text:
Bhutan Travel Guide
Home / Travel Guide / Bhutan Tradition & Culture
Bhutan Tradition & Culture
A common sense approach is best in respecting and abiding by the Bhutan cultural customs and traditions, with most of these customs practiced throughout the Asian region. In respect for the monarchy, religion and monastic body, modest dress is required for both males and females.
Public displays of affection are not common. Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, events or objects. Photography is not permitted inside temples, monasteries or Dzong, but is permitted In the courtyards and external areas of these sacred religious sights. Touching of religious artifacts or antiques IS strictly prohibited, as the purchase and export.
Do not climb on or over Buddhist artifacts, antiques or ruins. The dress code in religious sites and at religious ceremonies/festivals is smart casual – shorts and sleeveless tops, sunglasses, and hats are not permitted. Shirts with collar and preferably long sleeves are recommended. Shouting and loud voices within a religious site are disapproved of. Encouragement of begging by offering alms, candy or money is discouraged, although small offerings at temples are customary. When approaching or visiting religious sites, passing chortens, mani walls and prayer flags always pass by to the left or clockwise.
Do not point with a single finger, an upturned flat extended hand is appropriate, especially when referring to religious or sacred objects. Shoes are to be removed prior to entering a temple, holy site or Dzong. Lakes are considered sacred, deities and gods reside not only in the lakes but also in the mountain peaks. Swimming, washing clothes and throwing stones into lakes is considered inappropriate as is mountaineering. There are so many more things that you should know about tradition & culture in Bhutan; hence, we would like to give you a Bhutan travel guide – Bhutan tradition and culture to help you get an insight into this Kingdom.
Bhutanese Greetings & Etiquettes
Greetings and etiquettes play an important role in the traditional custom and spiritual life of Bhutanese people. It represents the essence as well as the good behavior of the people […]
Bhutan Losar 2022 – the New Year Festival in Bhutan
New year in Bhutan plays an essential role in the local's belief as it is the time of family reunion and strengthening of cultural rituals and ties. The Losar festival […]
Bhutan Traditional Musical Instruments
Melodious, generally without harmony, traditional Bhutanese music has become a crucial part in the spiritual life of each Bhutan people. The feature of traditional Bhutan music is mainly based on […]
Bhutan Traditional Dress – National Costume
Bhutan – the kingdom of "Thunder Dragon" is widely known for the majestic landscapes and vibrant culture. One of the crucial elements making Bhutan a treasure on the eastern slope […]
Traditional Dances of Bhutan
If you ask me what is the thing that vividly defines the culture and tradition of a nation most, my answer absolutely is its dances. We cry when we are […]
Takin – National Animal of Bhutan
The Takin (Burdorcas Taxicolor) is the national animal of Bhutan due to its association to the Bhutanese religious history and mythology. Legend has it that in the 15th century, a […]
Bhutan Archery Tournament – The National Sport of Bhutan
Deep in the Himalayas, the beautiful magic land of Bhutan is almost unreal that you have to see it and believe it. Furthermore, the lively traditional festival accompanied by an […]
Bhutan Lifestyle – A Spiritual Way Of Life
Besides breath-taking natural beauty, traditional lifestyle is another unique feature that makes Bhutan outstanding and exceptional, which is heavily influenced by Buddhism. It is generally considered as a Buddhist kingdom […]
Bhutanese Traditional Wedding & Marriage Customs
A Bhutan wedding ceremony is a lifetime event of each Bhutanese people may differentiate themselves from others by celebrating their own unique traditional wedding parties. As Bhutan is greatly influenced […]
Bhutan Festivals – Top 14 Biggest Festivals Of Bhutan
Bhutan festivals reflect the spirituality as well as the vibrant culture of the Thunder Dragon kingdom through the ups and downs of the historical journey. Once visiting this extraordinary country, […]
Question & Answer Cancel reply
Bhutanese traditional culture is one of the distinctive one in the world. The unique culture is means of protecting the sovereignty of the nation; hence, with the fact that Bhutan is a tiny country with a small population, the preserving of tradition and culture in this kingdom is a must. The specialty of the Bhutan traditional and culture exists in every single day of the Bhutanese people. The category below will give you an overview of some of several traditional and cultural information of this kingdom that you have to know about before planning your own Bhutan trip.
The Bhutanese Birth
Birth of a newborn baby is always celebrated in Bhutan and is welcomed without any gender discrimination. Mothers are very well taken care of after giving birth to their children. The outsiders will not visit the child and mother, or offer them gifts including clothes, money, and dairy products until the next three days when the child was blessed in a small purification ritual. The newborn babies will not be named immediately. Instead, they are given names within three days by a lama or a well-known monastery which their parents visit. Their horoscopes are established by the local astrologer.
The Bhutan Marriage
Marriage in Bhutan is so simple that both bride and groom just have to perform a number of traditional rituals, then they are officially become, husband and wife. Cash and gold are familiar gifts from parents, relatives, and friends that are given to the newlywed couple at the end of the wedding ceremony. In eastern Bhutan, getting marriage among relatives is very common. Divorce in Bhutanese society is accepted without any disgrace or shame as the husband and wife can freely go with their new partners after divorce.
Bhutan Funeral
Bhutanese people believe that death is the route to pass on to another life; hence, to ensure that the deceased person will get a good rebirth, many rituals are performed to help the departed soul. Rituals are performed on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 49th day of death. Normally, the dead body is cremated only on a suitable day followed by the astrologer before the 7th-day ritual; however, in southern Bhutan, the dead body is buried while in some of the brokpas of eastern Bhutan tend to chop off the dead body then feed vultures. A lot of rituals are performed on every death anniversary of the deceased person. Family, relatives of the deceased person, and people come to the ceremony with rice, alcohol and other items.
Bhutanese Dress
In Bhutan, the dress that men wear is called Gho reaching up to their knees while the other that women wear is known as Kira reaching up to their ankles. Wearing scarves is the must among the Bhutanese culture whenever they visit religious places like Dzong and administrative places. Men wear a scarf called Kabney while Rachu is the scarf that women wear.
Eating Habit of Bhutanese People
The authentical Bhutanese people eat with hands. The family members sit on the floor in a circle with their legs crossed on the wooden floors while the mother serves the food. However, in the modern age, the locals in urban areas tend to use forks and spoons in their meals and sit on dining tables. The traditional dishes play an important role in the Bhutanese people's meals as they usually consist of red rice, ema datshi (a dish made of chilly and cheese), pork, or beef.
Traditional Festivals in Bhutan
Tshechu is one of the most vibrant festivals in Bhutan which is celebrated in all Dzongs and in many monasteries and temples across the country. The tshechu festival is also known as a mask dance festival, organized to commemorate the events in saint Guru Rinpoche's life, the second Buddha in Bhutan. On the three days of tshechu festival, people from all walks of life share their meals together including from rice, ema datshi, and traditional wine Ara.
National Sport - Archery in Bhutan
Archery is the most popular, most played, most competitive sport in Bhutan; hence, it becomes the national sport of the Kingdom. Players will divide into two teams wearing the traditional dress then try to shoot the arrows at the wooden bullseye target. Whenever a team member hits the target, the other team will sing and dance to praise.
Bhutanese Language
With over eighteen dialects spoken all over the country, Bhutan is known as a linguistically rich nation. Dzongkha is the national language of the kingdom spoken in Dzongs and administrative centers of Bhutan. There are two major languages including Tshalakha, the native language of the Tshalas of eastern Bhutan and Lhotshamkha, the native language of southern people who come from Nepal.
Bhutan to Covid-19 Vaccinate Everyone Together
Bhutan Looks to Re-open Tourism & Welcomes Vaccinated Travelers
It is Time to Re-plan your Bhutan Tour Packages
Travel with Confidence with Go Bhutan Tours
Early Bird, Big Deal
KAPILASH MELLI: Suggest me for a family tour…
Rama Raman Mahanta: Why are you making wine by uses of broken Rice? Pl describe it.I will be wanting to marketing Bhutan wine……
KOUSHIK Pal: Names of wine manufacturing company of Bhutan who uses Broken Rice to manufacture their wine…
Nirmalya Bose: We are a inbound travel agent in Sundarbans. We have regular guests interested for further travel to Bhutan. Pls contact……
ugyen: can i have mongar to thimphu bus counter number ,please…
Harry Hoang: Hi Vijay Laxmi, Thanks for your request. Could you please check our email sent to you so that we can……
Vijay Laxmi: Total cost of the trip?…
Harry Hoang: Hi Yuvaraj, Thanks for your request. Could you please check our email sent to you so that we can……
Yuvaraj: Hi, I like to attend Paro Tshechu festival. Preferably on the day of vibrant masked dance and traditional music.……
Beydhu Maya: What do we call takin in dzongkha…
Other Travel Destinations
Indonesia vacation
Indochina Tours
Hanoi local tour
vacations in vietnam
saigon tours Vietnam
We understand that you may be worried about the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus in China. In contrast, there are some countries in the world that have suffered minimum effects from Coronavirus
See what makes them stronger!
Bhutan Tours Reviews
Feedback From Mrs. Andreana Adreeva
Client: Mrs. Andreana Andreeva
Pax: 2
Special Tailor-made Bhutan Tour Packages - 8 Days
Thank You for A Memorable Bhutan Adventure Tour
Client: Mr. Matthew McCarthy
Nationality: New Zealand
Itinerary: Beyond the Cloudy Journey in Bhutan – 10 Days
Feedback From Mr. Thomas on Bhutan Trekking Tour 14 Days
Client: Mr. Henry Thomas
Nationality: Canada
Itinerary: Paradise in The Himalaya – 12 Days
Bhutan Travel Tips & Articles
The 7 Best Bhutan Beer Brands
Bhutan Wines | Infomation & Price
Bhutan Tours & Travel Packages
Go Bhutan Tours tailor-makes unique tour packages, sightseeing adventures and activities to help travelers explore Bhutan on their way. We are a passionate team of one hundred avid travelers who love to share our experiences of Bhutan & Asia with those looking for a more authentic travel experience.
Address: Clock Tower Square, P.O Box #1298, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
International Tour Operator License: 01-239 / TCDL-GP LHQT
About Go Bhutan Tours
Create Your Trip
Bhutan Attractions
Bhutan Tours from India
Tour Bhutan
Bhutan Tours & Travel © 2021
How to Book a Bhutan Tour?
1. Inquiry an Itinerary
3. Free Changes
4. Make a Payment
Powered by Go Bhutan Tours
Copyright © 2022 Bhutan Tours. All Rights Reserved


