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Tour Palazzo Della Luna on Fisher Island
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by Kimberly Fisher
Kimberly Fisher
Kimberly Fisher is a Pursuitist contributor. As a freelance writer…
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In times like this, living on your own island sounds ideal. While complete isolation may not be the perfect solution for many affluent families, a private island with limited access is the perfect solution. Palazzo Della Luna is the newest luxury condo project on Fisher Island, where residents can live in the epicenter of Miami, while in an insulated island environment void of outside disturbances, a zero percent crime rate, and all of the amenities one could wish for. Originally owned by Carl Fisher, then traded to William K. Vanderbilt II, this one-of-a-kind island offers a rare bubble of 216 acres of seclusion; complete with testing for all residents and staff, making it one of the safest spaces in the world during this time.
Accessible only by ferry (equipped with a thorough security system) or boat, the low-density oasis has just 850 homes on 250 acres, complete with a school, market, restaurants, tennis courts (with all four Grand Slam surfaces), spa, hotel, and more.
With the completion of the second residential building in the new two-phase luxury development, The developer, Fisher Island Holdings LLC, will soon release an expanded offering of move-in-ready residences and limited-edition turnkey designer homes in the full-service boutique building. Comprised of 50 three- to seven-bedroom residences ranging in size from 3,724 square feet to 10,194 square feet and priced from $6.5 to $40 million, the 10-story Palazzo Della Luna represents the epitome of luxury for the Florida island community continually ranked by Bloomberg as the wealthiest zip code in the United States.
Each residence features a contemporary open floor plan, private elevator entry, wide-plank European oak wood flooring throughout, and panoramic views of the ocean, bay, South Beach, Downtown Miami and Fisher Island. The highest quality interior appointments delivered in every home include Lualdi doors, BOFFI kitchens with Miele appliances and Sub-Zero refrigeration, BOFFI master bathrooms with custom "Fisher Island" soaking tub, Margraf statuary book-matched marble and Dornbracht and Duravit plumbing controls and fixtures throughout.
"The completion of Palazzo Della Luna marks the collective achievements of a dedicated team of professionals who, like our residents, hail from around the world," said developer Heinrich von Hanau. "From design to execution, we have sought to deliver a truly incomparable building and lifestyle of exceptional quality and service. We've accomplished this enormous undertaking and elevated Fisher Island even further thanks to the countless contributions of hundreds of people. From the Italian artisans to New York designers, local tradespersons and European and Latin American consultants, everyone involved with this project shares a vision for excellence and we are immensely proud of Palazzo Della Luna."
Architect Kobi Karp and general contractor ASR Construction designed and built the Mediterranean-influenced Palazzo Della Luna with contemporary sophistication in mind. Landscape architect Enzo Enea shaped the buildings' shared outdoor spaces along with designing the two pool terraces. A beautiful Central Park connects Palazzo Della Luna and Palazzo Del Sol with outdoor gardens, a regulation-size croquet lawn, bocce ball court, and a serenity yoga lawn. Together the buildings and their luxuriant grounds occupy 8.1 prime waterfront acres of Fisher Island.
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The interiors were completed by New York-based interior design firm Champalimaud Design. Namesake Alexandra Champalimaud and partner Winston Kong global portfolio includes The Beverly Hills Hotel, The Dorchester London, The Waldorf Astoria New York, Four Seasons Jakarta, St. Regis Beijing and The Peak Mount Nicholson in Hong Kong. At Palazzo Della Luna, Champalimaud curated the lobbies, indoor amenities, and two turnkey model residences. Their unique design blends classical grandeur, old-world style and sophisticated contemporary accents against the backdrop of a tropical island oasis.
Six-star service and a multitude of amenities are offered at the property including multi-lingual concierge service, valet parking, a waterfront north lobby lounge with white-glove butler-serviced aperitivo bar and intimate reading lounge, beauty salon for hair, makeup and nails, private treatment and massage suites, a media room, business center, and fitness center designed by The Wright Fit. A catering kitchen staffed by a chef will offer gourmet meal service to residents in the waterfront lounge, by the pool or direct to their residences. The Kidville children's playroom in Palazzo Della Luna was designed by the well-known family brand in collaboration with students at Fisher Island Day school who helped inspire the theme, design and play features found in "Kidville Cove".
Residents will also enjoy amenities exclusive to both buildings including sunrise and sunset infinity-edge pools, a pool bar with towel and refreshment service, his & her spa cabana with sauna, steam, and shower, expansive pool terraces with lush landscaping, and nine poolside cabanas available for purchase. The premier Fisher Island Club recently completed a $60 million renovation to its expansive amenities, including the oceanfront Beach Club, Vanderbilt Mansion, par-35 championship nine-hole golf course designed by P.B. Dye, a state-of-the-art tennis center with 18 lighted courts, and two private deep-water marinas, among others.
For more information please visit palazzodellaluna.com.
ASR ConstructionChampalimaud DesignEnzo Eneafisher islandFour Seasons JakartaKobi KarpPalazzo Della LunaSt. Regis Beijing and The Peak Mount Nicholson in Hong KongThe Beverly Hills HotelThe Dorchester LondonThe Waldorf Astoria New York
Kimberly Fisher is a Pursuitist contributor. As a freelance writer and on-camera host, Kimberly works over several multi-media platforms, including print, on-camera and live events.Kimberly has traveled the world, been a travel expert for eHow.com, and has published over 400 articles in over 44 publications including eHow, Examiner, Food Wine Travel Magazine, Huffington Post, Luxe Beat, NiteGuide, Ocean View, JustLuxe, Sherman's Travel and USA Today.
Kimberly Fisher September 20, 2020
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Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof ist der größte Bahnhof in Frankfurt am Main. Mit täglich etwa 493.000 Reisenden ist er nach dem Hamburger Hauptbahnhof der am zweitstärksten frequentierte Fernbahnhof in Deutschland. Der 1888 als "Centralbahnhof Frankfurt" eröffnete Kopfbahnhof gehört zu den 21 Bahnhöfen der höchsten Preisklasse von DB Station&Service und zählt zur 2018 von DB Netz eingeführten Kategorie der Metropolbahnhöfe. Aufgrund seiner zentralen Lage bezeichnet ihn die Deutsche Bahn AG als wichtigste Verkehrsdrehscheibe im deutschen Zugverkehr.

An Spitzentagen passieren circa 1170 Züge den Kopfbahnhof. Mit insgesamt 493.000 Reisenden und Besuchern pro Tag war er 2019 der Bahnhof mit dem zweitgrößten Aufkommen in Deutschland. Neben dem Hauptbahnhof hat Frankfurt mit dem Südbahnhof, dem Westbahnhof und dem Flughafen-Fernbahnhof drei weitere Fernbahnhöfe.

Unter dem Bahnhofsgebäude befinden sich ein viergleisiger S-Bahnhof und ein U-Bahnhof, mit denen der Anschluss an das innerstädtische und regionale Schnellbahnnetz hergestellt ist.

Lage
Der Bahnhof liegt im Frankfurter Stadtteil Gallus am südwestlichen Ende des Alleenrings. Teile der "B‑Ebene" liegen unterhalb des Bahnhofsviertels. Das Gebäude wird im Süden durch die Mannheimer Straße, im Norden durch die Poststraße und im Osten durch den Platz Am Hauptbahnhof begrenzt. Im Westen liegt das Gleisvorfeld.

Geschichte

Ausgangssituation
Bevor der Hauptbahnhof auf dem Galgenfeld gebaut wurde, standen am damaligen Stadtrand, der Gallusanlage, dem Areal des heutigen Bahnhofsviertels, die drei Westbahnhöfe als Endpunkte der Taunusbahn, der Main-Weser-Bahn und der Main-Neckar-Bahn.

Planungen

Durch das erhöhte Aufkommen an Reisenden am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die Kapazität der drei Westbahnhöfe zunehmend unzureichend, allerdings wurden Änderungen durch die territorialen Zugehörigkeiten der die Freie Stadt Frankfurt umgebenden Staaten erschwert. Nach der Annexion Frankfurts, Nassaus und Hessen-Kassels durch Preußen 1866 waren die diesbezüglichen Hindernisse weitgehend ausgeräumt, so dass die Planung für einen Centralbahnhof ernsthaft aufgenommen wurde. Die Unzulänglichkeit des bestehenden Zustandes wurde vor allem im Deutsch-Französischen Krieg 1870/71 offenbar, als die Truppenbewegungen durch die verteilt liegenden Bahnhöfe spürbar behindert wurden. Der neue Bahnhof sollte, wie auch schon die drei Westbahnhöfe zuvor, als Kopfbahnhof verwirklicht werden. Zunächst wurde ein Großbahnhof mit 34 Bahnsteiggleisen geplant. Wegen der riesigen Dimension kam dann aber eine Variante mit "nur" 18 Bahnsteiggleisen zum Zuge. Post- und Güterabfertigung sollten unter der Bahnhofshalle erfolgen, der Nahverkehr außerhalb abgefertigt werden, was durch den später errichteten Güterbahnhof realisiert wurde. Die Stadtverordnetenversammlung, die erst ab 1875 ein Mitspracherecht bekam, wollte außerdem die Bahnanlagen vom Anlagenring ins ehemalige Galgenfeld (siehe Geschichte des Gallus) verlegen. Auf der dadurch vom Bahnbetrieb frei werdenden Fläche des Gleisfeldes der Westbahnhöfe sollte ein neuer Stadtteil mit der Kaiserstraße als Hauptachse entstehen. Diese Variante hatte zudem den großen Vorteil, dass während der Bauphase der Betrieb weitgehend ungestört erfolgen konnte, da der neue Bahnhof die bisherigen Strecken kaum beeinträchtigte.

Ab 1880 wurde von der Preußischen Akademie für Bauwesen ein Wettbewerb unter Beteiligung sämtlicher bedeutender Architekten veranstaltet, einen "höchste künstlerische Kraft herausfordernden Denkmalbau" zu entwerfen. 1881 ging aus diesem Architekturwettbewerb unter 55 eingesandten Entwürfen der des Landbauinspektors und Universitätsbaumeisters Hermann Eggert aus Straßburg im Elsass als Sieger hervor. Er wurde mit der Planung und Baudurchführung des Empfangsgebäudes beauftragt. Der Berliner Architekt Johann Wilhelm Schwedler, der auf die Stahlbauweise spezialisiert war, erzielte den zweiten Platz. Er wurde zum Konstrukteur der drei neuartigen in Eisenkonstruktion ausgeführten Bahnhofshallen mit 28 Metern hohem Tonnengewölbe, die je drei Bahnsteige zu sechs Gleisen umfassten.

Realisierung
Am 18. August 1888 konnte nach nur fünf Jahren Bauzeit der Centralbahnhof Frankfurt eingeweiht werden. In den nächsten Jahren entstand das östlich des Empfangsgebäudes liegende Bahnhofsviertel, ein Areal, das bis etwa 1900 vollständig bebaut wurde. Bis zum Bau des Leipziger Hauptbahnhofs 1915 war der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof der größte Bahnhof Europas.

Bahnbetrieb
Der Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt am Main wurde für Linienbetrieb eingerichtet. Ein- und Ausfahrgleise einer Strecke lagen dabei nebeneinander.

