text:
Q: Spring Boot Multipart File Upload Size Inconsistency I have an endpoint that uploads an image file to the server, then to S3.
When I run on localhost, the MultipartFile byte size is correct, and the upload is successful.
However, the moment I deploy it to my EC2 instance the uploaded file size is incorrect.
Controller Code
@PostMapping("/{id}/photos")
fun addPhotos(@PathVariable("id") id: Long,
              @RequestParam("file") file: MultipartFile,
              jwt: AuthenticationJsonWebToken) = ApiResponse.success(propertyBLL.addPhotos(id, file, jwt))

Within the PropertyBLL.addPhotos method, printing file.size results in the wrong size.
Actual file size is 649305 bytes, however when uploaded to my prod server it reads as 1189763 bytes.

*

*My production server is an AWS EC2 instance, behind Https.

*The Spring application yml files are the same. The only configurations I overrode were the file max size properties.

*I'm using PostMan to Post the request. I'm passing the body as form-data, key named "file".

*Again, it works perfectly when running locally.

I did another test where I wrote the uploaded file to the server so I could compare.
Uploaded file's first n bytes in Hex editor:
EFBFBD50 4E470D0A 1A0A0000 000D4948 44520000 03000000 02400802 000000EF BFBDCC96 01000000 0467414D 410000EF BFBDEFBF BD0BEFBF BD610500 00002063 48524D00 007A2600
Original file's first n bytes:
89504E47 0D0A1A0A 0000000D 49484452 00000300 00000240 08020000 00B5CC96 01000000 0467414D 410000B1 8F0BFC61 05000000 20634852 4D00007A 26000080 840000FA 00000080
They both appear to have the text "PNG" in them and also have the ending EXtdate:modify/create markers.
Per Request, the core contents of addPhoto:
val metadata = ObjectMetadata()
metadata.contentLength = file.size
metadata.contentType = "image/png"
LOGGER.info("Uploading image of size {} bytes, name: {}", file.size, file.originalFilename)
val request = PutObjectRequest(awsProperties.cdnS3Bucket, imageName, file.inputStream, metadata)
awsSdk.putObject(request)

This works when I run web server locally. imageName is just a custom built name. There is other code involving hibernate models, but is not relevant.
Update
This appears to be Https/api proxy related. When I hit the EC2 node's http url, it works fine. However, when I go through the api proxy (https://api.thedomain.com), which proxies to the EC2 node, it fails. I will continue down this path.

A: After more debugging I discovered that when I POST to the EC2 instance directly everything works as expected. Our primary and public api url makes proxies requests through Amazon's API Gateway service. This service for some reason converts the data to Base64 instead of just passing through raw binary data.
I have found documentation to update the API Gateway to passthrough binary data: here.
I am using the Content-Type value of multipart/form-data. Do not forget to also add it in your API Settings where you enable binary support.
I did not have to edit the headers options, additionally I used the default "Method Request Passthrough" template.

And finally, don't forget to deploy your api changes...
It's now working as expected.

A: Sorry, but many of the comments make no sense. file.size will return the size of the uploaded file in bytes, NOT the size of the request (which, yes, due to different filters could potentially be enhanced with additional information and increase in size). Spring can't just magically double the size of a PNG file (in your case adding almost another ~600kb of information on top of whatever you've sent). While I'd like to trust that you know what you're doing and the numbers you are giving us are indeed correct, to me, all evidence points to human error... please, double-, triple-, quadruple- check that you're indeed uploading the same file in all scenarios.
How did you get to 649305 bytes in the first place? Who gave you that number? Was it your code or did you actually look at the file on disk and see how big it was? The only way compression discussions make any sense in this context is if 649305 bytes is the already compressed size of the file when running locally (it's actual size on disk being 1189763 bytes) and indeed, compression not being turned on when deployed to AWS for some reason and you receive the full uncompressed file (we don't even know how you are deploying it... is it really the same as locally? Are you running a standalone .jar in both cases? Are you deploying a .war to AWS perhaps instead? Are you really running the app in the same container and container version in both cases or are you perhaps running Tomcat locally and Jetty on AWS? etc. etc. etc.). Are you sure your Postman request is not messed up and you're not sending something else by accident (or more than you think)?
EDIT:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sandbox</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-file-upload</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

package com.sandbox;

import static org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity.ok;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(final String[] arguments) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class,
                              arguments);
    }

    @RestController
    class ImageRestController {

        @PostMapping(path = "/images")
        ResponseEntity<String> upload(@RequestParam(name = "file") final MultipartFile image) {
            return ok("{\"response\": \"Uploaded image having a size of '" + image.getSize() + "' byte(s).\"}");
        }
    }
}

The example is in Java because it was just faster to put together (the environment is a simple Java environment having the standalone .jar deployed - no extra configs or anything, except for the server port being on 5000). Either way, you can try it out yourself by sending POST requests to http://test123456.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/images
This is my Postman request and the response using the image you've provided:

Everything seems to be looking fine on my AWS EB instance and all the numbers add up as expected. If you are saying your setup is as simple as it sounds then I'm unfortunately just as puzzled as you are. I can only assume that there's more to what you have shared so far (however, I doubt the issue is related to Spring Boot... then it is more likely that it has to do with your AWS configs/setup).

A: CloudFormation Template snippet for achieving Kenny Cason's solution:
  MyApi:
    Type: AWS::Serverless::Api
    Properties:
      BinaryMediaTypes:
        - "multipart/form-data"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


To recap: I've been doing some freelance work which paid no money upfront and which will pay an unpredictable amount of royalties in the future. I asked how to report this on my weekly unemployment claim, and a nice but incorrect lady told me on the phone that I should say Yes I worked and my earnings for the week were $0.00. This resulted in DES paying me nothing for the week, and I've spent most of the month trying to get it corrected -- I've posted about it previously on 01-09 and 01-17.
Well, after the failed phone call of the 17th, I submitted an E-Mail asking for help. A week later, I got a call back. I missed it; I noticed it late the next day and, since it was Friday by then, I didn't get a chance to call back (at last! a phone number for a real person!) until yesterday.
It wasn't what you'd call a productive conversation. We talked in circles; she said I should estimate my earnings and correct them later if the estimate was wrong, I said there was no way for a reliable estimate, she said I should just estimate $240 (a week's unemployment pay) then, I pointed out that well then I'd be SOL if the thing never made that much money, this repeated for awhile until she offered to put me through to her supervisor. I got his voicemail and left a message.
And he got back to me this morning. He told me that, while the lady I'd talked to yesterday was right for the general case (like if, say, I'd built some furniture with intent to sell it), in rare cases like mine where there's no reliable estimate, I shouldn't report the work when I do it, I should only report it when I get the income from it. Which, you know, I'd figured out three weeks ago, but I guess it's nice to get it from an official source after only two letters, two E-Mails, and seven phone calls.
He added -- and I already knew this, too, but it bears mentioning in case any other poor soul winds up in the same predicament -- that the important thing is to make sure I keep looking for work and logging my search, even if I'm working on a freelance job in the meantime.
So, if you're in Arizona and face the same issue I did -- producing work on a royalties-only basis -- that's the official response from DES: don't report the initial work, report the money as it comes in, and don't stop looking for other work while you're doing it.
I can't vouch for other states. If you're not in Arizona...well, typically I'd say "You should ask your state's DES," but to be perfectly honest asking is what got me into this mess in the first damn place. So if I were offering a recommendation, it'd be do it the same way: keep looking for a day job, don't report the royalty gig until the money comes in. (Obviously if you're getting money upfront, as most people working for royalties do, do report that; I'm only speaking of cases where you get just royalties with no stipend/advance/etc.) If it turns out that's not the way it works in your state, I think you're better off apologizing and correcting it later.
It should go without saying that this isn't legal advice, it's advice from an out-of-work computer scientist who just spent most of a month trying to get an unemployment check. Like most of what's on this site, it's worth exactly what you paid for it.


text:
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Manager\Entity\Common\Assignments;

use AppBundle\Entity\Assignments\NewsletterUserNewsletterGroupAssignment;
use AppBundle\Entity\Main\NewsletterGroup;
use AppBundle\Entity\Main\NewsletterUser;
use AppBundle\Manager\Entity\Base\AssignmentManager;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

class NewsletterUserNewsletterGroupAssignmentManager extends AssignmentManager {

	public function createFromRequest(Request $request) {
		$entry = parent::createFromRequest($request);
		/** @var NewsletterUserNewsletterGroupAssignment $entry */

		$entry->setNewsletterUser($this->paramsManager->getParamByClass($request, NewsletterUser::class));
		$entry->setNewsletterGroup($this->paramsManager->getParamByClass($request, NewsletterGroup::class));

		return $entry;
	}

	public function createFromTemplate($template) {
		$entry = parent::createFromTemplate($template);
		/** @var NewsletterUserNewsletterGroupAssignment $entry */

