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Eric Salter Balfour (born April 24, 1977) is an American actor and singer. He is the lead singer of Born As Ghosts, formerly known as Fredalba. His roles include Milo Pressman on the action-thriller TV series 24 and Duke Crocker in the supernatural series Haven.
Balfour was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Sharon (née Salter), who works as a marriage and family counselor, and David Balfour, a chiropractor. He has a younger sister, Tori. His family is Jewish.
After five years of dating, Balfour married fashion designer Erin Chiamulon on May 30, 2015 in Pacific Palisades, California.
Balfour appeared on the kids TV show Kids Incorporated for one season in 1991. During the early 1990s, he had a variety of minor juvenile roles on such television series as: Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, Arresting Behavior, Boy Meets World and Step by Step. In 1997, he appeared in the pilot for Buffy the Vampire Slayer, as one of the show's first victims, Jesse McNally. He appeared as a regular cast member in three short-lived TV shows. ABC's Veritas: The Quest was cancelled after four episodes in 2003, NBC's Hawaii was canceled after seven episodes in 2004, UPN's Sex, Love & Secrets was canceled after four episodes. Also in 2005, Balfour starred in the sexually explicit Canadian drama Lie with Me opposite Lauren Lee Smith. In March 2006, Balfour debuted as Brian Peluso on producer Dick Wolf's short-lived NBC crime drama, Conviction, which lasted one season. Balfour was also a guest star on the hit show Dawson's Creek, in the ninth episode of the first season.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Eric_Balfour
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Latest News for: Eric Balfour
Salman Schocken documentary premiers on Wednesday
The Jerusalem Post 17 Nov 2020
The new documentary Schocken ... Jerusalemites may know him as the man who built the Schocken Library, a beautiful research library that was designed by Eric Mendelsohn but which has been eclipsed by another, more famous building on Balfour Street — the Prime Minister's Residence ... He befriended the writer S.Y ... ....


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Rhys ap Rhydderch was the brother of Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, king of Deheubarth from 1044 to 1055. Both were the sons of Rhydderch ab Iestyn, who had been able to take over the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth from 1023 to 1033.

By 1045, he and his brother had secured control of Morgannwg, and the native chronicles mention that in 1045 the two brothers performed some treacherous action against Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, the king of Gwynedd and Powys. The exact nature of this treachery is not specified, however. Although both Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the brothers were rivals to rule Deheubarth, in the end, the two brothers became the rulers of the disputed territory. In 1049, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch joined with an Irish and Viking raiding party that raided England. Probably, Rhys was with his brother on this raid into England. The raid was opposed by Ealdred, the Bishop of Worcester, but the English forces were betrayed by Welsh soldiers serving with the English army, and the Welsh and Viking raiders defeated Ealdred's defenders.

King Edward the Confessor of England ordered the killing of Rhys in reprisal for his raiding of England, the decision being made at the royal court held at Christmas, 1052. Rhys was killed, according to the D version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, because he "did harmful things". The chronicle of Florence of Worcester recorded a bit more information, stating that Rhys was killed at "Bulendun", which may be Bullen's Bank near Clyro in Radnorshire.

After his death, Rhys' head was brought to King Edward on 5 January 1053. This left his brother as the only ruler in Deheubarth, but this did not last long, as around 1055, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn attacked the south and killed Gruffydd ap Rhydderch. This left Gruffydd ap Llywelyn as the sole ruler of Wales, the first Welshman to be so.

Citations

References

Welsh royalty
1053 deaths
11th-century Welsh people
Year of birth unknown

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Would you recommend Abacus for Slack to a friend?
Hey everyone, awesome to finally see Slack's message buttons in the wild! I've always been particularly excited about the prospect of initiating all sorts of payments from Slack - this is Abacus' contribution to that end. Most surprising stat (that perhaps shouldn't have been) that came out of our initial customer research was that 70% of our customer base was already on Slack, and so it was only natural that we bring some of the most powerful features of Abacus into the platform. Hopefully, we can get Prashanth and Ted in here to answer more questions on the design and engineering behind the project.


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Developing a company-specific job exposure matrix for the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study
Exposure assessment
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-4694Eleonora Feletto1,2,
Evgeny V Kovalevskiy3,4,
Sara J Schonfeld5,
Monika Moissonnier1,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-2259Ann Olsson1,
Sergey V Kashanskiy6,
Evgenia Ostroumova1,
Igor V Bukhtiyarov3,4,
Joachim Schüz1,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-1890Hans Kromhout7
1Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
2The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
3Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health", Moscow, Russian Federation
4I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Maryland, Russian Federation
5Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
6Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
7Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Correspondence to Professor Hans Kromhout, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; h.kromhout{at}uu.nl
Objectives Exposure assessment for retrospective industrial cohorts are often hampered by limited availability of historical measurements. This study describes the development of company-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs) based on measurements collected over five decades for a cohort study of 35 837 workers (Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study) in the Russian Federation to estimate their cumulative exposure to chrysotile containing dust and fibres.
Methods Almost 100 000 recorded stationary dust measurements were available from 1951-2001 (factories) and 1964–2001 (mine). Linear mixed models were used to extrapolate for years where measurements were not available or missing. Fibre concentrations were estimated using conversion factors based on side-by-side comparisons. Dust and fibre JEMs were developed and exposures were allocated by linking them to individual workers' detailed occupational histories.
Results The cohort covered a total of 515 355 employment-years from 1930 to 2010. Of these individuals, 15% worked in jobs not considered professionally exposed to chrysotile. The median cumulative dust exposure was 26 mg/m3 years for the entire cohort and 37.2 mg/m3 years for those professionally exposed. Median cumulative fibre exposure was 16.4 fibre/cm3 years for the entire cohort and 23.4 fibre/cm3 years for those professionally exposed. Cumulative exposure was highly dependent on birth cohort and gender. Of those professionally exposed, women had higher cumulative exposures than men as they were more often employed in factories with higher exposure concentrations rather than in the mine.
Conclusions Unique company-specific JEMs were derived using a rich measurement database that overlapped with most employment-years of cohort members and will enable estimation of quantitative exposure–response.
No data are available.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107438
What is already known about this subject?
Occupational exposure assessments in epidemiological studies aim to obtain accurate, precise and biologically relevant estimates, which can be meaningfully applied to assess an individual's exposure. In retrospective cohort studies limited exposure information over time can hamper this process. Most published chrysotile cohort studies have used a variety of methods to determine exposure, with limited data for relatively small industrial cohorts.
What are the new findings?
The exposure estimates derived are the most well-informed metrics available for a quantitative epidemiological risk analysis for occupational exposure to dust containing chrysotile asbestos. They show that workers employed in earlier years had considerable higher cumulative exposures and exposed women appeared to have considerably higher cumulative exposure than men mainly due to working in areas with higher exposures. Additionally, our analyses showed cumulative and average exposure intensity dust and fibre exposures to be strongly correlated (>0.70).
How might this impact on policy or clinical practice in the foreseeable future?
This study has outlined the development of comprehensive, company-specific job-exposure matrices that will be applied in exposure–response analyses between chrysotile dust and fibre concentrations and cancer mortality within the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study. Given the size, make-up and exposure history of the cohort deriving sex-specific risk estimates will be possible.
Occupational exposure assessments in epidemiological studies aim to obtain accurate, precise and biologically relevant estimates which can be meaningfully applied to assess an individual's exposure. Limited historical exposure information can hamper this process. Gold-standard exposure measurements come from detailed monitoring but are generally only available in cross-sectional or prospective studies. Therefore, retrospective, historical studies rely on alternative techniques including qualitative measures, and quantitative estimates derived from expert judgement, job-exposure matrices (JEMs), self-reported exposure or a combination.1 2 Even when measurements have been collected historically, complete coverage is not common3 and, as a result, some level of estimation or modelling is required to extrapolate exposure for years without measurements.1 2 4–6
The Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study is a historic cohort study of workers employed in the chrysotile enrichment factories and mine of the Joint Stock Company (JSC) Uralasbest in Asbest, Southern Urals, the Russian Federation, which commenced in 2010.7 8 As a company-specific cohort study, the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study requires a detailed company-specific JEM to permit the allocation of occupational exposure to chrysotile containing dust and fibres based on detailed occupational histories. From the 1950s, JSC Uralasbest systematically collected almost 100 000 stationary dust measurements across the various factories and the mine. The aim of this paper is to outline the development of company-specific JEMs in order to estimate dust and fibre exposures for workers and to illustrate estimated cumulative exposure to chrysotile containing dust and fibres within the cohort.
Details of the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study have previously been described.7 8 In brief, the cohort comprised 35 837 workers eligible for the study who worked for at least 1 year between 1975 and 2010 in factories and mine. The start year of 1975 was selected as the starting employment year as early, pilot data investigations showed that follow-up for mortality and migration would be incomplete and of lower quality before 1975 in this area of Russia.7 Using personal and occupation-related information extracted from company records, individual detailed occupational histories were recorded. Work locations were grouped into two areas. First, the mine and external rail group which involved the extraction of ore and its transportation. Second, the factories group where ore was broken down, enriched and refined, through a process of crushing and sorting, to consumer products.
