text:
Q: How to change colors of the tracking points and connector lines on the output video using Mediapipe Pose? I am referring to 33 body points and connector lines between them. I'd like to change the colors of those, especially of the white default color of the connector lines.
Here's my code, I have created a class module for mediapipe which I can import and use in my other programs
import cv2
import mediapipe as mp

class poseDetector():

    def __init__(self, mode=False, complex=1, smooth_landmarks=True, segmentation=True, smooth_segmentation=True,
                 detectionCon=0.5, trackCon=0.5):

        self.mode = mode
        self.complex = complex
        self.smooth_landmarks = smooth_landmarks
        self.segmentation = segmentation
        self.smooth_segmentation = smooth_segmentation
        self.detectionCon = detectionCon
        self.trackCon = trackCon

        self.mpDraw = mp.solutions.drawing_utils
        self.mpDrawStyle = mp.solutions.drawing_styles
        self.mpPose = mp.solutions.pose
        self.pose = self.mpPose.Pose(self.mode, self.complex, self.smooth_landmarks, self.segmentation,
                                     self.smooth_segmentation, self.detectionCon, self.trackCon)

    def findPose(self, img, draw=True):
        imgRGB = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        self.results = self.pose.process(imgRGB)
        if self.results.pose_landmarks:
            if draw:
                self.mpDraw.draw_landmarks(img, self.results.pose_landmarks,
                                           self.mpPose.POSE_CONNECTIONS)
        return img

def main():
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture("..//assets//videos//v4.mp4")
    detector = poseDetector()
    while True:
        success, img = cap.read()
        img = detector.findPose(img)

        cv2.imshow("Image", img)
        cv2.waitKey(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

A: So as per the documentation, this is the code for draw_landmarks
mp_drawing.draw_landmarks(
image: numpy.ndarray,
landmark_list: mediapipe.framework.formats.landmark_pb2.NormalizedLandmarkList,
connections: Optional[List[Tuple[int, int]]] = None,
landmark_drawing_spec: mediapipe.python.solutions.drawing_utils.DrawingSpec = DrawingSpec(color=(0, 0, 255), thickness=2, circle_radius=2),
connection_drawing_spec: mediapipe.python.solutions.drawing_utils.DrawingSpec = DrawingSpec(color=(0, 255, 0), thickness=2, circle_radius=2),
)

So in your findPose function you need to update only one line of code
def findPose(self, img, draw=True):
    imgRGB = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    self.results = self.pose.process(imgRGB)
    if self.results.pose_landmarks:
        if draw:
            self.mpDraw.draw_landmarks(img, self.results.pose_landmarks,
                                       self.mpPose.POSE_CONNECTIONS,
            self.mpDraw.DrawingSpec(color=(245,117,66), thickness=2, circle_radius=2),
            self.mpDraw.DrawingSpec(color=(245,66,230), thickness=2, circle_radius=2))
    return img

The first self.mpDraw.DrawingSpec argument corresponds to the points of the landmark. The second self.mpDraw.DrawingSpec argument corresponds to the COnnection between those landmarks points.
The color is in (B, G, R) format


