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'Sample size' models: Children of fashion
James Patrick Scully
Council Of Fashion Designers Of America
NEW YORK | While President Obama and the first lady recently highlighted the need to combat childhood obesity, the fashion industry debated a different weight-related angle: "sample size."
The models who auditioned for New York Fashion Week, which runs through Thursday, were undeniably thin. But it was only after the fashion industry started worrying about too-skinny models that casting agent James Scully began asking their age.
Most, he found, were younger than 16.
"Things are very seriously wrong at this moment," he said.
As another round of runway shows kicked off Thursday, fashion insiders again took up the cause of emaciated models, this time with a new target to blame: youth.
The Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) hosted a panel discussion last week on changing the standard model "sample size," part of the health initiative it started after the death three years ago of a model with an eating disorder.
Spain and Italy adopted mandatory weight guidelines at the time, but the CFDA opted instead for voluntary measures that put the focus on nutritional and emotional counseling. Since then, some models have been red-flagged and removed from the runway to focus on eating and living well, said CFDA President Diane von Fursternberg.
The CFDA panel, "The Beauty of Health: Resizing the Sample Size," initially focused on whether increasing the size of sample garments used in fashion shows and magazine photo shoots from 0 to 4 would result in healthier models. But designers, models and agents agreed that part of the problem was the dominance of very young models.
"You can't address the sample size 0 without addressing age," said David Bonnouvrier, head of DNA Models.
Among the CFDA guidelines was a recommendation that models younger than 16 be kept out of fashion shows and models younger than 18 kept out of fittings or photo shoots past midnight. Those guidelines clearly haven't stuck and remain purely voluntary.
The youthquake happened as runway tastes moved from Brazilian bombshells like Gisele Bundchen to Russians and Eastern Europeans, such as Natalia Vodianova, who previously disclosed her weight struggles, Mr. Scully said.
When scouts fell in love with the angular, narrow Eastern bloc look, those girls were ill-prepared to be away from home in the high-pressure, competitive fashion world, Mr. Bonnouvrier said. Even American models were younger — 17-year-old Karlie Kloss, for example, did her first round of shows with her father by her side.
Designer Zac Posen traced the problem to Kate Moss back in the early 1990s, and said it could take a long time to erase the cultural impression of the waif.
It's natural for a 13- or 14-year-old to be slim, have a small bust and hips that measure no more than 33 inches, but as those models age — to all of 18 or 19 — they will do "terribly dangerous things" to fight nature and their increasingly womanly bodies, Mr. Scully said.
Model Doutzen Kroes, 25, is a Victoria's Secret Angel but says her fashion show work has slowed to almost nothing. The reason? She's too big.
"I'd love to do shows, but I don't fit in the sample size," she said in an interview after the panel.
The Dutch native started her modeling career at 18 and was constantly told she was pretty but "needed to lose a few pounds," she recalled. But she looked in the mirror and liked what she saw, and made the decision to work with her agent to make her curvy figure an asset — hence a brand like Victoria's Secret.
"I had the luxury, which makes it an easier choice. In Holland, I could have gone home and gone to school, college, and had a good life," she said. "For other models from poorer countries, if they don't fit the sample size, they don't have the same options."
Designer Erin Fetherston uses a sample size 4 — but told the Associated Press that she's often making major alterations before shows and shoots because a garment "is swimming on the model."
There is the concern about models and their health, Ms. Fetherston said, but she's even more concerned about the message fashion is sending about global beauty standards.
"We create image content. We are selling a dream and we put the dream out there," she said. "We should promote something more attainable."
Still, there are signs of imminent change. Models have been noticeably healthier in recent fashion seasons, and the collective eye seems to be moving toward a sportier look, sparked by interest in Dutch model Lara Stone, whose ample bust and hips have been noted.
"Lara has embraced her look," said Bianca Posterli, editor at Modelinia.com. "She is not drastic, she's a size 4 and comfortable in her own body — and designers and editors have fallen in love with her."
All it takes is a "hot" model or two to get designers to cut clothes bigger, said Nian Fish, creative director at fashion-show powerhouse producer KCD.
But the ultimate motive? It's good for business.
After all, Ms. Fetherston noted, paying customers come in a range of sizes and shapes, too.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Okay, so yes, Plough was crowded, but a little less wall to wall than I expected. The one thing we did learn is that 3 Hallucination Jigs at once is too much. Too bad for that. But jeez, we had enough advanced dancers for 3 Hallucination Jigs at once. Amazing stuff. The unexpected side effect of the Tuesday off phenomenon was that when John called for the last called dance, the band wasn't ready to stop. So they kept going. First with a reel. Then jigs. Then polkas. Then waltzes. More waltzes. Before we knew it it was 12:30 and the band was just winding down. Wow. I danced til my knee wouldn't let me dance anymore. It said, "Um, time to stop now right?" and I said, "Oh, if you insist. Wait - one more polka?" Oh well. Yes, I will have some Advil before bed thank you. It was a fabulous night. There was a new accordian player, resplendent in her cheetah print body suit and pink hair. Word on the street is that she told Loni "No" last week. She was the one egging on the band. I don't know what it takes, but really, I hope we can keep her. She totally rocked.
And now, the sleeping. Sleeping the sleep of the dead, or at least those who've danced all their little bodies will let them.
Cheetah-print accordionist has been at the Plough before, but hasn't been a regular for a while. She does zydeco music, too. I suspect she has a regular gig which was taking the week off.
She's also learned to play at our speeds, not zydeco speeds.


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Open House to Introduce NC State University Community to RENCI
RALEIGH, February 28, 2007—The Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI) at NC State University will open its doors to the Triangle research community on Friday, March 23, for an open house that will showcase RENCI technologies and collaborations with NC State researchers.
The open house runs from noon – 3 p.m. at the newly opened RENCI at NC State University facility, Suite 1500 in the Partners I Building on the Centennial Campus. Remarks by NC State Chancellor James Oblinger, UNC-Chapel Hill Chancellor James Moeser and RENCI Director Dan Reed will begin at 1 pm.
Featured will be visualization work created by the research teams of John Blondin, NC State physics professor, and Christopher Healey, an associate professor in NC State's computer science department. In addition, NC State's Institute for Transportation Research and Education (ITRE) will demonstrate a traffic simulation of the use of roundabouts as part of the Hillsborough Street traffic flow improvement effort. The open house also will offer a sampling of RENCI's work throughout North Carolina and collaborations with its state and national partners. Included will be weather models that combine atmospheric, hydrological and storm surge data and high-resolution animations of the Milky Way.
Founded in 2004 as a major collaboration among Duke University, NC State University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the state of North Carolina, RENCI brings together researchers from all disciplines to addresses the state's most challenging multidisciplinary problems. By applying technological expertise and world-class computing, networking, visualization and data resources to these issues, RENCI strives to create a collaborative 21st-century, problem-solving environment that will spur economic growth and lead to the next generation of transformative discoveries. Public health issues are among those addressed by RENCI. The institute has partnered with the Triangle biomedical research community to create software, web portals and wireless devices that impact public health and assist researchers studying the genetic causes of disease.
With the opening of RENCI at NC State in January, faculty and staff on the NC State campus now have access to RENCI resources, staff and collaborators and have the opportunity to contribute to these ongoing research projects. Members of the NC State community also will take the lead on new multidisciplinary research efforts that utilize RENCI's visualization, computing and data resources and leverage the campus' expertise in agriculture, environmental sciences, physics, engineering, computer science and other fields.
"We are creating a statewide virtual organization that leverages the expertise of our three founding universities as well as campuses across North Carolina," said Reed. "The creation of RENCI at NC State is an important milestone because it will help us develop collaborations with faculty at one of North Carolina's most important research universities. We look forward to some exciting projects that benefit RENCI, NC State and the state of North Carolina."
One of the highlights of the open house will be a 14 x 8-foot visualization wall, featuring visualizations created by RENCI, its partners, and NC State faculty, staff and students. Also on display will be state-of-the art video collaboration and editing facilities, including the Access Grid multicast system. Refreshments will be available and musical entertainment will be featured.
"The RENCI at NC State University facility is a key part of our efforts to support successful research and the discovery process with high-end visualization techniques and high-performance computing methods," said NC State Vice Chancellor of Research and Graduate Studies John Gilligan.
RSVP to Carol Allen at 919-515-2858 or allen@cs.ncsu.edu. For directions, please see http://www.renci.org/about/ncsu.php.
RENCI…Catalyst for Innovation
The Renaissance Computing Institute brings together computer and discipline scientists, artists, humanists, industry leaders, entrepreneurs, state leaders and educators for collaborations designed to reshape science, the economy, the state of North Carolina and the world. RENCI leverages its expertise and resources in leading edge computing, networking and data technologies to ignite innovation and find solutions to previously intractable problems. Founded in 2004 as a major collaborative venture of Duke University, North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the state of North Carolina, RENCI is a statewide virtual organization. For more, see www.renci.org.
Karen Green
kgreen@renci.org