JSC Uralasbest was established in 1896 and is still operational, largely focusing on the production of 50 kg packages of chrysotile, graded for use in textiles, pipes, slate and fillers. Over the study period, seven factories (numbered 0–6) as well as several mines, later combined into one, were in operation and exposure was measured by the Central Laboratory (online supplemental table 1). At its peak of production in the 1970s and 1980s, there were up to five factories operating at one time. From 1886 to 2001, over 4.5 billion tons of ore were mined and 43 million tons of chrysotile were produced. The currently reported production capacity of JSC Uralasbest is 300 thousand tons of chrysotile per year from 30 million tons of ore, with a combined mine and one factory in operation (factory 6).9–11
[oemed-2021-107438supp001.pdf]
Exposure monitoring and dust estimates
At JSC Uralasbest, dust concentrations were measured and recorded systematically starting in 1951 for the factories and 1964 for the mine and external rail. Dust monitoring continues to the present day. Due to a flood at JSC Uralasbest, all dust concentration records for the factories were destroyed for the years 1956–1958.
The method of collection and time trends in dust concentrations have been described previously.12 The measurements were taken at sampling points, located in areas corresponding to the breathing zone of workers or as close as possible,12 either once per month or every 10 days in the factories, and approximately once every 3 months in the mine.12
The Central Laboratory used stationary sampling techniques and reported measurements of all operations by sampling point, a fixed point in a factory or mine representing a physical area where work was conducted. A comprehensive dictionary mapped the sampling points to job groups (set of job titles) and a job group code was allocated to each worker's detailed occupational history record.12 In order to account for mobility of workers, job groups could be mapped to measurements from multiple sampling points. However, the sampling points were stationary and concentrations were not weighted for proportion of time spent around different sampling points or adjusted for variability in length of working shift. This method was used up to and including 2001 to reflect the national compliance standards for exposures in the workplace. From 2002 onwards, official reporting practices changed as the national standards were updated and JSC Uralasbest was required to report time weighed shift averages rather than measurements by sampling point. The reported time weighed shift averages were not used in this study and from 2002 onwards exposure estimates were, therefore, extrapolated to ensure consistency of exposure allocation using sampling point measurements for a total of 13% of the person-years.
Arithmetic mean monthly dust concentrations by sampling point were estimated based on available measurements per sampling point. Before an annual concentration by sampling point was derived, set criteria were applied. The criteria were that a sampling point required at least 2 monthly concentrations per year and at least 1 monthly concentration in one of two season categories, broadly defined as summer (June–September) and winter (October–May). When criteria were met, an annual average concentration per sampling point was estimated using the monthly measurements and, in the mine, a weight of 2:1 for winter versus summer (due to the long winter season) was applied. When criteria were not met, the sampling point was considered to have insufficient information and data were modelled and missing annual averages extrapolated. Sampling points were linked to a job group code using the Central Laboratory's comprehensive dictionary mapping sampling points and enable the eventual linkage to individual occupational histories. A job group for this study was a company-specific combination of job title and work location in a given time period. The sampling point annual average concentrations (mg/m3) were used to derive a job group code annual average concentration by taking the arithmetic mean annual concentration across all sampling points linked to a given job group code.
Where data were insufficient or missing (years prior to sampling started, lost records and after 2001), linear mixed models were used to extrapolate annual arithmetic mean concentrations by job group codes using SAS V.9.3 (SAS Institute). The linear mixed models estimated the missing exposure data for the mine and each factory as a function of the year and job group code. The models included fixed effects of year of exposure and random effects for job group code. In the early years, extremely high monthly dust concentrations were recorded, and extrapolations from linear mixed models (not shown) resulted in extreme, unrealistic dust concentrations in early years prior to systematic dust monitoring. As a result, monthly dust concentrations by sampling point were capped at 100 mg/m3, which affected only 1% of the monthly dust concentrations used in our study.
Fibre estimates
Unlike dust, fibres in the dust measurement samples were not measured on a regular basis. Therefore, exposure to chrysotile fibres had to be estimated using dust-to-fibre conversion factors described elsewhere.13 Briefly, data from side-by-side dust and fibre measurements were collected at JSC Uralasbest in 1995, 2007 and 2013–2014 and were used to derive conversion factors. The conversion factors were applied to the monthly dust concentrations by sampling point to derive a monthly estimated fibre concentration by sampling point. The monthly estimates were used to derive the annual estimated concentration of fibres per cubic centimetre of air (f/cm3) by job group code by taking the arithmetic mean annual concentration across all sampling points linked to a given job group code. Where dust measurements were extrapolated, monthly conversions were not possible thus estimated fibre concentrations were derived by applying the conversion factor to the extrapolated annual dust concentrations by the job group code described above.
Exposure allocation
The annual average dust and fibre concentrations per job group formed the dust and fibre JEMs. Estimated annual average concentrations were linked to each cohort member based on the job performed in each calendar year of the occupational history and adjusted for proportion of the year the individual worked in that job, referred to as employment-years.
Exposure metrics
For each worker, cumulative dust/fibre exposure and average dust/fibre exposure intensity were then calculated. Cumulative exposure estimates were calculated by summing the annual exposure estimates over an individual's occupational history. The average annual exposure intensity was estimated by dividing cumulative exposure estimates by duration of work in exposed jobs (detailed process illustrated in online supplementary figures 1 and 2).
The correlation structure of cumulative and average intensity exposure metrics was established for the entire cohort, males and females and by birth cohort. Given the debate around using the arithmetic mean or the geometric mean to derive exposure estimates for risk analyses,14 additional exposure metrics were derived based on geometric mean monthly dust and fibre concentrations by sampling point, mirroring the process above, and are presented along with their correlations.
The cumulative years worked by the 35 837 Asbest Chrysotile Cohort members were 515 355 employment-years (online supplementary table 1). Of these individuals, 15% worked in job groups recorded as not professionally exposed to chrysotile for their entire occupational history and they were assumed to have no exposure beyond background exposure. For the purposes of the analysis, they were not attributed an exposure but are reported in the findings as appropriate. Relatively more women worked in jobs without professional exposure to chrysotile (26%) compared with men (8%). The JEM for the factories was based on 91 402 dust measurements across the factories which covered 88% of the 167 509 professionally exposed employment-years (figure 1A). For the mine and external rail, there were 8100 dust measurements which covered 76% of the 227 458 professionally exposed employment-years (figure 1B).
Distribution of employment-years of cohort members and dust measurements in the (A) factories and (B) mine and external rail.
The breakdown of the cohort by gender, birth year cohort, year of first job period and work location are shown in table 1. Men represented 62.7% of the cohort and 92% were exposed. Women represented 37.3% of the cohort and 73% were exposed. Women, however, had a slightly higher median number of employment years than men (11.9 vs 10.4). Exposed women had considerably higher median cumulative dust and fibre exposure than exposed men (respectively, 49.4 vs 31.4 mg/m3 years and 32.9 vs 19.3 fibre/cm3 years).
Key cohort characteristics and their exposure (based on arithmetic mean monthly concentration per sampling point)
As expected, the median work duration and cumulative dust and fibre exposures decreased by birth cohort and year of first job period. By work location, workers were categorised into three groups: those who only worked in the factories, those who only worked in the mine or external rail and those who worked in both (table 1). Most of the cohort had only worked in the factories and 79% of these workers were exposed. Eighty-eight per cent of those working only in the mine or external rail and 94% of those working in both mine and factories were exposed. The median work duration was longest for those in both locations followed by factories and then mine or external rail at 13.3, 11.0 and 9.8 years, respectively.
The median cumulative dust exposure was highest for workers in the factories followed by those in both areas and then those working in the mine or external rail at 53.4, 41.4 and 25.9 mg/m3 years, respectively. Median cumulative fibre exposures followed the same pattern at 38.0, 26.0 and 15.2 fibres/cm3 years, respectively. Figure 2 illustrates the average dust and fibre exposure intensity of professionally exposed workers by gender. For men, the average dust exposure intensity was 3.0 mg/m3 and average fibre exposure intensity was 1.8 fibres/cm3. For women, the average dust exposure intensity was 4.5 mg/m3 and average fibre exposure intensity was 3.1 fibres/cm3.
Average dust and fibre intensity by gender.
Cumulative dust and fibre exposures by gender and work location are illustrated in figure 3. For professionally exposed men, 18% (3724) had worked in factories and they had median cumulative dust and fibre exposures of 50.3 mg/m3 years and 35.2 fibres/cm3 years, respectively. For those whose sole work location were the mine and external rail, the median cumulative dust and fibre exposures were lower at 24.9 mg/m3 years and 14.8 fibres/cm3 years, respectively (58%, 11 987 men). The remaining 4954 men had worked in both locations and their cumulative dust and fibre exposures were 36.6 mg/m3 years and 22.9 fibres/cm3 years, respectively.