		$entry->setNewsletterUser($template->getNewsletterUser());
		$entry->setNewsletterGroup($template->getNewsletterGroup());

		return $entry;
	}

	protected function getEntityType() {
		return NewsletterUserNewsletterGroupAssignment::class;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
State v. Smith, 2014 Ohio 2057 (OH Ct. App. 2014)
Defendant: Smith
STATE OF OHIO, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE vs. DAMON SMITH, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO, EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT, CUYAHOGA COUNTY
2014 Ohio 2057; 2014 Ohio App. LEXIS 1996
May 15, 2014, Released and Journalized
COUNSEL:
FOR APPELLANT: Stephen L. Miles, Rocky River, Ohio.
FOR APPELLEE: Timothy J. McGinty, Cuyahoga County Prosecutor, Kristin Karkutt, Edward D. Brydle, Assistant County Prosecutors, Cleveland, Ohio.
BEFORE: Jones, P.J., Keough, J., and Stewart, J. KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., and MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR.
OPINION BY: LARRY A. JONES, SR.
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.:
Defendant-appellant Damon Smith appeals his involuntary manslaughter and felonious assault convictions. We affirm.
In 2012, Smith and codefendant Cynthia Robinson were charged with two counts of murder and two counts of felonious assault. Prior to trial, Robinson pleaded guilty to aggravated assault and was placed on three years of community control sanctions. State v. Robinson, Cuyahoga C.P. CR-12-568038-B. Smith's case proceeded to a jury trial at which the following pertinent evidence was presented.
Robinson and her boyfriend, Melvin Jackson, went over to Smith's apartment to watch television. According to Robinson, the three of them drank beer and liquor, and smoked crack cocaine. At some point, Robinson and Jackson began arguing and the argument turned physical.
Either Smith or Robinson called 911. The 911 operator overheard screaming and "a fight going on." The call was transferred to Cleveland EMS; Smith told the dispatcher that he was "cut," and he needed the police to get someone out of his house. Jackson was heard in the background during the calls; twice he stated "I can't breathe."
A few minutes after Smith's conversation with EMS, the Cleveland police called back; Robinson answered the phone. The dispatcher asked Robinson what happened and she replied "I don't know," "We need your help," and "I don't understand."
Smith got on the phone and said: "Right now, I'm holding down somebody * * * I'm holding somebody down * * * right now he's not fighting * * * right now I need this person out of my house." During this call, Jackson could not be heard in the background.
Paramedic Larry Boyer testified that when he and a fellow paramedic arrived at Smith's apartment, Smith and Robinson were waiting outside. Smith told Boyer that his friend was upset and inside "tearing up the place." Smith appeared "relaxed and calm." Because the situation might be dangerous, Boyer testified he was supposed to wait for police to arrive before he entered the apartment. However, Boyer and his coworker entered the apartment after two to three minutes without police assistance because they did not hear any noise emanating from the interior of the apartment. Neither Smith nor Robinson requested medical attention nor stated that Jackson might be injured.
Boyer found Jackson kneeling on the floor, facedown on a couch cushion. Boyer could not find a pulse; Boyer and his fellow paramedic spent 21 minutes unsuccessfully trying to revive Jackson. Jackson was transported to the hospital where he was pronounced dead.
Smith told the responding police officer that Jackson and Robinson had been arguing about a time when Jackson hit Robinson. The argument became physical and Jackson tried to choke Robinson. Smith told the officer he tried to defend Robinson and Jackson hit him in the face, so he put Jackson in a chokehold and Jackson somehow tripped on the carpet.
The forensic pathologist testified that she found bruising around Jackson's neck and internal bruising on both sides of his head by his jaw. The internal bruising was most likely caused by blunt force trauma, which the pathologist testified could have been from
a blow to the right side of his head and a separate blow to the left side of his head by some blunt object that caused a bruise, or it could [have been] one impact to one side of his head while the other side of his head was held in place by a wall or a floor or some other broad, flat surface so he would have sustained two bruises from one impact.
The pathologist further testified Jackson had cuts on his right hand and burst blood vessels in his right eye. The pathologist opined that the cause of death was asphyxia due to cervical compression and burst blood vessels in the eye are often seen in cases of cervical compression. She testified that when the vessels of the neck are compressed, "loss of consciousness can occur relatively quickly, in as little as ten seconds. Usually, it's a little bit longer than that, but a minute or two at the longest." The pathologist testified that, based on her findings, if pressure is continually applied following loss of consciousness, eventually the person will stop breathing and die, which is what occurred with Jackson.
The toxicologist testified that Jackson's blood alcohol level was 0.163 and he had metabolites of cocaine in his system, but was most likely not under the influence of cocaine at the time of this death.
Smith sought medical treatment after the incident. His medical records indicated that "[p]atient states there was a fight in my crib. I got hit and fell and caught myself on left hand. Patient states he does not know what cut him."
Detective Timothy Entenok arrived at the crime scene after Jackson was transported to the hospital. He noted that the apartment was cluttered and dirty but he saw no signs of a struggle and did not initially recover any weapons. The detective located two crack pipes on Smith's bedroom dresser.
Detective Entenok interviewed Smith at the station; he described him as being "calm and cooperative." Smith told the detective that he had a sword that he used to try to scare Jackson, but he did not cut him with it. After this interview, police recovered the sword hidden behind Smith's couch, the sword had blood on the blade. During his second interview, Smith told the detective that Jackson made a sweeping move at the sword and cut himself.
The forensic scientist who performed the DNA tests on the evidence recovered from Smith's apartment testified that she could not exclude Smith as a contributor of the DNA found under Jackson's fingernails on his right hand. The blood found on the handle and blade of the sword, a washcloth, and watch taken from the apartment belonged to Smith.
Robinson testified that she had known Smith for seven or eight years but had only known Jackson a short while and they had a tumultuous relationship. She and Jackson went to Smith's apartment to watch football the night of his death. She bought a bottle of liquor and Smith got some drugs. They drank beer, liquor, and smoked the drugs. She and Jackson argued about her mother and his treatment of her (Robinson). According to Robinson, she was sitting and watching the game when, all of the sudden, she looked over and saw Smith on the floor. Jackson was preventing Smith from using the bathroom. Robinson testified she got up and put herself between the two men, but Jackson hit her in her face "three or four times" and pulled her hair. Smith told Jackson to stop and he and Jackson started "tussling" on the couch.
Robinson testified that she called 911. At some point after calling 911, she checked Jackson's pulse, which "wasn't strong, but it was there." Robinson admitted she cleaned up the beer cans and put Smith's crack pipes on his dresser before police arrived. She denied hiding the sword and claimed she never saw Smith brandish the sword, she only saw it lying on the floor after Smith cut himself.
Robinson testified she remembered Jackson saying, at one point, "Stop, I can't breathe." She claimed Jackson never choked her nor did she put Jackson in a chokehold; Smith was the one who held him down. She further testified she was afraid for her life because Jackson was acting "enraged."
Smith testified that he got up to use the bathroom when Robinson and Jackson were arguing about a past fight. Jackson told him to sit down, which he did, but he then got up again to go to the bathroom. It was at this time, according to Smith, that Jackson hit him and then turned to assault Robinson. Smith got his sword, and swung it at Jackson to get his attention. Smith testified that Jackson grabbed the sword by the blade, but Smith was able to drop the sword to the floor, cutting his own wrist in the process. Smith testified that he then called 911.
According to Smith, Jackson was assaulting Robinson again, so Smith put him in a chokehold. Smith claimed that he released Jackson after Jackson stopped resisting and did not choke him further or hold him after this point. Once Jackson stopped resisting, Smith got up to tend to his injuries. He claimed he stayed inside the apartment until EMS arrived and hurried the paramedic inside to treat Jackson.
Smith denied smoking crack cocaine that evening and testified that the paramedic was being untruthful about what happened that evening. Smith insisted Jackson did in fact choke Robinson and then Robinson had Jackson in a chokehold and held him down. He claimed he was acting in self-defense and in defense of Robinson. He admitted he put Jackson in a chokehold but Jackson never went limp. He further admitted he never checked on Jackson after he stopped resisting even though Jackson was no longer moving, testifying he thought the "alcohol got the best of him [Jackson]."
The jury convicted Smith of one count of involuntary manslaughter as a lesser included offense of murder and one count of felonious assault but acquitted him of the rest of the charges. The state stipulated that the convictions were allied offenses of similar import and elected to proceed to sentencing on the felonious assault conviction.
The trial court sentenced Smith to five years in prison.
Smith filed a timely notice of appeal.
II. Assignments of Error
I. The appellant's convictions for involuntary manslaughter and felonious assault were against the manifest weight of the evidence.
II. Whether the trial court erred by not instructing the jury on aggravated assault.
III. Whether the appellant received ineffective assistance of counsel.
III. Law and Analysis
Manifest Weight
In the first assignment of error, Smith argues that his convictions were against the manifest weight of the evidence.
In a manifest weight analysis, an appellate court "reviews the entire record, weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and * * * resolves conflicts in the evidence." State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 1997 Ohio 52, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). A court reviewing questions of weight is not required to view the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, but may consider and weigh all of the evidence produced at trial. Id. at 390 (Cook, J., concurring). An appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of the jury, but must find that the jury "clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered." Id. at 387. "Special deference given in a manifest-weight review attaches to the conclusion reached by the trier of fact." Id. at 390 (Cook, J., concurring). Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight grounds is reserved for "the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction." Id. at 387.
The jury found Smith guilty of involuntary manslaughter, in violation of R.C. 2903.04(B), that prohibits any person from causing the death of another as a proximate result of the offender's committing or attempting to commit a misdemeanor of any degree; in this case, the indictment listed the misdemeanor of assault. The jury also found Smith guilty of felonious assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1), that prohibits any person from causing serious physical harm to another.
Smith argues that the jury lost its way because it rejected his claim of self-defense. To establish self-defense, the defendant must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) he was not at fault in creating the situation giving rise to the affray; (2) he had a bona fide belief that he was in imminent danger of great bodily harm and that his only means of escape from such danger was in the use of such force; and (3) he must not have violated any duty to retreat or avoid danger. State v. Williford, 49 Ohio St.3d 247, 249, 551 N.E.2d 1279 (1990); see also State v. Robbins, 58 Ohio St.2d 74, 388 N.E.2d 755 (1979), paragraph two of the syllabus. The elements of self-defense are cumulative and "'[i]f the defendant fails to prove any one of these elements by a preponderance of the evidence, he has failed to demonstrate that he acted in self-defense."' (Emphasis deleted.) Williford at id., quoting State v. Jackson, 22 Ohio St.3d 281, 284, 22 Ohio B. 452, 490 N.E.2d 893 (1986).
Smith claims that he was acting in self-defense when he tried to scare Jackson off with the sword and then placed him in a chokehold. He points to the facts that he called 911 and was cooperative with police to support his self-defense claim.