Industrial chic meets rustic farmhouse in this console with rustic metal wheels. The Brazilian pine wood, natural amber finish, and iron hardware complete the aged feel of this piece. The console features tons of storage with six drawers and two cabinet doors. The interior is contrasted in an espresso finish giving this piece even more interest and style.
Solid Brazilian pine construction designed to look rustic & aged. 6 drawers and 2 cabinet doors providing lots of storage. Metal industrial wheels combined with a farmhouse style. Gorgeous natural "Amber" finish with a contrast "Espresso" interior. This console will compliment many different styles & finishes but can also serve on it's own quite perfectly.


text:
Atlanta church service will celebrate Martin Luther King Jr.
#NNPA BlackPress Atlanta Voice Black History Commentary Community Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Entertainment Featured Lifestyle National News NNPA Religion
THE ATLANTA VOICE — In a news release, the King Center in Atlanta said the 10 a.m. Monday service will be broadcast live on Atlanta's Fox TV affiliate and on Facebook, YouTube and thekingcenter.org. The Rev. Natosha Reid Rice and Pastor Sam Collier will preside over the service. This year's keynote speaker is the Rev. Michael Bruce Curry, presiding bishop and primate of The Episcopal Church.
The Atlanta Voice
FILE - Flowers lay in front of the birthplace of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., on Jan. 18, 2021, in Atlanta. The annual Martin Luther King Jr. service is set to be held at his old congregation in Atlanta. (AP Photo/Branden Camp, File)
Atlanta's mayor, Georgia's governor and U.S. Sen. Raphael Warnock are scheduled to attend the annual Martin Luther King Jr. service at King's old congregation, Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.
The service at Ebenezer and other events surrounding Martin Luther King Jr. Day commemorate what would have been King's 93rd birthday.
In a news release, the King Center in Atlanta said the 10 a.m. Monday service will be broadcast live on Atlanta's Fox TV affiliate and on Facebook, YouTube and thekingcenter.org.
The Rev. Natosha Reid Rice and Pastor Sam Collier will preside over the service. This year's keynote speaker is the Rev. Michael Bruce Curry, presiding bishop and primate of The Episcopal Church.
Musical performances are also planned, including Keke Wyatt, Tasha Cobbs Leonard, Pastor Mike Jr., Le'Andria Johnson, and Emanne Beasha.
"This year's theme, 'It Starts with Me: Shifting Priorities to Create the Beloved Community,' reflects our belief that it is critical, and necessary for the survival of both humanity and Earth, that we shift our priorities for a strategic quest to create a just, humane, equitable and peaceful world," King Center CEO Bernice King said in a statement.
The Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday March and Rally is also planned for Monday afternoon in downtown Atlanta. The march is scheduled to end on Auburn Avenue in front of The King Center, where a rally is planned. The King Center is also working with the Georgia Coalition for the People's Agenda and Youth Service America on a voter registration drive Monday in Atlanta.
"On this King Holiday, I call us up to shift our priorities to reflect a commitment to true peace and an awareness of our interconnectedness, interdependence, and interrelatedness. This will lead us to a greater understanding of our responsibilities to and for each other, which is crucial for learning to live together, achieving 'true peace,' and creating the Beloved Community," Bernice King said in announcing the events.
Martin Luther King Jr. — pastor, civil rights leader, one of the most beloved figures in the world — dedicated his life to achieving racial equality, a goal he said was inseparable from alleviating poverty and stopping war.
King delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech while leading the 1963 March on Washington, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and was assassinated in 1968 in Memphis while assisting a strike by underpaid sanitation workers. He was 39.
King's example, and his insistence on nonviolent protest, continues to influence many activists pushing for civil rights and social change.
The post Atlanta church service will celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. appeared first on The Atlanta Voice.
Related Topics:arts and cultureAtlanta Mayor Andre DickensAtlanta Voiceebenezer baptist churchfeaturedGovernor Brian KempHolidayslifelifestylemartin luther king jrRace and EthnicityreligionReverend Bernice KingSenator Reverend Raphael Warnock
AFRO Archives Jan. 28, 2015: They Stood Together
Ways to Give Back for MLK Day

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Low Calorie, Big Flavor Book
Tonya Harding Cried on "Dancing With the Stars"
Tonya Harding Broke Down Crying on "Dancing With the Stars" Last Night
But people weren't buying it.
By Jamie Ballard Published: May 1, 2018
Dancing With the Stars returned on Monday with a special all-athlete season, featuring Olympians Mirai Nagasu, Jamie Anderson, Adam Rippon, and Tonya Harding.
While the premiere show can be nerve-wracking for anyone, Harding brought some especially heavy emotions to last night's episode.
"You have people looking at you like you're nothing, you start to believe that you are nothing," she said in a clip showing some of her rehearsal footage. "I just wanted to do what I was good at."
In one particularly stressful moment, she tearfully said "I want people to see that I deserve to be here ... I don't want to fail again."
She and her partner Sasha Farber danced a foxtrot to "When You Believe" by Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston.
And there were a couple of special guests in the audience: Allison Janney, who played Harding's mother in the recent movie adaption of her life, I, Tonya, and Mckenna Grace, who played a younger Harding in the movie.
Harding and Farber were one of three couples facing possible elimination by the end of Monday's episode. But in the end, the audience voted to save Harding, and send the other two couples home in a double elimination.
The former figure skater immediately began crying and hugged Farber. In an interview shortly after with Entertainment Tonight, she said she was grateful to have the chance to continue. "People will get to see something new, something they haven't seen before," she said.
But some people were peeved by what they are calling her "redemption" tour.
Me imagining Mirai and Adam backstage at #DWTS when Tonya Harding walks in... pic.twitter.com/5dhqEonv6A
— Skating102 ⛸ (@skating102) May 1, 2018
I refuse to accept any version of a Tonya Harding Redemption Tour until she finally apologises to Nancy Kerrigan and takes responsibility for the part she played. Continuing to act like a victim w/out acknowledging her own involvement in the crime is a big no no #DailyPop
— Saranya (@dukebaby401) May 1, 2018
She has shown absolutely no remorse, and every word out of her mouth has been about how her figure skating career was "taken away" from her.
— Austin Butler's Campaign Manager (@shelbyboring) May 1, 2018
And although Harding is clearly starting a new chapter in her life and her career, there's at least one DWTS competitor who hasn't forgotten about the 1994 Nancy Kerrigan incident, where Harding was accused of conspiring to injure her competitor.
In an interview with Access Hollywood, NBA legend Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (jokingly, we think) referenced the infamous scandal. "I'm not competing against Tonya in a way where she needs to break my legs," he said. "We won't bring that up."
'Dancing With The Stars': Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Dishes On Competing Against Tonya Harding | Access
We can't wait to see what drama the rest of the season holds! Dancing With the Stars is on Monday nights at 8 p.m. on ABC.
Jamie Ballard
Jamie Ballard (she/her) is a freelance writer and editor who covers news, lifestyle, and entertainment topics, including sex and relationships, TV, movies, books, health, pets, food and drinks, pop culture, shopping, and personal finance. She regularly contributes to Cosmopolitan, Woman's Day, Good Housekeeping, and YouGov, among other publications. When she's not working, you can find her running, traveling, or scrolling TikTok. Follow her on Twitter.
Why Howie Mandel Ran Off During 'AGT: All Stars'
See Pedro Pascal's 'The Last of Us' Sneak Peek
Christie Brinkley Posts Throwback Bikini Shot
See Hilary Duff Stun In a Sexy Plunging Dress
Where to Watch and Stream '80 for Brady' Online
Fans Beg For Matthew Gray Gubler's Return to TV
Report: Global Catastrophic Cyber Event Coming
Rules 'The Voice' Contestants Have to Follow
Announcing GH+ Reads, Our Newest Membership Perk
Mark Your Calendars for These Upcoming 2023 Movies
These Are the Best Kids' Movies Coming Out in 2023


At Key-Log Economics, we that believe that better (more efficient, more just, more sustainable) outcomes are attainable when complete information is available to, and is used by, environmental and economic decision-makers. We put solid, applied research into the hands of NGOs and other clients and help them craft and execute strategies to achieve their conservation goals. Our particular expertise is in land and resource policy analysis backed by GIS, statistical, and other quantitative and qualitative ecological-economics research that we package as technical reports, articles, presentations, and strategic communications for policy, scientific, and lay audiences.
We are a 100% employee-owned, and majority women-owned, small business, and we are a learning organization that continually improves our craft so that we can help our clients be more effective in protecting the natural world.


