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Home/Top Blogs/15 Top International Relations RSS Feeds in 2021
15 Top International Relations RSS Feeds in 2021
The following is the 15 Top International Relations RSS Feeds in 2020 recommended by Eztoolset.com:
1. Global Issues RSS Feed
About : – Global Issues provides insights into global issues that may be misrepresented but are all closely related. List of topics covered include social, political, economic and environmental issues, including human rights, economy, trade, globalization, poverty, environment and health related issues.
Link : http://www.globalissues.org/news/feed
Site Link : http://www.globalissues.org/
2. Australian Institute of International Affairs RSS Feed
About : – The Australian Institute of International Affairs (AIIA) is an independent, non-profit organisation seeking to promote interest in and understanding of international affairs in Australia.
Link : http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/?feed=atom
Site Link : http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/
3. Security News Desk RSS Feed
About : – Launched in January 2011, SecurityNewsDesk.com is a news and product information portal for the entire security industry. Security News Desk covers everything from company news and products to legislation, regulation and best practice.
Link : http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/feed
Site Link : https://securitynewsdesk.com/latest-news/
4. World Affairs Journal RSS Feed
Location : Washington, DC
Link : http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/feed
Site Link : http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog
5. LSE International Relations Blog RSS Feed
About : – LSE International Relations is a forum for those interested in increasing the impact of social sciences on government policy, society, and business.
Since : Jan 2010
Link : https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/internationalrelations/feed/
Site Link : https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/internationalrelations/
6. Brookings | International Affairs RSS Feed
Location : Washington, United States
About : – The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, DC. which brings together more than 300 leading experts in government and academia from all over the world who provide the highest quality research, policy recommendations, and analysis on a full range of public policy issues.
Link : https://www.brookings.edu/topic/international-affairs/feed
Site Link : https://www.brookings.edu/topic/international-affairs/
7. E-International Relations Blog RSS Feed
About : – E-International Relations is the world's leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics. We publish a range of original content including books, articles, blogs, student essays, book reviews and interviews with leading scholars.
Link : https://www.e-ir.info/category/blogs/feed
Site Link : https://www.e-ir.info/category/blogs/
8. Ethics & International Affairs RSS Feed
Location : New York City
About : – The aim of Ethics & International Affairs, is to help close the gap between theory and practice by publishing original articles, essays, and book reviews that integrate rigorous thinking about principles of justice and morality into discussions of practical dilemmas related to current policy developments, global institutional arrangements, and the conduct of important international actors.
Link : https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/feed
Site Link : https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/blog/
9. Forbes | World Affairs RSS Feed
Location : New York, NY
Link : https://www.forbes.com/world-affairs/feed2
Site Link : https://www.forbes.com/world-affairs/
10. The Institute of International and European Affairs RSS Feed
About : – The Institute of International and European Affairs is Ireland's leading think tank on European and International affairs. It is an independent, not-for-profit organisation with charitable status. Its aim is to provide a forum for those with an interest in strategic planning in Irish Foreign and EU policy, and to evaluate and disseminate strategic policy options in these areas.
Link : https://www.iiea.com/feed
Site Link : https://www.iiea.com/
11. The New York Times | International Relations RSS Feed
About : – Follow us to keep up with News on International Relations, including commentary and articles published in The New York Times.
Link : https://www.nytimes.com/svc/collections/v1/publish/http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/international-relations/rss.xml
Site Link : https://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/international-relations
12. OpenCanada.org | International Affairs Explained RSS Feed
About : – OpenCanada.org is a publication of the Canadian International Council, the Centre for International Governance Innovation and the Bill Graham Centre. They produce multimedia content to explain, analyze and tell stories about the increasingly complex and rapidly shifting world of foreign policy and international affairs.
Link : https://www.opencanada.org/feed
Site Link : https://www.opencanada.org/
13. RAND | International Affairs RSS Feed
Location : Santa Monica, California
About : – The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. It focuses on the issues that matter most such as health, education, national security, international affairs, law and business, the environment, and more
Link : https://www.rand.org/topics/international-affairs.xml/feed
Site Link : https://www.rand.org/topics/international-affairs.html
14. Reddit | International Relations RSS Feed
About : – Reddit is a community of millions of users engaging in the creation of content and the sharing of conversation across tens of thousands of topics. Follow us to keep up with articles on International Relations.
Link : https://www.reddit.com/r/IRstudies/.rss
Site Link : https://www.reddit.com/r/IRstudies/
15. Young Australians in International Affairs RSS Feed
About : – Young Australians in International Affairs aims to connect, engage and empower the next generation of Australian leaders in international affairs.
Link : https://www.youngausint.org.au/feed.xml
Site Link : https://www.youngausint.org.au/
15 Top Flute RSS Feeds in 2021
8 Top Vertigo RSS Feeds in 2021
6 Top Ricoh Forums, Discussions, and Message Boards You Must Follow in (Electronics Company) 2021
9 Top Pleasant Grove (UT) Influencers, Blogs, Podcasts & Youtubers in 2021
112 Top Lifestyle Blogs India To Follow in 2022
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4 Top Gem Forums, Discussions, Message Boards To Follow in 2021
5 Top Burlesque Podcasts You Must Follow in 2021


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NEW YORK — With temperatures approaching what it must have felt like the last time Gotham faced a blackout and could not power any cooling device more advanced than a hand fan, a spectacle of grand design and epic scale would be required to lurch the animal brain out of its sweaty stupor. Enter one Thomas Jacob Hilfiger, who along with his BFF presented a carnivalesque runway show at South Street Seaport. To call it big would be an understatement, the man after all transformed Pier 16 into a evening luna park replete with amusement rides and carnival refreshments, all of which were perfectly reasonable given this collection would be available now. Tommy Now! The casting alone for the show featured scores and scores of models, 11 of whom included Marjan Jonkman, Lineisy Montero, Grace Hartzel, Selena Forrest, Mical Bockru, Binx, Julie Hoomans, Vera Van Erp, Katlin Aas, Wangy, and Yana Van Ginneken. Backstage the mood inside the air-conditioned model tent was especially buoyant as models grooved to the pop anthems pulsing the thick night air. This was a night to savor now and then some.
Credits include: Client, Tommy Hilfiger; Collection, Tommy x Gigi Fall 2016; Clothing design, Tommy Hilfiger, Gigi Hadid; Styling, Karl Templer; Hair, Eugene Souleiman; Makeup, Pat McGrath; Casting, Michelle Lee; Video, Damien Neva at Next Management.


Once you start spelling your FAIR as FAIRE, great things are bound to happen.
The Granada Hills Street FAIRE is happening this Saturday, October 11th, from 10-5 and all of the fun you could possibly wish for will be provided in the form of Food, Music, Arts & Crafts, Health & Wellness, Pet Adoptions, and kid stuff like Face Painting and Ponies. Click here for details and directions.
And it's free to pop by! So that's fair…for a faire.
If you want to check out an expo made for kids, why not go to the one with that exact description in its title? The Kid Expo is being held this weekend and it has over 120 companies featuring family and kids products and services in Santa Clarita.
But there's more than just products, there will be dance, karate, and gymnastics exhibitions, cartoon characters, and so much more. Plus proceeds are going to the Child and Family Center giving mental health services to families in our community.
It's 10/12 from 11-4, $5 for adults, free for kids, perfect for all.
When I say take your kids to Oktoberfest you probably think I'm nutso. Which is a valid point. However, this weekend's beer-themed event actually has a lot of fun stuff for families like Chicken Dancing, Costume Contests, and Authentic German Music.
Oh yeah, plus some tasty beer for you (please drink responsibly with your children around, pretty please?). It's Saturday, October 11th, from 1-5 on Main Street in Old Town Newhall and you can click here for details.
Most of us have a dysfunctional relationship with our socks. At best, we disregard them, at worst, curse their existence when they go rogue in our dryer. How about finding the good in socks by donating new pairs to Family Promise SCV to help the homeless?
It is "Socktober", and that means it's time to participate in the national sock drive to raise awareness about the homeless and keep their feet warm in the winter. It's easy, just gather new socks with your friends, family, school, or neighborhood and call 251-2868 for a pickup.
Help our local shelter and community. You and your socks will feel really good about each other.