We are reminded, however, that although an appellate court does consider the credibility of the witnesses in addressing a manifest weight of the evidence argument, it is the trier of fact that "is best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony." State v. Williams, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94965, 2013-Ohio-4471, ∂ 23, appeal not allowed, 2014-Ohio-889, 138 Ohio St. 3d 1434, 4 N.E.3d 1051, citing State v. Ross, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98763, 2013-Ohio-3130, ∂ 30. Therefore, the reviewing court affords great deference to the trier of fact's determination of witness credibility. Williams at id. citing Ross.
Immediately following the incident and during the investigation, Smith gave police inconsistent descriptions of the evening's events. During his first video-recorded interview with police, Smith stated that Jackson did not come into contact with the sword. The next day, after the detectives told Smith that Jackson sustained cuts to his right hand, Smith told the detectives that Jackson had made a "karate move" and grabbed the sword's blade. He told the detectives they would find Jackson's DNA on the sword. But the only DNA recovered from the sword belonged to Smith.
Also during his first interview with police, which lasted over an hour, Smith never told police that Robinson choked Jackson. After finding out Jackson's cause of death, Smith insisted that Robinson had Jackson in a chokehold before he did.
Smith also testified that he did not smoke crack cocaine on that night and the crack pipes on his dresser did not belong to him. But Robinson testified that Smith bought the drugs with her money, the three of them smoked the crack cocaine, and she put the crack pipes where Smith usually kept them, on his dresser, before police arrived.
Smith also testified that he ran outside the apartment to flag down the ambulance and hurry the paramedics inside to assist Jackson. The paramedic, however, testified that Smith was outside, appeared calm, and told him that Jackson was inside "tearing the place up." The paramedic also stated that Smith never told him that Jackson needed medical attention, even though Smith later told police he waited in the apartment 10 to 12 minutes before EMS arrived and Jackson never moved.
Smith testified that as soon as Jackson stopped trying to hit him, he let him go but Jackson never went limp. The forensic pathologist contradicted this testimony when she testified that when a person loses consciousness, their body usually goes limp. Again, Jackson's cause of death was asphyxia due to cervical compression, or from having the vessels in his neck compressed. The pathologist testified that if the force is removed from around the neck after the body goes limp, blood flow is restored and a person would regain consciousness. But if the pressure is not removed, within four to five minutes the person would stop breathing, suffer irreversible brain damage, and die.
The pathologist opined that because the pressure on Jackson's neck was continually applied following loss of consciousness, he eventually stopped breathing and died. During the initial 911 call, Jackson twice stated he could not breathe. During the 911 callback, Smith told the dispatcher he was holding Jackson down and Jackson was no longer fighting, but Jackson could no longer be heard in the background. The state's theory was that Smith choked Jackson until he lost consciousness, continued to choke him until he stopped breathing, and then left him facedown in the couch cushion, further obstructing his airway.
The jury was given the opportunity to assess Smith's credibility and the validity of his self-defense claim. Faced with conflicting evidence, the jury chose to reject Smith's claims. Based on the totality of the evidence presented at trial, it is reasonable that the jury found the state's witnesses and Robinson's testimony more credible than Smith's. We therefore cannot say that this is an exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against conviction.
The first assignment of error is overruled.
In the second assignment of error, Smith argues that the trial court erred when it failed to instruct the jury on the crime of aggravated assault, an inferior degree of felonious assault.
We initially note that Smith never requested the instruction at trial; therefore, we review this issue under the plain error standard. See State v. Willis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99735, 2014-Ohio-114, ∂ 40; State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27, 2002-Ohio-68, 759 N.E.2d 1240.
Under Crim.R. 52(B), plain errors affecting substantial rights may be noticed by an appellate court even though they were not brought to the attention of the trial court. To constitute plain error, there must be: (1) an error, i.e., a deviation from a legal rule, (2) that is plain or obvious, and (3) that affected substantial rights, i.e., affected the outcome of the trial. Barnes at id. Courts are to notice plain error under Crim.R. 52(B), "with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice." (Citation omitted.) Id.
R.C. 2903.12, which prohibits aggravated assault, provides, in part:
(A) No person, while under the influence of sudden passion or in a sudden fit of rage, either of which is brought on by serious provocation occasioned by the victim that is reasonably sufficient to incite the person into using deadly force, shall knowingly:
(1) Cause serious physical harm to another * * *;
(2) Cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another * * * by means of a deadly weapon * * * .
Aggravated assault is an inferior degree offense of felonious assault. State v. Horton, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25407, 2013-Ohio-3902, ∂ 52, citing State v. Bostick, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25853, 2012-Ohio-5048. Thus, "in a trial for felonious assault, where the defendant presents sufficient evidence of serious provocation, an instruction on aggravated assault must be given to the jury." Bostick at ∂ 6. "Provocation, to be serious, must be reasonably sufficient to bring on extreme stress and the provocation must be reasonably sufficient to incite or to arouse the defendant into using deadly force." Horton at id, citing State v. Deem, 40 Ohio St.3d 205, 211, 533 N.E.2d 294 (1988).
In determining whether the provocation was reasonably sufficient to incite the defendant into using deadly force, the court must consider the emotional and mental state of the defendant and the conditions and circumstances that surrounded the defendant at the time. State v. Booker, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-10-1140, 2013-Ohio-45, ∂ 26, appeal not allowed, 136 Ohio St.3d 1512, 2013-Ohio-4657, 995 N.E.2d 1214, citing State v. Mabry, 5 Ohio App.3d 13, 5 Ohio B. 14, 449 N.E.2d 16 (8th Dist.1982).
Courts have further divided the analysis of whether the provocation was reasonably sufficient to prompt sudden passion or fit of rage into an objective prong and a subjective prong. See Booker; State v. Shane, 63 Ohio St.3d 630, 590 N.E.2d 272 (1992). For the objective prong, the provocation must be "sufficient to arouse the passions of an ordinary person beyond the power of his or her control." Shane at 634. As to the subjective prong, the inquiry is "whether the defendant in the particular case 'actually was under the influence of sudden passion or in a sudden fit of rage[.]"' State v. Mack, 82 Ohio St.3d 198, 201, 1998 Ohio 375, 694 N.E.2d 1328 (1998), quoting Shane at 634-635.
In Horton, the Sixth Appellate District declined to find plain error because the evidence did not indicate that the appellant was subjectively under the influence of sudden passion or in a sudden fit of rage to incite the use of deadly force. The appellant testified that he intentionally fired shots in the victim's direction because he feared for the safety of another. The court noted that the appellant's testimony, which indicated that he acted out of fear, was "'insufficient to demonstrate the kind of emotional state necessary to constitute sudden passion or fit of rage."' Id. citing Mack at 201.
Therefore, the Horton court reasoned, "even if the events leading up to the shootings could be viewed as sufficiently provocative under an objective standard in the instant case," there was no evidence that the appellant "subjectively acted under the influence of sudden passion or fit of rage brought on by serious provocation occasioned by the victim that was reasonably sufficient to incite defendant into using deadly force." Id. at ∂ 54.
In Booker, supra, the appellant shot two people, one of whom survived. The appellant claimed that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on aggravated assault; the appellate court reviewed his claim for plain error. The appellate court found that the appellant's testimony, that the surviving victim "pistol whipped" and robbed appellant during a drug deal, was for the most part corroborated by the surviving victim and an eyewitness. Id. at ∂ 28. The court noted that despite the victim's actions, the appellant admitted that he was not mad after being hit by the victim, only afraid.
The court determined that the record contained no evidence that the appellant's actions were influenced by sudden passion or fit of rage at the time he shot the victims. Therefore, the court concluded, as the Horton court did, that even if the events leading up to the shootings could be viewed as sufficiently provocative under an objective standard, there was no evidence that appellant subjectively acted under the influence of sudden passion or fit of rage brought on by serious provocation occasioned by the victim that was reasonably sufficient to incite the appellant into using deadly force. Id. at ∂ 28.
As applied to this case, we find no plain error in the omission of aggravated assault in the jury instructions. Smith never testified to a version of events that would lead one to believe that he acted out of a sudden fit of rage brought on by provocation from Jackson. Smith testified: "I wasn't going to let him fight me or hit me anymore. It was to protect myself and tell him it was time to go." Smith testified he was "calm" after Jackson stopped fighting him and "calm" when EMS showed up; the paramedic corroborated this testimony by stating that Smith was "calm and relaxed" when EMS arrived.
Thus, even if the events leading up to Smith placing Jackson in a chokehold could be viewed as sufficient provocation under an objective standard, there was no evidence that Smith subjectively acted under the influence of sudden passion or fit of rage brought on by serious provocation by Jackson that was reasonably sufficient to incite Smith into using deadly force. See Horton at ∂ 54; Booker at id.
Moreover, Smith's theory of the case was that he acted in self-defense when he placed Jackson in a chokehold. The mental states of fear as required for self-defense and rage as required for aggravated assault are incompatible. State v. Cremeans, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22009, 2005-Ohio-261, ∂ 16. As such, many districts in Ohio have held that self-defense and aggravated assault instructions should not be given together in most situations. State v. Krug, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2008-L-085, 2009-Ohio-3815; State v. Cremeans, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22009, 2005-Ohio-261; State v. Owens, 5th Dist. Richland No. 2004-CA-87, 2005-Ohio-4402; State v. Coffman, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 98AP-259 and 98AP-280, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 5418 (Nov. 10, 1998); compare State v. Perry, 5th Dist. Licking No. 01CA23, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 3652 (Aug. 17, 2001) (noting that an aggravated assault instruction could be given in a self-defense case, where circumstances are such that the defendant exceeded the amount of force necessary for his defense, out of passion or rage).1
In light of the above, there was no plain error by the trial court's failure to instruct the jury on aggravated assault. The second assignment of error is overruled.
Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel
In the third assignment of error, Smith claims that he was afforded ineffective assistance of trial counsel because counsel did not request a jury instruction on aggravated assault.
We review a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under the two-part test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, an appellant must demonstrate that his counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation; and if so, show there was a reasonable probability that his counsel's errors affected the outcome of the proceedings. Id. Further, judicial scrutiny of a lawyer's performance must be highly deferential. State v. Sallie, 81 Ohio St.3d 673, 674, 1998 Ohio 343, 693 N.E.2d 267 (1998). Therefore, "a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy." Strickland at 688.
In this case, trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to request the court to instruct the jury on aggravated assault. In addition to our not finding plain error in the omission of an aggravated assault instruction to the jury under the second assignment of error, the decision to request a jury instruction on a lesser included (or inferior degree) offense constitutes trial strategy and does not provide a basis for claiming ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Owens, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98165, 2012-Ohio-5887, ∂ 17, citing State v. Griffie, 74 Ohio St.3d 332, 333, 1996 Ohio 71, 658 N.E.2d 764 (1996). Again, Smith's theory of the case was that he acted in defense of himself and Robinson, which counsel could have logically decided was inconsistent with requesting a jury instruction on aggravated assault.
