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Made in the Czech Republic – Zetor
Variations of this logo have adorned many Zetor products since 1946.
A Smart Tractor, You Say?
Since 1946, Zetor tractors have represented the Czech lands on the global agricultural market. Over the years, the company's tractors have been exported to over 130 countries and were produced under license in nine countries from 1964 into the 1990s.
Starting as a division of the manufacturing giant, Zbrojovka Brno, Zetor eventually became a company in its own right in 1976. Right from the start, Zetor tractors were revolutionary in their design and quickly became recognised worldwide for that.
Zetor was the first tractor manufacturer to take driver comfort and safety into account, theirs were the world's first tractors to incorporate a roll cage and engine noise dampening features into the design of the driver's cabin as well as ergonomic and practical arrangement of vehicle controls and instrument guages in easily visible places.
They also pioneered the concept of parts unification in tractor design. This meant that a series of tractor models could be designed with a high amount of components common between them, thus simplifying both construction and maintenance processes.
Through radical restructuring and a shift from state to private ownership in the early 1990s, Zetor was bought out of bankruptcy in the early 2000s to still be with us today and have bright plans for the future.
That said, let's spend some time with this legendary Czech product:
The model 25, which was prototyped in 1945, was the first of many tractor types to come from Zetor's production lines.
Child of Zbrojovka
The genesis of Zetor is to be found in Zbrojovka Brno, a manufacturing company that can trace it's own lineage to the 1800s and the Austro-Hungarian Empire's artillery workshops.
Zbrojovka Brno came into existence as a state owned firearms factory in 1918 as the newly established First Republic of Czechoslovakia rose as an independent nation in the wake of the First World War. The factory quickly established itself as a manufacturing giant, producing a wide range of products for both military and civilian markets
During the First Republic period, Czechoslovakia's agriculture sector was served by tractors of both domestic and imported origin. Praga, Škoda, Svoboda and Wikov were the major domestic tractor producers while imported tractors were primarily of American origin with products from US Fordson, International Harvester and John Deere being predominant.
In the same period, Zbrojovka Brno added cars to their growing list of products. As history would show, involving themselves in car design and manufacture would give them valuable experience to draw upon when they started tractor manufacture after the Second World War.
Historic models of Zetor machines with a model 25 in half-track form in the foreground.
World War Two changed manufacturing prioritites and agricultural equipment became a decidedly low priority for nations involved in the conflict. After the war was finished, around 2,000 tractors were imported to Czechoslovakia through the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) while factories in the country got back on their feet after German occupation.
While the pre-war domestic tractor producers planned to resume the tractor business in the post-war period, Škoda was the only one who managed to do so. It was in this vacuum that Zbrojovka Brno entered the tractor business.
The company established the tractor arm of their business in 1945 and staffed it with many former members of their inter-war automobile operations. The newly formed division was placed under the leadership of František Musil, an automobile and aircraft engine designer who had joined the company in 1935.
The catalyst for Zbrojovka Brno entering the tractor business was a June, 1945 state requisition for domestic companies to design an economical, lightweight tractor suitable for mass production within a time limit of only six months. By November of that year, Musil and his team had succeeded in producing their prototype tractor. Škoda was the only other manufacturer to come forth with a prototype in response to the requisition. After a brief competition of prototypes, the Zbrojovka design was declared the winner. The victorious prototype would form the basis of the company's first tractor, the model 25.
Built between 1947 and 1949, the model 15 was designed as a lower cost alternative to the model 25.
Spring of 1946 saw the company's tractor division officially named Zetor and trademark protection extended to it. In the same period, the first model 25 tractors began to roll off the assembly lines. The model 25 would see a production run of 16 years with a total of 158,570 of the type being made and 97,000 of those going to export customers. Such figures place the model 25 amongst the most produced European tractor types.
Before the 1940s were out, Zetor had begun to distinguish themselves as one of the first tractor makers in the world to take operator comfort and safety into consideration. Succesive versions of the model 25 featured a padded driver seat with spring support and a small back rest incorporated into the design. The model 25 also moved away from the traditional cartridge starting system to an electrical starter for the engine. Thought was also given to the visibility and layout of the instruments and guages on the dashboard.
Another Zetor development of the 1940s was the model 30 of 1948. The model 30 was significant in tractor development by being one of the world's first tractors to feature a fuel injected diesel engine, a feature which reduced fuel consumption considerably.
The company saw the 1940s out by celebrating the construction of their 10,000th tractor in February of 1949.
The model 35 Super P crawler, a Zetor product of the 1950s.
On an Open Field
Entering the 1950s, Zetor had very little to compete with at home except their own success. Indeed, they were having some problems satisfying both domestic and export markets for their products at the begining of the decade.
Škoda had remained, to a small degree, in the tractor business until the Communist government that had taken over the country in 1948 dictated that Zetor would be the country's only tractor producer. Škoda had faded from the tractor business by the mid 1950s and Zetor had the home market to themselves from then on.
1952 saw Zetor moved from the main Zbrojovka Brno factory to a factory site in the Líšeň suburb on the east side of Brno. Here, they would not need to compete for factory floorspace with other Zbrojovka products and could conduct their own research and development on site. The Líšeň location continues to serve as Zetor headquarters today.
1955 saw the debut of the Super 35, a model that brought with it an improved suspension system and a heating system in the driver's cabin for increased operator comfort.
In 1960, the Super 35 was extensively modernised and renamed the Super 50.
The model 2011, introduced in 1963, is a member of the UR1 range of tractors.
A Revolution on the Farm
Zetor introduced a true watershed event to tractor production in the late 1950s with the introduction of their parts unification concept.
Under the parts unification concept, entire ranges of tractors could be created using a system of common parts. This concept captured the manufacturing world's attention as it meant significant savings in materials, money and time with regards to production and maintenance. It also meant that tractor dealers did not have to give valuable shelf space to components unique to a single model of tractor.
From 1958 into the late 1990s, Zetor created three distinct ranges of tractors under the parts unification system: UR1, UR2 and UR3. Each range featured baseline models and specialised versions.
The model 5511 of 1966 represents an early modernisation to the UR1 range.
UR1: The First Unified Range
The UR1 range proved to be a solid start for Zetor's new system.
While Zetor had designed a completely new transmission for their new range, they had retained the fuel injected diesel engines and associated starting systems. The engines made Zetor tractors very popular on the export market as they could be started and operated reliably in a very wide range of climatic conditions around the world.
Zetor used the UR1 range to introduce their Zetormatic weight transfer system. This system shifted part of the weight of the field implement being pulled to the tractor's rear axle so it could be used for more traction in the soil.
Inside the UR1 family, there were a number of specialised variants including a half-track version for working in forested areas, a fully tracked version for work on the steep slopes of vineyards as well as a narrower model for working between trees in fruit orchards.
Through the bulk of the 1960s, the UR1 range was very well recieved at home and abroad. However, with a power range covering from 25 to 60 horsepower, it was not powerful or robust enough for the larger farm operations of Central Europe.
While the UR2 range debuted in 1968, the UR1 family has been revisited and modernised several times over the years.
ntroduced in 1968, the Zetor Crystal brought with it an entirely new vision of what a tractor could be.
UR2: Redefining the Tractor
The UR2 range, collectively nicknamed "Zetor Crystal", consisted of around 8 versions and was produced between 1968 and 1989.
The Crystal not only answered the call for the increase in power and structural strength that the UR1 range could not provide, it was also heralded by tractor manufacturers worldwide as a true technological leap forward in tractor design from almost every aspect.
The Crystal added to Zetor's established reputation for operator safety by being the world's first tractor designed with a safety cage integral to the cabin in order to protect the driver in case of a rollover.
The roomy and, for the time, quite modern cabin of the Crystal.
The new cabin was mounted on special noise reducing blocks. This, in conjunction with changes to engine mounting systems, made the Crystal the world's first tractor with a noise level below 85 decibels inside the cabin.
Outside of the inovations to the cabin, the Crystal had a number of features as standard equipment that other manufacturers at the time were offering as options if they were offering them at all.
The Crystal was available with four and six cylinder engines. During the UR2 production run, turbocharged variations of the Crystal were developed. With turbocharging, the four cylinder engine could generate 100 horsepower and the six cylinder could generate 160.
UR3: Keeping it Going
Zetor introduced the third incarnation of their unified range of tractors in 1991.
The primary reasons for the introduction of the UR3 series were to replace the Crystal and to fill a gap that existed in the medium power tractor market in the early 1990s.
The UR3 family was made up of eight models ranging from 70 to to 105 horsepower.
The HMT 6522, an Indian built tractor based on a licensed Zetor design.
Building Abroad
With as widely popular as Zetor tractors had become by the mid 1960s, it made sense for the company to grant licenses for production and maintenance of their products overseas.
From 1964 into the 1990s, Zetor tractors were assembled from factory provided components or fully produced under license in Brazil, Burma, Ghana, Greece, India, Iraq, Japan, Mexico and Poland.
Between 1993 and 1996, Zetor entered a contract with John Deere in America to produce a number of tractors under the American company's name and badging for markets in Latin and South America. The tractors were Zetor designs though finished in the well known John Deere green and yellow paint and assembled in John Deere's manufacturing facilities in Mexico. These tractors were marketed by John Deere as the 2000 series.
Under the terms of the short lived contract with John Deere, Zetor was barred from being active in Latin and South American markets. However, in 1997, Zetor moved on those markets through a deal with Brazilian vehicle manufacturer, Agrale. Zetor continues to provide Agrale with components to produce their tractors for the Brazilian market today.
The Forterra: the relaunched and modernised UR3 range which Zetor put on the market in 1998.
The 1990s and the New Millenium
As it was with many Czech companies, the early post Socialist period was a tumultuous time in which many legendary firms either adapted well to or died in bankruptcy.
Zetor spent the 1990s going through a number of changes after being privatised in 1993.
In the 1990s, the company relaunched both the UR1 and UR3 ranges in much modernised forms.
The turn of the millenium was a particularly rocky period for the company that saw it change ownership a few times, enter a revitalisation program and go through a bankruptcy before being purchased in 2002 by its current owners.
Under the current ownership, Zetor has flourished and regained its strength as a company. Today, the company manufactures several models of tractor under the Forterra, Major and Proxima names. In 2015, Zetor brought the name "Crystal" back to the tractor world in the form of a fully modern design.
The Zetor of the future? In 2015, Zetor announced a partnership with Pininfarina of Italy to give Zetor tractors a new look.
Zetor marked their 70th anniversary in 2016. Part of marking that milestone was to develop a new look for future Zetor products. To this end, they partnered with world famous Italian car design firm Pininfarina.
Pininfarina created a new design concept which was unveiled to the world as a full scale mock up in 2015 at the Agritechnica exhibition in Hannover, Germany.
Zetor plans to apply Pininfarina design concepts to all their future models and updates to existing models.
With classic Italian car firms such as Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Maserati on their client list, Pininfarina is certain to bring a whole new level of excitement to the world of agriculture through their partnership with Zetor.
The Zetor Gallery is an interactive museum run by Zetor in Brno.
If you like tractors and happen to be passing through Brno, Zetor Gallery really should be on your itinerary.
This small museum was established by Zetor at their Brno headquarters in 2013 and is a fantastic opportunity to get up close to a number of historical and contemporary Zetor models. The museum has a permanent collection of its own plus a rotating selection of historical Zetor tractors loaned by private collectors.
Zetor gallery is quite interactive and visitors are encouraged to examine many of the tractors at close quarters and even sit in them.
The following links will give you more information about much of what's been covered in this blog entry:
Here, you'll find a historical timeline of Zetor.
This page gives a good overview of Zetor's unified ranges.
These links are to the Zetor Gallery website and my own existing article about the museum respectively.


