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Retrospective: The X-Men #1 (September 1963)
January 16, 2022 January 16, 2022 / angusabranson
Back in 1984 I'd just moved to America, had been introduced to Dungeons & Dragons, started listening to a lot more music, and picked up my first Marvel Comic. That first comic, an issue of Secret Wars, introduced me to a universe of characters who I quickly fell in love with. One team stood out for me above the others –The X-Men.
Now, almost 40 years later, I'm heading back to where it all began for our team of Mutant misfits. My plan with this column is to relook at each issue, starting with the September 1963 release of the first issue of The X-Men, and journey with them through their adventures, losses, personnel changes, good times and bad, throughout the years as they changed from The X-Men to The Uncanny X-Men on a run that would last 544 issues – and spawned dozens of spin-offs and introduced some of most iconic heroes and villains in comics, and wider media, today.
Whilst X-Men #1 debuted in September 1963 it was not the first comic that year to feature a wheelchair bound super genius bringing together a group of young misfits and freaks in his mansion, to train them to become a superhero team to help 'normal' humans who shunned them, and fight against an evil Brotherhood.
A few months earlier in June 1963, in DC published title My Greatest Adventure #80, the world was introduced to the wheelbound brilliant inventor and engineer Dr Niles Caulder (or The Chief as he was known until his true identity was revealed in My Greatest Adventure #88) and his team of freaks known as Doom Patrol. The similarities didn't end there between the two titles, with Doom Patrol fighting the Brotherhood of Evil whilst the X-Men battled the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. Both teams became hated and feared by normal humanity, and so on.
I personally think that the launch of the two titles, so close together, was more fluke and co-incidence than Marvel deciding to copy an idea from their rivals DC. It takes time to produce a series of comics, and the fact that the two titles launched within three months of each other would have meant a remarkable effort and turnaround on Marvel's part if they'd decided to create a new team inspired upon the popularity of the initial appearance of Doom Patrol.
But I'm not here to talk about Robotman, Negative Man, Elasti-Girl, Beast Boy and co (although I did enjoy the Doom Patrol comics in the late 80's/early 90's and have been loving the current TV series – although still on Season 1 of that as I write this).
So, equipped with my Marvel Unlimited subscription (I don't have the $10,000 to spare to buy even a tatty original, let alone the few hundred thousand dollars to buy a Grade 9.0+ copy!) let's take a look at the "fabulous first issue" of "The strangest super-heroes of all!" – The X-Men #1.
With the dream team of Stan Lee (writing) and Jack Kirby (Illustration) the X-Men introduces us to Professor X, the teacher and mentor of an exclusive private school in New York's Westchester County. At the start of the series we're introduced to four teenage boys who are the school's sole borders. Cyclops, The Angel, the Beast and the sixteen-year old Iceman.
One thing that strikes me from page one is that Professor X seems to be a bit of dick in the early days. His initial psychic call to class, "You are ordered to appear at once! Class is now in session! Tardiness will be punished!", sets the tone to a number of interactions with his students. That said, trying to control a group of teenage boys, who we get to see are not the most disciplined, might mean he needs to take a stronger more authoritarian tone with them in the early days.
It's not clear how long the four students have been at the school, but they seem to still be getting to know each other, although have had enough training to start developing new 'stunts' to their core powers – as shown when Iceman freezes The Beast's arm that he's learnt with his frosting powers. An action that results in the first, of many, confrontations between team mates with Iceman calling the others a bunch of softies and The Beast promising to make him "eat those words", before Angel intercedes reminding them that there is "no fighting in class".
This leads to the first training session we see, that allows us to be introduced to each individuals powers. Beasts agility, Angels flying, Iceman's ability to create ice structures and throw snowballs, and Cyclops ability to fire powerful blasts from his eyes. The training session is interrupted by Iceman getting frustrated at being treated like a kid because he's "a couple of years younger than the others", goofing around just to prove The Professor right, and then getting into another fight with The Beast which leads into Cyclops training session to treat the team as opponents. This results in a free-for-all with Professor X psychically saying "a few minutes of roughhouse is good for all of you to help you let off steam!"