Cumulative dust and fibre exposure by work location and gender.
For professionally exposed women, 54% (5260) worked only in factories and they had median cumulative dust and fibre exposures of 54.8 mg/m3 years and 39.3 fibres/cm3 years, respectively. For those working solely in the mine and external rail, the median cumulative dust and fibre exposures were lower at 32 mg/m3 years and 18 fibres/cm3 years, respectively (21%, 2089 women). The remaining 2434 women had worked in both locations and their cumulative dust and fibre exposures were 50.1 mg/m3 years and 33.6 fibres/cm3 years, respectively.
The exposure metrics based on the geometric mean monthly dust exposure per sampling point are presented in online supplemental table 2.
The correlation structure of all derived exposure metrics is presented in online supplementary table 3. There was a strong positive correlation between cumulative dust and fibre exposure at 0.77. There was also a strong positive correlation between average dust and fibre exposure intensity at 0.70. The correlation between the estimates based on arithmetic and geometric mean concentrations per sampling point were very strong (>0.97).
The dust and fibre JEMs for the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study were based on almost 100 000 stationary measurements covering 5 decades which comprise the largest source of historic dust concentrations to inform a study of occupational exposure to chrysotile to our knowledge. Median cumulative dust and fibre exposure decreased over time by birth year and by year of first job, corresponding to our previous observation of decreasing dust levels with time especially in the factories.10 Median cumulative exposure was higher for women than men, driven by the majority of exposed women working in the factories where dust and fibre concentrations were higher compared with the mine and external rail. Women also had a slightly higher median work duration than men.
There was a strong correlation between dust and fibre for cumulative exposure estimates as well as average intensity of exposure to dust and fibres, partially a consequence of the derivation of fibre estimates. Both metrics will be applied in future risk analyses of chrysotile exposure and mortality.8 Given the very strong correlation between arithmetic and geometric mean monthly average concentrations, no impact from the choice of mean in the risk estimation would be expected.15
A strength of this study was the extensive, systematically collected dust measurements from which the JEM could be developed which resulted in an unprecedented coverage of 81% of person-years with actual measurements (88% and 76% in the factories and mine, respectively). This is considerably higher than previously reported for other industry based studies, for instance, three cohort studies in the petroleum industry had a person-year coverage of 9%, 10% and 46%.3 Also, the dust measurements were collected with the same type of equipment and with the same sampling strategy over time. Only after 2001 the reporting method changed and, therefore, to ensure consistency for the years after 2001, the data from 2002 to 2010 were extrapolated (for a total of 13% of the employment-years).
Retrospective exposure assessments often require some level of estimation over the entire exposure period.4 Detailed methodologies used for exposure estimations in other studies are not readily available in the published literature. This has limited our ability to directly compare our estimates to those from other industrial cohort studies on chrysotile exposure. There are asbestos related community-based case-control studies that face various exposure assessment derivation issues and often have to rely on expert-based and job-exposure matrix-based proxy measures in the absence of measured exposures.16 However, recently quantitative measures have been generated for community-based case-control studies as well that resulted in convincing excess lung cancer risks at low cumulative exposure levels.17 Thus, we have chosen to highlight the most comparable cohort studies in chrysotile mines and processing factories (including men only) and a fourth study of textile factory in South Carolina (which included women) which are compared (table 2).
Comparison of the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort with other chrysotile cohort studies
The Quebec cohort of chrysotile mine workers included 10 918 men who had 425 160 person-years of follow-up to May 1992, with no reported median work duration.18 The dust exposure data were extracted from an annual survey with midget impingers to 1966, and from 1967 onwards an estimate was used based on a 13 point scale.18 The mean annual dust concentration for the factories decreased from the late 1940s to mid-1960s,19 similar to the downwards trends in the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort factories and mines.12 Cumulative dust exposure for the Quebec cohort ranged from 0 to 8000 mg/m3 years, considerably higher than our study. In China, the Qinghai Provence Chrysotile mine cohort comprised 1539 men who worked for an average of 27.3 years.20 The median exposure was 108.7 mg/m3 years which was considerably higher than the median cumulative dust exposure in the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort which was 24.9 mg/m3 years for men working in the mine who had median work duration of only 10.4 years. The Balangero mine and mill in northern Italy was active from 1917 to 1985, with a complete shutdown in 1990.21–24 Exposure data were available based on four surveys from 1967 to 1970 and from 1975 systematic collection methods were used.23 Cumulative fibre exposure ranged from 3 to 2700 fibre/cm3 years for a subset of 974 men with 15 760 person-years of exposure,24 considerably higher than the men in the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study. In comparison to other studies, the men in our cohort have lower cumulative exposures on average which can be partially attributed to the proportion of the cohort employed in more recent time periods with lower exposure and shorter employment duration.
Although representative of a different industry, the South Carolina asbestos textile plant cohort is one of the few chrysotile studies to include women.25 Their median work duration was approximately 1 year, and the median cumulative fibre exposure was 4.2 fibre-years for women. When compared with the South Carolina cohort, the cumulative exposure of women in the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study was higher. This is due to a longer employment duration for women in the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study despite potentially higher intensity of exposure in the asbestos textile plants of South Carolina.25 When we compare the cumulative exposure estimates of the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study with those of the pooled case-control studies (including a Russian study) we see for men an almost 20 times higher exposure (19.3 vs 1.21 f/mL-years) and for women an almost 60 times higher exposure (32.9 vs 0.57 f/mL years).17 In addition to these cohort studies, a recent developed JEM for the Baie Verte Miners' Cohort in Canada showed declining yearly average fibre concentrations from the mid-1960s to 199426 similar to that reported for the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort factories and mine.13
Our study has various limitations. The data used were monthly averages of dust concentrations. Given the strict measurement protocols used at the time, the data would not adversely impact the estimated exposure by the lack of explicit inclusion of within-day and between-day variability in exposure. Additionally, the sampling method used to collect dust concentrations used stationary samplers. Exposure based on the use of personal samplers would have been preferable, as stationary samplers may either overestimate or underestimate exposure.27 The sampling equipment, measurement strategy, procedures and calculations are described in detail in Schonfeld et al.12 Finally, there were missing exposure data and linear mixed models were required for interpolation and extrapolation. This was necessary for a total of 19% of employment-years.
Another limitation stems from converting dust concentrations to fibre which were informed by only three sets of parallel measurements relatively recently collected, as outlined in Feletto et al.13 Estimated conversion factors were derived by work process unit which were consistent in the factories over time. The conversion factors appeared to be dependent on dust concentrations, that is, the higher the dust concentration the lower the conversion factor. Moreover, dust concentrations during the parallel dust/fibre measurements reached a maximum of 15 mg/m3. To avoid underestimation of fibre concentrations at dust levels above 15 mg/m3 occurring in earlier time periods, the estimated conversion factor used a 15 mg/m3 cap for any dust concentration >15 mg/m3.13 However, the 15 mg/m3 cap affected only 8% of the monthly concentrations used limiting the impact on epidemiological analyses. Both dust and fibre metrics will be applied in future (sensitivity) risk analyses to address the risk of bias that may arise when applying estimated fibre concentrations.
Finally, there might have been some extent of exposure misclassification especially among the 15% of the cohort whose workplaces were not systematically monitored, as was also noted in a recent study.26 These cohort members had jobs like nursery school teachers, general cleaners and office workers who worked in locations that did not require systematic measurements to be recorded, as direct exposure in these jobs in these locations were not considered to experience relevant exposure. This practice was in line with the national regulations for monitoring occupational exposures to hazardous agents. In practice, the majority of these cohort members would have had background exposure and some might have occasionally entered areas where exposure measurements were carried out. A realistic estimate of these cohort members' exposure could not be estimated due to lack of detailed information on frequency and duration of their presence in areas with exposure and they were, therefore, considered not to be professionally exposed.
This study has outlined the development of comprehensive, company-specific JEMs to be applied in exposure-response analyses between occupational exposure to chrysotile and cancer mortality within the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study. The JEMs were informed by the largest reported number of measured dust concentrations, with excellent coverage of employment-years of the cohort, compared with previous studies and has enabled the estimation of annual job-specific exposure for dust and fibre. The results illustrated the high correlation of exposures derived using dust or fibre and using either arithmetic or geometric mean concentrations as input for the JEM. The exposure estimates are some of the most well-informed metrics available for quantitative risk analysis within a retrospective cohort exposed to dust containing chrysotile.
Ethics statements
Patient consent for publication
The study was approved by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Ethics Committee (IEC No. 12–22, September 2012). The Ethic Committee and an independent Scientific Advisory Board (see the Acknowledgements section) monitor the progress of the study on an annual basis.
The study is monitored by an independent Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), which oversees the progress of the study; the SAB members are Professor Franco Merletti (Chair), Professor Mads Melbye (until 2017), Professor Julian Peto, Professor Martin Röösli (from 2017) and Dr Antti Tossavainen. The authors also like to thank the Data Entry Team at Asbest and the Study Team members of the Asbest Chrysotile Cohort Study not involved in this particular task, for their contribution to the study. Where authors are identified as personnel of IARC/WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article, and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of IARC/WHO.