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Home / Figure Skating News / Gorshkova and Butikov are Ready for New Challenges
Gorshkova and Butikov are Ready for New Challenges
By Tatjana Flade
Photo © Barry Mittan
Russia's Kristina Gorshkova, 19, and Vitali Butikov, 21, perform to When You Told Me You Loved Me by Jessica Simpson at the 2008 Junior World Figure Skating Championships Gala.
The reigning World Junior bronze medalists, Kristina Gorshkova and Vitali Butikov, are part of a group of young and promising Russian ice dancing teams and will make their senior debut this season. Although the Russians originally had hoped for more than the bronze at Junior Worlds this past March, it was in fact an accomplishment after all they went through last year.
Around the end of June 2007, Butikov broke his left ankle while playing soccer during an off-ice training camp in Sochi in the south of Russia. On July 3, their coach Tatiana Kuzmina was killed in a tragic car accident in Moscow along with her 13-year-old daughter, Alexandra.
"It was a shock. It was so unexpected," Gorshkova said of the loss of their coach. "Elena Anatolievna (Tchaikovskaia) pulled us out of this. She found a new coach for us, Ksenia Gennadievna Rumiantseva and Petr Viatcheslavovitch (Durnev). After Vitalik broke his foot and went back on the ice for the first time, I thought, 'we won't be able to go to any competitions, not to the (Junior) Grand Prix, nothing'. We had very little time, and we didn't have (new) programs or any practices of compulsory dances."
"We went to the (Junior) Grand Prixs with what we had," Gorshkova continued. "We were not in the best shape, but then we somehow recovered and felt good towards the end of the season." Though disappointed, Butikov wasn't too upset about his injury. "The first day, yes, I was upset," he said. "I thought we might miss the season, but then I pulled myself together and it was ok. We came out of it and I was ready in time for the (Junior) Grand Prix." Butikov went back to the ice the first week of September 2007.
The team quickly adjusted to their new coaching situation. "I didn't even expect that we would find a common language so fast," Gorshkova commented. "They are hard-working and they helped us a lot to come back from the injury. They prepared us well." "They skated with us before," Butikov added. "They were at the same training camps, so we knew each other and it was ok." Rumiantseva became Elena Tchaikovskaia's new assistant following the untimely death of Kuzmina.
Tchaikovskaia's school currently has a group of ten young ice dancing teams. It consists of mostly of junior teams, including Finnish ice dancers Oksana Klimova and Sasha Palomäki. "Kristina and Vitalik have very good skating skills and strong compulsories," noted Tchaikovskaia. "They have so much speed that I have to slow them down sometimes. They are a modern couple with a lot of abilities and we have a lot of confidence for the season. They are ready to move up to the senior level." The experienced coach has prepared a Blues and Charleston original dance and a free dance to music from The Godfather soundtrack with them for this season.
Gorshkova and Butikov switched to ice dancing at ages ten and eleven, respectively. "I was skating singles since I was four," said Gorshkova. "It went well, but then I switched to dance because I didn't like the jumps, although they worked for me. But I preferred ice dancing. Just in this time (ice dancing coach Alla) Beliaeva moved with her group to our ice rink and I went to her into dance." Butikov had another reason for changing disciplines. "I quarreled with my single skating coach," he revealed, laughing. "It was stupid, but we quarreled. I left for ballroom dancing and focused on it for like one week." Butikov still wanted to skate, so he decided to go into ice dancing. "I actually did ballroom dancing while I was doing single skating. I did both before I moved to Moscow," he explained.
Gorshkova's mother was a skater as well, but retired at age 16 from competitive skating. Later she put both daughters into skating. Kristina's younger sister is a show skater now and performs in Igor Bobrin's Ice Theatre. Butikov started skating 'just because there was an ice rink near our house'. "First my parents wanted to put me into swimming because the swimming pool was even closer to our house, but then I started skating," he grinned. The athlete originally comes from Perm and moved to Moscow when he was 11 after coach Alla Beliaeva invited him to start ice dancing with one of her students – but not with Gorshkova. However, Gorshkova and Butikov were in the same group and the coach quickly changed her mind and teamed them up. They were a good match from the beginning.
Still, Gorshkova decided to go back to single skating for half a year before coming back and staying with ice dance for good. "I did both singles and dance the first time after I switched," she said. "Then they told me that I had to choose – what do you want more, singles or dance? I said that I didn't really know and I decided to focus on singles after all. I skated singles for half a year, but that was it and I decided that I really wanted to do dance. So I went back to skate with Vitalik, and since then we have been skating together." They have never seriously thought of changing partners and feel that they are friends.
Gorshkova names Anjelika Krylova and Oleg Ovsiannikov and Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat as her all time favorite couples. "I liked Krylova and Ovsiannikov because they had interesting programs and they skated beautifully. I really liked Anissina and Peizerat. I can't even say exactly why, but I liked everything about them," she said. "I admired the Canadian Victor Kraatz," Butikov added. "He was my idol when I went into ice dancing. He had such a soft skating style." Their current favorite dance programs are "Requiem" by Albena Denkova and Maxim Staviski (2007) and "Polovetsian Dances" by Oksana Domnina and Maxim Shabalin (2007). Butikov also really liked "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" by Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (2008).
Butikov feels a bit sad about leaving the junior ranks behind, while Gorshkova is keen on the new challenge. "I'm not regretting to leave the juniors," pointed out Gorshkova. "I'm interested in going to the senior competitions to see what happens there and to feel what it is like. I never skated in senior events before with these kind of (top) teams. We are now moving up to the senior level, and of course we have to work much harder. We will learn from our mistakes that we made in the past season and from things that didn't work." Her partner is hoping to improve their lifts most of all. "It's just difficult now to think of something new, but you have set yourself apart somehow," he observed. "You have to think of new lifts." Interestingly enough, both skaters are enjoying the compulsory dances.
The team loves ice dancing, but they feel a little bit bothered by the rules of the ISU judging system – the Code of Points. "In general it's a good system," noted Gorshkova, "but these criteria for the levels lead to everybody doing the same lifts. You can add some arm or leg movement to the pose, but basically it's all the same." "They start to be obsessed with these difficult elements and the dance itself is lost," Butikov added. "Yes, the dance gets lost because of this chase after elements and levels and high marks for the technique," agreed Gorshkova. "It's difficult to do a real dance with all these elements that are needed."
If they could make the rules themselves, however, they wouldn't change them too much. "I would soften the requirements to be able to include something from ourselves," Butikov said. Gorshkova feels that most of the elements do belong into the program. "All this is ok," she said, "but just the criteria shouldn't be there. Like in an exhibition program where you can do whatever you want. You can create lifts or interesting elements, spins or little steps. But in general the rules are ok."
Both skaters are studying at the Sports Institute and like watching movies and meeting friends in their spare time. Gorshkova likes almost all kind of movies 'as long as it is a good one', while Butikov prefers foreign over Russian films.
Their long-term goal is the 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi. For this season, however, they want to place in the top three at Russian Nationals and qualify for the European Championships. They are currently scheduled to compete at Skate Canada and the NHK Trophy.
Kristina Gorshkova and Vitali Butikov
← Previous Story Krasilnikova and Bezmaternikh Strive for Next Level
Next Story → Wagner Takes New Approach to Stay at the Top
Meryl Davis and Charlie White are the first U.S. ice dance team in history to win Olympic gold (2014). They are also the first U.S. ice dance team to win a world title (2011) and a Grand Prix Final title (2009–10).
More on Meryl Davis and Charlie White in the GS Forum.