Bereits am Abend des Eröffnungstages konnte ein Zug nicht rechtzeitig bremsen und überfuhr den Prellbock. Dabei wurden die Lok und das Pflaster des Querbahnsteigs beschädigt. Dies war der Beginn einer ganzen Serie derartiger Vorkommnisse, die in der Presse einigen Spott auslösten. "Höhepunkt" war die "schwungvolle" Überfahrt der Lokomotive des Ostende-Wien-Express am 6. Dezember 1901. Dabei kamen Lokomotive und Schlepptender erst im Wartesaal der ersten und zweiten Klasse zum Stehen.

Viele Lokomotivführer fuhren deshalb sehr vorsichtig in den Bahnhof ein und kamen in einigem Abstand vor den Prellböcken zum Halt. Das wiederum führte dazu, dass die letzten Wagen der Züge vor den Bahnsteigen zum Halten kamen, was der Betriebsleitung aber auch nicht Recht war. Die Lokführer wurden ermahnt, "möglichst nahe an die Prellböcke heranzufahren".

Erweiterungen und Umbauten
1924 wurde das Gebäude um zwei äußere Hallen im Neoklassizistischen Stil erweitert. Die Gleiszahl erhöhte sich auf 25 (Gleise 1 bis 24 und 1a). Am Südeingang wurden Reliefs mit Motiven der Wandervogel-Bewegung angebracht.

Im Zweiten Weltkrieg war der Bahnhof Ziel von Luftangriffen der Alliierten, so z. B. am 11. Dezember 1944, als knapp 1000 Tonnen Mehrzweckbomben auf den Bahnhof abgeworfen wurden. Dieser war allerdings durch die Luftangriffe auf Frankfurt am Main auch schon zuvor beschädigt. Vor allem die Verglasung der Bahnsteighallen war zerstört. Um die Fahrgäste vor Regen zu schützen, wurden die ehemaligen Glasflächen zum Teil mit Holz geschlossen, ein Provisorium, das nahezu 60 Jahre erhalten blieb. Dienststellen, die betrieblich nicht unbedingt vor Ort sein mussten, wurden ausgelagert, das Fundbüro zum Beispiel in den Bahnhof Frankfurt-Höchst.

1956 wurde der Bahnhof vollständig elektrifiziert.

Zwischen 1955 und 1957 wurde ein 22 Meter hoher Stellwerksturm errichtet. In ihm wurde 1957 das damals größte und modernste Gleisbildstellwerk Europas (mit Zugnummernmeldeanlage) in Betrieb genommen. 16 Bediener steuerten die 15.000 Relais umfassende Anlage. Das auf Höhe der Gleise 9 und 10 errichtete Gebäude steht heute unter Denkmalschutz.

Ebenfalls 1957 wurden neun Rangier-Dampfloks durch sieben Diesel-Rangierloks ersetzt. In den frühen 1960er Jahren wurde die größte Expressgutabfertigung Deutschlands unter dem Bahnhof eingerichtet. Allein 15 Millionen Stück Gepäck und Expressgut wurden in diesen Jahren jährlich abgefertigt. Zu den Anlagen gehörte auch ein Versorgungszentrum für den Bahnhof und die Speisewagen, mit eigener Konditorei, Großbäckerei und Metzgerei. Zwei Bahnpostämter gehörten ebenfalls zu den umfangreichen Anlagen, ebenso wie 70 Lastenaufzüge.

Im Lichte wachsender innerstädtischer Verkehrsprobleme wurde in den 1960er Jahren die Idee einer innerstädtischen Verbindungsbahn trotz betriebswirtschaftlicher Unrentabilität wieder aufgegriffen.

Mit dem B-Tunnel der Frankfurter U-Bahn in der Innenstadt begann 1971 der Bau der unterirdischen Bahnanlagen. Als Verteilungsebene entstand eine große Ladenpassage (B-Ebene), von der aus zwei je viergleisige Schnellbahnhöfe – ein U-Bahnhof (C-Ebene), sowie ein S-Bahnhof (D-Ebene) – und eine dreigeschossige Tiefgarage (die zum Teil auch als Zivilschutzraum genutzt werden kann), durch zahlreiche Gänge und Treppen erschlossen wird. Dies waren damals die ersten öffentlichen Fahrtreppen in der Stadt. Von der 1978 eröffneten B-Ebene ist auch die Straßenbahnhaltestelle auf dem Platz vor dem Hauptbahnhof, Am Hauptbahnhof zu erreichen – vormals ausschließlich auf diesem Weg. Inzwischen gibt es auch wieder einen Fußgängerüberweg auf Straßenniveau.

Die unterirdischen Anlagen wurden in offener Bauweise errichtet: Für den Bau des unter der Fernbahnhalle liegenden S-Bahnhofs wurde der Nordflügel des Empfangsgebäudes ab 12. Januar 1972 abgetragen und später unter Verwendung der originalen Fassadenverkleidung neu errichtet. Die unterirdischen Bahnhöfe wurden 1978 in Betrieb genommen.

Zeitgleich entstand auch ein zweigeschossiger Luftschutzbunker, der Bahnangestellten im Ernstfall Schutz bieten sollte. Aus diesem Bunker konnte der gesamte Telefonbetrieb abgewickelt werden. Weiterhin war eine Bedienung der Lautsprecheranlage möglich. Auch wenn heute keine Vorräte wie Konservendosen mehr eingelagert werden, sind die technischen Anlagen (Luftfilteranlagen, Stromgeneratoren) weiterhin voll einsatzbereit.

Bereits Anfang der 1970er Jahre wurde die Bahnsteigkartenpflicht aufgehoben und die dazu notwendigen Bahnsteigsperren zurückgebaut.

Zur Einführung des ICE-Betriebs im Juni 1991 wurden die beiden Bahnsteige der Gleise 6 bis 9 verbreitert, erhöht und verlängert. Der Platz für die Verbreiterung wurde gewonnen, indem die – inzwischen funktionslosen – Gepäckbahnsteige abgerissen wurden.

Von 2002 bis 2006 wurden die unter Denkmalschutz stehenden Dächer der fünf Bahnsteighallen im laufenden Betrieb unter Berücksichtigung denkmalpflegerischer Aspekte komplett erneuert. Insgesamt wurden etwa 60.000 Quadratmeter Dach- und Wandverkleidung, davon etwa 30.000 Quadratmeter Glasfläche, erneuert und 5000 Tonnen Stahl ausgetauscht. Für diese Grundinstandsetzung wurde als Montagekonzept ein spezielles Taktverfahren entwickelt. In zehn Metern Höhe wurde für die Dauer der Bauarbeiten eine Montage- und Transportplattform über die Länge des Daches eingezogen. Im mittleren Bereich dieser Plattform wurden Turmdrehkrane installiert. Stützlasten bis zu 150 Tonnen je Stütze wurden teilweise bis in die Kellergeschosse durchgeleitet und dort gegründet. Im Taktverfahren waren alle Arbeitsgänge so integriert, dass alle zwei Wochen die Plattformen um ein Feld (9,3 Meter) je Halle verfahren wurden. Schraubverbindungen anstatt Nieten dienen seitdem als Verbindungsmittel, die eigens entwickelte Nietkopfschraube erlangte die Zulassung im Einzelfall durch das Eisenbahn-Bundesamt. Durch die Sanierung des Bahnhofsdaches wird deutlich mehr Tageslicht eingelassen. Die Binder, die das Dach tragen, wurden wie im Originalzustand hellgrau gestrichen und wirken damit heller. Die Zierrosetten in den Zwickeln sind nun dunkelblau gestrichen und kommen so besser zur Geltung. Das gesamte Baugeschehen spielte sich nahezu unbemerkt zehn Meter über den Köpfen der Reisenden ab.

Kurz nach Beginn der Arbeiten kam es zu einem Zwischenfall. Bei Schweißarbeiten geriet ein Teil des Daches des Nordteils des Empfangsgebäudes in Brand. Hierbei wurde die "Lüftungszentrale Nord" fast komplett zerstört und musste erneuert werden. Da während des Brandes weiter Luft angesaugt wurde, kam es auch im Inneren des Gebäudes, vor allem in der B-Ebene, zu Verschmutzungen und Schäden.

Insgesamt wurden 117 Millionen Euro in die Dachsanierung investiert. Die Kosten wurden zu 80 Prozent durch den Bund getragen.

2013 wurde die Fassade saniert.

Auch die sonstige Innengestaltung der Bahnhofs- und Empfangshallen sowie des Tiefbahnhofs wurde modernisiert. An Stelle der alten Fallblattanzeiger sind an den Bahnsteigen inzwischen Flüssigkristallbildschirme getreten. Sieben kubische Glas- und Stahlpavillons haben – wie im Wiesbadener Hauptbahnhof – die vorherige Bebauung des Querbahnsteigs abgelöst. Mitte 2006 sind ebenfalls kubische und transparente Aufzüge von den S-Bahnsteigen zur U-Bahn und auf den Querbahnsteig der Bahnsteighalle installiert worden.

Aufgrund des häufigen Diebstahls von Kofferkulis, der einen jährlichen Schaden von bis zu 30.000 Euro verursachte, wurde im Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof ein Sicherungssystem installiert, das ein Entfernen der Gepäckwagen vom Gelände der Bahn verhindern sollte. Beim Überschreiten einer roten Markierung blockierte das Vorderrad. Dieses System wurde ursprünglich für Einkaufswagen entwickelt und entsprechend angepasst. Der Verleih von Kofferkulis wurde später eingestellt, in Anbetracht der gestiegenen Fahrgastzahlen wäre für einen sicheren Betrieb auch kein Platz mehr.

1998 begann die Planung sowie Ende 2001 die Umsetzung eines Elektronischen Stellwerks vom Typ SIMIS C, dessen vierstufige Inbetriebnahme am 27. November 2005 abgeschlossen wurde. Es ersetzt das Gleisbildstellwerk von 1957, das insgesamt etwa 20 Millionen Zug- und 100 Millionen Rangierfahrten abwickelte. Das zwischen den Gleisen 9 und 10 angesiedelte Stellwerk Fpf galt zum Zeitpunkt seiner Inbetriebnahme als größtes und modernstes Stellwerk in Europa. Seit 27. März 1986 waren aufgrund von altersbedingten Verschleißerscheinungen, der Belastung der Anlage sowie der Isolierung der Innenraumverdrahtung Schaltungsänderungen an dem Stellwerk untersagt. Das neue Stellwerk gliedert sich in zwei Unterzentralen (Nord und Süd) und war bei seiner Inbetriebnahme das größte zweigeschossig unterkellerte Stellwerksgebäude Deutschlands.

Die Ein- und Ausfahrgeschwindigkeiten wurden von 30 km/h teilweise auf 40 bis 60 km/h angehoben und neue Fahrmöglichkeiten mit zusätzlichen Weichen geschaffen. Auf allen Zulaufstrecken wurde ein Gleiswechselbetrieb eingeführt, 13 Bahnsteiggleise des Hauptbahnhofs ferner in zwei Abschnitte eingeteilt (Zugdeckungssignale). Insgesamt umfasst die Anlage 845 Stelleinheiten, darunter 340 Weichen und Gleissperren sowie 67 Hauptsignale. Das Stellwerk wird heute aus der Betriebszentrale Frankfurt am Main von sechs Fahrdienstleitern und einem Knotendisponenten fernbedient. In das Stellwerk wurden 132 Millionen Euro investiert.

Mit dem neuen Stellwerk wird die Grundlage für zahlreiche Erweiterungen und Umbauten an den Gleisanlagen des Hauptbahnhofs und der zulaufenden Strecken gelegt, um die Bahnsteiggleise des Hauptbahnhofs zukünftig besser auszulasten und dessen Kapazität zu steigern.