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Filtrage par: Total factor productivity Supprimer la restriction Total factor productivity
« Précédente | 1 - 10 sur 747 | Suivante »
Needed: A Theory of Total Factor Productivity
Prescott, Edward C.
Staff report (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Research Department)
This paper evaluates the argument that differences in physical and intangible capital can account for the large international income differences that characterize the world economy today. The finding is that they cannot. Savings rate differences are of minor importance. What is all-important is total factor productivity. In addition, the paper presents industry evidence that total factor productivities differ across countries and time for reasons other than differences in the publicly available stock of technical knowledge. These findings lead me to conclude a theory of TFP is needed. This theory must account for differences in TFP that arise for reasons other than growth in the stock of technical knowledge.
Intangible Capital and Measured Productivity
McGrattan, Ellen R.
Because firms invest heavily in R&D, software, brands, and other intangible assets—at a rate close to that of tangible assets—changes in measured GDP, which does not include all intangible investments, understate the actual changes in total output. If changes in the labor input are more precisely measured, then it is possible to observe little change in measured total factor productivity (TFP) coincidentally with large changes in hours and investment. This mismeasurement leaves business cycle modelers with large and unexplained labor wedges accounting for most of the fluctuations in aggregate data. To address this issue, I incorporate intangible investments into a multi-sector general equilibrium model and parameterize income and cost shares using data from an updated U.S. input and output table, with intangible investments reassigned from intermediate to final uses. I employ maximum likelihood methods and quarterly observations on sectoral gross outputs for the United States over the period 1985–2014 to estimate processes for latent sectoral TFPs—that have common and sector-specific components. Aggregate hours are not used to estimate TFPs, but the model predicts changes in hours that compare well with the actual hours series and account for roughly two-thirds of its standard deviation. I find that sector-specific shocks and industry linkages play an important role in accounting for fluctuations and comovements in aggregate and industry-level U.S. data, and I find that the model's common component of TFP is not correlated at business cycle frequencies with the standard measures of aggregate TFP used in the macroeconomic literature.
Total factor productivity, Business cycles, Intangible investments, and Input-output linkages
D57 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis, E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles, and O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
Catch-up Growth Followed by Stagnation: Mexico, 1950–2010
Kehoe, Timothy Jerome, 1953- and Meza, Felipe
In 1950 Mexico entered an economic takeoff and grew rapidly for more than 30 years. Growth stopped during the crises of 1982–1995, despite major reforms, including liberalization of foreign trade and investment. Since then growth has been modest. We analyze the economic history of Mexico 1877–2010. We conclude that the growth 1950–1981 was driven by urbanization, industrialization, and education and that Mexico would have grown even more rapidly if trade and investment had been liberalized sooner. If Mexico is to resume rapid growth — so that it can approach U.S. levels of income — it needs further reforms.
Economic growth, Mexico, and Total factor productivity
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, O54 - Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean, and N16 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean
Factor Saving Innovation
Boldrin, Michele and Levine, David K.
We study a simple model of factor saving technological innovation in a concave framework. Capital can be used either to reproduce itself or, at additional cost, to produce a higher quality of capital that requires less labor input. If higher quality capital can be produced quickly, we get a model of exogenous balanced growth as a special case. If, however, higher quality capital can be produced slowly, we get a model of endogenous growth in which the growth rate of the economy and the rate of adoption of new technologies are determined by preferences, technology, and initial conditions. Moreover, in the latter case, the process of growth is necessarily uneven, exhibiting a natural cycle with alternating periods of high and low growth. Growth paths and technological innovations also exhibit dependence upon initial conditions. The model provides a step toward a theory of endogenous innovation under conditions of perfect competition.
Processes and incentives, Aggregate productivity, Technological change, One, two and multisector growth models, Choices and consequences, Innovation and invention, and Measurement of economic growth
O30 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General, D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity, D41 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Perfect Competition, O40 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General, and C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
Productivity, Taxes, and Hours Worked in Spain: 1970-2015
Conesa, Juan Carlos and Kehoe, Timothy Jerome, 1953-
In the early 1970s, hours worked per working-age person in Spain were higher than in the United States. Starting in 1975, however, hours worked in Spain fell by 40 percent. We find that 80 percent of the decline in hours worked can be accounted for by the evolution of taxes in an otherwise standard neoclassical growth model. Although taxes play a crucial role, we cannot argue that taxes drive all of the movements in hours worked. In particular, the model underpredicts the large decrease in hours in 1975–1986 and the large increase in hours in 1994–2007. The lack of productivity growth in Spain during 1994–2015 has little impact on the model's prediction for hours worked.
Dynamic general equilibrium, Distortionary taxes, Hours worked, and Total factor productivity
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models, E13 - General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical, H31 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household, and E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
A Decade Lost and Found: Mexico and Chile in the 1980s
Bergoeing, Raphael, Kehoe, Patrick J., Kehoe, Timothy Jerome, 1953-, and Soto, Raimundo
Chile and Mexico experienced severe economic crises in the early 1980s. This paper analyzes four possible explanations for why Chile recovered much faster than did Mexico. Comparing data from the two countries allows us to rule out a monetarist explanation, an explanation based on falls in real wages and real exchange rates, and a debt overhang explanation. Using growth accounting, a calibrated growth model, and economic theory, we conclude that the crucial difference between the two countries was the earlier policy reforms in Chile that generated faster productivity growth. The most crucial of these reforms were in banking and bankruptcy procedures.
Total factor productivity, Chile, Depression, Mexico, and Growth accounting
N16 - Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean, E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles, and O40 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
Does productivity fall after the adoption of new technology?
Huggett, Mark and Ospina, Sandra
Productivity and the industrial revolution
A number of theoretical models of technology adoption have been proposed that emphasize technological switching, loss of expertise and subsequent technology-specific learning. These models imply that measured productivity may initially fall and then later rise after the adoption of a new technology. This paper investigates whether or not this implication is a feature of plant-level data from the Colombian manufacturing sector. We regress measures of productivity growth at the plant level on a plant-specific measure of technology adoption and its lagged values. We find that...
Embodied, Productivity, Latin America, Manufacturing, South America, Technology, and Colombia
D24 - Production and organizations - Production ; Cost ; Capital and total factor productivity ; Capacity, L60 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General, O14 - Economic development - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and service industries ; Choice of technology, and O33 - Technological change ; Research and development - Technological change : Choices and consequences ; Diffusion processes
Effect of policy distortions on aggregate productivity dynamics, the
Bergoeing, Raphael, Hernando, Andrés, and Repetto, Andrea
Advances in dynamic economics
We estimate the effects of policy distortions on aggregate productivity. Based on a model of plant production and productivity uncertainty and heterogeneity, and using Chilean manufacturing data, we focus on the effect of taxation on the exit behavior of plants. We find that taxes do distort the liquidation decisions of firms, suggesting that policy distortions reduce the extent to which factors are reallocated towards the most productive plants. Our results have important consequences for growth and development, as policies that alter the measure of plants that operate in equilibrium change the short-run response of output to exogenous shocks and the long run level of aggregate TFP. In particular, we find that the amount of productivity lost due to excessive plant shutdowns are very large.
Total factor productivity, Latin America, Exit behavior of firms, South America, Taxation policy, and Chile
H25 - Taxation, subsidies and revenue - Business taxes and subsidies and E23 - Macroeconomics : Consumption, saving, production, employment, and investment - Production
Are Shocks to the Terms of Trade Shocks to Productivity?
Kehoe, Timothy Jerome, 1953- and Ruhl, Kim J.
International trade is frequently thought of as a production technology in which the inputs are exports and the outputs are imports. Exports are transformed into imports at the rate of the price of exports relative to the price of imports: the reciprocal of the terms of trade. Cast this way, a change in the terms of trade acts as a productivity shock. Or does it? In this paper, we show that this line of reasoning cannot work in standard models. Starting with a simple model and then generalizing, we show that changes in the terms of trade have no first-order effect on productivity when output is measured as chain-weighted real GDP. The terms of trade do affect real income and consumption in a country, and we show how measures of real income change with the terms of trade at business cycle frequencies and during financial crises.
Total factor productivity, Terms of trade, Gross domestic product, and National income accounting
E23 - Macroeconomics: Production, F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies, and F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
Consistent accounting of U.S. productivity growth, a
Bartelsman, Eric J. and Beaulieu, J. Joseph
Joint committee on business and financial analysis
This paper is the first of a series of explorations in the relative performance and sources of productivity growth of U.S. businesses across industries and legal structure. In order to assemble the disparate data from various sources to develop a coherent productivity database, we developed a general system to manage data. The paper describes this system and then applies it by building such a database. The paper presents updated estimates of gross output, intermediate input use and value added using the BEA=s GPO data set. It supplements these data with estimates of missing data on intermediate input use and prices for the 1977-1986 period, and it concords these data, which are organized on a 1972 SIC basis, to the 1987 SIC in order to have consistent time series covering the last twenty-four years. It further refines these data by disaggregating them by legal form of organization. The paper also presents estimates of labor hours, investment, capital services and, consequently, multifactor productivity disaggregated by industry and legal form of organization, and it analyzes the contribution of various industries and business organizations to aggregate productivity. The paper also reconsiders these estimates in light of the surge in spending in advance of the century-date change.
Legal form of organization, Labor productivity, Industrial productivity, and Database design
E23 - Macroeconomics : Consumption, saving, production, employment, and investment - Production and D24 - Production and organizations - Production ; Cost ; Capital and total factor productivity ; Capacity
McGrattan, Ellen R.71
Prescott, Edward C.65
Kehoe, Patrick J.59
Kehoe, Timothy Jerome, 1953-45
Chari, V. V.29
plus Créateurs »
Staff report (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Research Department)300
Working paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Research Department)178
Quarterly review (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Research Department)123
Economic growth and development8
plus Series »
Research Paper478
Article124
Conference Proceeding111
Part of Book16
plus Type de ressources »
E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles59
E21 - Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth31
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics30
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models28
E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity27
plus Assujettirs »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Posts Tagged 'non-proliferation'
Trading with the Mullahs
Posted on 18:45, September 17th, 2015 by Pablo
I was a replacement panelist invited by the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs to join a discussion in Wellington on the Iranian nuclear agreement. It was a a pleasant event that addressed the pros and cons of the deal. I was impressed with some of the speakers, particularly Dr. Parsi from Lund University (speaking via Skype). I was less impressed with the Israeli discussant and the statements (not question) by an official from the Iranian embassy who was in the audience. All in all, it was an engaging affair and I encourage the Institute to continue with such public outreach efforts.
I spoke a bit about how the deal can be viewed on two analytic levels: as a First Image (interstate) issue and as a Second Image (domestic sources of foreign policy) matter. I mentioned that a way to conceptualise the agreement is as part of a "nested game" (to use a game theoretic term): the deal is part of a series of interlocked interactions (or "games') that can be seen much as those iconic Russian dolls are (one inside the other) or as building blocks towards a larger whole. I noted that the core of the agreement was to exchange trade for recognition and security–in other words, Iran gets more trade and recognition of its legitimate interests and stature as a regional power by putting the brakes on its nuclear weapons development program with an eye to cancelling the weapons program altogether should the agreement prove beneficial for all sides. They main lever is another trade-off: dropping of international sanctions against Iran in exchange for a rigorous international (IAEA-managed) inspections regime.
For those who are not familiar with the agreement, it is not a bilateral US-Iran affair although they are the major players in it. Instead, the treaty was negotiated by the P5+ 1 parties and Iran, the P5+1 being the permanent UN Security Council members (the US, UK, France, China and Russia) plus Germany. For those interested in the details of the deal, the official US government position is outlined here (which includes the text of the full Agreement itself). A US translation of the Iranian interpretation can be found here. The fact that the P5 agreed to the deal is remarkable given their history of disagreement and subterfuge on matters of international security.
There was an interesting sidebar about "breakout time" introduced by the Israeli, who waxed hysterical about the apocalyptic implications of the deal. Dr Parsi noted that "breakout" refers to the time needed to enrich uranium to weapons grade, in response to the Israeli claim that the deal gave the Iranians a breakout potential of one year. Prior to the deal, that enrichment breakout threshold was two weeks. The point is that "breakout" time refers to the time needed to begin enriching uranium to weapons grade rather than the time needed to build a bomb.
Dr. Parsi noted that "breaking out" on enrichment is not the same as putting nukes on missiles. I said nothing at the time but here I actually know a bit without being a nuclear scientist ( I studied nuclear strategy under one of the original strategists behind the nuclear bombing of Japan and so-called MAD theory. He grappled with the moral dilemmas involved in front of me and my student cohort at the University of Chicago (home of the Manhattan Project) and later changed his mind with regard to MAD). The notion that Iran can start enriching uranium or reprocessing plutonium to weapons grade in a short period of time and then quickly build a missile launched nuclear warhead is simply mistaken.
From a technical viewpoint beyond the specifics of Iran's enrichment and reprocessing programs, the problem of weaponising nuclear material is simple. Unlike the multi-ton "dumb" bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima or Nagasaki using concentrated high explosives as triggers focused on the nuclear material, the bulk of testing then and now consists of reducing the nuclear payload to a size that can be carried in the nose cone of an (increasingly small and light) intermediate range or intercontinental missile (IRBM or ICBM). The smaller the size of the delivery vehicle, the better its chances of avoiding surface to air or air to air interception. Given that requirement and the need for accuracy, nuclear payloads share very tight space with guidance systems. All of which is to say that given the weight constraints on a high velocity long range projectile, the "bomb" has to be miniaturised for maximum bang for the buck. Doing so requires downsizing the trigger mechanism from focused high explosives to something else. Laser triggers are one option. There are others. All of them are off limits to the Iranians irrespective of the deal. So not only is the fear of "breakthrough" unfounded and exaggerated for political purposes, but the real concern regarding mounting nukes on missiles is subject to both contractual and non-contractual enforcement.
My general view is that the agreement is worth doing. Other speakers and I commented on the downside, which mostly involves the reaction of Israel and the Sunni Arab oligarchies as well as domestic opponents in Iran and the US. I noted that there are disloyal hardliners in both the US and Iran that have potential veto power over the deal in the future should governments change, and that it was imperative for the soft liners or pragmatists to accrue tangible benefits from the deal in order to resist the sabotage efforts of hardliners who have vested interests in keeping tensions alive between the two countries. I made the point that Iran is more akin to Cuba than North Korea, and can be brought into the community of nations so long as it was recognised as a regional power with legitimate interests.
Speaker's times were very limited (7 minutes each), so I was unable to fully address what I had intended to say. So let me do so here.
The lifting of sanctions on Iran as part of the quid pro quo at the heart of the deal opens a window of trade opportunity for New Zealand exporters and importers (more so the former than the latter). Coincidentally, Foreign Minster Murray McCully has announced that in a few weeks he will be leading a trade mission over to Iran to discuss those opportunities. This is in advance of the implementation of the accord (which goes into effect at the start of next year) and is, as far as I can tell, the first official Western government led trade mission to Iran in the wake of the signing of the agreement.
But let us be clear on what that mission needs to entail. Although Iran's human rights record needs to be mentioned, however pro forma by McCully, to his Iranian counterparts, the point that must be emphasised is that New Zealand's opening of trade relations with Iran is absolutely, explicitly contingent upon Iran adhering to its part of the bargain. Should Iran in any way shape or form renege on the letter or the spirit of the agreement and the inspections regime that it authorises, then McCully needs to make clear that New Zealand will terminate or at least suspend until Iran complies all imports and exports to the Persian giant.
I say this because under McCully and Tim Groser MFAT has turned into the Ministry for Trade with Anyone for Trade's sake. Human rights and non-proliferation are not part of the Groser/McCully negotiating agenda. But in this instance both need to be and the latter has to be. The profit margins of New Zealand exporters and importers and the tax revenues derived thereof must not and cannot supersede New Zealand's commitment to upholding the terms of this non-proliferation agreement in the event of violations. Those involve re-imposing sanctions, and the bottom line of private interests must not come before the commitment to non-proliferation, especially given New Zealand's long held diplomatic stance on the matter.
McCully also needs to explain to New Zealand importers and exporters that any contracts they let in Iran are contingent and externally enforceable. That is, they are contingent on Iranian compliance with the inspections regime and the overall thrust of the Agreement (which is to reduce the prospect of weaponising its nuclear program); and they are subject to outright cancellation or suspension by the New Zealand government under penalty of law in the event Iran reneges or violates its side of the bargain. There are opportunity costs and risks involved, and these need to be outlined to interested parties in advance of the mission.
From announcements so far, it does not appear that the National government is interested in making such demands of the Iranians or its market partners. Instead, it appears that it is opportunistically jumping to the head of the cue of potential trade partners and will let the private sector lead the charge into trading with Iran. That is curious because McCully speaks of "not getting offside" with the P5+1, but the very fact that he mentions the possibility of "getting offside" indicates that he and his MFAT minions are considering the costs and benefits of doing so.
The Iran deal hinges on two things: verification and enforcement. There are instruments in place to verify that Iran is upholding its part of the deal. The sanctions will begin to be lifted on January 1, 2016. But it is enforcement of the terms that is the most uncertain aspect of the Agreement. If New Zealand does not explicitly tie its renewed trade with Iran to the latter's compliance with the terms and be prepared to halt trade with Iran in the event that it does not comply, then it will begin the slippery slope of undermining the deal. For a Security Council member that depends more on reputation than power for its influence, and which has a past record of leadership on non-proliferation, that is a hypocritical and ultimately vulnerable position to be in.
Tags: Foreign policy/affairs, International relations, Iran, National, non-proliferation, nukes, Security, trade
Posted in Economy, foreign policy, governance, History, Intelligence and Security, International relations, NZ foreign policy, Politics, Uncategorized | 9 Comments | Read More »
Cloaking hate speech and fake news in the right to free expression.
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A coward's ploy.
An age of protest.
The rot at the top (2).
The end of small "d" democracy?
The rot at the top.
The coming resource war.
The fallacy of the proximity argument.
The Hong Kong protests as a mass collective action problem.
A question of focus.
Media Link: on the second tranche of gun control reforms, and the registry
Pablo on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
Sanctuary on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
Tom Hunter on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
Rodrigo Álvarez V on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
peterlepaysan on Miscalculation, escalation and the law of unintended consequences.
Phil S on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
peterlepaysan on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
Gorkem on Miscalculation, escalation and the law of unintended consequences.
Psycho Milt on Postscript: Citizenship Granted.
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text:
in: Deities, Inhabitants, Greater deities, Primal spirits
This article is about the deity. For the planar inn, see World Serpent Inn.
The World Serpent
(Primal spirit)
Great Scaled One[1]
Ouroboros[2]
Aspects/Aliases
Asgorath[3]
Essylliss[4]
Jazirian[3]
M'daess[4]
Merrshaulk[4]
Semuanya[4]
Shekinester[4]
Ssharstrune[4]
Sss'thasine'ss[4]
4th Edition Statistics[5]
3rd Edition Statistics
Scaled Ones, yuan-ti, nagas, enslaved races of the sarrukh[6]
The World Serpent was an ancient, enigmatic entity worshiped by the sarrukh during the Days of Thunder.[6][7] Some believe the World Serpent was one of the enigmatic primal spirits.[8]
It was believed by some scholars that the World Serpent was an archetype of a complex concept: that of the multiplicity of being. Because of that, it was believed that some of the ancient deities of other scaly races, such as Asgorath, Shekinester and Jazirian, who had or represented multiple alignments, were aspects of the World Serpent.[3]
According to some sarrukh myths and legends, the World Serpent led the elder gods against the primordials in the Dawn War, during the Shadow Epoch.[7] According to some sources, the World Serpent defeated an ice primordial, an exarch of an evil goddess of winter and an evil god of the Underdark during this period of time.[9]
Myth taught that the World Serpent approached the sarrukh while they were still a race of savages, and offered to teach them the secrets behind civilized life, how to claim power, and the art of magic. In return for these divine boons, the World Serpent required worship and sacrifices from the sarrukh, to which they agreed.[6]
During the height of the sarrukh empire, around −35,000 DR, the World Serpent was universally worshiped among the sarrukh, as well as forced upon their servitor and enslaved races.[6] As of −34,500 DR, the World Serpent split off an aspect of itself, known as M'daess, to accommodate changes within the doctrines of its worship.[10] This was soon followed by several additional aspects, and by the time of the fall of the sarrukh empires, around −33,500 DR, the worship of the World Serpent directly had almost completely ceased, though it still granted powers through its several aspects.[6][4]
In the late years of the 15th century DR, the worship of the primal spirits became a common thing in places such as the Moonshae Isles, where the World Serpent was venerated among other primal beings. Its worshipers considered it one of the mightiest incarnations of nature's power,[8] and it was the best known of the elder spirits.[9]
World Serpent Inn
Further Reading[]
Eric L. Boyd (September 1997). Powers & Pantheons. Edited by Julia Martin. (TSR, Inc.), p. 84. ISBN 978-0786906574.
↑ Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd, Darrin Drader (July 2004). Serpent Kingdoms. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 27. ISBN 0-7869-3277-5.
↑ Brian R. James (June 2009). "Realmslore: Sarifal". In Chris Youngs ed. Dragon #376 (Wizards of the Coast), p. 61.
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Carl Sargent (May 1992). Monster Mythology. (TSR, Inc), p. 97. ISBN 1-5607-6362-0.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd, Darrin Drader (July 2004). Serpent Kingdoms. (Wizards of the Coast), pp. 187–188. ISBN 0-7869-3277-5.
↑ Mike Mearls, Rob Heinsoo, Logan Bonner, Robert J. Schwalb (October 2009). Primal Power. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7869-5023-2.
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Ed Greenwood, Eric L. Boyd, Darrin Drader (July 2004). Serpent Kingdoms. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 59. ISBN 0-7869-3277-5.
↑ 7.0 7.1 Bruce R. Cordell, Ed Greenwood, Chris Sims (August 2008). Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide. Edited by Jennifer Clarke Wilkes, et al. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7869-4924-3.
↑ 8.0 8.1 Brian R. James (June 2009). "Realmslore: Sarifal". In Chris Youngs ed. Dragon #376 (Wizards of the Coast), p. 61.
↑ 9.0 9.1 Mike Mearls, Rob Heinsoo, Logan Bonner, Robert J. Schwalb (October 2009). Primal Power. (Wizards of the Coast), p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7869-5023-2.
Greater deities
Primal spirits


