor's Multiverse.
This triple bill celebrating Wayne McGregor's ten years as resident choreographer with the Royal Ballet reveals the changes in his approach and interests, which have always been eclectic. He has profited from ballet's extensive vocabulary of steps large and small, enabling precision-trained dancers to move at speed, covering space.
Steven McRae and Rachael McLaren in Wayne McGregor's Chroma.
When he first made Chroma in 2006, he was primarily concerned with the ways in which hyper-supple bodies can be articulated and manipulated. The 25-minute piece is essentially a sequence of duets and trios framed by a rectangle in John Pawson's architectural set. Dancers stand within it in silhouette, watching aggressively acrobatic encounters until their turn comes. McGregor had worked out how to get his dancers on stage but not how to get them off. After a physically intimate duet, with the woman flung and clasped around the man's body, the pair simply walk off in opposite directions. Nothing significant has happened between them.
Ten years on, Chroma has become more human, more colourful. Jaqueline Green, a guest from the Alvin Ailey company, extends an imperious hand to Jereboam Bozeman, demanding to be paid attention after his self-concerned solo. Lauren Cuthbertson refuses to be impressed by Jamar Roberts's sinuous writhing and wrestles with him provocatively. In contrast, Sarah Lamb with Federico Bonelli look like delicate insects mating to Joby Talbot's tinkling music. All ten dancers come together for a calligraphic battle of flying limbs to Talbot's urgent Helicopter for full orchestra.
Jeroboam Bozeman and Jacqueline Green in Wayne McGregor's Chroma.
The inclusion of guests from Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, a mainly contemporary dance company like McGregor's own troupe, shows that his acrobatic choreography can be performed by a range of flexible physiques. (Chroma is in the repertoire of numerous companies.) Not so Multiverse, given its premiere on Wednesday. Its opening sequence could only be executed by super-speedy ballet dancers; later, some of the women are on pointe. McGregor is making a statement about time-shifts, past, present and possibly future.
He accounted for his thinking – and the title – in an ROH Insight talk. There's also a long article in the ROH programme by his dramaturg, Uzma Hameed. We're in the realms of cosmology, positing that there may be many alternative universes coterminous with ours, in which events have infinitely possible outcomes. Even in this universe history repeats itself, so that legends of the Flood and Noah's ark re-emerge, transformed into migrations across the sea by desperate refugees.
Matthew Ball and Marianela Nuñez in Wayne McGregor's Multiverse.
How this plays out in a ballet of three scenes depends on Steve Reich's music and Rashid Rana's set design. The commission of a new piece, Runner, from 80-year-old Reich turned out to be too short, at 16 minutes, for a one-act ballet. With Reich's agreement, McGregor has preceded Runner with It's Gonna Rain, a two-part vocal work from 1965. Reich had played a recording of an apocalyptic sermon by a black Pentecostal preacher on two separate tape machines, not completely in sync. The repeated warning, 'It's gonna rain' (and drown the world), begins in unison and then goes in and out of phase, rendering it barely comprehensible. Ear-splittingly amplified in the Opera House, the threat becomes a howl.
Rana's set is a V-shaped cell, one wall longer than the other, covered in a grid pattern repeated on the floor. Two men, Steven McRae and Paul Kay, begin in unison and alternate in being leader and follower in overlapping canon formations, reverting at times to unison. Balanchine employed the same contrapuntal device for two men in Agon, though he didn't sustain the sequence for as long as seven minutes. McGregor's choreographic demands are less intricate than Balanchine's – pacing, jumping, spinning, skipping, without the need for interlocked fifth positions – but they require considerable skill, stamina and concentration. Kay and McRae succeed in making their 'phasing' look like a gambit by companions rather than a purely technical feat of timing.