text:
<?php
/*
 * Example 6 - How to get the currently activated payment methods.
 */

try
{
	/*
	 * Initialize the Mollie API library with your API key.
	 *
	 * See: https://www.mollie.com/beheer/account/profielen/
	 */
	include "initialize.php";

	/*
	 * Get all the activated methods for this API key.
	 */
	$methods = $mollie->methods->all();

	foreach ($methods as $method)
	{
		echo '
';

		echo 'image->normal) . '"> ';
		echo htmlspecialchars($method->description) . ' (' .  htmlspecialchars($method->id) . ')';

		echo '
';
	}
}
catch (Mollie_API_Exception $e)
{
	echo "API call failed: " . htmlspecialchars($e->getMessage());
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After you have glanced through our website and visited our product pages,now you need to place your order.
You have picked a product that you want to buy,the prices are there for some and some other prices fluctuate you will have to contact us on the contact us page with details of what you wish to buy as follows.
a.) I want to place an order for 2 kilogram of ketamine and 100 pills of oxycodone 80mg, I don't know how this will cost me?
b.) I want to buy 25 bottles of actavis promethazine with codeine purple cough syrup how much will it cost me?
3.Provide your delivery address so that we can add shipping charges to your total order.
4.Once we receive your order with all the details above,we will then email or call you with a bill of your total order.
After confirmation of your order and total bill,we will then provide you with our payment address.
Once Payment is confirmed,we then proceed to register your package at the courier for shipping.
We offer very discreet packaging thus shipping and delivery is 99% guaranteed.


A traditional Cornish dish originating in Mousehole, Penzance, Cornwall.
Before WWII the humble sardine was an American dietary staple. Canneries lined the coastal regions of the states and even served as the locale of a great American novel.
Somewhere along the way the lowly pilchard fell out of favor - replaced by the sleek tuna and a more glamorous American diet. When I was growing up densely packed canned of sardines in several flavors were still available in the grocery aisles. They were easily packed into our saddle bags or our pockets for long days at the lake.
Now as many of us are living with the effects of the high carbohydrate American diet these tiny fish are suddenly more interesting - unfortunately just a decade or so after most of our American canneries have closed.
I haven't purchased a can of sardines in years, but they are on my most current grocery list. They are high in vitamins, omega 3s, calcium and environmentally friendly. Maybe they should be on your list, too?
Something sunny and refreshing; sardines and lemons are a favorite pairing of mine!
A fresh, tangy and spicy recipe. A Portuguese dish of marinated (sustainable) fish, with a summer vegetable salsa.


text:
Ptycholobium contortum är en ärtväxtart som först beskrevs av Nicholas Edward Brown, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Richard Kenneth Brummitt. Ptycholobium contortum ingår i släktet Ptycholobium och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Ärtväxter
contortum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mr. Serjeant Stephen's New Commentaries on the Laws of England: (Partly ...
За Henry John Stephen
(who, being absent at the time of the crime committed, doth yet procure, counsel, or command another to commit a crime (k). Herein absence is necessary to make him an accessory; for if such procurer, or the like, be present, he is guilty of the crime as principal (1). If A. then advises B. to kill another, and B. does it in the absence of A.; now B. is principal and A. is accessory to the murder. And this holds, even though the party killed be not in rerum naturâ at the time of the advice given. As, if A., the reputed father, advises B., the mother of a bastard child, unborn, to strangle it when born, and she does so; A. is accessory to this murder (m). And it is also settled, that whoever procureth a felony to be committed, though it be by the intervention of a third person, is an accessory
a before the fact (n).] It is likewise a rule, that he who in anywise commands or counsels another to commit an unlawful act, is accessory to all that ensues upon that unlawful act, supposing at least that it was a probable consequence thereof, but not otherwise (o). As if A. advises B. to rob C., and B. does so accordingly, and on resistance made kills C., B. is guilty of murder as principal, and A. as accessory (p). [But if A. commands B. to
P burn C.'s house, and he, in so doing, commits a robbery; now A., though accessory to the burning, is not accessory to the robbery, for that is a thing of a distinct and unconsequential nature (9). But if the felony committed
) be the same in substance with that which is commanded, and only varying in some circumstantial matters ;-as if
(k) 1 Hale, P. C. 615, 616. See seems that in reason it must be so 24 & 25 Vict. c. 94, s. 2; The Queen qualified. v. Gregory, Law Rep., 1 C. C. R. 77.
(P) Fost. ubi
Blackstone, (1) See R. v. Jordan, 7 Car. & P. vol. iv. p. 37 (after Hale), puts the 432; R. v. Tuckwell, 1 Car. & Mar. case of A. commanding B. to beat C., 215,
and B. beating him so that he dies. (m) Dyer, 186.
But this alone would perhaps not (n) Foster, 125.
suffice to make A. accessory to the (0) This qualification of the rule murder. will be found in Fost. 370. (And (7) Hawk. P. C. b. 2, c. 29, s. 22. sce | Ilale, P. C. 617.) And it
[upon a command to poison Titius, he is stabbed or shot, and dies ;—the commander is still accessory to the murder, for the substance of the thing commanded was the death of Titius, and the manner of its execution is a mere collateral circumstance (r).
3. An accessory after the fact may be, where a person, knowing a felony to have been committed, receives, relieves, comforts or assists the felon (s). Therefore, to make an accessory ex post facto, it is in the first place requisite that he knows of the felony committed, and that it was committed by the party in question (t). In the next place he must receive, relieve, comfort or assist the criminal. And, generally, any assistance whatever given to a felon, to hinder his being apprehended, tried or suffering punishment, makes the assistor an accessory. As furnishing him with a horse to escape his pursuers, a house or other shelter to conceal him, or open force and violence to rescue or protect him (u). So likewise to convey instruments to a felon to enable him to break gaol, or to bribe the gaoler to let him escape, makes a man an accessory to the felony (x).] But to buy or receive stolen goods, knowing them to be stolen, does not fall within the definition of this offence; and at common law, such receiving was a misdemeanor only, because the offender received the goods only and not the felon (y). But this offence (as we shall see in the appropriate place) is now differently treated (z).
[The felony must be complete at the time of the assistance given, else it makes not the assistor an accessory. As if one wounds another mortally, and after the wound given, but before death ensues, a person assists or receives the delinquent, this does not make him accessory
(7) Hawk. P. C. b. 2, c. 29, s. 20.
($) 1 Hale, P. C. 618.
(1) Hawk. ubi sup. s 32.
(1) Ibid. ss. 26, 27, 28.
(x) See 28 & 29 Vict. c. 126, Ss. 37-40.
(y) 4 B1. Com. p. 38.
(1) As to receiving stolen goods, ride post, p. 136.
[to the homicide ; for till death ensues there is no felony committed (a). But so strict is the law where a felony is actually complete, in order to do effectual justice, that the nearest relations are not suffered to aid or receive one another. If the parent assists his child, or the child the parent, if the brother receives the brother, the master his servant, or the servant his master, or even if the husband receives his wife, who have any of them committed a felony, the receivers become accessories ex post facto (6). But a feme covert cannot become an accessory by the receipt and concealment of her husband; for she is presumed to act under his coercion; and therefore she is not bound, neither ought she, to discover her lord (c).
4. The last point of inquiry is, how accessories are to be treated, considered distinct from principals: and the general rule of the antient law,-borrowed from the Gothic constitutions,-is this, that accessories shall suffer the same punishment as their principals (d): if one be liable to death, the other is also liable ; as, by the laws of Athens, delinquents and their abettors were to receive the same punishment (e).] With which, as regards accessories before the fact, the modern rule is strictly consonant; for, by 24 & 25 Vict. c. 94, s. 1, all these are to be indicted, tried, convicted and punished in all respects as if they were principal felons (f). [Why then, it may be asked, are such elaborate distinctions
(a) Hawk. P. C. b. 2, c. 29, s. 35. (6) 3 Inst. 108; Hawk. ubi sup.
(d) See Stiern. de Jure Goth. I. 3,
c. 5.
S. 34.
(c) See 1 Hale, P. C. 47, 621; Reg. v. Good, 1 Car. & K. 185. So also a wife cannot be indicted for receiving goods stolen by her husband. (Reg. 1. Brooks, 22 L. J. (M. C.) 121.) As to the doctrine of the wife's coercion by her husband, vide sup. p. 32.
(c) Pott. Antiq. b. I, c. 26.
(J) This provision is a re-enactment of 11 & 12 Vict. c. 46, s. 1 (repealed by 24 & 25 Vict. c. 95). See also 24 & 25 Vict. c. 96, s. 98; c. 97, s. 56; c. 98, s. 49; c. 99, s. 35; c. 100, s. 67, in reference to the particular felonies panishable under those Acts, respectively.
[made between accessories and principals, if both are to suffer the same punishment ?
For these reasons: 1. To distinguish the nature and denomination of crimes, that the accused may know how to defend himself when indicted; the commission of an actual robbery being quite a different accusation from that of harbouring the robber. 2. Because, though accessories before the fact are treated as principals, yet accessories after the fact are usually punished with less severity (g). 3. Because, formerly, no man could be tried as accessory till after the principal was convicted, or, at least, he must have been tried at the same time with him ; though that rule is now wholly abolished (h).
(9) Accessories after the fact to And he cites Beccaria, c. 37, in any felony, are in general punishable support of this doctrine. with imprisonment for any term not (h) 1 Hale, P. C. 623; Fost. 363. exceeding two years, with or with- The rule was abolished as to accesout hard labour; and may also be sories before the fact by 7 Geo. 4, required to find security to keep the c. 64. And now, by 24 & 25 Vict. peace, or, in default, to suffer an c. 94, (re-enacting in substance additional imprisonment to the ex- 11 & 12 Vict. c. 46, ss. 1, 3,) it is tent of one year. (See 24 & 25 Vict. provided, that an accessory before c. 94, s. 4.) But accessories after the fact to any felony shall be inthe fact to murder are punishable dicted, tried, convicted, and punby penal servitude for life, or not ished, in all respects, as if he wero less than five years, (see 24 & 25 a principal felon. It is further enVict. c. 100, s. 67, and 27 & 28 Vict. acted by the same Act, that any acC. 47,) or to be imprisoned with cessory either before or after the fact or without hard labour to the ex- may be indicted and convicted, either tent of two years. It is the opinion as such accessory together with the of Blackstone (vol. iv. p. 39), that principal felon, or after his convic" if a distinction were constantly to tion: or may be indicted and conbe made between the punishments victed of a substantive felony, wheof principals and accessories even ther the principal felon shall have before the fact, the latter to be been convicted or not, or shall or treated with a little less severity shall not be amenable to justice, than the former, it might prevent and may thereupon be punished in the perpetration of many crimes, by the same manner as an accessory increasing the difficulty of finding before or after the fact, (if cona person to execute the deed itself ; victed as an accessory,) may respecas his danger would be greater than tively be punished. (24 & 25 Vict. that of his accomplices by reason of c. 94, ss. 1, 2, 3.) the difference of his punishment."
[4. Because, though a man be indicted as accessory, and acquitted, he may afterwards be indicted as principal ; for an acquittal of receiving or counselling a felon, is no acquittal of the felony itself. Yet it was formerly a matter of some doubt, whether, if a man were acquitted as principal, he could afterwards be indicted as accessory before the fact, since those offences are frequently very near allied; and therefore an acquittal of the guilt of one may be an acquittal of the other also (i). But that doubt has been since overruled (k); and it has always been clearly held, that one acquitted as principal may be indicted as accessory after the fact ; since that is always an offence of a different species of guilt, principally tending to evade the public justice, and is subsequent in its commencement to the other. Upon these reasons, the distinction of principal and accessory will appear to be highly necessary; though the punishment is, in all cases,
, the same with regard to principals and accessories before the fact.]
(i) 1 Hale, P. C. 625, 626; Hawk. P. C. b. 2, c. 35, s. 11.
(k) R. v. Birchenough, 1 M.C.C.R. 477; R. v. Parry, 7 C. & P. 836.