text:
Groupon, The Online Discount Phenomenon
by 50Minutes (Author)
Non-Fiction Business & economics Development Business Development Corporate & Business History Entrepreneurship Management
Find out how Groupon exploded around the world in just 50 minutes!
The online deal marketplace Groupon was founded in 2008 in response to ordinary citizens' declining buying power during the global economic crisis. Its initial success was astounding: its early growth outstripped that of Google, Amazon and eBay, and its value reached $1 billion just 17 months after its creation. However, cracks soon began to show as partners complained of being forced into loss-marking contracts and investors deserted the company in droves, causing its share value to plummet. In response, Groupon has taken steps to reinvent itself through its new marketplace and direct purchasing options, leaving many onlookers uncertain but cautiously optimistic about the site's future.
In 50 minutes you will:
oFind out about Groupon's business model and astonishing early successes
oUnderstand the reasons for Groupon's decline and the steps taken to remedy it
oIdentify Groupon's competitors and the challenges facing the company in future
ABOUT 50MINUTES.COM | BUSINESS STORIES
The Business Stories series from the 50Minutes collection provides the tools to quickly understand the innovative companies that have shaped the modern business world. Our publications will give you contextual information, an analysis of business strategies and an introduction to future trends and opportunities in a clear and easily digestible format, making them the ideal starting point for readers looking to understand what makes these companies stand out.
50Minutes.com