EMSISD Education Foundation | Help support the Education Foundation!
Help support the Education Foundation!
The time is NOW! Your donation today, empowers students and educators to reach their highest learning potential. Together, we create a philantropic impact by valuing education as the most important resource a person can offer to his/her community and the world. You ARE the EMSISD Education Foundation.
Donate 100% - Add 3% so that 100% of the donation goes to EMSISD Education Foundation.
EMSISD Education Foundation has partnered with Network for Good to securely process your online credit card payment via Network for Good (tax ID 68-0480736). This transaction will appear on your credit card statement as "Network for Good." This transaction is subject to Network for Good's Privacy, Security & Disclosure Statement and the Charitable Solicitation Disclosure.


text:
Two lusty female cops suck large black dick before stud bangs one of them
Extreme, Male-Older Female
mebeal321
1019 Likes 4560 Viewed
Part 15 Maria and Juanita Tim moved swiftly into action.
Northern Mexico was in chaos. Miguel had been a fool to fight all the other cartels simultaneously, but he and Rafaela had made careful plans to keep his family safe.
Rafaela related their plans to Tim. He was impressed.
Within hours, Rafaela's cousins were on their way to her. As sad as Miguel's death had made her, she knew it had to end that way. Peter's death had been harder to accept as they'd always dreamed of being together to be father and daughter. Now that chance had ended. Even his thoughts were gone. When his kidnappers pulled Peter's laptop from its station, it triggered a program that erased and overwrote all files six times and then ignited a tiny thermite capsule, melting the hard drive.
Peter had always been thorough. He had named Michael as his executor and sole heir. The main house had been completed for several weeks, though the compound still had work to be done. Jake had developed a virtual program of the main house, as it would look after the post construction renovations, so the girls could begin ordering furniture.
Over the next two weeks, the furniture arrived and, after being thoroughly inspected by Tim's people, it was installed. Everyone was anxious to get into the new home. This would be their home for the foreseeable future. Five days after learning of Miguel and Peter's deaths, Michael and his harem were sitting in the rented house's living room, looking at the virtual plan with the furniture that the girls had selected.
Beth, Lynne, Rachael and Rafaela were having a spirited discussion on the color of the couch for the main living area. Michael smiled as Beth and Lynne opposed Rachael and Rafaela. They asked him to make the final decision. He declined. "Why not get both? We'll give away the one we don't like." Beth recoiled slightly then laughed.
Rafaela giggled. They heard the garage doors open. The bodyguard motioned them to stay and summoned his partner on the radio. He pressed his earpiece; then just said "Copy," into his microphone.
He looked at the family he had begun to love. "The girls are here." Six women seemed to levitate as one, rushing to the door that led to garage. Michael hung back. They didn't speak English, so he would let the girls communicate as only females can. He reached the door as Rafaela ushered the girls to him.
Maria looked into his eyes. She looked exhausted, her face sallow. The past several months had not been kind to her. She was still very pretty, having grown a bit to just over 5'2", maybe a hundred ten pounds with 34 C chest and a magnificent ass.
The Afghan clothing, though, hid her body.
"Hello Michael," she said softly, "I'm glad they didn't cut your cock off. Rafaela seems to have put it to good use." Her dark Latino eyes flashed impishly. "And yes, I speak English. So does Nita." She threw her arms around his neck and pulled him into a passionate kiss. "Now you can't run away.
And I'm 16!" Sixteen was the age of consent in Queensland. Maria had checked. Nita followed and gave Michael a tired hug. She looked like a younger Rafaela. She had clearly been crying. Rafaela led the girls to their rooms to change and sleep if they wanted. Rafaela, Maria and Nita came into the living room, now dressed in jeans and T-shirts.
Nita looked lost while Maria looked like a younger, darker version of Shoshana. Michael had been sipping a particularly good South Australian wine.
He refilled his glass and then looked at Rafaela who nodded slightly. "Would you like some wine Maria? Nita?" Both nodded and he poured them a small glass. As tired as the girls were, they would almost certainly go to sleep. "What's that?" Maria asked indicating the wide screen that still showed the virtual living room. She was sitting next to Rafaela.
"That's our new home. We'll be moving in about ten days. Rachael restarted the animation showing the ocean view from the pool deck. "Holy Mother of God, Rafaela. Do you have so much money?" Maria asked a bit breathlessly. Rachael answered for her, "Rafaela is very wealthy, yes, but so am I and my children.
In fact, Lynne probably has the most money. Beth also has a large trust fund. So does Shoshana." She giggled at the Maria's look. Nita sat next to Alice, to whisper something. She smiled and said aloud, "Yes honey, I'm all healed up," looking at Michael, "much better than new." Nita was quiet, then whispered to Alice again. Alice's eyes widened. She took Nita by the hand, pulling her into another room. Rafaela looked at Maria, eyes demanding. "You know how you and Nita look a lot alike?
After you fled, he forced Nita to come to him. He did many bad things to her." "What about you?" "He was tired of me. He took me to his bed when you were arrested." Maria said calmly. Seeing the look of horror on Rafaela's face, Maria said almost gaily, "don't worry Rafaela, Alice will fix Nita and me. She fixed you!" "She fixed all of us," Beth said softly, "With some help." "All of you? You mean you've all been raped?" The girls nodded, then laughed when Michael said, "Not me!" Nita fell asleep in Alice's arms.
Michael lifted her easily and took her to her room. "Rafaela, please help me get her jeans off. She said has some genital injuries, so we may need an OB/GYN." Michael left the room. They came out about 15 minutes later. "He used his belt on her.
He was drunk. She's really bruised and swollen. We'll have to get her to a doctor for a full examination." Alice paused, "I think it's best that I sleep with her tonight. She's really disoriented." Michael nodded, pulling out his phone to make the medical appointment through Tim. Leaving in the dark, early morning, Tim's men took Nita, Alice, Rafaela and Michael to a hospital in Brisbane. Tim would only allow ex-SAS or SARS drivers.
They had grown up with the left hand driving pattern. A young woman in scrubs took Nita and his two women into the examination room. Michael waited with the guards. It was an agonizing wait. He flashed back to Beth's rape. He prayed for this little girl as he had prayed for Beth.
Finally, the three emerged. "I'll be OK. He bruised my clit. That's why it hurt so much." She tried to smile. The guards were talking into their microphones, setting up their return. They approached Michael. "Tim wants us to wait until dark. We can go to a movie." He showed Michael his PDA that had the movies listed. "Nita, anything look interesting?" Her eyes lit up.
A romantic comedy. Inside, Michael groaned. The guard's hands flew over the screen before announcing, "Done.
We can leave now." Nita and Alice took the back seat. Nita fell asleep on the ride back, a deep peaceful sleep with her head in Alice's lap. Michael and Rafaela sat in the second row, talking quietly. "I really liked the doctor," Rafaela gushed, "She's young, single and very knowledgeable.
She's from Surfers Paradise and has a lot of local contacts. And you know, I need a local doctor." She placed his hand on her growing belly. "Did you get her card?" She handed it to him. "I'll have Tim check her out." She squeezed his hand.
"Anything you want to share about Nita?" She took a deep breath. "Miguel, God rest his soul, was a total, sick bastard. I think you have two more broken birds to help," turning to face him, her eyes fiery, "as a father figure, not as a lover!" "He used them. Because Nita looks like me, he turned his sick fantasy into reality." "With Maria, he shared her with his friends until she got a disease, then he wouldn't touch her or talk to her.
She's clean now, or at least Nita thinks so. Miguel was looking for me when he was killed. It was his men that tried to kidnap my father." "Michael, I have access to Miguel's accounts.
What should I do?" "Concentrate on our little girl," he said rubbing her belly. "Girl?" she giggled. "We don't need more girls!" Several days passed. Tim cleared the doctor and said he would make the contact. Michael was in a deep sleep when he began to feel something wet on his cock. One of his women was slurping his cock, beneath the sheets. For a few seconds, he laid back and enjoyed the incredible pleasure of the unfamiliar technique.
He threw back the sheet. Maria lay naked with his cock in her mouth. A hand on his shoulder, crying urgently, "Michael." It had been a dream. He snapped fully awake, bolting upright, ready to do battle. He sat in the middle of his women. Beth giggled, "You were moaning. We thought you were having another nightmare," now gripping his cock, "Or maybe a dream about your harem." More giggles. His cock was very hard. He looked at Shoshana. She moved to him without hesitation.
A deep kiss as her body molded to his. As Beth's wet lips closed around his throbbing shaft, he realized that the dream feelings had been real.
Shoshana was totally committed to Michael. They both knew it. Looking into his eyes, she slid sensuously down his body. She whispered, "I love you," and lay atop him, her back against his chest. Loving hands guided him into her. She wiggled down his body until he was deep inside her. Then she sat up, driving his cock deep into her tunnel.
She rotated her hips moving in a circular dance. He grabbed her hips. He was too close. She kicked one then the other leg out, lying down, her back to his chest. Hungry mouths sucked her long nipples and clit. She felt her climax build. But her senses were really only tuned to Michael.
With one arm around her waist, he whispered, "Feel your sister's tongue on your beautiful pussy, licking both of us," he paused as she shivered, "Feel your sister's sucking your beautiful, long nipples, their tongues caressing you," another pause as Shoshana began to moan loud, her climax almost there, "feel my cock joining us…forever," using his hands, he told Lynne to suck and bite Shoshana's clit. She screamed her delight, her physical climax minor compared to her heart's.
She stayed wrapped in a blanket of pleasure and joy. There was a gentle knock at the bedroom door. Beth answered it, opening the door just a bit. "I heard you," Maria said, "It sounds like an orgy in there. Is Rafaela in there? Can I come in?" Rafaela jumped off the bed and grabbed her robe. She slid through the door and closed it firmly. "Busted," Beth said giggling, "No use in letting this goes to waste." She faced away from him, threw her leg over his hips and began to work his cock into her VERY wet slit.
"Rafa, you all have sex with him?" Rafaela nodded, looking closely at Maria to see the effect. "What about Alice?" Rafaela nodded, smiling. "What about me and Nita? Will we have to have sex with him?" "No. First, Michael is our man and we give ourselves to him. He would never force us." "What if we want to have him too?" Rafaela sighed. "Then he and all of his women would have to agree. Chika," using her nickname, "he is a good man, maybe the best.
But to be one of his women would mean you would have a very closed life." "But isn't that what will happen anyway?" Shocked, Rafaela looked into her cousin's eyes. "For now, you're right. I think Michael has a plan," she thought, 'Dear God let him have a plan,' "but you have your whole life in front of you." "Right.
I'm a diseased whore with my whole life in front of me." Maria spat with bitterness and pain. "You're no whore," Rafaela said, her mind reeling. "No? More than a hundred men have fucked me. Miguel gave me to them. I've sucked many more.
Isn't that a whore or at least a slut?" Pain etched on her face, "and it hurts like hell to pee. It feels like I'm on fire. So I'm a diseased whore." Rafaela calmed her. They talked about her room in the new house, Rafaela hiding her desperation to get to Michael.
Eventually Maria slept. Rafaela kissed her temple and silently exited. Early the next morning, three Escalades sped back to Brisbane. In the car, Michael sat with Rafaela while Alice sat with Maria.
"Michael, do you think I'm pretty?" Maria asked with a sultry voice. "Sorry Honey, No," shocking Rafaela, Alice and Maria, "you're beautiful." Maria giggled. "You know how to pay the game, huh?" "I'm learning." The same doctor attended Maria that had attended Nita.
This time she came out with Alice, Rafaela and Alice. She held out her hand, "Jennifer Doland." Michael's eyes showed shock. She looked like his dead wife, Vika. "Michael," he couldn't remember the last name of his cover identity. "Two abused young girls in one week?" anger flashing in her eyes, "do you want to explain or should I just call the police?" "Doctor, please," Rafaela tried to rescue the situation. "If you will, doctor," Michael indicated a secluded alcove of the waiting room.
"Doctor, I have not had sex with either of the girls we have brought in," firm and undeniable, "they were abused by their uncle and, before that, by their father." "You know Maria has internal injuries?" They shook their heads no. "I don't mean physical, I mean emotional." "I, too am a doctor, a trauma counselor," Alice spoke up, "We've had remarkable success with rape victims.
If, however, you call the police, you will never see us again. " The doctor looked dubious. Michael hesitated, "you have been approached to be a private, concierge doctor to a family on the Sunshine coast?" She nodded.
"You?" Michael nodded. He watched as she fit all the information together. "They said one woman was four or five months pregnant?" looking at Rafaela. She stroked her stomach. "Doctor, …" Michael started. She held up her hand, "I know, no notes and keep my mouth shut. You're an Afghani family, running from the Taliban." She led Rafaela back into the examination room. When Rafaela returned with Jennifer, both were smiling. "She's in great shape," looking at Alice, "obviously she's had a lot of care.
Single heartbeat, so no twins. Slow heart rate, so probably female. Rafa says she wants to try to nurse, so no cosmetic surgery for a while. We'll need an ultrasound machine at the house. I know some good plastic surgeons. Some of your women have scars?" Michael nodded.
"We'll get them fixed up. Can you get me the plans for the clinic? There are some things I will want if I am going to be delivering babies!" He handed Rafaela a bottle of pills.
"She takes two immediately, then one a day for a week. Then she pees in a cup and you get it to me. I'll be there in two weeks. If they let me go earlier, I'll be there earlier." Michael smiled. She had just told him to swing his influence bat. She would be there whenever they needed her. Workers finished the clinic in three days, the day before Jennifer arrived.
A few pieces of equipment were still on order, but most was already installed. "Moving day" finally arrived. The move itself went off with military precision. The Afghani embassy proved to be a problem. They demanded the names of the Afghani residents. A single phone call soothed ruffled feathers.
They moved at night. Jennifer arrived shortly after Michael, his harem and the two girls. While Jennifer's apartment was on the second floor of the clinic, she would have access to the main house and lap pool as well. Around 10 PM, the guards brought Jennifer to the main house. She had reviewed the medical files of each woman. Incredible. 8 rape victims with one man. She wanted to meet these women in their home environment.
She entered a room filled with love. Rafaela lounged in Michael's arms while Beth rubbed her feet. Lynne, Rachael, Shoshana and Nita sat at a table, two laptops in front of them. Maria and Alice were absent. Michael rose to greet her. Maria and Alice came from the back of the house, waiving happily. Jennifer was clearly uncomfortable. Michael offered her a glass of wine that she accepted quickly.
"Everything OK?" Michael asked. "My apartment is fantastic! Once everything arrives, the clinic will be great. I was just a little lonely…" Nita came over and hugged her. Beth came to her. "I'm Beth. Not sure you'll see too much of me. All my plumbing's been taken out." "You're on You Tube.
You're the rape victim that begged them to release her rapists!" 'Shit', Michael thought, 'this could ruin everything.' "Now I understand. You just wanted to be left alone. Don't worry, I won't tell anyone." Rachael, Lynne and Shoshana introduced themselves.
Jennifer looked into Shoshana's radiant eyes, "Honey, we need to schedule some time together tomorrow. I want to see how the treatments are coming." Rachael extended her hand. "I'm Rachael and you need to have some more wine." The older woman giggled. "You need to catch up." Jennifer smiled, liking these people. She began to relax. The guards escorted her back to her new apartment after three bottles of shared wine.
Tags: Oral Sex Transvestite Teen Female Solo Female Domination
jcal1234
Wow, so hot
Hornyjames176
I cum like that as well! Watch me cum in my video! I don' t always cum that way.
prajnaimmovable
My god that was fucking hot!
masonle9
That' s what i' m talkin about!
AnuShogun
Damn. They took down the full version, it was hot as fuck!
omardavis10
Video at 8: 09?
luxkag
Big ass white babe deepthroats...
Pamela Link unlocked the door to her luxurious Park Ave. apartment and ushered the nervous eighteen year old blonde inside the foyer. "From now on this will be your new home," Pam said while leading Angela into the gigantic living room. "So, what do you think?" "I-I think it's the...
sweetlikekoko
Fbailey story number 510 Am I Still Attractive My wife came home one day and said that the daughter of our neighbor didn't think that she was attractive any more and that she wanted me to take nude pictures of her and post them to the Internet to get comments. My wife...
cherrysexgirls
Oriental girl from Den Haag...
Adventures of Corey The Football game Story by Richard Barber It didn't take long for me to be known as the school cocksucker and a fine pussy boy from a select few guys that wanted to be serviced at my school. My brothers, Carl and Roy and their best buddies, Jake and...
amrcdo
Gagging cutie with his dick
Ryan and Morgan Introduction: I was at a friend's house and had this fantasy. The girl is like a sister to me, but that plays no part in this story. I also have to type this with one hand, because I recently broke my right. Anyways, enjoy. I'm Ryan. A normal kid...
gokuthesupersaiyan
Cuban huge titted honey fucked...
June 20th, 2010 Dear Diary, Do you want to hear a secret? … you see, the thing is… I'm a dirty little slut. It all started a few days ago… I saw him staring at my tits as they fought to escape my skimpy top and my flimsy bra. I smiled at...
assass12341234
Tight and fit schoolgirl decides...
Here is my first story on this website. I hope you enjoy. I am going to disable comments because I know what some retards are doing just to get laid and it will not happen on my story, so if you want to tell me something just click on my...
dragster_96
HOrny sweet Kharlie Stone loves...
Sweating heavily as I mowed the lawn on a steamy summer morning, my mind strayed to the coming week when my wife Ginny and I were vacationing with close friends at a mountain lake cabin about a six hour drive west. I was about 20 minutes short of completing...
doblelicious
Hot busty bree brooks bangs...
Hi This is the second story I have put here with my husbands account. I have added one story before about the first time someone other than my husband fucked me. That was a long time before this story. What you can expect in my tales is an accounting of the incident,...