Steven McRae and Paul Kay in Wayne McGregor's Multiverse.
In the next scene, the second part of It's Gonna Rain, Reich used another extract from the sermon about the rising floodwaters, making the multiple looped phrases frantically incomprehensible and almost unbearable. A photomontage by Rana is projected, all too briefly, onto the longer wall. It is (I am told) a rearrangement of Géricault's 1818 painting, The Raft of the Medusa, a dramatic depiction of shipwrecked sailors clinging to an overcrowded raft. The fragmented images assembled on the grid pattern are the visual equivalent of Reich's spliced tape recordings.
A cast of 14 refugees enter in a frightened huddle, staring up at the walls (or heavens) and holding onto each other. There's a sense of panic and disequilibrium when they break away. Some assert themselves in solos and grappling duets, others are intimidated. Two of the women, Lamb and Marianela Nunez, are on pointe – perhaps a reference to the earlier culture of the painting and balletic tradition. A dark shadow slowly descends on the grid. When it blacks out the stage, figures with torches arrive: rescuers or ruthless people traffickers?
The third section is set to live orchestral music that Reich based on different note durations. Runner seems to promise endurance and maybe salvation. Coloured lights play across the walls as dancers run, leap and spin. A frieze of pacing figures progresses across the shorter wall, measuring out Reich's rhythms as duets, trios and quartets unspool in the middle. Though the partnering is as extreme as ever, the women's legs constantly splayed, the transitions between lifts are far more fluent than in Chroma. Relationships appear to develop, hard to identify as couples keep changing, though evidently emotional.
A protective family grouping emerges, involving Cuthbertson, Francesca Hayward and Matthew Ball. But they disperse and most of the cast exit stage left along the bigger wall. By the end, the music pulsing on long notes from the woodwinds, Cuthbertson, Hayward and Maya Magri are left moving serenely in canon. The music runs out but they keep going – into eternity?
Mayara Magri, Lauren Cuthbertson and Francesca Hayward in Wayne McGregor's Multiverse.
The connections between the three sections of Multiverse are far from obvious, even if you've pored over the programme notes. The seven minutes in the middle referring to migrants, and possibly climate change and divine retribution, are opaque; the implications of the final section are too elusive for a conclusion. McGregor and his dramaturg may know what they want to convey about life and the universe(s) but despite the dancers' efforts, the result is baffling.
Carbon Life from 2012 is an entertaining pop-video extravaganza to end the evening. A band on stage features one of the composers, Andrew Wyatt (the other is Mark Ronson) and a young rapper, Dave, among the seven singers. The lyrics are apparently about love in various forms. Gareth Pugh's designs animate the setting and disguise the performers in increasingly cumbersome costumes.
Matthew Ball in Wayne McGregor's Carbon Life.
McGregor's choreography is a collage of references, somewhat similar to Rashid Rana's montage of other artists' paintings in Multiverse. Near the start, a phalanx of dancers parades in a drilled sequence of tendus – very Balanchine, very Forsythe. Then come tributes to Karole Armitage's Drastic-Classicism and Michael Clark's punk ballet essays in outlandish outfits. Youngsters enjoy themselves but more senior artists, such as Marianela Nunez, Edward Watson and Eric Underwood, could save their energies and their bodies for something more worthy of their talents.