text:
Google warns DNSChanger victims
The warning displayed by Google when a user with an infected computer visits their site
Google has begun warning visitors to its search engine if they are infected with the DNSChanger malware, and providing them with a link to disinfection instructions.
When DNSChanger infects a system, it switches the DNS server for another one that, for a while, intentionally answered the user's DNS queries with incorrect IP addresses. When users tried to navigate to particular sites, those addresses were used to bring up manipulated versions in which the advertisements had been replaced.
The FBI has now seized control of the malicious DNS servers, but countless computers are still infected with the malware. Google estimates that it will have to warn more than 500,000 infected users over the course of a week, but doesn't say how it came up with that figure.
These users still have access to the internet because the servers controlled by the FBI now return the correct IPs, but the agency plans to stop operating the servers on 9 July, when the court order expires. Anyone who has not realised that their system is infected and changed the DNS server by then will no longer be able to access the internet.
Google's plan makes sense, since the search engine is one of the most popular web sites, making it highly likely that a majority of the affected users will visit it by 9 July. Previously, users who wanted to check whether their system was using one of the DNSChanger servers had to be proactive and conduct an online check, for example at dnschanger.eu, which also includes disinfection instructions.
(fab)
NBC.com hacked and served up malware
DNSChanger victims to lose internet on Monday
Malware masquerades as police message to extort money
Operation Ghost Click: FBI busts DNSChanger botnet
Google search: now with malware warnings
IBM hands out infected USB drives at security conference
Android and its password problems open doors for spies
Critical vulnerabilities in numerous ASUS routers
Black Hat 2013: NSA director to speak at hacker conference


text:
Q: The indefinite article "a" at the beginning of a sentence Is it correct to write: Small change makes a big difference  or do I need an indefinite article a at the beginning of the sentence? Why?

A: I would use one of the following two sentences:

A small change makes a big difference.
  Small changes make a big difference.

In other words, with an "a" I'd frame it in the singular—because you're talking about a single small change; otherwise, in the plural—because you're talking about small changes in general.
Here, I'm thinking of change meaning "the act, process, or result of changing."

The only way I can make sense of "small change" without an "a" being put in the singular is when I think of change meaning "coins especially of low denominations · a pocketful of change."
With that meaning, then it makes sense to say:

Small change makes a big difference (when it comes to tipping your server).

And here, small change is being treated as a collective singular, in the same way that an uncountable noun would be.
I believe this answer (aside from the specific final example) will apply to any other countable noun. For instance, you would treat smart idea in the same manner.
However, it would not apply to uncountable nouns. Water, always in the singular without something additional (like body of), would never take "a" front of it.