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Contributors EF and HK led the study, conducted the analyses and drafted the manuscript. SJS and MM contributed to data preparation and interpretation. EVK, AO, SVK, EO and IVB contributed to the manuscript and advised on study specific context and details. JS supervised the overall study and advised on all aspects of the study. All authors reviewed various manuscript drafts.
Funding This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the framework of the Federal target programme 'National System of Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation' of 2009–2014 and of 2015–2020 under a general framework of action between the Federal state budgetary scientific institution 'Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health' and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The work by Dr Schonfeld on this manuscript was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA. The work by Dr Feletto on this manuscript was supported by Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Competing interests EVK and SVK reported receiving, on behalf of their institutes and personally through consulting firms, payments from companies to evaluate exposure to asbestos and risk of asbestos-related disease in those workplaces. All other authors have no competing interests to declare. For full transparency, EVK reported participation as an occupational and environmental health expert as part of the delegation of the Russian Ministry of Health at multiple World Health Assembly meetings as well as at the Conference of the Parties to the Basel and Rotterdam Conventions. EVK and SVK reported attending meetings organised by the International Chrysotile Association and reported that all expenses for attendance were paid by their respective institutes.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Christopher Meloni-Net Worth, Movies, Bio, Wife Children, House, Height
December 18, 2020 by Daniel Larshon
Full NameChristopher Peter Meloni
First NameChristopher
Middle NamePeter
Last NameMeloni
Birth nameChristopher Peter Meloni
AKA["Chris"]
EthnicityMixed (French, Canadian & Sardinian)
Birth CityWashington, District of Columbia
Father NameCharles Robert Meloni (1927-2012)
Father ProfessionEndocrinologist
Mother NameCecile Meloni (1926- 2016)
HoroscopeAries
Fact TitleChristopher Meloni
Married Day1
SpouseSherman Williams
Facebookhttps://www.facebook.com/christopher.meloni.5209/
Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/chris_meloni/
Twitterhttps://twitter.com/chris_meloni
Filmography["12 Monkeys (1995)","Bound (1996)","Man of Steel (2013)","42 (2013)"]
EducationUniversity of Colorado at Boulder
Christopher Meloni, an American actor got a breakthrough to fame through NBC TV series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (1999- 2011), after portraying NYPD Detective Elliot Stabler.
Turned professional since 1988, the Primetime Emmy nominee worked way to the TV through commercials & made acting debut in TV series 1st & Ten in 1989.
So far, Meloni records 90 acting credits that include his notable works in the films: 12 Monkeys (1995), Bound (1996), Man of Steel (2013), and 42 (2013).
Meloni Is A Millionaire: Net Worth In 2020?
With over 3 decades of career in the acting industry, Christopher Meloni has grabbed wide acclaim as well as fortune. According to Celebrity Net Worth, 59-year-old Meloni has a net worth of $30 million as of April 2020.
The Washington, D.C.-born actor, after stints in many TV series & films, got a career breakthrough from crime-drama TV series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in 1999.
Throughout 2011 (Season 1- Season 12), he appeared as Detective Elliot Stabler in the aforementioned TV series, which showered him millions of dollars.
As for a fact, to date, Christopher is considered 3rd richest cast in Law & Order: SVU, behind Ice-T with a fortune of $60 million; Mariska Hargitay is the wealthiest-among all & owns $70 million.
Over the years, the actor starred in box-office hit films: 12 Monkeys (1995), Runaway Bride (1999) and Man of Steel (2013) that aided in his fortune growth.
Salary From 'Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'
Reported in 2007, 6 ft. tall Meloni was earning $350,000-an-episode from Law & Order: SVU; even more, it was reported he signed a deal with NBC that would earn him $6.5 million in further 2 seasons.
As per IMDB, in Season 9 (2009- 2010), the American actor earned $400,000 per episode.
During his last season (Season 12, 2010- 2011), Christopher made $395,000-an-episode; there were a total of 24 episodes that collectively made $9.48 million from the entire season.
Journey To Acting Prominence & Career Before TV Fame
Formerly, Christopher Meloni worked as a construction worker & then briefly worked as a bouncer, bartender, and personal trainer.
The graduate of the University of Colorado at Boulder, Meloni later landed in commercials that opened his gateway to a TV career.
He made his acting debut through the TV series 1st & Ten (1989- 1990) and then in the TV film When Will I Be Loved? (1990).
Thereafter, he appeared in other TV series The Fanelli Boys (1990-1991, 17 episodes), The Boys (1993) & in NYPD Blue (1996- 1997, 5 episodes) starring Dennis Franz, James McDaniel, and Gordon Clapp.
From 1998 to 2003, the American actor was a recurring cast in the TV drama series Oz starring J. K. Simmons, Rita Moreno, Ernie Hudson, and Lee Tergesen.
Later, in 1999, Meloni was cast in the legal-drama series Law & Order: Special Victim Unit, & worked until 2011, totaling appearance in 272 episodes.
The Law & Order series won him an OFTA Television Award in 1999 & earned a nomination for the 2006 Primetime Emmy Award.
Further TV works of the actor as the main cast include True Blood (2012), Underground (2016- 2017), and Happy! (2017- 2019).
Movies & Its Box-Office Collection
Meloni made his film debut from Clean Slate (1994) & appeared in the buddy comedy film Junior, the same year, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Danny DeVito and Emma Thompson.
In 1995, he appeared in the box-office hit 12 Monkeys starring Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt. In 1996, Christopher portrayed Johnnie Mazzone, the hotheaded son of a Mafia don, in the critically acclaimed movie Bound.
Thereafter, Meloni starred in the many box-office blockbusters: Runaway Bride (1999) and Man of Steel (2013).
Meloni portrayed Colonel Nathan Hardy in the 2013 superhero film Man of Steel
Source: Rolling Stone
His appearance in critically acclaimed films includes 42 (2013) and The Diary Of A Teenage Girl (2015).
Some other notable film works of the actor are in Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Harold & Kumar Go film series (2004 & 2008), and Carriers (2009).
Box-Office Collection:
Films Budget Box-Office Collection
Junior (1994) $60 million $108.4 million
12 Monkeys (1995) $29.5 million $168.8 million
Runaway Bride (1999) starring Julia Roberts & Richard Gere $70 million $309.4 million
Man of Steel (2013) alongside Henry Cavill, Amy Adams & Russell Crowe $225-$258 million $668 million
Ownership Of Properties: Where Does He Live?
Christopher Meloni currently lives in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, with his wife Sherman Williams & 2 children.
The couple married on July 1, 1995, & shares daughter Sophia Eva Pietra (b. March 23, 2001) and son Dante Amadeo (b. January 2, 2004), both via surrogacy.
The Law & Order: SVU actor bought the 5-bedroom & 5-bathroom property in LA in December 2014 for a reported $5.25 million. It was formerly acquired by The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet stars Ozzie and Harriet Nelson.
Furthermore, the actor owns another property in New Milford, Connecticut, which is his weekend home.
Sold Homes In New York & Connecticut
Formerly, Meloni's family of 4 lived in New York City apartment spread over 2,977 square ft. & boasting 3 bedrooms & 4.5 bathrooms, until it was sold for $8.95 million in September 2015.
With his wife Sherman, Meloni bought the Midtown apartment in June 2005 for $4.5 million. Reportedly, it saw a $3 million slash in asking price of $12 million (of March 2012) as it previously failed to lure a buyer.
As reported, the duo also once owned an 8,063-sq. ft. mansion at 982 Oenoke Ridge in New Canaan, Connecticut.
The 5-bedroom property cost them $4.381 million at the time of purchase in August 2012 & the following April, Christopher put it for sale asking $4.8 million.
After 2 years, the house was sold at a loss in December 2014 for $4.3 million.
Read More: Pamela Bowen-Net Worth
Donations & Charity Works
An acclaimed card shark, Meloni competed in Celebrity Poker Showdown (in 2004 & 2006); he finished 2nd in 2006 & gave his prize money to Feed the Children.
In 2006, he appeared in Celebrity Jeopardy! & donated each half of the $50,000 charity prize to Big Apple Circus Clown Care Program and the Montefiore Advocacy Center.
Later, Christopher, in 2009, appeared in Million Dollar Celebrity Invitational & gave his $25,000 earnings to non-profit Smile Train.
He has associations with other non-profit organizations like Alzheimer's Association, Joyful Heart Foundation, and Human Rights Campaign.
Did you know? As an avid supporter of LGBT rights, Christopher has appeared in public service announcements on behalf of LGBT. Along with actor Jake Gyllenhaal and director Ang Lee, he was awarded the Human Rights Campaign's Equality Award in 2006.
Short-Bio
Christopher Peter Meloni was born on April 2, 1961, in Washington, District of Columbia, the USA. His father Charles Robert Meloni (1927-2012) was an endocrinologist while mother Cecile Meloni (1926- 2016) was a homemaker.