text:
Q: ¿En c++ es posible hacer una lista/vector etc de matrices con diferentes dimensiones? Hola quisiera saber si existe un metodo o algo en la STL para guardar matrices de diferente dimension por ejemplo:
m1 = {{0,1}
      {2,1}};
m2 = {{0,1,4},
      {5,4,0},
      {6,7,5}};
lista = {m1, m2};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Cymraeg Menu
Part-time courses for adults
Short online courses
Conservation course recognised at International Prize for Architectural Restoration
School of Biosciences
School of Computer Science & Informatics
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences
School of English, Communication & Philosophy
School of Geography and Planning
School of Healthcare Sciences
School of History, Archaeology and Religion
School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
School of Physics & Astronomy
School of Welsh
The MSc Sustainable Building Conservation has been awarded with an honourable mention in the Special Prize for International Education category at the DOMUS International Prize for Architectural Restoration.
The DOMUS International Prize for Architectural Restoration was conceived by the Department of Architecture at Ferrara University and Fassa Bortolo, an Italian building supplies company, with the aim of highlighting contemporary projects that have consciously implemented principles of sustainability and preservation.
The Prize jury praised the MSc Sustainable Building Conservation for "the great heterogeneity of the themes tackled (…) demonstrating the constant expansion of the concept of heritage characterising the modern age, but also the need to examine the various components according to a unified disciplinary approach, aimed at identifying the theme of environmental sustainability as common ground for analysing the pre-existing, whether vernacular building, 20th-century architecture, infrastructure or historical monumental architecture. The clear and aware methodological approach which emerges has more than one point of contact with the discipline of restoration."
The prize giving ceremony took place on 22nd March 2017 at the Palazzo Tassoni Estense, Ferrara.
The latest from Cardiff University.
Copyright Cardiff University. Registered charity no. 1136855