Therefore, the third assignment of error is overruled.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., PRESIDING JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., and
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR
1 A cursory review of our district's case law revealed that jury instructions on voluntary manslaughter and self-defense were in error because the two legal theories are incompatible. Voluntary manslaughter, like aggravated assault, requires that the defendant be under the influence of sudden passion or a fit of rage, while self-defense requires the defendant to be in fear for his or her own personal safety. See State v. Jefferson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97331, 2012-Ohio-2387, ∂ 26, 971 N.E.2d 469; see also State v. Williamson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95732, 2011-Ohio-4095; State v. Loyed, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 83075, 2004-Ohio-3961.
By Andrew Branca| 2014-11-14T12:58:14+00:00	November 14th, 2014|0 Comments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Health For All And By All
By Political Insights April 6, 2018 April 6, 2018
Leave a Comment on Health For All And By All
Through a conscious effort by the World Health Organization and the international community overall, many strides have been made in global health. With World Health Day approaching, Ana Zhelyazkova reflects on the achievements and the path forward in the realm of global health.
BY: ANA ZHELYAZKOVA
The annual World Health Day, April 7th, has a certain nicety this year as the World Health Organization (WHO) will be observing 70 years since its establishment. With the WHO being the official United Nations agency to direct and coordinate international health, the tasks and responsibilities of the Organization have been expanding in quantity and relevance year by year. However, one specific trend can be observed in the work of the WHO since 1948 – the priorities have been gradually shifting from mitigating the spread of naturally occurring health hazards to controlling the damage done by human (in)action.
From Awareness to Persuasion
Since the very beginning of international health cooperation, vaccination coverage has been a top priority. While success stories such as the eradication of Smallpox have been an effective tool in promoting vaccines in the 20th century, the life-saving benefits of immunization have been under a series of attacks in past years by anti-vaccination movements in industrialized countries. Despite the relatively high availability and low costs of vaccines in a majority of European countries, the continent continues to observe an unexpectedly high incidence of preventable infectious diseases. The recurring measles epidemic puts a distressing highlight on the problem. As children below the age of 1 are too young to receive the first vaccine and most of those below the age of 5 have not yet received the second recommended dose, they rely on the vaccination coverage of the whole population (so called "herd immunity") to prevent the disease from spreading. In cases of compromised herd immunity, infants and children are faced with the highest risk of getting infected, experiencing severe complications and even death. Accordingly, the lower immunization coverage in Europe has led to a threefold increase of reported Measles cases in 2017 compared to 2016 and 2015 (amounting to 14.732 cases and 57 deaths for last year only) with infants below the age of 1 being the most affected, followed only by children under 15 years who have not received one or both of the recommended vaccinations – a clear indication of the magnitude of the problem.
Having recognized the damaging potential of the anti-vaccination rhetoric, the WHO promptly developed the necessary counter measures: the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) adopted in 2012 marked the beginning of a communication campaign for the promotion of immunization. With the argument of risk versus benefit still being the main determinant for vaccine hesitancy, the Organization retaliates against anti-vaccination movements with a mix of direct and indirect messaging focused on the benefits of vaccination and the accuracy of scientific data. From implementing more delicately messaging tactics, such as highlighting the benefits, successes and relevance of vaccines in its resources on the topic, to setting the theme of the upcoming World Immunization Week to "#VaccinesWork", the Organization is determined to truly prevent preventable infectious diseases from spreading.
The New Communicable Diseases
While the impact of infectious diseases is gradually decreasing, another group of diseases have been continuing to strengthen their effect on individuals and on health systems worldwide. The steady increase in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has claimed the leading spot for chronic conditions among the top ten causes of mortality in the world and has set a new priority for the international community. In the case of overweight and obesity alone, the rapid upsurge of the number of affected children and adults has led to a tripling of the percentage of people with excessive weight since 1975, now causing more deaths globally than underweight. With NCDs currently accounting for 70% of deaths worldwide (88% in high-income countries), the annual global economic impact driven by human behavior amounts to over $5 trillion.
Although chronic conditions can be visibly tracked back to individual behavioral patterns, thus, making them communicable via behavior, the root cause of and solution to the NCD epidemic bears resemblance to the actions taken to streamline the prevention of infectious diseases – providing access first, then preventing high-risk behavior. "Individual responsibility can only have its full effect where people have access to a healthy lifestyle", states the WHO as the Organization has actively begun working with countries to implement population-wide health promoting policies – from trade and regulatory measures limiting access to high-risk products (e.g. tobacco, sweetened drinks), to challenging the marketing approaches of the private sector. Some Member States have already committed to the voluntary #beatNCDs campaign of the WHO, which will be reviewed during this year's United Nations General Assembly.
The developments in the incidence and, subsequently, preventive efforts on communicable and noncommunicable diseases are evolving in concurrence. Furthermore, while the environment had been previously observed as the setting in the context of which diseases break out and spread, it has gradually become one of the main health risk factors itself. With 92% of the world's population living in places exceeding the WHO guideline limits, air pollution is now linked to three times as many premature deaths as AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria combined and a loss of labor income amounting to $225 billion per year.
In addition to the health hazards deriving from environmental contamination and climate change, indirect implications of extreme weather are amplifying the long-term consequences for population health, domestic economies and even security worldwide. Between 2008 and 2016 alone, approximately 21.8 million people annually were reported to be internally displaced due to sudden onset of extreme weather, with people in low- and middle-income countries being up to five times more likely to be affected. The staggering number of climate refugees from regions already pre-exposed to destabilization exacerbates the implementation of monitoring, preventive and controlling health measures, as well as hinders the improvement of quality of life by averting progress on the social determinants of health.
Despite the increasing number and depth of global cooperation on environmental preservation and WHO's extensive work on the topic since 2008, the Organization raised the alarm at the beginning of 2018 as a further partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme was announced, making climate change and health one of the main issues the Organization is collaborating with other stakeholders on.
Although #HealthForAll, the theme of this year's World Health Day, has been the umbrella term for WHO's work since 1948, the unavoidable shift in the focus areas and the approaches the Organization had to adopt in the past decades leads to the conclusion that at this decisive point, the WHO goals can only be achieved if all involved actors collaborate. In that sense, the Organization has been reliant on the fact that Health For All equals Health By All.
Ana Zhelyazkova is a student in the Master of Public Health program of Ludwig-Maximilians University. She also serves as Social Engagement Coordinator for the Association for UN Interns, New York, student employee at the Max-Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy and volunteer for the German branch of Médecins du Monde.
Tags: Awareness Global Health Global Vaccine Action Plan Health By All Health for All Health4All Noncommunicable Diseases Preventable Infectious Diseases Vaccination VaccinesWork WHO World Health Day
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Paul L. Howard, Jr.
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GANG DEFENDANTS PLEAD GUILTY TO MURDER OF FORMER BOXING CHAMPION O'NEIL BELL
July 16, 2019 July 16, 2019 Office of Public Affairs
Defendants fatally shot victim during an armed robbery
Atlanta—Fulton County District Attorney Paul L. Howard, Jr. announces the GUILTY PLEAS of 22-year-old TYCORION DAVIS and 22-year-old QUINTAVIUS ROBINSON.
On November 25, 2015, former boxing champion, 40-year-old O'Neil Bell and a 28-year-old man exited a MARTA bus near the intersection of Harbin Road and Campbellton Road in Atlanta. Bell and the other man were walking northbound on Harbin Road when a red PT Cruiser with dark tinted windows pulled up beside them. Inside the vehicle were Tycorion Davis and Quintavius Robinson. The defendants exited the PT Cruiser and robbed the man who was walking behind Bell at gunpoint before turning their attention to the former boxing star. As they approached Bell, he relinquished his black bag but became embroiled in a physical altercation with the defendants during the armed robbery. As the fight continued, Davis and Robinson shot Bell in the chest, and he died at the scene. As Robinson and Davis were fleeing the area, they managed to fire an additional shot which struck the 28-year-old man, but he survived the shooting.
The murder of Bell was the commencement of a crime spree which began on the morning of November 24, 2015, when 20-year-old Cortez Williams stole the red PT Cruiser from a driveway in East Point. At 7:05pm on November 24, 2015, Robinson and Williams proceeded to rob a woman at gunpoint who was exiting a MARTA bus. At 10:50pm Robinson, Davis, and Williams committed another armed robbery and carjacking of a mother and daughter in Clayton County. Just after midnight on November 25, 2015, Robinson and Davis dropped off Williams at his home before they robbed and fatally shot Bell. The following day the PT Cruiser was found abandoned and the fingerprints of all three defendants were discovered inside the vehicle. Williams later pleaded guilty to armed robbery for his role in the crime spree and was sentenced to 15 years to serve 8 years in prison.
Following their arrests, Williams told police that prior to Bell's murder Davis said,
"I am going to kill someone."
Robinson followed Davis' statement by saying,
"I am with you."
Davis and Robinson both admitted their actions were the result of an attempt to elevate their status within the Atlanta criminal street gang of which they were members.
O'Neil Bell was a Jamaican professional boxer who competed from 1998 to 2011 and held the undisputed cruiserweight title and the lineal cruiserweight title in 2006. Bell amassed a total fighting record of 27 wins, 4 losses, and 1 draw.
DAVIS AND ROBINSON pleaded guilty to MURDER, ARMED ROBBERY, and PARTICIPATION IN CRIMINAL STREET GANG ACTIVITY.
Robinson was sentenced to 35 years in prison.
Davis was sentenced to 40 years to serve 35 in prison.
Judge Kevin Farmer, of the Superior Court of Fulton County, presided over the case. Senior Assistant District Attorney Brett Pinion led the prosecution of the case. He was assisted by Assistant District Kelcee Jones-Connor, Investigator Bernice Higgins, and Victim-Witness Advocate Patricia Cardoso of the Fulton County District Attorney's Office. Atlanta Police Detective M. Young led the investigation of this case.
Written by Office of Public Affairs
DEFENDANT SEX TRAFFICKED VICTIM, RAPED HER AT KNIFEPOINT
GANG MEMBERS PLEAD GUILTY TO SHOOTING AND PARALYZING A 5-YEAR-OLD GIRL WHO WAS IN A BOUNCY HOUSE DURING A BIRTHDAY PARTY
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DAYCARE PROVIDER MURDERS BABY THREE DAYS PRIOR TO HIS FIRST BIRTHDAY; PARENTS HAD JUST INFORMED DAYCARE PROVIDER OF THEIR INTENTIONS TO FIND CARE ELSEWHERE
FEARFUL HIS SECRET BOYFRIEND WAS ENDING RELATIONSHIP, DEFENDANT SHOOTS LOVER IN THE HEAD AND HIDES THE BODY
FIRST DEFENDANT RELEASED FROM PRISON DUE TO WORK OF FULTON DA'S CONVICTION INTEGRITY UNIT, RECEIVES SURPRISE JOB OFFER FROM TYLER PERRY
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Fulton County District Attorney


