text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
There is strong evidence for the presence of invisible mass, or dark matter (DM), in our Universe~\cite{Bertone:2004pz}.~While the evidence for DM is strong, it is only indirect and based upon gravitational effects on, e.g., stars, galaxies, galaxy clusters, the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the Universe at large~\cite{Jungman:1995df}.~For this reason, the nature of DM remains a mystery.~In astroparticle physics it is standard to assume that DM is made of hypothetical particles, whose present cosmological density is set in the early Universe by chemical decoupling from the thermal bath~\cite{Bertone:2016nfn}.~WIMPs (for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) represent the most extensively studied realisation of this hypothesis~\cite{Arcadi:2017kky}.~So far, WIMPs escaped detection, but complementary strategies have been proposed in the past decades to detect WIMPs in the laboratory, in space, or at particle accelerators~\cite{Roszkowski:2017nbc}.~The so-called direct detection technique~\cite{Drukier:1983gj,Goodman:1984dc} will be crucial in testing the WIMP hypothesis in the coming years~\cite{Baudis:2012ig,Catena:2014epa,Catena:2014hla,Catena:2015vpa}.~It primarily searches for non-relativistic DM-nucleus scattering events in low-background experiments located deep underground~\cite{Lewin:1995rx}.

Assessing the performance of a direct detection experiment, key parameters are the exposure, the energy threshold, and the sensitivity to the direction of nuclear recoils~\cite{Undagoitia:2015gya}.~While significant progress has been made along the three directions in the past decade, only recently it has been realised that the use of polarised targets would provide an additional handle on the nature of DM that direct detection experiments can exploit~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}.~For example, it has been found that a polarised $^{3}$He detector would in principle be able to discriminate DM signal events from solar neutrino-induced nuclear recoils with an efficiency of 98\%, when the orientation of the polarisation axis is antiparallel to the direction of the Sun~\cite{Franarin:2016ppr}.~$^{3}$He is an interesting target also for other reasons, e.g.:~it has no intrinsic X-ray emission; it has a low natural radioactive background; and rejection of neutron-induced background events can easily be achieved through the process n+$^3$He$\rightarrow$p+3H+764 keV~\cite{Amarian:2002ar,Amarian:2003jy}.~Methods to produce large samples of spin-polarised noble gasses, including helium, argon and xenon, are reviewed in~\cite{Bouchiat:1960dsd,Walker:1997zzc}.

The rate of DM scattering by polarised nuclei has for the first time been computed in~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}, focusing on fermionic DM scattering off a point-like spin 1/2 nucleus, and on interactions mediated by a vector or pseudo-vector mediator.~A related study is the one presented in \cite{Franarin:2016ppr}, which focuses on polarised neutrino-nucleus scattering events as an experimental background to direct DM searches.~In this article, we refine the results presented in~\cite{Chiang:2012ze} for fermionic DM (by correcting two sign errors found in the scattering cross section in Eq.~(2) of~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}), and extend them to the case of vector DM.~In the case of scalar DM-nucleus scattering~\cite{Brod:2017bsw,Bishara:2016hek}, the leading nuclear polarisation dependent terms arise at third order in the momentum transfer and are therefore expected to be generically smaller than the ones arising from models for fermionic and vector DM~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}.~Our study is motivated by the possibility of using polarised targets to gain novel insights into the nature of DM which would otherwise be difficult to extract from the result of operating direct detection experiments.~For example, we find that a signal at polarised direct detection experiments could in principle contain information on the DM particle spin.

The article is organised as follows.~In Sec.~\ref{sec:theory} we review the theory of polarised DM-nucleus scattering, focusing on nuclear recoil energy spectra and angular distributions which can be measured at direct detection experiments.~Emphasis will be placed on the relation between these quantities and the squared modulus of the amplitude for polarised DM-nucleus scattering.~Sec.~\ref{sec:amplitudes} provides explicit expressions for the latter, focusing on a general set of simplified models for fermionic and vector DM~\cite{Catena:2017xqq,Baum:2017kfa,Catena:2017wzu,Dent:2015zpa}, assuming a point-like spin 1/2 nucleus as a target.~For all DM models considered here, nuclear recoil energy spectra and angular distributions are numerically evaluated in Sec.~\ref{sec:results}, where we also comment on the dependence of our results on the DM spin.~We conclude in Sec.~\ref{sec:conclusion}, collect useful Feynman rules for vector DM in Appendix~\ref{sec:rules}, and present an independent derivation of our results for fermionic DM in Appendix~\ref{sec:vector_v2}.

\section{Polarised dark matter-nucleus scattering}
\label{sec:theory}
In this section we review the theory of polarised DM-nucleus scattering.~We are interested in computing nuclear recoil energy spectra and angular distributions resulting from the scattering of DM particles by a sample of spin-polarised nuclei, and which can in principle be measured at direct detection experiments.~To this end, let us introduce the polarisation vector of the target nuclei, $\vec{s} = 2\vec{S}_N$, where $\vec{S}_N=\vec{\sigma}_N/2$ is the nuclear spin operator, and $\vec{\sigma}_N$ is a tridimensional vector whose components are Pauli matrices acting on the nucleus spin space.~If DM couples to nuclei via parity violating interactions, the cross section for polarised DM-nucleus scattering can explicitly depend on $\vec{s}$~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}.~In this case, the vector $\vec{s}$ breaks the azimuthal symmetry of DM-nucleus scattering, and it is convenient to construct physical observables in terms of the triple differential rate of DM-nucleus scattering events per unit detector mass,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:triple_diff_event_rate}
\frac{{\rm d}R}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega} = \frac{\rho_\chi}{m_\chi m_N}\int {\rm d}^3v\, vf(\vec{v}) \frac{{\rm d}\sigma}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega}\,,
\end{equation}
where $\rho_\chi\simeq~0.4$~GeV~cm$^{-3}$~\cite{Sivertsson:2017rkp,Bozorgnia:2013pua,Catena:2011kv,Catena:2009mf}, $m_\chi$ is the DM particle mass, $f(\vec{v})$ and $\vec{v}$ the DM velocity distribution and incoming velocity in the detector rest frame, respectively, and ${\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}/{\rm d}\Omega$ the triple differential scattering cross section for polarised DM-nucleus scattering, which can be expressed as follows~\cite{Gondolo:2002np}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:diff_cross_section2}
\frac{{\rm d}\sigma}{{\rm d}E_R{\rm d}\Omega} = \frac{v}{2\pi}\frac{{\rm d}\sigma}{{\rm d}E_R}\delta\left(\vec{v}\cdot\hat{q} - \frac{q}{2\mu}\right).
\end{equation}
Here, $q$ is the momentum transferred along the nuclear recoil direction $\hat{q}$, ${\rm d}\Omega$ is an infinitesimal solid angle around $\hat{q}$, and the differential cross section for polarised DM-nucleus scattering is given by~\cite{DelNobile:2013sia,Catena:2014uqa,Catena:2015uua}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:diff_cross_section1}
\frac{{\rm d}\sigma}{{\rm d}E_R} = \frac{1}{32\pi}\frac{1}{m_\chi^2 m_N}\frac{1}{v^2}|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2,
\end{equation}
where $E_R = q^2/(2m_N)$ is the nuclear recoil energy, $m_N$ the target nucleus mass, and $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$ the squared modulus of the amplitude for DM-nucleus scattering, summed over the final DM and nucleus spin states, and averaged over the initial DM spin configurations.~Here, the initial nucleus polarisation state is assumed to be known (and the same for all nuclei in the detector).~For the velocity distribution in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate}), we assume a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution truncated at the galactic escape velocity $v_{\text{esc}}=544$~km~s$^{-1}$, and with most probable speed given by the circular speed of the local standard of rest, $v_0=220$~km~s$^{-1}$.~More specifically,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:velodis}
f(\vec{v}) &= \frac{1}{N}e^{-(\vec{v} + \vec{v}_{\text{e}})^2/v_0^2}\,; \qquad |\vec{v} + \vec{v}_{\text{e}}|\le v_{\rm esc}  \,,
\end{align}
where
\begin{equation}
N = \pi v_0^2\left[\sqrt{\pi}v_0\mathop{\mathrm{erf}}\left(\frac{v_{\text{esc}}}{v_0}\right) - 2v_{\text{esc}}e^{-v_{\text{esc}}^2/v_0^2}\right]\,,
\end{equation}
and $\vec{v}_{\text{e}}$ is the Earth velocity in the galactic rest frame.~An explicit expression for $\vec{v}_{\text{e}}$ as a function of time is given in~\cite{Lee:2013xxa}.~For simplicity, here we assume for $\vec{v}_{\text{e}}$ the constant magnitude 232~km~s$^{-1}$~\cite{Freese:2012xd}.~Taking into account the finite value of the escape velocity $v_{\text{esc}}$, the tridimensional velocity integral in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate}) must be divided into two parts, as explicitly shown below
\begin{align}
\int {\rm d}^3v &= \int_{v_{\text{min}}}^{v_\text{esc}-v_{\text{e}}} {\rm d}v\,v^2 \int_{-1}^{+1} {\rm d}\hspace{-0.04 cm}\cos\hspace{-0.04 cm}\theta \int_0^{2\pi} {\rm d} \phi \nonumber\\ &+ \int_{v_\text{esc}-v_{\text{e}}}^{v_\text{esc}+v_{\text{e}}} {\rm d}v\,v^2 \int_{-1}^{\frac{v_\text{esc}^2-v^2-v^2_{\text{e}}}{2v v_{\text{e}}}} {\rm d}\hspace{-0.04 cm}\cos\hspace{-0.04 cm}\theta \int_0^{2\pi} {\rm d} \phi \,,
\end{align}
where $v_{\rm min}=\sqrt{m_N E_{R}/(2 \mu^2)}$ is the minimum velocity a DM must have in the detector rest frame to deposit a nuclear recoil energy $E_R$ in the scattering, and $\mu$ is the DM-nucleus reduced mass.~Furthermore, the integral over ${\rm d} v$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate}) can be performed analytically by using the identity
\begin{equation}
\delta\left(\vec{v}\cdot\hat{q} - \frac{q}{2\mu}\right) = \frac{\delta(v-\bar{v})}{|\hat{v}\cdot\hat{q}|} \,,
\label{eq:deltas}
\end{equation}
where $\bar{v}=q/[2\mu (\hat{v}\cdot\hat{q})]$, and $\hat{v}$ is a unit vector in the direction of the incoming DM velocity, $\vec{v}=v\hat{v}$.~Using Eq.~(\ref{eq:deltas}), we find the following expression fo the triple differential rate defined in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate})
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}
\frac{{\rm d}R}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega} = \frac{\rho_\chi}{64\pi^2Nm_\chi^3m_N^2}\sum_{\ell=1}^2\int_{-1}^{\alpha_\ell}{\rm d}\hspace{-0.04 cm}\cos\hspace{-0.04 cm}\theta\int_0^{2\pi}{\rm d}\phi \frac{\bar{v}^2}{|\hat{v}\cdot\hat{q}|}
e^{-(\bar{v}^2 + v_{\text{e}}^2+2 \bar{v} v_e \cos\hspace{-0.04 cm}\theta )/v_0^2}
\,|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 \, \Theta_\ell\,,
\end{equation}
where $\alpha_1=+1$, $\alpha_2=(v_\text{esc}^2-\bar{v}^2-v^2_{\text{e}})/(2\bar{v} v_{\text{e}})$, $\Theta_1=\Theta(\bar{v}-v_{\rm min}) \Theta((v_{\rm esc}-v_{\rm e})-\bar{v})$ and $\Theta_2=\Theta(\bar{v}-(v_{\rm esc}-v_{\rm e}))\Theta((v_{\rm esc}+v_{\rm e})-\bar{v})$.~In order to evaluate Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}), we choose a reference frame with $z$-axis along the direction of $\vec{v}_{\rm e}$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig:frame}).~In this frame, the vectors $\hat{q}$, $\hat{v}$, $\hat{s}=\vec{s}/|\vec{s}\,|$ and $\hat{v}'=\vec{v}\,'/|\vec{v}\,'|$, where $\vec{v}\,'$ is the DM particle velocity after scattering, can be written as follows
\begin{align}
\hat{q} &= (\sin\alpha\cos\beta, \sin\alpha\sin\beta, \cos\alpha)\,,\nonumber\\
\hat{v} &= (\sin\theta\cos\phi, \sin\theta\sin\phi, \cos\theta)\,,\nonumber\\
\hat{s} &= (\sin\vartheta, 0, \cos\vartheta)\,,\nonumber\\
\hat{v}' &= \frac{v}{v'}\hat{v} + \frac{q}{m_\chi v'}\hat{q}\,.
\end{align}
and the infinitesimal solid angle ${\rm d}\Omega$ can consistently be expressed in terms of the angles $\alpha$ and $\beta$, i.e.~${\rm d}\Omega={\rm d}\hspace{-0.04 cm}\cos\hspace{-0.04 cm}\alpha\,{\rm d}\beta$.
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.49\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{./lx-text6415}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.49\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{./lx-text6416}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\caption{An illustration of the coordinate system that is used to evaluate the triple differential rate of DM nucleus scattering events, Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}).~The red arrow identifies the direction of the polarisation vector of the target nuclei, which without loss of generality is taken to be in $xz$-plane.~The purple arrow corresponds to the direction of nuclear recoil, and the blue arrow to the direction of the incoming DM particle.~By construction, the velocity of the Earth in the galactic rest frame is taken to be in the $z$-direction.}
\label{fig:frame}
\end{figure}