January did a verification of student process. Of the 18 student members, we got ten verification emails. I have not yet locked down the members that did not respond.
We've recovered one of the lost spaces from last month, and there may be another person interested in rental. That will leave three blue/white spaces available for rent.
We did something new - making 100 small Tie Fighter model kits for adults to do, and got nice feedback on it.
We are looking into collaboration with the 501st.


The Bitnami CiviCRM Stack provides a one-click install solution for CiviCRM. Download installers and virtual machines, or run your own CiviCRM server in the cloud.
CiviCRM isn't an ordinary free and open source CRM. It's built to help non-profits, charities, advocacy groups and NGOs manage their operations around growing relationships with their members and constituents. A fully integrated CRM solution, CiviCRM includes support for managing contacts, communications, events, advocacy campaigns, fundraisers and more. CiviCRM can run in several CMS systems, including Joomla!, Drupal and WordPress. The Bitnami package includes CiviCRM with Drupal. WordPress and Joomla! integrations are also possible, but not part of the default Bitnami installation.
Why use the Bitnami CiviCRM Stack?


text:
Flashing lights to be installed in school zone where crossing guard was hit
The school district has identified funding needed to move forward with a design from the city, officials confirmed Tuesday.
Flashing lights to be installed in school zone where crossing guard was hit The school district has identified funding needed to move forward with a design from the city, officials confirmed Tuesday. Check out this story on commercialappeal.com: https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2019/10/30/grahamwood-elementary-get-flashing-lights-dangerous-school-zone/2500249001/
Laura Testino, Memphis Commercial Appeal Published 11:41 a.m. CT Oct. 30, 2019 | Updated 12:50 p.m. CT Oct. 30, 2019
Grahamwood Elementary students will soon have flashing lights to help them safely cross a notoriously busy intersection outside of their school.
Over the years, the Grahamwood community has been quite vocal about school safety issues, Laura Rogers, president of the school's parent-teacher organization, said at a school board meeting Tuesday.
"They have to get in that room alive" before any learning can take place in the school building, Rogers said.
Rogers has been lobbying for infrastructure improvements like flashing lights and improved signage since her child has been a student at the school, and has previously expressed frustration with the delay in improvements.
Once she heard Tuesday that the lights would be installed, Rogers addressed the Shelby County Schools board on Tuesday with a message of gratitude.
"I appreciated that you listened to us," Rogers said. She thanked the school board for their willingness to find a solution, instead of asking for more patience from anxious parents.
Children look to cross Summer Avenue near Grahamwood Elementary School where last week, a crossing guard was struck by a car while she was working on Graham Street and Faxon Avenue. (Photo: Joe Rondone/The Commercial Appeal)
Crossing guard hit: Elementary school's parents warned about traffic safety issues, they still wait for action
In September, crossing guard Flora Wallace, known by students and parents as "Ms. Flo" turned away from an approaching car to check on a student and was hit.
It was traumatizing, parents said, for the students to see Wallace flip up into the air and land hard on the pavement. Beyond the grisly imagery, parents said the incident underscored how dangerous the area is for small pedestrians.
Wallace survived the incident, which left her with extensive bruising and several cracked ribs.
"I'm excited to say that (Ms. Flo) is better," said John Barker, Deputy Superintendent for Strategic Operations and Finance with Shelby County Schools.
Barker confirmed Tuesday that the school district has worked with the city to create a plan for moving forward. The city has "been awesome with this, and has moved the timeline along for us expeditiously," Barker said.
A crossing guard helps children across Summer Avenue near Grahamwood Elementary School where last week, a fellow crossing guard was struck by a car while she was working on Graham Street and Faxon Avenue. (Photo: Joe Rondone/The Commercial Appeal)
The city creates the design for the flashers, the school board funds it, and then it moves back to the city for maintenance, Barker explained. It's $30,000 for a pair of flashers, Barker said, analogizing the probable design to what's currently on Union Avenue near Idlewild Elementary School.
The district has identified the funding, so the process will move forward in a matter of weeks once the city has finalized the design and selected a vendor, Barker said.
The district has also identified other high-traffic schools for similar solutions, Barker said, including Snowden School, Robert R. Church Elementary School, Shady Grove Elementary School and Cordova Elementary School.
Commercial Appeal reporter Micaela Watts contributed to this story.
Laura Testino covers education and children's issues for the Commercial Appeal. Reach her at laura.testino@commercialappeal.com or 901-512-3763. Find her on Twitter: @LDTestino
Read or Share this story: https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2019/10/30/grahamwood-elementary-get-flashing-lights-dangerous-school-zone/2500249001/