text:
Most Read: Contributor Luxembourg, November 2021
Pakistan: How To Protect Your Intellectual Property Rights In Pakistan
by Dennemeyer
Dennemeyer Group
With the gargantuan China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative, Pakistan is going to become an important trade hub between China, Central Asia and Europe. The One Belt / One Road project, which started back in the year 2016, includes the largest deep-sea port in the region, rails, roads and airports.
Due to its strategic location bordering China, India and Afghanistan, Pakistan has a unique commercial position altogether, so that a high volume of trade in goods, both internationally and locally, is expected to be in transit. Where there is much light, there is also much shadow, and numerous chances for counterfeit goods to travel down the road on their way to the international markets. The government of Pakistan is keeping an eye on this phenomenon by providing several platforms to IP owners aimed at protecting their IPRs.
Customs recordal
To prevent counterfeit goods from entering the local and international markets, brand owners may enforce their rights through the Pakistan customs by filing a written complaint with proof of their IP registrations. Right holders have the option to record their trademarks and copyrights (provided they are registered with the Pakistani PTO) with the customs so that the customs officials will watch the IPRs throughout Pakistan.
Remedies:
Fines, seizures and destruction of counterfeit goods.
Criminal prosecution
Following market surveys for the detection of counterfeits, brand owners may file criminal complaints through the local police, or The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA).
Action will be taken by a written complaint filed with a proof of ownership of the IPRs. The offense is persecuted under the Copyright Ordinance 1962 (amended in 2000), the Trademark Ordinance 2001 and the Penal Laws of Pakistan.
Investigations, anti-counterfeit raids, destruction of fakes and the arrest of the infringer. The case will be transferred to the Criminal Court for further trial under the Criminal Procedure Code of Pakistan.
Civil action
After the formation of the Intellectual Property Tribunal in Pakistan under the IPO Act 2012, brand owners may seek a remedy by filing a lawsuit (civil suit) against the infringer before the IP Tribunal under the Trademark Ordinance 2001 of Pakistan.
With due proof of ownership and / or use of the trademark in Pakistan, the Tribunal may issue a restraining order / temporary injunction against the defendant(s) not to use the trademark henceforth, and issue notice IPs to further appear before the Tribunal for the main trial.
After the conclusion of the evidence, the Tribunal may pass judgment with a permanent injunction, award damages (if claimed by the plaintiff) or any other relief it may deem fit.
From a practitioner's point of view, we very much welcome the establishment of a specialized IP Tribunal, which presents numerous advantages:
Creation of subject matter experts/expertise;
Effectiveness of decisions;
Ability to create special court procedures to enhance and speed up the trial;
Efficiency and accuracy of decision making;
Consistency and predictability of case outcomes;
Progressive and dynamic processing.
The Pakistani government has already taken many initiatives to protect IPRs and has fortified this aim with various effective ways of contending the counterfeiting of trademarks. Counterfeit items can be prevented from entering the local and international markets from Pakistan especially through the customs authorities or the local law enforcement agencies.
It is recommended that right owners and their IP lawyers or agents work together with the Pakistani authorities to develop a strategy for efficiently utilizing the available means since each case will present its peculiarities.
Dennemeyer
Pakistan Intellectual Property Trademark
POPULAR ARTICLES ON: Intellectual Property from Pakistan
What's In A Name? Lots, If It's A Geographical Indication Of Origin!
A geographical indication of origin (GI) is a type of intellectual property defined in the Trademarks Act. GI refers to a name, sign or other indication used to identify a wine, spirit...
Patent Law in India
Anand & Anand
The Patents Act 1970, along with the Patents Rules 1972, came into force on 20th April 1972, replacing the Indian Patents and Designs Act 1911. The Patents Act was largely based on the recommendations of the Ayyangar Committee Report headed by Justice N. Rajagopala Ayyangar. One of the recommendations was the allowance of only process patents with regard to inventions relating to drugs, medicines, food and chemicals.
Difference Between Passing Off And Infringement Of The Trade Mark
Khurana and Khurana
A Trade mark may be defined as a lawfully protected abstract, word, symbol, color, mark, slogan or a mixture of those related to an organization or a selected product that differentiates it from the others accessible within the market.
Anti-Youtube Copyright System Case Stumbling
Oyen Wiggs Green & Mutala LLP
YouTube, the second most visited website in the world (after only its parent, Google), is currently facing a lawsuit regarding the company's copyright protection program.
All You Need To Know About "Well-Known Trademarks"
With coming up of the new Trade Mark Rules 2017, a new procedure has been created that allows the Registrar to proclaim a particular trademark as "well known".
Doing The Wright Thing: When A Good Apology Is All You Need
Bereskin & Parr LLP
Civil contempt of court proceedings are quasi-criminal in nature.
Understanding Pakistan's Date Of Use Trademark Law Dennemeyer Group
Pakistan Has Joined The Madrid System United Trademark & Patent Services
Pakistan Joins The Madrid System: Facts And Key Takeaways Dennemeyer Group
Enjoy Your Meal! Pakistan Adds Geographical Indications To Their IPR Menu Dennemeyer Group
Government Notifies Revised Fee Structure For Trademarks S.S. Rana & Co. Advocates


