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Teachers Are Not Prepared For Students With Special Needs
Students in Montclair State University's dual-certification program (Jackie Mader / Hechinger Report)
Strong progress has been made to integrate students with disabilities into general-education classrooms. Educator instruction hasn't kept up. When Mary Fair became a teacher in 2012, her classes often contained a mix of special-education students and general-education students. Placing children with and without disabilities in the same classroom, instead of segregating them, was a growing national trend, spurred by lawsuits by special-education advocates.
But in those early days, Fair had no idea how to handle her students with disabilities, whose educational challenges ranged from learning deficits to behavioral disturbance disorders. Calling out a child with a behavioral disability in front of the class usually backfired and made the situation worse. They saw it as "an attack and a disrespect issue," Fair said.
Over time, Fair figured out how to navigate these situations and talk students "down from the ledge." She also learned how to keep students with disabilities on task and break down lessons into smaller, easier bits of information for those who were struggling.
No one taught her these strategies. Although she earned a bachelor's degree and teaching certificate in math instruction for both elementary and middle school, she never had to take a class about students with disabilities. She was left to figure it out on the job.
The need for teachers who have both the knowledge and the ability to teach special-education students is more critical today than ever before. A national push to take students with disabilities out of isolation means most now spend the majority of their days in general-education classrooms, rather than in separate special-education classes. That means general-education teachers are teaching more students with disabilities. But training programs are doing little to prepare teachers; Fair's experience is typical.
Many teacher-education programs offer just one class about students with disabilities to their general-education teachers, "Special Ed 101," as it's called at one New Jersey college. It's not enough to equip teachers for a roomful of children who can range from the gifted to students who read far below grade level due to a learning disability.
A study in 2007 found that general-education teachers in a teacher-preparation program reported taking an average of 1.5 courses focusing on inclusion or special education, compared to about 11 courses for special-education teachers. Educators say little has changed since then.
A 2009 study concluded that no one explicitly shows teachers how to teach to "different needs." Because of time constraints, the many academic standards that must be taught, and a lack of support, "teachers are not only hesitant to implement individualized instruction, but they do not even know how to do so," the report stated.
Fair says teacher-preparation programs should be doing more. At the very least, "You should have a special-education class and an English language learner class," she said. "You're going to have those students."
Between 1989 and 2013, the percentage of students with disabilities who were in a general education class for 80 percent or more of the school day increased from about 32 percent to nearly 62 percent. Special-education advocates have been pushing for the change—especially for students who have mild to moderate disabilities like a speech impairment—in some cases by suing school districts.
Some research shows as many as 85 percent of students with disabilities can master general-education content if they receive educational supports. Supports can include access to a special-education teacher, having test questions read aloud, or being allowed to sit in a certain part of the classroom.
Students with disabilities who are placed in general-education classrooms get more instructional time, have fewer absences, and have better post-secondary outcomes. Studies also show there is no negative impact on the academic achievement of non-disabled students in an inclusion classroom; those students benefit socially by forming positive relationships and learning how to be more at ease with a variety of people.
Alla Vayda-Manzo, the principal of Bloomfield Middle School about 30 miles outside of New York City, said she's seen the benefit of inclusion for students. The school serves about 930 students, nearly 20 percent of whom have a disability, according to state data. When students with disabilities are included in classrooms with their peers, Vayda-Manzo said the high expectations and instructional strategies "lend themselves to those students being more successful than they would be had they been in a separate, self-contained environment.""It's not just getting a child included … that is only a small portion of the battle."
But as more districts move to make classrooms inclusive, they've been caught flat footed when it comes to finding teachers prepared to make the shift. Academic outcomes for students with disabilities have remained stagnant for years, even as more students with special needs are integrated into general-education classrooms. Students with disabilities are less likely to graduate and more likely to earn an alternate diploma that is not equivalent to a general diploma in the eyes of many colleges and employers. And year after year, they score far lower than their peers on standardized exams.
Experts say the problem is that it takes much more than just placing students with disabilities next to their general-education peers: Teachers must have the time, support, and training to provide a high-quality education based on a student's needs.
Mike Flom, a parent and co-founder of the advocacy group New Jersey Parents and Teachers for Appropriate Education, said many factors impact inclusion's effectiveness. His twin sons, now in seventh grade, were placed in an inclusion classroom beginning in fifth grade. Initially, Flom said his sons had "mixed reviews" on whether inclusion was beneficial.
"I think the teachers were really motivated to be helpful," Flom said. "I don't know the extent to which they were permitted to do the things, or had enough training to do the things, that were required to be more effective.""It's not just getting a child included … that is only a small portion of the battle," he added.
These days, Mary Fair navigates her classrooms with ease. She has learned through experience how to teach students with a variety of disabilities and works with a veteran special-education teacher to modify lesson plans and tests.
On a recent morning in a seventh-grade math-inclusion classroom at Bloomfield Middle School, Fair and her co-teacher, the special-education teacher Christina Rodriguez, started a lesson on the order of operations.
Fair stepped up to the front of the classroom as Rodriguez circulated to make sure students were on task."We're starting order of operations," Fair said. "It's something you did in sixth grade, but today we are doing it differently.""Ms. Fair, I want to see if they remember," Rodriguez said to Fair, who smiled and nodded."Put your hand up if you remember what the order of operations is," Rodriguez said.More than half of the students raised their hands
"Who remembers 'PEMDAS'?" Rodriguez asked, referring to the mnemonic device used to remember order of operations (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction). More students eagerly shot their hands in the air.
Fair cut in and explained that although they learned PEMDAS in sixth grade, they were going to learn a new rule about the order of operations today. "Take your yellow paper and fold it horizontally," Fair said, referring to a yellow sheet of paper that sat on each student's desk."Like this," Rodriguez said, holding up a piece of paper and demonstrating how to fold it horizontally."Like a hamburger," Fair added.
To an outsider, it's impossible to tell who is the general-education teacher and who is the special-education teacher. Both Fair and Rodriguez have desks at the front of the room. They switch off during lessons, effortlessly picking up where the other has left off. They both give directions and explain content. They are careful not to fall into what educators say is a common trap: seeing general-education students as the responsibility of one teacher, and special-education students as the responsibility of the other.
That's how a good inclusion class should be, Rodriguez said, but it takes practice and time. Like Fair, Rodriguez didn't receive any training in special education before she entered the classroom. She became a teacher through an alternate program. When she got a job teaching special education six years ago, she relied on strategies she learned while working as an aide in a class for students with autism. In 2014, she received her master's degree in teaching students with disabilities from New Jersey City University; she now teaches a class for Montclair State University's dual-certification teacher-preparation program.
Although most traditional teacher-preparation programs nationwide do include some training on students with disabilities, usually in the form of one course over the entirety of the program, educators say this course is often generic and perfunctory. Aspiring teachers also may be given assignments in other classes that require them to adapt a lesson for a hypothetical special-education student.
Fair said she had some assignments like those, but "we didn't really know what we were talking about, because we weren't taught it." Her colleague, the science teacher Jessica Herrera, said she was only offered one class in special education—called "Special Education 101"—when she went through a traditional teacher-preparation program in New Jersey.
"A lot of my training was for that 'middle of the road' kind of kid," Herrera said. "I was prepared for the regular ed student." In her 13 years as a teacher, Herrera has taught some inclusion classes; she said she picked up strategies from working with "good special-education teachers." When she earned her master's degree from Montclair State, she was finally taught how to teach a "range of learners," she said.
Fair and her co-teacher Rodriguez say there are certain things they wish were included in all teacher-education programs, like an explanation of the different kinds of disabilities and ways to address the various struggles students may encounter. They also say teacher preparation should include more classroom management and "subtle ways" to keep students focused and on task.
"We do a disservice to the teachers … and we're doing a disservice to kids."Rodriguez says it's also important for teacher candidates to be exposed to different classrooms, including inclusion classrooms, to ensure teacher preparation is not "so out of context."
Mimi Corcoran, the president of the National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD), said teacher preparation should better address topics in special education. "We do a disservice to the teachers we're sending [to schools] in the way we're training, and we're doing a disservice to kids," Corcoran said. "We've got to step up to the plate and think differently and act differently, and that's hard because everybody gets comfortable and systems are hard to change."
Some teacher-preparation programs are trying to better prepare graduates to teach students with disabilities, especially in inclusion classrooms. At Syracuse University, George Theoharis, a professor and the chair of Teaching and Leadership, said the school's elementary special-education program has been one of the leaders nationwide in training educators for inclusive education.
Every teacher who graduates from Syracuse's Early Childhood or Elementary Education program is dual-certified in special education and spends time in inclusion classrooms. Theoharis says it's an approach that more preparation programs should take. "All of our programs need to be inclusive," Theoharis said, referring to teacher preparation. "Regardless of what job teachers get, people need to be prepared to work with all children and see all children as their responsibility."
At Montclair State, students can receive a dual certification in special education and a subject-level or grade-level range. The school also offers a unique concentration in "inclusive iSTeM," which specifically prepares science, technology, engineering, and math teachers for inclusion classrooms. Students in the program receive a Master of Arts in Teaching, a certification in math or science, and are endorsed by the state as a teacher of students with disabilities.
Jennifer Goeke, a Montclair State professor and the program coordinator, said the dual-certification program prepares teachers to be hired as either a general- education or special-education teacher. "They know how to perform both roles easily and effectively," Goeke said.
On a recent afternoon, Goeke was holding class in the Bloomfield Middle School media center. She asked her 17 students to first discuss issues they were having in their "fieldwork classrooms," where they are currently observing and working with general- and special-education teachers. She listened to a few descriptions of struggles and then reminded her students that part of their job is to be an example for other teachers.
"I'm not trying to minimize or trivialize what you might be learning in your content area," Goeke said. "It's very important that you have a strong grounding in the methodology and the philosophy of your discipline … and know how to teach your content." But, Goeke added, "You have to remember that most people do not have any diverse learners in mind. Their training did not teach them to take those students into account."
In Montclair's program, students work with two mentor teachers for a year in an inclusion classroom and in small-group settings. They receive extensive training in how to work with students with disabilities as well as how to effectively teach content, like math and science, or grade levels, like early education or elementary education.
Bloomfield chose to partner with the iSTeM program in 2012, and has hired two graduates of the program, and offered teaching positions to several more, who eventually chose jobs in other districts. The Bloomfield Principal, Vayda-Manzo, says the graduates of the program are "like unicorns in the field," as it's rare to find teachers who are dual-certified in general and special education.
Current teachers at Bloomfield have also benefited from iSTeM, Vayda-Manzo said. The program provides professional development for inclusion teachers at the school who agree to be mentor teachers for iSTeM students, and those teachers also observe each other and work with professors from Montclair State. Vayda-Manzo said the school makes sure co-teachers have the same planning periods so they have time to plan lessons together each day.
Herrera, who mentors iSTeM teachers, said the professional development provided through the program has improved her ability to teach students with disabilities. "I feel like I got a lot of additional strategies through that," Herrera said.
On-the-job training is essential to ensure teachers have the skills needed to teach all students in their classroom, especially those teachers who may have attended teacher preparation years ago or missed out on training about disabilities, according to Mimi Corcoran of NCLD. "We have to be fair for the educator," Corcoran said. For "many that are already in field, the concepts of special education and how to include kids has shifted, and [teachers] need the supports."
Vayda-Manzo said it has been an easy choice to continue the program."I saw the impact that it made in our inclusion classes," Vayda-Manzo said. "We saw tremendous gains."
By Jackie Mader
Source: Teachers Are Not Prepared for Students With Special Needs – The Atlantic
Brief – Hidden Harms: Students With Disabilities, Mental Health, And Student Activity Monitoring Center for Democracy & Technology
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Author marketingscoopsPosted on Format LinkCategories Education, Learning / Teaching, TeachingTags achievements, assignment, autism, classroom, constraints, deficits, disabilities, disturbance, effectiveness, environment, expectations, instructions, isolation, lawsuits, learning, needs, outcomes, plans, practice, special, TeachersLeave a comment on Teachers Are Not Prepared For Students With Special Needs
How Multifamily Syndications Can Protect Your Assets Better Than Single-Family Homes
While it can seem easy to get into real estate investing with single-family homes, many investors choose to skip the single-family route altogether for an investment in syndication. Multifamily syndications pool funds from passive investors to purchase large apartment complexes while providing greater asset protection than single-family homes.
Apartment Buildings Offer Safer Debt Than Single-Family Rentals
Most single-family real estate "gurus" preach that it's fine to personally guarantee mortgages in your own name to qualify for lower interest rates and down payments. However, there is a downside to securing a mortgage in your own name.
If the investment fails or there's a market downturn and the lender forecloses, you are personally on the hook for that debt. Often, lenders come after your other assets to make up for their losses. Even if you are successful in negotiating debt forgiveness with your lender, the IRS considers the forgiven debt taxable income, which you will end up paying taxes on. For some, this leaves bankruptcy as the only way out.
This type of cross-collateralization is the reason many real estate empires, mom and pop landlords, as well as young investors like myself lost it all in the 2008 housing bust.
While many single-family landlords still turn a blind eye to these risks, it is not a worry for investors in apartment syndications. Since occupied apartments are income-producing businesses, lenders provide loans without a personal guarantee, collateralizing the debt with the asset itself. Furthermore, the loans are only signed by the fund managers, reducing investors' risk to the amount they have invested only.
Syndications Protect You From Your Investment
Imagine that you own a single-family rental. Your tenant's guest gets drunk, falls off the deck, and dies. The family of the deceased wants to sue you personally. If the property is owned in your own name instead of an LLC, then the rental is cross-collateralized with your other personal assets. The family's attorney can quickly do a search of the public county tax records, identify you and any properties in your name, add up your estimated net worth, and gladly come after everything you own.
There are two ways single-family investors try to protect themselves from this liability, but in my opinion, neither are good options.
1. The first is to transfer ownership of the property to an LLC, which would limit the lawsuit to equity in that one rental. However, if your lender finds out about the transfer, they can exercise a "due on sale" clause and immediately call the balance of the loan due. This can leave you scrambling to refinance the property and, if you can't secure a new loan in time, perhaps because it happened during a market downturn, the bank can take the property through foreclosure.