Chris is the youngest of 3 children; he has an elder brother Robert Meloni Jr & an elder sister named Michele Meloni.
He attended St. Stephen's & St. Agnes School and enrolled at the University of Colorado at Boulder, from where he graduated in history in 1983.
After moving to New York, Meloni went to Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre and in Center for the Media Arts.
Categories Biography, Actor, Celebrity, Television Series Tags Awards, Income Sources, Movies, Net Worth 2020 Post navigation
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Nashville Post: Contest yields architect for boutique SoBro hotel
Original Author: William Williams
"After previously targeting a mid-2017 groundbreaking for his then-$18 million hotel project, local businessman and developer Mark Cleveland changed directions and had The Architect Workshop and Tuck-Hinton, both locally based, compete to design the hotel structure for his site, which is bordered by Lafayette Street, Ash/Division streets, and Fourth Avenue South.
The contest approach was distinctive — much like the boutique hotel building is expected be. It offered 10 metrics, with each one worth between five and 20 points. The final point tally was a mere three-point differential in Tuck-Hinton's favor. Of note, runner-up The Architect Workshop will be paid $10,000 for its time and effort." Read full NP article >
Nashville Post: SoBro hotel design to derive from contest
Two local firms will compete to serve as architect for Stanza project
"...Cleveland has two firms competing to design the hotel structure and will have the pair present before a panel of judges this month. The Stanza Nashville Hotel Design Competition will be held Wednesday, March 27, at the Nashville Civic Design Center.
The two finalists are The Architect Workshop (with James Kennon overseeing the effort) and Tuck-Hinton Architecture and Design (with Mary Roskilly spearheading). Each presentation is expected to require 45 minutes to an hour..." Read full NP article >
See behind the scene interviews with the judges and design firms on Facebook Live.
Event Date: March 27th, 2019
Event Time: 7PM CST
More details to come. Be sure to follow Stanza Hotel on Facebook >
Civic Design Center CEO, Gary Gaston shared that he does not recall another privately initiated design competition process conducted in Nashville, noting, "This is an exciting and innovative approach. I look forward to seeing the finalists."
Stanza Nashville Featured By Tennessean: Nashville businesses get creative to solve parking crunch
As the trend for traffic and parking density continues to grow, some of Nashville's businesses have been seeking to address the problem head on. The Stanza Nashville Hotel has been among these problem solving companies and has been quickly growing in recognition for its light-traffic-footprint business model.
When the Tennessean caught wind of some of these creative and unique solutions, they sent journalists out to cover the story.
Here's some of what the Tennessean had to say about Stanza Nashville:
"...For those guests who bring a car, Cleveland plans to shuttle them from a nearby parking lot to the hotel in autonomous vehicles, giving them a unique opportunity to experience self-driving cars as he avoids the need for parking on the small site...
Separately, Cleveland has launched a carpooling app in Nashville, Hytch, which has gained 670 users in the past four months. The focus is on coordinating rides with other locals, but relying on autonomous vehicles to provide the rides is part of Cleveland's long-term plans."
See Full Original Article By Tennessean >
Nashville Post: Entrepreneur sees 'once-in-a-lifetime' opportunity with boutique hotel project
The Nashville Post's Managing Editor, William William's meets with our Chief Inspirational Officer and Owner, Mark Cleveland for an in depth interview about the coming launch of this unique hotel project:
"Local entrepreneur Mark Cleveland continues to move forward with his Stanza Nashville, a 12-story "micro flat-iron building" targeted for SoBro and to house a boutique hotel...
I understand you now hope to break ground on Stanza Nashville by year's end. Originally, you had hoped for mid-year. Thoughts?
My goal is to break ground by the end of the year. I'm approaching this project like it's a once-in-a- lifetime opportunity to build a uniquely distinctive structure and challenge myself to rethink the value of everything delivered in this new hospitality experience. Done right, we get to change the expectations for affordable accommodations in Nashville.
It is a real challenge get the offering just right, and not overbuild. I expect to build a strong proof of concept that stands alone in the Nashville market, but I hope in the process to discover a platform for a new national brand born in Nashville."
For the rest of the interview, visit the full article by the Nashville Post HERE >
Nashville Banner: If State Allows Driverless Cars, Credit Developer of Automated Budget Hotel
Floorplan: bachelor(ette) parties and business teams will be able to rent the floor and stay together.
"Businessman building innovative lodge for downtown's bachelor(ette)s, conventioneers wants to use autonomous vehicles to shuttle guests... ...Because Cleveland's lot is so small, parking will be non-existent. Cleveland hopes guests will use Uber and Lyft, take taxis, loaner bikes, or walk. The $25 million Division Street enhancements going on right now will extend to the property and improve walking and biking safety around the future hotel.
Some guests will inevitably have a car though, so Cleveland has come up with an innovative idea. Guests can park at a lot down the street and a driverless car will follow them and bring them back to the hotel. "People will fly into Nashville just to experience this," Cleveland says. Eventually, a second driverless car may be deployed to shuttle guests to popular tourist destinations.
There is only one problem with the plan. Driverless cars aren't legal on Tennessee roads. That doesn't deter Cleveland. This hotel developer is a proven business leader who founded Swiftwick athletic socks, is CEO of Hobby Express, a manufacturer of radio-controlled airplanes, spent 17 years in the transportation business and has held management positions at nine other companies. He knew what to do..." - Segment from Nashville Banner article.
See how our Chief Inspiration Officer, Mark Cleveland plans to bring the future of transportation to Tennessee:
Read Full Official Article at nashvillebanner.com>
Original Article by Nashville Banner's, Amy Eskind
Smart City. Smart Vehicles. Smart Hotel.
Our Chief Inspiration Officer and owner of the Stanza Nashville property, Mark A. Cleveland is developing a technology demonstration platform — in the form of a hotel — a clean, inspirational and ultra modern atmosphere that appeals to anyone with a smart phone and a budget.
This is about creating an astounding, fully automated hospitality experience in a brand new facility near the heart of Nashville. Our building will greet you, the elevator knows your story and your room is ready. We know that hospitality and service is about getting exactly what you want, for a great value.
Stanza Nashville intends to deliver the richest experience at the lowest cost for a hotel stay within blocks of the Music City Convention Center and Broadway. To be a low cost provider, you have to eliminate unnecessary costs, like cars and parking garages. In fact, our approach to transportation is part of our competitive advantage. Bachelorette parties and other groups do not need or want rental cars in a Smart City like Nashville.
This is the first major hotel development to take advantage of Nashville's urban development policy to allow buildings with no parking required. Yes, we save millions by skipping the excess land and cost of a parking garage. Just take Uber or Lyft wherever you want to go. If you must bring a car, we planned to offer an autonomous valet vehicle. The technology exists right now to use automated vehicles to transport guests to and from affordable off site parking, but our virtual valet requires the state of Tennessee create the structure for such a pilot program. So, we plan to make it happen by working working with Tennessee legislators (and Governor Haslam's administration) to put driverless cars in service. Stanza Nashville, a smart hotel in a smart city leading the way to a transportation and hospitality revolution.
Brentwood Home Page: Williamson County entrepreneur to construct hotel in Nashville
"A Brentwood serial entrepreneur will soon break ground on a new, boutique hotel concept in downtown Nashville.
Developer Mark Cleveland, former NEXT Awards Entrepreneur of the Year in his role as CEO of Williamson County's Swiftwick, revealed his plans for his Stanza Nashville Hotel. The NEXT Award is given by the Nashville Chamber of Commerce and the Entrepreneur Center recognizing his contribution as CEO of Williamson County's Hobby Express and as a co-founder of Swiftwick. Cleveland also serves on the Board of Directors for Williamson Inc., the Williamson County Chamber.
'Before the rest of the country discovered the 'it' city, I bought in. I consider myself an investor in Nashville,' he said. 'This is a concept that serves cost conscious small business owners attending conventions in Nashville. I know that market because that's me.' "
Read Full Official Article at brentwoodhomepage.com>
Original Article by Franklin Home Page's, Emily West
Nashville Post: SoBro site targeted for 'micro flat-iron' hotel building
"Local entrepreneur Mark Cleveland is targeting a June 2016 groundbreaking for a SoBro-based 12-story "micro flat-iron building" with a floor plate of a mere 5,000 square feet.
With the modest footprint (for comparison, the missile-like L&C Tower offers a floor plate of about 6,500 square feet) and rising upwards of about 140 feet, the building could be Nashville's most slender inhabitable structure of 10 stories or more. To sit at the point at which Lafayette Street, Fourth Avenue South and Ash Street create a triangle (and along the recently started Division Street Extension), the structure should rank among the city's most distinctive and iconic, Cleveland said.
Cleveland is calling the hotel Stanza Nashville and it will not offer a regional or national brand. He has enlisted Nashville-based Kennon Calhoun Workshop for design. The firm's Josh Spence will serve as project development director, with James Kennon to be the lead architect."