I hope everything is great over there!
I'd like to congratulate the whole organization for its 20th birthday!
These 20 years in operation are result of a strong work in Russia, which become a fruitful recognition to everything you have done so far. This is mainly a recognition to all work developed by Nonna Kovrizhnykh and Natalia Chugunova, not forgetting the staff of AFS Russia office and your network of volunteers, without whom this project would be simply impossible.
I hope you can keep you hosting students for more years in future and sending Russians to overseas as well.
Now, after three years of my experience in Russia and I understand the value it has for me as a person. This exchange meant and means not a travel, but continuous growth.
Thank you so much for the opportunity which has been given to me of for being part of my life!
Поздравление к 20-летию Фонда от Общественной Палаты РФ.


text:
Image Source: Janitors
Published by Member Boris Dzhingarov on 17 May 2016
Does Yahoo have a future?
After enduring a tough time over the last few years, is Yahoo finally turning a corner or is this the end of the road for the technology company?
One of the tech companies that are generating a lot of interest, in recent months, among traders interested in stocks and binary options trading is Yahoo. The company was once a market leader and internet giant, but has recently degenerated into a chaotic scene of desperate executives trying to satisfy activist investors and a whole lot of frustrated shareholders.
Yahoo was an iconic company that helped to introduce the idea of a website as an internet destination. This Silicon Valley marquee was the brainchild of Stanford University graduate students David Filo and Jerry Yang, who founded the company in 1994. Yahoo redefined internet content and was the best known internet company well before Facebook and Google were born.
Today, the company is the internet's version of America's old-timey steel companies; once a huge success story, but now largely an afterthought. The 15% stake that Yahoo holds in e-commerce giant Alibaba, which represents an investment worth about $30 billion, is almost its entire market value and the company holds almost no assets.
While the company's long term future remains uncertain, there is one thing that investors and stock traders can be sure of: 2016 is likely to be a turning point for the company, even though the glory days of the 1990s and early 2000s are long gone.
When Did The Rain Start Beating Yahoo?
For many years, tech enthusiasts and market analysts considered Yahoo to be the last major company that survived the dot-com era, a period that saw names like AltaVista, Pets.com and Lycos rise quickly and fall away twice as fast. Following several tough years, Yahoo has been left far in the wake of current internet giants like Alphabet Inc. (Google), Facebook and Baidu among others, as it tries to get to terms with a rapidly evolving environment.
At the core of Yahoo's problems is the fact that the company has not developed any new or original ideas in a long time, leading to the internet public opting for more forward-looking and innovative rivals. According to analysts, the stock price desperately needs unique, high-potential projects that will make the company more relevant.
Despite an obvious need, Yahoo's management has failed on several occasions to implement the fundamental changes necessary to put the company back on the path of growth and, as a result, they are in last-ditch efforts to try and salvage what little is left of the former internet giant. With regard to saving Yahoo, it is becoming increasingly difficult to tell exactly what is worth saving: Is it the floundering core internet business or is it Yahoo's holding company which owns major stock portions in Yahoo Japan, Alibaba and Hortonworks?
A Board and Management Struggling To Keep the Ship Afloat
To say that Yahoo's situation is precarious would be an understatement. Thecompany's CEO, Marissa Mayer, along with its nine-member board, suddenly made a decision not to spin off e-commerce website Alibaba, in spite of considerable pressure from Starboard Value, one of the activist shareholders. Besides a whole host of core assets that are likely to be sold, the company has also lost more than a dozen executives in 2015 alone. An ill-advised chain of acquisitions have done very little to impact the ailing company's bottom line.
One of the ideas mooted as a possible way to revive Yahoo under its current management is to concentrate only on the company's core businesses and to spin off some of its non-core assets. This scenario would mean selling some of the company's biggest assets, such as Alibaba and Yahoo Japan, to third parties who could use their major stakeholder status to control the direction of these companies. Potential buyers include Amazon, eBay or even Alibaba itself.
By selling Yahoo's stake in Alibaba and Yahoo Japan, CEO Mayer and her team will then have no choice but to come up with an ambitious strategy that could trigger the fundamental turnaround that the company's core business desperately needs. On the downside, the fact that the management of the company has not managed to do so for three years now, makes many traders and investors doubt that they can manage it under the current high-pressure environment.
Could Selling Its Core Business Secure Yahoo's Future?
Another possible scenario that is under consideration is having Yahoo sell its core internet business to the highest bidder and remain as a holding company. By taking this route, Yahoo as we know it, would cease to exist, with the company becoming a subsidiary or brand of the buyer or transforming to a P-E fund. Following its sale of the core business, the company will then have to face a dilemma: Should Yahoo sell the remaining sections of its business or continue to exist as a holding company?
This scenario is likely to be supported by many shareholders and investors because Yahoo would get a decent price for its failing and unwanted businesses, while having potential to spur future growth of the new-look company.
Regardless of the choice that Yahoo makes – whether to sell its non-core assets or its core business – what is clear is that both options are complicated. This is because both involve many moving parts which change every day. However, both options share some similarities: they both acknowledge that, in order to survive, Yahoo must go through a fundamental shift and that shareholders are growing impatient for these changes to occur. This understanding is in the best interest of the company's stockholders and, if handled properly, should see the value of the company's stock appreciate significantly in the future.
Other Tech Giants' Past Struggles Offer Hope for Yahoo's Future
Although there are many people who have already dismissed and disparaged the company's chances of revival, there are some who steadfastly cling to the belief that the company will find a way to take advantage of its excellent sport, tech and finance content. The fact that Yahoo has about 1 billion visits every month is cause for optimism. The beauty of the story of Silicon Valley is that it also includes a number of large tech companies that have managed to rise up after nearly everyone had given up on them.
One of the most memorable examples is Apple, which had been floundering in the mid- 1990s before a string of innovations that they introduced saw the company embark on an unprecedented run of success that had never been witnessed before in corporate America. There was uncertainty over Facebook's mobile strategy for a while but the company managed to not only gain user confidence, but it has taken off in a big way.
Even Google hit a few snags on its 15 th birthday, but has managed to rise and become the biggest of all the internet businesses in the world.
In spite of this, Yahoo remains trapped in a vicious cycle of dwindling ad revenues and stunted growth in its user base and search market share. The company will have to learn quickly from the lessons of its peers' past struggles if it is to have a future.
Yahoo's Future May Be Tied In to Marissa Mayer's
The already shambolic situation at Yahoo is sure to build up into a state of chaos soon if Mayer's statement late in 2015 regarding a 'narrowing' of company strategy and 'focus on newer products' is anything to go by. Besides the steps being likely to result in massive layoffs, there have also been murmurs of a private equity firm seeking to buy some of Yahoo's key assets.
Time could be running out for the company's CEO, a successful executive during her time at Google, but who found herself in an entirely different situation upon her appointment to head Yahoo in 2012. According to many analysts, Mayer's case is a good example of the valley transplanting a highly successful exec to a different company with a strange culture, where things that worked at Google may not necessarily be a fit for Yahoo's business.
All of this leads to the million dollar question: How long is Marissa Mayer going to survive as Yahoo's CEO? Many people would put their money on her staying and fighting on, in spite of self-inflicted wounds, a tenuous relationship with her board and criticisms from investors and market analysts.
For the immediate future, Yahoo will continue to work on its long term survival plans. It still boasts a considerable user base and this provides cause for optimism. Although sentiment points toward avoiding Yahoo stock in 2016, investors need to take higher risks if they are to generate higher returns. The current environment surrounding Yahoo offers the opportunity for investors involved in option trading to buy Call options on the company and benefit from a potential upside.
#International #Finance #Technology #Technology #Industrial