2. The second option is to carry a $1 million liability insurance policy. While they believe insurance will protect them from lawsuits, some attorneys see these as big paydays. In the case of litigation, the landlord will find themselves paying out of pocket for a long and expensive lawsuit in hopes of a settlement, all the while crossing their fingers in hopes their insurance will pony up for the settlement without a fight.
Syndications offer a couple of layers of protection against this. With multifamily syndications, each investment is purchased in dedicated LLCs. Furthermore, investors are limited partners in a securities offering, protected with liability limited to their investment.
Syndications Protect Your Investments From Each Other
Once single-family investors build a large portfolio of rentals, they can package them into one LLC and get a portfolio loan that doesn't require a personal guarantee. While this protects them personally from lawsuits, it exposes the equity in all the properties within the LLC to each other. If one of the rentals is sued or fails to perform, it can't be foreclosed on individually, which drains the cash flow and equity of the entire portfolio.
Syndications are all held in their own LLCs without the requirement of a personal guarantee. If one undergoes a lawsuit, underperforms or forecloses, there is no personal effect on the investor, their credit or their other properties.
Syndications Protect Your Investments From You
Many investors buy real estate to build an inheritance for their children and grandchildren. It's a sad day when a legal judgment removes wealth from generations of a family. When held in the right type of entity, multifamily syndications can help protect the inheritance you're building from personal judgments against you.
Imagine that you caused a fatal car wreck, are sued and lose. If you are unable to pay the resulting judgment, the court may require you to list all your assets and exercise charging orders in which it can force the sale of your investments. To protect against this, investors choose to form holding companies in states that do not enforce charging orders, such as an LLC headquartered in Wyoming, making them far less attractive for lawsuits.
Both single-family homes and multifamily syndication investments can also be placed into trusts, which can help your heirs avoid probate court, minimize estate taxes and help keep your financial affairs private.
Syndications Are Not Right For Everyone
Though multifamily syndications offer a number of asset protection advantages, they are not right for everyone. For example, if you want the freedom to liquidate your investments as needed, syndication is not right for you. Investments in syndication are held until the sponsor sells or refinances the investment, which you, as an investor, have no control over. For greater liquidity, you may want to consider other income-producing real estate investments such as REITs. Talk to your CPA to see which investments work best with your goals.
Invest With Peace Of Mind
Planning for your financial future in a shaky economy can be stressful. When you choose investments with asset protection built-in, you are making a step toward a more secure future.
Patrick Grimes
Patrick Grimes is the founder of Invest on Main Street, a private equity firm managing passive multifamily investments in emerging markets. Read
Source: How Multifamily Syndications Can Protect Your Assets Better Than Single-Family Homes
Critics by HighPicksCapital
There are two types of syndication investors, accredited and non-accredited (sophisticated). Many current property syndications allow both types of investors to participate as limited partners in multifamily investing deals. In most instances, there are no requirements for previous experience as a property syndication investor.
In addition, there is often no limit to the number of participating investors in a multifamily syndication. This is actually an ideal type of property deal for an inexperienced property investor. It is true that the larger the number of investors funding a property investment, the smaller the amount of financial return will be for each investor. Yet the larger the number of participating investors in an investment project, the lower the risk factor will be for each investor.
If a multifamily syndication has the status of 506(C), investing will only be open to accredited property investors. The requirements for becoming an accredited investor are set by the SEC. Accredited investors are required to have a specific net worth or annual income, either as an individual or jointly with a spouse.
The current SEC requirements for qualifying as an accredited investor for syndication property deals are as follows:
For the past two years, your income as an individual was more than $200,000 (or you and your spouse had a combined income of $300,000). You are also required to have the reasonable assurance of having the same amount of income or more during the current year.
You as an individual or jointly with your spouse have a net worth of more than one million dollars. The one million dollar amount does not include the market value of your primary residence.
Multifamily syndications with 506(B) status are open to both accredited and sophisticated investors. Although sophisticated investors do not have the high net worth that is required to qualify as accredited investors, those who are suitable for these types of investments have significant investing experience and a preexisting good relationship with the general partner (sponsor).
Some syndication investment deals may place limits on the number of participating limited partners who are sophisticated (unaccredited) investors. Often in large property investments like multifamily complexes, major syndicators will not offer as many investing opportunities to sophisticated investors as the number that are open to accredited investors. These property syndicators tend to place more value on the accredited investors due to their qualifications.
How are single-family and multifamily buildings defined?".
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Johnson & Johnson Agrees To Pay $230 Million To Resolve N.Y. Opioid Lawsuit
Johnson & Johnson will pay as much as $230 million to settle a lawsuit from New York state over its sale and marketing of opioid painkillers, New York Attorney General Letitia James announced Saturday, as state and local governments move to extract money from the pharmaceutical companies that developed the drugs to help combat an epidemic of addiction to them.
The settlement will remove Johnson & Johnson from a trial in a lawsuit brought by James against multiple pharmaceutical companies that's set to start on Long Island next week.
Johnson & Johnson will pay as much as $230 million into a state-operated settlement fund to underwrite addiction recovery services, overdose prevention, training for healthcare providers and other opioid-related purposes.
James said Johnson & Johnson has agreed to stop selling opioids in the United States, but the company says it stopped selling prescription painkillers in the U.S. last year.
The settlement does not require Johnson & Johnson to admit any wrongdoing or liability, and the company called its marketing of painkillers "appropriate and responsible" in a Saturday morning statement.
Crucial Quote
"While no amount of money will ever compensate for the thousands who lost their lives or became addicted to opioids across our state or provide solace to the countless families torn apart by this crisis, these funds will be used to prevent any future devastation, James said in a statement.
James sued Johnson & Johnson along with several other drugmakers in 2019, accusing the New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company of aggressively marketing its opioid painkillers to doctors and inaccurately downplaying the risk of addiction. The lawsuit tied the company to a nationwide opioid abuse epidemic fueled largely by the overuse of powerful, addictive prescription drugs. Several other state and local officials have weighed action against Johnson & Johnson, and the company said last year it's open to paying $5 billion in settlements.
When James' court case against drugmakers starts next week, it will not include the suit's best-known target: Oxycontin manufacturer Purdue Pharma. Saddled with a federal criminal probe and hundreds of lawsuits, Purdue is navigating bankruptcy proceedings, and the company and members of the Sackler family — the company's billionaire owners — are offering to pay billions of dollars in settlements and restructure Purdue as a public benefit company. This plan is controversial, with some politicians and advocates pushing back on a provision to make the Sackler family personally immune from future lawsuits.
I am a breaking news reporter at Forbes. I previously covered local news for the Boston Guardian, and I graduated from Tufts University in 2019. You can contact me at jwalsh@forbes.com.
Source: Johnson & Johnson Agrees To Pay $230 Million To Resolve N.Y. Opioid Lawsuit
Critics:
The opioid epidemic, also referred to as the opioid crisis, is the phrase used to describe the overuse, misuse/abuse, and overdose deaths attributed either in part or in whole to the class of drugs opiates/opioids, and the significant medical, social, psychological, and economic consequences of both the medical and the non-medical or recreational use of these medications.
Opioids are a diverse class of moderate to strong painkillers, including oxycodone (commonly sold under the trade names OxyContin and Percocet), hydrocodone (Vicodin, Norco) and a very strong painkiller, fentanyl, which is synthesized to resemble other opiates such as opium-derived morphine and heroin. The potency and availability of these substances, despite the potential risk of addiction and overdose, have made them popular both as medical treatments and as recreational drugs.
Due to their sedative effects on the part of the brain which regulates breathing, the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, opioids in high doses present the potential for respiratory depression and may cause respiratory failure and death. Opioids are highly effective for treating acute pain, but a debate rages over whether they are effective in treating chronic (long term) or high impact intractable pain, as the risks may outweigh the benefits.
Most deaths worldwide from opioids and prescription drugs are from sexually transmitted infections passed through shared needles – citation needed. This has led to a global initiative of needle exchange programs and research into the varying needle types carrying STIs. In Europe, prescription opioids account for three‐quarter of overdose deaths, which represent 3.5% of total deaths among 15-39-year-olds.
Some worry that the epidemic could become a worldwide pandemic if not curtailed.Prescription drug abuse among teenagers in Canada, Australia, and Europe were comparable to U.S. teenagers. In Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, and in parts of China, surveys found that one in ten students had used prescription painkillers for non-medical purposes. Similar high rates of non-medical use were found among the young throughout Europe, including Spain and the United Kingdom.
Author marketingscoopsPosted on Categories Law, PharmaceuticsTags accusing, Addiction, addictive, bankruptcy, combat, compensate, criminal, crisis, devastation, downpaying, drugmakers, Drugs, epidemic, healthcare, johnsonandjohnson, Lawsuit, lawsuits, opioid, overdose, oxycontin, painkillers, pharmaaddiction, pharmaceutical, pharmas, prescription, prevent, recovery, sacklerfamily, wrongdoingLeave a comment on Johnson & Johnson Agrees To Pay $230 Million To Resolve N.Y. Opioid Lawsuit
Facebook Sues Two Companies Over Fake Instagram Likes, Data Collection
In the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, Facebook has been auditing and suspending tens of thousands of apps on its platform. Now, the company is taking legal action against two separate developers for failing to comply with an audit and selling services that inflate Instagram users' engagement stats, respectively.
In the US, Facebook sued Nikolay Holper, creator of a service called Nakrutka, for using "a network of bots and automation software to distribute fake likes, comments, views and followers on Instagram [and selling] fake engagement services," Facebook says. Holper was previously warned by Facebook that he was in violation of its terms.
In the UK, meanwhile, Facebook Ireland sued MobiBurn, OakSmart Technologies, and its founder Fatih Haltas. MobiBurn paid app developers to install a malicious software development kit (SDK) in their apps.
"When people installed those apps on their devices, MobiBurn collected information from the devices and requested data from Facebook, including the person's name, time zone, email address and gender," Facebook says.
Security analysts alerted Facebook to the company's actions, and Facebook asked MobiBurn to participate in an audit, but it "failed to fully cooperate," the social network says.
The MobiBurn case is the first time Facebook has sued an app developer in the UK, it says.
In statement posted on its website, MobiBurn said it first received a cease-and-desist notice from Facebook in November 2019. "Since then MobiBurn has tried to cooperate with Facebook to show that no Facebook user data was subject to unauthorized access or misuse or otherwise improperly handled. In particular, MobiBurn has sought to explain that none of the apps…in the case incorporated the Facebook Login Feature and therefore were technically unable to collect Facebook user data."
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Reports that MobiBurn refused to comply with a Facebook audit "are not accurate," it says. MobiBurn has instructed its legal team "to prepare a response to Facebook's claim [and is] committed to seeking to resolve this unnecessary dispute amicably."
"Today's actions are the latest in our efforts to protect people who use our services, hold those who abuse our platform accountable, and advance the state of the law around data misuse and privacy," Facebook says.
By: Sherin Shibu
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Investors Block 800,000 Student Loan Borrowers From Billions In Potential Relief
Investors of a sprawling private student loan operation have effectively blocked a settlement proposal that could have provided billions of dollars in relief to 800,000 student loan borrowers.The case involves a set of financial vehicles collectively known as National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts. The National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts are not technically a student loan company (at least in the traditional sense), nor are they even a single organizational entity.
Rather, the name refers to around 15 or so individual trust entities that collectively acquired hundreds of thousands of private student loans that were originally disbursed by private commercial banking entities. These original lenders securitized and sold bundles of private student loans, which were then purchased and transferred by intermediaries, and then ultimately assigned to the National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts.
In 2017, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) filed a lawsuit against the National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts and its servicer, TransWorld Systems for illegal collections practices. The lawsuit alleged that the trusts filed numerous collections lawsuits against consumers without complete documentation sufficient to prove that the trusts actually owned the loans they were purporting to collection.
The lawsuit also alleged that the trusts relied on sworn affidavits by employees of TransWorld Systems to prove ownership of the student loans, but that at times, these affiants had no actual personal knowledge of the underlying debts at all. As a result, student loan borrowers wound up being forced, via state court judgments, to pay for student loans that they did not owe, or did not have to repay.
The CFPB and the National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts reached a settlement agreement that would have required the Trusts and TransWorld Systems to audit around 800,000 student loan accounts. Some expected that the audits would result in many of those accounts being deemed effectively uncollectible or even forgiven if the audits determined that sufficient documentation of ownership was unavailable.
A federal judge recently rejected the proposed settlement, however. The court sided with several investors and stakeholders involved with the National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts (including some banking entities and debt collectors), concluding that the attorneys acting on behalf of the trusts to negotiate with the CFPB did not have authority to enter into the settlement agreement in the first place.
The end result is that, barring a re-negotiated agreement or another favorable conclusion to the litigation, around 800,000 student loan borrowers with around $12 billion in student loans allegedly held by National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts will continue to be potentially liable for the debt. These borrowers could be subjected to a renewed wave of debt collection lawsuits, and it will be up to individual borrowers (and their attorneys) to fight these lawsuits in court, one by one.
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Adam S. Minsky, Esq.
I'm an attorney with a unique practice devoted entirely to helping student loan borrowers. I provide counsel, legal assistance, and direct advocacy for borrowers on a variety of student loan-related matters including repayment management, default resolution, and servicing troubleshooting. I have been interviewed by major national media outlets including The New York Times, NPR, and The Washington Post, and I've been named a Massachusetts Super Lawyer "Rising Star" every year since 2015. I regularly present to companies, schools, and professional associations about the latest developments in higher education financing, and I've published three handbooks to help student loan borrowers manage their debt. I'm also a contributing author to the National Consumer Law Center's manual, Student Loan Law, as well as various law review articles. I received my undergraduate degree, with honors, in Philosophy and Political Science from Boston University, and my law degree from Northeastern University School of Law.
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Author marketingscoopsPosted on Format LinkCategories Content Marketing, InvestmentTags 000 Student Loan Borrowers From Billions In Potential Relief, cfbp, consumerfinancialprotectionbureau, investments, investmentstrategy, Investors Block 800, Lawsuit, lawsuits, loanborrowers, loanmanagement, loanstrategies, loantrusts, nationalcollegiatestudentloantrusts, ncslt, settlementproposal, stake, stakeholders, studentloan, studentloanborrowers, studentloanoperation, studentloansrelief, studentloanstrategies, sufficientproofLeave a comment on Investors Block 800,000 Student Loan Borrowers From Billions In Potential Relief