\section{Scattering amplitudes}
\label{sec:amplitudes}
In this section we calculate the squared modulus of the amplitude for polarised DM-nucleus scattering, $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$, in simplified models for fermionic and vector DM where the DM-nucleus interaction is mediated by the exchange of a heavy spin 1 particle.~Here, a bar denotes average over initial DM spin states, and sum over final DM and nucleus spin configurations.~Below, incoming and outgoing four-momenta for the DM particle (target nucleus) are denoted by $p$ and $p'$ ($k$ and $k'$), respectively.~Furthermore, we define as $\vec{q}=\vec{k}-\vec{k}\,'=\vec{p}\,'-\vec{p}$ the momentum transferred from the nucleus to the DM particle~\cite{Fitzpatrick:2012ix,Anand:2013yka}.~We also introduce the transverse relative velocity vector,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:vt}
2\vec{v}^{\bot} = \vec{v} + \vec{v}\,' + \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}(\vec{v}\,' - \vec{v})\,.
\end{align}
Finally, we assume nuclei to be point-like, with spin 1/2, and in a given initial spin state.~The calculation of $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$ will allow us to numerically evaluate the cross section in Eq.~(\ref{eq:diff_cross_section1}) and the rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}).

\subsection{Fermionic dark matter}
In the case of fermionic DM, we calculate $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$ assuming the following Lagrangian for DM-nucleus interactions
\begin{align}
\label{eq:spin12_lag_full}
\mathscr{L} & = i \bar{\chi}\slashed D\chi - m_{\chi}\bar{\chi}\chi - \frac{1}{4}\mathcal{G}_{\mu\nu}\mathcal{G}^{\mu\nu} + \frac{1}{2}m_G^2G_\mu G^\mu \nonumber\\
&+ i\bar{N}\slashed DN - m_{N}\bar{N}N \nonumber\\
&- \lambda_3\bar{\chi}\gamma^\mu\chi G_\mu - \lambda_4\bar{\chi}\gamma^\mu\gamma_5\chi G_\mu \nonumber\\
&- h_3\bar{N}\gamma^\mu NG_\mu - h_4\bar{N}\gamma^\mu\gamma_5 NG_\mu  \,,
\end{align}
where $\chi$ and $N$ are the DM particle and target nucleus spinor fields, respectively, $G_\mu$ is a vector field describing the particle that mediates the interactions between DM and nuclei, $\mathcal{G}_{\mu\nu}$ is the associated field strength tensor, $\gamma^\mu$, $\mu=0,1,2,3$, and $\gamma_5$ are the five gamma matrices, and $\lambda_3$, $\lambda_4$, $h_3$ and $h_4$ are real coupling constants.~In Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_lag_full}), $\slashed D$ represents a gauge covariant derivative, and a bar corresponds to hermitian conjugation times $\gamma^0$.~Finally, nucleus mass, DM particle mass, and mediator mass are denoted by $m_N$, $m_\chi$ and $m_G$, respectively. From Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_lag_full}) and using standard Feynman rules, we obtain the following amplitude for DM-nucleus scattering
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:spin12_matrixelement}
i\mathcal{M} = -\frac{i}{m_{G}^2}\bar{u}_\chi(p',s')\gamma^\mu(\lambda_3 + \lambda_4\gamma_5)u_\chi(p,s)\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu(h_3 + h_4\gamma_5)u_N(k,r)\,,
\end{equation}
where the four component spinors $u_\chi$ and $\bar{u}_\chi$ ($u_N$ and $\bar{u}_N$) are free spinor solutions to the Dirac equation for $\chi$ ($N$).~In the above expression, we assumed that the mediator particle is heavy, which implies $q^2\ll m_G^2$.~Here, we are interested in processes where a DM particle scatters off an initially polarised nucleus.~We therefore assume that the initial nuclear spin index $r$ is fixed, while $s, s', r' \in \{1,2\}$.~The spinor bilinears in Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_matrixelement}) admit the following non-relativistic expansion~\cite{DelNobile:2013sia}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bilinar_list}
\bar{u}_\chi(p',s')\gamma^\mu u_\chi(p,s) &= \lvector{2m_\chi\delta^{s's}}{\vec{P}\delta^{s's} - 2i\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}},\nonumber \\
\bar{u}_\chi(p',s')\gamma^\mu\gamma_5 u_\chi(p,s) &= \lvector{2\vec{P}\cdot\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}}{4m_\chi\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}}, \nonumber\\
\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu u_N(k,r) &= \lvector{2m_N\delta^{r'r}}{-\vec{K}\delta^{r'r} - 2i\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}}, \nonumber\\
\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu\gamma_5 u_N(k,r) &= \lvector{2\vec{K}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}}{-4m_N\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}} \,,
\end{align}
where $\vec{P} \equiv \vec{p} + \vec{p}\,'$,  $\vec{K} \equiv \vec{k} + \vec{k}\,'$, $\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}=\xi^{r' \dagger}(\vec{\sigma}_N/2)\xi^r$, $\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}=\xi^{s' \dagger}(\vec{\sigma}_\chi/2)\xi^s$, and $\vec{\sigma}_N$ and $\vec{\sigma}_\chi$ are tridimensional vectors whose components are Pauli matrices acting on the nucleus and DM particle spin space, respectively.~Here, $\xi^r$ and $\xi^s$ are two component spinors; the former arises from $u_N$ the latter from $u_\chi$.~From here onwards, we will denote by $\vec{s}$ the matrix element $\xi^{r \dagger }\,\vec{\sigma}_{N}\,\xi^r$ of the nuclear polarisation operator (therefore omitting the fixed polarisation index $r$ in the definition of $\vec{s}$).~Replacing Eq.~(\ref{eq:bilinar_list}) into Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_matrixelement}), we find the following expression for $i\mathcal{M}$
\begin{align}
\label{eq:spin12_result_original}
i\mathcal{M} &= -\frac{i}{m_{G}^2}\bigg\{\lambda_3h_3\bigg[4m_Nm_\chi\delta^{s's}\delta^{r'r}\bigg] \nonumber \\
&+ \lambda_3h_4\bigg[-8m_Nm_\chi\delta^{s's}\vec{v}^{\bot}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}  + 8im_N\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}\cdot(\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\times\vec{q})\bigg] \nonumber \\
&+ \lambda_4h_3\bigg[8m_Nm_\chi\delta^{r'r}\vec{v}^{\bot}\cdot\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's} + 8im_\chi\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}\cdot(\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\times\vec{q})\bigg] \nonumber \\
&+ \lambda_4h_4\bigg[-16m_Nm_\chi\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\bigg]\bigg\} \,,
\end{align}
where we only considered terms at most linear in $\vec{q}$ and $\vec{v}^{\bot}$.~Now we calculate $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$, the squared modulus of $i\mathcal{M}$ averaged over initial DM spins, and summed over final DM and nuclear spin states,
\begin{equation}
 |\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 \equiv \frac{1}{2}\sum_{ss'}\sum_{r'}|\mathcal{M}|^2 \,.
\end{equation}
From Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_result_original}), we find
\begin{align}
\label{eq:result1}
|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 & =\frac{16m_\chi^2m_N^2}{m_G^4}\Bigg\{\lambda_3^2h_3^2 + 3\lambda_4^2h_4^2 \nonumber \\
&- \left[\lambda_3^2h_3h_4\left(1 - \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + \lambda_4^2h_3h_4\left(1 + \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + 2\lambda_3\lambda_4h_4^2\right]\vec{v}\cdot\vec{s}  \nonumber\\
&- \left[\lambda_3^2h_3h_4\left(1 + \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + \lambda_4^2h_3h_4\left(1 - \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) - 2\lambda_3\lambda_4h_4^2\right]\vec{v}\,'\cdot\vec{s}\Bigg\} \,,
\end{align}
where we eliminated $\vec{q}$ in favour of $\vec{v}\,'$ by using Eq.~(\ref{eq:vt}), considered terms in the non-relativistic expansion of $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$ which are at most linear in $\vec{v}$ and $\vec{v}\,'$, and applied the following spin summation rules
\begin{align}
\sum_{r'}\vec{S}_{N}^{\,rr'}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r} &= \frac{3}{4} \,, \nonumber\\
\sum_{r'}\vec{S}_{N}^{\,rr'}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r} &= \frac{i}{2}\vec{s} \,, \nonumber \\
\sum_{ss'}(\vec{a}\cdot\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,ss'})(\vec{b}\cdot\vec{S}_{\chi}^{\,s's}) &= \frac{1}{2}\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b} \,,
\end{align}
where $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are arbitrary tridimensional vectors.~Eq.~(\ref{eq:result1}) can be rewritten in a more compact form
\begin{align}
\label{eq:result1_again_again}
|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 = \frac{16m_\chi^2m_N^2}{m_G^4}&\bigg\{A - B\vec{v}\cdot\vec{s} - C\vec{v}\,'\cdot\vec{s}\bigg\} \,,
\end{align}
if we define
\begin{align}
A &\equiv \lambda_3^2h_3^2 + 3\lambda_4^2h_4^2\,,  \nonumber\\
B &\equiv \lambda_3^2h_3h_4\left(1 - \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + \lambda_4^2h_3h_4\left(1 + \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + 2\lambda_3\lambda_4h_4^2\,, \nonumber\\
C &\equiv \lambda_3^2h_3h_4\left(1 + \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) + \lambda_4^2h_3h_4\left(1 - \frac{m_\chi}{m_N}\right) - 2\lambda_3\lambda_4h_4^2\,.
\end{align}
By replacing Eq.~(\ref{eq:result1}) into Eqs.~(\ref{eq:diff_cross_section1}) and (\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}), we are now able to numerically evaluate differential cross section and event rate for polarised DM-nucleus scattering in the case of spin 1/2 DM.