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text:
Bruce Braley
stated on September 16, 2009 in a speech on the House floor:
"Recent census data shows that the average American family spends over $13,000 a year for health care coverage."
By Louis Jacobson September 22, 2009
Iowa Democrat says families spend $13,000 a year for health coverage
One of the biggest skirmishes in the health care debate has been over how much ordinary Americans pay for coverage — either under the current system, as Democrats like to point out, or under the new Democratic proposals, as Republicans regularly emphasize. In a Sept. 16, 2009, speech on the House floor, Democratic Rep. Bruce Braley of Iowa argued in favor of the House health care bill, H.R. 3200, by asserting that the status quo is financially unsustainable.
"Recent census data shows that the average American family spends over $13,000 a year for health care coverage," Braley said. "And if we don't change what we are doing right now, in 10 years the average American family will be spending over $25,000 a year on health care coverage. That's why the time to act is now, and H.R. 3200 does that by expanding access to quality, affordable coverage and bringing true health care reform to the American people."
For this item, we'll focus on the assertion that the average American family spends over $13,000 a year for health care coverage. We called Braley's office, and staffers acknowledged that Braley misspoke when he said the numbers come from the Census Bureau. In fact, the numbers come from a study released the day before Braley spoke — a survey of employer-provided health care undertaken annually by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Health Research & Educational Trust, an affiliate of the American Hospital Association.
The Kaiser/HRET study found that the average annual premium for family coverage under an employer-based plan is $13,375. To come up with that figure, the study used data from 3,188 randomly selected employers with three or more employees.
But there's a problem: It's not accurate to say, as Braley does, that "the average American family spends over $13,000 a year for health care coverage." It's true that Kaiser/HRET found the total cost of health care premiums for a family to be $13,375 — but that is not the amount the average family pays out of its own pocket.
This is not a trivial distinction. For employer-based health care, which was the only kind Kaiser/HRET studied, the employer pays nearly three-quarters of the freight — $9,860 to be exact, compared with $3,515 for the employee.
Now, there are legitimate concerns about health care costing $13,375 per family per year. It's a substantial economic burden for companies to pay so much for their workers' health care, and doing so probably holds down employee wages and economic growth.
But Braley didn't say that the high premiums are an economic burden on the economy or on companies. He specifically said that $13,000 is what "the average American family spends." And that's not correct.
The Kaiser/HRET estimate of the family share being $3,515 is in the same ballpark as others. The Consumer Expenditure Survey, produced by the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics, found that household health care expenditures — which go beyond just health insurance premiums — were $2,853 in 2007, the last year for which data are available. (Only Americans with employer-sponsored health care are included in the Kaiser/HRET survey, which accounts for much of the difference between the two surveys.)
A third study, brought to our attention by Braley's staff, was by Milliman Inc., a health care and benefits consulting firm. A study of 2009 health care costs found that the average cost for a family of four is $16,771. The number is a bit higher than Kaiser/HRT's because it also includes family out-of-pocket costs rather than just the cost of insurance premiums.
Calculating it this way does increase the size of the employee share of all health care costs. According to the Milliman study, employees paid $4,004 for health premiums and $2,820 out of pocket, for a total of $6,824. (The employer contribution was $9,947.) So, Milliman has employers paying a larger dollar amount than what Kaiser found, but the family portion is still well short of the $13,000 Braley cited.
As was the case in a number of other recent PolitiFact items we deemed False (including this one and this one ), Braley would have been correct if he'd simply tweaked what he said. If he'd cited data showing that "the annual health care premiums for the average American family are greater than $13,000," he would have been right.
But by adding confusion to the debate, Braley has muddied some already murky waters. In a Sept. 20, 2009, column prompted by the Kaiser/HRET study, Ezra Klein of the Washington Post summarized why misconceptions about the cost of health care matter.
"Imagine if people who touched a hot stove felt only a small fraction of the pain from the burn," Klein wrote. "That's pretty much what's happening in our health care system. It hurts enough that we would prefer it to stop, but the urgency is lost. That's the dilemma for Washington wonks trying to fix this mess: They look at the numbers and see health care costs crushing our economy, overwhelming our government, swallowing our wages. But the public isn't feeling it. Virtually no one cuts a $13,375 check for health care. Most pay 27 percent of it, or even less."
Jeff Giertz, the communications director for Braley, acknowledged PolitiFact's interpretation of the data, but added, "Regardless of how you measure it, the costs are high and getting higher — there's certainly no disputing that."
Still, even inadvertently glossing over the meaning of these numbers gives the false impression that American families are paying approximately four times as much as they actually are for health care. We rate Braley's statement False.
Bruce Braley, House floor speech , Sept. 16, 2009
Kaiser Family Foundation/Health Research & Educational Trust, " 2009 Kaiser/HRET Employer Health Benefits Survey ," Sept. 15, 2009
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Consumer Expenditures in 2007" news release , Nov. 25, 2008
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, " Consumer Expenditures in 2007 ," April 2009
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States ( Table 674. Money Income of Families—Median Income by Race and Hispanic Origin in Current and Constant [2006] Dollars: 1990 to 2006), 2009 edition
Milliman Inc., 2009 Milliman Medical Index , May 2009
Ezra Klein, " You Have No Idea What Health Costs; If You Did, You Might Just Want Real Reform ," Washington Post, Sept. 20, 2009
E-mail interview with Chris Lee, spokesman for Kaiser Family Foundation, Sept. 22, 2009
Interview with Jeff Giertz, spokesman for Rep. Bruce Braley, Sept. 22, 2009