All food and beverage is subject to Service Charge of 20% and applicable State Sales Tax. Please contact us for our complete terms & conditions.
Rental includes 5 hours of ceremony & reception time, 2 hours prior to ceremony for client & vendor access/set up, and 1 hour following the reception for client & vendor clean up/breakdown. *Monday – Thursday: $2,000.00 *Friday & Sunday: $3,000.00 *Saturday: $4,000.00 Additional Decorating/Access Time: $150.00/hour (subject to availability) Additional Event Time: $350.00/hour (subject to availability) **January - March "Off - Season" Discount : $500 off Facility Rental** Food & Beverage Minimums May Apply, Friday & Saturday Events Must End by 12:00am, Sunday-Thursday Events Must End By 10:00pm ***Please note that the above rental pricing is applicable with onsite catering only Facility rates for outside catering packages increase, see catering manager for details Ceremony & Reception Set Up Provided By Morgan Creek Staff Round 72" Tables That Seat Up To 10 Guests Mahogany Chiavari Chairs With Ivory Cushions House Table Linens And Napkins At Each Setting All Glassware, Flatware And China Dance Floor Additional Tables And Linens Needed (Cake, Gift, Etc.) Decorations And Décor Are The Responsibility Of The Client To Provide And Set Up. Specialty Linens Additional Colors/fabrics And Patterns Are Available, Please Speak With You Catering Manager For Further Details On Pricing And Product Availability. Dessert You Are Welcome To Bring A Wedding Cake Of Your Selection From A Bakery Of Your Choice. The Morgan Creek Staff Will Cut And Serve Your Cake Complimentary. Beverages All Menus Include Pre-set Water At Each Place Setting Self- Serve Beverage Station Consisting Of Lemonade, Ice Tea & Coffee All Alcohol Is Purchased And Distributed Through Morgan Creek. Reservations Event Reservations Require A Signed Contract And Deposit. The Deposit Amount Is Equal To The Facility Rental Applied To Your Event. Deposits Are Non-refundable. Rehearsals One Hour Of Rehearsal Time Is Scheduled With The Morgan Creek Event Manager On The Thursday Before The Wedding, Pending Events.