As one comment validly pointed out, you can order "a water" (or "a coffee") at a restaurant. But, in that case, I would argue that you are using an uncountable noun as if it were countable. (And, in terms of meaning, assuming that the missing "bottle of," "glass of," or "cup of" is understood.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
What the think tanks are thinking
Search in All Fields Title Author Subject for
Foreign Policy308
News Analysis293
International Trade and Finance216
United States[remove]3,314
Europe2,193
China1,528
Middle East1,270
Global Focus1,189
Journal Article1,504
Working Paper775
Country Data and Maps504
Policy Brief488
Foreign Affairs132
PRISM93
Americas Quarterly85
Comparative Connections83
The Cato Journal83
International Security82
Publishing Institution
Economist Intelligence Unit513
Center for Strategic and International Studies303
Council on Foreign Relations194
The Cato Institute135
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University114
Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS)93
within 1 Year61
within 3 Years336
within 10 Years[remove]3,314
within 25 Years3,314
You searched for: Political Geography United States Remove constraint Political Geography: United States Publication Year within 10 Years Remove constraint Publication Year: within 10 Years
1. China in a World of Orders: Rethinking Compliance and Challenge in Beijing's International Relations
Author: Alastair Iain Johnston
Publication Date: 10-2019
Content Type: Journal Article
Journal: International Security
Institution: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University
Abstract: Many scholars and policymakers in the United States accept the narrative that China is a revisionist state challenging the U.S.-dominated international liberal order. The narrative assumes that there is a singular liberal order and that it is obvious what constitutes a challenge to it. The concepts of order and challenge are, however, poorly operationalized. There are at least four plausible operationalizations of order, three of which are explicitly or implicitly embodied in the dominant narrative. These tend to assume, ahistorically, that U.S. interests and the content of the liberal order are almost identical. The fourth operationalization views order as an emergent property of the interaction of multiple state, substate, nonstate, and international actors. As a result, there are at least eight "issue-specific orders" (e.g., military, trade, information, and political development). Some of these China accepts; some it rejects; and some it is willing to live with. Given these multiple orders and varying levels of challenge, the narrative of a U.S.-dominated liberal international order being challenged by a revisionist China makes little conceptual or empirical sense. The findings point to the need to develop more generalizable ways of observing orders and compliance.
Topic: International Trade and Finance, Hegemony, Military Affairs, Information Age, Liberal Order
Political Geography: United States, China, Asia
2. Dangerous Confidence? Chinese Views on Nuclear Escalation
Author: Fiona S. Cunningham, M. Taylor Fravel
Abstract: Chinese views of nuclear escalation are key to assessing the potential for nuclear escalation in a crisis or armed conflict between the United States and China, but they have not been examined systematically. A review of original Chinese-language sources and interviews with members of China's strategic community suggest that China is skeptical that nuclear escalation could be controlled once nuclear weapons are used and, thus, leaders would be restrained from pursuing even limited use. These views are reflected in China's nuclear operational doctrine (which outlines plans for retaliatory strikes only and lacks any clear plans for limited nuclear use) and its force structure (which lacks tactical nuclear weapons). The long-standing decoupling of Chinese nuclear and conventional strategy, organizational biases within China's strategic community, and the availability of space, cyber, and conventional missile weapons as alternative sources of strategic leverage best explain Chinese views toward nuclear escalation. China's confidence that a U.S.-China conflict would not escalate to the use of nuclear weapons may hamper its ability to identify nuclear escalation risks in such a scenario. Meanwhile, U.S. scholars and policymakers emphasize the risk of inadvertent escalation in a conflict with China, but they are more confident than their Chinese counterparts that the use of nuclear weapons could remain limited. When combined, these contrasting views could create pressure for a U.S.-China conflict to escalate rapidly into an unlimited nuclear war.
Topic: Arms Control and Proliferation, Nuclear Weapons, International Security, Nuclear Power, Nonproliferation
3. The Domestic Politics of Nuclear Choices
Author: Elizabeth N. Saunders
Abstract: When and how do domestic politics influence a state's nuclear choices? Recent scholarship on nuclear security develops many domestic-political explanations for different nuclear decisions. These explanations are partly the result of two welcome trends: first, scholars have expanded the nuclear timeline, examining state behavior before and after nuclear proliferation; and second, scholars have moved beyond blunt distinctions between democracies and autocracies to more fine-grained understandings of domestic constraints. But without linkages between them, new domestic-political findings could be dismissed as a laundry list of factors that do not explain significant variation in nuclear decisions. This review essay assesses recent research on domestic politics and nuclear security, and develops a framework that illuminates when and how domestic-political mechanisms are likely to affect nuclear choices. In contrast to most previous domestic arguments, many of the newer domestic-political mechanisms posited in the literature are in some way top-down; that is, they show leaders deliberately maintaining or loosening control over nuclear choices. Two dimensions govern the extent and nature of domestic-political influence on nuclear choices: the degree of threat uncertainty and the costs and benefits to leaders of expanding the circle of domestic actors involved in a nuclear decision. The framework developed in this review essay helps make sense of several cases explored in the recent nuclear security literature. It also has implications for understanding when and how domestic-political arguments might diverge from the predictions of security-based analyses.
Topic: Security, Arms Control and Proliferation, Nuclear Weapons, Treaties and Agreements, International Security, Domestic politics, Nonproliferation
Political Geography: Russia, United States, China, Iran, North Korea
4. How to Enlarge NATO: The Debate inside the Clinton Administration, 1993–95
Author: M.E. Sarotte
Abstract: Newly available sources show how the 1993–95 debate over the best means of expanding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization unfolded inside the Clinton administration. This evidence comes from documents recently declassified by the Clinton Presidential Library, the Defense Department, and the State Department because of appeals by the author. As President Bill Clinton repeatedly remarked, the two key questions about enlargement were when and how. The sources make apparent that, during a critical decisionmaking period twenty-five years ago, supporters of a relatively swift conferral of full membership to a narrow range of countries outmaneuvered proponents of a slower, phased conferral of limited membership to a wide range of states. Pleas from Central and Eastern European leaders, missteps by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, and victory by the pro-expansion Republican Party in the 1994 U.S. congressional election all helped advocates of full-membership enlargement to win. The documents also reveal the surprising impact of Ukrainian politics on this debate and the complex roles played by both Strobe Talbott, a U.S. ambassador and later deputy secretary of state, and Andrei Kozyrev, the Russian foreign minister. Finally, the sources suggest ways in which the debate's outcome remains significant for transatlantic and U.S.-Russian relations today.
Topic: Foreign Policy, NATO, International Security, Clinton Administration
Political Geography: Russia, United States
5. Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion
Author: Henry Farrell, Abraham L. Newman
Abstract: Liberals claim that globalization has led to fragmentation and decentralized networks of power relations. This does not explain how states increasingly "weaponize interdependence" by leveraging global networks of informational and financial exchange for strategic advantage. The theoretical literature on network topography shows how standard models predict that many networks grow asymmetrically so that some nodes are far more connected than others. This model nicely describes several key global economic networks, centering on the United States and a few other states. Highly asymmetric networks allow states with (1) effective jurisdiction over the central economic nodes and (2) appropriate domestic institutions and norms to weaponize these structural advantages for coercive ends. In particular, two mechanisms can be identified. First, states can employ the "panopticon effect" to gather strategically valuable information. Second, they can employ the "chokepoint effect" to deny network access to adversaries. Tests of the plausibility of these arguments across two extended case studies that provide variation both in the extent of U.S. jurisdiction and in the presence of domestic institutions—the SWIFT financial messaging system and the internet—confirm the framework's expectations. A better understanding of the policy implications of the use and potential overuse of these tools, as well as the response strategies of targeted states, will recast scholarly debates on the relationship between economic globalization and state coercion.
Topic: International Relations, Globalization, Information Age, Global Security, Weapons
Political Geography: United States, Global Focus
6. The End of War: How a Robust Marketplace and Liberal Hegemony Are Leading to Perpetual World Peace
Author: Michael Mousseau
Abstract: Permanent world peace is beginning to emerge. States with developed market-oriented economies have foremost interests in the principle of self-determination of all states as the foundation for a robust global marketplace. War among these states, even making preparations for war, is not possible, because they are in a natural alliance to preserve and protect the global order. Among other states, weaker powers, fearing those that are stronger, tend to bandwagon with the relatively benign market-oriented powers. The result is a powerful liberal global hierarchy that is unwittingly, but systematically, buttressing states' embrace of market norms and values, moving the world toward perpetual peace. Analysis of voting preferences of members of the United Nations General Assembly from 1946 to 2010 corroborates the influence of the liberal global hierarchy: states with weak internal markets tend to disagree with the foreign policy preferences of the largest market power (i.e., the United States), but more so if they have stronger rather than weaker military and economic capabilities. Market-oriented states, in contrast, align with the market leader regardless of their capabilities. Barring some dark force that brings about the collapse of the global economy (such as climate change), the world is now in the endgame of a five-century-long trajectory toward permanent peace and prosperity.
Topic: Peace Studies, War, Hegemony, Peacekeeping, Global Security, Liberal Order
Political Geography: United States, United Nations, Global Focus
7. Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order
Author: John J. Mearsheimer
Abstract: The liberal international order, erected after the Cold War, was crumbling by 2019. It was flawed from the start and thus destined to fail. The spread of liberal democracy around the globe—essential for building that order—faced strong resistance because of nationalism, which emphasizes self-determination. Some targeted states also resisted U.S. efforts to promote liberal democracy for security-related reasons. Additionally, problems arose because a liberal order calls for states to delegate substantial decisionmaking authority to international institutions and to allow refugees and immigrants to move easily across borders. Modern nation-states privilege sovereignty and national identity, however, which guarantees trouble when institutions become powerful and borders porous. Furthermore, the hyperglobalization that is integral to the liberal order creates economic problems among the lower and middle classes within the liberal democracies, fueling a backlash against that order. Finally, the liberal order accelerated China's rise, which helped transform the system from unipolar to multipolar. A liberal international order is possible only in unipolarity. The new multipolar world will feature three realist orders: a thin international order that facilitates cooperation, and two bounded orders—one dominated by China, the other by the United States—poised for waging security competition between them.
Topic: International Relations, International Relations Theory, Liberal Order
Political Geography: United States, China, Europe
8. A Flawed Framework: Why the Liberal International Order Concept Is Misguided
Author: Charles L. Glaser
Abstract: Well before President Donald Trump began rhetorically attacking U.S. allies and the open international trading system, policy analysts worried about challenges to the liberal international order (LIO). A more fundamental issue, however, has received little attention: the analytic value of framing U.S. security in terms of the LIO. Systematic examination shows that this framing creates far more confusion than insight. Even worse, the LIO framing could lead the United States to adopt overly competitive policies and unnecessarily resist change in the face of China's growing power. The "LIO concept"—the logics that proponents identify as underpinning the LIO—is focused inward, leaving it ill equipped to address interactions between members of the LIO and states that lie outside the LIO. In addition, the LIO concept suffers theoretical flaws that further undermine its explanatory value. The behavior that the LIO concept claims to explain—including cooperation under anarchy, effective Western balancing against the Soviet Union, the Cold War peace, and the lack of balancing against the United States following the Cold War—is better explained by other theories, most importantly, defensive realism. Analysis of U.S. international policy would be improved by dropping the LIO terminology entirely and reframing analysis in terms of grand strategy.
Topic: International Relations, Grand Strategy, International Relations Theory, Liberal Order, Trump
Political Geography: United States, China
9. Proliferation and the Logic of the Nuclear Market
Author: Eliza Gheorghe