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I started earning money to write and edit when I was still in college. Different professors showed my work to their colleagues who were looking for writers, and each hired me. I tell you this to demonstrate how long (and I mean l…o…n…g) I've been working in the field.
When I worked those jobs, the clients "edited" my work. I use quotes because neither of my clients was a writer or professional editor, but each of them had final say on the wording. That work wasn't too bad, all things considered. But not everyone can edit, and these bosses—though competent in their respective fields—were not editors in the proper sense of the word.
After I got my master's degree and started working in the private sector, my bosses were always trained editors. And the work I did for those companies was solid.
I've got a pretty decent body of published work, and this year it's poised to grow considerably. (To view my complete catalogue or keep up with my releases, visit my site.) I'm a hybrid author (I'm both traditionally-published and self-published). It probably goes without saying that I have an editor for my work with the traditional houses. It might interest you to know that even though I'm a professional editor, I still have someone else edit my indie titles. Yes, editing is that important in the publishing process. And no, you should not be your own editor.
This service is best for novice authors who do not understand the foundations of writing fiction (things like premise, theme, and structure).
This is a type of edit that benefits novice and intermediate-level authors. It is helpful for authors who have structure under control but struggle with mechanics.
This type of edit is beneficial for writers of all levels, novice through professional. While experienced writers are probably aware of these pitfalls, even they will find it difficult to pinpoint such problems in their own work. We become blind to our words because we know what we want them to be, and consequently, we don't see what they actually are.
I joined Story Empire because I enjoy working with authors. That's the same reason I love working as an editor. I like to help writers expand their knowledge and polish their work. Besides, I learn something from every person I work with. I've also developed many friendships along the way and received some truly heartwarming feedback.
These excerpts from published reviews (see the full reviews plus more of my credentials here) mean a lot to me, because they tell me I'm not only doing what I set out to do professionally, I'm also making other people happy. And at the end of the day, I can consider my career and my life a success if I leave this world a better place (in any manner) than how I found it.
If you are interested in my editing services, you can find more information here. If you like what you see, fill out the contact form and we can talk about your project.
Because I'm also an indie author, I understand the budget-crunch writers face, and as such, I keep my prices well below industry standard. I also offer a fast turnaround time (usually under two weeks) and will consider rush jobs.
I want all authors to shine, which is why I try to be accommodating and flexible. If you have special needs, please feel free to discuss them with me.
Great post. Every author needs editing and finding someone you can trust is difficult.
It's also hard to find some services. That's why I've asked some folks to step forward. Thanks, Michele.
I can testify for your skills, Staci!
You always take my words and make them a world better, with the added challenge that English is not my mother language.
And I'm always amazed at how fast you are!
Thanks for supporting Staci. I've found her efforts so helpful to me too.
Thank you, Irene. That means a lot to me.
Staci, a great guest post and clearly explaining the various forms of edits. Congratulations on the terrific reviews and I am bookmarking this and might well come to you with my novel in a while.
Thanks for weighing in today, Annika.
I really appreciate that, Annika. Thank you.
Thank you, Charles. She sure helped me out a couple of times.
I'm another one who can testify to your skills. You certainly know your stuff and the fiction writing business.
Thanks for that statement, Joan.
Many thanks, Joan. Kind of you to say.
Add me to Staci's list of clients – she just edited my new book and did a fantastic job!
Hear, hear. Staci is wonderful.
Thank you, Teri. I'm glad to know you were pleased with my services.
Craig, I'd like to thank you for hosting me today. I'd also like to extend my heartfelt appreciation for all the kind words you said about me in reply to everyone's comments. It means a lot to me.
I've learned a bunch from you, and my stories are better because of it.
I'm really pleased to hear that. Thanks.
Staci is a class act. There's no question she knows her stuff. Although I have an editor through my publisher, should I ever publish another indie novel, she'll be the editor I call on. Editing is so important for a finished work and every indie author should be sure they take that final step. Staci and I are critique partners, and even at the crit stage I am amazed at the things she catches in my work. Fabulous post today, you two!
You speak the truth, and thanks for saying so.
This is a wonderful post. Staci, I did not know you provided editing services. I am smack in the middle of going back to my very first book and trying to edit it. I have learned so much since then and I want the book to be the best it can be. I truly wish I could afford to hire you today to help me with this process. I've never claimed to be an editor and it is tedious for me. Thank you, Craig, for letting us know about Staci and her abilities.
She's awesome. I admit to twisting her arm a bit, but skills like this ought to be more widely known.
A bit? I think you wrenched it out of socket!
Jan, editing is tedious for everyone. Don't despair. If you have questions, want to run a passage by me, whatever… Just shoot me an email. If I can help you, I'm happy to do so.
Staci, that is such a generous offer. Thank you so much!
We're all in this together, right? I'm always glad to help another writer if I can.
This is handy. I didn't know Staci did editing, I'll keep her name in mind for future projects, thanks!
Thanks, Craig and Staci. Always good to know about available help.
Awesome share, Staci and Craig.
She is sooo helpful too. Glad I could bring her to your attention.
Editing yourself is the way to madness and a bad piece of work!
Madness, indeed. That's the perfect description. Thanks, Jan.