\subsection{Vector dark matter}
In the case of vector DM, we calculate $|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2$ assuming the following Lagrangian for DM-nucleus interactions
\begin{align}
\label{eq:spin1_lag_full}
\mathscr{L} &=-\frac{1}{2}\mathcal{X}^\dagger_{\mu\nu}\mathcal{X}^{\mu\nu} + m_{X}^2X^\dagger_\mu X^\mu - \frac{\lambda_X}{2}\left(X^\dagger_\mu X^\mu\right)^2 \nonumber \\
&- \frac{1}{4}\mathcal{G}_{\mu\nu}\mathcal{G}^{\mu\nu} + \frac{1}{2}m_G^2G_\mu^2 - \frac{\lambda_G}{2}\Big(G_\mu G^\mu\Big)^2 \nonumber\\
&+ i\bar{N}\slashed DN - m_{N}\bar{N}N \nonumber\\
&-\frac{b_3}{2}G_\mu^2\left(X^\dagger_\nu X^\nu\right) - \frac{b_4}{2}\Big(G^\mu G^\nu\Big)\left(X^\dagger_\mu X_\nu\right) \nonumber\\
&- ib_5\left(X_\nu^\dagger\partial_\mu X^\nu - (\partial_\mu X^{\dagger\nu})X_\nu \right)G^\mu\nonumber\\
&- b_6 X^\dagger_\mu(\partial^\mu X_\nu) G^\nu - b_6^* (\partial^\mu X^\dagger_\nu)X_\mu G^\nu \nonumber\\
&- b_7\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left(X^{\dagger\mu}\partial^\nu X^\rho\right)G^\sigma - b_7^*\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left((\partial^\nu X^{\dagger\rho})X^{\mu}\right)G^\sigma \nonumber\\
&- h_3G_\mu \bar{N}\gamma^\mu N - h_4G_\mu\bar{N}\gamma^\mu\gamma_5N \,,
\end{align}
where $X_\mu$ is the DM vector field, $\mathcal{X}_{\mu\nu}$ and $m_X$ the associated field strength tensor and mass, respectively, and the other fields have the same meaning as in Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_lag_full}).~In Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin1_lag_full}), $b_6$ and $b_7$ are complex coupling constants, whereas without loss of generality, $b_3$, $b_4$ and $b_5$ can be taken as real.~It is convenient to rewrite $\mathscr{L}_{\rm int}$, the part involving $b_6$ and $b_7$ in the above Lagrangian, as follows
\begin{align}
\label{eq:spin1_lagrangian_expanded}
\mathscr{L}_{\rm int} & = - \Re(b_6)\partial_\nu\left( X^{\dagger\nu}X_\mu + X^\dagger_\mu X^\nu\right) G^\mu - i\Im(b_6)\partial_\nu\left( X^{\dagger\nu}X_\mu - X^\dagger_\mu X^\nu\right) G^\mu \nonumber\\
&- \Re(b_7)\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left(X^{\dagger\mu}\partial^\nu X^\rho + X^{\mu}\partial^\nu X^{\dagger\rho}\right)G^\sigma\nonumber\\
&- i\Im(b_7)\epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left(X^{\dagger\mu}\partial^\nu X^\rho - X^{\mu}\partial^\nu X^{\dagger\rho}\right)G^\sigma \,.\end{align}
From Eqs.~(\ref{eq:spin1_lag_full}) and (\ref{eq:spin1_lagrangian_expanded}) and the Feynman rules in Appendix~\ref{sec:rules}, we find the DM-nucleus scattering amplitude
\begin{align}
\label{eq:amplitude_spin1}
i\mathcal{M}&=-\frac{i b_5}{m_G^2} \left(p^{\prime\mu}+ p^\mu\right)\,\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu (h_3+h_4\gamma_5)u_N(k,r) \nonumber\\
&+\frac{\Re(b_6)}{m_G^2}\left(p_\nu' - p_\nu\right)\left(\epsilon^{s'\nu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\mu}(p)+\epsilon^{s'\mu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\nu}(p)\right) \,\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu (h_3+h_4\gamma_5)u_N(k,r) \nonumber\\
&+\frac{i\Im(b_6)}{m_G^2}\left(p_\nu' - p_\nu\right)\left(\epsilon^{s'\nu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\mu}(p)-\epsilon^{s'\mu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\nu}(p)\right)\,\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma_\mu(h_3+h_4\gamma_5) u_N(k,r) \nonumber\\
&-\frac{\Re(b_7)}{m_G^2}\varepsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left(p^{\prime\nu}+ p^\nu\right)\epsilon^{s'\mu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\rho}(p) \,\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma^{\sigma} (h_3+h_4\gamma_5)u_N(k,r) \nonumber\\
&+\frac{i\Im(b_7)}{m_G^2}\varepsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\left(p^{\prime\nu}- p^\nu\right)\epsilon^{s'\mu*}(p\,')\epsilon^{s\rho}(p) \,\bar{u}_N(k',r')\gamma^\sigma (h_3+h_4\gamma_5)u_N(k,r) \,,
\end{align}
where $\epsilon^{s\mu}(p)$ and $\epsilon^{s'\nu*}(p\,')$ are polarisation vectors for the incoming and outgoing DM particle, respectively.~In a reference frame where the $z$-axis is in the direction of the DM particle momentum, they read
\begin{align}
\label{eq:def_pol_states}
\epsilon^{s\mu}_X(p) = \begin{pmatrix}\dfrac{|\vec{p}\,|}{m_X}\delta^{3s}\\[5mm]
\dfrac{p_0}{m_\chi}\vec{e}_{s}\end{pmatrix}\,; \qquad\epsilon_X^{s'\mu*}(p') = \begin{pmatrix}\dfrac{|\vec{p}\,'|}{m_X}\delta^{3s'}\\[5mm]
\dfrac{p'_0}{m_\chi}\vec{e}\,'_{s'}\end{pmatrix}\,,
\end{align}
where $\vec{e}_3=\vec{p}/|\vec{p}|$ and $\vec{e}\,'_{3'}=\vec{p}\,'/|\vec{p}\,'|$.~In the non-relativistic limit, the scattering amplitude in Eq.~(\ref{eq:amplitude_spin1}) is given by
\begin{align}
\label{eq:amplitude_spin1_nonrel}
i\mathcal{M}&= -\frac{4ib_5h_3m_X m_N}{m_G^2}\delta^{r'r}\delta^{s's} + \frac{8ib_5h_4m_N m_X}{m_G^2}\vec{v}^{\bot}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\delta^{s's}\nonumber\\
&-\frac{4\Re(b_6)h_3}{m_G^2}\bigg\{m_N\vec{q}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot\vec{v}^{\bot}\delta^{r'r} - i\left[\vec{q}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot(\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r})\right]\bigg\} \nonumber\\
&+\frac{8\Re(b_6)h_4m_N}{m_G^2}\left(\vec{q}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\right) \nonumber \\
&-\frac{i\Im(b_6)h_3}{m_G^2}\bigg\{\frac{2m_N}{m_X}\left(\vec{q}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot\vec{q}\right)\delta^{r'r} +2im_N\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\cdot(\vec{q}\times\vec{v}^{\bot})\delta^{r'r}\nonumber\\
&-2q^2(\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}) + 2(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's})(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r})\bigg\} \nonumber\\
&-\frac{4\Im(b_6)h_4m_N}{m_G^2}(\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r})\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's} \nonumber\\
 &+\frac{4i\Re(b_7)h_3m_X}{m_G^2}\bigg\{m_N\vec{v}^{\bot}\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\delta^{r'r} - i\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\cdot(\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r})\bigg\} \nonumber\\
 &-\frac{8i\Re(b_7)h_4m_Nm_X}{m_G^2}\Big(\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\Big) \nonumber\\
 &+\frac{2\Im(b_7)h_3m_N}{m_G^2}\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\cdot\vec{q}\,\delta^{r'r} \nonumber\\
 &+\frac{i\Im(b_7)h_4}{m_G^2}\bigg\{4im_N\left(\vec{q}\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}\right)\left(\vec{v}^{\bot}\cdot\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r}\right) + 4\frac{m_N}{m_X}\vec{q}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot(\vec{q}\times\vec{S}_{N}^{\,r'r})\bigg\} \,,
\end{align}
where we only considered terms at most quadratic in $\vec{q}$ and linear in $\vec{v}^{\bot}$, and, in analogy with Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin12_result_original}), introduced the notation
\begin{align}
\label{eq:spin1S}
\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's} &= -i\vec{e}\,'_{s'}\times\vec{e}_s\,,\nonumber\\
\mathcal{S}^{s's}_{ij} &= \frac{1}{2}\left(e_{si}e'_{s'j} + e_{sj}e'_{s'i}\right)\,.
\end{align}
In Eq.~(\ref{eq:spin1S}), $\mathcal{S}^{s's}_{ij}$ and $\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}$ are a symmetric and antisymmetric combination of polarisation vectors, respectively.~In particular, $\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}$ is a matrix element of the spin operator for spin 1 DM.~Finally, we calculate
\begin{equation}
 |\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 \equiv \frac{1}{3}\sum_{ss'}\sum_{r'}|\mathcal{M}|^2 \,,
\end{equation}
where we average over the three possible spin states of the incoming DM particle.~We find the following result
\begin{align}
\label{eq:result2}
|\overline{\mathcal{M}}|^2 = \frac{16m_N^2m_X^2}{m_G^4}&\bigg\{I - J\vec{v}\cdot\vec{s} - K\vec{v}\,'\cdot\vec{s}\bigg\}\,,
\end{align}
where we only considered terms at most linear in $\vec{v}$ and $\vec{v}\,'$, and introduced the following coefficients
\begin{align}
I &\equiv b_5^2h_3^2 + 2\Re(b_7)^2h_4^2\,,\nonumber\\
J &\equiv \left(b_5^2h_3h_4 + \frac{2}{3}\Re(b_7)^2h_3h_4\right)\left(1 - \frac{m_X}{m_N}\right) - \frac{4}{3}\Re(b_7)h_4\left(\Im(b_6)h_4 - \frac{m_X}{m_N}\Re(b_7)h_3\right) \,,\nonumber\\
K &\equiv \left(b_5^2h_3h_4 + \frac{2}{3}\Re(b_7)^2h_3h_4\right)\left(1 + \frac{m_X}{m_N}\right)+ \frac{4}{3}\Re(b_7)h_4\left(\Im(b_6)h_4 - \frac{m_X}{m_N}\Re(b_7)h_3\right) \,, \nonumber\\
\end{align}
in analogy with the case of fermionic DM.~Deriving Eq.~(\ref{eq:result2}), we used the following spin summation rules, e.g.
\begin{align}
\label{xspin1_rule}
\sum_{ss'}(\vec{a}\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,ss'})(\vec{b}\cdot\vec{S}_{X}^{\,s's}) &= 2(\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b})\,, \nonumber \\
\sum_{ss'}\vec{a}\cdot\mathcal{S}^{s's}\cdot \vec{b} \,\delta^{s's}&= (\vec{a}\cdot \vec{b}) \,,
\end{align}
where $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are arbitrary tridimensional vectors.~Using Eq.~(\ref{eq:result2}), we can now numerically evaluate differential cross section and event rate for polarised DM-nucleus scattering in the case of spin 1 DM.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{s_fig_b_a3.png}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.45 cm}
\begin{center}
\hspace{0.12 cm}\includegraphics[scale=0.264]{nfig_e_a.png}
\caption{\textbf{Top panels}.~Purely polarisation dependent part of the differential rate of scattering events plotted against the polar recoil angle $\alpha$ and the azimuthal angle $\beta$ for spin $1/2$ (left panel) and spin $1$ (right panel) DM.~The recoil energy $E_{\text{R}}$ is set to $20$~keV and the polarisation angle is fixed to $\vartheta = \pi/2$.~A nuclear recoil at $\cos\alpha = 0$, $\beta = 0$, would be in the direction of $\vec{s}$.~Model parameters have been set according to Eq.~(\ref{eq:coeffs_choice}).~\textbf{Bottom panels}.~Purely polarisation dependent part of the differential rate of scattering in the $E_R$, $\cos\alpha$ plane for spin $1/2$ (left panel) and spin $1$ (right panel) DM.~Here $\beta=0$ and $\vartheta=\pi/2$.}
\label{fig:1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.41]{s_fig_e_b3.png}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.1 cm}
\begin{center}
\hspace{0.12 cm}\includegraphics[scale=0.264]{nfig_e_t.png}
\caption{\textbf{Top panels}.~Purely polarisation dependent part of the differential rate of scattering events in the $E_R$, $\beta$ plane for spin $1/2$ (left panel) and spin $1$ (right panel) DM.~The polar angle is set to $\alpha=3\pi/4$ and the polarisation angle is fixed to $\vartheta = \pi/2$.~Model parameters have been set according to Eq.~(\ref{eq:coeffs_choice}).~\textbf{Bottom panels}.~Purely polarisation dependent part of the differential rate of scattering events in the $E_R$, $\cos\vartheta$ plane for spin $1/2$ (left panel) and spin $1$ (right panel) DM.~Here, we assumed $\alpha=3\pi/4$ and $\beta=0$.}
\label{fig:2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Recoil energy spectra and angular distributions}
\label{sec:results}
The results of Sec.~\ref{sec:amplitudes} allow us to calculate nuclear recoil energy spectra and angular distributions resulting from the scattering of DM particles by polarised nuclei in direct detection experiments.~Nuclear recoil energy spectra are proportional to the integral of the triple differential rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}) over all nuclear recoil directions within the solid angle $\alpha \in [0,\pi]$ and $\beta\in[0,2\pi]$.~Angular distributions are proportional to the energy integral of the triple differential rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}).~In order to highlight the impact of polarisation dependent effects on physical observables, and compare results for fermionic and vector DM, it is convenient to study the function
\begin{align}
\label{eq:DeltaR}
\frac{{\rm d}\Delta R}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega} \equiv \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{{\rm d}R(\vec{s}\,)}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega} - \frac{{\rm d}R(-\vec{s}\,)}{{\rm d}E_{\text{R}}{\rm d}\Omega}\right)\,,
\end{align}
instead of the triple differential rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}).~Indeed, only $\vec{s}$ dependent terms survive in the difference of Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}), where we wrote ${\rm d}R$ as a function of $\vec{s}$ only, and omitted the dependence of ${\rm d}R$ on other variables.~The function in Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) is the purely polarisation dependent differential scattering rate.~To numerically evaluate the latter for fermionic and vector DM, we must first set coupling constants and particle masses to benchmark values.~For the particle masses we choose $m_\chi=m_X=m_G=m_N=100$~GeV, since among the masses that can currently be probed at direct detection experiments.~Here we focus on the hypothetical case of a polarised detector employing heavy target nuclei.~For the coupling constants, we focus on a scenario where the unpolarised part of the scattering rate is the same for fermionic and vector DM.~This implies
\begin{align}
\label{eq:pcon}
\lambda_3^2h_3^2 + 3\lambda_4^2h_4^2 = b_5^2h_3^2 + 2\Re(b_7)^2h_4^2\,.
\end{align}
Furthermore, we assume maximal parity violation, in order to maximise the polarisation dependent contribution to the triple differential rate.~A possible choice of coupling constants compatible with these requirements is
\begin{align}
\label{eq:coeffs_choice}
&h_3 = \frac{1}{2}, &h_4 = -\frac{1}{2},& \quad \qquad \qquad \qquad \Im(b_6) = \frac{1}{2}, \nonumber \\
&\lambda_3 = \frac{1}{2}, &\lambda_4 = -\frac{1}{2},& \quad\qquad \qquad \qquad \Re(b_7) = -\frac{1}{2}, \nonumber \\
&b_5 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, &\Re(b_6)=0,& \quad\qquad \qquad \qquad \Im(b_7) = 0\,.
\end{align}
Notice that with this choice of coupling constants, the gamma matrices in the nuclear currents combine into left-handed projectors
\begin{equation}
h_3 + h_4\gamma_5 =\frac{1-\gamma_5}{2}\,; \qquad \lambda_3 + \lambda_4\gamma_5 = \frac{1-\gamma_5}{2}\,.
\end{equation}
As an aside comment, we also mention that the $\Im(b_6)$ parameter only enters the purely polarisation dependent part of the scattering rate.~Consequently, one might in principle use measurements of polarisation dependent effects at direct detection experiments to constrain this parameter effectively.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.39]{nfig_e_rt.png}
\caption{Triple differential event rate, Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}), and its purely polarisation dependent part, Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}), integrated over all nuclear recoil angles, $\alpha$ and $\beta$, as a function of the nuclear recoil energy.~The left panel refers to fermionic DM, whereas the right panel corresponds to vector DM.~Each panel shows a blue line associated with the total rate, and a red line corresponding to its polarisation dependent part.}
\label{fig:3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Let us now describe the results illustrated in Figs.~(\ref{fig:1}) and (\ref{fig:2}).~In these figures, left panels refer to spin 1/2 DM, whereas right panels correspond to spin 1 DM.~Fig.~\ref{fig:1}, top panels, shows the purely polarisation dependent part of the scattering rate in the $\cos\alpha$, $\beta$ plane for a fixed recoil energy of 20 keV.~The polarisation angle is chosen to be $\vartheta = \pi/2$, which implies that a recoil at $\cos\alpha = 0$, $\beta = 0$, would be in the direction of the polarisation vector $\vec{s}$.~The azimuthal angle dependence in these plots is especially interesting, as it would not arise without parity violation, and, therefore, without a preferred direction in the problem, i.e.~$\vec{s}$, which breaks azimuthal symmetry.~In Fig.~\ref{fig:1} (top panels), we find a local maximum in the $\beta = 0$ direction at $\alpha=\alpha^*>\pi/2$ (evident in the case of spin 1 DM).~The exact value of $\alpha^*$ varies with recoil energy, as can be seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}, bottom panels, which shows Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) at $\beta=0$ in the $E_R$, $\cos\alpha$ plane.~Not only the value of the azimuthal angle $\alpha$ at which Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) is maximum depends on energy.~Fig.~\ref{fig:2}, top panels, shows the purely polarisation dependent part of the differential rate of scattering events at $\alpha=3\pi/4$ in the $E_R$, $\beta$ plane.~As one can see from this figure, the value of the azimuthal angle $\beta$ at which Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) is maximum also depends on nuclear recoil energy.~It is maximum in a direction opposite to $\vec{s}$ for low energies, while for high energies it is in the same direction as the polarisation vector.~This leads to a certain critical energy where the $\beta$-dependence of the differential event rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) vanishes (around 10 keV for spin $1/2$ DM and 4 keV for spin $1$ DM). This critical energy depends on our choice of $\alpha$ ($\alpha = 3\pi/4$ in this case), and also on the choice of polarisation angle (here $\vartheta = \pi/2$).~The bottom panels in Fig.~\ref{fig:2} show the rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) at $\alpha = 3\pi/4$ and $\beta=0$ in the $E_R$, $\cos\vartheta$ plane.~For this choice of angles, and within the energy range considered here, the rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}) is maximum when the spin of the target nuclei points in a direction opposite to the Earth's motion in the galactic rest frame.~It is minimum, when $\vec{v}_{\rm e}$ and $\vec{s}$ are aligned.