Was 9/11 This Generation's Pearl Harbor?
There are chilling similarities – but fundamental differences too.
Ask yourself: which event had a more significant effect on the United States? The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 or the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in September 2001?
Both attacks came with little forewarning and no single provocation.
Both attacks were against major U.S. structures.
Both attacks killed thousands of Americans, on scales eerily similar: 2,403 Americans on that awful Sunday in 1941 and 2,605 Americans (out of 2,996 victims) on that dreadful Tuesday in 2001.
Both attacks led to long wars, with catastrophic death tolls.


text:
Podcasting Tutorials
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How to Reverse Engineer SEO Success – Britney Muller
Pete McPherson
This post likely contains affiliate links. Click here for more info.
Today's podcast guest is Moz.com's "Senior SEO Scientist," data and link building nerd, and "great content guru" Britney Muller!
Follow her on Twitter why don't ya?
This is easily one of my favorite episodes in recent history, especially if you're into SEO.
We chat about (click to jump to the transcript)
On-page factors that work in 2020?
Using 3rd party sites (Medium? Slideshare?) to build links and drive traffic.
Content for SEO: How to make it work!
Generating backlinks through "link-intent" articles.
Britney's awesome. SEO is awesome. This episode is awesome.
Listen to my episode with Britney Muller from Moz!
or listen on Apple Podcasts \ Google Podcasts \ Spotify
Here are some curated transcript excerpts!
What are the on-page SEO factors that matter in 2020?
Pete: A lot of what I really enjoy is how to shape the content that ranks–specifically for on-site, on-page optimization. And then a little bit of keyword and competitive research.
I feel like, but I think this is always been the case with beginner to intermediate bloggers and SEOs–what content do I need to produce?
Like, what are the factors, on page SEO, etc? What is important now, as opposed to five or six years ago?
Britney: Such a good question. There are a million ways to do that.
I would definitely try to root the beginnings of a post concept in some data.
So whether it be Search Console, something you see converting really well for your keywords. And maybe it doesn't rank as good. That's one of my favorite go-to's–you basically export your Google Search Console data and you look at keywords that are maybe at the very tail end of page one or off on to page two, but convert really high, you have these opportunities, but Google's not surfacing them to their full potential, I would focus on revamping some of those and just providing really, reallhigh–qualityty value. So I'm a big believer of taking the time to create high quality content versus a frequent output of content.
The big opportunity in refreshing existing content.
Pete: Yeah. It's interesting that that's the first words out of your mouth are looking at existing content and revamping that as opposed to publishing new content.
Britney: I think that if you're already an established website with SEO content that does fairly well, like Moz, that is our biggest opportunity is looking at what content previously did well with our audience. And how can or be refurbish it for other platforms. So there's no reason why a really high like high traffic post can't be converted into a slideshare. There's no reason why that SlideShare couldn't be tweaked and put into a video on YouTube. There's no reason why you couldn't have someone just record the audio version, and start to refurbish this to expand your reach and expand that net of qualified traffic. Yeah,
Pete: So okay, let's say somebody has a post that on page two, or like bottom of page one or something like that for a medium keyword or whatnot. But they have none of that? What's the little checklist you've already mentioned? Like one or two, but why is this important? as well? Yeah. Where would you point folks to go first?
Britney: Yeah, so I might backtrack just a second to sort of paint this full picture. But what I did at my agency that I had spun off and started for our medical clients is, myself and my employees, we would sit down, and we would really work on hard to understand the client, like to understand the website goals, and even the ROI behind that, what are what's our work going to be measured on. And then we focused really hard on reverse engineering that.
So for an example, we worked with several plastic surgeons, and we discovered that, okay, the funnel is very interesting, someone might consider an elective procedure for years, and then wake up one day and sort of want it yesterday. And from there, they start to do some research. And Funny enough, after digging, and after looking at data and interviewing patients, we did, we discovered that people only search for two things before booking a consultation.
And that was before and after photos, and price.
And so we actually flipped that acquisition funnel on its head. And I said, why would we not focus on that? First? Why would we not try to add content about the range of price for these procedures, and provide custom content on these different before and after photos per se, male in his mid 40s, versus this procedure for a woman and her 30–you can do all this stuff.
And just by that alone, we had been driving just from that work with SEO content alone, we started driving so many leads that they they stopped taking consultations, because they can only take this clinic with up to three months out. Otherwise, everybody was more apt to go see someone else or someone that had more availability. So that in and of itself worked really, really well.
And I think that says a lot about really rooting yourself in understanding what it's all about, right? What are those goals?
And similarly, we were working with stem cell doctors who would basically use adult stem cells for joint therapy and different treatments. And what we did there was, we discovered, you know, it's kind of this really confusing space. So we focused on creating content that really simplified it, what is stem cell therapy, what you know, we also create content for alternative knee replacement, therapy, all of these terms to sort of educate the audience.
And then from there, we, we created really simple slideshows, basically decks that we have put on SlideShare. And at the time, it would rank so far above the clients website, that I knew we could leverage that slideshare. com or slideshare. net, or whatever it is. And they got most of their qualified traffic, the stem cell client, from slideshare.
And that was a big kind of aha moment, because it was this really beautiful way of simplifying the complex medical client content, basically, and driving it from there. So I think it's really just experimenting and seeing what platforms and what content works. For your website that you're working on.
Using 3rd party platforms to build links and drive qualified traffic to your site:
Pete: Okay, I thought I had another question here. But I don't think I do. Okay, so that's cool. jump over to like 2020. that's currently like mid March or so? Does this still work like skill? Not skills to SlideShare? And just other mediums do? Do those still tend to like outrank your own website? If you did it correctly, and it was a good piece of content or whatnot? Does that still happen? I feel like it kind of dropped off there for a while.
Britney: It definitely has dropped off. I think it really depends on your website and your position in the industry. So that was always one of my favorite hacks, was seeing what platforms are in what websites are ranking so far above you in the space in which you're trying to rank? And how can you have a voice on there, like even things like Cora, or Reddit, or whatever it is that, is basically a platform above your current position and search, it might be worth exploring to see if your target market is involved there and how you can provide real value.
I would also highly suggest checking out some of Ross Simmons, recent work. He just spoke at search, love and gave an incredible talk about just rethinking content. And he is all for experimentation and trying things out on these various platforms and seeing what works. And yeah, I think he packaged it up in his slide, that maybe we can put in the show notes or something. But I think revisiting the same old platforms, in sort of a new light can bring so much value to a content strategy.
So what he says is–just be a bystander for a while, see what is the most uploaded content in your space on those platforms. His example was read it and he was looking at various spaces. And you can even do like site colon searches within Reddit and see what are the most up-voted conversations that include that website, really cool stuff, and then repackaging and rethinking that same content in a new light, you can do very, very well.
Content for SEO: Package it to be easily consumed.
Okay, so if we were writing an amazing blog post for SEO, on how to produce how to how to shake content that ranks or something like that. So we've already talked about a little bit understanding. We could talk for like three hours on user intent, but we won't, but just understanding the broad strategy of like, what is already working a little bit what can be improved upon, looking at how we can expand into these different mediums that might improve our own rankings, as well as drive traffic to like our other posts or whatnot. There's anything stand out in this magical make believe blog posts that are writing in terms of actually shaping content? didn't miss anything?
Britney: Yeah. Okay, I would just say, putting it together in a way that is really, really easy to consume. I think that is really underappreciated
In sort of the digital content realms, as far as just making really, really solid subtitles,
and packaging it up in a way that really makes sense for a reader just skimming it on their cell phone, and providing different options of multimedia. You don't know everyone's use case, when they're on your page, they could be on the bus on the way to work or walking to the grocery store, and they would prefer to listen to an audio version and of that page, or maybe they want to flip through some slides. You know, I think it's interesting to experiment with repurposing even on your own page to see what's working with your with your viewers.
The advantages of NOT being an expert.