Sunrise at Urunga was amazing yesterday…. and perfect weather for photography!
This is only part of a 36 image stitch that completes a full 360 degree view of yet another spectacular sunrise here on the Coffs Coast.
We live in such a beautiful country, we are so lucky, you have captured it perfectly.
Beautiful pano. I love the colors in the sky and the texture in the sand.


text:
Crisis worker tells homeless Kiwi widow 'go home'
Widowed at 42, with three children to support, a Kiwi is homeless, jobless but not looking for a handout, just a hand up.
by Emily Toxward
22nd Aug 2020 6:57 AM
DESPITE being homeless, jobless and without access to any government support, New Zealand citizen and widow Francis* is not looking for a handout.
"All I want is a hand up and an opportunity to restructure and rebuild my life for me and my family," said the Gold Coast mother-of-three in her 40s.
"I've sold all my worldly possessions in order to survive, given away my beloved animals who have been part of my family and I am desperate to get a job so I can pay my bills and get into a property, just so we have somewhere that we can call home again," she said.
PART ONE: GOLD COAST KIWI CAMPAIGNER EXPLOITS POLITICAL LOOPHOLE IN LAST-DITCH ATTEMPT FOR RECIPROCITY
She's applied for help from Centrelink and sought help from crisis centres and women's refuges only to be told she's not eligible for any support because she's on a New Zealand passport.
"I also called many charity lines for assistance with no prevail and I was treated like a third-grade citizen and was told perhaps I should go back to New Zealand," she said.
"And I'm like, 'really?' This has been my home for more than 10 years, I've worked, paid taxes, been a good citizen, worked for some of Australia's top companies and done everything by the book.
"My three sons live here, all of our friends and family live here and I love Australia and the people here so much. This is my home."
To be eligible for any financial support she has to be a permanent resident, something that's financially out of reach at the moment.
KIWIS TOLD TOO BAD SO SAD BY AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT
Nerang Neighbhourhood Centre co-ordinator Vicky Rose is trying to do all she can to help Francis despite the fact she's not eligible for any financial support from the Australian Government. Picture: Tertius Pickard
She's surviving by using the little money she has to pay for holiday accommodation because real estate agents told her not to bother applying for a rental without a job.
Despite being stuck in a vicious cycle of poverty, completely foreign to her, she is determined to crawl out of the hole she's stuck in.
"Never in my life would I ever dreamt I would be a widow, jobless and wondering how I would pay for my next meal or provide a roof over my children's heads," she said.
Growing up in Auckland with a professional government job, she and her husband moved to Melbourne in 2008 before moving to the Gold Coast in 2016.
Her husband stayed in Victoria due to work commitments and they lived apart for 18 months before he joined her in 2017. Cruelly, after only being reunited for a short period of time, her life took a tragic turn.
SISTERS HELP STRUGGLING KIWIS STRUGGLING DURING COVID-19
Sisters Marama Gray and Awhi Gray are helping Kiwis on the Gold Coast who are struggling financially because of the global pandemic. Picture: Jerad Williams
"One week after returning from a family holiday, the man who I fell in love with when I was 18, my soulmate had tragically became ill and died. I thought at the time, 'I'm a widow at 44, this isn't the way my life was supposed to be'."
Life spiralled downhill rapidly but she continued to work until the COVID-19 virus impacted her life, as it did for thousands of her fellow Gold Coasters.
"Providing a roof over me and my family's heads, putting food on the table and not being on the streets is one of my biggest concerns."
Sadly, Francis's story is all too common. Another New Zealand citizen contacted the Bulletin admitting she had lost her job due to COVID-19 and she and her husband were living on the breadline. With no access to financial support because they're ineligible to become permanent residents, they have to accept charity.
AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TELL KIWIS TO "GO HOME"
Acting Minister for Immigration Alan Tudge has in the past told New Zealanders who couldn't get financial support in Australia during COVID pandemic to "go home". Picture: NCA NewsWire / Martin Ollman