When it comes to life in the National Football League, it has been said a time or two that the acronym "NFL" actually stands for "Not For Long." We regularly see players, who were once indispensable members of their respective franchises, face the chopping block, and our guess is that we will see a few more notable players get axed this offseason as well. As a result, there are always a handful of big-name players available on the free agent market. With that in mind, here's a look at seven big-name players who are currently unemployed.
Ryan Fitzpatrick is coming off of a career year with the New York Jets in 2015, and yet for some strange reason he remains an unrestricted free agent. He posted a 10-6 overall record and an 88.0 quarterback rating, while throwing for 3,905 yards, 31 touchdowns, and 15 interceptions last year.
We can't really figure out why Fitzpatrick is still available after posting those types of numbers — especially given how quarterback-hungry the NFL has become. Still, we fully expect the former Harvard star to be on an NFL roster — probably the Jets' — before the 2016 NFL Draft opens in late April.
If Greg Hardy didn't come with a truckload of baggage and off-field issues, he would probably have a multi-year contract in hand that would make him one of the highest-paid defensive players in the game. As it is, the 27-year-old defensive end is unemployed and will likely have a difficult time convincing another team to take a chance on him.
We, along with most people who cover the NFL, expected Andre Johnson to do big things in 2015 with Andrew Luck and the Indianapolis Colts. As it turns out, the future Hall of Famer's lone season with the Colts was wildly underwhelming. As a result, there isn't much of a market for Johnson right now. If he ends up continuing his NFL career, expect to see him land with a Super Bowl contender like the New England Patriots.
Staying healthy has been an issue for Arian Foster for most of his seven-year NFL career. However, when he is at full strength (or close to it), the former Tennessee Volunteer is one of the best running backs in the business. The 2010 NFL rushing champion recently visited the Miami Dolphins, but left without a contract offer — likely because of his injury history. While he will be coming off of a torn Achilles tendon injury that he suffered in 2015, we are still confident that Foster will play somewhere in the NFL in 2016.
Antonio Cromartie was a salary cap casualty of the New York Jets this offseason, and for reasons unbeknownst to us, he remains unemployed. While his days of being one of the highest-paid cornerbacks in the game are likely over, we are confident that the four-time Pro Bowler won't be out of a job for long. Expect to see Cromartie find a home right around the start of training camp.
A lot has been said and written about Johnny Manziel getting cut by the Browns this offseason, and at this point, it's unclear whether or not the 2012 Heisman Trophy winner will get another chance to be a starting quarterback in the NFL.
There's no denying that Manziel is a talented athlete, but he is also a young man who could clearly benefit from a little professional guidance and possibly a mentor who could help steer him in the right direction. Nonetheless, our guess is that we haven't seen the last of the 23-year-old signal caller in an NFL uniform.
All signs point toward Anquan Boldin wanting to continue his NFL career in 2016. The 35-year-old wide receiver already has a Hall of Fame-caliber resume, and he proved in 2015 that he can still play at a high level and help a team win games. He has already visited with the Washington Redskins, and we wouldn't be surprised if two or three more teams kick the tires on Boldin this offseason. All said, if he truly wants to play, Boldin will have a job with someone in 2016.
NFL: Who Has the Toughest Schedule in 2016?


text:
Márindol (tudi Marijin dol, Šobatovci in Šobatovo selo) je naselje v Sloveniji.

Zgodovina
Leta 1548 so se v vas naselili še bosanski in liški Uskoki pod vodstvom stotnika Ivana Lenkovića. Zaradi te kolonizacije je vas skupaj z bližnjim kranjskim Žumberkom postala del Vojne krajine, čeprav je bila geografsko ločena od njenega preostanka. Med letoma 1579 in 1881 sta bila Žumberak in Marindol del Vojne krajine, nato pa sta bila ob njeni ukinitvi začasno dodeljena hrvaški upravi. Toda spor med Kranjsko in Hrvaško ter Ogrsko o tem spornem ozemlju formalno ni bil razrešen vse do propada dvojne monarhije leta 1918. Leta 1941 so fašisti priključili to področje Italijanski kraljevini. Do leta 1945 je vas spadala pod hrvaški Karlovec, nato pa je od leta 1945 do 1948 spadala pod Črnomelj, nakar je bila leta 1948 spet vrnjena Karlovcu. Od leta 1952 pa je bila ponovno priključena Črnomlju in s tem Sloveniji.

Do danes v vasi prevladuje prebivalstvo uskoškega porekla, ki govori štokavščino in je pravoslavno.

Geografija
Povprečna nadmorska višina naselja je 255 m.

Pomembnejša bližnja naselja so: Vrhovci (0,5 km), Adlešiči (2,5 km) in Črnomelj (15 km).

Marindolski steljniki

Marindolski steljniki so večje steljniške površine (kjer so kmetje želi praprot za steljo živini) z velikim deležem redno košenih steljnikov nekdaj najbolj značilnega krajinskega vzorca za Belo krajino. Zaradi opuščanja kmetijske rabe steljnikov skoraj ni več. Steljniki so bili v gričevnatem jugovzhodnem koncu Bele krajine, ob lokalni cesti med Marindolom in Preloko.

Sklici in viri

 Kladnik, Darinka Sto slovenskih krajev Prešernova družba, Ljubljana, 1994
 Zajc, Marko. »Žumberak kot pozabljena regija : Ali kako lahko mejno področje zmede slovenske politike«, Zgodovinski časopis 57 (2003). S. 261-266.