The training session is brought to a close when The Professor announces that a taxi is approaching with a new student, "a most attractive young lady!". The teenagers all rush to the window and watch as the new student leaves the taxi, with comments such as "Wow! She's a real living doll!", "a redhead! Look at that face… and the rest of her!" and so forth, with only Cyclops refraining from leching over the new recruit ("A girl… big deal! I'm glad I'm not a wolf like you guys!".
The sexism grates whilst reading this, but I'm reminded that this was written in the 60's and also is a group of teenage boys. Whilst a number of the comments, and subsequent actions, of some of the team are certainly not things we'd tolerate, the comic also doesn't glorify these with the girl in question (Jean Grey) certainly holding her own, giving the boys back a taste of their medicine, and coming across as a strong female figure, even if some of the boys come across as quite immature.
So, Jean Grey (aka Marvel Girl) is introduced, and we also here the first mention of "Mutants", as Professor X (or Professor Xavier as he introduces himself to Jean Grey) says "You, Miss Grey, like the other four students at this most exclusive school, are a Mutant! You possess an extra power… one which ordinary humans do not!! That is why I call my students… X-Men, for ex-tra power!". We also learn the names of the other X-Men's alter-egos: Hank McCoy as The Beast, Warren Worthington The Third as The Angel, Bobby Drake as Iceman, and Slim Summers as Cyclops. Yes, apparently Cyclops was originally called Slim and had a name change a few issues later to Scott.
Anyway, a few more panels of the boys swooning over Jean Grey ("She has one very obvious power… the power to make a man's heart beat faster!" – The Angel) results in Cyclops going to get a chair for her as the boys ask her about her powers… the chair suddenly leaves Cyclop's hands, zooms across the floor making The Beast leap out of the way, and stops for Jean to sit down and explain that she's has telekinesis, the ability of move objects by the will of her mind.
Xavier then explains more about the school, and his own background (born of parents who had worked on the first A-Bomb project, a childhood accident left him in a wheelchair, etc), and the fact that evil mutants exist who want to either destroy humanity or rule the Earth, and it's the X-Men's job to protect mankind.
Which leads conveniently to the first villain to appear in the X-Men series…. One other than the Master of Magnetism himself… Magneto.
Tucked away in a secret laboratory near Cape Citadel Magneto finalises his plan to crash a missile test as it's launched into the atmosphere. The sixth top secret launch to end up crashing, as we learn from the next days newspaper headlines. Later that day Magneto announces himself more forcefully, by taking control of the bases machine gun and tanks and also writing "Surrender the base or I'll take it bty Force! Magneto" in the sky using magnetized dust particles.
With the base not making any moves to surrender, Magneto uses his power to launch a missile from the base and crash it into the sea. The base just doubles its guard which causes Magneto to make a personal appearance at its gates, taking control of the soldiers weapons so they can't fire at him. Using his power to repel anything that comes in to range of him, he walks into the base sending soldiers flying away from his invisible barrier and trapping them in an 'invisible fence' of magnetic energy.
Meanwhile, back at the school, Iceman, The Beast and The Angel are caught ogling by Marvel Girl ("Honestly! Can't a girl get any privacy around here?") but all are then summoned by Professor X, being gruff once again… "Attention, X-Men! This is Professor Xavier! Report to my study immediately… you have fifteen second! No excuses will be tolerated!"
The Professor explains that a crisis is occurring in cape Citadel, with the first of the Evil Mutants believed to be responsible. The team are about to have their baptism of fire… and gleeful rush off for their first mission.
The X-Men arrive with the military at a loss of what to try, so they give the X-Men the all clear to try after Cyclops asks them to "hold your fire for fifteen minutes" so they can take care of things.