"We moved here for a better life for our children and we can't just go home. And how would we pay for our quarantine in New Zealand, where would we go after that? What about all our stuff here?
"Because we're Kiwis we don't qualify for anything, but we're lucky compared to people who have children born with brain damage, they're entitled to nothing, yet they pay the disability levy."
She said half of her extended family was eligible for citizenship and they were going down that path.
"If we could become Australian citizens we would, but it's almost impossible for so many of us to get permanent residency. We don't want to go back to New Zealand, this is where we've made our home, we love it here."
* Name has been changed to protect her identity.
■ Unique store set to fill major gap
■ Popular Japanese eateries collapse owing $500k
■ Coast business 'left for dead' by PM
There is no direct pathway to Australian citizenship for New Zealand citizens, first they must apply for permanent residency, which half of Queensland's 650,000 aren't eligible for.
SENIOR REPORTER EMILY TOXWARD WRITES …
"WHY I'M NOT ELIGIBLE TO BECOME A PERMANENT RESIDENT"
MY Kiwi blood is boiling. Why?
I just read Facebook comments on an article I wrote in March about New Zealanders struggling to stay afloat during COVID-19 because they aren't entitled to any government support.
Here's a sample …
"Kiwis always wanting free handouts."
"Is it true that all kiwi males have had romantic liaisons with sheep by the age of 14?"
"Go back to your own country to get money."
"Become a permanent resident or citizen and you can get all the benefits … simple really."
NEWSFLASH: Unlike other immigrants there is no direct pathway to citizenship for some 647,000 New Zealanders living in Australia.
We want legislation to change so hardworking New Zealanders who love Australia and have made it their beloved home have the same access to citizenship as everyone else.
For hundreds of thousands of us who arrived after 2001 we must first be permanent residents. But to do this we must meet a myriad of conditions, including earning at least $53,900 for four consecutive years.
Gold Coast Bulletin senior reporter Emily Toxward. Picture: Jerad Williams
This rules me out because even though I arrived in 2004, have Aussie-born kids, built a house and have lined the pockets of State and Federal Governments through taxes, I only earned about $45,000 a year because I was self-employed for 10 years.
It feels like I'm being punished for choosing to stay home to raise three children while making an income.
I don't think my wage was anything to sneeze at, and neither is $52,000 a year, but it's not enough to prove to Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton that I'm making a valuable contribution to society.
As a non-citizen I can't vote, can't access any benefits if I'm made redundant and I will be sent to an immigration detention centre if I'm involved in a car accident and found guilty of manslaughter. All because I can't become a citizen of a country I love. A country that belongs to First Nations people but is populated with a melting pot of cultures from across the globe.
TRAPPED KIWIS UNABLE TO ACCESS SUPPORT DESPITE PAYING TAXES HERE
Emily's children were born in Australia, she has lived in the country since 2004 and she calls the Gold Coast home. But she's not entitled to become a permanent resident so therefore can't become a citizen of Australia.
WHEN WILL FLIGHTS BETWEEN NZ AND AUSTRALIA RESUME
But I'm one of the privileged ones, I have a full-time job, good health and a stable relationship. This is not the case for thousands of the 50,000 fellow Kiwis on the Gold Coast.
It should be them telling you their stories but they won't (I've asked dozens) because they fear negative abuse, they know they'll get told to "go home" or "stop bludging".
Fact is, we are NOT dole bludgers, we are hardworking members of society. We volunteer alongside you at the tuckshop, our husbands coach your son's footy team, our kids flip burgers alongside yours and we stack supermarket shelves at midnight. But we're treated like second-class citizens.
I wonder if savvy politicians realise there's potentially more than half a million Queensland votes up for grabs by giving Kiwis a fair go.
Or do they fear constituents will snub them if they're seen to be giving money to Kiwis?
Originally published as Crisis worker tells homeless Kiwi widow 'go home'
Popular travel agency collapses
Premium Content Victorians abandon COVID-ravaged state for Gold Coast
Premium Content How her own home changed her world
coronavirus immigration new zealand