Glej tudi
 seznam naselij v Sloveniji

Naselja Občine Črnomelj
Kraji v poštnem okolišu Adlešiči

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Corrie couple Samia Ghadie and Will Thorp join WAGs to celebrate brave Kirsty Howard"s 17th birthday
Corrie couple Samia Ghadie and Will Thorp join WAGs to celebrate brave Kirsty Howard's 17th birthday
00:00 GMT, 21 September 2012
When she was four-years-old, Kirsty Howard was given only weeks to live after she was born with her heart back to front.
However, fortunately the brave charity fundraiser has defied the odds as she celebrated her 17th birthday.
The student marked her special day with a host of stars on Thursday night, including Coronation Street couple Samia Ghadie and Will Thorp.
Night out: Coronation Street star Samia Ghade and boyfriend Will Thorp arrive at Kirsty Howard's 17th birthday party at Gusto in Alderley Edge, Cheshire
Pretty in pink: Birthday girl Kirsty Howard arrives in a pink dress for her big night out
Samia, who plays Maria Connor in the soap, and her boyfriend Will, who played her on-screen lover Chris Gray until last year, were just some of the guests who attended the bash at Gusto restaurant in Alderley Edge, Cheshire.
Mother-of-one Samia, 30, looked smart in a blue lace dress, while her muscular boyfriend showed off his physique in a fitted T-shirt and jeans.
Ahead of he party, she tweeted: 'Happy 17th birthday to the truly
beautiful Kirsty Howard.. Can't wait to celebrate with u later
@thekirstyclub !!! Love you lots Xx.'
Here come the WAGS: Michael Carrick's wife Lisa (left) and Emile Heskey's fiance Chantelle Tagoe (right) both attended
Also in attendance was Ireland and Aston Villa midfielder Stephen Ireland and his fiance Jessica Lawlor, former Aston Villa striker Emile Heskey and his fiance Chantelle Tagoe and Lisa Carrick, wife of Manchester United midfielder Michael.
As well as Kirsty's birthday, the event was also a fundraiser for her charity The Kirsty Club, which raises money for the Francis House Children's Hospice, where she has received care over the years.
The Angels Rocks night included a champagne reception, DJ and fashion show.
A bit of all white: Aston Villa footballer Stephen Ireland and his fiance Jessica Lawlor
Beating the odds: Seven-year-old Kirsty with David Beckham in 2003
Kirsty was born with an incredibly rare condition – a form of situs ambiguus – with her heart back to front, causing the misplacement of her internal organs.
Her condition in inoperable and means she needs a constant oxygen supply.
In Februry 1999, when she was just four, doctors gave her six weeks to live, but she amazingly defied the odds.
As well as continuing to raise millions of pounds for Francis House, this year, she went on to receive 12 GCSEs.
Former England football star David Beckham was befriended by the youngster when she led out the England team at Old Trafford in 2001, for a World Cup qualifier against Greece in which her hero scored the winning goal.
A year later, she met Beckham again as she handed over the Golden Jubilee baton to the Queen at the opening ceremony for the Manchester Commonwealth Games.
She has also spent time with David and Samantha Cameron, as well as former prime minister and his wife Tony and Cherie Blair.
In 2004 she won the Helen Rollason Award for courage at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Awards.
Date night: Samia and Will have been dating since last January – a few weeks after she split from ex-husband Matthew Smith
Doing his bit: Former Aston Villa footballer Emile attended with his WAG Chantelle
Coronation Street star Samia Ghadie goes for a stroll with boyfriend Will Thorp following her wrist operation
Coronation Street star Samia Smith divorces husband… and reverts to her maiden name Ghadie
All the gang together: David and Victoria Beckham join his siblings for a party to celebrate sister Joanne"s birthday
Sky Sports presenter Kirsty Gallacher reveals she"d pose nude but only on one condition
Doing a Flanagan… Brooke Vincent steps out to celebrate her birthday in revealing bandage dress


It is common for brain injury survivors to suffer fatigue more acutely and to enter into states of fatigue more easily after their injuries. For many survivors and their family members, this increase in fatigue comes as a bit of a surprise. Why am I (or my loved one) exhausted by 6 p.m. when I (or my loved one) used to be active throughout the evening even after a long day of work?
1. Survivors may still be healing from the injury.
2. It often takes far more effort and concentration to engage in basic activities like walking and speaking than it did pre-injury.
3. Survivors are almost always operating under far greater levels of stress than before. This could be due to the inevitable stress of trying to get better or stress from other issues such as financial difficulties due to losing a job after an injury.
4. They may be experiencing significant post-injury pain and prolonged pain tends to contribute to fatigue.
5. The survivors' medications may be causing fatigue.
6. The survivors may not be sleeping as well due to the injury. Many brain injury survivors experience significant changes to sleep patterns post-injury.
7. The survivors may be feeling depressed, anxious or angry. Any of these emotional states are conducive to greater fatigue.
8. They might still be getting used to the "rehab" or "post-injury" schedule, which may be quite different from their pre-injury schedules. For instance, a night shift worker may find that it takes some time to get used to the daytime hours of rehabilitation.
9. The greater fatigue may simply be part of the brain injury itself.
Depending on the cause of the fatigue effecting each individual survivor, brain injury professionals may manage given circumstances in very different ways. For instance, if it's determined that a survivor is suffering fatigue due to depression, then the survivor would be encouraged to talk about those issues with a staff psychotherapist. If fatigue is most likely attributable to medication being taken, a staff doctor may make adjustments to those medications. If fatigue is due to to the added exertion of engaging in daily tasks, survivors may be encouraged to take appropriate rest breaks. In all cases, patience and understanding go a long way to helping the survivor cope with fatigue.
It can be scary when a brain injury survivor lacks sufficient awareness of the full effect an injury has had upon his or her life. It can be all too easy for a survivor in such a circumstance to engage in what could potentially be extremely risky behavior. For instance, if a survivor does not realize that he can no longer walk, he may attempt to get up from his wheelchair anyway to walk to the bathroom. This could lead to a terrible fall. Similarly, a survivor who is not aware that she now suffers from severe memory deficits may turn on a curling iron for her hair and forget to turn it off. This could lead to a fire. When survivors gain in awareness of their situations post-injury, families understandably feel much more at ease as these risky behaviors can only decline.
However, there is one downside to such improved awareness. When a survivor first becomes significantly aware of his or her deficits, he or she often experiences a marked decline in mood. The survivor is suddenly aware of the severity and implications of the injury. It is depressing to realize that life has changed, in some cases irrevocably, and that success over these new challenges can only come after many trials and tribulations. It is important that the loved ones of brain injury survivors understand that this decline in mood is natural and expected. This is the time when a psychologist, counselor or psychotherapist can step in and help the survivor adjust to his or her new situation. With therapy and support, most brain injury survivors will see an improvement in mood after this initial decline due to increased situational awareness.
A flat (or flattened) affect is when a person does not display or experience emotions with the same intensity that he or she did before an injury so that the affect (mood) of the individual in question appears to be unchanging (flat). This symptom is most common in right-sided brain injuries. A survivor with a flat affect may be told that a friend has died and blandly state, "That is too bad." The same survivor could be told that he or she has won a huge contest and simply say, "That is nice." Instead of being distraught and tearful in the first example or excited and elated in the second, everything ends up feeling to the survivor similarly ordinary. This is not to say that the person does not understand the importance of each situation. It is simply that the person's brain is no longer capable of experiencing the strong emotions we generally associate with having encountered such a situation. Rather than traversing the hills and valleys of normal emotional fluctuation, the person's emotional experience is more akin to that of an even surface or flattened plain.
As we are social beings, a flat affect can of course interfere with social relationships. Other people may find it awkward or off-putting when the survivor does not display the emotions that would be normally expected in a given situation. For instance, a friend might find it odd that a warm smile is not reciprocated with a similar smile by the survivor. It may feel to the other person like the survivor is now almost robotic in most interactions. Many survivors with a flat affect need to be retaught social skills so as to allow for improved social functioning. This may include learning to show facial expressions appropriate to the emotion associated with a given social interaction, even if the person is not feeling said emotion or perhaps not feeling the emotion very strongly. Sometimes, loved ones mistakenly assume that the flat affect implies depression or anger.
A further complication is that the lack of or decline in the experiencing of emotions can also impact motivation to engage in activities. If a person feels strongly that he or she wants to accomplish a goal, then motivation there will clearly be high. However if the person feels little emotion to begin with, it is often difficult to arouse more than minimal motivation. Many survivors with flat affect report little desire to participate in activities that they previously enjoyed or weak motivation for therapy.
Survivors with flat or flattened affect often find that as their injury heals, they experience a wider range of emotions. Unfortunately, there are also those survivors for whom this will prove a symptom that provides some level of struggle throughout the remainder of their lives.