But I do want to say to it, like, as far as beginners go, I think it's all too common. Like, I have imposter syndrome all the time. And I think for beginners, yeah. Like, all the time, even now to this podcast, like, I have those thoughts. But I think it's so important to explain to any beginners out there anyone early in your career, trying to get traction in this space, you have every opportunity, as the "experts in the field." In fact, you might even have more opportunity than you think. Because so many people that are advanced in the field are focusing on, the pucks go and over here, and they've forgotten about some of these basics. There is no reason why you can't come in and blow everyone's mind with a really powerful piece of content that's been well thought out, that will connect and resonate with people. I realized this can be super overwhelming, but the opportunities available are, are out there for everyone. I love this.
Pete: Yes. Yes. And not only that, but I feel like a bunch of the "experts" in different fields, just the sheer ling, and language. By the way, I'm totally guilty at this nothing. I'm a huge expert, by the way, wait, I have an expert. That was my own self-doubt and imposter syndrome coming to light. And we start that sentence over. I felt guilty to this as well, just using normal blogging terms, that even SEO terms that I will still get, like little comments and like emails about like, what does this mean? Like people who just start this, that no idea, like what these words are with this lingo is, and law cases, I feel like that's another advantage people who are relatively new to learning something and then-teaching it or helping somebody else along the path. You don't have to present yourself as an expert, but you might actually have a unique angle on something that is easier to understand,
Britney: which, in my opinion, so cute completely, completely. And do you start to notice like with the experts here, interviewing and stuff as they evolve in their careers, I, at least from my perspective, I'm curious to hear what you think a lot of people become sort of those plumbers with leaky faucets. They stopped doing the actual work because they're so focused on speaking at conferences, or creating different content here and there that they're really lost sight of some of this powerful beginner stuff.
Generating backlinks through "link-intent" content:
But I want to talk about backlinks. This was the thing, a bunch of people finds this extraordinarily easy because they're in a niche that kind of supports "spammy outreach emails," right? Or that are in what I consider to be like some of the hardest niches without like blogging and digital marketing and stuff like that, where everybody you're reaching out to also gets like a ton of these outreach emails, etc. So I want to ask, I can actually just link to part two parts five, or six or seven is one of the last parts and the beginner's guide on mas. I actually thought it was really, really helpful. Stating why Google doesn't really like spammy links, we normally have to go into that. It's like that's pretty black and white, I can actually just link to that. But in 2020, and going forward, specifically for bloggers like content, not really ecommerce, but just SEO bloggers looking to grow their organic reach, what are some of the most effective or non-spammy opportunities out there? What would like the top three things like what would you tell people to focus on the most?
Britney: Oh, my gosh, I love this question. That's awesome. So the first thing that comes to mind is the most, it's the easiest thing you could possibly do from a content perspective to get links. This involves zero outrage. And it, in fact, is just evaluating and researching keywords with link intent. So keywords with link intent are things like your industry, statistics, your topic facts, it's finding the keywords that have statistics, facts, data, other things that have link intent built in between because people are putting resources together and they want to link out and reference research, they want to reference a statistic. They want to reference a fact. So I, I've always been fascinated by that in and of itself, and just baking that into your content strategy. Because zero outreach sounds pretty good.
Outreach sucks. It just sucks. And unless you're going to go the really high quality route where it's super personalized, you're creating content to replace older content that has done very well. You're just you're going to have a tough time. So I definitely suggest creating those really powerful statistics, facts resources on your site. I think repurposing is also an easy way to gain links from other platforms and potential shares elsewhere. I think that's another easy outreach tactic that you can do.
Pete: I love this. But I can hear the voices of my readers sending me nasty messages. Now, that sounds so hard. Britney, is also difficult. Where would you recommend people start? I'm assuming it doesn't have to be like, I spend months and months and months doing this, like really in depth research. And like, hiring developers to track something or emailing 10,000 people in my niche? Or I'm assuming it doesn't have to be that involved that data? Where would you recommend people start any specific questions that they could ask themselves to discover maybe some topics that they that would be the statistics post or facts or different data? Stuff like that?
Britney: Yeah, yeah, I totally, totally see what you're saying. And my, my answer to that would be, you should round up what's already available. Because chances are, it's not just on one site.
There are various companies and various people out there that have done different research, and they've delved into this already for you, you're basically packaging it up with a really nice bow on top, and referencing them. But if you're going into this with the right mindset, there's no reason why you could grab all of the best statistics and recent facts and whatnot. And you could house the most recent, blah, blah, blah, statistics for 2020. There's no reason that average Joe can't just do a little research and round that up on your own without doing surveys without doing questionnaires. There's already such great stuff out there.
An old example of accidental "link-intent" content from Pete's old PF blog:
Pete: So years ago, I had a personal finance blog for about a year and a half, two years. And I kind of did SEO on accident. Like this was not me, being incredibly intentional and just dominating an SEO strategy. It was kind of I really cared about the content. And that ended up performing pretty well. One of which was me creating a one question, Google Form. It was on personal finance.
So the question was something like a bunch of people are going to steal this now because I have some personal finance listeners. It was "What is your biggest problem on money?" or something like that.
Literally, just one question. And I had an email list at that time, it was like, as probably like less than four or 500 people total, like max, I probably got, like, 50 responses from that. I was like, Oh, this is awesome. I also shared it like with my friends and family, because they all knew I had the blog, shared it on Facebook or whatnot, there was only like, less than 100 responses, probably like 70 or 80.
But I wrote up the post, I thought it was an interesting one person, only one person out of that was like, I literally have no money problems. We are so blessed. Like I made a lot of money. And we say well, and like literally like somebody one person said that and everybody else had like, some normal stuff, like not saving enough or of living paycheck to paycheck, or whatever the answers were. It's pretty normal stuff. That and thinking back I got at least three or four backlinks from Wow, what was it? It was like, life hacker was the first one that picked it up. What? And then third is still out there. You can actually go look at I think there's like two or three others. I don't remember what they were. But this is like, I was not I didn't know what link intent was. So I just thought was kind of fun and cool.
Britney: Wow. That I mean, that does go to speak on how powerful just a little bit of effort on something like that provides is incredible
The other thing that I think is often overlooked is getting to meet people in real life, right? Or at a conference or even just having conversations with people like this. You and I have never met before. But I feel like I'm starting to get an idea of who Pete is. Right?
But I think what's cool is if you want a backlink from us, we now have this established connection. There's no reason why you couldn't find an old broken link on a blog post and show me a better, updated version. And why wouldn't I swap that out? So I do think things like that work, but you have to have an established relationship or be you start out just helping that person. And then far too often, we just see the spamming email outreach asking for links are trying to pay for links, and it just doesn't typically work like that.
Pete: So Glen Allsopp and I spoke last week on the podcast. But that was something that completely blew my mind when I talked to Glen. So I knew about Detailed.com, and I've been kind of watching him start and kind of position that and draw it over the best you to us, I was a little confused at what that was trying to add specifically. So I asked him and our podcast and he's straight upset.
Like Pete, I was making a bet. And I still am–that the future specifically link building we were talking about. He's like, the link building guy. Now he's betting his money on the fact that building real relationships is like, going to be the future of link building.
He was betting on that and building his company around that too. And I was like, Hmm, I would not have guessed that coming from your mouth. But you guys just said like the same thing, like getting to know people in real life that could turn into partnerships or collaborations are podcast interviews, or all sorts of stuff, guest posts, even Hey, okay.
Britney: Because it's already networks in place of groups of people who do that for each other. And it's just like a group of industry friends, they have no problems linking out to another member of this group, because that group often links to their things, right. So it's, there's already this sort of reciprocal established network of people who genuinely want to provide value to their readers. And they know that "so and so" has a really great piece of content out right now that I could easily link to providing value to both my readership and to hopefully, their authority as a website.
Where does Britney see SEO moving in the future?