Abstract: The evolution of the nuclear market explains why there are only nine members of the nuclear club, not twenty-five or more, as some analysts predicted. In the absence of a supplier cartel that can regulate nuclear transfers, the more suppliers there are, the more intense their competition will be, as they vie for market share. This commercial rivalry makes it easier for nuclear technology to spread, because buyers can play suppliers off against each other. The ensuing transfers help countries either acquire nuclear weapons or become hedgers. The great powers (China, Russia, and the United States) seek to thwart proliferation by limiting transfers and putting safeguards on potentially dangerous nuclear technologies. Their success depends on two structural factors: the global distribution of power and the intensity of the security rivalry among them. Thwarters are most likely to stem proliferation when the system is unipolar and least likely when it is multipolar. In bipolarity, their prospects fall somewhere in between. In addition, the more intense the rivalry among the great powers in bipolarity and multipolarity, the less effective they will be at curbing proliferation. Given the potential for intense security rivalry among today's great powers, the shift from unipolarity to multipolarity does not portend well for checking proliferation.
Topic: International Relations, Arms Control and Proliferation, Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Power, Nonproliferation, International Relations Theory
Political Geography: Russia, United States, China
10. Buying Allies: Payment Practices in Multilateral Military Coalition-Building
Author: Marina Henke
Abstract: Many countries serving in multilateral military coalitions are "paid" to do so, either in cash or in concessions relating to other international issues. An examination of hundreds of declassified archival sources as well as elite interviews relating to the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Iraq War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization operation in Afghanistan, the United Nations–African Union operation in Darfur, and the African Union operation in Somalia reveals that these payment practices follow a systematic pattern: pivotal states provide the means to cover such payments. These states reason that rewarding third parties to serve in multilateral coalitions holds important political benefits. Moreover, two distinct types of payment schemes exist: deployment subsidies and political side deals. Three types of states are most likely to receive such payments: (1) states that are inadequately resourced to deploy; (2) states that are perceived by the pivotal states as critical contributors to the coalition endeavor; and (3) opportunistic states that perceive a coalition deployment as an opportunity to negotiate a quid pro quo. These findings provide a novel perspective on what international burden sharing looks like in practice. Moreover, they raise important questions about the efficiency and effectiveness of such payment practices in multilateral military deployments.
Topic: Security, National Security, Regional Cooperation, International Security, Military Strategy, Military Affairs, Alliance
Political Geography: United States, Iraq, Kuwait, Vietnam, Korea, Somalia
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What is Sanfilippo Syndrome
Independent SAB
PATIENT & PHYSICIAN RESOURCES
Patient and Physician Resources
PHOENIX NEST BIOTECH
Patient Registry
ConnectMPS is a collaboration between leading MPS and Mucolipidosis (ML) organizations around the globe. Launched in 2014 with two advocacy organizations, this registry quickly expanded to 22 international advocacy groups by early 2016. In the summer of 2016, through a partnership with the National MPS Society, the ConnectMPS registry was rebranded to become a centralized, comprehensive global database that connects all stakeholders in the MPS and ML communities.
By coming together, we demonstrate our unity towards discovery of a cure and to offer researchers and industry the most efficient, uniform source for patient data to advance treatments.
If you or your child has Sanfilippo Syndrome please join the registry.
Open letter to Patients and Physicians
Dear Parents and Physicians:
I'm Jonah's mom, founder of Jonah's Just Begun-Foundation to Cure Sanfilippo Inc, now under the umbrella of the Cure Sanfilippo foundation and CEO of Phoenix Nest Inc. I'm writing this letter for parents and physicians in hopes to shed some light on the course of Sanfilippo syndrome that you might not glean from the literature. Furthermore, the literature doesn't hit on everything that is important to a parent.
I'd like to walk you through the motions of Jonah's diagnosis and the symptoms that he had, still has, and or started to have.
Jonah was born in 2008, we did not notice anything amiss. He was meeting his milestones on time. At Jonah's one year well visit we saw a new pediatrician. Our pediatrician remarked that Jonah's head circumference was well above average. He referred back to the charts of Jonah's first year of life and noted that Jonah's head circumference was above average at birth and continued to grow. He recommended an MRI so we could rule out hydrocephaly. He sent us to a neurologist who agreed. What we didn't know was that both of these doctors had a gut feeling that something else might be the cause of Jonah's large head. They saw his coarse facial features, which my husband and I did not pick up on. I want to point out that the hallmark features of a Lysosomal Storage Disease (LSD) even with the mildest somatic features can be detected at birth.
The MRI was performed at NYU Langone. The MRI showed findings of: Frontal bossing, a bone deformity consistent with the MPS's, innumerable prominent dilated perivascular spaces in the cerebral hemispheric white matter, including several lesions in the corpus callosum and J-shaped sella. These findings were all consistent with the group of diseases called mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS).
Langone physicians recommended testing for all of the MPS's. Our geneticist did this through Greenwood Genetics lab, it came back with elevated levels of Heparan Sulfate, which pointed towards MPS III, more commonly known as Sanfilippo syndrome. We next did an enzymatic test to find out which subtype, that came back MPS IIIC. Jonah was 22months at the time of diagnosis and to my knowledge is one of just a couple of babies diagnosed asymptomatic, without an older brother or sister diagnosed first. From my experience I would guestimate the average age of diagnosis for MPS IIIC, to be ~8. In the literature subtypes C and D are considered less severe than A and B. They are also noted as being rarer. I would agree on both of these statements. However, Sanfilippo syndrome is heterogeneous. Even between subtypes, a type C child can be just as severe as a type A child. I have also noticed a difference between severity of type C children from different geographical locations.
We were asked to take Jonah to numerous medical appointments: ENT, GI, MRI of the spine, head to toe X-rays, sleep study, cardiologist, allergist and ophthalmologist.
Jonah's ear canals were filled with fluid, he had grommets placed for drainage. His adenoids were removed as well. The cervical spine MRI showed that the odontoid process as being small and sclerosed, meaning his top vertebrae was not formed properly. The echogram of his abdomen showed that he had hepatosplenomegaly, his liver and spleen were enlarged. The X-rays showed a couple of minor bone deformities, flared ribs and a raised sternum. A physical examination determined that he had ankle clonus.
Between the ages of 1-4 Jonah suffered from numerous sinus infections, the worst being at 1 year of age. His ear infections are still frequent but have subsided some over the years. His nose no longer runs constantly. Jonah's mucus is quite thick and sticky which is MPS related. Jonah developed seasonal allergies, that must be treated. At the age of 2 Jonah started having bouts of non food or parasite related diarrhea.
As a toddler Jonah was extremely active, he was a runner and fearless. He was very curios, he got into everything. He also threw the world's most epic temper-tantrums. Throwing himself down on the ground kicking and screaming, he'd do it anywhere. He did this when he wanted to do something and was told he couldn't. He has oppositional defiance disorder, which started to subside at the age of 7 but picked back up at 10, possibly due to puberty and then subsided again at age 13. We took him to an ABA therapist who helped my husband and I by teaching us how to manage the behaviors. We were able to break him from the temper-tantrums. Mood altering drugs had some affect when he was a toddler but stopped helping by elementary school. When not exhibiting difficult behaviors, Sanfilippo children are loving, affectionate, and sociable.
Jonah's hair was fine and silky for the first three years of life, it quickly became thick and coarse. His lower half is abnormally hairy. Physicians and even hairdressers should take note of this change. A hairdresser once commented that Jonah must live in a swimming pool.
Sanfilippo children are almost always diagnosed with Autism before receiving a Sanfilippo diagnosis. Physicians, if your autistic patient has frontal bossing, coarse hair and is overly hyper active, please test for MPS III.
Jonah has never had any seizures, nor does he have sleep issues. He did have infrequent night terrors until he was about 5. Jonah has also never had the disturbing episodes of inconsolable laughing or crying. These episodes fit into the description of Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA), but the underlying cause is not known. Parents search relentlessly for a medical explanation, sadly their physicians don't usually come up with a definitive diagnosis. The frequency of these episodes is unpredictable, it may happen once and never again.
There are a few papers published that discuss retinitis pigmentosa in Sanfilippo children and non-syndromic adults. Out of curiosity I requested that Jonah have an ERG and OCT, these are not easily performed on Sanfilippo children who have a hard time sitting still. We did get a couple of good images of his retina; he has cystoid macular edema.
When Jonah received his diagnosis he qualified for early intervention, we had in home speech therapy and physical therapy. I wish we would have had OT from the start, Jonah has a hard time with motor planning. He had his first set of grommets placed in his ears at 2 years of age. We didn't know that he could not hear well, his ENT said that Jonah's hearing was as bad as someone trying to hear underwater. At that time Jonah was meeting his milestones and had several words. When the grommets were placed, we noticed an immediate improvement. He started pointing noises out, a plane, a motorcycle, baby crying, noises that he had not asked about before. After 2 sets of grommets, he had T-tubes, those were removed when he was 10 and he started wearing hearing aids.
Jonah began pre-school at 3 years of age, he received speech therapy 5 days a week! He also had OT and PT. His motor planning and sense of self-awareness while he walks has never been normal. He's now a bit knock-kneed and his gait is off. Jonah stopped with the fearless running by the time he was 6. He is aware of traffic and stops at crosswalks.
He has irrational fears, he is uncomfortable around dogs. He does not like Halloween, he is wary of the costumes. I mention this minor hallmark because some kids have profound irrational fears. Running into the street to avoid walking by a dog. The literature always describes Sanfilippo children as fearless, there is a difference.
Some kids have sensory seeking needs. Sucking on their shirts or a toy. Jonah excessively picks his fingers, toes and nose. Another child might like tearing shreds of paper, another the feel of someone else's hair. Jonah used to lick anything from a subway mural to a stranger's arm. It has gotten a lot better, but he still has compulsions. I recently caught him licking the bottom of his shoe. Germs are nerve wracking for Sanfilippo parents, upper respiratory infections easily lead to pneumonia. Older children don't always survive pneumonia. Other times children don't bounce back from an acute infection. Aspiration pneumonia is also common, swallowing issues should be watched for.
Physicians, I'd like one of your takeaways to be on the importance of early diagnosis. Because of Jonah's early diagnosis we were able to save his hearing, at 14 Jonah's language is well above average. He can speak full sentences and he can read at a first-grade level. If he had not been diagnosed at 2, he would not have received immediate early intervention therapies, he would not have qualified to attend a private pre-school at no cost. Emotionally and financially my husband and I are in a much better place than we would have been if Jonah had received his dx at 8. We were able to make major life decisions for our family, we could have had three affected children. We chose our home and made career choices that accommodated Jonah's health and educational needs. I have noticed that physicians don't always think along these lines, not wanting to tell a parent of a newborn that their child has an untreatable terminal illness. Assuming instead that ignorance is bliss. It isn't blissful to wonder why your child is not like their siblings or the other kids at the playground. Feeling like a bad parent because their child runs down the grocery store isle knocking food off the shelves. Getting kicked out of schools. Physicians, please don't try to spare a parent's feelings, we're going to find out eventually, might as well be before it's too late.
The Cure Sanfilippo Foundation and the MPS Society are also of particular help. An extensive list of literature on Sanfilippo syndrome can be found on the Cure Sanfilippo Foundation site.
Jill Wood (Jonah's proud Mother)
Helpful Organizations
AllStripes
By joining AllStripes, you can contribute your de-identified medical records to multiple research efforts for Sanfilippo syndrome without leaving home. We do the work to collect your information, and you'll receive all your records in your secure account, at no cost.
EveryLife Foundation
We are dedicated to empowering the rare disease patient community to advocate for impactful, science-driven legislation and policy that advances the equitable development of and access to lifesaving diagnoses, treatments and cures.
ConnectMPS
A Global MPS and ML patient registry, founded by: Jonah's Just Begun-Foundation to Cure Sanfilippo Inc, Ben's Dream and the National MPS Society and supported by over 20 Sanfilippo organizations across the globe.
Cure Sanfilippo Foundation
Cure Sanfilippo Foundation architects and funds cutting-edge research to accelerate discovery of a treatment or cure for Sanfilippo Syndrome so parents can dream of their children's futures again.
National MPS Society
The National MPS Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to acting as a support group for families affected by mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), mucolipidoses (ML) and other related disorders; increasing professional and public awareness; and raising funds to further research into such disorders.
254 36th St, Suite B631, Brooklyn NY 11232
jwood@phoenixnestbiotech.com
© 2021 Phoenix Nest Biotech. All Rights Reserved.