text:
Truth Archive
Paul Boyd - Santee I, California Convention - 2006
Prayer is a precious part of our life, and it's not just telling God things about yourself. No, it's mostly listening to what He'd like to say to us. We sometimes sing that song, "O'er and o'er a voice is borne to me, from the homeland of eternity, 'Steady brother, God has need of thee; Keep thy heart and purpose true.'" "A voice is borne to me." We have to listen to get these messages and listen carefully.
Joseph is an outstanding example. His spiritually successful life hinged on his prayer life, even though we never read that he prayed. Maybe if Joseph had tried to tell God something, it would have been recorded, but he just listened. That's why God gave him dreams at 17 years old. Joseph had a special coat his father made him, and his brothers would have felt, "That should have been mine."
There are many parallels between Joseph and Jesus. Joseph's brothers were mostly all older, and Jesus' brothers were all younger, but there wasn't much cooperation among any of their siblings. Jesus' brothers told Jesus, "Go show off, show off what You can do." That was their concept to the grace of God. When Joseph told his parents and his brothers of the dreams, Jacob was a little miffed, but he considered them just the same. Jacob knew those older brothers. He had already asked himself, "Is this the one to receive the inheritance? No. This one? Finally Joseph: he's the one."
Then his brothers, full of jealousy, put Joseph into a pit without a reason, then sold him to traitors without a reason. Wanting to get rid of him, and maybe pushing it too far. Later, when Jacob spoke of his inheritance, he spoke of Joseph being near a river, and near a wall. The wall was the one his brothers had built.
Off Joseph went to Egypt. Shackles on his ankles. Walking. No camels. What would Joseph be thinking? He was a praying young man. Maybe he was thinking, "I wonder what God has I mind for all this nonsense?" Sometimes when there is a difficult situation, we hear people say, "Oh, isn't that too bad!" No, it's not too bad. If you are praying and listening, these seemingly untoward circumstances aren't too bad. God doesn't make mistakes.
As soon as he got to Egypt, Joseph was snapped up by Potiphar. Now there was a shrewd man. He bought the cream of the crop and his estimate was soon proved. God was with Joseph, and God blessed Joseph. Soon Potiphar turned over all his belonging to him. Imagine that. Joseph could have thought, "This is great."
Potiphar's wife wasn't so wise. She set her cap for Joseph, and when he didn't respond, she cried out that she'd been assaulted by this Hebrew, this slave. It says that Potiphar was angry, but it doesn't say with whom. I don't believe it was with Joseph. No, Potiphar would have known his own wife, and he would have known the kind of woman she was, and he probably figured out just about what would have happened. He had Joseph put in a safe place: the dungeon. He could have had him killed because he was a chatteled slave, he could have had him knocked off. But Potiphar knew that God was with Joseph, and was blessing him. A lot of people never see that in God's people. Joseph was in a safe place, and soon was given responsibility. Then we read of some interesting scenes in Joseph's life.
Pharoah had a dream and all the experts in Egypt didn't have a clue what they meant. Actually, he had two dreams. The experts said it was impossible to interpret the dreams. Then entered the Butler, "Oh, I remember now. When I was in the dungeon, I had a dream and this other fellow had a dream, and this Hebrew slave, he interpreted them for both of us, and that's exactly the way it turned out." This was two years later! But it wasn't God's time yet. Pharoah said, "Get that fellow up here now!" The dungeons were in the wall of the palace. So off they went to get Joseph. Do you think Joseph prayed that morning? What if he hadn't prayed? The servant said, "Come quickly. Wash. Shave. Don't keep the Pharoah waiting."
Now, here is Joseph before the Pharoah, before all the experts in Egypt, including all of Pharoah's cabinet members, all the top brains of Egypt, and all the soothsayers, too. They bring in this alien jailbird. Not even an Egyptian. Here's Joseph standing before the Pharoah and all the brains of Egypt are watching. Pharoah told him the dreams, and Joseph said, "Well, the message is the same for both dreams, but there's two dreams to show that this surely will come to pass. There will be good years, and good crops, and then a famine will hit for so many years." Joseph didn't stop there. He went on. "This is what you have to do. You have to save during the good years to help tide yourself over during the bad years." Imagine that! A jailbird telling the Pharoah what to do! The Pharoah said, "Where can I find a man like that?" Just like that, Pharoah took off the executive seal and put the seal on Joseph. "You're the man. You do what should be done." Quick change from alien slave in the dungeon, to #2 man in all of Egypt. Nothing is impossible with God. He had been planning and preparing a long time.
I have to skip the great mission to get the brothers into the repentant stage, to face their own soul. We're going to jump to the end of Jacob's life, where Jacob is giving his sons his blessing.
Genesis 49:22 says, "Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall. The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him but his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob." His bow remained in strength. His brothers had shot. Then Joseph got a bow; he was the #2 man in Egypt. All he had to do was say the word, "Send a company, I want to straighten out my brothers." But his hands were made strong by the mighty God of Jacob. When the string is just strung, it is weak. When it's pulled back, it's strong. But Joseph didn't shoot back. Why didn't he? Because God was helping him. A father helping his son. Don't shoot back. Don't shoot back. In later years, I'm sure Joseph was very, very thankful that God didn't allow him to shoot back. Remember those verses about Jesus in Peter, "Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously." (I Peter 2:22-23) These two men, Joseph in the Old Testament, and Jesus in the New Testament, had the same Holy Spirit helping them, leading them, guiding and preventing them from marring their testimony. When it came time to divide up the Promised Land, there was no tribe of Joseph. No, Joseph got two parts. He received a double portion: one in Manasseh and one in Ephraim. That's the way God does things.
Pray and listen. Listen carefully, faithfully. Sure, there must have been days Joseph didn't hear anything, but he listened. Listen to God. Never mind what's going on in the world.
Good ol' Joseph. He was the parallel of Jesus of Nazareth in the Old Testament. That mission he worked on his brothers was amazing; it is miraculous the way he got them to confess. Joseph had a great life. Would you exchange your comfortable life for a destiny, a trip to Egypt, to a dungeon? The dungeon was a second basement floor to the leader of the guard. It was only accessible by a rope. Water and food were let down by rope. No bathrooms. No fresh air. Nope. Forget that! Here Joseph cheerfully served his fellow prisoners – a picture of Jesus serving the halt, the maimed, the blind, the captive.