text:
"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius is Silver Medal Winner in 2017 Global Ebook Awards ― Technology Category
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions by Scott M. Graffius received recognition from the 2017 Global Ebook Awards. Graffius' ebook won the silver in the Technology category (and also the bronze in the Business category).
Established in 2011, the competition is open to English-language ebooks from all publishers including the Big Five—Penguin Random House, HarperCollins, Macmillan, Simon & Schuster, and Hachette—and self-published authors. Judging was conducted by librarians, professional critics and other industry professionals with experience in the category they evaluate. Ebooks were assessed on design, content, and overall appeal for the target audience. Awards shine a light on the best books available in digital format.
Thank you to the technical editors on the book, Chris Hare and Colin Giffen.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in digital and print at Amazon. For more on the book, please visit agilescrumguide.com.
Tags: Agile • Agile Scrum • Agile Scrum Guide • @Exceptional_LLC • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Book • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Scott M. Graffius • Scrum • Awards • Silver Medal Winner • Global Ebook Awards • Technology Category
"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius is Silver Medal Winner in 2017 CIPA EVVY Book Awards ― Business Category
Scott M. Graffius of Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™ had consulting engagements with a division of a global entertainment business. A fantastic agile transformation experience with that client was the inspiration for the book, Agile Scrum. This is an update related to the book.
On Saturday night, August 19, the Colorado Independent Publishers Association recognized author Scott M. Graffius at its 23rd Annual CIPA EVVY Awards in Denver, Colorado. Graffius was bestowed a silver medal in the Business category for his book, Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. CIPA is a nonprofit cooperative of authors, book publishers and industry professionals; and the EVVY awards program is named after CIPA founder, Evelyn Kaye. The competition is open to books in print, e-books and audio books from around the world. Entries were judged by a panel of literary agents, authors, editors, critics, and business leaders. Outstanding works are credited with awards.
Tags: Agile • Agile Scrum • Agile Scrum Guide • @Exceptional_LLC • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Book • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Scott M. Graffius • Scrum • Awards • Business Category • Silver Medal Winner • CIPA EVVY Book Awards • CIPA • EVVY
"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius Receives Medal from 2017 FAPA President's Book Awards
On Saturday night, August 5, the Florida Authors and Publishers Association presented its annual President's Book Awards. FAPA bestowed a silver medal in the Business category to Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. FAPA is a non-profit 501(c)(3) that is dedicated to providing the highest quality of information, resources, and professional development to members and others interested in the writing and publishing profession. Librarians, book industry professionals, and educators judged entries. Books demonstrating excellence in design, content and production were honored with awards.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in digital and print at Amazon. The book's digital media kit is located at https://agilescrumguide.com. The book is also on Twitter (@AgileScrumGuide), Facebook (AgileScrumGuide), and Pinterest (AgileScrumGuide).
Tags: Agile • Agile Scrum • Agile Scrum Guide • @Exceptional_LLC • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Book • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Scott M. Graffius • Scrum • Awards • Silver Medal Winner • Business Category • FAPA President's Book Awards • Florida Authors and Publishers Association • FAPA
"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius is Silver Medal Winner in 2017 Literary Classics International Book Awards ― Instructional Category
The 2017 Literary Classics International Book Awards presented Scott M. Graffius with a silver medal in the Instructional category for his publication, Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. Literary Classics is dedicated to furthering excellence in literature. The judging committee was comprised of experts with backgrounds in publishing, writing, editing, design, and illustration. Books of exceptional merit promoting vision, creativity, and learning are honored with awards.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in digital and print at Amazon. For more on the book, see the digital media kit at agilescrumguide.com.
Tags: Agile • Agile Scrum • Agile Scrum Guide • @Exceptional_LLC • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Book • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Scott M. Graffius • Scrum • Awards • Silver Medal Winner • Literary Classics International Book Awards • Instructional Category
"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius is Silver Medal Winner in 2017 North American Book Awards ― Business Leadership and Management Category
The 2017 North American Book Awards presented Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions with the silver medal in the Business Leadership and Management category. The competition is open to works published in North America by small, medium, large, and independent presses as well as self-published authors. Each entry was evaluated by three judges with expertise in the corresponding genre, and books of outstanding merit are honored with awards.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in digital and print at Amazon. For more on the book, please see agilescrumguide.com.
Tags: Agile • Agile Scrum • Agile Scrum Guide • @Exceptional_LLC • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Book • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Scott M. Graffius • Scrum • Awards • Silver Medal Winner • Business Leadership and Management Category • North American Book Awards
"Agile Scrum" Guide Nabs Silver Medal from Readers' Favorite
Scott M. Graffius, CEO of Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™, had consulting engagements with a division of a global entertainment business. A fantastic agile transformation experience and result with that client was the inspiration for Scott's book, Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. This is an update on the book.
Agile Scrum won the silver medal in the Business/Finance category at the 2018 Readers' Favorite International Book Awards. A press release from Scott is located here and the news is presented below as well.
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions by Scott M. Graffius helps technical and non-technical teams develop and deliver products at astounding speed with rapid adaptation to change and continuous improvement which supports innovation and drives competitive advantage. Reactions to the book have been incredibly positive. The latest accolade comes from the 2018 Readers' Favorite International Book Awards (https://readersfavorite.com/2018-award-contest-winners.htm), which awarded Agile Scrum with the silver medal in the Business/Finance category. With thousands of entries ranging from New York Times bestsellers to works from first-time self-published authors, the program is one of the largest book competitions. Graffius will be presented with the silver medal on stage at a gala in Miami, Florida on Saturday, November 17, 2018.
Scott M. Graffius, PMP, CSP, CSM, CSPO, ITIL, LSSGB is a project management expert, consultant, author, and international speaker. He is the Founder and CEO of Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™, a management consulting firm. Scott is a former vice president of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more. For more information on Scott, visit http://Exceptional-PMO.com/who_we_are/bio.
Title: Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions
Author: Scott M. Graffius
Technical Editors: Chris Hare and Colin Giffen
Formats: Paperback and ebook, both in full color
Pub Date: April 5, 2016 (paperback), May 20, 2016 (ebook)
Publisher: CreateSpace (paperback), Amazon Digital Services (ebook)
Price: Paperback $34.99 US, ebook $19.99 US
ISBN-13: 978-1533370242 (paperback)
ASIN: B01FZ0JIIY (ebook)
Channels: The paperback is available from Amazon in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States; other online and offline bookstores and retailers; distributors including Ingram and NACSCORP; libraries and academic institutions through Baker & Taylor; and certified resellers through CreateSpace Direct wholesale. The ebook is for sale through Amazon in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States; and other channels.
A trailer, high-resolution images, reviews, a detailed list of awards and more are available at https://AgileScrumGuide.com.
Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™ (http://Exceptional-PMO.com) helps organizations achieve their strategic objectives and business initiatives via world-class project management. The firm provides expert advisory, training, and facilitative consulting services related to project, program, portfolio, and PMO management in agile, traditional, and hybrid development and delivery frameworks.
Tags: Project Management Professional (PMP) • Certified Scrum Professional (CSP) • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM) • @Exceptional_LLC • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO) • IT Service Management (ITIL) • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB) • Agile • Agile Scrum • Scrum • B01FZ0JIIY • E-book • Awards • 978-1533370242 • Miami • Chris Hare • Colin Giffen • Gala • Book • Ebook • November 18 • PMP • CSP • CSM • CSPO • ITIL • LSSGB • Project Management • SDLC • Amazon • CreateSpace • NACSCORP • Baker & Taylor • Silver Medal Winner • 2018 Readers Favorite Book Awards • 2018 Readers' Favorite Book Awards • 2018 Readers Favorite International Book Awards • 2018 Readers' Favorite International Book Awards • Scott M. Graffius • Business/Finance Category • Press Release • Innovation • Continuous Improvement • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions • Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions™ • Readers' Favorite • Readers Favorite • AgileScrumGuide.com • ScottGraffius.com • Exceptional-PMO.com • Scott M. Graffius • Award-Winning Book • Medalist • Ingram