Fig.~\ref{fig:3} shows the triple differential event rate in Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}), and its purely polarisation dependent part, Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR}), integrated over all nuclear recoil angles, $\alpha$ and $\beta$.~In the figure, rates are unit normalised, and $R_j$ ($\Delta R_j$), $j=1/2,1$, denotes Eq.~(\ref{eq:triple_diff_event_rate_spherical3}) (Eq.~(\ref{eq:DeltaR})) integrated over all energies and directions, with $j=1/2$ for spin 1/2 DM, and $j=1$ for spin 1 DM.~In Fig.~\ref{fig:3}, the left panel refers to fermionic DM, whereas the right panel corresponds to vector DM.~Each panel shows a blue line associated with the total rate, and a red line corresponding to its polarisation dependent part.~By construction, the two lines are independent of the recoil direction.~This figure illustrates an important result:~even without directional information (but assuming a large exposure), it could be possible to observe polarisation dependent effects in the DM-nucleus scattering.~Polarisation dependent effects are responsible for the differences observed in Fig.~\ref{fig:3} (left and right panels) between red and blue lines.~Such differences could be exploited to statistically discriminate between different DM particle spins.~For spin 1/2 DM, the purely polarisation dependent part of the scattering rate has a maximum in the small nuclear recoil energy limit, while it peaks at around 20 keV for spin $1$ DM.~Notice that, consistently with our choice of coupling constants, see Eq.~(\ref{eq:coeffs_choice}), the blue lines in the left and right panels of Fig.~\ref{fig:3} coincide.~On the other hand, the red lines in the two panels of Fig.~\ref{fig:3} are different, and their exact shape depends on our choice of parameters.~Consequently, if the polarisation dependent part of the DM-nucleus scattering rate were experimentally measurable, it would provide us with further information on the underlying Lagrangian for DM-nucleus interactions.

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
We studied the scattering of DM particles by spin-polarised target nuclei within a general set of simplified models for fermionic and vector DM, assuming that the scattering is mediated by a vector or pseudo-vector particle.~This study was motivated by the possibility of using polarised targets to gain novel insights into the nature of DM which would otherwise be difficult to extract from the result of operating direct detection experiments.~We presented our results in terms of nuclear recoil energy spectra and angular distributions, and provided explicit expressions for the underlying scattering amplitudes and cross-sections, separately focusing on spin 1/2 and spin 1 DM.~In the case of spin 1/2 DM, we refined previous results in the literature by correcting two sign errors in the corresponding cross section for polarised DM-nucleus scattering.~The new expression presented here is validated through a second calculation based on a different method, and by showing that the two results coincide.~In the case of spin 1 DM, we calculated the cross section for polarised DM-nucleus scattering for the first time.

We found that a signal at polarised direct detection experiments could in principle be used to discriminate fermionic from vector DM.~While this result is potentially very important, either a large exposure, or both directional sensitivity and the use of polarised targets is required in order to measure polarisation dependent effects in the rate of DM-nucleus scattering.~Roughly, since $\Delta R_j/R_j \sim 10^{-3}$, about $3\times10^6$ events would be necessary for a $3\sigma$ detection of a polarisation dependent signal at polarised direct detection experiments without directional sensitivity.~This number of events is comparable with the total number of nuclear recoils observed in DAMA~\cite{Chiang:2012ze}.~On the other hand, the required number of signal events is expected to decrease significantly when directional information is available.~A quantitative answer to these questions would require Monte Carlo simulations, and goes beyond the scope of this article.~However, the equations derived in this work set the ground for a critical assessment of the prospects for DM (spin) identification at next generation polarised DM direct detection experiments.

\acknowledgments It is a great pleasure to thank Anton B\"ackstr\"om, Anastasia Danopoulou, Fredrik Hellstr\"om and Martin B.~Krauss for useful and interesting discussions on dark matter direct detection.~This work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (PI:~Jan Conrad) and is partly performed within the Swedish Consortium for Dark Matter Direct Detection (SweDCube).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Philippe de Mazerolles was een Franse miniaturist die zijn carrière startte in Parijs en later, waarschijnlijk omwille van economische situatie in Frankrijk naar Vlaanderen migreerde en zich in Brugge vestigde. Hij was de hofschilder van Karel de Stoute en werkte eveneens voor het Engelse hof. Zijn carrière is vrij goed gedocumenteerd via archiefstukken maar over zijn werk zijn de kunsthistorici het veel minder eens.

Leven en werk
Philippe de Mazerolles was van Franse afkomst. Niet alleen is zijn naam Frans, maar in 1454 werkte een Philippe de Mazerolles voor Karel VII in Parijs want, zoals blijkt uit rekeningen, werd hij betaald voor van een tableau d'or, waarschijnlijk een retabel. Philippe vestigt zich omstreeks 1460 in Brugge en op 1 april 1467 volgt hij Jean Dreux op als verluchter en valet de chambre (kamerheer) bij Karel de Stoute, de hertog van Bourgondië. Van 1469 tot 1479 is hij lid van de Sint-Jans en Sint-Lucas broederschap te Brugge (vereniging zonder gildestatuut van kalligrafen, boekbinders, miniaturisten en boekhandelaars of librariërs). Hij zou overleden zijn in 1479. Zijn erfenis en die van zijn vrouw die in hetzelfde jaar overleed, werden verbeurd verklaard omdat hij onderdaan was van de koning van Frankrijk.