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純度:>95% (HPLC),形状:solid,化学式:C18H27NO3,M.W.:305.41,溶解性:Soluble in ethanol, benzene, ether or chloroform.
純度:>98% (HPLC),化学式:C29H38O4,M.W.:450.6,形状:solid,溶解性:Soluble in DMSO, ethanol or dimethylformamide. Insoluble in water.
純度:>98 (NMR),化学式:C15H15NO2,M.W.:241.3,形状:solid,溶解性:Soluble in DMSO or methanol. Insoluble in water.
αグルコシダーゼ阻害物質で、抗糖尿病・抗高脂血症作用を有する。マウスで褐色脂肪組織の活性化を示す。純度:>98% (NMR),形状:solid,化学式:C8H17NO5,M.W.:207.2,溶解性:Soluble in water or DMSO.
純度:>95% (HPLC),化学式:C101H152N28O22S2 . C2HF3O2,M.W.:2174.6 . 114.0,形状:solid,溶解性:Soluble in water.
純度:>98% (HPLC),化学式:C29H53NO5,M.W.:495.7,形状:solid,溶解性:Soluble in DMSO, ethanol or DMF.


text:
Birmingham firefighter released from ICU
Lt. Andrew Johnson to begin rehab
Updated: 9:16 AM CDT Aug 15, 2016
James Eckhardt, Jr.
Director, Digital Producer
A Birmingham firefighter is out of the ICU after he was injured more than a week ago fighting a fire.Lt. Andrew Johnson was admitted to the ICU after his breathing apparatus malfunctioned and he breathed in gases and other debris from the fire.Johnson thanked people for their support and prayers in a post on Facebook.He works for the Birmingham and Warrior fire departments.
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. —
A Birmingham firefighter is out of the ICU after he was injured more than a week ago fighting a fire.
Lt. Andrew Johnson was admitted to the ICU after his breathing apparatus malfunctioned and he breathed in gases and other debris from the fire.
Firefighter hospitalized after battling early-morning fire
Johnson thanked people for their support and prayers in a post on Facebook.
He works for the Birmingham and Warrior fire departments.


"It seemed an advantage to be traveling alone. Our responses to the world are crucially molded by the company we keep, for we temper our curiosity to fit in with the expectations of others. They may have particular visions of who we are and hence may subtly prevent certain sides of us from emerging… Being closely observed by a companion can also inhibit our observation of others; then, too, we may become caught up in adjusting ourselves to the companions questions and remarks, or feel the need to make ourselves seem more normal than is good for our curiosity."
Several other sites also mention the benefits of solo travel, including Ubertramp, who has written about the pros and cons of traveling alone. It sounds like an incredible experience with amazing benefits, but I keep coming back to the idea that I want to share my experiences with someone else. I don't doubt that I would learn even more about myself if I was on my own, responsible for all the decisions, but I would miss the chance to turn to my husband or friend and have them share the moment with me.
I don't worry about my curiosity being tempered or having my observations inhibited, either. I hope both will be enriched by having someone else to bounce ideas off of. Having a travel partner with different strengths might cause me to slack in those areas, but it might also encourage me to try something new.
One thing that does worry me is being considered less approachable than a solo traveler. I can also see how it would be too easy to interact only with each other and not meet other people. Since meeting other people, travelers or locals, is such a great part of traveling, I don't want to miss out on those opportunities. Hopefully just being friendly to the people we see will help counteract this downside, because for me, the advantages of traveling with a partner outweigh the disadvantages.
Although I won't be planning any solo trips myself, I do enjoy reading about them (Tales of a Female Nomad, Vroom with a View, and McCarthy's Bar), so I'll continue to search out books and blogs with interesting stories of people traveling alone.


text:
Q: .NET Roles and IIS7 In IIS7, I click on .NET Roles and I see a list of my Roles, but when I click a Role, no Users show up, the page is blank.  I have added the users to the role and it does show the correct count next to the role name.
Is these somehting I am missing?
Does anyone else share this problem?
Is this a bug?
Thank for any help!