(a) "Addiction medicine specialist" means a board-certified psychiatrist with a subspecialty certification in addiction medicine or who is eligible for such subspecialty certification in addiction medicine, an addiction medicine physician certified or eligible for certification by the American Society of Addiction Medicine, or an osteopathic physician who holds a certificate of added qualification in Addiction Medicine through the American Osteopathic Association.
(c) "Board-certified pain management physician" means a physician who possesses board certification in pain medicine by the American Board of Pain Medicine, board certification by the American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians, or board certification or subcertification in pain management or pain medicine by a specialty board recognized by the American Association of Physician Specialists or the American Board of Medical Specialties or an osteopathic physician who holds a certificate in Pain Management by the American Osteopathic Association.
(d) "Board eligible" means successful completion of an anesthesia, physical medicine and rehabilitation, rheumatology, or neurology residency program approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or the American Osteopathic Association for a period of 6 years from successful completion of such residency program.
(e) "Chronic nonmalignant pain" means pain unrelated to cancer which persists beyond the usual course of disease or the injury that is the cause of the pain or more than 90 days after surgery.
(f) "Mental health addiction facility" means a facility licensed under chapter 394 or chapter 397.
(e) The physician shall refer the patient as necessary for additional evaluation and treatment in order to achieve treatment objectives. Special attention shall be given to those patients who are at risk for misusing their medications and those whose living arrangements pose a risk for medication misuse or diversion. The management of pain in patients with a history of substance abuse or with a comorbid psychiatric disorder requires extra care, monitoring, and documentation and requires consultation with or referral to an addiction medicine specialist or psychiatrist.
This subsection does not apply to a board-eligible or board-certified anesthesiologist, physiatrist, rheumatologist, or neurologist, or to a board-certified physician who has surgical privileges at a hospital or ambulatory surgery center and primarily provides surgical services. This subsection does not apply to a board-eligible or board-certified medical specialist who has also completed a fellowship in pain medicine approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or the American Osteopathic Association, or who is board eligible or board certified in pain medicine by the American Board of Pain Medicine or a board approved by the American Board of Medical Specialties or the American Osteopathic Association and performs interventional pain procedures of the type routinely billed using surgical codes. This subsection does not apply to a physician who prescribes medically necessary controlled substances for a patient during an inpatient stay in a hospital licensed under chapter 395.
History.—s. 3, ch. 2011-141; s. 31, ch. 2012-160.