text:
Neil Stone
Neil is a portfolio manager on the Global Fixed Income team. He joined Morgan Stanley in 1995 and has 35 years of investment experience. Previously, he served as a vice president in Mortgage Research at Morgan Stanley. Prior to joining the firm, Neil was a director of Fixed Income Research at Credit Suisse First Boston. He received a B.S. in accounting and decision sciences and an M.B.A. in social systems sciences from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Neil is a member of the
Core Fixed Income Strategy
Invests in a mix of U.S. denominated investment-grade securities, particularly U.S. government, corporate and securitized assets.
Core Plus Fixed Income Strategy
Invests in U.S. denominated investment-grade securities (government, corporate, and securitized) and may invest opportunistically in non-investment-grade and non-U.S. bonds and currencies.
Global Securitized Strategy
Invests in a portfolio of mortgages and securitized debt instruments issued by government agencies and private institutions.
Government Bond Strategy
Seeks a high level of income through value-oriented investing in U.S. government securities.
U.S. Limited Duration Strategy
Invests in U.S. government, corporate bonds, asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities with maturities less than five years.
U.S. Long Duration Strategy
Invests in U.S. government and investment-grade corporate debt securities with at least 10 years to maturity.
U.S. Mortgage Strategy
Invests in a diversified portfolio of mortgage- related securities with the goal of a high level of current income.
U.S. Short Duration Strategy
Invests primarily in U.S. government securities and investment-grade corporate bonds with maturities less than three years.
Normalization Continues
In many ways, October was a continuation of the developments that started in September. Yet the Global Fixed Income Team now believes fixed income markets have reached a fork in the road: Either data will get better as geopolitical risks recede, or we will return to trade war concerns and deteriorating economic fundamentals.
Reversal Month
What three principle reasons led to the sell-off in September and how have they impacted our positioning? The Global Fixed Income Team discusses.
View All Insights by Neil
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Freedom and meaningful work: an exploration
Many of us have resigned ourselves to domination in the workplace. This is an outrage. 'Meaningful work' is not only an achievable goal for all, a socialised mutual economy is beginning to emerge that may be one step towards this ideal.
Ruth Yeoman
Meaningful work is an ideal with a long history. It retains a strong hold upon the popular imagination. Whether it is work which is useful, involving, worthwhile, satisfying or inspirational, we all know meaningful work when we see it. Generally, we think of meaningful work as a luxury good or scarce resource - something a few lucky people possess, and which is simply a matter of private interest. We do not think of meaningful work as important for social development, or take seriously the possibility that all work ought to be meaningful. This is despite the fact that having to do non-meaningful work harms a person - including poor health outcomes, frustrated human capabilities, diminished life chances, or even the absence of a sense that life is worth living. And in any case, since most of the work we do is irretrievably dull, repetitive or subject to hierarchical authority, hankering after meaningful work for everyone seems unattainably utopian.
With all this in view we might agree that a meaningful life is possible, but instruct one another to search for it in other dimensions of living other than work, such as family, politics or community. But this ignores the way in which our society makes work central to life, holding out the promise of it being a source of satisfaction and personal fulfilment, as well a necessity for survival and for flourishing. Work promises much, but often fails to deliver. The failure is not simply a private individual loss, but affects the shape of our lives as a whole, because work provides the status and capabilities for us to be able to play our parts in the spheres of family, politics and community.
I will argue that this failure is not inevitable. If so, how can changes to institutions give us access to meaningful work? This is not a new question. The Democratic Wealth series has been exploring it through the idea of a republican economy – see for example Alex Gourevitch's piece on the experiments of modern republican activists in the labour movement. This piece will attempt to further the inquiry, laying out the framework needed for meaningful work, and giving some concrete examples of institutions that have attempted to approach this ideal.
What is meaningful work?
Let's take a closer look at what meaningful work is. Work is meaningful when it unites subjective feelings of attachment to the objective worthiness of the work, or, as Susan Wolf puts it in her book Meaning in Life and Why it Matters, 'meaning arises when subjective attraction meets objective attractiveness.' So, a person may be a brilliant space scientist, but be yearning for a career on the stage. This individual's achievements in science add to the value of her life, and may be publicly endorsed by others as valuable through awards and prizes, but, without emotional attachment, her achievements do not add to the meaningfulness of her life. Equally, strong emotional attachment to a worthless project, or a project which does not have a care for others, will not make such activities meaningful.
Meaningfulness is not given automatically, but is made during the course of everyday living by people exercising their capabilities as meaning-makers and creators of value. Of course, people disagree with one another over what does or does not have positive value. These differences will remain private, individual and obscure, unless brought into public deliberation through a system democracy. This is an important point to which I will return below.
Workplace democracy and meaningful work
The aim of creating an economy free of domination is closely tied up with the project of creating an economy in which all can enjoy meaningful work. As the political philosopher Philip Pettit argues, domination occurs when one party has the power to interfere arbitrarily in the actions of another. Dominating relations are harmful because they threaten our vital interests. The threat of arbitrary interference forces people into a permanent state of insecurity, causing them to expend considerable effort in the attempt to protect themselves from unpleasant consequences, such as voluntarily giving up valuable goods or upward management of superiors. As Christopher McMahon puts it in Authority and Democracy: 'subordinates are expected to be adept at reading the wishes of their bosses and putting them into effect without being told in so many words to do so.' People become clever at heading off the possibility of being interrupted in their work and lives. But this cleverness involves a distortion in the way our capabilities as workers are developed. Work which fosters this kind of tactical cleverness is not meaningful.
Simone Weil observed how factory work involves this combination of oppression and frustration of capabilities: 'since orders are now the sole factor making for variety, to eliminate them in thought is to condemn oneself to imagining an unbroken succession of ever-identical movements, to visualising monotonous desert regions of experience that thought has no way of exploring' (from the essay Factory Work; see the Simone Weil Reader). Contemporary work, although in the UK typically rather different to the factory work experienced by Weil in the 1930s, is nonetheless riven with relations of domination, even if the means of domination are rather more subtle than the old command and control hierarchies of factory line production. Today, domination often works through the reproduction of ideologies which shape our identities, our sense of who we are, in order to extract our commitment and discretionary effort rather than to satisfy our interests in experiencing work which is autonomous, free and dignified.
It's important to note that people whose meaning-making capabilities have been thwarted might still strenuously seek to reinterpret their work, circumventing rules and hierarchies to deliver good work to customers, or to help out a colleague. For example, a study of hospital cleaners in the US by Amy Wrzesniewski and Jane Dutton found that, despite the low social valuation of their work, some cleaners sought to positively re-value their work as skilled and worthwhile by actively engaging in tasks which supported patient recovery, including interacting with patients, visitors and nurses.
This is very suggestive. Consider how a system of workplace democracy might act as a vehicle to release marginalised meanings, permitting people to make them part of their practical identities and enabling them to participate in public revaluations of their work. Democratic meaning-making helps the search for meaning in work to achieve validation in a public forum, and it publicly affirms the status of each worker as someone capable of contributing as a co-maker of meaning in work.
Democratic workplaces in practice
What would institutions able to foster meaningful work look like? Cooperatives and mutuals can be viewed as attempts to approach this ideal. Their co-ownership principle, governance architectures and organisational practices mandate member participation. In his book, People-centred Businesses, Johnston Birchall defines a mutual as a member-owned business that is 'owned and controlled by members who are drawn from one (or more) of two types of stakeholder – consumer and producer – and whose benefits go mainly to these members (p.4)'. Mutuals attempt to achieve social, as well as economic, purposes through the provision of a range of member benefits, which, in a producer cooperative, should include the benefit of meaningful work.
Mutuals often fill gaps in the provision of social and economic necessities, providing organisational vehicles for people to collectivise their needs, and making self-help the key to creating sustainable businesses. They have to operate in a business-like manner, generating profits, but because the activities are funded by members there is no external investor, meaning that the surplus can be used to create sustainable reserves, provide well-being benefits to members, their families and communities, or to distribute as a dividend. In order to sustain the democratic model of representation and member control of the purposes and means of the organisation, creating a member community is vital. This requires the formation of a background culture and values based upon fairness, equality and mutual respect, so that all members can feel confident of their status when taking up their responsibilities as co-owners.
Thus, mutual enterprises, by creating multi-stakeholder democratic communities grounded in co-ownership, exceed the involvement and participation strategies pursued by investor-owned companies in order to increase employee engagement or improve customer loyalty. When they are able to pull off the difficult organisational discipline of mutuality, mutuals experience not only instrumental benefits, such as improved quality in decision-making, but also intrinsic benefits, such as the solidarity and feeling of belonging generated by the sense of sharing in a common fate. They also provide valuable opportunities for people to gain experience in looking beyond their private concerns – an important condition for republican citizenship.
In their study of Mondragon, 'Enabling Ethical Economies: Cooperativism and Class', J.K. Gibson-Graham argue that we should see economic life as diverse, and seek to understand how our multiple roles of worker, carer and citizen break down traditionally conceived boundaries. Rather than opposing already existing capitalism with an alternative, we should envision how diverse modes of exchange and cooperation are already implicated in our economic life, so that the task is to strengthen already present tendencies towards non-capitalism in the existing system. Examining the Mondragon regional system of cooperation, Gibson-Graham observe that there is no specialisation of product, function or organisational form, but a knitting together of the 'regional economy as a complexly differentiated and networked whole'. They quote Father Arizmendiarrieta, the Roman Catholic priest responsible for setting up the first Mondragon cooperatives, who said: 'in the mind of the co-operator is the idea that future society probably must be pluralistic in all its organisations, including the economic.'
We need to learn from such examples and insights. As universal welfare provision breaks down in the aftermath of the financial crisis, unmet need is once more proliferating. In response, contemporary mutuals are innovating with mixed models, such as combining employee-ownership with traditional member ownership, thereby seeking to engage all those affected in the common purpose of the organisation. In the UK public sector, the class of mutuals now contains, amongst others, NHS Foundation Trusts, Leisure Service mutuals, Primary Care mutuals, and Co-operative Trust Schools. Moreover, there is increasing recognition that the health of sectors, such as banking, depend upon there being a diversity of ownership forms, in order to balance risk with stability, short term with long term decision-making and to provide for financial inclusion.
The features of a socialised mutual economy are beginning to emerge – one characterised by a new kind of economic citizenship, grounded not only in an entitlement to a share of decision-making power, but also in an obligation to participate in the maintenance of a public life which allows democratic organisations to be sustained and reproduced. But such an economy is possible only under conditions of non-domination, achieved when organisational authority is democratically authorised and worker participation is uncoerced. I have argued that democratically organised work which enables everyone to share in decision-making has the potential to be meaningful work. Mutuals hardwire democratic participation, and this makes them key organisational forms for proliferating meaningful work. This matters not only because being a meaning-maker develops capabilities essential to republican citizenship. Experiencing freedom as non-domination is part of feeling that one's life is worth living.
This piece is part of the Democratic Wealth series, hosted by OurKingdom in partnership with Politics in Spires.
Who is bankrolling Britain's democracy? Which groups shape the stories we see in the press; which voices are silenced, and why? Sign up here to find out.
Published in: openDemocracyUK
An iron chain of bondage: lessons from the Knights of Labor
Written by: Alex Gourevitch All articles by: Alex Gourevitch
Outsourcing and employee ownership - growth versus equity?
Written by: Frederick Guy All articles by: Frederick Guy
Democratic Wealth: building a citizens' economy


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The Getaway é o décimo primeiro álbum de estúdio lançado pela banda americana de rock Red Hot Chili Peppers em 17 de junho de 2016 pela Warner Bros. Records. Foi o primeiro álbum da banda produzido por Danger Mouse, fazendo deste seu primeiro álbum desde Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991) a não ser produzido por Rick Rubin. Foi, também, o último álbum da banda com Josh Klinghoffer na guitarra, já que o antigo guitarrista do Red Hot Chili Peppers, John Frusciante, retornou ao grupo no final de 2019.