A: This is normal behaviour. The .NET roles section manages the role providers but not the users in roles. You will need to use the standard membership controls within pages to manage the users. think of all the management actions on the asp.net section as basically editing the web.config file. It is all about config rather than application management.


text:
package coding.question.two.filecounter;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;

import coding.question.three.collections.Bag;

/**
 * @author Fabio Rizzello
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class TextAnalyzer{

	static int length = 0x0000FFF; 						//4095 bytes, size of file ASCII
	static final String FILE_UTF8 = "textfile.txt"; 	// file UTF-8
	static Bag<String> bsw;

	/**
	 * Reads a file and shows the top 10 most used words.
	 * It works with UTF-8 encoding and with word delimiters
	 * @param <T>
	 * @param file the file to read
	 */
	public static Bag<String> readUTF8(String file) {
		// initialize Bag data structure
		bsw = new Bag<String>();
		try{
			// open the file
			FileInputStream fstream = new FileInputStream(file);
			DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(fstream);
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));

			// read file line by line
			String strLine;
			while ((strLine = br.readLine()) != null){
				// take all characters of different languages (UTF-8), exclude punctuation
				strLine=strLine.toLowerCase().replaceAll("[^\u0041-\uFF5A]", " ");
				StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(strLine);
				while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
					// add to bag
					bsw.add(st.nextToken());
				}
			}
			// close input stream
			in.close();
			return bsw;
		}
		catch (FileNotFoundException e){System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());}
		catch (Exception e){System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Shows the top n words.
	 */
	private static void showResults(Bag<String> bsw,int top){
		bsw.sort();
		bsw.printElements(top);
	}

	/**
	 * (Optional) Executes the Memory Mapped I/O.
	 * @param file the file to read/write
	 */
	public static void readMemoryMapped(String file) {
		try {
			// opening file in read+write mode
			MappedByteBuffer out = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw").getChannel()
			.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, length);
			/*for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
				// write character or end line
				if((i%60)!=0){out.put((byte)87);}
				else {out.put((byte)'\n');}*/
			System.out.println("Finished writing");
			for(int i = 0; i < length; i+=1)
				System.out.print((char)out.get(i));
		}
		catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
		catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
	}

	/**
	 *  (Optional)Reads a file storing intermediate data into an array.
	 *  @param file the file to be read
	 *  @return a file data
	 *  @throws FileNotFoundException
	 */
	public static byte[] readLargeData(String file) throws Exception,FileNotFoundException {
		InputStream in = null;
		byte[] out = new byte[0];
		try{
			in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
			// the length of a buffer can vary
			int bufLen = 20000*1024;
			byte[] buf = new byte[bufLen];
			byte[] tmp = null;
			int len    = 0;
			while((len = in.read(buf,0,bufLen)) != -1){
				// extend array
				tmp = new byte[out.length + len];
				// copy data
				System.arraycopy(out,0,tmp,0,out.length);
				System.arraycopy(buf,0,tmp,out.length,len);
				out = tmp;
				tmp = null;
			}
		}
		catch (FileNotFoundException e){e.printStackTrace();}
		catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
		finally{
			// close the stream
			if (in != null) try{ in.close();}catch (Exception e){}
		}
		return out;
	}

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		// reading UTF-8 files with hyphen, word delimiters, ...
		System.out.println("Reading file line by line - TOP 10 Words");
		showResults(readUTF8(FILE_UTF8),5);

		// reading files with Memory Mapped I/O
		System.out.println("Memory Mapped I/O");
		readMemoryMapped(FILE_UTF8);
		System.out.println("\n");

		// reading large files efficiently
		System.out.println("Large Files I/O");
		try {
			byte[] bytes = readLargeData(FILE_UTF8);
			for(int i=0; i<bytes.length;i++){
				if(i%60==0)System.out.println();
				System.out.print(""+(char)bytes[i]);
			}
		}
		catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
	}
}