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Is It Time for a "Regional" Olympics?
The idea of several cities splitting the games isn't as far-fetched as it seems.
Will Doig February 12, 2014
Splitting the games between two or more cities would solve some challenges, but also create new ones.
Four years before Nagano, Japan was to host the 1998 Winter Olympics, journalist Ben Hills traveled to the site designated as the geographical center of the games. What he found there shocked him: "There is not a piece of machinery in sight, not a sign, not even a fence marking the spot," he wrote. How could this possibly be the place where hundreds of thousands would converge for one of the world's biggest sporting events?
The answer is, it wasn't. Not really, because the Nagano Olympics were, in reality, a regional Olympics, in which some events were held in other cities more than 90 minutes away. It wasn't the first time the games had spread out over a vast area — the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France took place across a swath of about 650 square miles. Only two events, figure skating and speed skating, actually went down in Albertville proper. The rest were held at sites up to two hours away from the official host city.
Both of those games had their ups and downs — more on that in a minute — but as costs spiral upward and the games balloon in scope, it raises an intriguing question: Why not have a "regional" Olympics?
As it turns out, the idea has been floated before, most recently by former New York governor George Pataki, who wanted to bring the Olympics back to Lake Placid in the early 2000s. Lake Placid has hosted the games twice, most recently in 1980. These days, with the Olympics super-sized into lumbering $50 billion spectacles, it's conventional wisdom that a small mountain town of 2,500 has virtually no chance of launching a successful bid when competing against the outsized ambitions of a Beijing or London. "The games have outgrown our tiny resort town in the last 34 years," read a wistful editorial in the Adirondack Daily Enterprise last week. "Our 1980 event has been heralded as the last small-town Olympics."
But Pataki and local boosters believed that needn't be the case. Their idea was to partner Lake Placid with another nearby medium-sized city like Albany or Plattsburgh, N.Y. Even Montreal was suggested as a partner. Located two hours to the north, Quebec's largest city is a gateway to Europe and had hosted the Olympics (albeit somewhat disastrously) in 1976. The idea never got out of the speculative stages — Canada was focused on Vancouver's upcoming 2010 games, and New York City had launched a bid of its own for 2012.
Olympic Park in Montreal, which hosted the games in '76. Photo credit: bobistraveling via Flickr
Still, the idea of not only a regional Olympics but the world's first trans-national Olympics proved intoxicating enough that in 2003, Quebec and New York state agreed to try again in the future. That bid hasn't materialized yet, but there's no reason to think that it won't someday. "It's down the road," Pataki said, "but we'll have an excellent chance of doing it again."
In this age of interconnected megalopolises, is a bid for, say, the Columbus-Cincinnati-Indianapolis Summer Games so far-fetched? Taking the burden off a single city has obvious merits as each subsequent Olympics grows bigger and more unwieldy than the last, leaving a cloud of debt and underused stadiums in its wake. The New York Times ran a story this week about how the stresses of Olympic cheer in Sochi are causing all sorts of havoc in the city's surrounding towns. Spreading that burden to two or more cities could diffuse some of the impact, as well open up the process to smaller cities and generate the kind of inter-city infrastructure that, without the Olympics, would never get off the ground.
It was the Olympics, after all, that pushed Beijing to accelerate its subway construction ambitions. The bullet train that runs from Tokyo to Nagano was built for those games. These kinds of infrastructure-building bonanzas have come to define the Olympics, and using that enthusiasm to create permanent links between major cities is a heady thought for transit advocates.
The concept faces major hurdles, of course. Nagano prepared diligently for its logistical challenge with 900 buses to shuttle around 60,000 athletes, officials and journalists. Even so, the low-speed, two-lane roads created significant traffic problems. In Albertville, some critics felt that the multi-city dynamic took away from the spirit of the games. Britain's Daily Telegraph reported that the sense of global conviviality "was lost on the wind. Competitors, from Switzerland to Senegal, complained about the lack of atmosphere."
As it stands, it's against the rules for a region to bid on the games. A single city must be declared the host, even if the events themselves occur over a wide area. But at Albertville in 1992, Juan Antonio Samaranch, then-president of the International Olympic Committee, told the Christian Science Monitor that he thought a truly regional Olympics would materialize someday: "We are envisioning the possibility of holding future games in several regions or even in more than one country, but with one city given overall responsibility for the project."
The notion seems even more apt today than it was back then, with the world ever-more technologically linked and spectators viewing the games wherever and whenever they feel like pulling out their phone. As a sports reporter for the Times of London wrote at the time, "The fulfillment of Samaranch's prediction… will mean a simultaneous but separate gathering of world championships, linked only by television."
Will Doig was formerly Next City's international editor. He's worked as a columnist at Salon, an editor at The Daily Beast, a lecturer at the New School, and a communications staffer at the Open Society Foundations. He is the author of High-Speed Empire: Chinese Expansion and the Future of Southeast Asia, published by Columbia Global Reports.
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Tags: infrastructure, olympics
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Home News McConnell: 'We're Going To Vote On This Nomination On This Floor'
McConnell: 'We're Going To Vote On This Nomination On This Floor'
On Monday, speaking on the Senate floor, despite the stream of threats aimed at President Trump and the GOP, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell stated confidently of filling the Supreme Court vacancy left after the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg: "We're going to vote on this nomination on this floor."
McConnell tweaked Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) asserting, "Ironically, it was the Democratic leader who went out of his way to declare the midterm 2018 elections a referendum on the Senate's handling of the Supreme Court. My friend, the occupant of the chair, was running that year. The Democratic leader went out of his way to declare the 2018 midterms a referendum on the Senate's handling of the Supreme Court. In his final speech, before Justice Kavanaugh was confirmed, he yelled, literally yelled, over and over at the American people to go vote. He told Americans go elect senators based on how they'd approach their advise and consent duties over these weeks."
n how they'd approach their advise and consent duties over these weeks."McConnell said succinctly, "Unfortunately for him, many Americans did just that," as he let a trace of a grin appear on his face.McConnell said succinctly, "Unfortunately for him, many Americans did just that," as he let a trace of a grin appear on his face.McConnell said succinctly, "Unfortunately for him, many Americans did just that," as he let a trace of a grin appear on his face.
"After watching the Democrats' tactics, voters grew our majority and retired, four, four! of our former colleagues who'd gone a long with their party's behavior," McConnell continued. "We gained two seats; they lost four. That was the issue. Perhaps more than any other single issue, the American people strengthened this Senate majority to keep confirming this president's impressive judicial nominees who respect our Constitution and understand the proper role of a judge."
"In 2014, the voters elected our majority because we pledged to check and balance a second lame-duck president," McConnell pointed out. "Two years later, we kept our word. In 2018, the voters grew that majority on our pledge to continue working with President Trump, most especially on his outstanding judicial appointments. We're going to keep our word once again. We're going to vote on this nomination on this floor."
On Monday afternoon, statements from two GOP senators seemed to cinch the success of a Trump nominee for the Supreme Court, as senators Charles Grassley and Cory Gardner stated they would support a vote on a nominee.Jennifer Jacobs of Bloomberg News reported of Iowa GOP senator Charles Grassley, "Grassley will push forward with filling the US Supreme Court vacancy. '…make no mistake: if the shoe were on the other foot, Senate Democrats wouldn't hesitate to use their Constitutional authority and anything else at their disposal to fill this seat,"' he says in a statement."
Roughly 40 minutes later, Andrew Desiderio of Politico released news of Colorado GOP senator Cory Gardner: "BREAKING: McConnell locks in Sen. Cory Gardner 'I have and will continue to support judicial nominees who will protect our Constitution, not legislate from the bench, and uphold the law. Should a qualified nominee who meets this criteria be put forward, I will vote to confirm.'"
McConnell: 'We're Going To Vote On This Nomination On This Floor' Reviewed by free heip on September 22, 2020 Rating: 5


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