Read Full Official Article at nashvillepost.com>
Original Article by Nashville Post's, William Williams
Nashville Business Journal Spreads The WORD about Stanza Nashville
"Nashville entrepreneur Mark Cleveland, who stepped away from his CEO role at Swiftwick last year, is getting into the city's white-hot hotel business.
Cleveland has drawn up plans for a 117-room boutique hotel at 400 Lafayette St., a project dubbed Stanza Nashville. Cleveland, the co-founder of Switwick and owner of Brentwood's specialty hobby shop Hobby Express, calls the concept a 'micro hotel.'...
The Tenessean Announces Coming of Stanza Nashville
"Add the co-founder of Brentwood-based athletic sock company Swiftwick to developers pursuing boutique hotel projects near downtown Nashville.
Mark Cleveland, also chief executive of radio-controlled product company Hobby Express, is pursuing Stanza Nashville hotel.
The $18 million, 12-story, 117-room hotel planned at 400 Lafayette St. will target conventioneers during the week and bachelor and bachelorette parties on weekends.
"Our transportation strategy is a key differentiator," Cleveland said, adding Stanza Nashville won't provide on-site parking.
Stanza Nashville


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USA > West Coast Tours > California Tours > San Francisco, CA
10-Day Yellowstone, Antelope Canyon, Las Vegas, Grand Canyon West Rim, Mount Rushmore Tour from San Francisco
Devils Tower : Devils Tower National Monument
Grand Canyon : Grand Canyon West Rim
Grand Canyon : Skywalk Glass Bridge
Grand Canyon : West Rim Grand Canyon Helicopter and Boat Tour
From USD $758
Available: Sun (7/30 - 9/29)
Depart from: San Francisco, CA; Dublin, CA; Oakland, CA
Language: English; Mandarin Chinese
Duration: 10 Days 9 Nights
ChatNotify me when available
Buy 2 Get 3rd Discounted 5% Group Discount1. Receive 5% off when you purchase 3+ rooms on the same tour (single order only).
2. Receive 3% off when you book 3+ multi-day tours with minimum order total of $500 at once. Not valid in conjunction with any other discounts or pricing offers.
View Available Dates
Visit Bryce Canyon National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Grand Canyon, Crazy Horse, Yellowstone, Casper, Las Vegas, Antelope Canyon, Devils Tower, Page, Salt Lake City, Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Inclusions: 9 nights hotel accommodations, All domestic ground transportation
Special Remarks:
Free upgrade to Las Vegas Park MGM Hotel for 2 nights
Visit 10 Yellowstone attractions
San Francisco - Las Vegas (568 miles)
Las Vegas - St George (119 miles)
St. George - Page - Antelope Canyon - Bryce Canyon - Salt Lake City (494 miles)
Provo - Jackson Hole - Grand Teton - Yellowstone (330 miles)
Yellowstone - Sheridan (244 miles)
Sheridan - Devils Tower - Mt. Rushmore - Crazy Horse - Casper (526 miles)
Casper - Salt Lake City (408 miles)
Salt Lake City - Las Vegas (420 miles)
Las Vegas - Grand Canyon West Rim - Las Vegas (541 miles)
Las Vegas - San Francisco (568 miles)
View Itinerary Details
Copyright © 2021 by TakeTours.com.
Day 1 San Francisco - Las Vegas (568 miles)
Today we will depart from San Francisco and go to the Las Vegas.
Standard Hotel: Circus Circus Hotel Las Vegas or similar
Day 2 Las Vegas - St George (119 miles)
After having some free time in Las Vegas in the morning, we will head to St. George, UT for the night.
Standard Hotel: Red Lion St George or similar
Day 3 St. George - Page - Antelope Canyon - Bryce Canyon - Salt Lake City (494 miles)
In the morning, we will visit the Lower Antelope Canyon and Lake Powell. Then, we will drive to Bryce Canyon National Park and explore the area for a while before heading to Salt Lake City, UT, for the night.
Page, AZ Page is a city in Coconino County, AZ, near the Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell. Page was founded in 1957 as a housing community for workers and their families during the construction of nearby Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River.
Lake Powell Lake Powell is a beautiful reservoir along the Colorado River amid the vast desert expanses of Utah. It is in the vicinity of the Rainbow Bridge, Ticaboo Canyon, and iconic Antelope Canyon.
Antelope Canyon, AZ Antelope Canyon is a beautiful slot canyon located on the Navajo Nation near Page, Arizona. Lower Antelope Canyon is longer, narrower in spots, and even footing is not available in all areas.
Lower Antelope Canyon The lower canyon is in the shape of a "V" and Longer, shallower than the Upper Antelope. Lighting is better in the early hours and late morning. It draws a considerable number of photographers.
Our booking time is 8:15am at Arizona time (GMT-7). We must arrive 15 minutes ahead of this time, otherwise we'll not allowed into the park.
Admission (Optional): Adult $65; Child (7-12 yrs) $45; Infant (Under 7 yrs) Free; Include $3 Tip to Local Indian Guide|Duration: Approx. 1 Hour 30 Minutes
Bryce Canyon National Park, UT Bryce Canyon National Park is named for just one of many canyons which form a series of horseshoe-shaped amphitheaters on the edge of the Paunsaugunt Plateau in southern Utah.
Duration: Approx. 1 Hour
Standard Hotel: Baymont by Wyndham Provo or similar
Day 4 Provo - Jackson Hole - Grand Teton - Yellowstone (330 miles)
Today we depart for Grand Teton National Park, making a stop at Jackson Hole, WY on the way. After spending some time exploring this amazing park, we will continue on to Yellowstone, where we will have the remainder of the day to tour this world-famous park, home to sights like Old Faithful.
Grand Teton National Park, WY Grand Teton National Park is located in the Rocky Mountains, Northwest Wyoming. Grand Teton National Park is noted for its stunning mountain vistas, its shimmering alpine lakes and its abundant wildlife.
Yellowstone, WY The largest, oldest, and most famous national park displays a fascinating scenery of hot springs, geysers, canyons, waterfalls, and nature everywhere you look!
Old Faithful Geyser Old Faithful is a cone geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. It is one of the park's most well-known natural features, and is famous for its predictability. It generally erupts every 91 minutes.
Duration: 55 Minutes to 1 Hour
Mammoth Hot Springs This large complex of hot springs is impressive both for its unique beauty as well as its scale. Formed hundreds of thousands of years ago by volcanic and seismic activity, these springs are one of Yellowstone's most popular spots.
Midway Geyser Basin The Midway Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park is relatively small, but contains an impressive amount of thermodynamic geologic activity, including the Grand Prismatic Hot Spring, the largest in Yellowstone.
Duration: 40-45 Minutes
West Thumb Geyser Basin The West Thumb Geyser Basin is the largest geyser basin at Yellowstone Lake, and an impressive area of geothermal activity that contains hot springs, mud pots, and geysers-- some of which are even in the lake itself.
Standard Hotel: White Buffalo Inn (236 Dunraven, W. Y' Stone, MT 59758) or similar
Day 5 Yellowstone - Sheridan (244 miles)
Today, we will travel to Yellowstone National Park, home to the world's largest super volcano and over 10,000 fascinating geothermal features like Norris Geyser, Upper Falls, Artist Point, Hayden Valley, Fishing Bridge, Mud Volcano and more! We will spend the night in Sheridan, WY.
Norris Geyser Basin Yellowstone National Park is full of areas like this - geyser basins - large, open areas where geothermic pressure from below the ground's surface force up various geysers and springs. The Norris Basin is one of the more accessible.
Upper Yellowstone Falls Located a quarter-mile upstream of the larger Lower Falls, the Upper Yellowstone River Falls plunge 109 feet down an eroded lava cliff into the basin below. The area below the falls has been subject to heavier erosion than above.
Artist Point Named after the famous sketches of the waterfalls by Thomas Moran (but not actually the location where the sketched were done) this beautiful location showcases one of the most famous views in Yellowstone National Park.
Mud Volcano Area The Mud Volcano blew itself apart in the early 20th century, but visitors can still see the impressive crater and other geothermal features in the surrounding area, such as the Mud Cauldron, Black Dragon's Caldron, and Dragon's Mouth Spring.
Fishing Bridge Located near the mouth of the Yellowstone River, the Fishing Bridge is a great location to spot the native Cutthroat trout. There is an RV park of the same name nearby.
Yellowstone Lake Yellowstone Lake isn't just the largest single body of water in Yellowstone National Park, but the largest elevated freshwater lake in the US. The lake contains several underwater hot springs that melt its otherwise thick ice sheets in the winter.
Standard Hotel: Holiday Inn Sheridan or similar
Day 6 Sheridan - Devils Tower - Mt. Rushmore - Crazy Horse - Casper (526 miles)
In the morning, we will drive to Devil's Tower, the country's first national monument. Next, we will head to iconic Mount Rushmore, followed by the Crazy Horse National Monument. Later on, we will spend the night in Casper.