text:
EBOLA AND THE CULTURE OF LAWLESSNESS
Thomas Vandi Gbow
Friday, February 27, 2015 - 06:04
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of National Ebola Response Centre (NERC) has informed journalists at the usual Wednesday news conference held in Freetown that the number of cases over the past couple of days has risen with the country recording double digit numbers of 16, 15 and 14 for three consecutive days this week and 12 new cases on Tuesday after the country reached the lowest case numbers of 2, 4 and 5 in preceding week. Major (Rtd.) Alfred Paolo Conteh stated that when the lowest case numbers were registered, they warned against complacency and stated clearly that the public must anticipate spikes in cases as Sierra Leoneans strive to get to zero. The CEO asserted that "these numbers are rising because people continue to flout the laws with impunity."
This culture of lawlessness will militate against the fight to eliminate the deadly epidemic from Sierra Leone if stringent measures are not taken against lawless people who continue to flout the Health Emergency Regulations and bye-laws put in place to stem the spread of the virus. Despite the President and NERC have warned for the umpteenth time against complacency to defeat the deadly pandemic with vigilance and robustness, many have failed to hearken to their warnings because of lawlessness and disrespect for state authorities.
According to Major (Rtd.) Alfred Paolo Conteh, "We have started seeing an increase in unsafe burial activities around the Western Area particularly and in other districts across the country. Funeral houses I am made to understand have also started operations across the country on the excuse that families are issued certificates from medical facilities that allow them to embark on unsafe burials." Why this should happen when the safe medical and dignified burial policy put in place by Government still stands? I believe people are flouting the laws with apparent impunity because the Government has relaxed in enforcing the laws with robustness. When the number of cases was very alarming, for instance, President Ernest Bai Koroma in his social mobilization castigated traditional leaders, council authorities other stakeholders for handling the Ebola fight with hypocrisy. In the Northern Region, the President gave the stakeholders twenty-one days ultimatum to contain the Ebola outbreak in their respective communities or face suspension from office. That ultimatum seemed to have helped in reducing number of cases in many parts of the region except Port Loko District where the number of new cases became more alarming in the last two months than any other district in the North. The President did not make an ordinary threat; he had the temerity to suspend his own biological uncle who is a Section Chief for flouting the Ebola bye-laws. His decision was a clear message to other stakeholders in the Ebola fight that nobody would break the law and go scot-free, and the public was very impressed with the President's decision.
But no sooner the country reached the lowest case numbers, most people started treating the Ebola fight with levity while the mischievous ones were arguing that there was no more Ebola. The situation was even exacerbated by the pronouncement of the President lifting some restrictions contained in the State of Public Health Emergency. Most of the restrictions were meant to avoid body contact since the virus is contagious. An the restriction on private commercial vehicles in particular being lifted to allow them carry passengers or commuters normal capacity has given drivers the liberty once again to cram passengers or commuters at whim thereby exposing them to body contacts.
If Government is serious about enforcing the Ebola laws, medical facilities should not be issuing certificates to families on flimsy grounds to allow them embark on unsafe burials. This authority is within the purview of NERC but people are flouting the laws with impunity because the Government seemed to have relaxed on their enforcement. It is only now that the NERC Chief is sending strong warning to all District Medical Officers, District Ebola Response Coordinators, heads of hospitals, health facilities and municipalities to desist from issuing certificates that will permit people to embark on unsafe burials. This stern warning should have come earlier to avoid what is currently happening across the country that is responsible for the rise in cases after the country had reached the lowest case numbers two weeks ago. These authorities the NERC CEO is now sending the strong message to deliberately use their profession and offices to flout the laws in order to make more money in addition to what they have already gained from the Ebola fight because Government is not bothered about monitoring their daily activities in those medical facilities. These medics know the dangers of unsafe burial activities but I believe that quite apart from issuing burial certificates to people in order to make money, some are likely caused by authorities from above.
Unsafe burials have become rampant in the Western Area and beyond because medical facilities are now handing over dead bodies to their families with certificates for burial. And with certificates accompanying dead bodies, you wouldn't expect the funeral parlours to be out of operations. Nobody would blame them but the medics issuing the burial certificates to deceased families and this could not only undermine the Ebola fight but would also prolong it.
Apart from the issuing of certificates from medical facilities, I am told that lawless people in the Western Area and beyond are engaged in unsafe burials by stealth while others abandon corpses in cemeteries whose causes of death are questionable. About a month ago, for example, a corpse was discovered at the Wellington Community Cemetery at Palmer Street. And barely three days ago, someone alleged to have seen a group of people conveying a corpse to the same cemetery at about 4:00am or thereabout. If true, how could that have happened without the consent of the cemetery workers?
By and large, the culture of lawlessness imbibed in most Sierra Leoneans could hardly stop the practice of unsafe burials across the country either by stealth or issuing of certificates unless the Government starts taking punitive measures against offenders. And I only hope that the strong warning Paolo Conteh has sent out to all authorities involved in the issuing of certificates to families for unsafe burial activities could not be mere threat. The same warning should also be directed to people involved in unsafe burial practices by stealth.
Police Crack Down on Lawlessness
LAWLESSNESS OR MAMMY CURSE?