Suitable for those who concern the health of women's sensitive part.
1 time daily, 1-2 capsules each time.
kidney stones; or are pregnant and lactating.
should not use this product.
Taking 2 capsules daily helps to maintain a healthy urinary tract.


text:
Settled Out of Court (lit. em português: Resolvido fora do tribunal) é um filme britânico silencioso de 1925 dirigido por George A. Cooper e protagonizado por Fay Compton, Jack Buchanan e Jeanne De Casalis.

Elenco

 Fay Compton - Mulher
 Jack Buchanan - Marido
 Jeanne De Casalis - Esposa
 Leon Quartermaine - Russo
 Kinsey Peile - Conde
 Malcolm Keen - Detetive

Ligações externas

Filmes dirigidos por George A. Cooper
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes do Reino Unido de 1925
Filmes mudos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hybrid. A super-high sugar content makes this one of the sweetest grape tomatoes you'll find, so it's no surprise that this variety is a taste-test winner. Vines are prolific, producing loads of tasty little tomatoes throughout the growing season that are perfect for salads and snacking. Shorter than many other grape or cherry tomato plants, Napa Grape can be grown in a large container if desired. Whether grown in a pot, raised bed, or in-ground, though, plants will need staking or caging.


Nest releases their new cheaper Thermostat E today which is available for $169. This lets them compete with some of the more inexpensive offerings from Honeywell and Ecobee. The previous model Nest Thermostats are $249.
The Nest E has most of the same technical features as the Nest's other models although it differs in its Polycarbonate, ceramic-feel finish and Frosted Display which Nest's says helps it blend in more.
It is also slightly smaller at 3.19 in(8.1 cm) in diameter vs the 3.3 in(8.4 cm) diameter of the previous models.


text:
Boulder Crest Retreat for Military and Veteran Wellness
Boulder Crest is committed to improving the physical, emotional, spiritual, and economic wellbeing of our nation's military, veterans, first responders, and their family members. Our programs ensure they have the opportunity to live lives of passion, purpose, and service at home.
We exist to solve the mental health crisis and to heal our military members, veterans, and their families dealing with PTSD and combat-related stress, so they can live productive, fulfilling, and service-oriented lives at home. Our vision is to revolutionize a model of healing that integrates evidence-based therapies, a safe, peaceful space and unparalleled customer service to improve physical, emotional, spiritual and economic well-being for our nation's combat veterans and their families.
Boulder Crest Retreat Virginia opened in September 2013. The 37 idyllic and historic acres were first surveyed by George and John Washington, camped on by Revolutionary and Civil War soldiers, lived on by Native Americans, and now host approximately 700 modern-day Warriors and their family members each year.
Boulder Crest Retreat Arizona opened in May 2017. The Retreat's 130 idyllic and historic acres were the original homestead of Thomas Gardner, an entrepreneur who battled the Apache Indians, to include Geronimo and Cochise. In 1861, Gardner was shot by Cochise, a renowned Warrior, and lived with a bullet lodged in his chest for 10 years, before having it removed by an Army surgeon. Gardner and his wife had 12 children of which only five lived till adulthood. Like Virginia, the land is a true Warrior's paradise, and the stories of those who roamed both properties is a potent reminder that Warriors have long used times of struggle to create deep strength and growth.
$2,986.61 received
and 2 prizes
Bluemont, VA VA 20135

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Stephen Colbert to host CBS' 'Late Show' after David Letterman retires
By Ryan Faughnder
Comedian Stephen Colbert will be the next host of "The Late Show."
CBS said Thursday that the "Colbert Report" star will take over hosting duties for the long-running late-night talk franchise when David Letterman retires in 2015.
Colbert and the network have reached a five-year agreement, the broadcaster said.
BEST TV OF 2013 Lloyd | McNamara
Letterman, who has hosted the show for 21 years, last week announced his retirement on the program.
CBS did not give any details on the creative direction of the show once Colbert takes over, nor did it say where the series will be produced.
"Stephen Colbert is one of the most inventive and respected forces on television," CBS Corp. Chief Executive Leslie Moonves said in a statement.
Colbert has hosted his satirical Comedy Central show since 2005, winning two Peabody Awards and multiple Emmys.
"I'm thrilled and grateful that CBS chose me," Colbert said in a statement. "Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to go grind a gap in my front teeth."
[View the story "Stephen Colbert to replace David Letterman: Twitter reactions" on Storify]
Sony Pictures closes $200-million financing deal
Comcast and Time Warner Cable execs grilled by lawmakers
L.A. 2020 Commission report silent on boosting Hollywood jobs
ryan.faughnder@latimes.com
Twitter: @rfaughnder
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Ryan Faughnder
Ryan Faughnder is a film business reporter for the Los Angeles Times' Company Town, covering the major Hollywood studios, including Walt Disney Co. He previously wrote for the Los Angeles Business Journal and Bloomberg News. He holds a master's in journalism from USC's Annenberg School and a bachelor's in English from UC Santa Barbara.
Backstage with the 'Parasite' cast celebrating a historic SAG Awards win: 'Where's Bong?!'
The cast of South Korea's "Parasite" celebrate a history-making win backstage at the Screen Actors Guild Awards.
'Parasite' becomes the first foreign-language film to win SAG Awards' top prize
With just three weeks to go until the Oscars, "Parasite" was the big winner at the 2020 SAG Awards
2020 SAG Awards red carpet arrivals: Jennifer Lopez, Leonardo DiCaprio and more
SAG Awards 2020 show highlights
Brad Pitt winks at Quentin Tarantino's love of feet in SAG Awards speech
Brad Pitt, a winner for "Once Upon a Time... in Hollywood," went out of his way to thank his female costars'... feet.
Latest Awards
'1917' wins the PGA; is the Oscar next?
Although the award is not a strictly reliable Oscar predictor, it does add to '1917's' momentum.
Behind the scenes on the 'surreal nightmare' within '1917'
Cinematographer Roger Deakins and production designer Dennis Gassner explain what director Sam Mendes was after in this pivotal scene and how they made it work.
Al Pacino and Robert De Niro: Five decades of friendship crowned with 'The Irishman'
Robert De Niro and Al Pacino approach acting from different places. But their friendship has sustained them through career ups and downs.
Antonio Banderas has won many awards for 'Pain and Glory.' It's time for the Oscar
Antonio Banderas gave the best performance with 'Pain and Glory.' Historically, the lead actor Oscar has gone to the actor who does the "most."