Devils Tower, WY The first declared United States National Monument. It'is an igneous intrusion or laccolith located in the Black Hills near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County. A monolithic rock formation that rises 1,267 feet above the surrounding land and was once the neck of an active volcano.
Devils Tower National Monument This massive monolith in the Black Hills of Wyoming was the nation's first national monument, anointed by Teddy Roosevelt in 1906. In recent years, climbing the rock has become popular. The stone column is considered sacred by many Native Americans.
Duration: Approx. 1 Hour 30 Minutes
Mount Rushmore National Memorial, SD This famous United States monument in the Black Hills of western South Dakota depicts the busts of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. The 60 feet tall statues are carved right into the side of the mountains.
Crazy Horse, SD Crazy Horse Memorial is the world's largest sculpture-in-progress, and frequent drilling and mountain blasts make each visit unique. When completed, Crazy Horse Memorial will stand 563 feet tall by 641 feet long.
Crazy Horse Memorial This monument, controversial in the Native American community, has been under construction for over 60 years. If it is completed as planned, it would be the largest sculpture in the entire world, at a monstrous 563 feet high and 641 feet wide.
Standard Hotel: Ramada Casper or similar
Day 7 Casper - Salt Lake City (408 miles)
Drive to Independent Rock State Historic Site this morning, then we will head to Salt Lake City, where we will visit the Utah State Capitol, the most expensive, luxurious state house in the U.S. We will also Temple Square. After that, stay in Miavale.
Casper, WY Casper is a city in and the county seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is also called "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture. In 2010, Casper was named the highest-ranked family-friendly small city in the West, and ranked eighth overall in the nation in Forbes magazine's list of "the best small cities to raise a family".
Independence Rock This granite monolith sits in the Independence Rock State Historic Site in central Wyoming. The rock served as an important landmark for those travelling west via the Oregon Trail in the middle of the 19th century.
Devil's Gate The Devil's Gate is a natural rock formation that served as an important landmark on the Oregon Trail and helped guide pioneers westward across the barren United States of the 19th century.
Salt Lake City, UT Utah's gorgeous capital city sits amidst the mountains of the American Southwest on the shores of the breathtaking Great Salt Lake. The city is steeped in history and architecture in addition to wondrous vistas and scenery.
Utah State Capitol The home of all of the governmental processes for the state of Utah, the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City. The building is done in the ornate neoclassical revival style, purposefully reminiscent of the nation capitol in DC.
Temple Square Approximately ten acres in size, Temple Square is the center of religious activity for the Church of Latter Day Saints, housing the Temple and Tabernacle that are central to the religion.
Mormon Temple This 250,000-square-foot temple is the largest of the temples belonging to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, known colloquially as the Mormons. The public cannot tour the interior, but the facade is a sight to behold.
Standard Hotel: La Quinta Salt Lake Midvale or similar
Day 8 Salt Lake City - Las Vegas (420 miles)
Drive to Capitol Hill this morning, and visit the Utah State Capitol! Arrive in Las Vegas in the afternoon. You may have some free time tonight, or go with our experienced tour guides to see the best of Las Vegas when night falls. Music fountain at Bellagio, Volcanic Eruption at Mirage, Grand Canal in Venetian, Neon Lights Sky at Fremont Street Downtown Las Vegas.
Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas is known as the "Entertainment Capital of the World" for a good reason-- casinos and hotels line its streets, and visitors can gamble, see shows, and shop at virtually any hour of the day or night.
Las Vegas Night Tour This tour is the best way to see the lights of the Vegas Strip! We will see the dancing waters of the Bellagio Fountains, the Volcano at Mirage, and LINQ business street and more.
Admission (Optional): Adult $35; Child $35|Duration: Approx. 3 Hours
KA by Cirque du Soleil Show A masterpiece in storytelling which uses acrobatic performances, thrilling martial arts techniques from all over the world, and innovations in puppetry and multimedia to tell the epic tale of twins on a perilous journey to fulfill their shared destiny.
Admission (Optional): Adult $182; Child (Over 5 yrs) $182
Fantasy Show Celebrating more than 12 successful years on the strip, Fantasy Show has shaped itself into one of Las Vegas' leading adult revues as the best and most famous topless show in Las Vegas. It showcases 15 dances set to today's top music.
Admission (Optional): Adult $70; Over 18yrs
David Copperfield David Copperfield is considered the greatest illusionist among modern magicians. His show, held at the MGM Grand Casino in Las Vegas, is a thrilling display of illusions and slight of hand that will keep you wondering how he does it.
Admission (Optional): Adult $160; Adult (Category C) $129; Child (Over 5 yrs, Category B) $160; Child (Over 5 yrs, Category C) $129; Category B
CRISS ANGEL Believe Show This show is haunting exploration deep inside the inventive mind of mystifier Criss Angel as he hovers between the land of the living and a surreal world uniquely woven together by the distinctive imaginations of Criss Angel and Cirque du Soleil!
Blue Man Comic musical & artistic show featuring lots of audience interaction with the blue-painted cast.
The Beatles LOVE As The Beatles, they changed the world. LOVE, Cirque du Soleil's interpretation of their legacy, has changed entertainment. Beyond tribute, the show is a physical manifestation of their music and lyrics.
High Roller Night Ride High Roller is a 550-foot tall, 520-foot diameter giant Ferris wheel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States of America. It opened to the public on March 31, 2014, and is currently the world's tallest Ferris wheel.
Admission (Optional): Adult $75; Child $75
Thunder from Down Under See the hottest bachelorette party on the Strip. Guys dress as police officers, firemen, sailors, doctors, or a gladiator straight. These men are hot, and were voted the Las Vegas Review-Journal's readers as the Best Male Strip Show in 2011.
Admission (Optional): Adult $79; Over 18 yrs
Jabbawockeez Jabbawockeez was the first dance company to make headlines on Las Vegas Avenue. Their show "MS.IC" premiered at MGM Hotel in 2010. Jabbawockeez rose to fame in the "Best Dance Company of America" and has since attracted audiences with unique style.
Standard Hotel: Park MGM Las Vegas
Day 9 Las Vegas - Grand Canyon West Rim - Las Vegas (541 miles)
We will begin the day by travelling to the West Rim of the Grand Canyon, where we will go to Eagle Point for a breathtaking view of the canyon and the Colorado River below the famous Skywalk Glass Bridge. We will also visit Guano Point. Guests will have the option of taking a helicopter tour of the canyon. On our way back to Las Vegas, we will pass by the Hoover Dam. We will spend the night in Vegas.
Grand Canyon, AZ Considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world, the Grand Canyon was carved over 17 million years by the Colorado River. This breathtaking, 18-mile-long canyon has been stunning visitors for hundreds of years.
Duration: Approx. 4 Hours
Grand Canyon West Rim Grand Canyon West is a separate tourist area run by the Hualapai Tribe of Indians. Optional activities which can be done at an extra cost include helicopter tours, the educational "Indian Village," and the Skywalk Glass Bridge.
Admission (Mandatory): Adult $108; Child (2-12 yrs) $108; fee includes transportation, admission, simple lunch, and fuel surcharge|Duration: Approx. 4 Hours
Skywalk Glass Bridge This transparent, horseshoe-shaped bridge hangs out over the West Rim of the Grand Canyon and offers guests a chance to feel as though the could just jump right off the edge of this natural wonder of the world.
Admission (Optional): Adult $25; Child $25|Duration: Approx. 20 Minutes
West Rim Grand Canyon Helicopter and Boat Tour Perfect for adventure-lovers, this tour takes passengers thousands of feet down into the Grand Canyon. From there, guests will board a pontoon boat and ride down the Colorado River before returning back to the airport via another helicopter ride.
Admission (Optional): Adult $230; Child (2-12 yrs) $230
Grand Canyon West Rim Airplane Tour We will take airplane from Boulder in the morning and view the Lake Mead, Hoover Dam, Grand Canyon West Rim, Glass Bridge from the sky.
Admission (Optional): Adult $229; Child (3-12 yrs) $229; Senior $229|Duration: Approx. 4 Hours
Eagle Point Eagle Point is one of the main attractions of the Grand Canyon West Rim. The area features the Skywalk Glass Bridge, and also a "Native American Village" walking tour as well as live performances and demonstrations by tribe members.
Guano Point This scenic viewpoint gets its name from the Bat Cave Mine it overlooks. Visitors can enjoy the panoramic views of the Grand Canyon as well as learn the history of the old mine, parts of which still stand today.
Hoover Dam The largest dam of its time, the Hoover Dam was constructed in just five years by thousands of workers. The entire project required 3.25 million cubic yards of concrete and is almost 750 feet high.
Admission (Optional): Adult Free|Duration: Approx. 30 Minutes
Standard Hotel: Park MGM Las Vegas or similar (Tours depart on May 11th, 12th, 18th, 19th, stay overnight in Circus Circus Casino)
Day 10 Las Vegas - San Francisco (568 miles)
Today, we will depart from Las Vegas and head back to San Francisco. Along the way, we will pass through the Mojave Desert, the largest desert in the U.S. and home to the world's largest solar power station and windmill-powered generators. We will arrive in San Francisco in the evening, bringing an end to the tour.
Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert in the southwestern United States extends from California into Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. Its most famous area is probably Death Valley, which holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth.
Location: Burlingame, CA
Address: 777 Airport BLVD, Burlingame, CA 94010 (Red Roof Inn)
Departure: 6:30am
Return: 8:00pm
Location: Cupertino, CA
Address: 10122 Bandley Drive, Cupertino, CA 95014 (Marina Foods - Cupertino)
Address: 1688 Hostetter Road, San Jose, CA 95131 (99 Ranch Market - San Jose)
Address: 291 Geary & Powell Street, San Francisco, CA 94108 (Macy's Union Square - San Francisco, CA)
Location: Fremont, CA
Address: 46196 Warm Springs BLVD, Fremont, CA 94539 (Marina Foods - Fremont)
Location: Oakland, CA
Address: 988 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94607 (Courtyard Marriott - Oakland, CA)
Location: Dublin, CA
Address: 7200 Amador Plaza Rd, Dublin, CA 94568 (Target Supermarket - Dublin, CA)
*Return time is an estimate and varies based on traffic and weather conditions.
All domestic ground transportation
Tour guide Level 2: semi-guided tour
Lower Antelope Canyon (Optional) $65 $45 (7-12 yrs) Free (Under 7 yrs) /
Grand Canyon West Rim (Mandatory) $108 $108 (2-12 yrs) / /
Grand Canyon West Rim Airplane Tour (Optional) $229 $229 (3-12 yrs) / $229
Skywalk Glass Bridge (Optional) $25 $25 / /
West Rim Grand Canyon Helicopter and Boat Tour (Optional) $230 $230 (2-12 yrs) / /
Blue Man (Optional) $133 $133 (Over 5 yrs) / /
CRISS ANGEL Believe Show (Optional) $110 $110 (Over 5 yrs) / /
David Copperfield (Optional)
$129 (Category C)
$160 (Over 5 yrs, Category B)
$129 (Over 5 yrs, Category C)
Fantasy Show (Optional) $70 / / /
High Roller Night Ride (Optional) $75 $75 / /
Hoover Dam (Optional) Free Free / /
Jabbawockeez (Optional) $99 $99 / /
KA by Cirque du Soleil Show (Optional) $182 $182 (Over 5 yrs) / /
Las Vegas Night Tour (Optional) $35 $35 / /
The Beatles LOVE (Optional) $133 $133 (Over 5 yrs) / /
Thunder from Down Under (Optional) $79 / / /
Prices are subject to change without prior notice.
If you would like to join the optional activities, please pay the fee in cash to the tour guide. You cannot buy / use the tickets on your own or use City Passes. The tour guide will arrange the tickets for the group.
Grand Canyon West Mandatory Fee: $105/person (Admission to Grand Canyon West and 1 lunch)
Mandatory Admissions: $150/person, including admission to Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Mt. Rushmore, Devil's Tower, Bryce Canyon, Crazy Horse, Great Salt Lake, 4 star hotel resort fee and Fuel Surcharge.
Air fares between your city and the departure city.
All meals and drinks during the trip, although eating arrangements will be made by the tour guide.
A mandatory service fees for tour guide and bus driver ($10.00/day per passenger).
Personal room fees, such as laundry or valet services, telephone calls, or alcoholic beverages/ mini bar items, unless they are otherwise specified.
All purchases are subject to re-confirmation within 2-3 business days after booking. Please do not book airline tickets until you have received the confirmation.
You will receive an confirmation email (e-ticket) after your order is received. Complete operator information, including local telephone numbers at your destination, are included on your e-ticket. You must print the e-tickets and take them along on your trip; they are your proof of purchase.
All purchases are subject to re-confirmation within 2-3 business days after booking.
Changes to Reservations: A fee may be charged for any revision or alteration made to a reservation after the booking is confirmed. Name changes or corrections may be treated as a cancellation and cancellation fees will apply. A change of tour date or tour itinerary will be treated as a cancellation, and normal cancellation fees will apply.
Cancellation penalties per person (request day and departure day are not counted)
31 days or more prior to departure - 10% of total purchase amount.
15-30 days prior to departure - 25% of total purchase amount.
8-14 days prior to departure - 50% of total purchase amount.
Within 7 days prior to departure - 100% of total purchase amount.
Day of departure or no show - 100% per person.
Unused features are non-refundable. No shows forfeit entire payment.
Trips require a minimum number of participants to avoid cancellation. We reserve the right to cancel a scheduled trip to fully refund affected customers although tour companies will make every effort to maintain normal operations.
The refund amount will be credited directly to your account. Or the refund can also be forwarded directly to your credit card with a 10% handling fee.
NOTE: We cannot grant any refunds more than 30 days after completion of the tour.
(If the tour will stay in Yellowstone Cabin: )
Within 30 days prior departure dates - Customers can NOT chagne names, add numbers of people or rooms
15-30 days prior to departure - 25% of total purchase amount plus $400/room penalty
8-14 days prior to departure - 50% of total purchase amount. plus $400/room penalty
The full refund will be credited directly to your account. The refund can also be forwarded directly to your credit card with a 10% handling fee.
Prices may vary subject to availability/season/weekend/holiday.
We reserve right to cancel a schedule and fully refund affected customers, although we will make every effort to maintain the regular operation.
We reserve the right to modify the tour arrangements for smooth operation of the tour.
We are not responsible for any other travel arrangements affected due to our cancellations.
Smoking is strictly prohibited at all hotels, violation of this rule will result in a fine penalty of at least $250/person, along with other legal liabilities. One hotel room can accommodate 4 guests utmost (regardless of age). Guests need to contact the hotel and bear the fee yourselves if you require extra bed.
Guests can check in to the hotel by tour confirmation number and valid ID.
Note: guests cannot self-check-in in Las Vegas hotels. Please pick up room card from your tour guide.


text:
Film Review – The Dirties (2013)
June 2, 2016 · by Eddie · in Eddie's Space, Film Reviews, Film reviews: Comedy, Film reviews: Drama. ·
Title – The Dirties (2013)
Director – Matt Johnson (Operation Avalanche)
Cast – Matt Johnson, Owen Williams
Plot – Best friends and social outcasts Matt (Johnson) and Owen (Williams) decide to make a film about stopping the schools bullies but the line between reality and imagination starts to blur for Matt as he becomes increasingly tormented by the treatment he receives from the group known as The Dirties.
"You know, if people don't get this, it's gonna backfire so hard"
Review by Eddie on 2/06/2016
A great example of low budget indie filmmaking that succeeds without ever truly taking off, the Kevin Smith supported The Dirties is a sufficient comedy, a love letter to cinema's influence and also a sometimes scarily accurate portrayal on alienation and bullying that can sometimes turn deadly.
Written and directed by Matt Johnson and starring Johnson and Owen Williams, The Dirties was clearly a labour of love for the two budding filmmakers and the rawness of their film that moonlights as a real documentary, does often make it feel legitimately like a true life doco even if there's little reason for the cameras to be around at certain stages in the narrative.
Johnson and Williams share a great on screen chemistry together and it's obvious their real life affiliation as friends has carried over to The Dirties and their love for film shines through in many of the films scenes. From classics through to modern contemporary pieces of entertainment spotting the many varied references that are spread throughout the film would be quite the job and it's interesting to contemplate the influence films have on certain people in certain situations and Johnson's character of Matt's increasingly unstable mind is a product of not only films but years of torment at the hands of school yard bullies.
The dealings of The Dirties, with its titular group of nasties, is both its blessing and its curse. There's an important message here of tolerance and acceptance but never once throughout this tale are you wondering where things are going to end up and for a film that has a particularly strong opening act the last stanza (and in particular last scene) of the film's final half hour or so feels a tad underwhelming and certain scenarios feel harder to take such as the "cool" kids sudden acceptance of William's awkward Owen or the fact no one cares to stop Matt from becoming increasingly unhinged.
The Dirties is a small film with a big message and while emotionally it doesn't exactly hit a home run, the film turns a fairly generic plot line into something unique and wholly watchable and it will be a great joy as movie fans to see where Johnson and William's next project might take them.
3 creepy cousins out of 5
Tags: bullies, bully, cinema, Dirties, film, films, high school, Matt Johnson, movie, movies, opinion, Owen Williams, review, reviews, The Dirties
← Film Review – The Invitation (2015)
Film Review – Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016) →
2 responses to "Film Review – The Dirties (2013)"
Ryan Jansen June 5, 2016 at 8:05 pm · · Reply →
Good film. Your review pretty much nailed it on the head. Bullying scenes were pretty realistic, as someone who has gone through bullying, it was depicted very realistically, felt their pain. Two leads were quite good.
jordanandeddie June 5, 2016 at 10:34 pm · · Reply →
It was a fine indie film mate. Really keen to see them do another film.


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