Zwarte Getijdenboek
Een eerste opdracht voor de hertog die in de archieven gedocumenteerd is, bestond uit het afwerken van een zwart getijdenboek. Volgens Antoine de Schrijver zou het gaan over een onafgewerkt en niet gebonden getijdenboek dat door het Brugse Vrije aan de hertog geschonken werd op 24 februari 1466. Philippe de Mazerolles kreeg daarna van de hertog de opdracht om het handschrift af te werken, weliswaar op kosten van de schenkers. Het getijdenboek zou dan later in het bezit zijn gekomen van de hertog van Milaan, Galeazzo Maria Sforza die zijn wapen liet aanbrengen op een ongebruikt vel (zwart) perkament vooraan in het handschrift. Het wordt nu bewaard in  de Österreichische Nationalbibliothek als ÖNB ms. 1856. De toeschrijving van dit werk aan Mazerolles wordt door andere kunsthistorici tegengesproken, ze zijn zelfs van mening dat het handschrift waarvan sprake is in de archieven niet het zwarte getijdenboek van Galeazzo Maria Sforza is. Volgens hen zou een bifolium dat bewaard wordt in het Louvre (Ml. 1091v.) en één enkel blad bewaard bij de Bnf (ms. nal 149) afkomstig zijn uit het getijdenboek van Karel de Stoute dat werd afgewerkt door Mazerolles. Die drie bladen zouden trouwens het enige zijn van het boek dat bewaard werd, de rest van het handschrift ging verloren omdat het ijzersulfaat dat gebruikt was voor de zwartkleuring op het perkament invrat. Voor de toeschrijving van deze blaadjes aan Mazerolles steunt men op stilistische gronden. Het bifolium van het Louvre zou wel degelijk in Parijse stijl zijn, het Galeazzo handschrift daarentegen zou van de hand van de Meester van Antoon van Bourgondië zijn, bij wie totaal geen Franse invloeden aan te wijzen zijn. Voordien werd deze anonieme meester vaak geassocieerd met Philippe de Mazerolles, maar in recent onderzoek is men hier van afgestapt.

Militaire ordonnanties
Een tweede werk waarvan we weten dat Philippe de Mazerolles ervoor betaald werd in 1475, was de opdracht die hij kreeg van Karel de Stoute in 1473 voor het maken van eenentwintig  handschriften contenant les ordonnances sur le fait et conduicte des gens de guerre dus instructies voor zijn legeraanvoerders over hoe zij hun troepen moesten organiseren en leiden. Van deze ordonnanties leverde Mazerolles twintig nagenoeg identieke exemplaren bestemd voor de kapiteins van de hertog en een voor Karel de Stoute zelf. Dat laatste was versierd met een volblad miniatuur die de plechtigheid van de overhandiging van de ordonnanties afbeeldt. De versierde rand van de miniatuur toont de wapenschilden van alle gebieden die in het bezit van Karel de Stoute waren. In de andere exemplaren vindt men dezelfde randversiering terug maar rond een tekstblok met een grote gehistorieerde initiaal. Ook voor de miniatuur in het Londense exemplaar zijn er verschillende toewijzingen. Otto Pächt wees ze eerst toe aan de Meester van Margaretha van York en later aan de Meester van Antoon van Bourgondië. De Schrijver herkent dan weer Philippe de Mazerolles in het centrale gedeelte van de miniatuur en assistenten van zijn atelier in de gehistorieerde initialen van de andere handschriften, terwijl de versierde rand van een andere hand zou zijn maar in alle exemplaren uitgevoerd door dezelfde miniaturist. Schandel herkent in deze randversiering de hand van Philippe de Mazerolles die in alle handschriften dezelfde was en kon doorgaan voor een soort geheim zegel van de hertog. Hij beklemtoont dat de randversiering die men vandaag als minder belangrijk en ondergeschikt aan de miniaturen beschouwd dat waarschijnlijk niet waren voor de opdrachtgevers in de vijftiende eeuw.

Ander werk
Naast het werk voor de hertog, dat wel door de archieven gestaafd wordt maar dat moeilijk toewijsbaar is en waarvan  de toewijzing nog steeds ter discussie staat, werkte Philippe de Mazerolles ook voor Edward IV de broer van Margaretha van York en voor Lodewijk van Gruuthuse.

Stijlkenmerken

De stijlkenmerken toegewezen aan Philippe de Mazerolles zijn uiteraard even wisselvallig als de toeschrijving van bewaarde werken aan hem. Diegenen die hem associëren met de Meester van Antoon van Bourgondië zien in zijn werk invloeden van Rogier van der Weyden, Hugo van der Goes en toepassing van realisme en illusionisme. Hij zou dan ook zeer bedreven zijn in de weergave van lichteffecten enzovoort. Schandel die hem in zijn recente studie (2011) associeert met de Meester van de Harley Froissart ziet in hem vooral een Parijs kunstenaar die vasthoudt aan de Franse stijl, wars van elk realisme, illusionisme en lichteffecten. Volgens hem was hij een meester in het weergeven van heraldische en zinnebeeldige motieven en was hij naast enlumineur ook librariër van de hertog wat perfect verklaart dat opdrachten waarvoor hij werd betaald dikwijls door anderen werden uitgevoerd.

Zuid-Nederlands miniaturist (voor 1830)
Frans miniaturist
Persoon in de Nederlanden in de 15e eeuw
15e-eeuws schilder

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Huddersfield's World Cup players are already in with a chance of starting in Gameweek 1 against Chelsea, according to manager David Wagner.
Meanwhile, we are starting to get more of an idea which Bournemouth strikers are the preferred option for Eddie Howe but their defensive situation remains very unclear.
There were also two noteworthy debuts for Brighton's summer signings in their match against Nice, with some players starting to emerge as pre-season favourites for starts against Watford.
In this latest Scout Notes article we take a look at four more summer friendlies to see what impact they have on our Fantasy Premier League squads.
Josh King (£6.5m) and Jermain Defoe (£6.0m) have both extended their pre-season goal tallies to two ahead of the 2018/19 season. The fact that they found the net in a behind-closed-doors friendly while Callum Wilson (£6.0m) awaits his first strike of the summer could indicate they may be further ahead in the pecking order for Gameweek 1. From the matches played publicly, King has registered the most minutes so far with 225, Defoe has 208 while Wilson has played just 160 minutes.
Elsewhere there was a second assist of pre-season for Ryan Fraser (£5.5m) who could offer some value in 2018/19. We recently discovered his potential to do well in 2018/19 with him boasting the highest goal conversion rate (16.7 percent) and chances created (38) tallies among Bournemouth players last season. So seeing Fraser get involved in the goals over the summer could be a sign of things to come for him.
Further back, more information is needed over what the Bournemouth back-three will look like. Jack Simpson (£4.0m), Nathan Aké (£5.0m), Steve Cook (£4.5m) and Simon Francis (£4.5m) have all registered 225 minutes so far. We will have to pay attention to friendlies against Real Betis and Marseille at the Vitality Stadium later this week, but with the games so close together manager Eddie Howe may split them across the two fixtures.
Either way, it's worth noting that the Cherries' back-line, regardless of what set-up has been used, are still yet to keep a clean sheet in pre-season. That and the uncertainty over personnel may make their defence an area to avoid when picking squads for Gameweek 1.
New signing Diego Rico (£4.5m) made his first appearance of pre-season, getting 45 minutes at left-back under his belt. The Bournemouth media team were certainly impressed with his performance claiming that he made some good overlapping runs with Fraser on the left-flank and forced Amiens' goalkeeper into several saves. However, Charlie Daniels (£4.5m) did himself a world of good by getting the assist for Francis' second-half goal ahead of a three-match run between Gameweek 1 and 3 while Rico serves out an outstanding suspension.
BOURNEMOUTH FIRST-HALF XI (4-4-2): Begovic; Rico, Mings, Simpson, Mahoney; Fraser, Surman, Arter, Brooks; Defoe, Mousset.
BOURNEMOUTH SECOND-HALF XI (4-4-2): Boruc; Daniels, Ake, S Cook, Francis; Pugh, Gosling, L Cook, Gosling, Ibe; Wilson, King.
New signings Alireza Jahanbakhsh (£7.0m) and Florin Andone (£5.0m) made their first appearances in Brighton colours in a behind-closed-doors friendly in Nice on Tuesday. Each new recruit was treated to a 45-minute spell against the French team and they have some work to do to catch up with their colleagues in terms of game-time if they want to be in the frame for Gameweek 1 selection. Anthony Knockaert's (£5.5m) 15-minute cameo in this one means that no other right-winger has been on the pitch more for Brighton this summer (310 minutes), while Glenn Murray (£6.5m) and Tomer Hemed (£5.0m) have registered 213 and 286 minutes to Andone's 45, who was returning from an injury in this one.
Centre-back Leon Balogun (£4.5m) got 90 minutes for the first time in France as he still hopes for an outside chance of displacing either one of last season's first-choice pair, Lewis Dunk (£4.5m) or Shane Duffy (£4.5m). This latest friendly was the first one since the morning of July 24 not to feature Dunk, who has racked up the most minutes of the trio (288) while a minor injury has curtailed Duffy's pitch-time to 246, but still more than Balogun's 170 following a late return from World Cup leave.
Gaetan Bong (£4.5m) got 90 minutes, although his chances of starting at left-back in Gameweek 1 look slim considering no Brighton player has registered more game-time than Bernardo (£4.5m) in pre-season (349 minutes). The new signing from RB Leipzig is also capable of playing on the left-wing but that position looks fairly locked down by Solly March (£5.0m), who has 329 minutes of pre-season match-time under his belt, with Markus Suttner (£4.0m) the back-up in the position. On the opposite flank of defence, Bruno (£4.5m), despite not being involved in France, is still clear of Ezequiel Schelotto (£4.0m) with 304 summer minutes compared to the latter's 250.
Davy Pröpper (£5.0m) stands a very good chance of starting in the midfield for Brighton. He is level with Bernardo at the top of the Seagulls' pre-season minutes charts (349) and has more assists than anyone else at the club so far (two). His second one came against Nice where he teed up Viktor Gyokeres to score the only goal.
BRIGHTON XI (4-4-2): Ryan (Button 45'); Bong, Balogun, Duffy (Pröpper 45;), Schelotto (White 45'); March (Suttner 45'), Kayal (Groß 75'), Bissouma (Stephens 63'), Jahanbakhsh (Bernardo 45'); Andone (Murray 45'), Hemed (Gyokeres 45' | Knockaert 75').
Very little of Fantasy interest could be learned from this latest Crystal Palace friendly as a largely second-string side, labelled 'as a Palace XI' narrowly beat Boreham Wood 1-0. In fact, youngster Oliver O'Dwyer only ended up starting this match because Martin Kelly (£4.0m) got stuck in M25 traffic on the way to the ground. If anything, this was a match that helped us discount certain options from the Gameweek 1 selection picture.
For example, after Wayne Hennessey (£4.5m) started the last match and overtook him for pre-season minutes, new signing Vicente Guaita (£4.5m) was given the nod for this largely reserve fixture.
Elsewhere Joel Ward (£4.5m) was used at right-back after Aaron Wan-Bissaka (£4.0m) registered his fourth start of the summer at the weekend. The latter remains the obvious choice in the lowest price bracket among defenders, even if Ward did put up an assist against National League opposition.
Hopes that Sullay Kaikai (£4.5m) might start in Gameweek 1, after three goals and one assist this summer, took a bit of a hit by his involvement in this 'Palace XI' at Boreham Wood. Although he should be fit and ready if Roy Hodgson needs to call on him; only Alexander Sørloth (£5.0m) has been involved as often as Kaikai this summer (331 minutes).
Goal-scorer Jonny Williams (not in FPL yet) was the stand-out player and is, according to local press, the most likely of this crop of players to push into the Gameweek 1 starting line-up conversation. His goal at Boreham Wood was the second of the summer.
CRYSTAL PALACE XI: Guaita; Souare, Woods, O'Dwyer (Brown 58'), Ward; Lokilo, Williams (Lumeka 81'), Kirby (McGregor 72'), Puncheon; Wickham (Daly 60'), Kaikai (Street 85').
Huddersfield Town's returning World Cup stars all have a good chance of being involved when the Terriers host Chelsea on the opening day of the Premier League season, according to manager David Wagner. Aaron Mooy (£5.5m), Mathias 'Zanka' Jorgensen (£4.5m) and Ramadan Sobhi (£5.0m) got significant minutes against Bologna and are said to be in the right shape to start Gameweek 1, although they will need further minutes between now and August 11.
As alluded to by Wagner, Jonas Lössl (£4.5m) is more of a doubt for a Gameweek 1 start, although he still in the conversation. In his first action since the World Cup, he was responsible for Bologna's goal. His throw into midfield went straight to the opposition allowing them to send Falcinelli in to score. If, as Wagner says, he has more work to do then Ben Hamer (£4.0m) will be more than capable of standing in for him initially, having registered more pre-season minutes than any other Huddersfield player so far (405).
Mooy opened the scoring for the Terriers, scoring from the penalty spot after Florent Hadergjonaj (£4.5m) had been brought down in the penalty area. Steve Mounié (£6.0m) added his second goal of pre-season in the second-half to go level with Laurent Depoître (£5.5m) at the top of the Huddersfield summer scoring charts.
Meanwhile, selection doubts hang over Scott Malone (£4.0m), Michael Hefele and even Collin Quaner (£4.5m) after some interesting post-match quotes from Wagner, on why the trio weren't involved in Austria. Their situation has not been helped by the return of Huddersfield's World Cup players.
Malone remains the most popular defender in his price bracket with 14.1 percent ownership but seems very far behind Chris Löwe (£4.5m) in the pecking order at left-back. The latter chalked up his third assist in 311 pre-season minutes in Austria. Meanwhile, doubts over Quaner may be concerning to the seven percent who own the budget forward.
HUDDERSFIELD TOWN FIRST-HALF XI (4-2-3-1): Hamer; Kongolo, Zanka, Schindler, Hadergjonaj; Billing, Mooy; Sobhi, Pritchard, Diakhaby; Depoitre.
HUDDERSFIELD TOWN SECOND-HALF XI (4-2-3-1): Lössl; Löwe, Stanković, Schindler (Edmonds-Green 82'), Smith; Hogg, Mooy (Bacuna 67'); van La Parra, Kachunga (O'Brien 87'), Sobhi (Sabiri 67'); Mounié.
Arsenal terrible defending from the corner. Good finish though.
Who does Kouyate replace at Palace then?
Can anyone give me some help or suggestions for this. I want to start with Kun, Auba and Salah.
Kosalinac can go for maybe a 4.5m so I can upgrade one of Bennett,Ward or Patricio. And I could Change Arnie to free up some funds but I am stuck on who to change them too. Tompkins is an obvious one for Kolasinac but not sure I want 3 Palace def.
Robertson, PVA, Kolasinac?, Wan-Biss, Bennett?