Pete: What does the future of SEO look like? Let's say December of this year 2019. And going into 2020? Do you see any trends that are going to change things, the activities we do as SEOs and bloggers and stuff? Any thoughts on that?
Britney: Yeah, I'm the only thing I would probably suggest there is that watching how Google has changed and morphed SERPs today, right, we're seeing more featured snippets, we're seeing more people also ask boxes. It's a stickier experience in general, and they're trying to provide all the answers, I really do see the shift of people that currently are invested in FAQ, pages for their site, are going to continue to see benefit of having real estate in the search results or invoice because Google wants these quick answers these summarized versions of things to provide to users.
And quite frankly, if you're not going to provide that someone else will.
And so I have always been a big advocate of know what those questions are, and provide really solid pre summaries of the answers for not only your users and your content, but to sort of spoon feed that into Google, so that you could expand your reach there.
Pete: So side note on that this is actually something I am not too knowledgeable about at all, for the most part.
So let's say you had your keywords or whatnot. And let's say you use something like answer the public or I think you can actually do this in the Mostel, I'm not sure what that is good. Both of you come up with a few questions–three to five questions that are really common.
How do you actually present those in a post? How do you recommend like formatting? Like you put those in a stories doesn't matter?
Britney: Yeah, really good question. I think it varies. I think if it's a FAQ page, you can do it a number of ways and mark it up with the q amp, a schema markup. But if you're summarizing content in a post, which I highly suggest everyone do, that can honestly live at the bottom, or at the top. I haven't checked this in a little while. But if you do, if you do a search for how to lose weight fast, there is this one page that is in the featured snippet for all sorts of like fast weight loss queries. And they have just overtaken it because they've got this long form content. And then really, really great summarize takeaways at the bottom. And that post has fascinated me and I see it in other spaces as well. So definitely taking any of your long form SEO content, any of just your regular content, but providing really, to or too long didn't read right summaries at the bottom or up at the top for people to take away and for Google to use for different features, snippets that we might not even predict will be coming out in the future. Right?
Pete: Yes. And it also helps readers.
Britney: Yes. And I totally agree. Yeah!
And where does Pete see SEO content going?
Britney: I want to ask you real quick, though, cuz I'm saying I'm so curious to get your thoughts on where you see content going in the future. Like I feel like you have so much experience talking to all these industry people? What are some things that you've heard or kind of are keeping a pulse on?
Pete: So in that case, I think I can just finish my seven minute rant, and that'll answer your question. Yes, Leo, I have always been of the thought that good content. I'm just like, "good content." Yeah. Meaning content that's shareable and answers user intent, and is written well, and formatted well, and like all this other stuff, "good content," right? I feel that it rewards both real human beings, and the bots, whether that's Google bots, or any other months that you're doing YouTube videos, to YouTube.
I feel like in the future, the bots are going to be smarter and smarter and smarter and more and more human. Meaning that if you produce your concept to help other real human beings, it's going to grow. And Google in the long run, theoretically, yeah, that's my theory.
My, my rant is that at the moment, we're not there yet.
And I still see I'm not going to name names. But I see a lot of content that I personally don't approve of that. I know the people behind the content. And their intent was not to help users at all, it was ranked number one in Google and get affiliate income or get Wow, XYZ. Yeah. Yes, that's, that's totally okay. For on one hand, right. Like people go to Google to search for products or for any sort of purchase intent, like I get that. But I still feel like people are "gaming the system?"
A little bit. Yes. Rank brain is smarter. Yes. Google getting smarter. Yes, boss moral and more like humans every single hour? Probably, but we're not there yet.
So it frustrate me frustrates me a little bit. But I keep reminding anybody who listens to this podcast, if you're in this will the shirt short term anyways? Just stop? Yeah, for the long term else, don't do it, go get some other career and being that for the long term, or whatever it is, 15 years from now. I want to still be here and showing up and doing the right work. And I, I pray that I will be rewarded for that with reaching bots, like every two minutes. So that's my toe.
Britney: Yeah, that is such a good point Pete I love that. And I mean, we kind of see that happening in local anyways, we see putting less emphasis on links, and more emphasis on real world data, right foot traffic purchase history. How long people were there? Is this a reoccurring customer? What percentage? And that's how they've been determining more local results? Why wouldn't they try to apply some of that real world? User data and play exactly what you say? Are you helping people?
Pete: Last question here. What do you wish other bloggers would stop doing immediately?
Britney: Oh, I don't even have to think about that one. It's just so in my face every single day. I am so sick of roundups, please stop the roundups.
And it's like I used to do it right. It's brilliant ego bait. It is then so overused in our industry, maybe it works great. And other industries, maybe do it somewhere else. But at least in the SEO space, it is just it's exhausting. And it's been circulated among speakers in this space and sort of higher-ups, the different companies that we will no longer be participating and roundups that ask us for content or, you know, unless they are these hand few sites. You know, it just it also feels a bit lazy to be totally candid. Yeah, I just stopped to do better.
Because you can I mean, it's it's not that difficult to do some extra heavy lifting, and just put something have way more value together. You know, and I also love the idea of, you know, really connect with your audience and think about how they feel consuming some of your content. I always love the idea of using personalized content, whether it be geo-specific information or a piece of content that was shared at search love was, you know, enter your name in here and see what position to rank for the most criminal names, like what your name is most known for, in terms of breaking the law. I thought that was fascinating. But that you know that that interactive, engaging, personalized content goes so far. so far.
Britney: Oh, that's brilliant. And I'm all for that. I guess I wasn't super clear on the round upset I was referring to but the follow them. It's all about people around us. That drives me crazy. Because then I don't even know I'm in around up and I get inundated with these emails and Twitter messages about hey, you're in this like you should share this, etc
That's all for today, bloggers! Did you reach this far? Do people actually pay attention to podcast transcripts? I'd be curious to know 🙂
I've been trying to focus on improving the SEO on my 10 year old blog this year. I never did a thing about it until now and it shows. So, when I see an article like this, I definitely spend some time on it. I didn't read it word for word, but I skimmed through it. Got a few more bullet point ideas in my head. Thanks for taking the time to go through it and post the transcription.
Pete McPherson says:
Ha! I was JUST wondering "am I completely wasting my time with this transcription-ing?"
Appreciate that MB! Glad you found it useful 🙂
(and keep me posted on your SEO progress!)
Sudarsan Reddy says:
I usually like reading more than listening to podcasts so the transcript is definitely useful. 🙂
Argh. Such handy information to have. Thank you Sudarsan!
Brendan Hufford says:
I'm the most judgmental and skeptical person I know when it comes to SEO and can I just say how much I loved this? I'm so glad you and Britney got into everything she knows about SEO with CONCRETE examples. The parasite/barnacle/search monopoly idea of ranking Slideshare/Medium over your website is still VERY real and highly effective. Also, I love your focus on "intent" when it comes to search. I'd love to hear more and more about what that means because I still think people don't have a great understanding of it and it's power over just "keywords." Great discussion B&P!
Aw. Thanks B.
You're quite literally becoming one of my faves, btw.
<3!
Also, if your readers want a few GREAT ideas on creating content that attracts links, this is PERFECT: https://www.smartpassiveincome.com/seo-in-2017/
You'll recognize the author 😉
PS – Lol at "skyscraper = copycat" formula.
Shakti Lima says:
This is a good read. Though the transcript of the podcast was quite a new experience for me to read & was interesting and informative.
Learning SEO is always exciting for me and learned something new in this article as well.
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I. am. in.
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Energy Management for Climate Change Abatement.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Financial Institutions: A Road to Sustainable Economic Development.
Management Student's Perception Towards Entrepreneurship Current Scenario.
Investors Perception of Investment Facilitation Service Quality: A Study of Lake Zone, Tanzania.
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The Financial Performance of Cement Sector.
Ethics of Leaders Behaviour Now and Then Get Job Satisfaction: Case Study of Tata Steel.
Portrayal of Modern Management Principles in Hinduism.
Job Satisfaction: A Key To High Performance.
Dimensional Study of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.
Work Life Balance with Special Reference to Women Employees.
A Study on Impact of Emotional Intelligence of Faculty in Engineering Colleges.
Ulchi Venkata Sumalatha, and Vinothkumar, K. R.
An Analysis of Employee Attitude on Pay and Performance Appraisal with Reference to Self Financing Engineering Colleges, Tamil Nadu.
Conflict Resolution Techniques: A General Survey.
Aspects of Green Marketing: A Prospect for India.
The New Age Human Resources In Indian Tourism.