Als Vorbereitung auf die Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2006 wurde seit November 2005 das Wegeleitsystem erneuert. Durch den Austausch der teilweise veralteten Beschilderung sollte eine schnelle und einfache Orientierung innerhalb des Bahnhofes möglich werden.

Bis 2007 wurden zudem die seit Jahrzehnten nicht mehr durchgängig erneuerten Fußböden und die Verkleidungen der Treppen einheitlich mit schwarzem Granit aus China belegt. Im Anschluss daran ist eine Umgestaltung des Bahnhofsvorplatzes, der B-Ebene und der S-Bahn-Station vorgesehen.

Von Juli bis September 2010 wurde der Bahnsteig 12/13 abgetragen und neu gebaut. Die Bahnsteigdecke wurde mit Betonsägen von der Unterkonstruktion getrennt, abschnittsweise abgebrochen und in Betonfertigteilen neu erstellt. Der neue Bahnsteig erhielt den gleichen Granit-Bodenbelag wie schon der Querbahnsteig und die Hauptbahnsteige. Der außerhalb der Halle liegende Teil wird mit einem neuen, 130 Meter langen Bahnsteigdach versehen. Insgesamt kostete die Bahnsteigsanierung 8,5 Millionen Euro.

Im Oktober 2020 begann der Umbau der B-Ebene und der Empfangshalle, die binnen acht Jahren vollständig umgestaltet werden. Bund, DB, Stadt und Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt investieren zusammen 375 Millionen Euro. Bis Ende 2024 soll zunächst die Empfangshalle umgebaut werden, der Vorplatz anschließend folgen.

Weitere Ausbauten
Die Kapazität einiger Zulaufstrecken gilt als erschöpft. Mehrere Linien (z. B. ICE-Linie 13 und RB-Linie 58) können teilweise nicht mehr über den Hauptbahnhof geführt werden. Für lange Fernzüge in Nord-Süd-Relation werden aus Gründen der Beschleunigung vorwiegend nur vier Bahnsteiggleise (Gleise 6 bis 9) genutzt.

Um eine Reihe von verkehrlichen Nachteilen von Kopfbahnhöfen im Allgemeinen und des Frankfurter Bahnknotens im Speziellen zu mildern, wurden seit der Inbetriebnahme des Frankfurter Hauptbahnhofs immer wieder Ideen und Vorschläge diskutiert, die Nachteile zu mildern oder den Bahnhof als Ganzes zu verlegen. Diese Vorschläge wurden aufgrund von technischen Problemen und fehlender Wirtschaftlichkeit verworfen.

In den 1980er und 1990er Jahren wurden verschiedene Varianten von unterirdischen Durchgangsbahnhöfen diskutiert. Das daraus hervorgegangene Konzept Frankfurt 21 sah vor, den Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof in einen zwölfgleisigen Durchgangsbahnhof umzubauen. Das 1996 vorgestellte Projekt wurde 2001 wegen fehlender Finanzierung zurückgestellt. Im weiteren Verlauf wurde das Projekt RheinMain plus verfolgt.

Die Deutsche Bahn plant, den Fern- und Regionalverkehr aus Richtung Mannheim, Mainz und der Neubaustrecke Köln-Rhein/Main zu entmischen. Fast der gesamte Fernverkehr soll auf der Südseite des Hauptbahnhofs, in den Gleisen 1 bis 8, konzentriert und Fahrstraßenkonflikte vermindert werden. Ein Teil des Regionalverkehrs soll auf die Nordseite verlagert werden. Dazu ist bis 2030 unter anderem der Bau einer als Kraftwerkskurve bezeichneten Verbindungskurve von Frankfurt Süd in die Bahnsteiggleise 1 bis 3 sowie der Einbau zusätzlicher Weichen im Vorfeld des Hauptbahnhofs vorgesehen. Von Juni 2017 bis November 2021 wurde der Homburger Damm zweigleisig ausgebaut. Nach Angaben von 2017 sollte der 800 Meter lange Ausbau 131 Millionen Euro kosten, letztlich wurden die Kosten mit rund 180 Millionen Euro angegeben. Die Kosten wurden vom Bund finanziert. Betrieblich soll die Strecke als "Ffm Hbf–Mainzer Landstraße" bezeichnet werden.

Bis 2019 sollen der Zugang von der B-Ebene und der Bahnhofsvorplatz für 175 Millionen Euro umgebaut werden. Für 134,5 Millionen sollen zwischen Anfang 2016 und Anfang 2019 mehr als 1000 Quadratmeter neue Einkaufsflächen entstehen. Die Stadt beteiligt sich daran mit 27,5 Millionen Euro. Bislang nicht genutzte Kellergeschosse sollen dafür genutzt werden. Am 21. Dezember 2015 unterschrieben die Deutsche Bahn und die Stadt Frankfurt einen Vertrag über die Modernisierung der unterirdischen Verteilerebene und zur Schaffung zusätzlicher Zugänge. Die Arbeiten sollen nunmehr im vierten Quartal 2016 beginnen und Mitte 2020 abgeschlossen werden. An den Baukosten von 135 Millionen Euro beteiligt sich die Stadt Frankfurt mit 27,5 Millionen Euro.

Der geplante Fernbahntunnel Frankfurt am Main soll von der Offenbacher Stadtgrenze bzw. vom Ostbahnhof zur Niederräder Mainbrücke verlaufen. Er soll den Hauptbahnhof entlasten und für viele Linien des Fernverkehrs zum unterirdisch gelegenen Durchgangsbahnhof machen. Das Projekt ist im "vordringlichen Bedarf" des Bundesverkehrswegeplans 2030 enthalten. Die Ergebnisse der Machbarkeitsstudie wurden am 28. Juni 2021 der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Die Bauzeit wird auf 10 Jahre nach Abschluss der Planung geschätzt. Mit dem Baubeginn wird für die 2030er Jahre, mit der Inbetriebnahme in den 2040er Jahren gerechnet. Die Baukosten werden auf 3,6 Milliarden Euro veranschlagt. Der Ausbau des Knotens ist eines von 13 Infrastrukturprojekten des Deutschlandtakts, die laut dem im November 2021 vorgelegten Koalitionsvertrag der rot-grün-gelben Bundesregierung "beschleunigt auf den Weg" gebracht und "mit hoher politischer Priorität" umgesetzt werden sollen.

Architektur

Oberirdischer Teil

Der oberirdische Teil des Frankfurter Hauptbahnhofs gliedert sich in das Empfangsgebäude und die Bahnsteighalle. Das Empfangsgebäude ist straßenseitig nach Osten gerichtet und öffnet damit den Kopfbahnhof in Richtung Bahnhofsviertel. Die Fassade des älteren Bauteils, den drei mittleren Bahnsteighallen vorgelagert, wurde im Stil der Neorenaissance gestaltet, die Erweiterungen des Empfangsgebäudes von 1924, den beiden äußeren Hallen vorgelagerten in neoklassizistischem Stil. Das Gebäude ist 270 Meter breit. Die Mitte des Empfangsgebäudes bildet die Hauptempfangshalle, deren straßenseitiger Eingang aus drei Türeinheiten gebildet wird, die durch zwei mächtige Pfeiler geteilt werden. In der Mitte darüber befinden sich eine verzierte Uhr mit den Allegorien von Tag und Nacht und das Firmenlogo der Deutschen Bahn mit dem Schriftzug "Hauptbahnhof". Die Teilung in drei Achsen wird auch im Dachbereich fortgesetzt, wo große Glasflächen das Tageslicht einlassen. Die Dreiteilung der Bahnsteighallen entsprach der ursprünglichen Nutzung durch drei Eisenbahngesellschaften: Taunus-Eisenbahn, Preußische Staatsbahn und Hessische Ludwigsbahn. Zu beiden Seiten der Fassade befindet sich je ein Turm. Auf der Dachmitte steht eine 6,3 Meter hohe in Bronze getriebene Figurengruppe des Braunschweiger Bildhauers Gustav Herold: Atlas, der die Weltkugel auf seinen Schultern trägt, begleitet von Symbolfiguren für Dampf und Elektrizität. Außerdem finden sich Figuren zu Handel und Ackerbau und zu Eisenindustrie und Schifffahrt.

Westlich des Empfangsgebäudes schließt sich die Bahnsteighalle an. Sie besteht aus fünf Stahl- und Glashallen, die auf einer Länge von 186 Metern die Bahnsteige überdachen. Die drei größeren Hallen haben eine Breite von 56 Metern und eine Höhe von 28 Metern, die beiden äußeren kleinen Hallen eine Breite von 31 Metern und eine Höhe von 20 Metern. Über die gesamte Breite der Hallen erstreckt sich der Querbahnsteig, der Zugang zu den 24 oberirdischen Hauptgleisen in den Hallen ermöglicht, nur das außen liegende Gleis 1a kann lediglich indirekt über den Bahnsteig am Gleis 1 erreicht werden. Die rechtwinklig zum Querbahnsteig angelegten Bahnsteige sind zusätzlich durch eine Unterführung (Quertunnel) im Westen verbunden. Außerhalb der Bahnsteighallen sind die Bahnsteige mit Dächern aus verschiedenen Epochen weitergeführt.

Katakomben

Unterhalb der Bahnsteighallen erstreckt sich ein weitläufiges System von Tunneln, in denen bis in die 1970er Jahre Post und Gepäck abgefertigt wurden. Sie hießen im Jargon der damaligen Eisenbahner Katakomben und waren ein Problem beim Errichten tragfähiger Gerüstpfeiler für die Dachsanierung, die Pfeiler mussten teilweise durch die Bahnsteige bis in die Tiefebenen hinabgetrieben werden.

In den Katakomben ruhen erhebliche Altlasten, zum Beispiel der ölgetränkte Untergrund der Werkstatt, in der früher die in den Tunneln verkehrenden Dieselschlepper gewartet wurden. Oberhalb des Tiefbahnhofes befinden sich außerdem verschiedene Diensträume, unter anderem ein zusätzliches Stellwerk für den Betrieb der S-Bahn Rhein-Main.

Tiefbahnhof

Der Tiefbahnhof besitzt vier Gleise (Gleise 101–104) und dient ausschließlich dem S-Bahn-Verkehr. Er befindet sich in der D-Ebene und ist über die Zugänge in der B-Ebene, vom U-Bahnhof über einen Korridor oder vom Querbahnsteig erreichbar. Bedient wird der Tiefbahnhof von den Linien S 1 bis S 6, S 8 und S 9, nicht jedoch von der S 7 und einem Teil der Verstärkerzüge der Linien S 8 und S 9 zum Flughafen.

Nutzung

Geschichte
Während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus wurden von Gleis 16 Deportationen im Rahmen des Holocaust durchgeführt.

Von Frankfurt am Main startete am 8. November 2007 der Zug der Erinnerung.

Bahnbetrieb

Im Fernverkehr verkehren 12 der 22 Intercity-Express-Linien sowie zwei der drei ICE-Sprinter-Linien (Stand: Jahresfahrplan 2010) über Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. Durch die Verlegung einiger Linien zum Flughafen Fernbahnhof und den Südbahnhof wird der Hauptbahnhof entlastet: Zwei ICE-Linien halten planmäßig nur am Flughafen, eine von ihnen fährt anschließend noch den Südbahnhof an. Seit Juni 2007 wird der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof durch eine ICE-Linie mit Paris verbunden. Seit 2009 wird er ebenfalls einmal täglich von einem TGV nach Paris angefahren, 2012 folgte ein weiterer nach Marseille.