Serge Alinhac (1948–) received his PhD from l'Université Paris-Sud XI (Orsay). After teaching at l'Université Paris Diderot VII and Purdue University, he has been a professor of mathematics at l'Université Paris-Sud XI (Orsay) since 1978. He is the author of Blowup for Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations (Birkhäuser, 1995) and Pseudo-differential Operators and the Nash–Moser Theorem (with P. Gérard, American Mathematical Society, 2007). His primary areas of research are linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.
This excellent introduction to hyperbolic differential equations is devoted to linear equations and symmetric systems, as well as conservation laws. The book is divided into two parts. The first, which is intuitive and easy to visualize, includes all aspects of the theory involving vector fields and integral curves; the second describes the wave equation and its perturbations for two- or three-space dimensions.
Over 100 exercises are included, as well as "do it yourself" instructions for the proofs of many theorems. Only an understanding of differential calculus is required. Notes at the end of the self-contained chapters, as well as references at the end of the book, enable ease-of-use for both the student and the independent researcher.


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Clark Glymour
Clark Glymour is Alumni University Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Carnegie Mellon University and Senior Research Scientist at Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. He is the author of The Mind's Arrows: Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology (MIT Press), Galileo in Pittsburgh, and other books.
Thinking Things Through, Second Edition
An Introduction to Philosophical Issues and Achievements
Clark Glymour 2015
The second edition of a unique introductory text, offering an account of the logical tradition in philosophy and its influence on contemporary scientific disciplines.
Thinking Things Through offers a broad, historical, and rigorous introduction to the logical tradition in philosophy and its contemporary significance. It is unique among introductory philosophy texts in that it considers both the historical development and modern fruition of a few central questions. It traces the influence of philosophical ideas and arguments on modern logic, statistics, decision theory, computer science, cognitive science, and public policy. The text offers an account of the history of speculation and argument, and the development of theories of deductive and probabilistic reasoning. It considers whether and how new knowledge of the world is possible at all, investigates rational decision making and causality, explores the nature of mind, and considers ethical theories. Suggestions for reading, both historical and contemporary, accompany most chapters.
This second edition includes four new chapters, on decision theory and causal relations, moral and political theories, "moral tools" such as game theory and voting theory, and ethical theories and their relation to real-world issues. Examples have been updated throughout, and some new material has been added. It is suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate classes in philosophy, and as an ancillary text for students in computer science and the natural sciences.
Thinking about Android Epistemology
Kenneth M. Ford, Clark Glymour, and Patrick Hayes 2006
How to think about minds that aren't like ours: using artificial intelligence and computation theory to study the powers and limits of systems that learn.
For millennia, "from Aristotle to almost yesterday," the great problems of philosophy have all been about people: questions of epistemology and philosophy of mind have concerned human capacities and limitations. Still, say the editors of Thinking about Android Epistemology, there should be theories about other sorts of minds, other ways that physical systems can be organized to produce knowledge and competence. The emergence of artificial intelligence in mid-twentieth century provided a way to study the powers and limits of systems that learn, to theorize and to make theories sufficiently concrete so that their properties and consequences can be demonstrated. In this updated version of the 1995 MIT Press book Android Epistemology, computer scientists and philosophers—among them Herbert Simon, Daniel Dennett, and Paul Churchland—offer a gentle, unsystematic introduction to alternative systems of cognition. They look at android epistemology from both theoretical and practical points of view, offering not only speculative proposals but applications—ideas for using computational systems to expand human capacities. The accessible and entertaining essays include a comparison of 2001's HAL and today's computers, a conversation among aliens who have a low opinion of human cognition, an argument for the creativity of robots, and a short story illustrating the power of algorithms for learning causal relations.
Contributors Neil Agnew, Margaret Boden, Paul Churchland, Daniel Dennett, Ken M. Ford, Clark Glymour, Pat Hayes, Henry Kyburg, Doug Lenat, Marvin Minsky, Joseph Nadeau, Anatol Rappoport, Herbert Simon, Lynn Andrea Stein, Susan Sterrett
Paperback $7.75 £6.99
The Mind's Arrows
Bayes Nets and Graphical Causal Models in Psychology
The use of Bayes nets and graphical causal models in the investigation of human learning of causal relations, and in modeling and inference in cognitive psychology.
In recent years, small groups of statisticians, computer scientists, and philosophers have developed an account of how partial causal knowledge can be used to compute the effect of actions and how causal relations can be learned, at least by computers. The representations used in the emerging theory are causal Bayes nets or graphical causal models.
In his new book, Clark Glymour provides an informal introduction to the basic assumptions, algorithms, and techniques of causal Bayes nets and graphical causal models in the context of psychological examples. He demonstrates their potential as a powerful tool for guiding experimental inquiry and for interpreting results in developmental psychology, cognitive neuropsychology, psychometrics, social psychology, and studies of adult judgment. Using Bayes net techniques, Glymour suggests novel experiments to distinguish among theories of human causal learning and reanalyzes various experimental results that have been interpreted or misinterpreted—without the benefit of Bayes nets and graphical causal models. The capstone illustration is an analysis of the methods used in Herrnstein and Murray's book The Bell Curve; Glymour argues that new, more reliable methods of data analysis, based on Bayes nets representations, would lead to very different conclusions from those advocated by Herrnstein and Murray.
Causation, Prediction, and Search, Second Edition
Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines 2001
The authors address the assumptions and methods that allow us to turn observations into causal knowledge, and use even incomplete causal knowledge in planning and prediction to influence and control our environment.
What assumptions and methods allow us to turn observations into causal knowledge, and how can even incomplete causal knowledge be used in planning and prediction to influence and control our environment? In this book Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines address these questions using the formalism of Bayes networks, with results that have been applied in diverse areas of research in the social, behavioral, and physical sciences.
The authors show that although experimental and observational study designs may not always permit the same inferences, they are subject to uniform principles. They axiomatize the connection between causal structure and probabilistic independence, explore several varieties of causal indistinguishability, formulate a theory of manipulation, and develop asymptotically reliable procedures for searching over equivalence classes of causal models, including models of categorical data and structural equation models with and without latent variables.
The authors show that the relationship between causality and probability can also help to clarify such diverse topics in statistics as the comparative power of experimentation versus observation, Simpson's paradox, errors in regression models, retrospective versus prospective sampling, and variable selection.
The second edition contains a new introduction and an extensive survey of advances and applications that have appeared since the first edition was published in 1993.
Computation, Causation, and Discovery
Gregory F. Cooper and Clark Glymour 1999
In science, business, and policymaking—anywhere data are used in prediction—two sorts of problems requiring very different methods of analysis often arise. The first, problems of recognition and classification, concerns learning how to use some features of a system to accurately predict other features of that system. The second, problems of causal discovery, concerns learning how to predict those changes to some features of a system that will result if an intervention changes other features. This book is about the second—much more difficult—type of problem.
Typical problems of causal discovery are: How will a change in commission rates affect the total sales of a company? How will a reduction in cigarette smoking among older smokers affect their life expectancy? How will a change in the formula a college uses to award scholarships affect its dropout rate? These sorts of changes are interventions that directly alter some features of the system and perhaps—and this is the question—indirectly alter others.
The contributors discuss recent research and applications using Bayes nets or directed graphic representations, including representations of feedback or "recursive" systems. The book contains a thorough discussion of foundational issues, algorithms, proof techniques, and applications to economics, physics, biology, educational research, and other areas.
Android Epistemology
Android epistemology is the exploration of the space of possible machines and their capacities for knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, desires, and for action in accord with their mental states.
Thinking Things Through
Thinking Things Through provides a broad, historical, and rigorous introduction to the logical tradition in philosophy and to its contemporary significance. The presentation is centered around three of the most fruitful issues in Western thought: What are proofs, and why do they provide knowledge? How can experience be used to gain knowledge or to alter beliefs in a rational way? What is the nature of mind and of mental events and mental states? In a clear and lively style, Glymour describes these key philosophical problems and traces attempts to solve them, from ancient Greece to the present.
Thinking Things Through reveals the philosophical sources of modern work in logic, the theory of computation, Bayesian statistics, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, and it connects these subjects with contemporary problems in epistemology and metaphysics. The text is full of examples and problems, and an instructor's manual is available.
Foundational Issues in Human Brain Mapping
Stephen José Hanson and Martin Bunzl 2010
Neuroimagers and philosophers of mind explore critical issues and controversies that have arisen from the use of brain mapping in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive science.
The field of neuroimaging has reached a watershed. Brain imaging research has been the source of many advances in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive science over the last decade, but recent critiques and emerging trends are raising foundational issues of methodology, measurement, and theory. Indeed, concerns over interpretation of brain maps have created serious controversies in social neuroscience, and, more important, point to a larger set of issues that lie at the heart of the entire brain mapping enterprise. In this volume, leading scholars—neuroimagers and philosophers of mind—reexamine these central issues and explore current controversies that have arisen in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, and signal processing. The contributors address both statistical and dynamical analysis and modeling of neuroimaging data and interpretation, discussing localization, modularity, and neuroimagers' tacit assumptions about how these two phenomena are related; controversies over correlation of fMRI data and social attributions (recently characterized for good or ill as "voodoo correlations"); and the standard inferential design approach in neuroimaging. Finally, the contributors take a more philosophical perspective, considering the nature of measurement in brain imaging, and offer a framework for novel neuroimaging data structures (effective and functional connectivity—"graphs").
Contributors William Bechtel, Bharat Biswal, Matthew Brett, Martin Bunzl, Max Coltheart, Karl J. Friston, Joy J. Geng, Clark Glymour, Kalanit Grill-Spector, Stephen José Hanson, Trevor Harley, Gilbert Harman, James V. Haxby, Rik N. Henson, Nancy Kanwisher, Colin Klein, Richard Loosemore, Sébastien Meriaux, Chris Mole, Jeanette A. Mumford, Russell A. Poldrack, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Richard C. Richardson, Alexis Roche, Adina L. Roskies, Pia Rotshtein, Rebecca Saxe, Philipp Sterzer, Bertrand Thirion, Edward Vul

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Purchasing a puppy from a breeder can easily cost several hundreds or even thousands of dollars, depending on the breed. Rescuing a dog, on the other hand, could be free or cost a couple of hundred dollars at most. At the very least, you'll know that any money you pay to a dog shelter when rescuing a dog will be put to good use, providing facilities for other dogs in need of a good home.
Cost savings of rescuing a dog rather than buying a new puppy don't just extend to the initial cost of the dog. When you bring a new puppy into your home, that's when the bills start coming in. Puppy vaccinations will see you at your vet's office on a regular basis while your puppy is little, and your new little addition will also need microchipping as soon as possible, and to be spayed or neutered when they reach the right age.
Rescuing a dog from a shelter is a simple way of saving on those initial expenses that come with a new puppy. Most shelter dogs will be completely up-to-date with their vaccinations and other veterinary needs, and will already be spayed or neutered and microchipped. All you'll need to do is update the microchip details once you bring your new rescue dog home, and then continue with their vaccinations in the future.
For some people, the initial adorable puppy stage is one of the biggest drawcards of bringing a new dog into your home. However, the adorable faces and cute, chubby paws quickly lose their appeal when your puppy cries through the night, has accidents all over the house, and systematically chews their way through all your shoes and furniture. The cold reality of life with a brand-new puppy may turn some people off the idea of adding a dog to their family altogether.
The ability to skip the puppy stage altogether is, for some people, one of the biggest questions to consider when deciding whether to choose a dog who has been rescued or bred.
When you rescue a dog, you'll have your choice of dogs of all ages and at all stages of life. You don't have to choose a senior dog if you don't want to, but you could save yourself the woes of life with a brand-new puppy by rescuing a dog between six months and two years of age. Dogs of this age are most likely already toilet trained, and even if they aren't, they're mature and calm enough to pick up the lessons quickly and easily.
Some shelter dogs will have already been partly trained and be able to walk nicely on a leash, making it much easier for you to bond with your new dog. If you picture cuddles on the couch, long relaxing walks, and a companion who will easily slot into your existing family routine, adopting a slightly older dog from a shelter could be a much better option than starting from scratch with a brand-new puppy.
When you purchase a new puppy, there is no real way of knowing exactly what your dog is going to look like when they're grown or what their temperament is going to be. While some of these traits are inherited from their parents and are specific to their breed, each dog is an individual and most litters will produce a dog that is shyer and quieter than the others, and another dog that is a natural-born leader. When you're choosing a puppy, you're really rolling the dice as to what type of temperament you're getting.
Rescuing a dog from a shelter, however, gives you the opportunity to get to know your dog and understand their personality before committing to adopting them. Most dogs are fully grown well before they're a year old, so even if you rescue a relatively young dog you'll still know exactly what size dog you're getting.
The staff and volunteers at the shelter will be able to give you a good idea of the dog's temperament, so you'll know exactly what you're dealing with and whether you're equipped to take on any particular issues that the dog may have. If you're happy to welcome a shyer or more timid dog into your home, you can work together to build your dog's confidence. But that is a decision that you should be able to make in advance, rather than taking a new puppy and being surprised at an unexpected temperament as the puppy matures.
While it's certainly possible to adopt a purebred dog from a shelter, the majority of rescue dogs are mixed breeds. Unfortunately, for various reasons, purebred dogs tend to be more likely to develop health problems throughout their lives whereas mixed breeds tend to be more resilient and less likely to suffer from health problems. While this is, of course, a generalization and there is no way of predicting the future healthfulness of your dog, you may be able to save yourself some future heartache (and vet bills) by rescuing a mixed breed rather than purchasing a purebred puppy.
Nothing can beat the feeling that comes with rescuing a dog from a shelter, knowing that you're giving an innocent dog a much-needed second chance. When you choose to adopt, not only are you saving the life of the dog you choose, you're also potentially saving the life of another unknown dog who can take your dog's place in the shelter.
It is common knowledge that pets can help us with stress and anxiety, but the feelings you'll have in knowing that you saved an innocent dog's life by welcoming them into your family will be unlike any other.
And while any dog will show love and affection to their human family members, rescue dogs will bring a sense of deep gratitude to the relationship that you simply won't get if you purchase a puppy from a breeder.
Just as no two people are the same, no two rescue dogs will ever be the same. Some rescue dogs need a new home because of behavioral or socialization problems, and these are the shelter dogs that you're most likely to hear about from friends or on the news. But the majority of dogs serving time in a shelter are there through no fault of their own – perhaps because their previous owners were not equipped to deal with the ongoing demands of a pet, their owners moved away, or due to a death or other major event.
These dogs deserve a second chance at a happy and fulfilling life. They certainly don't deserve to spend the rest of their days waiting patiently to be rescued from a dog shelter. You have an amazing opportunity to do something wonderful for you and your family by rescuing a dog who will undoubtedly bring a lot of joy and happiness to your home.
James Woller is a long-time dog enthusiast, and owner of Release the Hounds and Jet Pet Resort, professional dog walking and boarding companies in Vancouver, Canada. On his days off from running his companies, he enjoys learning and writing about topics that are of interest to caring pet owners.
Well, discussion about rescuing dog before buying. Most of the dog lovers face a little bit confused that, buying new ones or rescue any breed. I hope this content remove all of the confusion and take the correct decision before buying a new breed. First, of thing we save money but I have some question about that? Is rescue dog pure healthy or there was a face health issue.


One Stop's franchise model is going from strength to strength, with stores showing like for like sales growth of more than 9% in the year to date.
Footfall and basket spend in stores which have been trading for more than a year are also up by 4% and 7.4% respectively.
There are now more than 100 franchise stores operating just 15 months since the full roll-out of the operation.
Stores that have switched to the One Stop Franchise model are also showing turnover increases of 18% on their pre-refit figures - excluding seasonality.
These upturns are generally an additional boost to a store's turnover, having already implemented One Stop's promotions and ways of working during the transition period building up to a refit, One Stop Franchise director Andrew King said.
"The figures speak for themselves and support the business decision our franchisees have made in joining One Stop," he added.
Sarjit Dhillon of One Stop's franchise store in Alderman's Green, Coventry, has seen his turnover rise by 70% following his move to One Stop and a store extension and refit.
"Our turnover has increased and continues to build steadily. 15% of the sales growth actually came during our transition period, so it was purely down to the promotions being implemented, as well as the gradual introduction of our new product range.
"However things really took off once the store was refitted. Our sales shot up by a further 40% in the first week alone and are still growing," he said.
One Stop has opened its first in-store Subway concessions in the space of 24 hours, with the first appearing in a franchise store.
One Stop now has 100 franchise stores just 15 months since the full roll-out of the operation.


Come be a part of our largest Elementary event and fundraiser of the year!
We had a record number of Sponsors last year. Help us exceed that number this year!
2) The class that collects the most donations will celebrate at Chuck E. Cheese!
Thank you for your support of Valley Christian Elementary!


The case was brought to the ECJ by a hockey club claiming they should not have to pay VAT on affiliation fees to England Hockey. The ECJ ruled that subscriptions paid to non-profit making umbrella sports associations should not be subject to VAT merely because the members were sports clubs rather than individual persons taking part in sports.
A spokesperson for British Cycling explained that individuals taking out membership with British Cycling are not paying VAT on their fees, but clubs affiliated with BC are paying that VAT.
"At the moment we're not sure how relevant it is to British Cycling, we're taking advice from our VAT accountants," he said.
HMRC could now be could be liable to re- pay 3 years+ VAT on affiliation fees to clubs and associations.


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Objective: The student will discuss how attitudes towards racism and sexism changed during the sixties using the characters in The Help as examples.
An aspiring author during the civil rights movement of the 1960s decides to write a book detailing the African-American maids' point of view on the white families for which they work, and the hardships they go through on a daily basis.
1) What is racism?
2) What is sexism?
3) Does Eugenia "Skeeter" Phelan change her views about race and gender roles? How? Why?
4) Does Aibileen Clark change her views about race and gender roles? How? Why?
5) Does Hilly Holbrook change her views about race and gender roles? How? Why?
6) Does Minny Jackson change her views about race and gender roles? How? Why?
7) Does Celia Foote change her views about race and gender roles? How? Why?
White trash
8) The film takes place in 1963. What happened in 1963 that affected the characters in the movie?
Top 10 Political Assassinations of the 20th Century
9) What was the Counterculture of the 1960s in the US?
Beatniks, Hippies and Free Love – The Counterculture l THE COLD WAR
Worksheet at Scribd:
Wikipedia Entry


It's hard to imagine a world where the Duchess of Sussex isn't a glossy, perfectly put-together royal who has the world's press reporting on her every style move. But, once upon a time, before she became a duchess, and even before she landed her breakout role in Suits, a young Meghan Markle went to theatre school, like so many of her acting contemporaries.
American actress Katharine McPhee reminded us of this in the ultimate #TBT when she posted an Instagram of the two of them from their school days. They used to act in musicals together, and she joked that their lives had basically ended up the same anyway.
"Meghan and I did musicals together as kids," she captioned the Insta. "She grew up to be the Duchess of Sussex and I grew up to star on the West End, so same life if you ask me. #TBT"
Given that Katharine is coming to London's West End to star in the musical Waitress next month, perhaps the pair are planning a catch up. Or perhaps the opening night will have a royal guest in the audience.


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Thinking About Adopting a Pet? Subaru and the Chicago Auto Show Have Furry Friends on Site
Heading to the Chicago Auto Show this weekend? Subaru is hosting a pet adoption event at their exhibit on the show floor.
Kristin Shaw February 11, 2019
Watching the Super Bowl? Don't Miss These Commercials from Automotive Stars
Are you ready for the big game's automotive commercials? We have your watching list here.
Our Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Story Featured by TODAY Parenting!
As an automobile fanatic, and one who historically prefers fast cars and big trucks to small cars and vans, a minivan didn't excite me. We had a few vans when I was a kid, plus a station wagon, and although the memories of that time period were good, there was no love in my heart for the vehicles themselves.
It was my nine-year-old son, accompanying me to a local auto show, who turned my head toward the possibilities.
Why Are Today's Cars Safer? In part, It's as Simple as ABC: Air bags, Belts, and Chassis.
You may think the "land yachts" of past eras were safer than cars of today. In fact, today's vehicles are much safer, and it has a lot to do with the structure of the vehicle itself, under the skin.
Kristin Shaw January 27, 2019
The 2019 Houston Auto Show's Roshelle Salinas and Team Launch Havana Nights Public Gala and More
This year, Roshelle Salinas and team added a new element to the Houston Auto Show: a public preview gala. Proceeds from the Havana Nights-themed party benefit Texas Children's Hospital. In past years, the preview party was invite only.
Do Your Kids Attend a LAUSD School? Petersen Automotive Museum is Offering Free Admission
The Petersen Automotive Museum has announced it will offer free admission to LAUSD students Monday through Friday until February 2, 2019. Students will have the opportunity to enjoy special programming in the Rob and Melani Walton Discovery Center and throughout the museum.


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Brian Leetch retires from NHL
NEW YORK, May 24 (UPI) -- Two-time Norris Trophy winner Brian Leetch is retiring, ending an 18-year career in the National Hockey League.
Leetch played for the New York Rangers for more than 16 seasons and is the team record-holder for goals, assists and points by a defenseman. He scored 247 goals and was credited with 781 assists over 1,205 games.
Leetch, a 39-year-old native of Corpus Christi, Texas, was drafted by Rangers in 1986 and made his NHL debut on Feb. 29, 1988. He played with New York until he was traded to Toronto prior to the 2004-05 season, which was canceled. He signed with Boston and played one season. He didn't play this past year.
"I have been fortunate to be an NHL player since 1988," said Leetch in a statement released Thursday. "I missed being in the NHL this past season but believe it was the right time for me to stop playing."
Leetch won the Norris Trophy, given to the top defenseman in the NHL, in 1992 and 1997. He was voted the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff most valuable player in the Rangers' Stanley Cup championship run in 1994.
Brian Leetch


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Entry to Madras HC will be frisked by CISF from Today : Registrar issues Public Notice.
Registrar of the Madras High Court has issued a Public notice which said that every entry to the High Court is going to be frisked by the CISF personnel from today. The entry to the High Court will not be easy as it was till yesterday.
The officers and staff members of the High Court are expected to enter the building through South Gate, whereas all other gates are open for Advocates to enter. The visitors and litigants should take entry passes and could enter only through the entry points located near the Court of Small causes building. Separate places are allotted for parking Vehicles of Advocates and officers and staff members of the High Court. The Public notice also says that every entry to the High Court will be frisked by the CISF personnel.
Reportedly, he Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), already conducted a mock drill, two days before the HC deadline ends, as it wants to ensure a fool proof system is in place. November 16 was the deadline fixed by the High Court for the CISF to take over security of the Madras High Court, and around 250 personnel, including 20 women, have already arrived.
In September, a group of lawyers and 'civilians' had staged a sit-in protest inside the court hall demanding conduct of proceedings in Tamil. Pursuant to that incident, Chief Justice S K Kaul and Justice T S Sivagnanam had ordered the State government to provide CISF or a similar force's security cover to the Madras High Court's principal seat in Chennai and bench at Madurai. The First bench of Madras HC had observed "The judges must feel secure while administering justice and thus, proper security has to be arranged to prevent such incidents, which not only disrupt the functioning of the court but can result in security breaches when courts are concerned with sensitive matters, especially a court like the present High Court and its Bench".


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Q: Converting HTML table over to Divs I have had a good start at geting my codeded table turned over from a table to Div setup but some where in this part right here it seems to be having a problem.  This is what the site should look like:  http://db.tt/YeUZiiBy.
Here is the code and CSS Link:  http://jsfiddle.net/8WKR9/1/.
Here is my HTML `

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A: I think you had the right idea with the mark up but needed some work on the CSS side of things. The key is to clear your floats or else it the item will go to the next available place. I suggest doing a bit more reading on floating and how they effect block elements and the parent element.
I've done a quick 'bare bones' example for you that you should be able to adapt.
http://jsfiddle.net/ZbfXU/2/

A: Try setup height in tag img
.item > img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}

A: you could use max-width and/or max-height on your img tags to make sure they keep ratio instead of transforming.

A: Go through your code and tidy it up, you've got the right idea of separating into rows then using divs within each row.
Here's one I very quickly mocked up, http://jsfiddle.net/8WKR9/5/ 1st and 3rd height are the same and 2nd and 4th are the same, i'm not getting any display errors so probably best going through your HTML & CSS and tidying it up, that way you can see what each part is doing and work out where it's going wrong, rather than try and find a quick fix, it'll also make your code cleaner and easier to read.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nepal is basically a mountainous country having eight (out of 10) of the highest peaks in the world. Some peaks (including Mt. Annapurna, Mt. Fistail, Mt. Lamjung) can be visualized from the symposium venue. Several mountain flights are available upon the visitors' interest at Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu. Similarly, as Chitwan district is a wildlife hub, participants can enjoy visiting Chitwan National Park, Elephant breeding center, Crocodile breeding center, Jungle safari, Elephant ride, Canoeing etc. Please contact your hotel directly or the Conference Secretariat can assist booking for these additional attractions. Besides, the symposium date is accompanied with Nepalese greatest festivals including Dashain (Dashara) and Deepawali (Diwali, festival of light); the participants can enjoy these festivals if Nepal trip is scheduled for October 6 to 29, 2019.


A living room is relatively a new term in the home industry. This room is commonly addressed as the sitting room, lounge or lounge and is generally used by the house owner and his family members for relaxation, entertainment and recreation. The living room is a versatile room and is also used for other activities such as watching television, reading books, gossiping with family members, spending time with children, drinking, eating and many more casual activities.
Vastu for Living Room is a methodical knowledge bestowed upon us by our seers. The principles laid down by this system can be cleverly incorporated in creating and designing beautiful modern-day living rooms which can make our lives healthier and more meaningful. The living room is an important component of the house, which makes the house favourable or unfavourable for residence. It is that part of the house where the members spend a lot of time and which is also used to entertain guests.
The living room is always the center of the house and each one of us wants to decorate it in the best possible manner. But it is not just about decor and style; the room has to give a warm and comfort feel as well. Therefore, it is extremely important to do a careful setting of your Living Room, so that it exudes positive energy and fosters healthy relationships.
Here are some valuable vastu tips to plan your living room in the best way possible. Follow the advice given to keep your living room a positive and happy place.
North-west location:The north-west quadrant, belonging to the element of air, is an ideal location for the living room, that is, if you want to avoid late night parties, get-togethers, etc. This quadrant indicates movement and makes guests restless, encouraging them to leave.
North-east location:This makes the living room a storehouse of positive energy and bestows the users with serenity and mental peace.
Northern location:This quadrant of wealth and health adds a congenial ambience to the room and infuses it with positive vibrations.
South-west location:This attracts guests like flies to sugar! Since this corner makes one feel quite at home, the guests may become pests. However, this quadrant is favourable for the occupants.
Never have beam or girder running along the ceiling of the living room, since sitting under one causes mental turmoil and stress.
Colour the walls with either white or light green as this promotes a sense of togetherness and affection between the guests and occupants. Do not use dark shades except on the east wall.
Use light curtains on the windows and doors in the north-east wall and heavy curtains for the south-west wall of the living room.
Keep some space in the north-east corner of the living room. Ensure that it remains clean and clutter-free. Enhance the tranquility of this space by placing a few potted plants.
Place television and air conditioner in the south-east or the agni corner.
To generate positive energy and elevate the mood, display paintings depicting beauty of nature or scenery that adds tranquility to the room. Avoid disturbing pictures of war, wild animals, horror, etc. and even those of the deceased family members.
Never display artificial flowers as it is deemed inauspicious. Even dried flowers attract misfortune as they represent the autumn season. Also, never keep cacti or bonsai as they have a negative impact on the careers and financial prospects of the occupants.
Hang heavy chandelier in the south or west of the room. Avoid hanging it in the exact centre (Brahmsthan). The living room should be lit brightly.
Seat the guests in the north-west portion of the room. This quadrant of air and movement ensures that they do not overstay their welcome!
The perfect location of a living room is essentially based on the direction your house faces. The living room can be constructed in the northeast for a house that faces north or east. For a house which faces west, the living room must be in the northwest direction. For a south facing house, southeast is the best direction. Similarly, a living room can be in the central west, central east, and central south or central north of a house.
Chandelier A little towards the west, never at the centre.
Choose light colors over the darker ones. This is because lighter tones help brighten up the mood and spread the feeling of warmth.
The head of the family or house and his life partner must sit in the southwestern corner of the living room, facing north-east or east. This ensures strength and positivity.
The guests must always be seated in the southeast or northwest. The seating for the guests must be done in such a way that they face west or south.
Also as per vastu for house, there must be more open space in the eastern and northern corners.


PATNA: The number of land registrations has dropped significantly in the Patna district since the demonetisation of old Rs500 and Rs1000 notes on November 8. Data from the registry office reveal almost 40% decline in the number of registrations of immovable properties in November, compared to the corresponding month last year.
Altogether 3,284 flats and plots of land were registered in Patna district this November. The data of November 2015 stands at 5,318. The maximum fall could be seen in the developing areas like Barh, Masaurhi, Bikram and Phulwarisharif, where people invested because of the availability of land. The number of property registrations in Patna sadar was 875 this November, compared to 900 last November.
In Barh, only 378 properties were registered last month, compared to 620 in November 2015. Similarly, a sharp fall was registered in Masaurhi with 349 less registrations in November compared to the previous year. In Bikram, too, 670 immovable properties were registered in November last year compared to 380 this year. Somewhat similar was the condition in Phulwarisharif where 380 properties were registered this November against last year's 851.
"The drastic fall in the number of registrations is mainly because of cash crunch. With little or no money in hand, how can people purchase property? Also, the actual money paid is always higher than the amount indicated in the minimum value register (MVR) fixed by the government and the extra amount is always paid in cash. It is not feasible to purchase immovable property right now," said a district administration official.
This year, the revenue generated per deed on an average was around Rs1 lakh. However, it was around Rs76,000 last year — extra earning of around Rs24,000. The extra earning per deed was because of increase in the MVR between 10 to 22%. However, in spite of the increase in the MVR this year, the revenue generated was around Rs35 crore, Rs5 crore less than in November 2015.


Set high above the Costa del Sol, at the north-western end of Málaga province, Ronda epitomises the best of two worlds. On the one hand… its venerable history, dramatic scenery and grand architecture encapsulated by the iconic Puente Nuevo (New Bridge). Spanning the plunging El Tajo gorge, with the River Guadalevén meandering through the valley nearly 100 metres below, Ronda delivers some of the most awe-inspiring views seen anywhere in Spain.
And then there is modern-day Ronda… The road journey to Ronda from the coast is a winding and gently escalating route – a picturesque joy for many but something of an ordeal for vertigo-sufferers – and the verdant lower terrain is home to some of Andalucía's most exclusive gated developments, wonderfully juxtaposed by the intermittent presence of goat herders transiting their livestock from one valley to the next.
As you travel higher, the Mediterranean disappears from view and the landscape turns almost lunar-like as you approach the heart of the mountain range and, eventually, the stunning Sierra de Grazalema.
Once in town, Ronda's location is a veritable paradise for sightseers, provided you have a head for heights.
In addition to the cavernous El Tajo, Ronda has several other viewing platforms that provide breathtaking views of the surrounding plains and distant mountains, as well as attractive plazas, boutique-lined streets and bars, restaurants and tapas establishments. Just about everything, in fact, that you would be able to find along the coast. The difference here is that you have mountains rather than beach and sea – and far fewer expats (apart from the tourists).
There is much to see and do in Ronda, despite its relatively small size. Your days can be filled hiking in the hills, shopping in the centre, sipping coffee from the numerous vantage points that overlook the gorge, or simply enjoying a diverse array of leisure activities.
If you are comfortable with the "cultural experience" of bullfighting, the famous bullring is worth a visit out of season so you can go behind the scenes and understand the history of the pastime.
Beyond the town are 52,000 hectares of lush, rugged and varied terrain to traverse in the Sierra de Grazalema, the fertile land that rings Ronda city and divides the highlands of the southern Andalucian plateau between Sevilla, Ronda and El Bosque.
Reaching heights of 1,600 metres above sea level, this wild and undulating terrain is home to very few humans, but plenty of flora and fauna, including some of the most impressive examples of birds of prey found anywhere in Europe. Soaring and circling high above the Sierra de Grazalema are lion buzzards, black vultures, ospreys and eagles.
In Ronda, you are just within reach of Marbella and Puerto Banús if you fancy a night out on the coast, but it's a longish, awkward drive back. For something a little more traditional and not requiring a car, Ronda itself has an excellent selection of restaurants serving all manner of cuisine from around the world. Many of the local delicacies differ from the light, seafood-inspired dishes found along the coast; here, the often hardy winters mean that dishes can be heavier and richer, but well worth experiencing.
With its small expat population, Ronda also offers the opportunity of enjoying Andalucian-style evening revelry. That means heading out to a bar at around 11pm, enjoying a couple of small beers or wines and maybe a gin tonic, then moving on to a louder (and often garish) club to continue until the early hours.


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Der Palmengarten ist eine 22,5 Hektar große Parkanlage in Leipzig-Lindenau.

Lage
Der Palmengarten liegt etwa zwei Kilometer westlich des Leipziger Stadtzentrums. Er wird im Norden von der Jahnallee, im Osten vom Richard-Wagner-Hain, im Süden von der Karl-Heine-Straße und im Westen von der Kleinen Luppe und der Bowmanstraße begrenzt. Bis zu seiner Verfüllung um 1920 bildete das Kuhburger Wasser anstelle der Bowmanstraße die Westgrenze des Leipziger Palmengartens.

Geschichte

Das Gelände des Parks am Westufer der Elster-Pleiße-Aue war ursprünglich Bestandteil des Leipziger Auenwaldes. Nachdem im Jahr 1893 im Nordteil des späteren Parks anlässlich des 50-jährigen Bestehens des Leipziger Gärtner-Vereins die Internationale Gartenbauausstellung stattfand, wurde ein Wettbewerb zur Schaffung eines Palmengartens nach Vorbild des Frankfurter Palmengartens ausgeschrieben. Der Wettbewerb wurde von dem Frankfurter Gartentechniker Eduard May gewonnen. Der Lindenauer Gärtnereibesitzer Otto Moßdorf, der bereits das Gelände der Gartenbauausstellung gestaltet und im Wettbewerb den zweiten Platz belegt hatte, wurde anschließend mit der Umsetzung des Siegerentwurfs beauftragt. Zur Realisierung des Projekts wurde 1896 eine Aktiengesellschaft gegründet, die das Hauptgelände von der Stadt pachtete und den südöstlich gelegenen Ritterwerder – den späteren Klingerhain – kaufte.

Am 29. April 1899 wurde der Palmengarten mit einer Festrede des Oberbürgermeisters Otto Georgi feierlich eröffnet. Er war zunächst als "vornehmste Erholungsstätte Leipzigs" nur den "höheren Kreisen" vorbehalten. Namensgebend für den Park und zugleich Besuchermagnet war das Gesellschafts- und Konzerthaus nach Entwürfen des Leipziger Architekturbüros Schmidt & Johlige. Dieses befand sich im nordöstlichen Teil des Parks. Südlich davon befand sich in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft das Palmenhaus, das auf einer Innenfläche von 1.280 m² Palmen und andere tropische Pflanzen beherbergte. Südöstlich des früheren Gebäudeensembles befindet sich ein 11.050 m² großer Teich. In seinem nördlichen Teil befindet sich eine Insel, die vom Hauptweg des Parks gequert wird. Am Ostufer des Teiches befindet sich seit 1897 ein gusseiserner Pavillon, der während der Sächsisch-Thüringischen Industrie- und Gewerbe-Ausstellung zunächst im König-Albert-Park stand. Von 1900 bis zu ihrem Abbau für die Metallspende des deutschen Volkes 1942 stand im Park die Bronzestatue Manon Lescaut des französischen Bildhauers Antonin Mercié (1845–1916).

Am 15. Oktober 1901 ereignete sich im großen Saal des Gesellschaftshauses ein folgenschweres Unglück. Während eines öffentlichen Konzertes löste sich ein mehrere Meter langer und etwa 50 Kilogramm schwerer Stuckstreifen von der Decke und fiel von 14 Metern Höhe auf die Konzertbesucher herab. Dabei wurde eine 16-jährige Stettinerin getötet, zwei Leipziger Konzertbesucherinnen verletzt. In den folgenden Jahren kam es zu Klageerhebungen der beiden Leipzigerinnen gegen die Aktiengesellschaft des Palmengartens, die Architekten Arthur Johlige und August Hermann Schmidt, die Stadt Leipzig (als baupolizeiliche Aufsicht) und gegen Hermann Knauer als Geschäftsführer des ausführenden Berliner Bauunternehmens Boswau & Knauer. Die Prozesse fanden am Landgericht Leipzig und am Oberlandesgericht Dresden statt, die Revisionen am Reichsgericht. Teilweise wurden die Klagen zurückgewiesen, teilweise die Prozesse durch Vergleiche beendet.

Im Gesellschaftshaus des Palmengarten wurde am 13. Februar 1909 der Richard-Wagner-Verband Deutscher Frauen gegründet. 1921 wurde das Gelände von der Stadt Leipzig übernommen. Aus finanziellen Gründen wurde der Palmengarten 1936 auf das Gebiet nördlich der Elster verkleinert. Dazu wurde die bis dahin an der Plagwitzer Straße bestehende Mauer abgebrochen und hinter der Klingerhainbrücke ein Kassenhäuschen errichtet. Damit war der Klingerhain frei zugänglich. Da im Jahr 1940 auf dem Gelände des Palmengartens die Gutenberg-Reichsausstellung stattfinden sollte, wurden das Gesellschafts- und Palmenhaus am 10. Januar 1939 gesprengt. Der Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs verhinderte schließlich die Durchführung der Ausstellung.

1955 wurde der Palmengarten mit dem König-Albert-Park, dem Johannapark und dem Scheibenholzpark zum Clara-Zetkin-Park zusammengefasst. Seit April 2011 trägt der Park auch offiziell wieder den alten Namen Palmengarten.

Der Palmengarten beherbergt eine Vielzahl dendrologisch wertvoller und besonderer Gehölze, die zu großen Teilen aus der 1960 aufgelösten Baumschule des Botanischen Gartens stammen.

Im Oktober 2009 öffnete das Revuetheater Am Palmengarten mit einem Saal für bis zu 150 Personen; es entstand durch Umbau des unter Denkmalschutz stehenden Gebäudes einer Gastankstelle aus dem Jahr 1944. Im März 2018 stellte das Theater seinen Spielbetrieb ein.

Literatur
 Hans-Joachim Hädicke: Von der Viehweide zum Landschaftsgarten. Die Geschichte des Palmengartens begann mit der Internationalen Jubiläumsgartenbauausstellung 1893. Leipziger Blätter 37 (2000), , S. 40–43.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Parkanlage in Leipzig
Denkmalgeschützte Sachgesamtheit in Leipzig

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Once a stately apartment building overlooking Hyde Park and Marble Arch, the 5-star London Marriott Hotel Park Lane is now one of the leading luxury hotels in London. A quick stroll from celebrated landmarks, famed theatres, grand department stores and the charming shops of Mayfair and Oxford Street, our hotel in Park Lane, London exude the intimate air of a boutique hotel, from the sleek lobby scented by exotic flowers, to elegant guest rooms appointed with luxurious new bedding, sumptuous bathrooms and high-speed Internet access - Complimentary in suites. Enjoy culinary surprises with innovative cuisine at the 2 AA Rosette 140 Park Lane Restaurant and Bar. Master the art of relaxation at our hotel, with a stunning indoor pool and well-equipped fitness centre awaiting your arrival. The luxury 5 Star London Marriott Park Lane offers guests free Wi-Fi Internet access in all lobby and restaurant areas.


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Phoenix Theater
Save the Phoenix Theater!
Posted by: charlie on Nov 2, 2018 | Comments (0)
From opera house to movie theater to rock and roll venue and teen center, the Phoenix Theater in downtown Petaluma has become an institution and invaluable community resource in Sonoma County. Now, the venue needs the community's help to stay open.
Recently, the Phoenix was given notice by the city that a modern sprinkler system would have to be installed by next April to keep operating. In addition, the century-old building has long needed a new roof, and now the two combined expenses threaten to be more than the venue can handle.
Thankfully, the community has already come out to help the space remain open, with recent donations including $50k raised from this year's Lagunitas Beer Circus, $50k donated from Petaluma Market and $40k coming from an anonymous source. But, there's still a long way to go.
Yesterday, the Phoenix launched a GoFundMe crowdsourcing fundraiser for the $250k that's still needed to safely and quickly make the necessary repairs and infrastructure updates. In less than a day, the GoFundMe has already topped $10k in donations and is trending on the website. Now, it's time for the whole community to come out and lend a hand. Click here to help save the Phoenix Theater, and read the full statement from Phoenix booking manger Jim Agius below.
Watch Lungs and Limbs Cover Tears for Fears
Posted by: charlie on Sep 14, 2016 | Comments (0)
Onstage with Jim and Tom continues to be one of the most entertaining musical series in the North Bay, a combination of interviews and performances that take place at the historic Phoenix Theater in Petaluma, hosted by Phoenix manager Tom Gaffey and music booker Jim Agius. Featuring an eclectic and talented array of North Bay musicians and bands, the video podcast always entertains.
Recent episode with rising indie pop stars Lungs and Limbs is no exception, and this week, Onstage shared a video of the band covering one of the greatest '80s songs ever, "Everybody Wants to Rule the World," by Tears for Fears. Watch the video above and marvel at the spot-on guitars by Nick Tudor, sultry vocals by Karina Rousseau and fuzzed-out backbeat by drummer Matt Power and bassist Chris Casey.
For more Onstage antics, click the link here.
Soulfly Lands in Petaluma
Posted by: charlie on Dec 10, 2015 | Comments (0)
If you're a fan of hardcore metal, you ought to know the name Max Cavalera. The Brazilian-born guitarist, singer and heavy metal icon has been in the business of melting faces and blowing out eardrums since he formed the infamous Sepultura back in 1984. His signature four-string guitar riffs and shamanistic growl have influenced countless acts in the last 30 years, and today Cavalera continues to innovate with his eclectic heavy metal band Soulfy, playing tomorrow, Dec 11, at the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma.
Sine 1997, Soulfly has explored highly spiritual themes with biblically heavy music. Their latest, 2015's Archangel, is their most focused to date. Streamlined songs pour from the band on their tenth full-length, incorporating seemingly divisive elements such as grind and thrash metal into their sophisticated arrangements. Veterans of the genre, Soulfly prove again and again that they can take hardcore metal in any direction they choose.
Sonoma County Metal & Hardcore presents Soulfly tomorrow, Dec 11, at the Phoenix Theater for an all ages show that also features local acts Thought Vomit, Vile Riot Villains, Trial By Combat and Trecelence. 201 Washington St, Petaluma. 7:30pm. $20-$22. Tickets will be available at the door.
Watch the Velvet Teen's Recent Homecoming Show in Full
Posted by: charlie on Dec 8, 2015 | Comments (0)
Onstage with Jim and Tom has long been one of my favorite podcasts and video series, focusing on local music and the historic Phoenix Theater in Petaluma, run by hosts Tom Gaffey and Jim Agius. The series incorporates interviews with local bands and live concert films, and this week the project unveiled their most ambitious concert feature yet.
Last summer, recent Norbay Music Award-winners the Velvet Teen released their long-awaited and exceptional indie rock album, All is Illusory, and toured the US; capping the trek with a massive show at the Phoenix Theater on August 22. To top it off, the Onstage film crew was there to capture the whole darn thing.
Edited by Agius and mixed by Greenhouse Recording Studio co-owner and engineer Paul Haile, this is a clean, clear and professional production that goes beyond simple recording and stands as a full-on film. And the band has never sounded better, captured here in their element, playing for the hometown crowd.
If you saw this show last summer, relive the good times. If you missed the show, now's your chance. It's well worth a watch.
Full Interview with Abiodun Oyewole of the Last Poets
Posted by: charlie on Nov 11, 2015 | Comments (0)
Abiodun Oyewole
The Last Poets are rightly called the godfathers of hip-hop. Formed in the late '60s and still very active today, the spoken word group first put rhythm to their politically-charged poems in the aftermath of the Civil Rights movement, inspiring a generation to use their voice and their words as tools of social justice.
This weekend, the Last Poets appear in a daylong spoken word workshop, showcase and performance at the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma, as a fundraiser for local radio station KWTF. In the Bohemian this week, we profiled the group and spoke with founding member Abiodun Oyewole by phone from his home in Harlem. Here is our full interview.
Bohemian: How did you first get into poetry and form the Last Poets?
Abiodun Oyewole: I got into poetry because when I was a teenager in high school, I had a liking for older girls, and when I was 15 I started getting into writing poetry to win the favors of some of these ladies.
I remember my teacher had given us an assignment to write sentences with new vocabulary words. I went to my teacher, Mrs Carpenter, and I said, 'If put these words into a poem, can I get an extra credit?' and she looked at the words and said, 'If you can put these words in a poem together and make sense, I'll give you two extra credits.' So that was the time I wrote a poem seriously. When my teacher read the poem, she looked at me and 'You are a poet, I don't know what you're going to do with it, but you have quite a gift.'
I started getting into poetry seriously when they killed Dr King. Dr King was killed April 4, 1968. And when King was killed I really kind of lost my mind, because I felt it was such an insult to black people. He was representing us, and he was nonviolent. I just felt totally offended by that.
I had a friend named David Nelson, and he made mention of the idea of starting a group of poets that would be from different walks of life, and would be an example to black people as to how much we need to come together. No matter what our particular persuasions in life are, we have the same foot on our necks, and we need to unify to get the foot off.
Lucius Teams with Lagunitas
Posted by: charlie on Oct 6, 2015 | Comments (0)
Brooklyn indie pop group Lucius has been steadily rising through the musical ranks ever since their 2013 album Wildewoman shot to tops of many critics' lists with infectious melodies and the stunning harmonies of duel vocalists Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig.
Last year, Lucius performed at Lagunitas Brewing Company in Petaluma as part of the brewery's Summer Concert Series. Apparently, that experience was so good that the band has been looking to work with Lagunitas again. Today, Lucius announced they're teaming with the North Bay brewer for a tour. From their website:
"Since playing a memorable show in Lagunitas' backyard last summer (which ended with an an audience-sourced video that captured the last song of the night), Lucius x Lagunitas has been thinking of ways to recreate that same communal feeling.
So, here we are, thrilled to announce that next month, just before Thanksgiving, Lucius x Lagunitas will team up for a week of shows in the Pacific Northwest. All tickets sales will be donated to a local nonprofit in each city.
The four-date tour hits Washington and Oregon before it concludes at the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma on November 21. The concert will be a benefit for the theater, and will boast beer sales for 21-and-over attendees, something rarely done at the venue. Tickets go on sale Friday and more info can be found here.
Click on the video below to watch that crowd-sourced video from last year's show at Lagunitas and hear why Lucius is one of the most enchanting groups performing today.
The Down House Performs "Onstage"
Posted by: charlie on Sep 8, 2015 | Comments (0)
I'm a big fan of the podcast "Onstage with Jim & Tom," hosted by Phoenix Theater music promoter Jim Agius and founder Tom Gaffey. Each week, the two sit down with a North Bay band or musician of note and chat about everything from tours and relationships to record collections and scary movies. It's always a great conversation, especially when music veteran and wordsmith Gaffey heaps praise upon the guests in lovingly extended passages.
This time around, Jim and Tom welcome to the show Santa Rosa shoegaze outfit the Down House. The band talks about what it's like having two couples in a band and the state of the North Bay hardcore scene before plugging in and performing a couple of tunes.
The Down House is made up of Casey Colby (Spirits of Leo), Cody Sullivan (Sabertooth Zombie), Sarah Sullivan, Sarah Davis and Chloe Connaughton. Gaffey calls them evocative right off the bat and the band proves why by the end, playing their dark and stylish Joy Division-inspired post-punk.
Listen to the episode below, and catch the Down House when they play the Phoenix Theater on Sunday, Sept 27, alongside State Faults, Lil Dowager and SPELLS.
Conor Oberst and M Ward to Play the Phoenix in October
Posted by: charlie on Aug 17, 2015 | Comments (0)
Over the last year, the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma has risen from the ashes of a spotty concert history and is bringing a slew of exciting and immensely popular bands to the historic venue, courtesy of booker Jim Agius.
This last summer, the venue sold out for 90's alternative act Neutral Milk Hotel, and in the last month, news of concerts from a variety of acts, like hardcore punks the Misfits and scene-shaking reggae band The Green, have further boosted the Phoenix's standings in North Bay music purveyors.
Now, the venue has announced the newest sure-to-sell-out concert to hit their calendar with Conor Oberst and M. Ward sharing the bill on a monstrous show scheduled for October 1.
Oberst first burst onto the national music scene as the wunderkind behind Omaha-based Bright Eyes. He has also played in hardcore acts like Desaparecidos and, since 2008, has produced several acclaimed albums under his own name.
M. Ward rose to prominence as a solo artist in the Portland, Oregon music scene at the turn of the century before teaming up with actress and vocalist Zooey Deschanel for the poppy indie duo She & Him. His alt-country styling and deep drawl make him an instantly recognizable voice.
Both Oberst and Ward are also part of the Monsters of Folk super group that's been on-again-off-again since 2004 and also features Jim James from My Morning Jacket.
As if these two powerhouse performers were not enough, the Felice Brothers are opening the show, offering up a country-tinged rock that was born busking the subways of New York City.
Tickets for the show are on sale now. Get yours before they go.
Conor Oberst and M. Ward perform on Thursday, Oct 1, at The Phoenix Theater, 201 Washington St, Petaluma. 8pm. $30. 707.762.3565.
The Misfits Are Coming! The Misfits Are Coming!
Posted by: charlie on Aug 4, 2015 | Comments (0)
Jerry Only of the Misfits
Get ready to celebrate Halloween twice this year, as the classic horror punk band the Misfits are scheduled to make their way to the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma on Friday, November 20.
The show is sure to sell out, so you'll want to grab tickets when they become available tomorrow, Aug 5, at 10am.
An eerie entity since their formation in 1977, the Misfits are known for their dark, raging live shows complete with handcrafted instruments, painted faces and intense visuals. Currently on their 2015 "Static Age Revisited" world tour, the band is celebrating their classic debut album Static Age, recorded in 1978 and released as singles and EPs, but unreleased in its entirety until 1997.
This year, the Misfits are playing Static Age all the way through on stage, as well as a full set of the band's fiendishly frightening catalog of classic and current material. This year, the Misfits' line up has gone generational as founding member Jerry Only (bass/vocals) is joined by his son Jerry Caiafa Jr on guitar and Eric "Chupacabra" Arce on drums.
Misfits play on Friday, November 20, at the Phoenix Theater, 201 Washington St, Petaluma. 8pm. $25. 707.762.3565. http://www.thephoenixtheater.com
Jello Rolls into the Phoenix Theater May 22
Posted by: Stett Holbrook on May 20, 2015 | Comments (0)
By Eddie Jorgensen
Jello Biafra fronted the Dead Kennedys and released some of the most ferocious, vitriol-fueled punk ever. He plays the Phoenix Theater in Petaluma this Friday.
Unlike much of the punk rock diaspora that didn't have the education or wherewithal to tackle topics like politics, organized religion and everything in between, Biafra was an anomaly. His current band features some impressive Sonoma County brethren including guitarist Ralph Spight and bassist Larry Boothroyd, both of punk trio, Victims Family. Dead Kennedys' sound, a blend of surf, rock, punk, avant-garde songs arrangements, is still alive in well but resides with Biafra rather than the members who now make a mockery of the moniker. His band today gets much more respect for remaining loyal to its mission of steering clear of corporate-sponsorship.
Dubbed by Jello himself now as "the world's greediest karaoke band" band, today's Dead Kennedys have seemingly done everything wrong since breaking up the original band. Jello, on the other hand, has been doing everything right. From his on-the-spot spoken word to his Lard project to appearances with Nomeansno, The Melvins, D.O.A. , and countless others, it would seem he can do no wrong. His band plays the DK classics along with material from their own records and are a sight and sound for sore eyes and ears. Come see for yourself.
Jello Biafra And The Guantanamo School Of Medicine play with The Vibrating Antennas and Acrylics at the Phoenix Theatre. Doors open at 7pm doors, 8pm start. Tickets are $16 advance and $18 at the door. All ages are welcome. 201 Washington St. Petaluma. 707.762.3565.
Santa Rosa (128)
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