text:
Published on August 1, 2020 August 1, 2020 by CIGH Exeter
Dancers at the first-ever iteration of Carnival in St Pancras Town Hall. © Getty Images
Marc-William Palen
Follow on Twitter @MWPalen
From remembering Claudia Jones to Brexit, Australian style, here are this week's top picks in imperial and global history.
Marxist, Feminist, Revolutionary: Remembering Notting Hill Carnival Founder Claudia Jones
Sagal Mohammed
Notting Hill Carnival is a monumental event, attracting millions of revellers to West London every year to celebrate the city's Caribbean community in all its glory. But what is now hailed as a beautiful symbol of multiculturalism (and the second largest street party in the world) was once a humble attempt at unifying a community violently torn apart by racism and xenophobia at the visionary hands of its founding mother, Claudia Jones. Born in Trinidad in 1915, Jones dedicated her life to the fight against intolerance, inequality and oppression. She migrated to Harlem, New York, at the age of eight with her family, where she would grow up to become a political activist and pioneering journalist, giving a voice to the voiceless.
As a child, Jones had always been academically bright, but her education was cut short when she was diagnosed with tuberculosis during her teens – a disease that would plague her throughout her life. After graduating from high school, she worked various retail jobs before discovering her passion for writing, eventually landing an editorial role at a local newspaper. While on staff, she began to engage more and more in politics and activism – spurred on by the injustices of Jim Crow segregation and widespread poverty in African-American communities. [continue reading]
Marcuse Today
Ronald Aronson
Boston Review
When Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man appeared fifty years ago, it was a revelation. To many of us who were becoming the New Left, Marcuse reflected and explained our own feeling of suffocation, our alienation from an increasingly totalitarian universe that trumpeted its freedom at every moment. We had grown up in it, we had encountered it in Allen Ginsberg's Howl; but until One-Dimensional Man, we could scarcely understand, let alone describe, it. A student of Marcuse's, I wrote at the time in Radical America that the book was "a major step in our breaking out of that closing universe. By naming it, by helping us to get conscious of it, by conveying its overwhelming power, [Marcuse] helped us to define ourselves in opposition to it—total opposition."
He spoke to a deep sense of alienation. "The pure form of servitude," he wrote, is "to exist as an instrument, as a thing. And this mode of existence is not abrogated if the thing is animated and chooses its material and intellectual food, if it does not feel its being-a-thing, if it is a pretty, clean, mobile thing." Moreover, "Free election of masters does not abolish the masters or the slaves." [continue reading]
We already fought a cold war with Beijing and it went very badly
Jonathan Hunt
Responsible Statecraft
When General Omar Bradley, the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, addressed the U.S. Congress in 1951, he warned that to react to a massive communist Chinese counter-offensive across the Yalu River by sending U.S. troops into Manchuria would be "the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy." By the time the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, and the United States finished hammering out a ceasefire three years later, the border had shifted a few miles to the north, while 36,000 Americans and approximately 3 million Koreans had lost their lives.
Experts, historians, and even a sitting U.S. senator have heralded a "new Cold War" with China. The phrase even entered official discourse after the Global Times — a quasi-official Chinese Communist Party English-language media outlet — fired off the Twitter hashtag #newcoldwar. [continue reading]
'H. and I are going to rebel'
Angelique Richardson
Life in the United Kingdom: A Guide for New Residents, published on behalf of the Home Office, 'approved by ministers' and retailing at £12.99, is 'the only official handbook on which the Life in the UK test is based'. Last week the Historical Association published an open letter – signed so far by more than 350 historians – pointing out that the handbook is 'fundamentally misleading and in places demonstrably false'. Five immigration lawyers have detailed further disturbing omissions. Some of the most misleading passages date only from the third edition, of 2013. No people of colour in the colonies or the UK are mentioned apart from Sake Dean Mahomed, who co-founded England's first curry house in 1810. The handbook provides clear detail on the constitution, but the past it presents is both whitewashed and devoid of the work of decades of revisionist history. Anyone applying for British citizenship (in the year to March 2020, 165,693 people) will have had to commit this to memory to pass the test.
I took a practice test. I was asked to locate the Cenotaph, identify some flags of the Union, and name the country of which roast beef is a traditional food. In the Victorian age, the handbook says, 'Britain increased in power and influence abroad,' calling to mind a phrase I encountered in a history text book at school in the 1980s: Britain was the 'policeman of the world'. It had seemed arrestingly strange to me, even in primary school. [continue reading]
Brexit, Australian style: will leaving the EU breathe new life into an old friendship?
Stuart Ward
When Boris Johnson unveiled his government's new points-based immigration system in February 2020, designed to deliver Brexit by shifting Britain's migrant intake "away from a reliance on cheap labour from Europe", the spin cycle was at full tilt. This was no raising of the drawbridge, but a signal that "the UK is open and welcoming to the top talent from across the world" – inspired by the shining example of Australia. Throughout the 2019 election campaign, Johnson had relentlessly touted an "Australian-style points-based system" in order to "take back control" of Britain's borders. Though criticised by his own advisers for signalling "different things to different people", the "Australian-style" tag stuck.
Capitalising on the encouraging voter response, Johnson took the Australian connection a step further within days of "getting Brexit done" on January 31. In a major address to business leaders, the prime minister went out of his way to dispel outmoded conceptions of Britain's future options outside the European Union. "The choice is emphatically not 'deal or no deal'," he insisted. "The question is whether we agree a trading relationship with the EU comparable to Canada's – or more like Australia's. In either case, I have no doubt that Britain will prosper." [continue reading]
Categories Imperial & Global History•Tags Marc-William Palen, Top Picks in Imperial & Global History
Previous Historians Call for a Review of UK's Home Office Citizenship and Settlement Test