Im Regionalverkehr ist der Hauptbahnhof der Hauptknotenpunkt des Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbundes (RMV). 15 RMV-Linien beginnen oder enden hier und verbinden Frankfurt regelmäßig mit Wiesbaden, Mainz, Koblenz, Neuwied, Limburg an der Lahn, Kassel, Gießen, Marburg, Treysa, Friedberg (Hessen), Nidda, Glauburg-Stockheim, Wetzlar, Herborn, Dillenburg, Haiger, Siegen, Offenbach am Main, Hanau, Wächtersbach, Bad Soden-Salmünster, Fulda, Aschaffenburg, Würzburg, Nürnberg, Darmstadt, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Dieburg, Erbach (Odenwald), Eberbach, Worms, Saarbrücken, Königstein im Taunus und Brandoberndorf. Im S-Bahn-Betrieb nimmt der Hauptbahnhof ebenfalls eine zentrale Rolle ein. Er wird von allen neun Linien der S-Bahn Rhein-Main angefahren, wobei die S 7 die einzige S-Bahn-Linie ist, die den Hochbahnhof bedient, während alle anderen S-Bahnen – mit Ausnahme einzelner Kurzpendel-Züge der S 8 und S9 – den Tiefbahnhof anfahren.

Im städtischen Nahverkehr wird der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof von der Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt (VGF) angefahren. Die Straßenbahnlinien 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20 und 21 sowie der Ebbelwei-Expreß verkehren hier. Die U-Bahn-Linien U4 und U5, die Omnibuslinien 33, 37, 46 und 64 sowie die Nachtbuslinien n8 und n83 fahren ebenfalls den Hauptbahnhof an.

Der Hauptbahnhof besitzt neben der zentralen Straßenbahnhaltestelle auf dem Bahnhofsvorplatz noch eine Station in der Münchener Straße (Hauptbahnhof/Münchener Straße) und an der Südseite des Empfangsgebäudes (Hauptbahnhof Südseite). In der Nähe des Nordausganges liegt zudem die Haltestelle Platz der Republik.

Des Weiteren gibt es am Hauptbahnhof noch die Bushaltestelle Hauptbahnhof/Karlstraße, welche von der Buslinie 64 und der Nachtbuslinie n8 bedient wird.

Verkehrsanbindung
Der Bahnhof wird nach DB-Angaben täglich von 342 Fernverkehrszügen, 290 Nahverkehrszügen und 1100 S-Bahn-Zügen bedient (Stand 2008).

Fernverkehr
Der Eisenbahnknoten Frankfurt ist einer der bedeutendsten in Deutschland. An Spitzentagen halten etwa 400 Fernverkehrszüge im Hauptbahnhof. Von 33 Linien des Schienenpersonenfernverkehrs der Deutschen Bahn, die wenigstens mit vier Zugpaaren pro Tag fahren, passieren 15 den Knoten, dessen zentrales Element der Hauptbahnhof ist. Diese verkehren meist im Zweistundentakt, jedoch ergibt sich durch Überlagerung mehrerer Linien mit ähnlichem Laufweg in vielen Fällen ein Stundentakt, nach Köln und Berlin sogar fast ein Halbstundentakt. Die Nachtreisezüge Euronight und ÖBB Nightjet, welche Frankfurt anfahren, halten an den Fernbahnhöfen Frankfurt (Main) Flughafen sowie Frankfurt (Main) Süd.

Zusätzlich verkehren an Wochenenden ergänzende Intercity-Züge von Frankfurt über Fulda nach Leipzig, Berlin und Westerland, die die Schnellfahrstrecken nutzen. Einmal täglich verkehrt auf der Strecke Frankfurt–Paris ein TGV-Zugpaar, ebenso gibt es seit dem 23. März ein TGV-Zugpaar über Karlsruhe, Straßburg und Lyon nach Marseille. Über verschiedene Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken sind die meisten Großstädte Deutschlands wie auch die im nahen Ausland innerhalb weniger Stunden erreichbar.

Von Dezember 2015 bis August 2016 war hier an einzelnen Wochentagen das südliche Ende des Hamburg-Köln-Expresses, der aufgrund mangelnder Fahrgastnachfrage seit September 2016 wieder in Köln beginnt bzw. endet.

Ende der 1960er Jahre wurden in Frankfurt mehr als 1200 Ein- und Ausfahrten pro Tag gezählt. 1977 wurden rund 180.000 Fahrgäste pro Tag gezählt. Mit 270 regelmäßig über den Hauptbahnhof verkehrenden Fernzügen pro Tag war der Hauptbahnhof im Sommerfahrplan 1989 der achtbedeutendste Knoten im Netz der Deutschen Bundesbahn. Im Jahresfahrplan 2004 war der Knoten Frankfurt am Main (Hauptbahnhof mit anderen Bahnhöfen) mit 470 regelmäßig verkehrenden Fernverkehrszügen pro Tag der bedeutendste Knoten im Netz der Deutschen Bahn. Im Jahr 2014 entfielen 35 Prozent der im Eisenbahnknoten Frankfurt entstandenen 480.749 Verspätungsminuten des Fernverkehrs auf den Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof.

Regional- und S-Bahn-Verkehr

Im Schienenpersonennahverkehr passieren an Spitzentagen etwa 650 Regionalverkehrszüge und 120 S-Bahn-Züge den Kopfbahnhof. Zu den Hauptverkehrszeiten (d. h. zwischen 6 und 9 Uhr sowie 14 bis 19 Uhr) verkehren jeweils etwa 80 Verstärkerzüge. Die Auflistung der unterirdisch haltenden S-Bahn-Linien finden sich im Artikel zum Tiefbahnhof.

Ausstattung
Die Hauptempfangshalle verfügt über ein Reisezentrum der Deutschen Bahn AG sowie über zahlreiche Fahrkartenautomaten. Die kleineren Empfangshallen enthalten Verwaltungs- und Geschäftsräume, zum Beispiel einen Markt im Bahnhof. Von der DB Lounge oder einem Café im Obergeschoss lässt sich die Perronhalle überblicken. Allerdings stehen auch erhebliche Flächen – insbesondere auf der Ebene des ersten Stockwerks – leer, so die Bereiche, die dort ehemals von der Post, der Kantine und dem Rail Transportation Office (RTO) der US-Streitkräfte genutzt wurden.

Größe

Nach dem Hamburger Hauptbahnhof (537.000 Reisende/Besucher pro Tag) steht der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof mit täglich 493.000 im Besucher- und Fahrgastaufkommen bei den Personenbahnhöfen in Deutschland an zweiter Stelle, noch vor dem Münchner Hauptbahnhof mit 413.000 Reisenden/Besucher.

Seiner Fläche nach gehört er zusammen mit dem Münchner Hauptbahnhof, Leipziger Hauptbahnhof und dem Zürcher Hauptbahnhof zu den größten Bahnhöfen Europas.

Mit 25 Bahnsteiggleisen hat der Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof mehr Bahnsteiggleise als der Leipziger Hauptbahnhof. Hinzu kommen die 4 Bahnsteiggleise im S-Bahn-Tiefbahnhof und 4 Bahnsteiggleise im U-Bahnhof. Die bebaute Fläche des Leipziger Hauptbahnhofes ist dagegen größer, bei täglich 135.000 Reisende und Besucher. Die DB Station&Service stuft beide Bahnhöfe in die höchste Preisklasse ein.

Kriminalität
2019 verzeichnete die Bundespolizei am Frankfurter Hauptbahnhof 4787 Delikte, mehr als an jedem anderen deutschen Bahnhof.

U-Bahn
Unter dem Bahnhofsvorplatz liegt eine U-Bahnstation, die von den Linien U4 und U 5 bedient wird.

Mauereidechse
Auf den Gleisanlagen gibt es ein Vorkommen der Mauereidechse.

Literatur
 nach Autoren / Herausgebern alphabetisch geordnet

Weblinks

 Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof auf der Website bahnhof.de der Deutschen Bahn

 Lageplan aller Geschäfte auf einkaufsbahnhof.de (DB Station&Service)
 Stationsplan Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof des Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbunds (PDF; 396 KiB)
 Detailinformationen zur Grundinstandsetzung 2002 bis 2006

Einzelnachweise

Hauptbahnhof
Hauptbahnhof in Deutschland
Kopfbahnhof
Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof
Neorenaissancebauwerk in Hessen
Bauwerk des Neoklassizismus in Hessen
Hauptbahnhof
Erbaut in den 1880er Jahren
Hauptbahnhof
Industriekultur Rhein-Main (Frankfurt am Main)
Hauptbahnhof
Hauptbahnhof
Main-Lahn-Bahn
Main-Neckar-Eisenbahn
Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof
Taunus-Eisenbahn
Bahnstrecke Mainz–Frankfurt
Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof
FrankfurtMain Hauptbahnhof
Bahnstrecke Frankfurt–Göttingen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On Oct. 1, 2016, Malcolm Jenkins, NFL Pro Bowl Safety for the Philadelphia Eagles, Super Bowl Champion, and former All-American Ohio State Buckeye, returned to his alma mater for homecoming and to watch the Buckeyes take on the Rutgers Scarlet Knights. During the first half of the football game, Jenkins participated in an on-field check presentation to The Ohio State University Athletic Department in the amount of $250,000.00, to support a new innovative life skills curriculum for current and former Ohio State student athletes.
In 2015, Jenkins collaborated with Anomaly Sports Group President, Luke Fedlam, and Ohio State Athletics Director of Development, Raymont Harris, to develop the player transition program, entitled The Complete Athlete Program (CAP). The CAP program launched in May 2016 with a two-day seminar for approximately 20 current and former student athletes to help equip them with the essential knowledge and resources needed to successfully transition from their collegiate playing career.
CAP participants were welcomed by Ohio State University Athletic Director, Gene Smith and participated in workshops held at Gerlach Hall on the Business School campus and at the Woody Hayes Athletic Complex. Jenkins committed to provide a significant financial contribution, as well as, participate in the launch of CAP.


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In what sounds like an oxymoron, the inaugural U.K. Americana Awards were held this week in London, with Jason Isbell taking home the honor of International Artist of the Year. Gretchen Peters' Blackbirds LP was named International Album of the Year. The event was held in conjunction with the two-day Americana Music Association U.K. conference.
To read this article in its entirety, visit Rolling Stone.


February 7, 2019 – Ottawa. It is with great sadness that the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (UCC) extends its deepest condolences to the family of Paul Dewar who passed away on February 6, 2019 in Ottawa. Our thoughts and prayers are with his wife Julia Sneyd, and two sons, Nathaniel and Jordan, as well as the rest of their family.
Paul Dewar is remembered as a strong friend of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Canadian community. He leaves a strong legacy through his work as Member of Parliament for Ottawa Centre (2006 to 2015) and as the NDP Foreign Affairs Critic for the Official Opposition (2011 to 2015).
A supporter of Ukraine in the most tumultuous of times, Mr. Dewar played a key role in shaping Canada's foreign policy on Ukraine. He was outspoken on human rights, governance reform and Canada's support for democracy in Ukraine. For his efforts Dewar was listed as one of thirteen Canadians banned from Russia in March 2014, which he characterized as a badge of honour.
In his final letter he called on Canadians to focus on involving young Canadians in improving our country and communities. Dewar created Youth Action Now, an initiative to raise money to help engage young people to get involved in their communities. That movement will be among his lasting legacies.
May his Memory be Eternal. Вічная Пам'ять.