text:
<?php

namespace Ext\DirectBundle\Annotation;

use Doctrine\Common\Annotations\Annotation;

/**
 * Class ExcludeTrim
 *
 * @Annotation
 * @Target("PROPERTY")
 *
 * @package Ext\DirectBundle\Annotation
 */
final class ExcludeTrim extends Annotation
{
    public $exclude = true;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Possible to export/import remote DB to WAMP server? If I needed to gzip a remote database and import it into my WAMP MySQL database I believe the command I should use is -
ssh user@server "mysqldump ericdev | gzip" | gunzip | mysql ericcart

But how would I run this locally when Putty requires me to connect to a server first and I can't SSH into WAMP.

A: Have you give this a try yet? It should work. Pay attention to the quotation marks. I'll add some parenthesis for clarity:
(ssh user@server "mysqldump ericdev | gzip") | gunzip | mysql ericcart
So, the first command, ssh user@server "mysqldump ericdev | gzip", returns a gzipped DB. That gzipped DB is then piped into  gunzip and mysql commands. The ssh command is only for the remote server.
Edit: I completely missed the point of the question, let me try again. (Thanks, @RiggsFolly)
You are going to want to install cygwin. Cygwin lets you run lots of repackaged linux utilities on Windows, SSH included. Go through the Cygwin setup and choose SSH under the "Net" section (search for it if you need to). After you've installed it, you should be able to open up the Cygwin console and run the ssh command.
So that you don't have to use the Cygwin console, I highly recommend adding the Cygwin Bin directory to the system path. You may need to reboot after doing that, but you should be able to run your original command right in command prompt or Powershell.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tracey Vitchers
Tracey is a feminist blogger for PolicyMic.com. Previously, Tracey wrote for The Huffington Post and Feministing's Community Blog. Her articles have been featured in Potentia Magazine, Feministing's Daily Feminist Cheat Sheet, and the Women's Campaign Fund newsletter. She has been quoted by MSNBC for her work with Students Active For Ending Rape (SAFER) and was featured on The Sean Hannity Show for her coverage of the Occupy Movement in September 2011. Tracey holds a Bachelor of the Arts in Women's Studies and English from Williams College and a Masters of the Arts in Comparative Women's Studies from Utrecht University. She has worked with numerous nonprofit organizations in project management, business development, communications, and public relations capacities. In her free time Tracey enjoys hiking with her dog, assembling Ikea furniture, and drinking coffee. Tracey works in New York City, but lives in the woods of Pennsylvania.
It's Not You, It's Me: Why I Took a Break From Feminism
By Tracey Vitchers
Being a feminist is often an exhausting, thankless job. Every success seems to be followed by depressing news, harrowing comments, or frustrating setbacks. The passage of the Violence Against Women Act and the Campus SaVE Act were followed by a…
Enough With the Mansplainy Internet Life Advice From Women, For Women
I am a feminist blogger, so I often find myself combing the internet for new topics to write about, cool events to promote, and information on issues currently affecting women, girls, LGBTQ people, and feminists that I should file for future…
One in 10 Young People Have Committed Sexual Violence
A recently published study in the journal JAMA Pediatrics found that nearly one in 10 youths self-reported that they had been a perpetrator of sexual violence in their lifetime. Researchers collected data from 1058 youths, 14 to 21. The data was…
The Shutdown's Awful Effect on Campus Violence Prevention Programs
As the government shutdown enters its second week, many Americans are becoming increasingly frustrated by the temporary suspension of important government programs and departments. One group that has been affected by the shutdown but has not been as…
In Memory Of 9/11, This Organization Helps Young Veterans Rebuild Their Lives
Charles Vitchers is the uncle of the author. Tracey actively volunteers with Housing Our Nation's Outstanding Returning Soldiers as their pro-bono director of communications and public relations. In the weeks and months after 9/11, family members…
7 Terrifying College Administration Responses to Allegations of Sexual Assault
Over the past few months, we have seen brave sexual assault survivors at colleges and universities across the United States file Title IX and Clery Act complaints, alledging that their educational institutions failed to provide them with necessary…
FEMEN Leaders Brutally Beaten in Soviet-Style Crackdown
Warning: This piece contains graphic images. On their Facebook page, FEMEN leaders accused Russian President Vladimir Putin and his allies of orchestrating the KGB-style attack on Hutsol. They allege that the violence was a response to the group's…
If Rick Perry is So Pro-Life, Why is He Ignoring Texas' High Maternal Death Rate?
With all the news coming out of Texas recently about Gov. Rick Perry's anti-choice crusade in the name of "protecting life," one would think that Texas' maternal health care would be top notch. Yet, on May 26, Senate Bill 495 — a bill forming a…
From Clinton to Gillibrand, Research Shows We See Female Politicians As ... Not That Feminine
What would you say the main differences are between Hillary Clinton and a female bank teller? What about between Condoleezza Rice and a female chef? Nancy Pelosi and a female publicist? Kelly Ayotte and a female astrophysicist? Or, Kirsten…
Occidental College Has a Serial Rapist Problem — And It's Probably Not the Only College With One
In a recent article in Bloomberg, Occidental College alumni Carly Mee and Leah Capranica discussed their struggle to navigate their administration's policies and procedures regarding sexual assault after both women were raped by the same male…
Susan Rice NSA: Will She Help Women Finally Be Taken Seriously On National Security?
Last week, President Obama named U.N. Ambassador Susan Rice as his national security advisor, only months after Rice pulled her bid for secretary of state after her role, albeit a minor one, in the Obama administration's Benghazi talking-points…
Hurricane Sandy Victims: Help Cancer Patients Who Went Bankrupt in Storm
In a study recently published by a team of researchers in Washington state, it was found that persons who have been diagnosed with cancer were 2.5 times more likely to file for bankruptcy. The team collected data from approximately 400,000 adults —…
"Crying Rape" On Innocent Men Doesn't Happen As Often As You Might Think
How often do women falsely accuse men of rape? Often? Sometimes? Almost never? And, how often do women falsely accuse men of domestic violence? The actual numbers might surprise you and may help change the way our culture views sexual violence…
Graduation 2013: How to Navigate the Feminist Job Market
With college graduation season right around the corner, many soon-to-be grads are still hunting for that perfect job. For an undergraduate looking for a feminist friendly work environment, this may be an even trickier search. Not every student who…
This is What a Great Anti-Sexual Assault PSA Looks Like
University of Arizona's Campus Health Service recently published a PSA on how men can actively engage in sexual assault prevention on college campuses. The PSA is one of the best I have seen because it not only gives basic facts on sexual assault…
Marathon Manhunt: Boston Celebrates Suspect's Capture — and That's Totally OK
There are two mornings I will never forget. Both happen to be Tuesdays, but they occurred nearly 10 years apart and on two different continents. The first was a clear blue Tuesday morning in central New Jersey. I was sitting in my eighth grade…
What is FEMEN? Post-Soviet "Sextremism," Not American Feminism
PolicyMic contributor Joseph Sarkisian published a piece Wednesday entitled "American Feminism Can Do More Harm Than Good" and used the story of Amina Tyler, the Tunisian FEMEN activist who received death threats and went into hiding after she bared…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Alumni | Featured Artist of the Month | Fellows News
Featured Artist of the month – Claude Allweathers Clare
Written by Alex McIntyre
Claude Allweathers is a fellow with Digswell Arts at the Fenner Building Letchworth. UK. After finishing a master's in Fine Arts in Barcelona 1999 and bumming around Spain for ten years he came back to UK to Letchworth. Finding work as a road sweeper he adopted the pseudonym ALLWEATHERS because everyday someone would say to him " you must be out in all weathers" they still do.
it wasn't long before the digswell arts trust took over the fenner building and he saw the opportunity of a studio to paint in.This show "death is not the end" is his first solo show in england this century and is a continuation of his usual style working from inside out
'THE DESCENT'
by Daniel Thiele
Traverse the raw kaleidoscopic interior landscapes of a nomadic soul in search of the transformative essence of his own renaissance.Descend into the Dantesque labyrinthine depths of each fragmented canvas and engage in a titanic struggle between two-edged demons and primeval emotions.
Frantic,angry,volcanic energy erupts into a mixture of dark,threatening forces and redeeming sources of spirit, fusing into a shamanic harmony of fluorescent colours.
Ancient, tribal, religious and mythical totemic motifs are strewn across these magical mindscapes like guiding clues to springs of nourishment from a lost world.
Layer by layer, he strips away outgrown protective masks, deconstructing conditioned and self-made disfigured parts of himself. Risking fragile vulnerability, he tentatively begins the pursuit of the ethereal regions of self-renewal.
Allweathers, a humble road sweeper and a spontaneous uncompromising, brutal artist, weathers all, in a courageous effort to sweep away the debris of his own hell.
Somewhere amongst all the debris lie buried treasures…….
"I'm a tormented dreamer,"says Allweathers,
How would you describe your current practice (e.g. materials, techniques, themes, key questions, approach)?
My paintings are large so I can attack them better, I don't like to think too much its always the good stuff that happens in a flash so that's where I lay. At the moment I'm using acrylics but use oils and mix them with crayons and anything that comes to hand my work is all about the moment.
What are you working on at the moment (forthcoming exhibitions, events, workshops etc)?
The work I'm doing at the moment is being exhibited at the Fenner gallery now and I have sold most of it which is nice . I like to have a stock also so I'm ready to show at any given time.
What are your plans for the coming year.
I will continue to work on big self made canvasses and try to improve my thing.
What is the question you get asked most about your work and how do you answer it?
There isn't a question because people don't ask me questions normally. This will probably change in the future.
What or who inspired you to be an artist and why?
A chain of events which started when I read Pollocks biography, followed by working as a painter and decorator and putting it all together in art school. I was inspired by the late Alan Davie whom I met at collage .
Which artist do you most admire and why?
Alan Davie because of the richness of his paintings
How has your relationship with Digswell Arts Trust strengthened your practice as an artist?
The trust is my place of work and I love to be there ,I work all the time thanks to Digswell. There's no other way to improve in my book.
← Prev: Miriam Fraser exhibits at WAC gallery, Waterloo with Work in Progress Next: Big Draw Events at Fenners a great success →
Above Below and Long Ago
Above Below and Long Ago' is published on the 13th October by Wayland - written by science and wildlife author Michael...
BIg Knit
The Big Knit Installation is the outcome from a summer community project that DAT fellow Sue Pilborough ran in...
Stuart Jone's 'New Paintings' solo exhibition at the Fenners Gallery over the weekend of the 5th and 6th November 2022
Over the weekend of the 5th and 6th November 2022, Stuart Jones will be holding a solo exhibition of new paintings in the Fenners Gallery in Letchworth.


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Albanian Superliga
Teuta - FK Laci
Time: 88 min Score: 0 - 1
Skenderbeu - Partizani Tirana
Kuwaiti League U20
Al-Naser U20 - Qadsia SC U20
Al-Sulaibikhat U20 - Al-Arabi U20
11.50 Draw
Khaitan U20 - Al-Shabab U20
Qatari Stars League
Al Khor - Al Sadd
Bahraini Pr. League
Al Ahli Manama - Al Muharraq
FC Oss - AZ
Egyptian Pr. League
Pyramids - Misr Lel Makasa
Fenerbahce - Kayserispor
Dutch Reservecompetitie
Jong Roda JC - Jong NAC Breda
ITF W15 Cancun
T. Ng - E. Vanlangendonck
Time: 117 min Score: 6/2 4/6 1/2 40-30
P. Cline - E. Appleton
ITF W25 Vero Beach Qualifying
E. Halbauer - E. Yu
Time: 117 min Score: 5/7 5/2 15-30
M. Osaka - D. Ivanova
ITF M15 Cancun
C. Langmo - C. Farren
Time: 67 min Score: 6/3 0/0 0-0
D. P. Sanz - T. Lipovsek Puches
Time: 27 min Score: 1/1 0-40
R. Rodriguez-Pace - M. Whitehouse
Time: 17 min Score: 0/0 40-15
ITF M25 Nussloch Doubles
Binding J / Duncan S - Haerteis J / Heller P
Time: 82 min Score: 6/7 5/3 15-15
Rennes Challenger Doubles
Galloway R / Hach Verdugo H - Petrovic, Danilo / Serdarus
A. Vatutin - M. Zverev
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Posted in British Civilian
Wartime Memories of Douglas Weatherall
shane November 26, 2017 Leave a comment
If you can tell me your name, when and where you were born.
Right, Im Douglas Weatherall I was born in Seaham Harbour County Durham in September 1932 and I've been associated with the north-east for a long, long time particularly as a newspaperman.
Can you tell me about your parents?
My father for 25 years worked down the colliery as a coal miner. He had passed for the grammar school but he didn't get into the school as he was an orphan. He left school at 14 and went down the pits but he had the intelligence to do anything. He eventually became a rent collector for the local council. I'm one of 3 children.
Did any of your family serve in the First War?
Yes, My Grandfather. He was a regular soldier and his service included the First War.
Did you have a happy childhood?
I had a terrific childhood. I loved sport all my life. In season we'd play cricket and football. I still love sport as an interest even at 84.
Can you remember the build-up for War?
My first real memory of the war was my dad who was deputy head warden for Seaham. He had the white helmets like you see on "Dad's Army". I remember going to the council with him as war was threatened and listening to Mr Chamberlain saying that war had been declared. I wasn't quite 7 years old but I remember that vividly. My next real memory of the war was the Anderson shelters being delivered. My older brother was very handy and he dug the hole 4 feet down and put the Anderson shelter in the garden and covered it with earth and flowers. I use to sleep in it quite regularly. When the air raids started my Mum decided that I should be evacuated and my sister, Jean, who was 4 years older than me, she and I went to Stratford upon Avon. I was picturing thatched roofed cottages but it was a terrace. Our council house back home was palatial compared to that. My idea of Stratford upon Avon was ruined. I stayed there for 3 weeks but was so homesick. My mum kept a letter I had written in pencil which said I wanted to come home and face the bombs again. I've still got that letter in my loft. My memories of Stratford upon Avon were the Wings for Victory collections. I remember being in the children's choir and I attended the school but I was glad to get back to Deneside Junior Mixed.
Did any of your family join the Armed Forces and serve?
My Dad when the war broke out had the chance to go back to the pits but he disliked them so much and preferred to go into the Army. He was in the Royal Artillery. He served most of his time on the South coast with heavy Ack Ack's, trying to shoot down German bombers and then later the doodle bugs.
Was anyone in the family in the Home Guard?
No, like I said my Dad was a warden. Our Jack joined the Army cadets but was never called up because he was a shipwright in the yards at Sunderland, that was his job.
Do you remember the Battle of Britain at all?
Oh I remember all the raids as I say, when they were at the height me Mam just used to prepare my bed in the shelter and we'd go down there and that's where I spent most of my nights in the Anderson shelter and actually I can remember the landmines dropping very near us, we lived on the avenue of Deneside, Seaham and then one of the farmers' fields this enormous bomb had dropped and left this enormous crater that eventually filled up with water and one of my playmates Jimmy Latham who lived out the back of where I lived, he was drowned in that, he had been trying to get on a raft and actually drowned in there.
Was the outbreak of war a shock to the system, what changes did it have for you as a child?
It wasn't a shock as such, we used to draw the aeroplanes and things like that and if there had been a raid we would go and pick the bits of shrapnel and that type of thing and it was mainly like a normal boyhood, I still loved playing football and cricket and as I said earlier I have liked that sort of thing all my life, eventually I was to write about football and cricket. Incidentally I remember when my dad was in the army I used to write letters to him and mainly tell him about how Sunderland had played in the wartime matches and he used to write back, it was like reading the Sunderland Football Echo. Eventually I used to work for the football like and the Sunderland Echo that's where I started my journalistic career. He was well before his time he forecast Boro would be down before…
Did you ever worry about what might happen?
I don't think I did you know, as a boy it was… I still did boyish things and even after raids we would go around picking up bits of shrapnel and whatnot you know, one gets used to these things.
What about the threat of invasion, I've spoke to a few people who said they were always aware of the constant threat that Hitler might arrive.
Yeah that was, well of course, through my Dad being a warden they were prepared with how to react if there was an invasion and all that sort of thing and of course I remember the LDV the Local Defence Volunteers who were the Home Guard I remember I used to see them doing their drill etc but the main things I remember were the air raids, the noise could be terrible and me Mam used to be upset as soon as she heard the sirens… woo the whining and then it was a different whine for the start of the raid and then there was a long one for when the raid was over, the threat was over and these things have stuck with my memory all my life.
Can you tell me what the camaraderie was like in your community?
It was, you've got to remember it was a mining community and miners have wonderful camaraderie anyway and incidentally to go off at a tangent there used to be the broadcasts about how to save things and make the most of things and how not to waste any food and that sort of thing. Me Mam would listen to that and say 'Hey, we've been doing that our whole live', because we weren't that well off, hardly anybody in Seaham Harbour was well off, I mean blimey there just used to be a few cars in the whole town, now you can't get stirred from them. I never thought I would see which I saw eventually loads of cars at every colliery where the miners would come to work. They used to get the pit busses when I was a lad.
What were the day to day conditions like?
As I say it was, I was a boy and I enjoyed doing boyish things and sometimes you would see some of the stuff on the news when we went to the cinema at Seaham Colliery and you'd see some of the raids and the effects of the raids but of course a lot of that was hushed up for morale among the population and even in those days I realised we might not be getting the full truth, I can remember chaps coming back to Seaham after Dunkirk for instance and all that sort of thing and being greeted at home, back for a short while then they were of again to war.
What were the changes to schooling?
Well of course that was another thing, they had a shelter built at school at Deneside, my Mam used to complain because we used to play football in the school yard and they built a brick shelter just at the bottom of the schoolyard and that had soil on it but you can imagine what it was like when it rained, all muddy and that and my Mam used to get me turned out beautifully for school and I'd come back hackey as they say in County Durham, all muddy me shoes were all mucked up from playing football in the mud stained playground. Things like that I remember in that sense, the happy memories not sort of forbidding ones shall I say.
Can you remember when rationing came in, what was the food like and what did you miss?
I can remember everything seemed to be short, Warehills was a bread shop and the word would go around 'Warehills have biscuits in', it was great to be able to get a biscuit now and again, there was a shortage of everything mind you, as I said me Mam or Dad would make do and mend all our lives really although we always fed well, we didn't have much money but we always fed well and we seemed to have managed all right. I can still remember lovely smells of my Mam's cooking, Sunday dinners we still managed to get some sort of roast.
Can you remember any funny incidents from the time?
In the main a boy's life was fun I mean I started watching Sunderland when I was 9 years old. I can still remember the very first game I saw at Roker Park, it was Sunderland vs Leeds Utd and of course in those days a lot of the players were in the forces and it just so happened that Raich Carter the wonderful inside forward of Sunderland, he had gone on leave and was playing for Sunderland the very first time I saw them and I saw him get a hat trick and one of his goals I can picture now. I was standing in the Clock Stand and this wonderful left foot shot from the angle of the penalty area and he shot inside the far post, I was 9 years old and it's still there.
What was it like going to the matches in wartime?
Well it was thrilling, I used to love Saturdays if Sunderland were playing at home and if they weren't playing at home I'd go and see Seaham Colliery Welfare play or Dalton Colliery Welfare. I was later to play for Dalton Colliery Welfare Juniors and of course I mean in the wartime, during the war I passed my 11 plus and went to Ryhope Grammar School, the school that had rejected my Dad because he was an orphan. A bit politically minded on that sort of thing! I like to think I have a sense of fairness and I thought that was unfair anyway I got in the school and we had the most successful team in Ryhope Grammar school that the North-East have ever known and it's still a record. We entered 8 competitions and won 7. And of course, that was just after the war in the 46-47 season but of course I was there from 1943 and that was wartime. I remember we used to have gas masks and as the war got on we didn't seem to carry our gas masks as often as we previously carried them because we were then in the process of winning the war and the threat wasn't that great.
Was there ever a time you had to use them?
No, I've never known gas thank God, I mean they used to have practices putting them on but never the real thing thanks goodness.
Were there any tragic incidents befell your family?
I lost 2 uncles, I remember I was sitting one night listening to the wireless we didn't have television, my Ma was doing her hookie mat, you know the hookie mats and there was a knock on the front door of the Avenue, Deneside, Seaham and it was a policeman to tell us my uncle Harry my Mams brother had been killed. We never used to worry about him because he was based in this country but would you believe, he was a motorcyclist dispatch rider a motorcyclist in the Royal Engineers, he was a Sergeant and he was killed on the A1 between Ripon and Darlington by some vehicle which was on the wrong side of the road. The ones we worried about were my Uncle Eddie and my Uncle Jack, they were both in the Royal Navy, the next time we got bad news it was Uncle Eddie had gone down on the submarine Snapper, that's how he lost his life and by the way his son, my cousin Danny is very well known, the people in that type of music will know all about him, Danny Thompson, he is a brilliant double bass player, he is in his 70's now and of course he doesn't remember his Dad, he was just a baby when his Dad was killed. He was declared missing presumed dead and of course he was… down the bottom of some ocean.
How did people cope with the fear?
With fear? You see I can't remember people being frightened. It's funny you get used to an environment and the environment was we were at war, we didn't want to be at war but somehow the British spirit we coped. I would guess perhaps I was too young to be fearful?
Whereas me Mam was always, especially after losing two brothers she was always fearful, the next knock on the door. What's it going to be? What news is it going to be? My Dad didn't get out of this country as a soldier until just after the war when he, towards the end of the war he was stationed very briefly in Germany but by then we had won.
Where were you the day it was announced the war was over and what can you remember about it?
What I can remember was the street parties and that sort of thing, they were lovely and it was, one of my great memories actually and perhaps you don't know this but I love music and I can remember the BBC was celebrating by going right round Britain and what was happening and I will never forget hearing the people in Cardiff singing the Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah and I've always loved music, my Dad was a good singer, he used to sing Messiah and it was if someone was conducting them. This great celebration, you've heard about the Welsh being great singers. I can vouch they were great when the war was one, I remember them singing and celebrating by singing the Hallelujah Chorus in the streets. It was a very happy time and it was lovely as the fellas came back from the war you know, it was a very emotional time that. I think the whole nation had showed wonderful spirit during the war but there was a great sense of relief afterwards.
Did it take long for your father to come back?
Well my Dad was de-mobbed and he returned to what he done before the war, he was working for Seaham Council again.
Do you often think back to that time?
Funny enough not all that much really. I mean it's a long time ago and a lot has happened in my life since then, Sunderland even won the cup, they'd won it in '37. My Dad had his first trip to Wembley in 1937, this is 2 years before war was declared and my memory of that funnily enough was he brought me back a weapon of war… a toy sword and that was my first memory of football really.
Can you tell us a little about your life after the war?
Well I went to the school where my Dad didn't get in and I advanced forward to the 5th form at Ryhope Grammar School and the prefect tapped me on the shoulder and said the gaffer wants to see you, and that meant the headmaster but oh what have I done now? It was known for me to have to visit the headmaster, anyway I go to see him wondering what he has to say to me and he says 'Oh Weatherall', they never call you by your first name. 'You'll be leaving school after you sit your school certificate won't you?'. I said 'Oh yes', he said 'Well what do you fancy becoming?'. 'Oh well, I was thinking, I was pretty poor at the sciences but pretty good at the arts and English and Latin and that sort of thing so I was thinking I might get a job at one of the offices at the three Collieries in Seaham Harbour or possibly in one of the offices of the Co-Ops. That was until about 3 weeks ago, but my Dad who was reading the Daily Herald at home said, this sounds like you, he was reading a feature by Dudley Barker with whom I was later to work about how to become a reporter. So, my Dad said this sounds like you, good at English, interested in current affairs, what goes on in life. He says this sounds like you so I told Mr Graham the headmaster about that and he says well I've had a call from the reporter at Seaham office of the Sunderland Echo and he wants his first Junior reporter so would you be interested. I said oh yes, I saw Mick Browne, Mr Browne with an 'e' finally that night. I saw Tommy Holden the editor of the Sunderland Echo the following day and then I knew what I would be doing when I left school. In fact, when Tommy Holden said to me 'When can you start?'… I was thinking I could get out of sitting my exams. I said straight away, well he said I think you better go back in case you don't like it or we don't like you.
My Dad wouldn't have let me leave school before getting qualifications anyway so I went back to school and from then on, the lads were calling me 'Scoop' because I was going to be a reporter and I was actually reporting before I left school. I was reporting cricket at Seaham Harbour for the Sunderland Echo and I started for the Sunderland Echo in July when I left and I've been a journalist all my life and I still write for the Sunderland Football Match Programme that's my only main writing nowadays but I'm always grateful to Mr S. B Graham for picking me out, I mean he didn't know about my journalistic interest then but I tell you this we didn't have career masters or advisors then, Didn't need one and he was as perceptive as that, made a wonderful change to my life and I have loved being a reporter and if I were well of I would have done it for free.
Is there anything that we haven't covered that you would want to talk about?
I think I've covered things pretty well, I haven't mentioned that I was in the army. I did my National Service. At the age of 18 Im working at the Sunderland Echo but of course in those days there was National Service Conscription, I knew I would get called up and sure enough I was 18 on September and then in the February I got to go to Fort George Inverness to train with the Highland Brigade and I did 10 weeks basic training. I was with the Highland Regiment but I was badged under the Royal Army Educational Corps, that's what I put down as a preference because of my wonderful school certificate, somehow, I managed to persuade them that I should be given a chance in the Royal Army Educational Corps.
I had a 3-month course and somehow, I got through and I was expected to be a teacher in the Army teaching lads how to read and write and that type of thing. Those who qualified on that course, if I failed that course I could have gone to Korea and had to fight in Korea with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders or in Malaya with the Gordon Highlanders. Anyway, I got through and there were lads who wanted an overseas posting, the postings were put in an Army beret and we had to pick out our posting and I picked out BTA and the young Lt who was our instructor said you're a lucky so and so, I said oh where am I going and he says oh you're going to Austria, British Troops Austria. BTA. Anyway, I travelled on the ship from Harwich then got a train down to (?) in Austria to (?) and I get of this lorry and the first person I see is someone I recognise.
Tony Davidson from Seaham, he was in the year above me at Ryhope Grammar school. He says first question have you got your boots and he didn't mean army boots he meant football boots. I was like yeah, I've got them and he says you're playing tomorrow. He had seen the postings and knew I was going to arrive and I was literally playing the next day and he said I will show you to the billet and he showed me the Sgt quarters and says Hey I've got a canny joke for you, I said what's that Tony. He says you will be running the army newspaper. I could have cuddled him you know. I was dreading having to teach because I was hopeless teaching but somehow, I had managed to get through that course but anyway I was producing the Army Newspaper for the British Troops in Austria weekly journal. BTA weekly journal. I still have all the copies that I produced in a folder up in the loft and so I enjoyed my time in Austria. I was there last year actually I went back with my younger daughter and saw the barracks where I was billeted and I enjoyed myself.
In season I played football twice a week I played cricket twice a week as well as producing this newspaper. I saw England win in the Prada Stadium, Vienna, we beat a very good team Austria 3-2. Nat Lofthouse got the winning goal. Nat Lofthouse dubbed in the Daily Express as the Lion of Vienna. I was there and I've talked about that sort of thing with the late Nat Lofthouse.
Interview Ends
Tagged Colliery, Deneside, Football, Journalist, Seaham, Sunderland Echo, ww2
shane June 2, 2019 Leave a comment
The Wartime Memories of Lucy King
shane April 2, 2018 Leave a comment
Wartime Memories of Joyce Allen
shane March 17, 2018 Leave a comment
Wartime Memories of John Bartley
← Ron Johnson [Glider Pilot Regiment]
Wartime Memories of Kitty Grove-Stephensen →