text:
Civil Litigation Brief
Updates and Commentary on Civil Procedure, by Gordon Exall, Barrister, Kings Chambers, Leeds, Manchester & Birmingham. Hardwicke, London
Browse: Home » 2018 » May » 02 » PROVING THINGS 91: HOW TELLING IS A "FIST BUMP"? A JUDGE NOTICES THINGS THAT GO ON OUTSIDE THE WITNESS BOX
PROVING THINGS 91: HOW TELLING IS A "FIST BUMP"? A JUDGE NOTICES THINGS THAT GO ON OUTSIDE THE WITNESS BOX
May 2, 2018 · by gexall · in Civil evidence, Witness statements
There are a number of issues that arise in the judgment of Mrs Justice Yip in the judgment today Clark v Farley & Anor [2018] EWHC 1007 (QB). It shows how how a defendant failed to prove its case and the limits on how far a judge can infer matters. It is also an example of how a judge can notice things beyond the witness box, and how they can come to form part (albeit a small part) of the overall assessment of witnesses and the evidence generally.
(HOMAGE TO COLIN ETTINGER
It seems fitting that I dedicate this post to Colin Ettinger. I found out yesterday that Colin has retired. A partner with Irwin Mitchell and former president of APIL, Colin has always been a keen supporter of the "proving thing" series, sometimes sending me notes of cases he thought could be useful. Colin knows the importance of proving things. His knowledge was, I suspect, gained over many years of hard-earned experience. It was always a pleasure to take part in talks and activities organised by him where he was keen to pass this knowledge and enthusiasm on to his colleagues and other members of the profession. I wish him well, but I don't really believe he has "retired" entirely.)
THE JUDGE SEES EVERYTHING THAT GOES ON IN COURT
Before turning to the facts of the case itself this case is a clear example of the warnings given by Fleur Kingham in her lecture, considered yesterday.
"What you don't realise until you are on the Bench is just how much a Judge sees and hears. You have to assume that the Judge sees everything you do and hears everything you say in Court"
We see an example in this case. A witness, Ryan Edmonds, gave evidence. There were questions as to where his loyalties lay. Mrs Justice Yip observed not only his evidence, but his actions when leaving court.
While he was a somewhat diffident witness, he appeared to be doing his best to tell the truth. I did not get the impression he had set out to assist the claimant's case. Indeed, I noticed that he "fist-bumped" Mr Farley on the way out of court, suggesting an allegiance to him.
THE FACTS IN CLARK -v- FARLEY
The claimant was seriously injured in a motor cycle accident. He was a pillion passenger on an off-road motorcycle that was involved in a collision with another motorcycle. Neither bike was insured. The MIB was, in reality, the substantive defendant. The MIB ran a defence of ex turpi causa.
THE JUDGE'S ASSESSMENT OF THE EVIDENCE
The judge had to assess whether the claimant was involved in a "joint enterprise" to drive dangerously.
"On the evidence before me, there was nothing to indicate that Liam Clark was anything other than a normal boy aged 15, nearly 16. I have heard nothing negative about him. He was interested in clothes and girls. He lived in the Clock Face area of St Helens and it appears that he had many friends in the area. He tended to 'hang around with' boys and young men who were older than him, including Ryan Lee and Lee Callery. It was suggested on behalf of the MIB that this was evidence of Liam's maturity. From all I have seen and heard in this case, I rather have the impression that it was more a result of the immaturity of others. I accept what his mother said: "He was as mature as any kid that age."
There was an issue as to Liam's interest in and experience of motorcycles prior to the accident. Darren Farley asserted in a witness statement provided to the MIB that he had seen Liam riding a motorcycle around the estate where he lived, and on the path where the accident occurred, "on many occasions". He also claimed that he had been told by an unidentified friend that a couple of nights before the accident Liam had been riding a motorcycle and was seen talking to his mother who was in a car.
By contrast, Miss Woods said she had never seen Liam on a motorcycle. He had never expressed any interest in motorcycles. To her knowledge, he had never ridden one before, although she frankly admitted that he could have done so without her knowing. Her evidence was supported by that of Miss McGann and Mr Prescott, both of whom knew Liam well. They lived in the area and had never seen Liam on a motorcycle or seen or heard anything to indicate he was interested in them.
On this issue, I have no hesitation in preferring the evidence called on behalf of the claimant to that of Mr Farley. Miss Woods struck me as a patently honest witness. While the trial cannot have been easy for her, she gave her evidence in a measured way. She was not naïve, being willing to accept that Liam might have ridden a bike without her knowledge. She certainly did not strike me as a mother who would have condoned her son riding a motorbike about the estate. It is very unlikely that Liam regularly rode motorbikes in the vicinity of his home without his mother becoming aware of that. Darren Farley said in his statement "It is the kind of place where everyone knows everyone else's business."
I did not find Mr Farley to be a reliable witness. He displayed a total lack of empathy for the claimant and seemed interested only in himself and in denying any responsibility. I acknowledge that he suffered a head injury. I do not know whether he has suffered any neurocognitive sequelae that might have contributed to his combative attitude. He told me that his memory had been affected. Whatever the reason, he was a distinctly unimpressive witness. He insisted he had seen Liam and his friends riding motorbikes "many times". He was unable to name any of the friends. He could not identify any specific times or locations when this occurred. He initially said he had seen Liam riding motorbikes at the accident location "many times" previously. In his oral evidence, he changed this to "once or twice" before conceding that he had never seen him there before the accident date. Cross-examined by Mr Worthington QC, he said that he did not really know Liam before the accident but knew of him. When later questioned by Mr Melton QC about his recollection of seeing Liam on motorbikes, he claimed to have known him quite well. To be blunt, I did not believe Mr Farley. I reject his evidence that Liam had frequently ridden motorcycles before the accident. There is no other evidence that Liam had ridden a motorcycle before.
Contrary to Mr Farley's evidence that gangs of boys regularly rode around the streets of the estate, the police were not aware of any particular problem with motorcycles in the area. There is evidence that people did ride off-road motorcycles at the accident location, although neither the police or the adults in the community seem to have been aware of this presenting a problem at the time. Signs prohibiting the riding of motorcycles had been put up at the park entrances. However, P.C. Doyle acknowledged that broken fences allowed access to the accident location at other points so that it might be possible to get there without passing a sign…
Darren Farley said that he had been riding motorcycles at that location since he was 9 years old. He was aged 28 when the accident happened. Ryan Edmonds had owned a motorcycle for about 3 months. He rode it on the Mad Mile once or twice a week. When asked in his police interview why it was known as the Mad Mile he initially said, "Because there's a motorway next to it". It was then put to him that it was because bikes were ridden up and down it. He accepted that. I note that he appeared ready to accept everything put to him by the police in interview.
Andrew Carney also went there regularly, as did his brother Melvyn. Andrew told me that "loads of people" rode their bikes there but he had never seen Liam there before. He had never seen Liam riding or on the back of a motorbike before. While he was a somewhat diffident witness, he appeared to be doing his best to tell the truth. I did not get the impression he had set out to assist the claimant's case. Indeed, I noticed that he "fist-bumped" Mr Farley on the way out of court, suggesting an allegiance to him.
There is no other evidence before me that Liam had been to the Mad Mile or had ridden on motorcycles before the day of the accident. I accept, as did Liam's mother, that it is possible that he had done so but the evidence establishes no more than a possibility"
INFERENCES TO BE DRAWN FROM EVIDENCE
There is no evidence before me of deliberate or reckless thrill seeking or risk taking on the Mad Mile. There is no evidence that the path was used as a race track. Those who went there regularly all said that they just went there to ride their bikes up and down. Mr Edmonds, who was particularly frank with the police, told them that on previous occasions if he came across pedestrians on the footpath, he would stop and let them past. While it might be thought that the participants would seek to minimise their criminality, their accounts do fit with the other evidence. The police were not aware of a particular problem; there is no evidence of previous accidents; the adults from the community were aware of sometimes hearing bikes on the Mad Mile but did not appear to be particularly concerned about the activity there.
Mr Worthington QC suggests that the name "the Mad Mile" almost certainly came from the fact that bikes were or were likely to be ridden at speed along the path. I have put this consideration into the balance. However, the evidence, taken as a whole, does not establish more than that it was common for motorcycles to be ridden up and down the path in much the way that happened on the day in question.
I am satisfied that the claimant, like other youths in the area, would have known that people went to the Mad Mile to ride their off-road motorcycles. However, the evidence before me does not establish, on a balance of probabilities, that the claimant had been to the Mad Mile for that purpose before. Andrew Carney had never seen him there, although he went there often. In the end, Darren Farley agreed he had never seen the claimant on the Mad Mile before. He, too, was a regular attender.
The MIB invite me to find that it was improbable that Liam had never been to the Mad Mile or been on a bike before. They rely upon inferences to be drawn from the fact that Ryan Edmonds contacted him from the Mad Mile and that he accepted the invitation to go along. This, they suggest, implies he was in the habit of going to the Mad Mile or on bikes. They also rely upon the fact that no witness expressed surprise about Liam getting on a bike or said how unlucky he was to have been injured the first time he went on a bike. There is, in my judgment, no proper foundation for the inferences the MIB invite. There must be a first time for everything and the communication between Ryan Edmonds and Liam does not make it any more or less likely that Liam had been to the Mad Mile before. I accept that it is reasonable to infer that Liam had some interest in motorbikes and probably in riding on one from the fact that he was invited and went to the Mad Mile. However, that does not establish that he had done so before. The evidence I heard suggests that he had not, although this remains a possibility.
In their written closing submissions, Mr Worthington QC and Mr Rudd highlighted that the claimant chose not to call Lee Callery or Melvin Carney although both came to court. However, it was open to the MIB (or the other defendants) to call those witnesses. They were offered that opportunity and also chose not to call them. Bearing in mind, where the burden of proof lay on the live issues, I do not think this is a good point to take against the claimant.
In considering whether the claimant was party to a criminal joint enterprise so far as Mr Edmonds' dangerous driving is concerned, I recognise the need to draw proper and sensible inferences. In joint enterprise cases, it will be rare indeed for the MIB to be able to call any direct evidence of express encouragement or as to a passenger's intent…
On the evidence available in this case, I have not found that Liam must have known that the bike was likely to be ridden dangerously. On the available evidence, he was a newcomer to the Mad Mile and he had not been present very long before the accident occurred. He plainly intended to be carried on the motorcycle as it travelled along the path. However, there is simply no evidence from which I can infer that he intended the bike to be ridden dangerously.
There is no evidence that Liam knew that the motorcycle was in a dangerous condition. On the contrary, the evidence suggests he would not have known that. Therefore, even if that is relevant to Mr Edmonds' dangerous driving, it cannot be relevant in considering Liam's turpitude. The essence of the dangerous driving as it can be alleged against Liam is that this was a narrow path; the view was limited by foliage and by the layout through the bend and that there was potential for conflict if ridden at a speed that would not allow it to be stopped within the distance the rider could see to be clear.
The evidence does not establish that Liam in fact encouraged or that he intended to encourage Ryan Edmonds to ride in a way that would not allow him to stop in the distance he could see to be clear. Referring to paragraph 99 of Jogee, I find that there is no evidence that he intended to encourage Ryan Edmonds to drive dangerously with knowledge of the facts and circumstances necessary for it to be dangerous.
I have given careful consideration to the approach of the Court of Appeal in McCracken. However, by a fairly narrow margin, I find that this case is to be distinguished on its facts. The defendants have not established that Liam was party to a criminal joint enterprise with Ryan Edmonds to drive dangerously.
That finding is sufficient to determine that the defence of ex turpi causa cannot be relied upon by any of the defendants"
Tags: Civil evidence, proving things
← ADVOCACY: THE JUDGE'S VIEW SERIES 3: PART 2: MAXIMISING YOUR IMPACT AS AN ADVOCATE: REPUTATION IS ALL
JUDICIALLY REVIEWING THE COUNTY COURT: PROCEDURAL CONFUSION, UNPLEADED POINTS AND THE HIGH STANDARD TO BE MET WHEN ATTEMPTING TO JUDICIALLY REVIEW A COUNTY COURT DECISION →
© Gordon Exall, Civil Litigation Brief, 2013-2020. Unauthorised use and or duplication of the material contained on this blog without permission from this blog's author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Gordon Exall and Civil Litigation Brief with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
63 YEARS OLD AND STILL ROLLING OFF THE PRESSES – MUNKMAN (& EXALL) ON DAMAGES – THE WRITING PROCESS
GIVING EVIDENCE OF MATTERS THAT HAPPENED 17 YEARS EARLIER: AN EXAMPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE
LIMITATION: THE EXPIRY OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD AND THE USE OF SECTION 33 IN AN EXTREMELY SENSITIVE CASE
CIVIL PROCEDURE BACK TO BASICS 77: THE COURT MUST KNOW HOW MUCH AN EXPERT WILL COST: CPR 35.4(2)
APPLICATIONS FOR RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS: 10 KEY POINTS
63 YEARS OLD AND STILL ROLLING OFF THE PRESSES - MUNKMAN (& EXALL) ON DAMAGES - THE WRITING PROCESS
Fatal Accident Law
Personal injury: Liability and Damages
Munkman & Exall on Damages for Personal Injuries and Death 14th ed
The APIL Guide to Fatal Accidents 4th edition
Kings Chambers
Kings Chambers Costs & Litigation Funding
Kings Chambers Serious Injury
The Civil Procedure Rules
www.Bailii.org
Copyright © 2020 Civil Litigation Brief


Set of (2) Square Aluminum Cargo Trailer Fenders This is a pair of flat top Aluminum Trailer Fenders. THIS SHIPS IN CONTIGUOUS 48 STATES ONLY. Overall dimensions of 34"L x 17.25"H x 10"W Made out of .057 aluminum Fenders have a 1" round lip front and back Fits 14", 15" and 16" trailer tires Not Intended for use on Flat Bed Trailers.
Click the button below to add the Set of (2) Square Aluminum Cargo Trailer Fenders to your wish list.


text:
Meet The Researcher – Tania Cargo
by michelecrawshaw | Mar 24, 2021 | Media release, News, Newsletter, Our people, Resilient Teens | 0 comments
Tania Cargo co-leads A Better Start's Resilient Teens team, which is working with Māori and Pacific students, schools and communities to co-design and test a digital platform to offer young people and their families easier access to evidence-based help and advice to maintain good mental health.
Here she talks about her wish for this year, the best piece of advice her nana gave her, and why she'd like to meet Melinda Gates.
Can you tell us about your project, and why it's important?
Our project is called HABITs "Health Advances through Behavioural Intervention Technologies". It is about trying to provide teens/rangatahi and their whānau with ways to support psychological wellbeing/hauora hinengaro through the use of digital interventions (DI's). DI's have the advantage of being able to be accessed and used by teens 24/7. So when and where youth want or need to access support.
What stage is your research at?
We are excited to be implementing HABITs into 4 high schools. We have a HABITs ambassador at each school who helps staff and students to be able to use the tools. We can't wait to see how each school is able to benefit from HABITs and what the evidence says.
What makes you excited about this project?
That more young people will be able to get support, when they want and need it. We know that 75% of young people who want support aren't able to access it. So being able to have a DI as an option is really helpful.
What do you love about being involved with A Better Start?
I love the fact that we all want our tamariki, rangatahi and whānau to have the best possible start to life and to maintain and expect that hauora should and can be attainable for all. I love the other amazing researchers I work with throughout New Zealand and overseas and that we all have a similar desire to help make a difference. I also love the MBIE has allowed us to have a longer term approach to delivering impactful and relevant research.
2020 was a disruptive and difficult year for many. What is your wish for this year?
I wish for us, as Kiwis, to be able to embrace technology and see it as adding value to the way we support young people and their whānau.
The best piece of advice you've ever received?
My nana always said "he aha te mea nui… he tāngata, he tāngata, he tāngata". The most important thing in this world is people. She encouraged us to keep working on relationships and to keep your whānau together.
A great book you have read recently? Barack Obama's book A Promised Land. Incredibly inspirational.
The five people (alive or not) you would love to meet?
1. I met Dame Whina Cooper once, when I was a lot younger, so would love to chat to her again. 2. Rosa Parks – what she did was inspiring. 3. Barack Obama after having read his book. 4. Michael Jordan – to talk about his work that he is doing now. 5. Melinda Gates – I'm pretty sure she is the brains.
• Our Meet The Researcher series appears in our Newsletter each month. Learn more about them and their work, and keep up to date with major project announcements, research news, funding updates and more. Subscribe now
• Meet The Researcher – Professor Rachael Taylor