I'm very excited to announce that The National Literacy Trust have launched a new poetry competition for children ages 5-11, as part of their Premier League Reading Stars campaign – Premier League Writing Stars. The school children are being asked to write around the theme of resilience; what does it mean to them to try and try again?
The first 1,000 schools that enter the competition will receive a fabulous bespoke 'Book Bag' full of books, including OUR BOOK; Reaching the Stars (Macmillan) by Jan Dean, Michaela Morgan and me!
Entries can be any form of poetic writing including a rap or lyrics. Teachers and parents can register or nominate their child's school to take part here, so get going and get your young people writing!
← National Poetry Day 2017 – Free the Poem Event, Exeter Library!


Our very special "Couples" 20th Anniversary Gift package includes two real 11" platinum dipped roses set in our "Princess" crystal bud vase. Each rose is freshly cut at the height of its bloom and then preserved in platinum. Add a personalized message to one or two heart charms that hang from the rose blooms for a custom touch. She (or he) will love the perfect gift of everlasting platinum roses for a 20th anniversary, a birthday, Valentine's Day, Christmas, or any occasion.


Too often we associate mathematics with computation. Of course computation is vital, but math encompasses so much more: problem solving; pattern; order; measurement; spatial relationships; symmetry. Statistics, data analysis and graphing – tools necessary to remain informed citizens of a democracy – are another part of its broad scope. This is important knowledge to impart to every child.
But how do we interest children in learning mathematics?
Research has shown that forming connections reinforces knowledge and deepens understanding. Relating lessons in science, finance or art to concepts of mathematics allows children to internalize the interrelated nature of these disciplines. Lessons in history can allow them to see the progression of mathematics in time.
Literature, too, can provide a meaningful context for mathematics.
Literature, good literature, speaks to the heart of a child and can develop the important connections that reinforce knowledge. A good story could help children realize the variety of situations in which people use mathematics for real purposes or provide a way for them to make mathematics learning personal.
And more: a good story or a silly rhyme can make math lessons fun!
At MathWord Press we are committed to using literature to teach common core concepts in math. And we adhere to one additional caveat: we must choose good literature. If we're going to introduce children to a book, we have the responsibility to make it a good book.


Come in and join us for a day of crafting beautiful, vintage inspired Valentine projects! We will have a lagre variety of kits to choose from - cards, banners, decor and more. Craft your projects in store or take kits home to complete later!
Please bring your own basic supplies - scissors, cutters, adhesive, chalks or inks, etc. Prices vary (starting at $5) each kit priced seperatly.
As with any event at Ever After, there will also be freshly baked treats and drinks available for you to enjoy as you craft and shop!
We've stocked up on chipboard albums and metal embellishments. We love the industrial look of metal on projects, or add a pretty knob to your album to make it complete!
You asked and we listened! We will be adding more RIBBON to our booth. We've found the perfect ribbon holder that will fit quite nicely into our space at Ever After - we can't wait to fill it up with pretty new ribbon!!!
We've stocked up on Valentine paper, embellishments and so much more! Stop in and check out Authentique's Beloved collection and Pebbles Funny Valentine, we're sure you'll fall in love!
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I wanted to let you know I'll be in the shop working tomorrow, Monday Jan. 2. Hope to see you!


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Dr. Bernard Leduc took office as president and Chief Executive Officer of Hôpital Montfort, in Ottawa, on January 4, 2010. The hospital is a francophone acute care teaching hospital.
Previously, Dr. Leduc served as chief-of-staff at Hôpital Montfort from January 2004 to January 2010. Dr. Leduc has 27 years of experience in the practice of family medicine. He obtained his Executive Masters in Business Administration (EMBA) from Queen's University in January 2010.
In 2004, Dr. Leduc was awarded the Irwin Bean Award, given to the individual in the group of eligible practitioners who obtained the highest score on the certification examination in family medicine of the College of Family Physicians of Canada. He is co-recipient of the Teacher of the Year 2006-2007 Award of the Program of Family Medicine, Hôpital Montfort. In 2010, he was awarded the Ralph E. Giffin Award for his contribution to the Queen's Executive MBA Ottawa program.
Dr. Leduc sits on many Boards of Trustees. He is Board Chair of the Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA). He is also a surveyor for Accreditation Canada.


text:
Q: How to delete lines from file after reading it? I have a code like this -
     > for line in `cat file.txt`;do
     /*if line-1 dosomething-1 */
     /*if line-2 dosomething-2 */
     /* if line-3 dosomething-3 */
     //Parsing 3 lines I would like to remove them from file - how to do that?
     //Parse - line4
     //Parse - line5
     //Parse - line6
     //now delete above 3 lines again & repeat the process till eof.\
     done

I just need to delete the lines after its processed

A: You can't change a file as you're reading it, so you'll need to output the entries you want to keep to a new file (or stdout), and skip the entries you don't.   Then the resulting file can be processed further with only the kept lines.


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text:
package openmods.utils;

import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import java.util.Map;
import net.minecraft.util.EnumFacing;
import net.minecraft.util.math.Vec3i;

public enum Diagonal {
	NW(EnumFacing.NORTH, EnumFacing.WEST),
	NE(EnumFacing.NORTH, EnumFacing.EAST),
	SW(EnumFacing.SOUTH, EnumFacing.WEST),
	SE(EnumFacing.SOUTH, EnumFacing.EAST);

	public final int offsetX;
	public final int offsetY;
	public final int offsetZ;

	private Diagonal(EnumFacing a, EnumFacing b) {
		final Vec3i va = a.getDirectionVec();
		final Vec3i vb = b.getDirectionVec();
		this.offsetX = va.getX() + vb.getX();
		this.offsetY = va.getY() + vb.getY();
		this.offsetZ = va.getZ() + vb.getZ();
	}

	private static final Map<Diagonal, Diagonal> OPPOSITES = Maps.newEnumMap(Diagonal.class);

	private static final Map<Diagonal, Diagonal> CW = Maps.newEnumMap(Diagonal.class);

	private static final Map<Diagonal, Diagonal> CCW = Maps.newEnumMap(Diagonal.class);

	static {
		OPPOSITES.put(NW, SE);
		OPPOSITES.put(SE, NW);
		OPPOSITES.put(NE, SW);
		OPPOSITES.put(SW, NE);

		CW.put(NW, SW);
		CW.put(SW, SE);
		CW.put(SE, NE);
		CW.put(NE, NW);

		CCW.put(NW, NE);
		CCW.put(NE, SE);
		CCW.put(SE, SW);
		CCW.put(SW, NW);
	}

	public Diagonal getOpposite() {
		return OPPOSITES.get(this);
	}

	public Diagonal rotateCW() {
		return CW.get(this);
	}

	public Diagonal rotateCCW() {
		return CCW.get(this);
	}

	public static final Diagonal[] VALUES = values();
}