text:
And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you as though it were the corn of the threshing floor and as the fullness of the wine press.
And your heave-offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the grain of the threshing-floor, and as the fulness of the winepress.
Your offering shall be credited to you as the grain from the threshing floor or as the full produce from the wine vat.
AMPC
And what you lift out and keep [your heave offering] shall be credited to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor or as the fully ripe produce of the vine.
BRG
And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress.
Your offering will be credited to you as if it were your grain from the threshing floor or the full harvest from the winepress.
It will be considered your gift offering, like the grain of the threshing floor and what fills the winepress.
The gift you set aside will be accounted to you as if it were grain from the threshing-floor and grape juice from the wine vat.
Just as the Israelites give me part of their grain and wine, you must set aside part of what you receive
And your heave-offering shall be reckoned unto you, as the corn from the threshing-floor, and as the fulness of the winepress.
That it may be reckoned to you as an oblation of firstfruits, as well of the barnfloors as of the winepresses:
That tenth will be your offering to the Lord. It will be like grain from your own threshing floor or wine from your own winepress.
Your elevated offering will be credited to you, as if it were grain from the threshing floor and abundance from the winepress.
And your contribution shall be counted to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the winepress.
ESVUK
And your contribution shall be counted to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the wine press.
EXB
I will accept your offering just as much as I accept the offerings from others, who give ·new grain [L the grain of the threshing floor] or ·new wine [L the fullness of the winepress].
And your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as the corn of the barn, or as the abundance of the winepress.
Your contribution will be considered to be grain from the threshing floor or juice from the winepress.
This special contribution will be considered as the equivalent of the offering which the farmer makes of new grain and new wine.
HCSB
I will accept your offering just as much as I accept the offerings from others. They give new grain or new wine.
Your raised offerings are to be accounted for you as though it were grain from threshing floors and full produce from wine vats.
And ye shall count your offering as though it were the grain of the threshingfloor and as the fullness of the winepress.
AKJV
Your contribution will be credited to you like the grain from the threshing floor and like the produce from the press.
The Lord will consider this as your first-of-the-harvest offering to him of grain and wine, as though it were from your own property.
God spoke to Moses: "Speak to the Levites. Tell them, When you get the tithe from the People of Israel, the inheritance that I have assigned to you, you must tithe that tithe and present it as an offering to God. Your offerings will be treated the same as other people's gifts of grain from the threshing floor or wine from the wine vat. This is your procedure for making offerings to God from all the tithes you get from the People of Israel: give God's portion from these tithes to Aaron the priest. Make sure that God's portion is the best and holiest of everything you get.
And this offering will be counted to you, as though it was the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the winepress.
Your contribution will be considered to be grain from the threshing floor or juice from the winepress.
and your contribution will be credited to you as if it were grain from the threshing floor or new wine from the vat.
Your offering shall be credited to you like the grain from the threshing floor or the full produce from the wine vat.
NASB1995
Your offering shall be reckoned to you as the grain from the threshing floor or the full produce from the wine vat.
Your offering will be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing floor or as produce from the winepress.
NCV
I will accept your offering just as much as I accept the offerings from others, who give new grain or new wine.
And your raised offering will be credited to you as though it were grain from the threshing floor or as new wine from the winepress.
Your offering will be considered as if you gave grain from a threshing floor. It will be considered as juice from a winepress.
Your offering will be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing floor or juice from the winepress.
NIVUK
Your offering will be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing-floor or juice from the winepress.
And your heave offering shall be reckoned to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor and as the fullness of the winepress.
NLV
And your gift will be to you as if it were the grain from the grain-floor or all the wine from the crushed grapes.
The Lord will consider this offering to be your harvest offering, as though it were the first grain from your own threshing floor or wine from your own winepress.
It shall be reckoned to you as your gift, the same as the grain of the threshing floor and the fullness of the wine press.
NRSVA
It shall be reckoned to you as your gift, the same as the grain of the threshing-floor and the fullness of the wine press.
NRSVACE
NRSVCE
OJB
And this your terumah shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fulness of the winepress.
And your offering shall be reckoned to you as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fulness of the wine press.
RSVCE
Your offering will be reckoned as grain from the threshing floor or the fullness of the winepress.
Tell them, "This portion will be counted as your gift to Me, as if it is all the grain harvested and threshed and all the wine pressed and decanted.
Your wave offering shall be credited to you, as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the wine press.
WYC
that it be areckoned to you into [the] offering of the first fruits, as well of the cornfloors, as of the presses; (so that it shall be counted for you as though it be an offering of the first fruits, yea, from the threshing floor, and from the winepress;)
YLT
and your heave-offering hath been reckoned to you as corn from the threshing-floor, and as fulness from the wine-vat;
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21st Century King James Version (KJ21) Copyright © 1994 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc.; American Standard Version (ASV) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Amplified Bible (AMP) Copyright © 2015 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, CA 90631. All rights reserved.; Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC) Copyright © 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation; BRG Bible (BRG) Blue Red and Gold Letter Edition™ Copyright © 2012 BRG Bible Ministries. Used by Permission. All rights reserved. BRG Bible is a Registered Trademark in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office #4145648; Christian Standard Bible (CSB) The Christian Standard Bible. Copyright © 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. Christian Standard Bible®, and CSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers, all rights reserved. ; Common English Bible (CEB) Copyright © 2011 by Common English Bible; Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) Copyright © 1998 by David H. Stern. All rights reserved. ; Contemporary English Version (CEV) Copyright © 1995 by American Bible Society For more information about CEV, visit www.bibles.com and www.cev.bible.; Darby Translation (DARBY) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA) Public Domain (Why are modern Bible translations copyrighted?); Easy-to-Read Version (ERV) Copyright © 2006 by Bible League International; Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV) The Holy Bible, Evangelical Heritage Version®, EHV®, © 2019 Wartburg Project, Inc. All rights reserved.; English Standard Version (ESV) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Text Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.; English Standard Version Anglicised (ESVUK) The Holy Bible, English Standard Version Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers.; Expanded Bible (EXB) The Expanded Bible, Copyright © 2011 Thomas Nelson Inc. All rights reserved. ; 1599 Geneva Bible (GNV) Geneva Bible, 1599 Edition. Published by Tolle Lege Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles, reviews, and broadcasts. ; GOD'S WORD Translation (GW) Copyright © 1995, 2003, 2013, 2014, 2019, 2020 by God's Word to the Nations Mission Society. All rights reserved.; Good News Translation (GNT) Good News Translation® (Today's English Version, Second Edition) © 1992 American Bible Society. All rights reserved. For more information about GNT, visit www.bibles.com and www.gnt.bible.; Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville Tennessee. All rights reserved.; International Children's Bible (ICB) The Holy Bible, International Children's Bible® Copyright© 1986, 1988, 1999, 2015 by Tommy Nelson™, a division of Thomas Nelson. Used by permission.; International Standard Version (ISV) Copyright © 1995-2014 by ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission of Davidson Press, LLC.; Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB) Copyright © 2013, 2020 by Ransom Press International ; King James Version (KJV) Public Domain; Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV) KJV reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press, the Crown's patentee in the UK.; Lexham English Bible (LEB) 2012 by Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software; Living Bible (TLB) The Living Bible copyright © 1971 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.; The Message (MSG) Copyright © 1993, 2002, 2018 by Eugene H. Peterson; Modern English Version (MEV) The Holy Bible, Modern English Version. Copyright © 2014 by Military Bible Association. Published and distributed by Charisma House. ; Names of God Bible (NOG) The Names of God Bible (without notes) © 2011 by Baker Publishing Group. ; New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE) Scripture texts, prefaces, introductions, footnotes and cross references used in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc., Washington, DC All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. ; New American Standard Bible (NASB) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.; New American Standard Bible 1995 (NASB1995) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. All rights reserved.; New Catholic Bible (NCB) Copyright © 2019 by Catholic Book Publishing Corp. All rights reserved.; New Century Version (NCV) The Holy Bible, New Century Version®. Copyright © 2005 by Thomas Nelson, Inc.; New English Translation (NET) NET Bible® copyright ©1996-2017 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. http://netbible.com All rights reserved.; New International Reader's Version (NIRV) Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998, 2014 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New International Version (NIV) Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New International Version - UK (NIVUK) Holy Bible, New International Version® Anglicized, NIV® Copyright © 1979, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.; New King James Version (NKJV) Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Life Version (NLV) Copyright © 1969, 2003 by Barbour Publishing, Inc.; New Living Translation (NLT) Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised (NRSVA) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Edition, copyright © 1989, 1995 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version, Anglicised Catholic Edition (NRSVACE) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Anglicised Catholic Edition, copyright © 1989, 1993, 1995 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (NRSVCE) New Revised Standard Version Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright © 1989, 1993 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB) Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2011 by Artists for Israel International; Revised Standard Version (RSV) Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, and 1971 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSVCE) The Revised Standard Version of the Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright © 1965, 1966 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.; Tree of Life Version (TLV) Tree of Life (TLV) Translation of the Bible. Copyright © 2015 by The Messianic Jewish Family Bible Society.; The Voice (VOICE) The Voice Bible Copyright © 2012 Thomas Nelson, Inc. The Voice™ translation © 2012 Ecclesia Bible Society All rights reserved. ; World English Bible (WEB) by Public Domain. The name "World English Bible" is trademarked.; Wycliffe Bible (WYC) 2001 by Terence P. Noble; Young's Literal Translation (YLT) by Public Domain


text:
#include "main.h"
#include "palrc.h"
#include "command.h"
#include <string.h>
#include "amlib.h"

typedef struct tagCMD {
   struct tagCMD FAR * lpCmdNext;      /* Next item */
   struct tagCMD FAR * lpCmdPrev;      /* Previous item */
   CMDREC cmd;                         /* Command record */
} CMD, FAR * HCMD;

typedef struct tagCATEGORIES {
   struct tagCATEGORIES * lpcNext;  /* Next category */
   WORD wCategory;                  /* Category number */
   char * pCategory;                /* Category description */
} CATEGORIES, FAR * PCATEGORIES;

HCMD lpCmdRoot = NULL;              /* Root of command tree */
PCATEGORIES lpcFirst = NULL;        /* First category in list */

void FASTCALL SaveCustomButtonBitmap( CMDREC FAR * );
BOOL FASTCALL LoadCustomButtonBitmap( CMDREC FAR * );
HBITMAP FASTCALL GetExternalAppBitmap( CMDREC FAR * );
HBITMAP FASTCALL GetAddonToolbarBitmap( CMDREC FAR * );

/* This function creates a category
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_AddCategory( WORD wCategory, WORD nPosition, char * pName )
{
   PCATEGORIES lpcNew;

   INITIALISE_PTR(lpcNew);
   if( fNewMemory( &lpcNew, sizeof(CATEGORIES) ) )
      {
      PCATEGORIES FAR * lpcPre;

      lpcPre = &lpcFirst;
      while( *lpcPre && nPosition-- )
         lpcPre = &(*lpcPre)->lpcNext;
      lpcNew->lpcNext = *lpcPre;
      *lpcPre = lpcNew;
      lpcNew->wCategory = wCategory;
      lpcNew->pCategory = _strdup(pName);
      }
   return( NULL != lpcNew );
}

/* This function returns the name and ID of the specified category.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_GetCategory( WORD nPosition, LPCATEGORYITEM lpci )
{
   PCATEGORIES lpc;

   lpc = lpcFirst;
   while( lpc && nPosition-- )
      lpc = lpc->lpcNext;
   if( lpc )
      {
      lpci->pCategory = lpc->pCategory;
      lpci->wCategory = lpc->wCategory;
      return( TRUE );
      }
   return( FALSE );
}

/* This command returns whether or not the specified category
 * has been inserted.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_FindCategory( WORD wCategory )
{
   PCATEGORIES lpc;

   lpc = lpcFirst;
   while( lpc && lpc->wCategory != wCategory )
      lpc = lpc->lpcNext;
   return( NULL != lpc );
}

/* This function deletes all categories.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_DeleteAllCategories( void )
{
   PCATEGORIES lpcNext;
   PCATEGORIES lpc;

   for( lpc = lpcFirst; lpc; lpc = lpcNext )
      {
      lpcNext = lpc->lpcNext;
      free( lpc->pCategory );
      FreeMemory( &lpc );
      }
}

/* This function deletes all commands from the table
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_DeleteAllCommands( void )
{
   HCMD lpCmdNext;
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmdNext )
      {
      lpCmdNext = lpCmd->lpCmdNext;
      if( lpCmd->cmd.fCustomBitmap )
         {
         if( NULL != lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall )
            DeleteBitmap( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall );
         if( NULL != lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge )
            DeleteBitmap( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge );
         }
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszString );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString );
      FreeMemory( &lpCmd );
      }
   lpCmdRoot = NULL;
}

/* This function deletes the specified command from the
 * table.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_DeleteCommand( UINT iCommand )
{
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent && (*lppceParent)->cmd.iCommand != iCommand )
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
   if( *lppceParent )
      {
      HCMD lpCmdNext;
      HCMD lpCmd;

      /* Delete the command.
       */
      lpCmd = *lppceParent;
      lpCmdNext = lpCmd->lpCmdNext;
      if( NULL != hwndToolBar )
         {
         int index;

         /* If this command appears on the toolbar, remove it from
          * the toolbar.
          */
         index = (int)SendMessage( hwndToolBar, TB_COMMANDTOINDEX, iCommand, 0L );
         if( -1 != index )
            {
            SendMessage( hwndToolBar, TB_DELETEBUTTON, index, 0L );
            UpdateWindow( hwndToolBar );
            }
         }
      if( lpCmd->cmd.fCustomBitmap )
         {
         if( NULL != lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall )
            DeleteBitmap( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall );
         if( NULL != lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge )
            DeleteBitmap( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge );
         }
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszString );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString );

      FreeMemory( &lpCmd );
      *lppceParent = lpCmdNext;
      }
   return( *lppceParent ? TRUE : FALSE );
}

/* This function edits the bitmap button for the
 * specified command.
 */
void FASTCALL EditButtonBitmap( HWND hwnd, UINT iCommand )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand == iCommand )
         {
         /* Edit the command. If it gets changed, save the changes
          * to the szCustomBitmaps section of the config file.
          */
         if( CmdButtonBitmap( hwnd, &lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp ) )
            {
            SaveCustomButtonBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd );
            if( !lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.fIsValid )
               {
               if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand >= IDM_TOOLFIRST && lpCmd->cmd.iCommand <= IDM_TOOLLAST )
                  GetAddonToolbarBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd );
               else if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand >= IDM_EXTAPPFIRST && lpCmd->cmd.iCommand <= IDM_EXTAPPLAST )
                  GetExternalAppBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd );
               SendMessage( hwndToolBar, TB_CHANGEBITMAP, iCommand, 0L );
               break;
               }
            GetButtonBitmapEntry( &lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp );
            SendMessage( hwndToolBar, TB_CHANGEBITMAP, iCommand, 0L );
            }
         break;
         }
}

/* This function returns the toolbar bitmap associated with the
 * specified command.
 */
HBITMAP FASTCALL CTree_GetCommandBitmap( UINT iCommand )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand == iCommand )
         {
         /* Check the cache first.
          */
         if( fLargeButtons && lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge )
            return( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpLarge );
         if( !fLargeButtons && lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall )
            return( lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp.hbmpSmall );

         /* Okay, it isn't cached, so see if there is an entry
          * in the custom bitmaps section of the config for this
          * command.
          */
         if( LoadCustomButtonBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd ) )
            return( GetButtonBitmapEntry( &lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp ) );

         /* Use defaults.
          */
         if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand >= IDM_TOOLFIRST && lpCmd->cmd.iCommand <= IDM_TOOLLAST )
            return( GetAddonToolbarBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd ) );
         if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand >= IDM_EXTAPPFIRST && lpCmd->cmd.iCommand <= IDM_EXTAPPLAST )
            return( GetExternalAppBitmap( &lpCmd->cmd ) );
         return( GetButtonBitmapEntry( &lpCmd->cmd.btnBmp ) );
         }
   return( NULL );
}

/* This function traverses the command tree, locating the
 * specified command.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_GetCommand( CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent && (*lppceParent)->cmd.iCommand != lpmsi->iCommand )
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
   if( *lppceParent )
      *lpmsi = (*lppceParent)->cmd;
   return( *lppceParent ? TRUE : FALSE );
}

/* This function updates the command specified.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_PutCommand( CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent && (*lppceParent)->cmd.iCommand != lpmsi->iCommand )
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
   if( *lppceParent )
      {
      HCMD lpCmd;

      lpCmd = *lppceParent;
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszString );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString ) )
         free( (char *)lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString );
      lpCmd->cmd = *lpmsi;
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszString ) )
         lpCmd->cmd.lpszString = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszString );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszCommand ) )
         lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszCommand );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszTooltipString ) )
         lpCmd->cmd.lpszTooltipString = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszTooltipString );
      return( TRUE );
      }
   return( CTree_InsertCommand( lpmsi ) );
}

/* This function traverses the command tree, locating the
 * specified command name.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_FindCommandName( char * lpszCommand, CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent )
      {
      if( _strcmpi( (*lppceParent)->cmd.lpszCommand, lpszCommand ) == 0 )
         break;
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
      }
   if( *lppceParent )
      *lpmsi = (*lppceParent)->cmd;
   return( *lppceParent ? TRUE : FALSE );
}

/* This function retrieves the HCMD for the specified command
 * name.
 */
HCMD FASTCALL CTree_CommandToHandle( char * lpszCommand )
{
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent )
      {
      if( _strcmpi( (*lppceParent)->cmd.lpszCommand, lpszCommand ) == 0 )
         return( *lppceParent );
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
      }
   return( NULL );
}

/* This function returns the command name given the command
 * handle (HCMD).
 */
LPCSTR FASTCALL CTree_GetCommandName( HCMD lpCmd )
{
   return( (LPCSTR)lpCmd->cmd.lpszCommand );
}

/* This function inserts the specified command into the
 * tree.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_InsertCommand( CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD lpCmdNew;
   HCMD FAR * lppceParent;

   INITIALISE_PTR(lpCmdNew);
   lppceParent = &lpCmdRoot;
   while( *lppceParent && (*lppceParent)->cmd.iCommand != lpmsi->iCommand )
      lppceParent = &(*lppceParent)->lpCmdNext;
   if( fNewMemory( &lpCmdNew, sizeof(CMD) ) )
      {
      lpCmdNew->lpCmdNext = NULL;
      lpCmdNew->lpCmdPrev = *lppceParent;
      lpCmdNew->cmd = *lpmsi;
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszString ) )
         lpCmdNew->cmd.lpszString = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszString );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszCommand ) )
         lpCmdNew->cmd.lpszCommand = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszCommand );
      if( 0 != HIWORD( lpmsi->lpszTooltipString ) )
         lpCmdNew->cmd.lpszTooltipString = _strdup( lpmsi->lpszTooltipString );
      *lppceParent = lpCmdNew;
      }
   return( lpCmdNew ? TRUE : FALSE );
}

/* This command loops through the tree, filling the specified
 * command structure.
 */
HCMD FASTCALL CTree_EnumTree( HCMD lpCmdn, CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   if( NULL == lpCmdn )
      lpCmdn = lpCmdRoot;
   else
      lpCmdn = lpCmdn->lpCmdNext;
   if( lpCmdn )
      *lpmsi = lpCmdn->cmd;
   return( lpCmdn );
}

/* This function traverses the command tree, locating the
 * specified keystroke.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_FindKey( CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      if( lpCmd->cmd.wKey == lpmsi->wKey )
         {
         *lpmsi = lpCmd->cmd;
         return( TRUE );
         }
   return( FALSE );
}

/* This function traverses the command tree, locating the
 * specified keystroke.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_FindNewKey( CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      if( lpCmd->cmd.wNewKey == lpmsi->wNewKey )
         {
         *lpmsi = lpCmd->cmd;
         return( TRUE );
         }
   return( FALSE );
}

/* This function scans the tree, setting wDefKey to wKey
 * for each command.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_SetDefaultKey( void )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      lpCmd->cmd.wKey = lpCmd->cmd.wDefKey;
}

/* Given a command, this function changes the key assigned
 * to that command.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_ChangeKey( UINT iCommand, WORD wKeyCode )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      if( lpCmd->cmd.iCommand == iCommand )
         {
         if( ( wKeyCode != lpCmd->cmd.wDefKey ) && wKeyCode < 0x80 )
            lpCmd->cmd.iActiveMode = ( WIN_OUTBASK|WIN_THREAD|WIN_MESSAGE|WIN_INFOBAR|WIN_RESUMES|WIN_SCHEDULE );
         lpCmd->cmd.wKey = wKeyCode;
         return( TRUE );
         }
   return( FALSE );
}

/* This function scans the tree, saving wKey in wNewKey.
 * for each command.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_SaveKey( void )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      lpCmd->cmd.wNewKey = lpCmd->cmd.wKey;
}

/* This function scans the tree, setting wNewKey to wDefKey
 * for each command.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_ResetKey( void )
{
   HCMD lpCmd;

   for( lpCmd = lpCmdRoot; lpCmd; lpCmd = lpCmd->lpCmdNext )
      lpCmd->cmd.wNewKey = lpCmd->cmd.wDefKey;
}

/* This function returns the record for the specified item.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_GetItem( HCMD hCmd, CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   *lpmsi = hCmd->cmd;
}

/* This function sets the record for the specified item.
 */
void FASTCALL CTree_SetItem( HCMD hCmd, CMDREC FAR * lpmsi )
{
   hCmd->cmd = *lpmsi;
}

/* This function returns the key code associated with the
 * specified command.
 */
BOOL FASTCALL CTree_GetCommandKey( char * pszCommand, WORD * pwKey )
{
   HCMD hCmd;

   if( NULL != ( hCmd = CTree_CommandToHandle( pszCommand ) ) )
      if( hCmd->cmd.wKey != 0 )
         {
         *pwKey = hCmd->cmd.wKey;
         return( TRUE );
         }
   return( FALSE );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
var a = 3

/*MD
<style>
* { background-color: rgb(240,240, 240)}

</style>
   # JavaScript in Markdown in JavaScript Inception
   Example:

   ```javascript {.example1}
   import {foo} from  "demos/javascript/inception.js"
   foo(3)
   ```
   <script>
     import boundEval from "src/client/bound-eval.js";
     boundEval(lively.query(this, ".example1").textContent).then(r => r.value)

   </script>
MD*/

export function foo(a) {
  return a + 6
}


ERIN ABLETT WELLNESS – FUEL YOUR BODY. FEED YOUR MIND. FIND YOUR PURPOSE.
Welcome to Erin Ablett Wellness; a celebration of fitness, mindset, mental health & personal development. I'm passionate about helping people love who they see in the mirror. So, if you're looking to become stronger in body & mind while smashing some major life goals, let's create a bespoke plan & make this your best year yet.


Are punitive damages available in Florida medical malpractice cases? | The Nurse Attorney, P.A.
Bradenton Personal Injury Attorneys > Video FAQs > Are punitive damages available in Florida medical malpractice cases?
Are punitive damages available in Florida medical malpractice cases?
In rare cases, yes, punitive damages may be available. However, the standard required is very difficult to meet. The plaintiff or patient must prove that the healthcare provider acted with reckless disregard, almost an intentional type of conduct, which almost never happens in medical malpractice cases.


A man yelled a professional-Nazi and professional-Trump salute during a performance of Fiddler on the Roof" in Baltimore — main some individuals to fear a shooting was about to erupt, in line with a report. To traverse buildings by strolling or climbing throughout their roofs. Cool roofs achieve the best cooling financial savings in sizzling climates, however can improve vitality prices in colder climates due to reduced helpful wintertime warmth beneficial properties. The patron's professional-Nazi and pro-Trump outburst throughout a Wednesday night time manufacturing of ''Fiddler on the Roof" despatched panicked folks running for the exits at Baltimore's Hippodrome Theatre.
You may skip numerous heavy lifting by having your roofing supplier hoist the shingles onto the roof. A cool roof beneath the same situations could stay greater than 50°F cooler and save vitality and money by utilizing much less air-con. Most modern roofs and many aged ones have techniques of valleys, gutters, waterspouts, waterheads and drainpipes to remove the water from the vicinity of the constructing.
Reduced materials waste from re-roofing. If this self-stick ice-and- water underlayment bridges each side of the decking, leaving a gap beneath, it may tear once you put in the steel valley flashing. Roofs made of minimize turf (modern ones often called inexperienced roofs , conventional ones as sod roofs ) have good insulating properties and are more and more inspired as a approach of "greening" the Earth.
Tiles can be glazed to provide waterproofing or coated to provide custom-made colours and floor properties. But when you do not use starter shingles, water will run in between the seams on the primary row and right onto the underlayment, growing the chances of a leak. Howard Libit, government director of the Baltimore Jewish Council, stated the incident was regarding to the Jewish neighborhood, and he understood why theatergoers frightened the outburst might have signaled the start of a more violent episode.
You might also contemplate putting in a green roof. How much power you'll save depends on a number of elements comparable to your home's local weather and setting, how nicely insulated your present roof is, the kind of roof you have, and the effectivity of your heating and cooling system. Green roofs also present insulation, lower the need for heating and cooling, and might cut back the city warmth island impact.


Neil Jenkins MBE (born 8 July 1971) is a former rugby union player and current coach. He played fly-half, centre (rugby union), or full back for Pontypridd, Cardiff, Celtic Warriors, Wales and the British and Irish Lions. Jenkins is Wales' highest ever points-scorer and is the third highest on the List of leading Rugby union Test point scorers. He was the first player to score 1,000 points in international matches.
In 2004 Jenkins joined the coaching staff of the Wales national rugby union team and is the kicking skills coach.
Jenkins was born in Church Village near Pontypridd, Wales to a scrap dealer and his wife. He attended Llanilltud Faerdref primary school and then Bryn Celynnog Comprehensive school in Beddau.
Jenkins joined Pontypridd in 1990, making his First XV debut on 14 April.
He made his Wales debut aged 19 on 19 January 1991 against England during the Five Nations Championship in Cardiff, a game that Wales lost 25–6, but Jenkins scored his first three points thanks to a penalty. After the Five Nations campaign, Jenkins missed out on a place in the Welsh World Cup squad – the number ten position having been taken up by Mark Ring.
Jenkins' main strength was his kicking, although he was deceptively quick in his early career. Despite this, he still received tremendous criticism and many felt that he was not worthy enough to inherit the Welsh number 10 shirt of Graham Henry, and became an excellent distributor of the ball, notably his excellent flat passes, and also a strong runner. After just 28 test matches for Wales, he became the nation's record points-scorer.
Jenkins went on the 1997 British Lions tour to South Africa, playing full back in all three tests. His accurate goalkicking enabled the Lions to beat the Springboks during the first two tests, and thus secure the series 2–1.
In the final match of the 1999 Five Nations Championship, Jenkins kicked a conversion in the dying moments of the game to beat England 32–31 at Wembley to deny their English counterparts the title, as Scotland won on points difference, with Wales finishing third.
In October 2000, Jenkins was given an MBE for services to sport. He picked up the MBE from Buckingham Palace before being flown back to the Welsh capital by helicopter for a rugby match in which he scored all 24 points for Cardiff in their 24–14 win over Saracens.
In 2001, Jenkins became the first ever rugby player to break the 1,000 international points mark, with a 28-point haul featuring a Full House of a try, conversion, drop-goal, and penalty against France in Paris.
Jenkins went on the 2001 British and Irish Lions tour to Australia, but was carrying an injury, allowing English fly-half Jonny Wilkinson to become the preferred fly-half and goalkicker. However, Jenkins did gain his fourth Lions cap as a late replacement in the second test.
Kicking always remained his major strength – in the 2003-04 Celtic League, he was successful with a world record 44 consecutive kicks at goal for the now defunct Celtic Warriors.
His final match for Wales was on 1 November 2002 in Wrexham against Romania, with Wales winning 40–3. Jenkins was left out of Wales' 2003 Rugby World Cup squad, and subsequently announced his retirement from international rugby after an 11-year career.
During his 87 caps for Wales he scored 1,049 points (11 tries, 130 conversions, 235 penalties and 10 drop goals) and a further 41 points (1 conversion and 13 penalties) during his 4 caps for the British and Irish Lions for a grand total of 1,090 points. He retired as the only player to score over 1,000 points in international rugby. Jenkins' world record was subsequently broken by Jonny Wilkinson.
Despite the early public criticism, Jenkins has established himself as one of the most recognisable figures in Welsh rugby and many rugby fans hold him in extremely high regard. Although he is no longer the leading points scorer in Test history, he is still considered to be one of the most accomplished goalkickers in rugby.
In the autumn of 2004 Jenkins returned to the Welsh Rugby Union in the capacity of Kicking Skills Coach, working with the then newly formed WRU Academies to improve the future generations of outside halves. In the summer of 2006 he returned to the National Squad set up as Skills Coach, where he first worked for Gareth Jenkins during the 2007 Rugby World Cup campaign and subsequently Warren Gatland's new-look management team.
During the 2007–2008 season, Jenkins helped the Welsh national team to a second Six Nations Grand Slam in four years.
On 8 June 2009 it was announced that Jenkins would be joining the British and Irish Lions as specialist kicking coach on their tour of South Africa.
In 1999, Jenkins released his autobiography: Life at number 10: An Autobiography with freelance journalist Paul Rees just a matter of weeks before breaking the International points scoring record. The book was republished in 2001 by Mainstream Publishing.
Also, on 10 November 2003 a DVD was released as a tribute, called Jenks – A Rugby Legend, the DVD tells the story of Jenkins from his start as a working class boy in the Welsh Valleys to the pinnacle of rugby.
In honour of Jenkins' Testimonial career, the famous Grogg Shop in Pontypridd made a "Limited Edition Testimonial Action" Grogg of Jenkins. Wanting to make something special for the occasion, the Grogg was the first ever to stand on just one leg and took over 6 months to create. Only 100 were made, all of which were hand-painted in a variety of rugby kits – only three of which were in the Lions jersey, one owned by Jenkins, one by his mother and the other by Mike Donald of Ebbw Vale who bought the Grogg at an auction for £4,100.
^ "Neil Jenkins playing profile". Pontypridd RFC. 1990-04-14. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
^ a b c "Rugby photographic encyclopedia & rugby union player/hero images". Sporting-heroes.net. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
^ Palmer, Bryn (2003-05-12). "The Ginger Monster bows out". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
^ "News | British & Irish Lions |Official Website: Woodward to note Welsh achievement". Lionsrugby.com. 2005-03-22. Retrieved 2013-06-17.


There are lots of reasons why some children have to live away from home for a period of time. These reasons may be ill health of a parent, a family crisis, the child's behaviour or because a child may be at risk if they remain living at home.
If you are a foster carer this section will help you to support your children with their education.
Find out what we do to improve the outcomes for children in our care.
LAC reviews are meetings to get people together to share information and make plans about a child's placement.
Leaving care can be an exciting but also uncertain time as young people may feel there is no-one to help. We will help to plan your after care support.
Find out how we can provide opportunities for young people to become engaged with sports, arts and culture and leisure activities.
Find out more about your rights and how to make your voice heard. We can help make sure that someone's voice is heard.


text:
List Prices $40.00 USD, £29.00 GBP
Citizen Welles
A Biography of Orson Welles
By Frank Brady
George Orson Welles (1915–1985) is considered to be among the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. At just twenty-five years old, he cowrote, produced, directed, and starred in his Academy Award–winning debut film Citizen Kane (1941). His innovative and distinctive directorial style—nonlinear narratives, unusual camera angles, deep focus shots, and long takes—continues to be emulated by directors and cinematographers to this day. The brilliant yet provocative Welles won multiple Grammys, a Golden Globe, and the greatest honor the Directors Guild of America bestowed: the D. W. Griffith Award. His final film, The Other Side of the Wind, was released in 2018, 33 years after his death.
In Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles, author Frank Brady presents a comprehensive and complete picture of the artist and auteur. Painstakingly researched, Brady delves into Welles's creative achievements, from his critically acclaimed film Citizen Kane and controversial radio broadcast "The War of the Worlds" (1938) to his starring turn on Broadway in Shaw's Heartbreak House (for which he made the cover of Time). Brady also explores other notable films, including The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Touch of Evil (1958), and Chimes at Midnight (1965). This all-encompassing work also details the personal side of Welles's life, including his romances with Rita Hayworth and Dolores Del Rio and the confounding tragedy of his final years. Presented is a captivating and compelling encapsulation of the revered and respected artist.
Frank Brady is an American writer, editor, and professor emeritus at St. John's University. Brady has authored over ten books and is best known for his work on chess genius Bobby Fischer. His critically acclaimed biographies include Bobby Fischer: Profile of a Prodigy, Onassis: An Extravagant Life, Barbra Streisand: An Illustrated Biography, Hefner, and Endgame: Bobby Fischer's Remarkable Rise and Fall.
"Citizen Welles is a serious, respectful, well-written, and ultimately moving account. . . . The author of biographies of Bobby Fischer, Barbra Streisand, and Aristotle Onassis writes with obvious sympathy and affection for Welles. . . . As an exhaustively detailed catalogue of everything he ever did on the stage, on radio and in film, as well as everything he ever wanted to do, Citizen Welles may well be definitive."—The New York Times
"Monumental, authoritative, and exhaustive. . . . If [Brady's biography] is not definitive, it is probably because Welles may not ultimately be definable. Brady's detailing of Welles's life is amazingly full."—The Los Angeles Times
Publisher University Press of Kentucky
Series Screen Classics
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edited by Adam M. Rosen, with contributions by Landon Palmer, Nathan Abrams, Lenika Cruz, James Curnow, John Donegan, John Dyck, Ernest Mathijs, Matt Foy, Keith Kahn-Harris, Amanda Ann Klein, James MacDowell, Renee Middlemost, Ross Mori...
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