text:
Tag: Politics
The shakiness of our foundations.
7 April 2020 1 August 2021 Tyara Uiterloo3 Comments
Karl Marx wrote that 'the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle'. To many people the idea of class struggle seems archaic and belonging firmly to the 20th century. An equally 20th century idea is that of living through a deadly pandemic – a scenario that has for most of us only been conveyed through history books, and a scenario in which we have collectively been thrust by the once-in-a-century unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This current pandemic is exposing the problems within our current economic and social systems, and most importantly exposes the fragility of the human right to health. It turns out that the emperor is naked.
Inequalities in access to healthcare between Global North and Global South countries have, rightfully, long been the focus of conversation surrounding global health. Soon after the WHO declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), the Director General, Dr Tedros, pointed out that this virus could be most lethal and dangerous for countries with weaker health systems, largely (though not uniquely) corresponding to the Global South. Beyond 'developing' and conflict-heavy countries with weaker health systems, the current pandemic has exposed the health inequalities that exist within the Global North as well. In many Global North countries, in the years after the crashing down of the neoliberal order, austerity (to varying degrees) has been the go-to policy with public sector jobs being cut, and many people being thrust into unemployment and even poverty. This has had many consequences on health (both mental and physical) and has caused many of our countries to be woefully underprepared for something as catastrophic as a pandemic.
In recent weeks, governments have been calling on 'essential workers' and their skills. Many people across the world have been applauding their healthcare staff from their windows, balconies, living rooms and their palaces. We have, rightfully, been supporting 'essential workers', but what does that mean when essential workers have been devalued for years within our societies? When many of the people we have elected have been the ones to systematically cut funding for healthcare and the minimum wage is still not necessarily a living one. Many essential workers are in low-paying jobs, and additionally many essential jobs are traditionally feminised roles such as caring professions and domestic and service jobs. This exacerbates already exiting inequalities where they exist.
One of the most effective ways to slow the spread of infectious disease is through social – also called physical – distancing measures such as working from home, staying at home as much as possible, and avoiding close physical contact with other people not part of one's household. However, for many people, many of whom economically disadvantaged and/or marginalised, this is nearly impossible, increasing the burden of mortality for this group. For many these people working from home is impossible because of the nature of their jobs, staying at home would mean a loss of income and livelihood, and there is a lack of paid sick leave and no (affordable) available childcare.
But beyond income inequality and depletion of resources for many of our health services and the low-wage nature of many essential jobs,, there are other vulnerable groups who will be suffering from increased difficulty in accessing healthcare during the pandemic. An example of this are the homeless who will not have the opportunity to social distance in the same way those with a home do, and who will often not be able to access quality healthcare as easily. Another example of a vulnerable group who might experience more difficulty are prisoners. Prisons are often not adept at containing major infectious disease epidemics. Thirdly, immigrants and refugees who are currently living in dire conditions in camps and settlements, particularly as these people will likely live in crowded places with poor sanitation and more difficulty to access healthcare. Beyond the elderly and those with underlying conditions, there are so many other people who might be particularly at risk in this time. Many of whom have been neglected by society, but all of whom are particularly at risk of having their human rights abused.
This global pandemic has shown us that, even though health is a human right, it is only as viable and attainable as the strength of our health systems and our care for the most vulnerable in society are.
Health is a human right as recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The decade of systematic cuts to our health systems and the secondary effects of austerity of thousands of people working in precarity and dealing with failing living standards have caused us to be woefully unprepared for a catastrophic event like this. This global pandemic has shown us that, even though health is a human right, it is only as viable and attainable as the strength of our health systems and our care for the most vulnerable in society are. In a world where the rich are able to self-isolate in mansions or second homes, and get access to tests even when others can't, it seems difficult not to imagine there might be an aspect of class strife involved. It seems clear that we won't be able to return to normal after the pandemic is over. The shaky foundations our systems are built on are not likely to survive in tact after this. It is then up to us to decide what's next and to prepare for the next pandemic – which will come – in more comprehensive ways such as defending the right to healthcare, increasing its access, funding our health systems, implementing fairer labour policies, and redistributing wealth. We must applaud our essential workers, but we must also not forget them when this pandemic is over and they ask for more than just verbal appreciation. We, after all, are only as strong as the weakest link and at the moment the tower is crumbling.
Tagged capitalism, Covid-19, Human rights, Opinion, Policy, Politics, public health, WHO


text:
class TForm1 : public TForm
{
__published:	// IDE-managed Components
        TAbZipView *AbZipView1;
        TPanel *Panel1;
        TPanel *Panel2;
        TAbMeter *AbMeter1;
        TLabel *Label1;
        TLabel *Label2;
        TAbMeter *AbMeter2;
        TOpenDialog *OpenDialog1;
        TFontDialog *FontDialog1;
        TMainMenu *MainMenu1;
        TMenuItem *File1;
        TMenuItem *Open1;
        TMenuItem *Save1;
        TMenuItem *Close1;
        TMenuItem *N1;
        TMenuItem *Print1;
        TMenuItem *Exit1;
        TMenuItem *Action1;
        TMenuItem *Add1;
        TMenuItem *Delete1;
        TMenuItem *Extract1;
        TMenuItem *Freshen1;
        TMenuItem *Moveselecteditem1;
        TMenuItem *Testselecteditems1;
        TMenuItem *ZipView1;
        TMenuItem *Attributes1;
        TMenuItem *Itemname1;
        TMenuItem *Packed1;
        TMenuItem *Method1;
        TMenuItem *Ratio1;
        TMenuItem *CRC1;
        TMenuItem *Fileattributes1;
        TMenuItem *Filetype1;
        TMenuItem *Encryption1;
        TMenuItem *Timestamp1;
        TMenuItem *Filesize1;
        TMenuItem *Versionmade1;
        TMenuItem *Versionneeded1;
        TMenuItem *Path1;
        TMenuItem *Display1;
        TMenuItem *Alternatecolors1;
        TMenuItem *Columnlines1;
        TMenuItem *Columnmoving1;
        TMenuItem *Columnresizing1;
        TMenuItem *MultiSelect1;
        TMenuItem *Rowlines1;
        TMenuItem *ShowIcons1;
        TMenuItem *Thumbtracking1;
        TMenuItem *Trackactiverow1;
        TMenuItem *Font1;
        TMenuItem *Rows1;
        TMenuItem *Rowheight1;
        TMenuItem *Headerheight1;
        TMenuItem *Sort1;
        TMenuItem *Itemname2;
        TMenuItem *Packed2;
        TMenuItem *Ratio2;
        TMenuItem *Timestamp2;
        TMenuItem *Filesize2;
        TMenuItem *ZipKit1;
        TMenuItem *Compress1;
        TMenuItem *Stored1;
        TMenuItem *Deflated1;
        TMenuItem *Best1;
        TMenuItem *Deflation1;
        TMenuItem *Normal1;
        TMenuItem *Maximum1;
        TMenuItem *Fast1;
        TMenuItem *SuperFast1;
        TMenuItem *N2;
        TMenuItem *CreateDirs1;
        TMenuItem *RestorePath1;
        TMenuItem *Store1;
        TMenuItem *StripPath1;
        TMenuItem *RemoveDots1;
        TMenuItem *Recurse1;
        TMenuItem *Freshen2;
        TMenuItem *Replace1;
        TMenuItem *Logging1;
        TMenuItem *Select1;
        TMenuItem *SelectAll1;
        TMenuItem *ClearSelections1;
        TMenuItem *Colors1;
        TMenuItem *AlternateColor1;
        TMenuItem *AlternateTextColor1;
        TMenuItem *DeletedColor1;
        TMenuItem *DeletedTextColor1;
        TMenuItem *Selectedcolor;
        TMenuItem *Selectedtextcolor;
        TColorDialog *ColorDialog1;
        TAbZipKit *AbZipKit1;
        TPopupMenu *PopupMenu1;
        TMenuItem *Delete2;
        TMenuItem *Extract2;
        TMenuItem *Freshen3;
        TMenuItem *Move1;
        TMenuItem *Test1;
   TAbVCLMeterLink *AbVCLMeterLink1;
   TAbVCLMeterLink *AbVCLMeterLink2;
        void __fastcall AttributeClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall DisplayClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall MethodClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall DeflationClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall ExtractOptionClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall StoreOptionClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall AbZipView1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Open1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Close1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall SelectAll1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall ClearSelections1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Font1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Exit1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall DeletedColor1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall DeletedTextColor1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall SelectedcolorClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall SelectedtextcolorClick(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Rowheight1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Headerheight1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Add1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Delete1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Extract1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Freshen1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Testselecteditems1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall AbZipKit1ConfirmProcessItem(TObject *Sender,
          TAbArchiveItem *Item, TAbProcessType ProcessType, bool &Confirm);
        void __fastcall AbZipView1Change(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall AlternateColor1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall AlternateTextColor1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Moveselecteditem1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall AbZipKit1Save(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Save1Click(TObject *Sender);
        void __fastcall Logging1Click(TObject *Sender);

        void __fastcall SortAttributeClick(TObject *Sender);
private:	// User declarations
public:		// User declarations
        __fastcall TForm1(TComponent* Owner);
};
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern PACKAGE TForm1 *Form1;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub