Nestled in Vermont's Green Mountains and five minutes from the lifts of Sugarbush ski resort, you will find a distinctive and intimate Bed and Breakfast. Let the glorious Green Mountain views, rolling landscape and historic charm of our 1840's farmhouse inn rejuvenate your spirit. Skillfully prepared breakfasts and treats, the caress of fine linens and views of Vermont's snowy hills are sure to leave you feeling pampered.


Galliano hotel with a complimentary breakfast:This hotel is located in Galliano. :Days Inn Galliano La provides complimentary parking.
The Days Inn Galliano is located in Galliano, LA just 2 miles from Cut off and 20 miles from Port Fourchon Heliport. Only 30 miles to Grand Isle, 60 miles to New Orleans, 20 miles to Port Fourchon and adjacent to Air Logistics- Heliport. Our hotel is the perfect location if traveling through Southern LA. They are close to hunting and fishing and golf courses and restaurants are nearby. We offer a Complimentary Daybreak Breakfast including 2 types of pastries, assorted cereal, bagels, toast, fresh hand fruits, assorted juices, hot tea and fresh coffee along with a free newspaper. Free High Speed Internet access and free local calls are also included. Our property has interior corridors, outdoor parking and smoking and non-smoking rooms are available. Sorry pets are not allowed. The friendliest staff in Louisiana is at the Days Inn Galliano, LA.
The Days Inn Galliano is located in Galliano, just two miles from Cut off and 20 miles from Port Fourchon Heliport. The hotel is o 30 miles to Grand Isle, 60 miles to New Orleans, 20 miles to Port Fourchon, and adjacent to Air Logistics- Heliport. The property offer a complimentary daybreak breakfast including two types of pastries, assorted cereal, bagels, toast, fresh hand fruits, assorted juices, hot tea and fresh coffee along with a free newspaper. Free high speed Internet access and free local calls are also included. The property rooms are equipped with amenities like air conditioning, am/fm alarm clocks, telephones, irons, ironing boards, microwaves, refrigerators, and hairdryer.
Location. This hotel is located in Galliano. Features. Days Inn Galliano La has a seasonal outdoor pool. The property offers wireless Internet access. Guests are served a complimentary breakfast each morning. Guestrooms. Televisions are equipped with premium cable channels. Guestrooms provide free local calls and voice mail. Guestrooms feature refrigerators and coffee/tea makers. Bathrooms offer hair dryers. Additional amenities include climate control, desks, and irons/ironing boards. In addition, amenities available on request include wake-up calls. Notifications: Additional fees and deposits may be charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
This hotel is just plain nasty.
Plus the employees are just down right rude!


Built-up : 2,250 sq. ft.
** WE WILL RECOMMEND YOUR PROPERTY TO OUR INVESTOR GROUP AT KLANG VALLEY AREAS, DATABASE IS MORE THAN 10,000 INVESTORS.
** WE WILL SPREAD YOUR PROPERTY INFORMATION TO OUR IN HOUSE AGENTS(MORE THAN 100 AGENTS IN OUR AGENCY) AND OTHER BRANCHES AGENCY AGENT TO PROMOTE YOUR PROPERTY.
sell it, we will give u a call as fast as possible.


It can be challenging to fit your normal workouts into a busy summer schedule. Here at Courthouse, we offer a number of 30-minute classes that will keep your workouts on track during the summer months. Experience all of our 30-minute options on Saturday, August 4th at the Battle Creek Club.
We think you'll be pleasantly surprised (and really tired from all of the exercise)! This event will get our Launch Week off to a great start as we bring all new music and workouts to our group classes for August.


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The Aggregate Le Chatelier Samuelson Principle with Cournot Competition
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In a market in which firms have market power, the impact of a change in wages on labour demand is not easily determined. Indeed, if after a decrease in wages one firm chooses to increase labour demand for producing more, this reduces the output price; this in turn may lead other firms to decrease their production and their demand for labour. We show that this ambiguity at the firm level is likely to be resolved at the aggregate level of the industry: under some empirically testable restrictions an increase in wages is likely to trigger a decrease in labour demand. The Le Chatelier principle states that the sensitivity of input demands with respect to own price variations is smaller when the output level is held constant than when it is adjusted. It holds whether competition on the output market is perfect or imperfect, provided the production level of competitors is held constant. A first aim of this paper is to extend the Le Chatelier principle to the case where the production levels of competitors are allowed to vary. For a given level of production, a cost minimizing firm has an incentive to use more intensively the factors of production whose price decreases and to substitute the other factors by the cheaper one (substitution effect). When the firm is able to set its production level in order to maximize profit, it benefits from the factor price reduction even further (expansion effect). With a competitive output market this expansion effect leads to a further increase in the demand for the factor that becomes cheaper. With imperfect competitive output markets the direction of the effect is less clear: if all competing firms increase production to exploit the reduction in factor price, the output price must fall, and this reduces each firm's incentives to expand its level of production and factor demand. We study whether aggregate factor demands are decreasing in markets with a particular type of imperfect competition, termed Cournot competition. Despite the ambiguous result at the firm level, we show that under some conditions the aggregate expansion effect is likely to be negative. We complete this paper with an empirical investigation of its theoretical results. In order to identify the Le Chatelier principle with aggregate data, and for decomposing the impact of input price changes on input demands into a substitution and an expansion effect, it is necessary to propose an adequate empirical specification compatible with heterogeneous firms. Instead of relying on a representative firm setup which implies estimation biases when firms are too heterogeneous, we define the aggregate cost function as the conditional expectation of the microeconomic cost function, given the available aggregate information. In this context, we show that it is possible to identify the conditional expectation of the substitution and expansion effects using aggregate data only. We propose a simple test for the validity of the representative firm model. The empirical application relies on a panel for 18 two-digit US manufacturing industries over the period 1949 to 2001. We obtain several results relative to the rate of returns to scale, the price-cost margin, the short and long run adjustment of input demand to input price change, and the impact of input price changes on output adjustment and inflation. The empirical findings confirm the validity of the Le Chatelier principle. We also find evidence for both increasing and constant returns to scale.
Koebel, Bertrand and François Laisney (2010), The Aggregate Le Chatelier Samuelson Principle with Cournot Competition, ZEW Discussion Paper No. 10-009, Mannheim. Download
ZEW Discussion Paper
Koebel, Bertrand
Laisney, François
Aggregation, Returns to Scale, Market Power, Markup, Own-Price Elasticity.
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Shortlink: https://www.zew.de/PU68470-1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Jun 29, 2020 11:18AM PT
Bergdorf Goodman Is Reopening With These 3 New Services for Shoppers
Bergdorf Goodman's luxury department store on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York.
CREDIT: Adela Loconte/Rex Shutterstock
Amid a pandemic-plagued retail environment, Bergdorf Goodman has launched new services for its shoppers.
The luxury department store — located on Fifth Avenue in New York's Midtown Manhattan district — announced the debut of contactless services, including same-day delivery and curbside pickup, as well as private and virtual appointments as it reopens its doors to the public.
"We cultivate experiences beyond the expected and build unique and highly personalized relationships with our customers," COO Matt Marcotte said in a statement. "We are committed to delivering channel-less selling across both the digital and physical environments to offer our customers the best Bergdorf's experience, wherever and however the customer wants to shop and engage with us."
11 Designer Shoes We're Buying from Bergdorf Goodman's Huge Sale -- Starting at $80
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Customers in Manhattan are now able to arrange for curbside pickup or same-day delivery within the borough through a store associate, who can also curate their purchases. (A date and time must be scheduled for pickup.) In the Hamptons, the retailer is offering complimentary same-day delivery via its courier services, as long as the order is placed by noon.
What's more, Bergdorf Goodman has introduced private in-store appointments at its women's and men's locations, where associates can walk customers through the store's ready-to-wear, shoe and accessories departments. Shoppers will then be offered a private shopping area or fitting room, as well as alterations and tailoring services upon request.
Beyond in-person appointments, the department store is also providing virtual appointments with free shipping. The online service, guided by personal shoppers, allows customers to check out new collections from home.
Bergdorf Goodman is owned by Neiman Marcus Group Inc., which filed for Chapter 11 protection on May 7 following weeks of speculation. Two weeks ago, the company received approval to access the next phase of financing as it reorganizes its business and continues reopening stores. In total, it has access to $675 million in debtor-in-possession funds.
Neiman Marcus' bankruptcy plan does not include inventory liquidation or widespread store closures. (The chain also operates its namesake banner and Last Call, as well as Mytheresa, which is not included in proceedings.) For years, its balance sheet had been saddled with billions in debt — much of which stemmed from leveraged buyouts by private equity firms — it struggled amid digital disruption and reduced foot traffic. Post-bankruptcy, Neiman Marcus expects to eliminate $4 billion of debt, with no near-term maturities.


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Fairfax High Ready To 'Razzle Dazzle'
Presenting its Cappies musical, 'Chicago.'
Full of spunk, spice, glitz and glitter, Fairfax High's musical, "Chicago," is ready to burst upon the stage. With a cast and crew of 40 and a live, 30-person orchestra, it promises to raise the roof with energized performances.
"Sixty-two people auditioned for the show," said Theater Director Wendy Knight. "I was originally going to just take 30, but I was shocked at the amount of really talented kids that walked through the door."
Show times are Friday-Saturday, April 30-May 1, and May 7-8, at 7:30 p.m., plus the Cappies performance, Sunday, May 2, at 2 p.m. Tickets are $8 in advance at www.fxplayers.org or $12 at the door.
Since "Chicago" is so well known from the movie, the actors already knew most of the music and many of the lines. But since it's the school's first dancing show not in partnership with its academy, Knight said, "The students really had to step it up so we could focus on the dancing. Academy dance teacher Andrea Heininge did the choreography, and the dances are fresh and unique. They have a Fosse-esque flair without being old-fashioned."
Praising the musicians, too, Knight called the show "jazz-intensive with complicated music, and our all-student orchestra, directed by Meghan Benson, is going to knock it out of the park." A team of six to eight students is also designing, making and modifying 70 of the show's 90 costumes, and Knight said they're doing a terrific job.
Sophomore Anne Norland plays aspiring Vaudeville dancer Roxie who, while drunk, shot her lover. Her attorney Billy Flynn hopes to keep her from being hung by razzle-dazzling the jury. "The whole world is a show for her," said Norland. "Her personality is whatever the world wants it to be. The story's told through her eyes, and she's dramatic and definitely a diva. It's so fun. Everything's big and bold. You can't go too overboard. I like her personality. She's always ready to perform."
Her favorite number is "All That Jazz" because "it looks really awesome. The dancing's so spot-on, and the cool effects really add to it." She also likes her song, "Roxie," because "it gives you insight into what she's really like." Norland said both Knight and Heininge have "done amazing things" with the cast and attendees will enjoy the familiar story done with "a special spin and flair."
Senior Brandon Touhy portrays Amos Hart, Roxie's husband. "He's invisible, so normal that no one sees him. He's a nobody," said Touhy. "He loves Roxie, the only good thing that's ever happened to him, until she two-times him. It's a good role. It gives you a chance to grab the audience's emotions. It's a main part, about someone unnoticed, and how it affects him."
Touhy especially likes his song, "Mr. Cellophane," because "it's powerful and poignant and keeps you rooting for him. Anyone with a heart would." Touhy also designed the show's special effects. "We'll be the only school in the county to use pyrotechnics," he said. "We're going to use flash paper in the torches for Billy Flynn's entrance and the 'Razzle Dazzle 'Em' number, and we're really excited about it."
Jail matron Mama Morton is senior Maddy Goubeaux. "She's the top dog in Murderer's Row. She runs the jail and those are all her girls," said Goubeaux. "She's not arrogant, but proud. People know not to cross her. If she has a weakness, she doesn't let you see it. She's a rock with soft spots for a few inmates."
"It's a good finale role for high school, and it's challenging because I'm trying to combine her characteristics with mine to make us one on stage," said Goubeaux. "I want to break the mold and make it my version so people won't think about the movie, but about Fairfax High's interpretation. It's also cool working with so many new people and different personalities and see them come together into one cast. We are 'Chicago' — moving, breathing art."
Her favorite song is "Class" because her voice and Ally Dawson's mesh so well. "I belt things out, but she can match me," said Goubeaux, adding that attendees will instantly feel the cast's energy and will leave at the end "with smiles on their faces and saying, 'Wow, that was really something.' The set rotates and the costumes are glitzy and glam. Theater kids love to do glitter and jazz, sing loud and let it all out, and this is the big shebang."
Playing Velma Kelly is junior Ally Dawson. "She's determined and feisty and has always wanted to act, sing and dance in larger shows," said Dawson. "She uses her popularity from her own trial to her advantage. People want to see her shows after she's released from jail. Then Roxie, the new sensation, [steals her thunder] so Velma's trying to regain her fame. She has a tough exterior, but is a dreamer and is emotional inside."
Dawson likes Velma's storyline, attitude and "how she carries herself. And she has such good songs, showing her different sides. My favorite is 'My Own Best Friend,' a duet with me and Roxie. I'm saying I can't depend on anyone but me to get what I want and to succeed, and the music's really pretty." Dawson said even the show's minor characters have such strong personalities that people will enjoy watching them all interact. "There's so much to attract your eye," she said. "Everything about this show is big."
Junior Clayton Southerly is stage manager and set designer. As stage manager, he handles rehearsal logistics and will call technical cues during performances. He designed the set in December. It's a two-sided unit portraying the theater and the jail and containing a ladder, fireman's pole and dual spiral staircases. So, said Southerly, "I get to be both practical and artistic."
He said the audience will like "the originality we bring to the show. We altered some set elements and lighting colors to make an icon our own. In the story, celebrities use the media for their own benefit. So, although it's set in the 1920s, it's a commentary on American society today."
Regarding "Chicago's" appropriateness for students, Director Knight said its language and content make it PG-13. "But we've edited it a bit, and the costumes and choreography are classy, without being boring," she said. "It's going to be an amazing show. People will be shocked that it was all done by students, and what good quality it is. The lighting, acting, costumes, singing, dancing, everything. There's not a weak moment in the show."
Comedy Tonight in Fairfax
Ride of Their Lives
City Parents Start 4-H Club
God's World
Biking for Charity


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by Beverly Forehand
Used to be that we didn't have much trouble with our flocks around here. Sure, we'd lose a sheep or two to the winter, or falling down a ravine, or sometimes even to wild dogs. But nothing like this. Nobody's seen anything like this since the times of my great-grandfather, maybe even further back than that and I'm not a spring chicken these days. Last month I lost three lambs to the wolves. Doesn't seem like too much, but I only have a few hundred. Lose three or four each month and you've lost close to fifty by the year's end.
And I'm not the only one. Ranchers up and down this valley have been complaining. Nothing much to be done apparently. Can't shoot 'em, can't trap for the things... besides trapping would catch as many lambs as wolves I guess. Sheep aren't the smartest animals on this earth, but the still don't deserve to be torn apart by wolves. Fencing doesn't do much good either. Wolves are smart as dogs — smarter maybe. They can slink under a fence quick as anything.
I was in a pickle. I'd tried watching the sheep more, but it's hard work and I don't really have the manpower. I tried getting more dogs, but dogs aren't stupid and any self-respecting dog'll take off with a wolf pack on its heels. But a neighbor of mine said to try the Old Culley Place. Swore by it, he did. Said the Old Woman'd given him a remedy a few years ago that kept the wolves off his place since then. I can't say I believed it. I mean, witches, in these days. Seems like something out of an old movie or a fairytale. We have satellite and John Deeres around here. And though some say the Almanac's one step above witchery, well, I still buy one every year. Though, it's more fluff than it was in the past. Too may ads now and all that flower gardening nonsense. Anyway, I was at my rope's end, so I figured, what's the harm in seeing.
Now, the Old Culley Place is not so easy to get to. You can take the state highway up to Grange Road, but once you hit it, you're on pure dirt and gravel. That's bad enough on sunny days, but in the mud or snow, it's a job even for a four wheel drive. Of course, the Old Woman wouldn't care, I figured. She never went anywhere that I knew of. She had her groceries delivered in bulk from town. Let the delivery trucks and UPS hassle with that horrible road, I guess was her thought. She was the Old Woman when I was a boy, and it's been years since I was called anything except Old Farmer Craig or Old Man Craig.
Well, anyway, I got my dog, Clover — I don't go anywhere without her — and fired up the truck for a day trip. Figured I might hit the Co-op on the way back through town. I'd heard they had some new hybrid seeds that were worth having. Anyway, me and Clover hitched in and made the drive in less than 2 hours — most of it spent navigating pot-holes on Grange Road.
It wasn't even lunch yet when we saw the Old Culley Place looming up ahead. Old Miss Culley was always known for a cook, and I was hoping for something to eat, I don't mind telling you. Driving in dust is hard work. So, it was a more than welcome sight to to see the old farmstead, neat and as kept as it was when I was a boy. The flower beds even looked good — if you care for that kind of thing. And I always liked these better than most laid out wild as they were and not in neat little rows like the houses in town. I could smell lavender and rosemary on the air, which is better than red dust any day.
The barn lay off to the side and I could see a couple of old cows lazing about. Miss Culley never kept much stock — just a few cows and a fat old horse that I doubt ever saw a plow or a saddle in his life. She kept cats though, by the hundred, I'd say — well, at least a dozen, and there were always half a dozen dogs. Big dogs. I asked what they were once, there's nothing like them around here. And she told me they were Irish Wolfhounds. She brought them in as pups and generation after generation they loped around the place, big as ponies.
Now, if you ever drive up to the Culley Place, the first thing you usually see, besides all those cats and the giant dogs, is Miss Culley herself, sitting on the porch, knitting or shelling peas, or doing one of the things that old women do on hot, dry summer days. But no one was on the porch when I drove up and that gave me a bad feeling. Old folks die. And Miss Culley couldn't be less than a hundred by my reckoning.
I stopped the car and gave the horn a tap before me and Clover got out. Those big dogs perked up their ears, but they didn't look like they minded us about so I climbed down and hoisted Clover out behind me. Right away, Clover crinkled her nose up and let out a low growl. Warning growl's what I call it. She lifted her head twice like she was tasting the wind and hopped back in the cab. "Come on, Clov," I coaxed. But she let out a huff like she was annoyed and edged back toward the window. I rolled down the window on my door. "Suit yourself," I said, "I reckon you'll come out quick enough if it gets hot." But Clover lay down on the seat keeping one eye on the door of the Culley Place.
I closed the door behind me and yelled out, "Miss Culley?" But no one seemed to hear me but the dogs. One of them got up and padded over to give me a sniff and then lay back down.
I started up to the house and opened the screen door, but before I could give the door a big knock, it came flying open. I nearly tripped into the room I was so surprised. A tall girl was standing there in a yellow tee shirt and jeans. Her red hair was twisted up on top of her head and little strands of it fell around her face. She was wiping her hands on a dishtowel and leaning on the doorframe impatiently.
"Well," she said, "What do you want?" sounding for all the world like Miss Culley.
I pulled my ball cap off real fast, "I was looking for Miss Culley," I said.
"Well, you found her," said the girl, flinging the dishtowel onto the sofa behind her, "I guess you'd better come on in."
I stepped inside the room, hat still in hand. "Actually," I said, "I was looking for Old Miss Culley."
"Oh," she said smiling, "Well, she's not about today. Maybe there's something I can help you with? I'm taking care of things while she's gone."
I looked around the room. It looked the same as I remembered. Drying herbs lined the ceiling on neat string lines. An afghan was thrown in the corner with two fat gray tabbies lounging on it. I could smell something sweet and full of vanilla baking in the other room.
Seeing my nose lift, she asked, "Want tea cakes? They're just coming out of the oven."
"I can't stay long," I said, "I've got my dog, Clover in the truck and it's a hot day."
"Wouldn't budge, would she?" she asked walking into the kitchen. I followed. She opened the over, an old cast-iron contraption, with use stains around the burners. "Well," she said, lifting the tea cakes out of the oven, "I reckon she'll come out if she gets hot enough. The other dogs don't mind."
"No," I said, "Miss Culley's dogs have always been friendly enough to strangers, dog or man."
She put the cookies down on the table after she had spread a dishtowel to shield the linoleum top. Using a big iron knife, she cut apart the cookies that had grown into one another. "So," she said, "What is it you came here for?"
I twisted my hat, "You'll think it's silly, a young girl like you'd probably laugh at country superstitions, but... well, a friend of mine said that Miss Culley helped him with a wolf problem."
The girl looked up eyes flashing, "Wolves, is it?" she said, "I suppose you want them killed."
"Not really," I said, "I don't mind them so much, only I want them to stop killing my sheep and move off somewheres else."
"Wolves kill sheep," she said flatly, "If I get them to move off your property, they'll only be hassling someone else. A wolf's got to eat, don't he?"
I nodded. "I reckon a wolf's got to eat same as anything else, but I'd rather he eat something besides my sheep."
She smiled. "Well, maybe I can do something about that after all." She put down the knife and slide the hot cookie tray into the sink. The sudsy water made a low hissing sound. "There's several things, actually, that might work," she said. She reached into a drawer and pulled out some dried herbs in small vacuum sealed bags. "If you have a little problem, you might want to use a deterrent — something like wolf's bane — aconite's its Latin name. They don't like the smell of it. You might tray scattering some of it dried, but it's better to grow it fresh. Course, that won't stop something hungry. That just stops a browser, someone interested in taking a look."
She put the herbs down on the counter. "For hungry wolves, you need something strong, something fierce as they are." She squatted down and pulled open a low cabinet. There were several big jars all sealed with wax and labelled. She pulled out a big one with a clear yellow liquid in it. "This is from the zoo. A friend of mine gets it for me and I don't ask how. Smells something awful," she said wrinkling her nose.
"What is it?" I asked.
"Tiger pee," she said, "Nothing that a wolf hates more than a cat bigger than himself." " You might want to get yourself a dog too," she said. I opened my mouth to mention Clover, but she continued "A wolf dog, is what I mean. That dog in the car is fine for sheep herding and eating biscuits, but it takes a dog with a wolf's spirit to stand up to a pack."
"Well, there aren't many dogs like that around here," I said.
She smiled, "Well, maybe bring mine around and let them mark up the place, and Briseis is expecting pups in a month or so. Maybe I could hold one for you."
I glanced back toward the door where I could see one of those big dogs peeking in through the screen. "Don't worry," the girl said laughing, "They don't bite — much!"
I frowned, "I was just wondering how Clover'd like a dog that big," I said.
"It won't start off so big," she said, "It'll have to work up to it." I nodded. "I'll bring them around first," she said, "See how the wolves like that, and we can see if your dog takes a liking to them. They're particular. They didn't like the smell of me much at first either, but they got used to me. A dog will even get used to wolves in time, and run with them."
I knew that. I'd seen wolf-dogs before. They were dangerous — as bold as any wolf without any fear of man. Like she was reading my mind she said, "Wolves weren't always afraid of men, you know. They had to learn it, just like anything will if it's hunted enough. You ever hear of the Seine?" she asked.
Proceed to the conclusion...
Copyright © 2005 by Beverly Forehand


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The calandra lark (Melanocorypha calandra) or European calandra-lark breeds in warm temperate countries around the Mediterranean and eastwards through Turkey into northern Iran and southern Russia. It is replaced further east by its relative, the bimaculated lark.

Taxonomy and systematics
The calandra lark was originally placed in the genus Alauda. The current genus name, Melanocorypha is from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and koruphos a term used by ancient writers for a now unknown bird, but here confused with korudos, "lark". "Calandra"' derives ultimately from kalandros the Ancient Greek name for this bird. The bimaculated lark is also sometimes termed as the calandra lark.

Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized:
 Western calandra lark (M. c. calandra) - (Linnaeus, 1766): Found in southern Europe and north-western Africa to Turkey (except south-central and south-eastern Turkey), Transcaucasia and north-western Iran
 Eastern calandra lark (M. c. psammochroa) - Hartert, 1904: Found from northern Iraq and northern Iran to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan
 M. c. gaza - Meinertzhagen, R, 1919: Originally described as a subspecies of the bimaculated lark. Found from eastern Syria and south-eastern Turkey to south-western Iran
 Levant calandra lark (M. c. hebraica) - Meinertzhagen, R, 1920: Found from south-central Turkey and north-western Syria to Israel and western Jordan

Description
This is a large, robust lark, 17.5–20 cm long. It is an undistinguished-looking species on the ground, mainly streaked greyish brown above and white below, and with large black patches on the breast sides. It has a white supercilium.

In flight it shows short broad wings, which are dark below, and a short white-edged tail. The wing and tail patterns are distinctions from its more easterly relatives.

The song is like a slower version of that of the skylark.

Distribution and habitat
It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but Russian populations of this passerine bird are more migratory, moving further south in winter, as far as the Arabian peninsula and Egypt. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.

This is a bird of open cultivation and steppe. Its nest is on the ground, with 4–5 eggs being laid. Food is seeds supplemented with insects in the breeding season. It is gregarious outside the breeding season.

Behaviour and ecology
This species occupies open plains, from steppes and pastures to extensive dry cereal cultivations and true steppe with dense grass cover. In the Mediterranean Basin it is mainly found in dry pastures and dry cultivations. In cultivated areas, it prefers fallows, long-fallows and field edges and to a lesser extent sown fields, selecting unirrigated legumes and barley fields. The species is monogamous and lays eggs from early April to July. The nest is made from grass stems and small leaves, lined with softer material and built in a shallow depression on the ground, often under a tussock.  Clutches are usually three to six eggs (de Juana and Suárez 2004). Its diet is seasonal, feeding mostly on insects in the summers and seeds and grass shoots in the winter. Mediterranean populations are resident, forming large flocks in the autumn and winter (Snow and Perrins 1998, de Juana and Suárez 2004). Eastern populations are migratory or partially migratory (de Juana and Suárez 2004).

Parasites of the calandra lark include the chewing louse Ricinus vaderi, described from specimens collected in Azerbaijan.

In culture
The song is considered so musical to human ears that the calandra lark was formerly a popular cagebird in its range. It is mentioned in, for instance, the Tuscan proverb "Canta come una calandra", he or she sings like a lark, and the Spanish ballad "Romance del prisionero", where its song is the only way the prisoner knows when day breaks.

References

External links

Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.0 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze

calandra lark
Birds of Southern Europe
Birds of North Africa
Birds of Western Asia
Birds of Central Asia
calandra lark
calandra lark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Entertainment, General, TV & Movies
This Is Why Everyone Needs To Watch Season 4 Of OITNB
by Jennifer Landis
WARNING: Spoilers ahead! Seriously. If you haven't seen this season and you don't want to know what happens TURN BACK NOW. Otherwise…please enjoy!
From the beginning, Orange Is The New Black has never been a show to shy away from the big issues. Marketed as a comedy-drama, this season has a few laughs, but it primarily drama from the start. It takes things seen as black and white and pushes them into gray areas, because that's how it works in the real world. There's no such thing as a right or wrong reaction to a problem or an issue. It's life — and life is nothing but gray areas. This season especially has never felt timelier and is bringing light to some serious issues with both our prison system and the world in general.
An Archaic View on Menstruation
One big issue this season that was the lack of feminine hygiene products due to their label as "non-essential items" in a women's prison. We live in a world that claims to be progressive, yet in most states, tampons and pads are taxed. In the UK they're taxed and classified as "non-essential, luxury items." If someone would like to explain how bleeding profusely from your hoo-ha every month is considered a luxury, be my guest. The views on feminine hygiene products are antiquated and ridiculous.
The Importance of Counseling Above Criminalization
Season 4 marks the return of fan favorite (really – they are all fan favorites), Nicky, from max, which definitely makes you realize how much you missed her in season 3. In her hopelessness in max, combined with a self-serving apology from Luschek (the reason she's in max in the first place) she ends up relapsing, leading to her return to struggling with drugs throughout the season.
The highest number of arrests in the US in 2014 involved drug violations, but taking the addict away from the drug doesn't mean they stop craving it. In fact, in a situation like Nicky's — where she was isolated from everyone aside from the occasional "outside" recreation time — it can make them crave it even more. They feel hopeless and without meaning, leading them to crave that high.
Nicky received no drug counseling or rehab — and this is a huge problem in the US. Addiction is a disease. People need help to treat it and overcome their urges, which is best done in rehab and clinics. Throwing people in jail doesn't give them the help they need. Mixing nonviolent drug offenders with violent criminals can also expose them to violence. Jail isn't the answer for addicts.
The Monetization of American Prisons
To save Litchfield at the end of season 3, Caputo decided to privatize the prison, making it under control of MCC. Season 4 gives some insight into the monetization of American prisons, as well as how little some of these corporations care about their inmates. Caputo attends a convention called CorrectiCon with his MCC colleagues, where the attendees view products for their prisons and attend panels. There are fun demos, like practicing shooting laser guns to disable prisoners. While we can agree that OITNB is a work of fiction and was created based on a single memoir from Piper Kerman based on her time in a women's correctional facility and within the system, when combined with knowledge of the real world it is not that far-fetched to assume that monetization is favored above care for those in corrections.
The Realities of Mistreated Inmates
In addition to this, Sophia is trapped in the SHU for most of the season, while MCC incredulously denies she was ever there. Her wife shows up outside the prison multiple times and even goes to Caputo's house to get information about Sophia (before that crazy bitch Linda pulls a gun on her). The private prison industry has a long history of mistreating inmates and doing anything they can to make a buck off of their prisoners and their families.
This issue deserves much more attention. If you approach the subject, the response is often, "So what, they're criminals." This season – heck, this series – makes it a big point to show viewers that prisoners are human beings. They have feelings. They are not objects for abuse. Yes, they've made mistakes — and sometimes some pretty big ones, like Frieda who has killed too many people to remember — but that doesn't mean they should be abused and raped by their COs or fed inedible meals. Drugs are clearly a problem worldwide, and the United States' approach to incarcerating non-violent offenders over rehabilitating them is an issue. Period.
A Poignant Look at an Important Social Issue
If you've heard anything about this season, it's most likely the horrifying and completely unexpected death of one of the show's most beloved characters in the penultimate episode: Poussey Washington. In a peaceful protest where the prisoners stand up to the treatment they've gotten by the guards all season, Poussey is accidentally crushed —reminiscent of Eric Garner's death by the police a few years ago. The warden's actions — or lack thereof — afterwards sends the prison into full-on riot mode, with Taystee screaming, "They didn't even say her name!"
OITNB complicates things further. The guard that killed her was Bayley, the youngest and naivest of all the guards. One of the few that actually treated the prisoners as human beings. The MCC higher-ups desperately try to make Poussey the thug who deserved it or Bayley the tough guy who targeted her. The warden, Caputo, is stuck between trying to defend the prisoner he knows didn't deserve this or the guard that he thinks of as a good kid and knows didn't intend to kill her.
Similar incidents are happening all over, and it's commendable for a popular TV show to make such a statement. Props to them for not making it an evil guard versus an innocent girl. Life can be a lot more complicated than that, and an empty, stereotypical portrayal wouldn't have done the issue any justice. Caputo also struggles because he wants to be the good guy so badly, but with so many different pressures on him it seems he makes the wrong decision no matter what he does. Poussey's death was an absolutely heart wrenching gut punch for viewers, but that's what makes it more poignant.
A Multifaceted Look at the Complexities of Humanity
The biggest impact from this season — and why you need to sit down and binge watch it immediately — is humanity — in all its complexity, gray areas and complications. The people watching this show may not be prisoners, but I dare you to watch it and find nothing you can relate to the world around you, if not you personally.
It's a social commentary that needs to be watched to further drive the point home that there are some serious problems in our society today — problems that need to be fixed. In a TV landscape filled with fluff and reality shows, OITNB is the type of show that should be dominating.
Tags: featured, netflix, oitnb, orange is the new black, television, tv
Jennifer Landis is a Jersey girl at heart and temper, but enjoys living life in Central PA. She drinks tea like it's going out of style because coffee makes her poop and she needs all the caffeine she can get to keep up with her toddler, puppy, and handsome husband. She loves writing, running, yoga, and peanut butter. You can check out her blog, Mindfulness Mama, or follow her on twitter @JenniferELandis.
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It welcomes the report of the UN Secretary-General on the Question of the Death Penalty (A/HRC/21/29) covering the period June 2012 to May 2013 and details areas of concerns. These include in particular changes to the law in some countries that have expanded the use of the death penalty, particularly for offences related to drugs and terrorism.
The statement notes, for example, that drug-related offences do not reach the threshold of 'most serious crimes' that is required for application of the death penalty by retentionist states, particularly in recent interpretations by UN experts.
Finally, PRI welcomes the Secretary-General's reference to the issue of children of parents sentenced to death and the panel discussion at this session of the Human Rights Council dedicated to the rights of these children (which will be held on 11 September 2013).
See also PRI's statement to the Human Rights Council on the Human Rights Impact of the over use of imprisonment.
Statement to the 21st session of the UN Human Rights Council, 4 September 2012.


Going back to 13th-century England, the Crown has been immune from lawsuits, in a common-law doctrine known as "sovereign immunity." In America, sovereign immunity applies to the government and its entities. You can't sue the post office for losing a package, and you can't sue the USDA for labeling "pink slime" as meat. Recently, the ancient doctrine of sovereign immunity has become part of traders' conversations, as broker-dealers learned that they can't sue exchanges for errors, even really big ones, like botching the opening cross of a very large IPO.
Why would an exchange qualify for sovereign immunity? Aren't they for-profit companies like Microsoft or Walmart? Yes, they are. For the past six years, the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq have been for-profit companies that exist to make money for their shareholders. Yet they have also been deemed by courts to be quasi-governmental entities, dating back to the 1934 Exchange Act, in which Congress delegated some regulatory responsibilities to the exchanges. But even after the exchanges "demutualized," their quasi-governmental status was still upheld in courts. For example, in a September 2007 court decision (Calpers v. NYSE, Second Circuit), an appeals court dismissed a suit against the NYSE, finding the exchange "stands in the shoes of the SEC" and therefore even if misconduct had occurred, "absolute immunity" applies.
Absolute immunity is a pretty cool thing to have. It's like being a legal superman. Bullets like "gross negligence" and "willful misconduct" just bounce off you. Imagine life if your actions had no consequences. You could spend your days dropping things from balconies and leaving banana peels on the sidewalk. Yes, life would be sweet, at least for you. For those around you, though, life may be a bit less sweet. Economists refer to situations with a lack of consequences for negative actions as creating "moral hazard." Kids hopefully learn that if they send a baseball through the neighbor's window, they're going to have to pay for it. Tell the kid it's not his problem, and you've created moral hazard, along with a lot of future broken windows.
Imagine if American Airlines were responsible for monitoring passenger compliance with Federal Aviation Administration rules. You could call these imagined regulatory personnel "flight attendants." In making you shut off your cell phone before takeoff, the airline is standing in the shoes of the FAA. Therefore, using the same logic as is applied to the exchanges, American Airlines should be deemed a quasi-governmental entity and granted sovereign immunity in lawsuits.
Meanwhile, the exchanges look less like government regulators and more like broker-dealers every year. In May, Nasdaq announced it was going to compete directly with brokers by offering trading algorithms. In July, the NYSE had its "Retail Liquidity Program" approved. The headline the next day in the Wall Street Journal announced, "The NYSE Gets Its Very Own Dark Pool." The reality is that the line between exchanges and ATSs (Alternative Trading Systems) is blurrier than ever. Both accept buy and sell orders and match them electronically. Both offer dark orders. Both offer displayed orders. Both typically offer a lower price to their top clients. The only real differences between exchanges and ATSs are in their legal status and their economics. Exchanges pay no clearing fees; ATSs do. Exchanges receive tape revenue on quotes and prints; ATSs don't. Exchanges have no net capital requirements; ATSs do. And exchanges have no liability when they make an error; ATSs have to pay up when they mess up.
On the other hand, exchanges have a longer regulatory review process when they want to change their rules. Given their lack of liability and the moral hazard it creates, it probably makes sense for their changes to get a bit of extra scrutiny. But the largest exchanges have taken to banging the drum in Washington and demanding a "leveling of the playing field," claiming that the additional regulatory burden economically disadvantages them relative to ATSs.
If the exchanges' claim of unfairness is correct, then the management of BATS and Direct Edge must not be very smart. Because both companies were running successful ATSs, and both voluntarily chose to convert to being exchanges, finding the economics and the legal advantages to be overwhelmingly slanted in favor of exchanges. Meanwhile, broker-owned ATSs are denied the chance to become exchanges, held back by an obsolete restriction that a broker may only own a maximum of 20 percent of an exchange. This restriction may have made sense when exchanges were member-owned, not-for-profit entities that doubled as regulators, but it no longer makes sense in a world of for-profit exchanges that act like broker-dealers and outsource their regulatory functions.
Perhaps it is time for lawmakers to consider a true leveling of the playing field, by removing all of the arbitrary distinctions between exchanges and ATSs. I suggest the regulators create one set of rules for both, which would include common rules around tape revenue, rule approval procedures, net capital requirements, clearing fees and, of course, sovereign immunity.
In England, the Crown continues to gradually lose privileges. In 1992, the Queen agreed to start paying taxes. In 2011, she lost her theoretical right to dissolve Parliament. Maybe one day, the Queen will lose her sovereign immunity and we will see her get sued, perhaps because one of her palace guards wearing those fuzzy black hats will get heat stroke on a hot summer day. When that day comes, as the Queen sits in court waiting to testify, we may hear her murmur, "It must be good to be an exchange."
Dan Mathisson is a columnist for Traders Magazine, and the Head of U.S. Equity Trading at Credit Suisse. The opinions expressed in this column are entirely his own, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Credit Suisse Group.


Ignore the doom mongers, India will return to the high growth path by winter, writes India Inc. Founder & CEO Manoj Ladwa.
There's an old truism about India which holds that for everything that is true about this country, the exact opposite is also correct. This is true for the Indian economy as well.
The country's foreign exchange reserves recently crossed the $400-billion mark, making India the world's sixth-largest holder of forex, ahead of the Euro zone, Brazil and Taiwan. The Indian rupee, which had fallen to a low of Rs 68.85 against the US dollar four years ago under the previous Congress-led UPA regime, has gained about 6 per cent to about Rs 64 and experts expect it to strengthen further.
Driving this surge in foreign currency inflows is the flow of foreign investments into Indian equity and debt as well as the longer-term foreign direct investment (FDI).
Now for the other truth: India's GDP growth in the April-June quarter (Q1 of 2017-18) slipped to a three-year low of 5.7 per cent on weak private investments and the lingering effects of demonetisation and the launch of the Goods & Services Tax (GST).
Since both these contradictory trends – of foreign investors remaining bullish about India even as Indian industrialists fight shy of making fresh investments – are undeniably true, how should one interpret them? What are foreigners seeing that Indians are not?
Yes, demonetisation has led to a temporary contraction in demand. The lingering after-taste of the withdrawal of 86 per cent of currency has played a role in the loss of growth momentum.
But this is only half the truth and we will return to this in a moment. Now, let us address the other issue – of GST. The introduction of any new tax regime – and especially one that replaces a complex multi-layered, multi-state, multi-levy system with one single tax – would have been disruptive at the best of times.
Now look at the positives.
Demonetisation has led to the unearthing and de-registration of about 200,000 shell companies, many of which were conduits for tax evasion and money laundering. So, it will be fair to say that demo has played a big role in rooting out the generation of unaccounted, or black, money. Higher income tax collections testify to this.
Then, GST collections in the first month – July – were in excess of the target by about 2 per cent, in spite of about a third of taxpayers not filing their returns and remitting their taxes. This belies predictions that the new tax would result in revenue shrinkage. What's more, World Bank India chief Junaid Ahmad has described GST as a "tectonic shift" that could take India's growth rate to 8 per cent and beyond.
And after playing truant for a while, the Monsoon rains have returned with a gusto giving rise to optimism that this will be a normal Monsoon year. This augurs well for rural demand, which accounts for a large chunk of the Indian GDP.
Finally, Indian Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has hinted at a package to revive growth and employment.
Many economists are confident that growth will pick up on the back of the positives described above.
"We expect the impact of demonetisation to fade and GST mechanism to stabilise… and growth to return in the last quarter of the year on the back of a good Monsoon and the festive season bump," Randstad India MD & CEO Paul Dupuis told reporters.
Cleaning up any economy is a time consuming task. The twin blows to the shadow economy – in the form of demo and GST – have undoubtedly caused some short-term pain. But do keep in mind that a large part of the pain, caused by the bad debt overhang at banks, is a legacy issue the BJP government inherited from the Congress regime. As many parents of young children know, prescribing bitter medicines is the only way back to good health.
US government agency USDA estimates that India will grow at an average rate of 7.4 per cent to become a $6.84-trillion economy by 2030 and emerge as the world's third-largest economy, surpassing Japan and Germany.
So, let us not pay heed to the doom mongers. Come winter and, hopefully, India will return to the high growth trajectory.


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Aiken, William
Life Summary
William Aiken
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William Aiken (Congressional Biographical Dictionary)
AIKEN, William, (cousin of David Wyatt Aiken), a Representative from South Carolina; born in Charleston, S.C., January 28, 1806; attended private schools; was graduated from the College of South Carolina (now the University of South Carolina) at Columbia in 1825; engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the State house of representatives 1838-1842; served in the State senate 1842-1844; Governor of South Carolina 1844-1846; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1851-March 3, 1857); was an unsuccessful candidate for Speaker of the House of Representatives after 133 ballots in the Thirty-fourth Congress; was not a candidate for renomination in 1856; presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Thirty-ninth Congress February 12, 1867, but was not permitted to qualify; resumed his former pursuits near Charleston, S.C.; died at Flat Rock, Henderson County, N.C., September 6, 1887; interment in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S.C.
"Aiken, William," Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774 to Present, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000063.
03/18/1857 New York Times, "How a Gentleman is Appreciated by Proslavery Fanatics," March 18, 1857
William Aiken, detail
How to Cite This Page: "Aiken, William," House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College, https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/index.php/node/12904.


Available from the end of May '19? This role is an integral part of a growing, independent PR and digital communications agency, who like to work with big brands that support emerging innovation in healthcare, science and life technology.
The search is on for an ambitious and entrepreneurial, freelance Account Director to join the team and to work across a number of high profile Consumer, B2C and B2B Science, Healthcare, Lifestyle and innovation accounts. This position would suit a candidate looking to cover a maternity leave within a non-siloed, integrated agency that combines creating opportunity with producing the right media messages whatever the platform or audience.
This position is due to run from June'19 through to Jan'20 and could also offer flexible days.
• Strong writing skills and excellent attention to detail.
• Working in a fast paced environment and have a calm, confident approach to client handling and team management.


A new analysis of energy use for 434 public and commercial buildings in Minneapolis reveals that buildings reporting under the energy benchmarking ordinance are reducing energy and water consumption. The City of Minneapolis' new report analyzed the 2016 energy use of 276 commercial and 158 public properties that submitted data to the City as required by the building energy benchmarking and transparency ordinance. (Building owners had until June 2017 to submit data.) The buildings in the report include 125 million square feet of floor space, 80 percent of the city's commercial square footage. These buildings account for more than 686,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide, the equivalent carbon dioxide production of about 143,000 households or roughly 80 percent of the households in Minneapolis.
All energy and water data associated with properties covered under the ordinance is now public in spreadsheet form and on an interactive dashboard.
The median Energy Star score for buildings that reported consistently from 2014 to 2016 rose two points over the three-year period to 75. The median score in 2016 was 73 for public buildings and 78 for commercial properties. (Energy Star scores range from 1 to 100, with 100 being the best and 50 being the national median. A building that scores 75 or higher is eligible for Energy Star certification.
Energy performance in public and commercial buildings showed promising trends toward the City's energy conservation goals. A five-year analysis of public buildings indicated a 3 percent reduction in energy use while a three-year analysis of commercial properties showed a 3.4 percent reduction. (This calculation is adjusted for yearly variations in weather).
Water use shows a decline of 12 percent in public buildings and 5 percent in commercial buildings over a two-year period.
Parking ramps show the greatest energy improvement of the buildings reporting with total sector reduction of 36 percent. This is largely due to changing lighting controls and converting to LEDs.
Saint Mary's Basilica made energy efficiency improvements that led to a remarkable 21 percent decrease in its energy use since 2014. (The calculation is adjusted for yearly variations in weather).
The energy use of these 434 buildings represents approximately 16 percent of Minneapolis' citywide greenhouse gas emissions. The City has goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30 percent by 2025 and 80 percent or more by 2050 from a baseline in 2006.
The benchmarking and transparency ordinance is intended to increase energy awareness and spur action to increase efficiency. More energy efficient buildings and energy efficiency projects give Minneapolis building owners, occupants and the community tremendous benefits including lower energy costs, higher property values, more comfortable buildings, reduced air pollution and jobs in energy efficiency services.
The Minneapolis Building Energy Challenge encourages large commercial building owners and managers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent by 2020.
The City's Green Business Cost Share Program offers matching funds for commercial building energy efficiency and solar projects.
The City works with utilities through the Clean Energy Partnership to make benchmarking easier and to connect building managers with incentives for energy efficiency improvements.
Find more information at www.minneapolisenergybenchmarking.org.


Is There a Laser Treatment For Age Spots?
If you have pesky age spots that you'd like to get rid of, you may be trying to find a laser treatment that can zap them away for good. Age spots come on gradually, and wearing SPF doesn't seem to keep them from appearing. So is there a laser treatment for age spots.
Age spots are dark spots on the skin that form as a result of excess melanin production. They are typically seen on the areas that are often exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, chest, and arms.
Age spots form deep within the dermal layer of the skin, and since the laser energy is able to break apart the clusters of melanin, it can effectively wipe out age spots.
There are several laser treatments for age spots, including the innovative BBL – Broadband light therapy. BBL light therapy is the next generation intense pulsed light (IPL). It is a cutting-edge treatment that produces smoother, younger-looking skin.
The light is delivered via the hand-held device that is moved around from spot to spot. BBL brings the spots to the surface and they initially appear darker than before. The spots will eventually flake off after about 7 days, leaving the skin clearer and even-toned.
BBL is not painful, as most patients say it feels a lot like a rubber band being snapped against the skin. With BBL there is also the added benefit of collagen regeneration which helps to restore the skin's beauty.
Would you like to learn more about BBL therapy for age spots? Search our directory to find a practice in your area.
You can reach them at www.agelessbeautycenterokemos.com, or by calling 517-203-5052.


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Completed Transactions > Business & Financial Services > Mainstream, Inc. acquired by Aloi Materials Handling & Automation, LLC
Mainstream, Inc. acquired by Aloi Materials Handling & Automation, LLC
DALLAS, October 2, 2019 - Generational Equity, a leading mergers and acquisitions advisor for privately held businesses, is pleased to announce the sale of its client, Mainstream, Inc. to Aloi Materials Handling & Automation, LLC ("Aloi"), a portfolio company of Wincove Private Holdings, LP. The acquisition closed September 6, 2019 and details were not disclosed.
Mainstream, Inc. is a mechanical contractor specializing in conveyor belts & shoots located in Shepherdsville, KY. The Company has over 100 field technicians located throughout the United States, allowing them to provide 24 hours support 365 days a year. The Company provides mechanical and electrical troubleshooting, preventative maintenance, parts and replacement, conveyor repair, engineering and fabrication, and installation services.
Aloi Materials Handling & Automation, LLC is a fully-integrated provider of material handling and automation solutions, together with ongoing service and maintenance. Aloi combines vast vendor relationships with deep engineering expertise to create solutions that optimize capacity, improve throughput and safety, and reduce labor costs. Aloi is headquartered in Rochester, NY, with offices in Buffalo, NY, Syracuse, NY, Raleigh, NC, High Point, NC, and Holyoke, MA. For more information about Aloi, visit their website at www.aloi.com.
Wincove Private Holdings, LP is an investment company that creates long-term capital appreciation for its shareholders by partnering with business owners, entrepreneurs, and management teams to build market-leading companies. With offices in Boston and New York, Wincove has a permanent capital base, staying invested in its partner companies for an unlimited time. For more information about Wincove, visit their website www.wincove.com.
Generational Equity Executive Managing Director of M&A - Central Region, Michael Goss and his team, led by Managing Director Jerry Yocum with support from Managing Director Ryan Johnson, successfully closed the deal. Senior Managing Director James Carr established the initial relationship with Mainstream.
"I worked for an extended period with both the buyer and seller as Mainstream was growing very fast. They both saw a fit culturally and strategically," said Jerry Yocum. "I think these two firms will work well for the long term. It was a pleasure to assist them in the transaction".


Pria/Wanita 24 to 44 years old. Must be able to communication in ENGLISH language, must have at least 3 years experience and understand overal procedures and activities of a travel agency.
World Surfaris Tours and Travel: handling tamu dari Australia, America, New Zealand and more for SURFING HOLIDAYS seluruh Indonesia. Jasa Ticketing, Transportation, Accommodation, Surfing Trips.


The Compucage S30 Stand offers a discreet yet secure platform for tablet display. When combined with the Compucage Core (sold seperately) it creates a rock solid anti-theft mount and is minimally visible from the front. It also offers the ability to rotate the tablet 90°, as well as fine tuning the angle of axis. The S30 Stand can easily be bolted onto almost any surface.


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Body Recount
Women Entrepreneurs Fight for Their Piece of the Pie
We Haven't Walked on Mars Yet, But People Are Already Selling Pieces of It
By Stacey Anderson On 05/08/14 at 5:53 AM EDT
The selling of the Red Planet is a multimillion-dollar business, even though the commute's a bitch Allard de Witte/Redux
Tech & Science Mars Space exploration
The commute isn't ideal and the amenities are scant, but for the thousands of people who wish to live on Mars, the options are growing.
Last August, over 200,000 people applied to be one of the first four participants in Mars One, a privately funded project, co-founded by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp and engineer Arno Wielders, that aims to establish a permanent, self-sustaining human colony on Mars. The application fee is fairly affordable (candidates paid an amount that depended on their country of origin and its wealth—U.S. citizens paid $38; Mexican citizens paid $15). But the ultimate price could go beyond quantification: The proposed voyage to Mars is the ultimate one-way ticket.
The Mars One project is expected to cost $6 billion, from the research through an unmanned test mission in 2018 and its first human touchdown, tentatively penciled in for 2025. Mars One aims for its intrepid first immigrants to pull water from the planet's soil and grow their own food with assistance from solar panels—skills Lansdorp assumes will "build up in a slow fashion," and for which the project is currently creating a Mars simulation site in an undisclosed location. The 2018 mission is intended to demonstrate if the technology will actually work on another planet, and a 2022 launch will leave the shelter and farming materials on the planet for the astronauts to assemble, Ikea-like, when they arrive three years later.
Mars One plans to cover its costs by turning itself into must-see reality TV; it is reliant on individual donations, sponsorships and broadcast rights for the mission's accompanying reality programming. Lansdorp won't say what the TV show will look like exactly, but he expects to air short daily "news from Mars" segments and then heavier coverage of major events like launches and landings, as well as special programming around the "selection of follow-up crews" (i.e., competitions to get tickets on the next trips up).
Lansdorp is also confident that the show will draw an audience—and sponsors. "When we saw the revenue numbers of the [2012] Olympic Games, that was really the moment for us when we thought, Wow, this might actually be possible. It made $4 billion off broadcast rights and sponsorships," Lansdorp tells Newsweek. "You can imagine that the biggest event in the history of mankind is going to be worth a lot more than that." He is currently in negotiations with a large investment fund from the U.K. that is considering financing Mars One's entire mission.
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If his television plans get off the ground, Lansdorp will be following in the footsteps of some of the biggest events in broadcast history. According to NASA, an estimated 530 million people watched Neil Armstrong land on the moon in 1969. Lansdorp is eyeing an even bigger slice of pie: The global audience for the opening ceremony of the recent Sochi Winter Olympics reached 3 billion (up from the 900 million who watched the London 2012 summer games). And Lansdorp expects to produce TV content throughout Mars One's development with much greater regularity than the every-other-year schedule of the Summer and Winter Olympics—but with the same viewer base.
"Mars One can create content all the time, so we certainly expect to produce more—and more constant—content," he says, "with peaks of footage around new crews departing and landing." (A representative from the CBS network declined to estimate the value that Mars One's TV programming might bring to the network and the project, and representatives from NBC and ABC did not return Newsweek's requests for potential figures.)
Journalists are briefed on NASA's Low Density Supersonic Decelerator project in Pasadena, California. The project is aimed at enabling large payloads to be landed on the surface of Mars. Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty
Hope Shills Eternal
In monetizing people's obsession with living on Mars, Lansdorp's project is not unique—and faces some competitive pricing. Dennis Hope of Gardnerville, Arizona, is the founder of Lunar Embassy, which sells deeds to land on the Red Planet as well as Venus, the Earth's moon and several other cosmic commodities—all for a price that would appeal to even the most budget-conscious investor: just $19.99 to $22.49 per acre. (He'll also sell you all of Pluto for $250,000.)
Hope says he has made more than $11 million since 1980, when he launched the company by asserting ownership of these interstellar bodies via a letter to a claims office—a move he maintains is legal thanks to a loophole in the United Nations's outer space legislation. He added Mars deeds to his roster in the late 1990s, and despite taking a hit from the 2008 financial crisis, business has increased steadily since, he says.
"I'm honest as the day is long, and if I didn't believe I actually owned these lands, I wouldn't be selling them," Hope, 66, tells Newsweek. "A lot of our customers are vehement about claiming their property someday.… They ask us to place that property in some sort of a trust because they want to be able to pass it on to their heirs."
Hope also says his landholders have "run the gamut" of professions and incomes, from janitors to Hollywood stars, and include former presidents Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush. (Hope maintains that Reagan and Carter had property purchased for them by aides, but that Bush had land bestowed on him by an undisclosed buyer, an act that suggests previously unknown levels of interstellar passive-aggression.)
Mars is a particularly hot commodity for Hope's Web- and phone-based business; he says he sells 30 to 40 plots daily and has moved over 325 million acres on the Red Planet overall, for $4 million in profit. The company's customers appear to be a satisfied bunch; the lone complaint on the Lunar Embassy's Better Business Bureau page is for a "delivery" issue. However, legal issues have swirled around the company for years. In 2004, one Canadian partner, Lisa Fulkerson, skipped town amid charges of defrauding a local bank and her individual moon property investors; she was eventually sentenced to two years in jail. The following year, authorities in Beijing suspended the business license of another partner, Li Jie, on charges of speculation and profiteering; Li's stellar property-sales branch eventually sold its office to repay a bank loan.
Nevertheless, Hope maintains brusquely that his deeds are more than mere gag items—though small print at the bottom of Lunar Embassy deeds states: "This is a novel gift." He also claims to be self-financing the development of a privately manufactured rocket that will be able ferry his customers to Mars and the moon.
Hope is just one of many moneyed moguls fixated on getting to Mars. Virgin Group founder Richard Branson, whose Virgin Galactic space flight company promises to send its first tourists into orbit soon, said in 2012, "In my lifetime, I'm determined to be a part of starting a population on Mars; I think it is absolutely realistic." Elon Musk, CEO and chief designer of the Southern California-based aerospace company SpaceX (which is partially funded by NASA), has announced plans to create the Mars Colonial Transporter, a reusable system that would be capable of shuttling 100 colonialists to the planet per journey, for an estimated $500,000 per person, furthering his ultimate goal of sustaining a Mars colony up to 80,000 strong. Musk aims to have the system operational within a decade.
Members of the Mars Science Laboratory team test out an engineering model of the Mars rover "Curiosity" in 2012. Gene Blevins/Reuters
The Loophole Loophole
There's plenty of cash to be made from colonizing Mars—entities ranging from Mars One to the Lunar Embassy to the long-standing Mars Society advocacy nonprofit all move significant amounts of money every year, while NASA and the European Space Agency wield government budgets of billions. But there are few laws that govern the financial end of Mars exploration. The one that matters is named like something out of a Kurt Vonnegut novel: The Outer Space Treaty was adopted in 1967 and soon after upheld by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). It forbids any country or government from claiming sovereignty over any interstellar bodies, including the moon and all planets, for profit or weapon deployment.
It is this law that Hope immediately cites to support his claim of ownership of Mars, the moon and the other celestial bodies in question. He insists that the treaty has a loophole: It applies only to countries and governments, he says, and does not expressly forbid private companies or individuals from owning these properties. Hope says he has never met resistance from any governmental agency and often brings up the fact that the Hilton and Marriott hotel chains have purchased property from him as proof that his methods are legal. (Representatives from both companies denied such purchases to Newsweek.)
UNOOSA Director Simonetta Di Pippo says Hope and the Lunar Embassy are beholden to restrictions placed on the United States. "With regard to private activities, states are responsible for space activities carried out by their nationals," she tells Newsweek, indicating that the U.S. could be held accountable for any clear illegality on Hope's part. The "novel gift" caveat on his documentation seems to give him an out here.
Divorce, Mars-Style
As for buying a ticket for a one-way trip, William Gerstenmaier, NASA's associate administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, says the enthusiasm for Mars exploration is warranted but premature. "I think there are some advantages as a species to think about not just exploration but what I call 'pioneering,' where you actually go to stay with the intent that you're going to move off the planet. That isn't going to happen soon," he says.
NASA's goal is to get astronauts on the surface of Mars by the mid-2030s, and it has five active missions (Curiosity, Opportunity, Odyssey, MRO and Express are all currently on the surface of or are orbiting Mars), with three more planned (MAVEN, InSight and Beyond—MAVEN is set to launch in late 2013). Current studies are focused on terraforming the Martian surface to support human life; potential solutions include extracting oxygen from the soil and warming the overall climate. The planet's thinner atmosphere poses problems too, so NASA is monitoring radiation via rover devices and adapting spacecraft to brake and land safely.
Unlike Mars One, NASA plans on returning its crew to Earth. "We think we would take them there, and then they would spend some amount of time there, maybe up to 45 days or so," Gerstenmaier says. Then they'd bring them back down, safe and sound.
Michael Shara, curator of the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History, expects government missions to make it to Mars long before any private ventures succeed. "The idea of survivability on Mars for an extended period of time isn't out of the question. There's nothing in physics or chemistry or astronomy or mathematics that precludes it, but Mars right now is a very harsh place, and you've got to have a stupendous budget to get there," he explains. "I think that the European Space Agency and especially NASA are still the only people with the pockets deep enough."
That doesn't mean the private sector won't try. Hope keeps closing interstellar sales daily, and Mars One has made its first round of cuts, winnowing its candidates to 1,058 semifinalists. Leila Zucker, an emergency room doctor at Howard University in Washington, D.C., is one of them. She says she'd give up everything to participate in Mars One's one-way inaugural expedition—she'd even leave behind her husband.
"You know how couples always talk about what celebrity they'd be allowed to sleep with if they had the opportunity?" she says. "Ours has always been, 'If you got a chance to do X, I'd obviously have to let you go.' Mine would be going to Mars."


Using rice straw and other biomass for the production of biogas raises technical and economic challenges, but also fundamental ethical and social questions. This project investigates how industrial interests and farmers' needs in India can be integrated in the design of a system for sustainable biogas production on the basis of rice straw.
In Punjab widespread - yet illegal - livelihood practices of burning rice straw biomass, an agricultural residue, lead to environmental pollution and health problems. The project initially aimed to develop a design and implementation plan for an innovative and responsible socio-technical system for utilising rice straw to produce biogas, and for delivering part of the produced energy to the farmers. It aimed to do so in collaboration with DSM-India and a range of other stakeholders.
As the project unfolds, the problem definition has become broader: a perspective inspired by Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has brought to the light that it is not just about making gas from straw, but about complex entanglements of agricultural processes and livelihood, commercial interests that compete between biogas and bioethanol, policy incentives that compete alike, etc. In this complex, the technological challenges play only one part of many.
The project will lead to an understanding of the feasibility of scalable technology for biogas production in India. More generally, it leads to an understanding of how a seemingly simple question – how to make gas from straw – travels and connects to elements as diverse as petrol imports, ethanol blending targets, farming practices holding traditional notions of biogas that are rehearsed time and again, academic research that connects along very specific lines to implementation practices on the field, etc. This new understanding is described more broadly than in mere technological and economic terms, and it includes possible instances of RRI-inspired interventions in energy and agricultural policies.
The workshop provided an intensive exchange of experiences and views between university and corporate partners, resulting in a better understanding of each other.
In addition to DSM-India as a corporate partner, the project has meanwhile developed strong ties with academics in India, with farmers' organisations, and with partners in policy making and governance.
The project is strongly interdisciplinary. It draws on vulnerability studies, responsible research and innovation studies, and ethics/ philosophy. Methods used include ethical analysis, ethnographic fieldwork, literature review, stakeholder dialogues, and policy analysis.


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text:
Q: Extracting lib from yocto build I have a yocto build setup for a NXP dev-board. I can build images just fine and I thought this would be a simple way to cross compile a static library that I need for another project.
I added  a recipe for the package, sqlcipher, and added sqlcipher-staticdev to IMAGE_INSTALL in local.conf.
This leads to me building sqlcipher just fine but I'm only getting dynamic libraries. I want to have a static library but even though I set DISABLE_STATIC = "" in the recipe I get nothing.
It has not been as easy as I first thought but is there a way to do this kind of thing?
Is there something else that needs to be done to build a static lib?

A: DISABLE_STATIC is appended to EXTRA_OECONF. Please check whether sqlcipher uses autotools to configure and whether has '--enable/disable-static' configure option.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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One of the greatest decisions for you concerning your wedding day is hiring a photographer. The photographer you select is responsible for capturing your future memories on film. You want this photographer to be professional and responsible. After all, this could be the most important day of your life. Here are some tips to help make your decision easier.
Different studios as well as photographers have various styles. When you visit a studio or talk to a photographer, inquire about the style of the photographs they take. Look at photographs hanging in the gallery. Make sure you are comfortable with the style of service offered. Remember, photographs are the tangible memories of your special day.
The Bride and Groom should be comfortable with the Photographer not only with his or her style, but also with his or her personality. If you are outgoing, energetic and want that atmosphere as part of your wedding day, then find a photographer with that kind of personality. You want to make sure that you are happy with your choice. Afterall you will be with this person throughout the day. The happier you are about your photographer, the happier your guests will be, and the day will run smoothly as planned.


text:
Prowl and Growl
The Student Newspaper of Newnan High School
The Prowl and Growl
RECAP: Newnan Cougar Boys' Basketball Team Prepares for Final Regular Season Push
Posted on January 28, 2016 January 28, 2016 by nhsjoshuajohnson
By: Paul Slobodzian
Despite an up-and-down beginning to the regular season for Head Coach Rogeric Ladd's Newnan Varsity boys' basketball team, the group has battled throughout the first half of the season and has set itself up for a run at the state playoffs.
The season started slowly with losses in five of the team's first seven games, but the Cougars bounced back with wins in seven of their next ten games, including five straight at one point.
"Our season has been up and down so far," Coach Ladd stated. "We've had some injuries that threw us backwards."
Jannson Williams, Captain of the team and NHS senior, has been instrumental in carrying the team through the low points of the season when his fellow captain teammates Khalil McCoy and Kameron Grant faced month-long injuries.
"Any game that was close," Jannson said, "we could've easily won. Any game that was close, we were low on free throws. Our goal is twenty to twenty-five free throws per game, and we've been shooting thirteen to fourteen whenever we lose."
Six of the team's ten losses have been decided by ten points or fewer, and free throws have been crucial in deciding those games. Shooting a high free throw percentage and getting to the foul ten to twelve times a game is not the only thing that will determine the outcomes of games, though.
Sticking together as team through the peaks and valleys can play a pivotal role in success and defeat.
"I am proud of the guys, because we have stuck together," Coach Ladd said. "Some games have not gone our way, but we have continued to improve."
A turning point in the season came on January 8 when NHS traveled across the county to play East Coweta in a heated rivalry game. The Cougars wound up coming away with a convincing 70-25 win against the Indians.
"I had three fouls in the first quarter and fouled again when the second quarter started," Jannson remembered. "If I fouled one more time, I was out, so I was riding the bench cheering on my teammates. Our JV came in, and it was just a great day."
The resounding victory marked the first time either side had come away with such a drastic difference in the scores.
"Every time we play EC, it's always close," Jannson commented. "No matter how good either team is, it's always going to be a close game because of the rivalry. This is the first time in about five years that we've beat them that bad."
The rivalry demolition looked like it was going to jumpstart the season a bit, but the Cougars have since lost back-to-back games including a one-point defeat against Langston Hughes and a thirty-one point loss against Westlake.
"I thought we were ready to hit our stride," Coach Ladd mentioned. "But after the last two games, it's back to the drawing board."
Coach Hap Hines, NHS Athletics coach, took notice of the performance against East Coweta as well as the Langston Hughes and Westlake. He said that he looks forward to watching the team play with "more intensity."
The Cougars have six games remaining in the season to make up as much ground as possible in the AAAAAA Region 3 basketball standings. The six games left on the schedule are all regional matchups, so Coach Ladd and his team are poised to make a run to the top of standings and clinch a spot in the playoffs.
"I expect us to continue to improve and make the state playoffs," Coach Ladd said. "In our region, the key is getting to the state tournament and anything could happen."
Every upcoming game over the next few weeks for NHS Basketball is highly anticipated, and they are all incredibly important to the postseason for the team. While each approaching game is crucial, Coach Hines commented that "the next one's always the biggest one."
With the exception of a February 2nd matchup against Campbell High School, the other five games will be held at Newnan, and the team, as well as everyone else in the gym, thrives off the student section when it is excited during a game.
"When the students are hopping," Coach Hines stated, "it gives everybody else a little more fire. It seems like they [Cougar basketball players] play harder."
Posted in Basketball, SportsTagged Basketball, Sports
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Student-Vet Connect Veterans Relief Fund 5k
How to Survive High School: The Academics Guide
Donna Rowe, Celebrated Vietnam War Veteran, Speaks in NHS auditorium
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NHS Girls Golf Team Win the Area Tournament and Will Heads to State for the First Time in School History May 8, 2017
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The idea for this annual event began when Sabrina Epstein and Carly Morgan, two Bullis students and members of the Bullis KEEN Club, enjoyed a great night at KEENFest with their buddies. The girls and their athletes had so much fun, they thought every KEEN athlete deserved to get dressed up, go dancing and have their own prom experience. Thus began the KEEN Bullis Prom! The students brought their idea to the Bullis community and the first KEEN Prom hosted by Bullis was held in May 2016. This annual event, pairs teen-aged KEEN athletes with Bullis prom buddies for a one of kind, fantastic, prom experience.
Check out the amazing photos from past proms!
To read an article in the Potomac Almanac about the first prom, click here.


In this episode, Tim White and Doyce Testerman (http://doycetesterman.com) discuss taking your Northmoor game into the future – where do you go from where the published material leaves off? Specifically, we discuss the Paragon and Epic tiers, and reveal the secrets of the Star Temples!
Why the bad guys believe they are the good guys, and why, if alien enough, it doesn't matter.
The Cult of Gibbeth – Squamous Masons?
Also plugged is the Northmoor/Keep on the Shadowfell mashup.


OMNIG'ENOUS, a. [L. omnigenus; omnis, all, every, and genus, kind.] Consisting of all kinds.
Consisting of all kinds. Dict.
OMNIG'ENOUS, adjective [Latin omnigenus; omnis, all, every, and genus, kind.] Consisting of all kinds.


text:
Eda är en ort i Lagga socken i Knivsta kommun i Uppsala län.

Eda var till och med 2005 klassad som en småort, men miste den statusen 2010 när folkmängden hade sjunkit under 50 personer. Vid 2015 års småortsavgränsning återfanns här åter en småort.

Källor

Orter i Knivsta kommun
Småorter i Sverige


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For example, if someone enters your office building, trips over your rug and requires medical attention, general liability may cover the medical costs related to that individual's injury.
Professional Liability insurance - which is also referred to as errors and omissions insurance (E&O insurance) - is a type of policy that provides coverage in the event a customer accuses your painting business of negligence. If your customer decides to sue your business for mistakes related to your services, your professional liability insurance policy may cover damages and legal costs that you might be ordered to pay by a court.
If you've started hiring employees or subcontractors, you may be legally required to take out a workers compensation insurance.
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text:
Q: Perl WWW::Mechanize Comparing the response header content length of different urls I have a question I'm hoping you could help with?
I have two text files containing the following:
FILE1.txt
http://www.dog.com/
http://www.cat.com/
http://www.antelope.com/

FILE2.txt
1
2
Barry

The output I correctly achieve is as follows:
http://www.dog.com/1
http://www.dog.com/2
http://www.dog.com/Barry
http://www.cat.com/1
http://www.cat.com/2
http://www.cat.com/Barry
http://www.antelope.com/1
http://www.antelope.com/2
http://www.antelope.com/Barry

Code to do the above
    open my $animalUrls, '<', 'FILE1.txt' or die "Can't open: $!";
    open my $directory, '<', 'FILE2.txt' or die "Can't open: $!";

    my @directory = <$directory>;   #each line of the file into an array
    close $directory or die "Can't close: $!";

    while (my $line = <$animalUrls>) {
    chomp $line;
    print $line.$_ foreach (@directory);
    push (@newListOfUrls, $line.$_) foreach (@directory);  #put each new url into array
    }

Now the problem I am having:
I need to get the Content Length of the original urls (File1.txt) and compare the Content-Length of each of the new urls with the corresponding original one to see if they are the same or different, for example:

*

*I need to compare the Content-Length of http://www.dog.com/1 with the Content-Length of original url http://www.dog.com/ to see if there is a difference.

*Then I need to compare the Content-Length of http://www.dog.com/2 with the Content-Length of the original url http://www.dog.com/ to see if there is a difference.

*Then I need to compare the Content-Length of http://www.dog.com/Barry with the Content-Length of the original url http://www.dog.com/ to see if there is a difference.

*Then I need to compare the Content-Length of http://www.cat.com/1 with the Content-Length of the original url http://www.cat.com/ to see if there is a difference.

*Then I need to compare the Content-Length of http://www.cat.com/2 with the Content-Length of the original url http://www.cat.com/ to see if there is a difference.

*And so on........

Code to get the Content-Length:
print $mech->response->header('Content-Length');  #returns the content length

What I am having trouble with is how to compare each new url with the correct corresponding original one? (i.e not accidently comparing the Content-Length of http://www.cat.com/Barry with the Content-Length of http://www.dog.com/) Should I use a hash maybe and how would I go about that?
Your help with this would be much appreciated, Many Thanks

A: You should use a hash for this. I'd change your input code to make a more complex data structure, as this makes the task easier.
open my $animalUrls, '<', 'FILE1.txt' or die "Can't open: $!";
open my $directory, '<', 'FILE2.txt' or die "Can't open: $!";

my @directory = <$directory>;   #each line of the file into an array
close $directory or die "Can't close: $!";
my $newURLs;

while ( my $baseURL = <$animalUrls> ) {
  chomp $baseURL;

  SUBDIR: foreach my $subdir (@directory) {
    chomp $subdir;
    next SUBDIR if $subdir eq "";
    # put each new url into arrayref
    push( @{ $newURLs->{$baseURL} }, $baseURL . $subdir );
  }
}

We can now use this to our advantage. Assuming we have already set up Mechanize:
foreach my $url ( keys %{$newURLs} ) {
  # first get the base URL and save its content length
  $mech->get($url);
  my $content_length = $mech->response->header('Content-Length');

  # now iterate all the 'child' URLs
  foreach my $child_url ( @{ $newURLs->{$url} } ) {
    # get the content
    $mech->get($child_url);

    # compare
    if ( $mech->response->header('Content-Length') != $content_length ) {
      print "$child_url: different content length: $content_length vs "
        . $mech->response->header('Content-Length') . "!\n";
    }
  }
}

You could even do it without the second set of foreach loops by putting the code where you build up your data structure.
If you are unfamiliar with these references, take a look at perlreftut. What we have done here is make a hash with a key for each of the base URLs, and put an array of all the generated child URLs into that. If you use Data::Dumper to output the final $newURLs, it will look something like this:
$VAR1 = {
  'http://www.dog.com/' => [
    'http://www.dog.com/1',
    'http://www.dog.com/2',
   ],
  'http://www.cat.com/' => [
    'http://www.cat.com/1',
    'http://www.cat.com/2',
   ],
};

EDIT: I updated the code. I used these files to test it:
URLS:
http://www.stackoverflow.com/
http://www.superuser.com/

Dirs:
faq
questions
/

A: This code seems to do what you need. It stores all the URLs in @urls and prints the content lengths as it fetches each URL. I don't know what you need the length data for afterwards, but I have stored the lengths of each response in the hash %lengths to associate them with the URLs.
use 5.010;
use warnings;

use LWP::UserAgent;

STDOUT->autoflush;

my @urls;

open my $fh, '<', 'FILE1.txt' or die $!;
while (my $base = <$fh>) {
  chomp $base;
  push @urls, $base;
  open my $fh, '<', 'FILE2.txt' or die $!;
  while (my $path = <$fh>) {
    chomp $path;
    push @urls, $base.$path;
  }
}

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;

my %lengths;

for my $url (@urls) {
  my $resp = $ua->get($url);
  my $length = $resp->header('Content-Length');
  $lengths{$url} = $length;

  printf "%s  --  %s\n", $url, $length // 'undef';
}

output
http://www.dog.com/  --  undef
http://www.dog.com/1  --  56244
http://www.dog.com/2  --  56244
http://www.dog.com/Barry  --  56249
http://www.cat.com/  --  156
http://www.cat.com/1  --  11088
http://www.cat.com/2  --  11088
http://www.cat.com/Barry  --  11088
http://www.antelope.com/  --  undef
http://www.antelope.com/1  --  undef
http://www.antelope.com/2  --  undef
http://www.antelope.com/Barry  --  undef