Cyclops uses his beam, wearing himself out in the process, to cut a hole through the magnetic barrier Magneto put up. Magneto, caught off guard by the energy feeback, stumbles, and launches a barrage of missiles at the team. We see the team's training come in to use as the various members weave, doge, and help each other take out the missiles out before they can do any harm.
The Angel discovers Magneto, who encases him in a heap of objects as a prison. Cyclops, recovered enough to help out, destroys Angels prison freeing him as the team gather together. Magneto uses their presence in the same area to try and kill them off using rocket fuel, which Iceman managed to shield the team from. Thinking the X-Men defeated Magneto turns his attention back to his plans, only to once again be interrupted by the team emerging from the explosion site. He creates a magnetic shield to mask his escape, with the team unable to follow him.
But the base is saved! Much to the congratulations and relief of the military brass, with one proclaiming "I will not ask you to reveal your true identities, but I promise you that before this day is over, the name X-Men will be the most honoured in my command!". We also get a glimpse of a future name change over a hundred issues away, with one of the military commanders claiming "Uncanny! Your fifteen minutes are not up yet!". Although that was obviously a throw away comment and was not a premonition of the future…
…and thus ended the first issue of The X-Men.
All in all I found it quite weird reading the issue as the team came across, in general, as incredibly immature and fragmented. Teasing and internally fighting, but banding together when it mattered. The sexism, as I mentioned above, was rather jarring but was slightly alleviated by the fact that Jean was introduced as a strong female character who could hold her own and pull the boys up on their behaviour. Showing them it was not becoming and would largely not be tolerated. It was odd finding out that Cyclops was called Slim initially, before Slim became his occasional nickname.
Would I have continued reading The X-Men if this had been my first introduction to them? Probably not, but that's due to more how society, writing and art, has improved over the last 59 years. X-Men number 1 has a lot of elements of its time, but on the flipside also has what appears to be a very strong and independent female character in Jean. Roll on issue 2…
Comics & Books, Marvel, retrospective, x-men
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Being a model or a mannequin is not that simple, it's not a job where you can end up relaxing, where you can afford to eat cereals and burgers.In pregnancy I got a lot of pounds and because of breastfeeding my breasts lost shape and I wanted them to correct them after I stopped breastfeeding and do something for myself. I decided to indulge in the best experts from Naša mala klinika and reward myself with beautiful and tight breasts with aesthetic intervention #BreastAugumentation.
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About 3-4 years ago, I had in "Naša mala klinika" the removal of an embroidered nail on a thick finger on both sides. The catch was successful and since then I have no problems with that finger. Namely, before this procedure, I had 2 unsuccessful procedures. The first one was in the state hospital in Sarajevo and the other in the Polyclinic in Ilidza. I was struggling with this problem for 2 years, and dr. Čvorak solved my problem. Once again I thank Dr. Čvorak on a successful job.
I think that these are top experts and that, most importantly, those who are telling stories and just taking money do not solve the problem. Even if some procedure is expensive Dr. Čvorak sent him to the clinic and did the same treatment for him free of charge - isn't that human? But, since we are aware that he is from a family of excellent doctors, it is really not a miracle because only the best doctors always and in all situations come out to meet the patients. Greetings and lots of luck in a longer career.
Dr. Aginčić and Dr. Čvorak were two doctors who were the only ones at the Clinical Center in Sarajevo that had the best results. I also did some minor tasks myself, and I felt this excellent and pleasant experience on my skin. I give them a grade 10 for quality of work and expertise. I wish them a successful future work.
My mom had two face-to-face operations in "Naša mala klinika", the results are fantastic. The intervention consisted of the operation of the eyelids and the lift of the face and neck. The services of this clinic satisfy all the standards of the world institutions. The staff is extremely professional and kind. Organization at a very high level, with warm and intimate relationship with the patient. Thank you and we wish you a lot of success.
Schedule an appointment via online form or contact us directly on the phone number +387 33 222 - 212.
Our friendly staff will always and gladly give you all the information you need.
Also, do not forget - consultations in our polyclinic are free.
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2012 - 2018. All rights reserved. Center for aesthetic surgery "Naša mala klinika" Sarajevo.
Aesthetics and plastic surgery, Anti-aging treatments and laser epilation Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina.
Dr Sanjin Deković was born in Sarajevo on February 1, 1967.
He finished elementary and high school in Sarajevo, and the Faculty of Medicine in 1993.
He passed the state exam in September 1994.
He spent the war years working at the Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in the period from 1992 to 1993, and as a doctor in the Army of BiH in the period from 1993 to 1996.
The first research work was still in the war years, when with the then head of the Clinic for gynecology and obstetrics, academician prof. Dr. Simić Srećkom investigated the effect of nutrition and stress on pregnant women in the specific conditions of the besieged city of Sarajevo.
Since November 1994 he has been employed at the Clinical for Gynecology and Obstetrics KCUS as a secondary school, and specialization was given on January 1, 1996. years.
Since October 1994, until 2013, she has been working as a professor in Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Secondary Medical School for Sisters and Technicians or a total of nineteen generations of graduates.
He specialized in gynecology and obstetrics in February 2000.
He began his academic career as an expert associate at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sarajevo in the period from 1997 to 2000.
In 2002 he was elected as a senior assistant at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, and then re-elected in 2005.
He completed his postgraduate studies at the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo in 2006.
From 1994 onwards, he has been continuously presenting works on numerous world and domestic congresses, conferences and seminars: 69 scientific papers, many of which have been published in reference journals.
He participated in 2006-2007 and in the development of the first guideline based on evidence and good practice: "Counseling and procedures for deliberate early termination of pregnancy".
For ten years he has been engaged in the field of Medical Law within the activities of the World Association of Medical Law.
Continuous active participation in the work of the World Association of Medical Law, and at congresses and conferences organized by the same, received a certificate in August 2006 when he was elected as a member of the Governing Board of the Association at the 16th World Congress of Medical Law in Toulouse (France).
This is the first time in the 40 years of the existence of this Association that someone from Bosnia and Herzegovina becomes a member of the Management Board.
In 2008 he participated in the work of the first Symposium of Medical Law in BiH, where he also presented the work of the World Association of Medical Law.
In August 2010, at the 18th World Congress of Medical Law in Zagreb, he was re-elected as a member of the Governing Board of the World Association of Medical Law in the next four years.
In recognition of his activities in the field of medical law, he was elected as a member of the Ethic Commission of the Sarajevo Canton Medical Chamber in January 2010.
In April 2011, he defended, at the Medical Faculty of the University of Sarajevo, a master's thesis titled: "Knowledge, attitudes and behavior of young different profiles of secondary schools on sexual and reproductive health".
Dr Sanjin Deković today, in addition to the work she is doing at GAK Sarajevo, works on the establishment of the Bosnian Hospitals Association of Medical Law.
"Treatment of infections of the hand"
Authors: Čvorak A., Fazlagić E., Agincic A., Karabeg R.
"Primary and secondary reconstruction of upper extremity nerves"
"Treatment of peripheral nerves of the upper limb"
"Compression Syndrome of the Median at the level of the wrist"
Authors: Čvorak A., Agincic A., Fazlagic E., Karabeg R.
"Reconstruction of defects of soft tissue of the lower extremity with a microvascular lobe"
"Tendomiogeni transfer m tibialis posterior in lesions of n.peroneus"
"Abdominoplasty or abdominal liposuction in younger people"
"Breast reduction methods done at our clinic"
Authors: Dr Agincic A., prof. Dr. Hujić H., Dr. Čvorak A.
Authors: Dr. Agincic A., Dr. Lacevic S., Dr. Cvorak A.
The abovementioned works presented, the book of abstracts is not printed for financial reasons.
"Selection of surgical methods for reconstruction of defects of a subcutaneous etiology"
"Early tangential excision in the treatment of deep burns of the hand"
Authors: Mujadžić M., Čvorak A., Mujadžić E.
"Treatment of electrocution caused by high voltage current at the Clinic for reconstructive and plastic surgery in Sarajevo in the period of 1998"
Authors: Agincic A., Cvorak A., Lacevic S., Karabeg R.
CONGRESS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION, 1. Book of Abstracts; Sarajevo. Sarajevo: Association of plastic-reconstructive and maxillofacial surgeons in Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2003: 272.
"Use of disinfectants at surgical departments"
Authors: Đulić E., Krnić K., Čvorak A., Mirković G.
"Notes: First Congress on the Control of Hospital Infections of Bosnia and Herzegovina with International Participation, Tuzla BiH, May 18-21, 2005"
"Cutaneous Rosai Dorfman Disease without Limphadenopathy: a Case Report."
Authors: Bilalović N., Ćimić A., Lazović E., Čvorak A.
Book of Abstracts 1st BH INTERNATIONAL DERMATO-VENEROLOGY CONFERENCE; Sarajevo. Sarajevo: Association of dermatovenerologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2007: 84 (P 34).
Authors: Čvorak A., Jakirlić M., Dujso V.
Book of Abstracts 1st BH INTERNATIONAL DERMATO-VENEROLOGY CONFERENCE; Sarajevo. Sarajevo: Association of Dermatologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2007: 85 (P 35).
Authors: Agincic A., Cvorak A., Fazlic A.
Sarajevo Ministry of Health of the Sarajevo Canton: Institute for Scientific Research and Development of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo; 2007. 35 p. Illustr (Diagnostic-therapeutic guide).
Authors: Fazlić A., Čvorak A., Baraković E., Lačević S.
Sarajevo Ministry of Health of the Sarajevo Canton: Institute for Scientific Research and Development of the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo; 2008.
Born in Sarajevo on July 18, 1962. years.
2017: Doctoral Degree - Promoted in Prim. Dr. Sc.
From 01.09.1989. until 13.10.1993. employed as a Secondary Surgeon at the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery at the Kosevo Hospital. Prior to the aggression to our country, he gained experience from the treatment of simple wound treatment in the field of reconstructive and plastic surgery and traumatology to active participation as an assistant in the most complicated operative procedures such as tissue transfers, free microvascular lobes, revascularization of extremities and restoration of parts of the limbs. He also gained experience as an assistant in aesthetic operations and surgical treatment of burn injury. From 06.04.1992. until 13.10.1993. He gained experience in the field of war surgery at the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery. From 22.11.1993. until 22.01.1994. he was a guest and occasional assistant on General Surgery, Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Breast Surgery at the Curie Institute in Paris, which is among the most heterogeneous oncological reconstructive institutions for breast diseases in the world. From 01.02.1993. a scholarship recipient from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of France and a place for further training at the renowned ROTHSCHILD Clinic for Reconstructive, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery in Paris, where he spent three and a half years continuously under the supervision of the Head of the Clinic, Professor Morris Mimon. In April 1997, she returned to the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery in Sarajevo. He attended four levels of postgraduate classes - Clinical Course. She has experience in plastic and reconstructive surgery for 18 years. He attended the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery in Innsbruck (Austria), and at two clinics in Bordeaux (France).
Member of the European School of Oncology with participation of seminars in Sarajevo and Düsseldorf.
"Fundamental Considerations and Surgeon Therapy of Burnout Injuries"
Authors: Fazlić A., Aginčić A., Berberović Z., Mešić H.
SYMPOSIUM OF OPENING WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION Sarajevo 1998.
"Kinesiotherapy in preventing the emergence of procedural contractures in the period 1992-1995 at the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery in Sarajevo"
Authors: Mešić H., Agincic A., Mujadzic M.
Authors: Fazlagić E., Hujić H., Agincic A., Cvorak A., Lacevic S.
"Surgical reconstructions after penoscopy necrosis"
"Reconstruction of soft foot defects"
Authors: Fazlić A., Salihagić S., Lačević S., Agincic A.
"Miofascial transmissions of temporal muscle in reconstruction of paralysis of N. Faccialis"
Authors: Hujić H., Agincic A., Lacevic S.
"Treatment of peripheral nerves of the upper limb at the Clinical Center KCUS for the period 1996-2000"
Authors: Fazlagić E., Karabeg R., Agincic A., Fazlic A., Cvorak A.
Authors: Dr Agincic A., doc. Prof. Dr. Hadžiahmetović Z., prof. dr Mašić I.
Dr Rasim Gacanovic, dipl.ing.el. dr Alija Agincic, spec. med. Dr. Rasimir Mahmutćehajić, dipl.ing.el. Dr. Salih Sadovic, B.Sc., B.Sc.HERCEGER COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR GREAT ELECTRIC SYSTEMS - BH K CIGRESARAJEVO, CONSULTING OF THE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA COMMITTEE NEUM, 28.09. - 02.10.2003.
"Microsurgery at the Clinic for Plastic Reconstructive Surgery in Sarajevo"
Karabeg R., Lačević S., Agincic A.
FIRST CONGRESS OF PLASTIC-RECONSTRUCTIVE AND MACYLOFHOFAL SURGERY WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION SARAJEVO September 2003.
Fazlić A., Agincic A., Salihagic S.
"Treatment of electrocution caused by high-voltage current at the Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery in Sarajevo in the period 1998-2003"
"Microsurgical reconstruction of the soft tissue defects in the lower leg and foot-review of 60 cases"
"Free Nerve Transplants in the Reconstruction of Peripheral Nerves of the Upper and Lower Extremities"
He was born in 1973 in Sarajevo where he finished elementary and high school.
He has published over 30 expert papers in the field of vascular surgery in reference journals. He is the author of the book "Surgical treatment of ruptured infrarenal aneurysm of the abdominal aorta".
He performed over 1,200 blood vessel interventions, among others, he also participated in a kidney transplant surgeon team.
For many years he has performed surgery from vascular surgery and educator specialized in vascular surgery at the Clinic for Vascular Surgery in Sarajevo.
The first is a vascular surgeon from Bosnia who started and successfully treated the veins with modern laser treatment since 2012.
Since 2002 employed at the Clinic for vascular surgery, and since 2008. The boss is a unit of intensive and semi-intensive care at the Clinic for Vascular Surgery, KCUS.
2010 g. He was selected as an assistant to the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo (Surgery, Vascular Surgery) and in 2013. was promoted to the title of senior assistant.
2015. Specialization in Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery.
Workshop "New Advanced Minimally Invasive Surgery"
Workshop "TOSYAL PURESENSE Redensity [II] Eyes"
2006. Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, KCUS. Secondary doctor, specialist, specialist.
2008 - 2009 Association for the Rehabilitation of Torture Victims - Center for Victims of Torture, Sarajevo.
2008 - 2009 Association for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture - Center for Victims of Torture, Sarajevo.
He graduated in 1972 at the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo. In 1980 he specialized in General Surgery.
From specialization to the end of her career she worked at the Traumatology Clinic, which was later united with the Orthopedics Clinic. (Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology).
From 1993 to 2002 he was head of the traumatology clinic, and after the unification of two clinics, Head of the Department at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology.
It is being perfected in 1985 in West Berlin for one year.
After this period, together with colleagues from the traumatology clinic from Zagreb introduced modern methods of op. Spinning.
Born in Sarajevo in 1962, she finished her secondary medical school in Sarajevo.
For the first 10 years, she worked in primary health care.
Upon leaving for the United States, she gets a work experience in surgery working as an instrumentalist.
In the operating room she is perfecting in the field of orthopedics, gynecology, plastic and reconstructive surgery and general surgery.
She worked voluntarily at the Clinical Center in Sarajevo for 6 months.
Born in 1981 in Visoko.
She completed her secondary medical school in Sarajevo in 2000.
He has an enviable work experience from the surgical field.
She works as a sister instrumentary, and has actively participated in all surgical procedures, especially those in the field of aesthetic surgery.
Born in 1983 in Sarajevo.
She completed her secondary medical school in Sarajevo in 2002.
She has a working experience acquired in private practice, and especially stands out as a nurse instrumentalist in all operational procedures.
Institute for Ambulance, and JU Health Center KS.
He also upgrades his knowledge in Zagreb by attending the Reviderm Academy (the field of medical cosmetics and treatments), also attending the IT Academy.
2011- Completed Secondary Medical School "Bjelave".


Food Inventions and Who Did Them?
A look at the pioneers of some food consumed everyday like instant coffee, margarine, and baked beans.
Most of the time food products are taken for granted. Occasionally, it's fascinating to remember their origins. Here are some of these food inventions, their inventors, and the stories behind them.
Baked beans were first made in 1829 to be eaten with pork. The beans were soaked overnight in earthenware pots. The following morning they were seasoned with mustard, slated pork and molasses, and baked all day, ready to eat at night.
In 1875, baked beans were put into cans at Portland, Maine, USA, for fishermen to eat while at sea. However, it was not until 1891 in Indianapolis, USA, that baked beans in tomato sauce were first canned by the Van Camp Packing Company. Then the American firm H.J. Heinz started selling them too, opening a factory in Britain in 1928.
One day, in a hotel, an American lawyer, Henry D. Perky, saw a man eat what seemed an unusual breakfast — boiled wheat served with milk. Perky's Shredded Wheat came about, and in 1893, the first breakfast cereal followed.
About that time, John Kellogg and his brother, William, were running a health farm, a sanitarium, in Michigan, USA. They emphasised healthy eating and wanted to provide something other than ham and baked beans for breakfast. In 1895, Kellogg produced the first flaked breakfast cereal made from wheat, named Granose Flakes.
Three years later, William Kellogg invented cornflakes, initially for use in the sanitarium, but they became so popular that they began production for the general public.
Chewing gum was first made in 1848 by John Curtis, of Maine, USA. He started production in a factory in Portland, Maine, with a variety of gums in 1850.
Modern chewing gum owes its origins to an American photographer called Thomas Adams, who experimented with a tree substance called chicle. One day he chewed a lump of chicle and thought of adding flavouring and selling it as gum.
In 1872 Adams opened a small factory. Business expanded fast, aided by the fact that the Tutti-Frutti Company began selling it from machines. Chewing gum was introduced to Britain in 1894, but failed to catch on. Wrigley re-introduced it in 1911, appearing on the streets in vending machines.
Nobody knows who discovered coffee – it could have been an Ethiopian goatherd Kaldi, c. 859 AD, who found his goats getting very lively after eating the berries off a particular bush.
The first powdered instant coffee was made by Satori Kato, a Japanese chemist living in America, in 1901. Five years later, an American chemist, G. Washington, produced what he called 'a refined soluble coffee,' used by the US Army in World War I.
In 1938, modern instant coffee was produced by Nestlé Company, in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestlé called it Nescafé. The idea of turning coffee beans into a soluble powder was first suggested to them by the Brazilian Institute of Coffee in 1930. It took a few years for Nestlé to process it right.
Napoleon III organized a competition to find a replacement for butter in the French Navy and for use by the common folk.
In 1869, Hippolyte Mege-Mouriez came up with a compound of suet, skimmed milk, pig's stomach, cow's udder, and bicarbonate of soda. He called it 'margarine' from the Greek work margarites, meaning 'a pearl' since through the process, the compound looked like a string of pearls. He sold the process to butter merchant brothers, Jan and Henri Jurgens, in Oss, Holland. The brothers opened a factory for production in 1871.
A rival firm, the Van den Burghs, were making large amounts of margarine, selling well in Holland and England, but not in America.
A shortage of animal fats made the two firms experiment with vegetable oils. In 1910, this became successful with a method of hardening fats by adding hydrogen. Later, when vitamins A & D were added and the margarine began to look like butter, the Americans started to eat it too. The two firms joined as Van den Burgh & Jurgens.