At the biennial defense show in New Delhi this week, India was, as usual, being wooed. In one pavilion, a British colonel made a show of taking a sip of water, demonstrating a filtration technology that the U.K. is trying to sell to India's military and humanitarian market. In another, officials pointed out to reporters that the Eurofighter Typhoon warplane, a front runner for the multibillion-dollar deal that India ultimately signed with the French Rafale, was still very much on the table. Just in case India changes its mind.
With an estimated $80 billion to burn on military modernization over the next three years, India has become one of the world's most lucrative markets for players in the global defense industry, whose customers in the West are suffering from budget cuts amid slowing economies. But this year's expo was not just about importing more military might: for the first time, the spoken and unspoken word out at the massive convention center — as well as on the posters of individual companies — was about partnering with India to help increase its own arms production. While a recent report by a Swedish think tank revealed that India has now surpassed China to become the world's largest arms importer, India is now eyeing a place on the export list.
India's shift to focusing defense spending on domestic production rather than imports alone is relatively new. In January 2011, New Delhi released its first Defense Production Policy that set out the Defense Ministry's agenda for supporting a domestic defense-industrial base. Around the same time, the government said it would bring down import dependence from 70% to 30% over the next 10 years. A little over a year later, Defense Minister A.K. Antony told reporters at the expo that indigenization was "gaining speed" and that almost 40% of India's armament and equipment is now being made in the country.


text:
Igraj svoju igru 3 (eng. Ocean's Thirteen) je triler Stivena Soderberga iz 2007. godine. Nastavak je filmova Igraj svoju igru iz 2001. i Igraj svoju igru 2 iz 2004. godine. Glavne uloge u filmu igraju Džordž Kluni kao Deni Oušn, Bred Pit kao Rasti Rajan, Met Dejmon kao Lajnus Kaldvel i Al Pačino kao Vili Benk. Za razliku od prethodna dva filma, u njemu se ne pojavljuju ni Ketrin Zita-Džouns ni Džulija Roberts.

Snimanje je počelo u julu 2006. u Las Vegasu i Los Anđelesu, prema scenariju koji su napisali Brajan Kopelman i Dejvid Levijen. Premijerno je prikazan na Kanskom filmskom festivalu 2007. kao film "van konkurencije". U bioskopima u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama izašao je 8. juna 2007, ali u nekim zemljama na Bliskom istoku prikazan je 6. juna.

Radnja

Ruben Tiskof (Eliot Guld) je prisiljen od strane njegovog partnera Vili Benka (Al Pačino) da mu prepiše svoj deo hotela koji zajedno grade u Las Vegasu nakon što su osigurani neki važni detalji. Od tolike količine stresa Ruben doživljava srčani udar. Deni Oušn (Džordž Kluni) daje šansu Benku da popravi stvar i vrati Rubenu ono što je njegovo. Nakon što Vili odbija, Deni i njegova ekipa planiraju osvetu. Odlučuju da unište veče otvaranja hotela time što će ga sprečiti da dobije nagradu "Pet dijamanata", koju su osvojili svi prethodni Bankovi hoteli. Drugi deo plana je da nameste mašine u kazinu tako da to veče isplate više od 500 miliona američkih dolara, jer u tom slučaju kontrola nad kazinom mora biti predata komisiji za kockanje. Međutim, zbog jakog obezbeđenja nailaze na neke skoro nepremostive prepreke.

Uloge
 Džordž Kluni kao Deni Oušn
 Bred Pit kao Rasti Rajan
 Met Dejmon kao Lajnus Kaldvel
 Endi Garsija kao Teri Benedikt
 Don Čidl kao Bešer Tar
 Berni Mek kao Frenk Katon
 Kejsi Aflek kao Virdžil Meloj
 Skot Kan kao Turk Maloj
 Edi Džejmison kao Livingston Del
 Šaobo Kin kao Jen
 Karl Rajner kao Saul Blum
 Edi Izard kao Roman Nejgel
 Al Pačino kao Vili Benk
 Elen Barkin kao Ebigejl Sponder
 Vensan Kasel kao Fransoa Tulur

Budžet i zarada
Budžet za film bio je 85 miliona dolara.
Film je zaradio preko 398 miliona američkih dolara, što je manje nego prvi - 450 miliona i drugi deo trilogije - 435 miliona $.

Reakcija kritike
Komentari kritike su bili uglavnom pozitivni, što podržava činjenica da je na Roten tomejtousu film dobio 70% od kritike i 75% od publike. Ali bilo je negativnih komentara na račun kompleksnosti filma. Neki su govorili da je jako dopadljiv i duhovit dok je drugima prazan i predvidiv.

Zanimljivosti
 Ovo je prvi film nakon Kuma III u kojem se zajedno pojavljuju Al Pačino i Endi Garsija.
 Džulija Roberts i Ketrin Zita-Džouns su odbile da igraju u filmu kao sporedne uloge, a scenario nije mogao da se promeni tako da one učestvuju u filmu.
 Deo filma je snimljen u originalnom kazinu Belađu.

Reference

Spoljašnje veze

Филмови 2007.
Амерички филмови
Филмски серијали
Филмови на енглеском језику
Акциони филмови
Филмске комедије
Криминалистички филмови
Филмови студија Warner Bros.


* InnoDB; Partitioning: When OPTIMIZE TABLE rebuilt a partitioned InnoDB table, it placed the resulting partition tablespace files (*.ibd files) in the default data directory instead of the directory specified using the DATA DIRECTORY option.
* InnoDB: Running REPLACE operations on multiple connections resulted in a hang.
* InnoDB: MySQL stalled when syncing the InnoDB full-text index cache.
* InnoDB: A CREATE TABLE ... DATA DIRECTORY operation failed to create a table while innodb_flush_method was set to O_DIRECT.
* InnoDB: The innodb_open_files setting could exceed the open files limit.
* Replication: Issuing STOP SLAVE caused a spurious Error reading packet from server: Lost connection to MySQL server during query message to be written to the error log. With this fix, when connection to the master is lost, the abort_slave flag is checked and the error message is printed only if the flag is not set.
* Replication: In Slave_worker::write_info(), DBUG_ENTER() had "Master_info::write_info" as its argument instead of "Slave_worker::write_info". This fix corrects the argument. Thanks to Stewart Smith for the patch.
* Replication: When a multi-threaded slave stopped with an error, the same error message was printed three times. Now, the SQL thread's kill acceptance status is saved, and only printed once.
* Replication: mysqlbinlog --verbose displayed BINARY and VARBINARY data as ordinary strings, causing any single quote ("'") or backslash ("\") among the data to be printed as such, which was confusing to the users and, in the case of a backslash, caused the next character to be skipped. This fix makes mysqlbinlog print the characters' hexadecimal values ("\x27" for single quote and "\x5c" for backslash) instead.
* Replication: The test case main.merge failed when the variables binlog_format was set to "ROW," as the server tried to get information for table creation for a child table before it was opened. With this fix, the server skips getting information for the table in the situation.
* There were two fixes required for this bug.
- If a DROP TABLE statement used to drop a single table fails, to avoid partial results causing this bug the query is not written to the binary log. If a DROP TABLE statement used to drop a list of tables fails, any partial results it generates are written to the binary log with an error.
- When a query that generates an error as expected was received by a slave but it was skipped due to replication filters, the slave was incorrectly checking the error. The fix ensures that this comparison of the expected error from the master with the actual error from the slave does not happen.
* Integer overflow could occur during client handshake processing, leading to a server exit.
* The System-V initialization script for RHEL6 or older failed to enable the mysqld service by default.
* When ExtractValue() found no match for the supplied expression, it returned NULL instead of an empty string as expected.
* This issue affected MySQL 5.6.28 and 5.6.29 only.
* Improper host name checking in X509 certificates could permit man-in-the-middle attacks.
* A boolean mode full-text search caused a segmentation fault.
* Concurrent selecting and flushing of a FEDERATED table while killing connections accessing it could result in a server exit.
* Executing GRANT PROXY statements after altering the definition of the mysql.user system table could result in a server exit.
* Certain error messages included part of the SQL statement that produced them, possibly exposing data.
* The Performance Schema assumed that tables named using a #sql prefix were temporary and could be ignored. But it is possible to create nontemporary tables using that prefix. The Performance Schema now uses table attributes other than the name to identify temporary tables.
* Character set conversion operations on NULL parameters to prepared statements could cause a server exit.
* Loose Index Scan was not chosen for queries that had an equality condition.
* A MySQL 5.6 server exited during startup if used with a 5.7 data directory due to the change in 5.7 of the mysql.plugin table from MyISAM to InnoDB. A safe shutdown now occurs in this circumstance.
* For INSERT and UPDATE operations that caused FOREIGN KEY constraint violations, errors were reported rather than warnings when the IGNORE keyword was used.
* For some queries, an Index Merge access plan was chosen over a range scan when the cost for the range scan was the same or less.
* Certain queries could raise an assertion when a internal string operation produced a NULL pointer rather than an empty string.
* EXPLAIN for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statements acquired locks.
* Processlist state information was not updated correctly for LOAD DATA INFILE and could show a state different from executing.


How did you respond to the book's mixed genre? It's been reviewed as mystery, women's fiction, paranormal, coming of age, and literary fiction. Did you want it to fit a genre more neatly?
Mystery can mean an enigma, a puzzle, a secret, or something impossible to explain, as well as a novel about solving a crime. Without a crime to solve, what were the mysteries?
Were there any characters you had especially strong feelings about? What was it about them that affected you?
Is there a villain in The Calling? If you think there is, who is it and why do you see this person in that role? If you think there isn't, explain why not.
Themes in the story include power, professional ethics, personal fulfillment, and privacy. The questions that follow explore those themes.
If you had the gift of the Sight, with the same limits and abilities that Mae has, how would you use it? Would you be tempted to use it in ways that might cause you some ethical misgivings?
The nature of Mae's gift provokes concern about privacy in the course of the plot. Are there ever considerations that take priority over privacy?
How does each of these characters—Charlie, Randi, Malba, Deborah, and Mae—approach his or her professional ethics?
How does the issue of power play out in the story, in both personal and professional relationships?
The story takes place before the #MeToo movement. What might be different if it was set in 2018?
Mae's desire for personal fulfillment is a driving force in the storyline. How does her goal evolve? Did you identify with any of the obstacles and conflicts she faces?
Religion and spirituality—Christianity, Buddhism, indigenous shamanic religions, New Age beliefs, and more—are important to many of the characters and to the development of the plot. Where did you see religion misused and where did you see it supporting a character spiritually?
If you have suggestions for additional discussion questions, please send them to mail@amberfoxxmysteries.com .


text:
Sarkozy reshuffles cabinet
France gets first female finance minister as smaller majority forces cabinet changes.
Francois Fillon, the new PM and his government, do not have a big a majority as they wanted [AFP]
Borloo was himself moved as a replacement for the former prime minister Alain Juppe, who was forced to resign from the new government after failing to win a seat in parliament on Sunday.
Controversial promotion
"You can't refuse an offer like that," Borloo was quoted as saying by the daily Le Parisien ahead of the announcement.
"The president of the republic knows what a position as number two in the government means, because that's what he was himself. For me, it's a promotion," he said.
Such a promotion however may spark some resemtment within the party ranks of the UMP, as many members blame the former labour minister for the poorer than expected showing in Sunday's vote.
Early polls had shown the UMP and its allies on course for a landslide majority, giving Sarkozy a striong platform to push through a series of economic and social reforms pledged during his presidential campaign in May.
However, the opposition Socialists, who had been in a state of disarray following their third consecutive presidential defeat rallied to make siginificant gains and many in the right blame Borloo for his unguarded comments about a possible increase in VAT.
The UMP and its allies won a commanding majority of 345 seats in the 577-seat national assembly but the result fell well short of forecasts which went as high as 470 seats.
"This reshuffle is a bit of a paradox," the conservative daily Le Figaro wrote of Borloo's switch ahead of the official announcement. "The finance minister is half-promoted, half-repudiated."
Royal and the Socialists did
better than they had feared [AFP]
The Socialists breathed a sigh of relief at avoiding a drubbing and winning 207 seats with their allies.
The promotion of Lagarde to finance minister and running the Euro-zone's second largest economy reinforces Sarkozy's pledge to have a rough parity between male and female ministers.
Lagarde, who handled the tricky world trade talks dossier and defended subsidies for French farmers in the previous government, was the first woman on the executive committee of international law firm Baker & McKenzie and went on to head it.
There are now a record number of female parliamentarians in France following the elections on Sunday with 18.5 percent of seats now held by women.
France consequently lifts its country ranking in terms of women's representation in parliament from an embarrassing 86th to 58th spot, in between Venezuela and Nicaragua.
Coming after Segolene Royal's failed bid to become France's first woman president, the result - which ushers in 61 women lawmakers on the left and 46 on the right - was greeted as a step in the right direction.
Less minorities
But Le Monde newspaper said lifting France just above the European average of 17.7 percent of female representation was in itself "nothing to be proud of."
For more on Laporte's appointment, visit our sports site here
Efforts to improve the ethnic diversity of parliament, a key issue since the riots in 2005 in France's immigrant-heavy suburbs, were also largely frustrated.
Sarkozy appeared to indicate progress last month by appointing Rachida Dati, a French-born magistrate of north African parents, as justice minister.
But despite a record number of black and Arab candidates vying for seats, Sarkozy's UMP fielded 12, the Socialists 20, and smaller parties several dozen, only one seat on the mainland went to a candidate from an ethnic minority.
Meanwhile, in a surprise appointment on Monday, Sarkozy appointed Bernard Laporte, currently the national Rugby Union coach, as sports minister. Laporte will assume his duties after the World Cup later this year, to be held in France.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home/Latest College Football Leads
Jim Harbaugh's Dad Couldn't Believe Michigan Didn't Call a Timeout
There are a lot of reasons Michigan lost to TCU in the College Football Playoff semifinal last night. Jim Harbaugh mismanaging his timeouts during the stretch as his Wolverines tried to get the ball back is not one of them. Despite the rare occurrence of a coach's dad getting some screen time openly questioning what his kid is doing. Here's Jack Harbaugh trying to work out what was happening in real time after the Horned Frogs picked up a first down late in regulation and Jim opted to let the clock run.
Jim Harbaugh's dad Jack on his clock management: "What is he doing."
🤯🤯🤯
pic.twitter.com/p1H9Ni7Myx
— MLFootball (@_MLFootball) January 1, 2023
I happened to be watching the game with a bunch of aggrieved Michigan fans so I can report that there were more than a few wondering the same thing. Most coaches would have started using the three stoppages right away, but using them after first, second, and third down left Harbaugh and the Wolverines in the exact same spot as they would have been with more immediate action.
The takeaway here is that we need more real-time footage of important people's dads second-guessing their kids' decisions. Really make the next family gathering a bit awkward.
Again, this didn't hurt Michigan like the goal-line calls that led to zero points on two possessions inside the five. And it certainly didn't hurt them like the two pick-sixes.


text:
Tracy Justesen visits Benetech
Just before the holidays, we had a great visit from Tracy R. Justesen, Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. Tracy's brief at the U.S. Department of Education includes overseeing OSEP, the people who are funding our Bookshare for Education project to serve every student with a print disability in the United States.
Tracy's visit really gave our team a chance to shine. John Glass demonstrated the new version of Victor Reader Soft from HumanWare, one of our key access technology partners. John Crossman demonstrated the completely new version of the Bookshare on-line library, which is currently in the first round of beta tests. Paddy Sullivan, part of our membership team, volunteered to demonstrate the new version of Don Johnston's Read:OutLoud software, which will be available once we launch the new site.
Carrie Karnos gave the demonstration to Tracy and Margaret Romer (also from Department of Ed) of the ever-popular book mangler, I mean, book chopper. I'm always amazed how she can chop and scan an entire book in under five minutes. [Shout-out to Ann Harrison for taking the photos!]
Tracy also visited with many of the other Bookshare team members. He made a special point of wanting to meet with our Chief Scientist Patrick Ball (also head of our Human Rights Program). He had spotted the Frontline PBS special on our work in Guatemala, which had led to him deciding he wanted to visit us. Patrick was able to explain our human rights work articulately and passionately as always!
If you had told me two years ago that we'd be hosting someone from Washington at Benetech, I would have been surprised. But, it's clear that we have to work at being better known to fully accomplish our social mission goals. Our team does a great job at communicating the excitement and dedication they bring to Benetech's work: I'm sure we'll be doing much more of this in the future! It was great to start with someone like Tracy who has been familiar with and very supportive of work, and clearly is committed to increasing opportunity for students with disabilities. Tracy encouraged us to extend the same invitation to the next Assistant Secretary from the new administration.
My discussions with Hill staff and leaders from Washington encourage me to believe that equal access to education is a bi-partisan issue. Even in tough financial times like these, solutions like ours that are highly cost-effective seem likely to attract continued and even expanded support, as long as we can demonstrate our cost-effectiveness with real numbers. I'm looking forward to doing more of that, not only advocating for Benetech's projects like Bookshare, but for the entire social enterprise movement (wearing my hat as the chair of the Social Enterprise Alliance)!
Bookshare Department of Education Justesen OSEP


The new Habitat for Humanity development will be located along Drysdale Road in Spryfield.
This development is ideally located in a growing area, close to public arenas, schools, and a sports field. Access to endless pre-existing amenities will ensure that this neighbourhood becomes a vibrant, active community.
The neighbourhood will provide housing for 46 low income families through a variety of housing types. The entrance to the site will be marked with iconic semi-detached units, which will fit in with the scale of the neighbouring houses along Drysdale Road. Within the site, two rows of townhouses will look out onto the beautiful wetland park and trails. Finally, at the second entrance to the site, barrier-free units will make use of leftover parcels of land, with townhouses stacked above to maintain density.
The neighbourhood will also contain a small commercial property for a daycare, adjacent to the community garden and playground.
Five semi-detached units along Drysdale Road will be the eye-catching landmarks denoting the entry to this vibrant community. The sharp angular form of these houses is a play on the familiar shed roof, with a crisp modern edge.
The assymetrical designs can accommodate different sized families on either side, allowing for a complementry dynamic between households.
The more compact three-bedroom, two-level units are easily identified with black shiplap siding. Larger three-bedroom units, with lofts for future expansion of up to seven bedrooms, take advantage of the steep slope of the roof line to fit a third level above.
Access to the homes will be through a central courtyard deck. This allows for a natural break in the open plan between the living room areas and the kitchen/dining areas.
The expansion loft level will be roughed-in for plumbing and left unpartitioned, so that the original mortgage of the house is kept at a manageable cost upon receipt by the family, allowing for future renovation as the family sees fit.
A row of townhouses on either side of the street creates a sense of community and a lively streetfront. Making use of narrow lots and keeping unit footprints small helps to ensure that the street is overflowing with people and activity. Two-level townhouses are located on the southern side of the street, allowing sunlight to penetrate the site and maintain an inviting and vibrant atmosphere on the street. Three-level townhouses are situated on the north side of the street and look out over the two-level units into the beautiful wetland park beyond.
The townhouses are designed with a simple aesthetic, using their different functions to define their form. The main living space of each unit is pushed forward on the site, while staircases are pushed back to create small sheltered entries into each unit. Staircases are easily identified by black shiplap siding and act as 'spacers' between units, which allow a small division and a little extra privacy between the living spaces for each family.
The units bring forth their own character and personality with a small pop of colour on the front facade. Stoops and planters at the front of each unit bring families together at the street to interact while reading the paper or drinking coffee, allowing every small greeting or friendly gardening tip to help build a strong sense of community within this new neighbourhood.
The barrier-free units mark the secondary entry to the site from River Road, and they also mark the entrance to the beautiful trail system that winds its way over and through the scenic wetland park space, which is shared by the whole community.
Each barrier-free unit comprises the entire ground floor of two side-by-side townhouses. Two-level townhouses are stacked above these barrier-free units to maintain the density of the site. A variation on the standard townhouses, these buildings cleverly use their exterior form to reveal their interior units. White clad boxes for the two-level townhouses sit above grey clad bases, identifying the barrier-free unit below. Once again, black shiplap 'spacers' are used to create a small division between living spaces, ensuring that privacy is maintained. Two barrier-free townhouses are then faced towards each other, parallel to the street, making a small, intimate courtyard between the buildings. This design makes efficient use of narrow leftover parcels of land, away from wetland zones on the site. Stairs, entries and balconies are all located within this courtyard creating a perfect gathering place where all six families can come together to play, chat and grow together.


utility to mitigate and reduce its costs, including both a detailed description of steps taken during the preceding calendar year and a summary of steps taken since the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997, and including, to the extent practicable, quantification of the costs mitigated or reduced by specific actions taken by the electric utility.
transitional funding instruments, including a description of the electric utility's use of the proceeds of any transitional funding instruments it has issued in accordance with Article XVIII of this Act.
ending December 31, 1996 (which kilowatt-hours are hereby referred to as "base year sales") by customer class multiplied by the revenue per kilowatt hour, adjusted to remove charges added to customers' bills pursuant to Sections 9-221 and 9-222 of this Act, during the twelve months ending December 31, 1996, adjusted for the reductions required by subsection (b) of Section 16-111 and the mitigation factors contained in Section 16-102. This amount shall be stated for: (i) each calendar year preceding the year in which a report is required to be submitted pursuant to subsection (b); and (ii) as a cumulative total of all calendar years beginning with 1998 and ending with the calendar year preceding the year in which a report is required to be submitted pursuant to subsection (b).
subparagraph (5) except that base year sales shall be adjusted for growth in the electric utility's service territory, in addition to the other adjustments specified by the first sentence of subparagraph (5).
income for each calendar year beginning with 1997 through the calendar year preceding the year in which a report is required to be submitted pursuant to subsection (b) as reported in the electric utility's Form 1 report to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
as of the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997 received by the electric utility during the year from a sale made subsequent to the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997 to a non-affiliated third party of any generating plant that was owned by the electric utility on the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997.
utility from sales or transfers during the year to an affiliated interest of generating plant, or other plant that represents an investment of $25,000,000 or more in terms of total depreciated original cost, which generating or other plant were owned by the electric utility prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997.
interest of an electric utility from sales or transfers during the year to a non-affiliated third party of generating plant, but only if: (i) the electric utility had previously sold or transferred such plant to the affiliated interest subsequent to the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997; (ii) the affiliated interest sells or transfers such plant to a non-affiliated third party prior to December 31, 2006; and (iii) the affiliated interest receives consideration for the sale or transfer of such plant to the non-affiliated third party in an amount greater than the cost or price at which such plant was sold or transferred to the affiliated interest by the electric utility.
projects, programs, and improvements relating to transmission and distribution including, without limitation, infrastructure expansion, repair and replacement, capital investments, operations and maintenance, and vegetation management, pursuant to a written commitment made under subsection (k) of Section 16-111.
(b) The information required by subsection (a) shall be filed by each electric utility on or before March 1 of each year 1999 through 2007 or through such additional years as the electric utility is collecting transition charges pursuant to subsection (f) of Section 16-108, for the previous calendar year. The information required by subparagraph (6) of subsection (a) for calendar year 1997 shall be submitted by the electric utility on or before March 1, 1999.
(c) On or before May 15 of each year 1999 through 2006 or through such additional years as the electric utility is collecting transition charges pursuant to subsection (f) of Section 16-108, the Commission shall submit a report to the General Assembly which summarizes the information provided by each electric utility under this Section; provided, however, that proprietary or confidential information shall not be publicly disclosed.


(Easy Guitar). A great collection of over 90 of the best and/or most influential pop songs of all time as chosen by the folks at MTV and documented in their popular video special. Songs: Beat It * Bohemian Rhapsody * Brown Eyed Girl * Careless Whisper * Dancing Queen * Every Breath You Take * Go Your Own Way * Good Vibrations * Hotel California * I Wanna Be Sedated * I Want to Hold Your Hand * Imagine * Just the Way You Are * Losing My Religion * Love Shack * Maybe I'm Amazed * My Generation * Nasty * Our Lips Are Sealed * Proud Mary * Respect * Smells like Teen Spirit * Superstition * Sweet Child O' Mine * Time After Time * Under the Bridge * Waterfalls * Where Did Our Love Go * You Oughta Know * You Shook Me All Night Long * and more!


Add a little fun to your golf game with the 6 Golf ball pack from Emoji Golf. These super fun official licensed emoji® golf balls have six various designs which are easy to see even in poor lighting conditions. The golf balls come in a gift box which would be ideal for giving as a present this season.


text:
Lukas Fuchsgruber
Commons username: @lfuchsgruber
Following 9 members
CORE deposits 5
Academic Interests
Fakes/forgeries
Commons Groups
Digital Humanists
Victorian Studies
Recent Commons Activity
deposited Experts and Auctioneers in Pa… in the group Victorian Studies
deposited Experts and Auctioneers in Pa… in the group Linked Open Data
deposited Experts and Auctioneers in Pa… in the group History of Art
deposited Experts and Auctioneers in Pa… in the group Digital Art History
deposited Experts and Auctioneers in Pa…
Lukas Fuchsgruber is an art historian based in Berlin, who recently completed his PhD thesis about the creation of the Hôtel Drouot auction house in Paris in 1852, under the supervision of Bénédicte Savoy. From 2011 to 2014 he worked as an author and researcher for "Art TransForm", a German-French research project (DFG/ANR) on transnational artist formation in the nineteenth century. Since 2014 he is affiliated with the "Forum Kunst und Markt" (Centre for Art Market Studies) in Berlin, taking part in the organization of the annual workshops, coordinating the young researchers initiative and contributing to the Journal for Art Market Studies as a writer and guest editor. In 2017 he was a research fellow at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg. His postdoc project is a digital analysis of archival material in museums about forgeries.
2005 – 2012 Studies of Art History and Economics in Nuremberg and Berlin
2012 M.A. Art History and Technology of Art at TU Berlin, with a thesis on Otto Mündler
2013-2015 Member of the German-French Doctoral College "Construire les differences"
2013-2016 Fellow of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation
2018 PhD defense. Thesis on the creation of the Hôtel Drouot auction house
Work Shared in CORE
Virtualität und Ökonomie Ästhetische Potentiale der vernetzten Hypergraphik
Neue, neuere, neueste Kunstgeschichte? Wie die Wissenschaft versucht, den Kunsthandel zu "erobern"
Markt und Manipulation in der historischen Auktionshausliteratur
The Hôtel Drouot as the stock exchange for art. Financialization of art auctions in the nineteenth century
Experts and Auctioneers in Paris Art Auctions 1852-1862
Lukas Fuchsgruber, Thomas Skowronek (ed.), Journal for Art Market Studies, Vol. 1, Nr. 2 (2017). Theories of the Art Market: Data – Value – History. Open Access: https://fokum-jams.org/index.php/jams/issue/view/3/showToc
Lukas Fuchsgruber, Probleme des Schreibens über Graffiti: Ökonomie der Ästhetik und Ästhetik der Ökonomie, in: Jo Preußler (ed.): The Death of Graffiti. Berlin: Possible Books (2017), pp. 44-48 Preview: http://possible-books.com/en/publications/the-death-of-graffiti#13
PhD (2013-2018): Art Auctions in the 19th Century. The Creation of the Hôtel Drouot and the Development of the French Art Market
In 1852, the newly built auction house Hôtel Drouot opened its doors to the public. Here, the Association of Auctioneers organized countless sales of artworks, furniture, decorative art, fashion, and curiosities. Since 1801, this association had possessed a legally sanctioned monopoly for all public auctions – a monopoly that remained unbroken until the year 2000. Not only did the Hôtel Drouot provide a central venue for the auctions, the impressive new building also consolidated the change in the auctioneers' role who, over the course of the first half of the nineteenth century, had both broadened the range of their competence while also improving their social standing. This is particularly evident in the newly styled art sales: now auctions of contemporary art and large, staged auctions of whole collections began to take place. Along with the founding of the auction house came an intensified engagement with the valuation of art that allows for an exact historical analysis of this discourse and is the focus of the investigation.
Postdoc (2018- ongoing): How Museums in the 20th Century Dealt with Forgeries
My postdoc project is about art economy in museums, in a case study on museums and forgeries in the 20th century. The project will work with digital tools and towards a digital presentation of research, and my core material are archival media that the museums used, like x-rays and detail photography, as well as internal documents of expertise.
Upcoming Talks and Conferences
The International Art Market Studies Association (Vienna, 27-29 September 2018)
Das Digitale als Latenzraum? 50 Jahre Ulmer Verein (Stuttgart, 22-24 Nov 18)
Centre for Art Market Studies (Berlin)
@lfuchsgruber
active 10 months, 3 weeks ago


text:
Pranaam is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language action film directed and written by Sanjiv Jaiswal, and produced by Anil Singh and Nitin Mishra. The film's score is composed by Jaan Nissar Lone. The film stars Rajeev Khandelwal, Abhimanyu Singh, Atul Kulkarni, Vikram Gokhale and Sameksha Singh. The film follows story of an IAS officer turned gangster (played by Rajeev Khandelwal). It was released theatrically on 9 August 2019.

Cast
 Rajeev Khandelwal as Ajay Singh
 Atul Kulkarni as Inspector Rajpal Singh
 Abhimanyu Singh as Gyanu Singh
 Sameksha Singh as Manjri Shukla
 Vikram Gokhale as Tej Pratap Singh
 Apoorva Arora as Soha
 Meenakshi Sethi as Tej Pratap Singh's wife
 Randeep Rai as Rahul ( a young lawyer )
 Aniruddh Dave as Arjun
 S. M. Zaheer as Deenanath (Baba)

Marketing and release
The film was released on 9 August 2019.

Soundtrack

The music is composed by Vishal Mishra and Jaan Nisaar Lone.

References

External links

Indian action films
Films shot in India
2019 films
20th Century Fox films
Films shot in Mumbai
2010s Hindi-language films
Films shot in Lucknow
Films set in Lucknow
2019 action films


As an aside, did you know that Jamie Oliver, the Naked Chef and recently of the Food Revolution, named his newborn son Buddy Bear? It's true.
Little babes are always to precious. Little donkey looks so curious. I miss all my horses and ponies, since I'm traveling at the moment. Your recipes sound delicious. i would like to try some.
Love the little Gnat! He is one cute little guy as is Gus. And Buddy Bear is a handsome guy, too!
Looks like a stand-off to me!Do you ever sell your donkeys? We are looking for a companion for our lonely horse. We had two horses and just recently sold one. Now Butterscotch our sweet girl is so alone. We thought a donkey might be good company and protection for her.
A stare down. Cute picture. Just luv those ears.
It looks like a mexican stand-off.
Oh my a cute donkey giving that doggie the once over. Kinda daring the dog. Love those donkeys. Have a great week end.
Thank God in His Holy Wisdom, He gave us animals to love, enjoy, protect and take care of. He has never given a baby to a mother that she didn't think it was the most beautiful thing in the world (be it human or animal), and we justify her every utterance with approval and adoration. Those ears! are just too cute, and Buddy Bear has a smile on his precious little face, saying "Come on, I don't bite!" Thank you for being you and doing what you do, with the blog(and all the others!)God Bless you and Hunkyman (?)hope you are 100% again.


Perfect for creating a contemporary, barn-like finish.
This cladding has been pressure treated for longevity and comes with a black primer undercoat and top coat.
Pick up from your local branch.
Perfect for when floors will be exposed to the elements for up to 42 days during building work.
Provides a clean, finished floor once the film is removed.
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Available from stock at Bishop's Waltham, Christchurch, Fareham, Southampton and Ringwood. Available to order from all branches.
External gate or shed door with a tongue & grooved technique.
*Doors are either £5 or £10 (exc VAT) depending on condition. Offer ends 28.06.19, subject to availability.
A classic style real oak veneered internal door with two raised shaped panels.
A classic 6 slat boarded unfinished oak door. This door combines deep u-grooves with real Oak Inlays.
Also available is one Suffolk Oak 4L Glazed Un-finished door (762mm x 1981mm x 35mm).
*All doors are either £5 or £10 (exc VAT) depending on condition. Offer ends 28.06.19, subject to availability.
A contemporary 7 panel unfinished oak door with clear glass. It features deep u-groove design with real Oak Inlays and toughened safety glass conforms to BS EN 12150.
A classic 4 panel fully finished oak door with non-Raised Mouldings.
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The Victorian 4 panel door is a classic design featuring raised and fielded panels. It's A-Grade Pine Veneer and comes unfinished so it's ready to be stained or painted to help create a truly individual look.
A 5 panel timeless style, that's a popular choice for housebuilders and developers.
These doors are factory pre-primed with no edge preparing or sanding required on-site.
*Doors are either £5 or £10 (exc VAT) depending on condition. Offers end 28.06.19, subject to availability.
Six panel doors are a stylish bestseller in many modern homes. Their offer excellent appearance, performance and value.
Featuring five, vertical panels this door appears sleek and sophisticated, perfect for any style room. Standard doors supplied semi solid core.
These FD30 fire-rated doors are white primed and ready for painting. They're also suitable for a pocket door system.
Made from the finest quality inlaid veneers, this door boasts luxury. It has a solid core construction which gives additional strength and sound reducing properties.
Also available is one Innova Oak FD30 door in 762mm x 1981mm x 44mm.
This door features a solid core ensuring superior strength and offers a fantastic finish with a three-dimensional wood grain appearance.
A versatile unfinished oak 4 panel shaker door with an attractive grain in the timber. It's A-Grade American White Oak Veneer and requires 3 hinges for hanging. We recommend using a 75mm latch for this door.
A striking unfinished oak door with three vertical panels made. It's made from A-Grade American White Oak Veneer with a Real Oak Glazing Bar/Mullion for colour consistency.
We also have one Worcester Oak Glazed Un-finished door in 838mm x 1981mm x 35mm.
Four panel doors are hard-wearing and combine traditional appearance and excellent performance.
Each door is supplied with a 4mm trim option along the two long edges and 6mm on the top and bottom edge. If fitting a fire door there is no trim allowance along the top edge. Doors are supplied with exposed lippings.
We also have two Rebated Ply Flush FD30 Sets (c/w Intumescent Strip) in 762mm x 1981mm x 44mm and three Ply Flush Unglazed FD30 doors (500mm x 500mm Opening).