Faixas
Todas as músicas por, Anthony Kiedis,  Josh Klinghoffer, Flea e Chad Smith, exceto onde notado.

Créditos
Red Hot Chili Peppers
 Flea — baixo (exceto na canção "The Hunter"), piano
 Anthony Kiedis — vocais
 Josh Klinghoffer — guitarras, teclados, baixo na canção " The Hunter " e vocais de apoio
 Chad Smith — bateria
 Elton John - piano em Sick Love
 Anna Waronker - vocais de apoio em The Getaway
 Mauro Refosco - percussão
Produção
 Danger Mouse — produção
 Nigel Godrich — engenharia de mixagem
Adicional
 Kevin Peterson — direção de arte

Tabelas musicais

Certificações

Ligações externas

Álbuns de Red Hot Chili Peppers
Álbuns de 2016
Álbuns de rock alternativo


Most controlled drugs are legislated by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This act is intended to prevent the abuse of drugs and list all the substances that are considered too dangerous for general use.
The Home Secretary has the power to reclassify drugs if it is seemed necessary. The act divides substances three classes; A, B or C, depending on the severity of the risks.
Some controlled drugs have genuine medical uses and can be prescribed by doctors in certain circumstances. Examples of this include prescription painkillers. Some drugs also have non-medical uses and can be used under licence, such as hemp.
Supply, intent to supply and allowing others to supply drugs on your premises are all classed as supplying drugs and can potentially carry the same sentence. Drug classifications can also change as mor research becomes available on them.
Selling alcohol to children can result in a fine of up to £5000, with fines increasing for persistent selling.
Whilst it is legal for those over 18 to buy and possess alcohol, there are restrictions on which locations it is legal to drink it. Towns have the power to put Designated Public Place Orders (DPPO) in place to allow police to stop people drinking in public. This is common in some town centres and parks. Public transport organisations also have the power to ban the consumption of alcohol on their routes, which is enforced by Transport for London on buses and trains.
The alcohol limit for driving in the UK is 80mg per 100 ml of blood. However, knowing the physical quantity of drink this involves is not straightforward and is dependent on a number of factors; including weight, gender and whether or not you have eaten. Some people may try and drink up to just below the limit before driving, but this is a dangerous tactic. If you are in a situation where you know that you may be drinking, it is much safer to leave the car at home.


Discover more about the JSON Serialization and Deserialization features, and build your skills through the examples given.
A collection of name/value pairs. In different languages, this is realized as an object, record, structure, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array.
An ordered list of values. In most languages, JSON is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence.
In this article, I will explain about the JSON Serialization and Deserialization features with examples.
We are mostly dealing with JSON while requesting or receiving data with a REST service. To accomplish getting data from JSON or creating JSON text from a custom object, we will use JSON serialization and deserialization in C#.
JSON supports the following styles.
A string is any quantity Unicode character assembly which is enclosed with quotation marks. It uses a backslash to escape.
Json.NET is a popular high-performance third-party JSON framework for .NET. It's an open source software and is free for commercial purposes. Json.NET supports .NET 2, .NET 3.5, .NET 4.5, Silverlight, and Windows Phone. It helps conversion between JSON text and .NET objects by using the JsonSerializer. The JsonSerializer converts .NET objects into their JSON equivalent text. The Deserialization process converts it to a .NET object and back again by mapping the .NET object property names to the JSON property names. Json.NET can convert LINQ to JSON for manually reading and writing JSON. Also, for easy JSON reading, developers can use Json.NET.
To install Json.NET, open Visual Studio and go to Tools Menu -> Choose Library Package Manger -> Package Manager Console. This opens a command window where we need to put in the following command to install Newtonsoft.Json.
To install from a NuGet Package, open Visual Studio, Tools menu -> Manage NuGet Package Manger Solution, and type "JSON.NET" to search for it online. Refer to Figures 1 and 2.
Serialization converts a .NET object to JSON formatted text. For example, there is a student object holding data and we need to convert the object to JSON format. To demonstrate JSON serialization, I have created a student class with Roll number, Name, Address, and other properties. I will utilize this class in coming sections of this article. Refer to the following source code.
Deserialization is the process of converting a string into an in-memory instance of an object. Basically, it's the opposite process of the JSON serialization we discussed in the previous section. JSON deserialization converts JSON formatted text to .NET objects. In our example, we have a string value in JSON format text that holds information about a student. In the following example, we will convert that JSON text to a .NET student object.
I hope this article has provided you with a basic understanding about Json.NET and how it is helpful to serialize and deserialize an object in ASP.NET. That's all for today. Happy Reading.


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Q: MySQL Statement to create 'End Time' of operational shift, when i only have the next persons start time I am struggling to create an SQL statement to calculate the end time of a drivers shift from the start time of the next driver. I have multiple drivers driving the same truck, and need to know which driver is driving at which time. For this, I require a column for the start and end time of their stint driving the truck.
Example below, driver 69 starts his shift at 1:55am on fleet 6, he is then replaced by driver 26  at 13:55, so logically i know the end time of his shift is 13:55. However i cant workout the SQL statement to create this column.This table is a continuous table spanning multiple dates.

Thanks a lot!

A: In MySQL 8+, you can use lead().  Let me assume you are using an earlier version:
select s.*,
       (select min(s2.start_datetime)
        from shifts s2
        where s2.start_datetime > s.start_datetime
       ) as end_datetime
from shifts s;

This is much simpler with lead():
select s.*,
       lead(s.start_datetime) over (order by s2.start_datetime) as end_datetime
from shifts s;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Public Release: 2-May-2011
Packing on the pounds in middle age linked to dementia
ST. PAUL, Minn. - According to a new study, being overweight or obese during middle age may increase the risk of certain dementias. The research is published in the May 3, 2011, print issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
"Currently, 1.6 billion adults are overweight or obese worldwide and over 50 percent of adults in the United States and Europe fit into this category," said study author Weili Xu, MD, PhD, with the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. "Our results contribute to the growing evidence that controlling body weight or losing weight in middle age could reduce your risk of dementia."
Researchers studied information from the Swedish Twin Registry on 8,534 twins age 65 or older. Of those, 350 were diagnosed with dementia and 114 had possible dementia. Information on participant's height and weight had been taken 30 years earlier.
Participants were grouped according to their body mass index (BMI), a measure of total body fat: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Being overweight was defined as having a body mass index between 25 and 30 and obesity was defined as a body mass index of higher than 30. In the study, 2,541 twins, or nearly 30 percent, were either overweight or obese during middle age.
The study found that people who were overweight or obese at midlife had an 80 percent higher risk of developing dementia, Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia in late life compared to people with normal BMI. The results remained the same after considering other factors, such as education, diabetes and vascular disease. A total of 26 percent of those with no dementia had been overweight in midlife, compared to 36 percent of those with questionable dementia and 39 percent of those with diagnosed dementia. Three percent of those with no dementia had been obese in midlife, compared to five percent of those with questionable dementia and seven percent of those with diagnosed dementia.
The researchers also analyzed the data in twin pairs where one twin had dementia and one twin did not and found that there was no longer a significant relationship between overweight and obesity and dementia in midlife. "This suggests that early life environmental factors and genetic factors may contribute to the link between midlife overweight and dementia," Xu said.
The study was supported by the National Institute on Aging, the Swedish Research Councils, the Swedish Brain Power, the Gamla Tjänarinnor Foundation, the Bertil Stohnes Foundation, the Swedish Dementia Fund, the Loo and Hans Ostermans Foundation, and the Foundation for Geriatric Diseases at Karolinska Institutet.
The American Academy of Neurology, an association of more than 24,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals, is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, migraine, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy.
For more information about the American Academy of Neurology, visit http://www.aan.com.
Rachel Seroka, rseroka@aan.com, (651) 695-2738
Angela Babb, ababb@aan.com, (651) 695-2789
Angela Babb
ababb@aan.com
@GreenJournal
http://www.aan.com/go/pressroom
NUTRITION/NUTRIENTS