I am looking for a good England based law firm with Cypriot affiliate. Can anyone make a recommendation?
I would prefer not to be calling Cyprus to have discussions. Needs to have expertise in conveyancing, planning and company set-up for Cyprus.
I think the easiest thing to do for a complex is for the developer to get a mortgage release from the bank stating that the unit being purchased is free of a mortgage.
Let's suppose the development comprises 50 units and there is a mortgage of €2,000,000 on the development. The developer would need to reduce the mortgage by €40,000 as each property was sold.
How would you propose developers of multi-units on one title deed offer protection?
Assuming that the construction is built in conjunction to the planning permission and that there is a sensible sales contract in place, is there any other way of giving purchaser greater comfort? It is all well saying that an individual property should not have finance on it, but what about a complex? There would be no development at all, if finance were not available. If the developer has finance attached to the land and not the property, how do you get protection, as the purchaser and how do you stop them raising finance against the land after the complex is finished?
Thanks again for all the information, I really appreciate it!
Thanks for the personal info, very interesting. I can certainly relate to the problems you mention.
What is your view on how developers should hold title deeds (before division) to afford purchaser best protection for new builds?
Funnily enough, this was the lawyer that I contacted. Andrea Sofocleous web address is sofalawfirm.com.
However, they do not have anyone in London (typically Cypriot) serviced offices etc and the enquiry was referred back to Cyprus. Decent guy in Cyprus, very friendly, but not what I require. Eventually, he referred me to a barrister in London but I am still waiting for a call back...... recession, apparently not!
Just passing time at Manchester Airport waiting for my flight home to sunny Cyprus. What would we do without WiFi at airports?
Anyway contacted the Law Society on Friday and they said they hadn't time to give me an exhustive list of lawyers but the first one that popped up when they did a search was http://www.soflawfirm.com/offices.php They have an offices in London and Limassol.
I can't give you any information about Andrea Sofocleous - I've not heard of the firm.
As for me - I retired to live here 7 years ago having escaped the UK 'rat race'.
Thank you for the information. Thankfully someone has read my second post and given me information that is helpful!
Does anyone have any experience of dealing with Andrea Sofocleous in Limassol?
Thanks again for help. For my curiousity Nigel, what do you do for a living and how long and where do you live in Cyprus? Feel free to ignore, if the questions are too prying!
I don't know of any UK law firms with a Cypriot affiliate. The British High Commission in Nicosia publishes a (short) list of lawyers in Cyprus - and I know that some of them had firms in the UK before establishing themselves in Cyprus.
You can get a copy of that list from: http://ukincyprus.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/when-things-go-wrong/if-you-need-lawyer/list-local-lawyers (Click on 'List of Local Lawyers' in the 'Related Documents' section on the right of the page).
I honestly doubt whether there is anything good in Cyprus in that respect - usually Cyprus lawyers refer their clients to an appropriate specialist in UK so that all UK matters will be settled there, and same goes for UK lawyers with regard to Cyprus issues... I guess it might be possible to find a branch in Cyprus of some third-rate UK law firm (though I do not know of any), but would you really wish to go there? If you really wish to have dealing with a lawyer in Cyprus regarding UK legal questions, the sure bet would be having a Cyprus based law firm representing your interests to a UK one (as an Instructing firm), but that would cost you extra.
Try Louise Zambartas in Limassol.


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40th: The Story of Bishop Robert Williams and Roberts Temple
Available: Thursday, October 1st – 7am - 7pm CST 35 min • Documentary, History Directed by Lora Branch
A documentary that tells the story of Bishop William Roberts and the Roberts Temple Church of God in Christ, and explores its place in Chicago's Black History - including the funeral of Emmett Till.
This film will only be available to view between 7 AM and 7 PM CST on Thursday, October 1st.
Festival passes are especially meaningful in supporting our festival and creators in the wake of COVID-19, plus get you access to ALL of our amazing screenings. Learn more.
In 2006, the Chicago City Council officially declared Roberts Temple Church of God in Christ, also known as 40th, a Chicago Landmark. The church, located at 4021 South State Street, was honored because of its role in the historic four - day funeral for the slain 14 - year - old Emmett Till. Till's funeral attracted international press attention and ignited the civil rights movement. While the story of Till's funeral is an important part of the Church's history, Roberts Temple was one of Chicago's first "mega-churches", established in 1916. It was the home church for many well - known Gospel firsts such as Arizona Dranes and Sister Rosetta Tharpe - now recognized as the Godmother of Rock n' Roll. It was one of the first Black churches in Chicago with a live radio broadcast produced by another Roberts Temple family member and the first black US radio DJ Jack L. Cooper. Its founder Bishop William Roberts's family gave hope to thousands of Blacks during the Great Migration.
40th: The Story of Bishop William Roberts and Roberts Temple - Panel Discussion
Thursday, Oct 1, 2020 7:00pm - 8:00pm
FREE EVENT!!
Filmmaker Lora Branch discusses why and how she made 40th: The Story of Bishop William Roberts and Roberts Temple with....TBD
All event times are Central Time.
View the event
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