Note: ALWAYS consult your doctor before initiating ANY lifestyle or dietary changes.
Diabetes is rapidly becoming an epidemic all around the world and especialy in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control states that as of 2002, about 18.2 million Americans, or about 6.3% of the population had diabetes. By 2025, the CDC estimates that the figure will rise to 8.9%. Health officials blame the growth of diabetes in the U.S on rising rates of obesity caused by poor diet and overeating. According to WebMD, Americans are becoming diabetic at the rate of one per minute! Alkaline water and a healthy diet are a natural way to protect your health, and avoid becoming a statistic!
Is amputation in your future?
If you are one of the nearly 1 in 10 Americans who will have diabetes by 2025, there is a good chance you may lose a few toes or even a foot to diabetes. According to the nonprofit Amputee Coalition of America (ACA), half of all amputations performed in America were caused by diabetes, and diabetics are 67% more likely to have a toe or foot amputated than non-diabetics. The CDC expects diabetes-related amputations to continue to increase as more and more of the population is affected by diabetes.
Despite decades of research, there are no medications in the US that can cure diabetes. Doctors normally prescribe glucose-control medications or insulin to patients in an effort to control their blood sugar. The drugs prescribed by doctors can help, but do not guarantee that a person with diabetes will remain healthy. Despite spending nearly 92 billion dollars annually to treat diabetes, America has one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world, and diabetes is the sixth largest killer of Americans.
There is no known cure for diabetes, but there are encouraging signs that it can be prevented or reversed with proper diet and exercise. In Japan, research into the use of alkaline water to treat diabetes has shown great promise, with some patients being able to stop insulin therapy entirely.
Research has shown that proper hydration may prevent blood sugar problems, and alkaline water hydration may be the best way to go, research suggest that alkaline water hydrates you 17% better than plain water shows experts.
Diabetes doesn't have to end in amputation; alkaline water and proper diet may offer hope for the millions of peoples around the world who could face that nightmare.
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I am so delighted today to provide a review for you by the C.E. at my blog stop for The Other Vietnam War: A Helicopter Pilot's Life in Vietnam by Marc Cullison on Sage's Blog Tours.
Each of us who served in Vietnam was the guy next door, the average Joe, not a hero. The boy who might date your daughter or sister. The young man who might mow your yard. In Vietnam, we weren't out to be heroes. We just did our jobs.
The talk in the lunch room was of a place called Bietnam or some such. Never heard of it. However, the US Congress in its infinite wisdom was getting us involved and nobody knew why.
The draft was reinstated and the young son's of WW II veterans were on the chopping block. Some ran and some stayed. The author spells out the calamity facing a generation that did not endorse or embrace a "conflict" halfway around the world. Marc Cullison faced many of the same conflicted reactions that most of us felt. Why do I want to join the military and fight in a place that has no direct impact on my country? Mr. Cullison explains, "the Vietnam war was a tragedy, a shallow and profane act of war as any war is." We were not threatened nor did we have anything to fear from Southeast Asia! Why did we have to get involved and escalate into that part of the world?
Four years of being a helicopter pilot in Vietnam was what his pledge to honor and serve elicited, and Marc examines his thoughts and feelings as he served his tour. This memoir does not describe so much of the actual air battles as it does the result of war on the men who served. As I read his account I was reminded of some of my own service-related experiences during the same time. Away from home for the better part of four years, I served in countries that I had never aspired to visit. But orders were cut, oaths were taken, and we were sent into the melee.
Like Marc, I served because I had promised to uphold and defend our Constitution and way of life. After boot camp, it was painfully obvious that the orders from "my superiors" were not necessarily superior. My specialty did not send me "in country" to face the trials that Marc witnessed, but the periphery.
Marc says, "when you sign up for military service, you are supposed to be ready to defend your country and even die for it." It's a time of terror in equal portions of boredom and excessive moments of retrospection and the author shares his insights in equal measure. (One of my orders was to return to a base in the mountains of Taiwan in a stage two typhoon alert as the mountain roared with the sound of a hundred freight trains and downed electrical lines crossed the roadway.) The futility of the experience upon our return to the states with people spitting on us and calling us baby killers really pissed me off. There were people in wheelchairs with missing body parts and blind and deaf who had had no choice in their deployment and our citizens waited at the airports to shame us.) I can understand where Marc is coming from. However, living in the orient taught me one thing. Most people simply want to live their lives and go about raising their families.
I highly recommend this book as a means of understanding the conflict that persons of that generation faced during that extremely divisive time. Certainly, I would serve again, and after 9/11 tried to re-enlist because our country had been attacked. Read this book and experience the futility that most wars can be.
Marc Cullison is a baby-boomer who grew up in an era when education was everything and duty to country was a responsibility. After receiving a bachelor's degree in architectural engineering at Oklahoma State University, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve Corps of Engineers through the ROTC program. During his four-year tour of duty, he served as helicopter pilot with the 129th Assault Helicopter Company in II Corps, Vietnam, in 1971. He returned from overseas to an assignment as a military assistant to the resident engineer at Kaw Dam and Reservoir near Ponca City, Oklahoma, where he met the woman he would marry there. After two years in Ponca City, he was honorably discharged and returned to Oklahoma State where he received a master's degree in architectural engineering and honed his technical skills as a professional structural engineer. Then into quality control at a manufacturing plant which led him into computer programming. His most recent career was a math and science instructor at Connors State College in Warner and Muskogee, Oklahoma, from which he retired in 2014. He lives with his wife in a self-built log house near Sallisaw.
Thank you for visiting my stop on the tour and thanks to Sage's Blog Tours for the opportunity to read and review this novel!


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Kennebunk Maine OUI / DUI Attorneys
OUI / DUI Defense Lawyers in Kennebunk
Kennebunk is a town in York County, Maine, with a population of 10,798 as of the 2010 census. Located along the Maine coastline just south of Saco and Biddeford, Kennebunk stretches from the Atlantic Ocean, across Route 1 and I-95, inland to nearly the Sanford Seacoast Regional Airport.
Kennebunk is a popular tourist area, with several great beaches and numerous popular shopping destinations.
Kennebunk, along with nearby Kennebunkport, are some of the wealthiest areas in all of Maine. While Maine's 2013 median household income was $46,974, Kennebunk's was $65,463, making it one of the most affluent areas in the entire state.
Despite the high affluence, Kennebunk does not have relatively few police officers in their department. Instead, surveys have shown that the size of Kennebunk's police force of 19 officers is about average, compared to the rest of Maine, with 1.75 officers per 1,000 residents, compared to Maine's average of 1.69 officers per 1,000.
These same surveys show that crime in Kennebunk is very low, compared to U.S. averages, with only 131 crimes per 100,000 people, compared to the U.S. average of 299. However, when compared to neighboring towns, Kennebunk's crime rate is above average, with neighboring Kennebunkport having on 70 crimes per 100,000, and Wells having only 82.
Kennebunk Criminal Law Firm Location
Monday through Friday 8AM – 5PM
Kennebunk Court Location
If you get arrested and charged for operating under the influence (OUI / DUI) in Kennebunk, your case will be heard before the court in Biddeford. For details on the location of the court, parking, and unique aspects of the court, please see our page on the Biddeford District Court.
Highly experienced OUI / DUI lawyers in Kennebunk
An accusation of drunk driving in Maine is no small matter. There are serious penalties, even for a first offense, that include a hefty fine, lengthy license suspension, and possibly even jail time. These can have repercussions lasting long after you're done with the court mandated penalties, and can impact your life for years.
There are, however, ways to challenge the accusations and defend your liberty and interests. None of the evidence that the prosecutor will present to convict you is perfect. All of it can be challenged in a court of law. All that it takes is to raise a reasonable doubt in the mind of the jury, and you'll be acquitted of all charges.
Contact an OUI / DUI defense lawyer in Kennebunk
Attorney William T. Bly is a professional at raising reasonable doubts. An experienced Kennebunk Maine OUI lawyer, he knows where the weaknesses are in a prosecutor's case immediately, and understands how to exploit them to the best results.
He has a proven track record as Kennebunk OUI attorney, with countless acquittals. Even if the evidence against you is overwhelming, William T. Bly understands how best to protect what's most important to you, and will fight relentlessly to shield what you value the most.
Call his law office at (207) 571-8146 or contact William Bly online to start planning your defense against your OUI / DUI charges with a highly skilled Kennebunk OUI lawyer.
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Q: how to generate string generation from keyword I am looking for an algorithm for string generation based on a keyword for a project I am trying to do in java.
Basically what I want to do is generate a string of characters (alphabets, numbers and symbols) meaninglessly arranged in a line in a way that one keyword produces the same string every time.
I am not sure is any algorithm exists that serves this purpose but I am looking for one.
I would like to make an algorithm that serves this purpose, for which I would like to get suggestion from the Stack Overflow community.

A: If I understood correctly, you want to do symetric encryption.
There is a lot of symetric encryption algorithm.
The most simple you can use is the caesar encryption
But there are a lot of other more secured algorithm like the AES. I'm not an expert, but surely a library exists in java do such a thing.

A: You ask your question in the Cryptography section, so I assume that you need a cryptographically secure solution.  A non-crypto solution would be simpler but insecure.
You want the 'random' sequence to repeat as needed, which means that it is not really random the second and subsequent times.  That rules out cryptographic RNGs and instead indicates a stream cipher, or equivalent, which will generate a random appearing stream of bytes determined by the given key.  The obvious choice is AES in counter mode (CTR), which will repeat its output whenever you give it the same key.
You do not say exactly what set of characters you are picking from.  I will assume 62 characters: a-z, A-Z, 0-9.  62 x 4 = 248, which is almost 255, the maximum value of a byte.  To avoid bias, ignore bytes in the range 248 to 255, otherwise 'a' to 'h' will be picked slightly more often than they should. Then for each byte of the AES output in the range 0 to 247 just do a MOD 62 to get the value of the character: a = 0, b = 1, etc up to 9 = 61.  If you are using a different set of characters then adjust the numbers, remembering to ignore byte values in the incomplete tail after the MOD to avoid biasing the output.
ETA: I just noticed your "and symbols".  I suggest that you add two possible symbols to bring the number of selectable characters up to 64.  That way you wont have to unbias the output bytes, just take a MOD 64.

A: the question is ambiguous, but I'd interpret it as using the "keyword" as the seed for a PRNG which is then used to generate the output.  normally you'd use a hash to compress some arbitrary input into something suitable for a seed and then use a PRNG to generate the output.  both the hash function and/or PRNG yo use could be cryptographically secure if that was important to your case
a trivial example in Python would be:
from random import Random
from string import ascii_letters, digits, punctuation

# the letters we want to choose randomly from
alphabet = ascii_letters + digits + punctuation

# seed our PRNG with your keyword
keyword = 'some text'
rng = Random(keyword)

# use this freshly seeded RNG to generate some output
output = ''.join(rng.choices(alphabet, k=14))
print(output)

note that passing a string to Random in Python causes it to hash the string using SHA512 and uses the resulting bytes to seed the MT19937 PRNG.  depending on how much you care about compatibility you might want to do more yourself, but the above is enough to just get a "random looking" output from a given input.

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