"Move to the beat," commands D Double E on the shoulder-rolling classic produced by Footsie—who, on January 12, will release said track along with two other off-kilter grime cuts solely on vinyl: "Scars", complete with double-tongue lashings from Newham Generals and Wiley, and "Prangman Remix", featuring the urgent flows of Footsie himself. Butterz is the label bringing this treasure-of-a-set to the world, and it can be pre-ordered right now. You can also try before you buy—preview all three tracks in the stream down below.


text:
The Division Patch 1.4 Comes Out Tomorrow, Includes Tons Of Changes
Abdullah Raza
Back in September, Ubisoft announced that they are working on a new patch for their third-person shooter game, The Division. The Division patch 1.4 will be the biggest patch players have ever seen for the game, however, they did not reveal the release date for the upcoming patch.
After a month of silence regarding the patch, Ubisoft has finally revealed the release date for the highly anticipated update. The Division Patch 1.4 will be coming out tomorrow, on October 25th. The patch will be making tons of changes , as well as adding some new things as well.
Ubisoft has dedicated a lot of time to this patch, and even delayed their DLC called 'Survival', in order to work on this patch. Ubisoft aimed to fix the core game, before releasing any additional content for it.
Patch 1.14 has already been tested by The Division players on the PC. PC players tested the Beta in the public test servers, and have approved of all the changes the patch introduced. Prior to the patch's release, The Division servers will be going offline for scheduled maintenance for all three platforms that the game is available on. The servers will be going offline at 9:30am – 12:30pm CEST, 8:30am – 11:30am BST, 12:30am – 3:30am PST, 3:30am – 6:30am EST.
Underground DLC available for The Division on Xbox One
For a complete list of all the changes coming to The Division in patch 1.4, click here. Players will be able to download The Division patch 1.4 on October 25th, after the servers go down for scheduled maintenance.
PC PS4 The Division Ubisoft Xbox One
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Wargroove on PS4 enters Sony's Certification process, release date to be announced shortly


Merletto Vase combines the traditional craftsmanship of Burano, famous for its lace, with the distinct glass blowing technique of Murano.
The concept follows on from the same creative and desire for design disorder that inspired the Stumble Upon range, where creases and fold are accentuated to make the object functional in another way. In this case, rather than a carpet, the object of focus is a table runner.
The table runner is an object that is intended to lie flat, yet in the act of using the objects that lie above it, is constantly disturbed and crumpled. Merletto vase captures this moment of disturbance and amplifies it, creating folds along its length. These imperfections are magnified until he creases are lag enough to display fruit or aperitif snacks. These creases are accentuated to the point that they create sealed tubes capable of holding water, allowing Merletto to serve as a vase when stood vertically.
Formed from glass, Merletto vase moves from transparent at its edges through to opaque at its centre. This change in colour and transparency, coupled with the folds in the objects form, distorts and filters the view through the vase in a way similar to that of looking through increasing layers of draped fabrics.
The concept follows on from the same creative and desire for design disorder that inspired the Stumble Upon range, where creases and fold are accentuated to make the object functional in another way.


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Forklift Fork Extensions - Lift Truck extensions are a terrific option whenever there is a need to reach further than your existing forks would allow. In several cases whenever you have a load that exceeds more than could be safely picked up on your lift truck, an extension could help you execute your job safely.
Forklift extensions provide the extra capacity and support required whenever lifting long pallets, containers or very heavy loads. What's more, the extensions add more length to the forks which enables the operator to reach increased distances. Utilizing forklift extensions saves a company the requirement to purchase separate equipment so as to do the task. This could save possibly thousands of dollars while adding more productivity and efficiency choices utilizing the machine you already have.
A lot of the fork extensions would simply slip overtop of the lift truck blades. Extensions could be obtained in order to fit blades with widths from four to six inches. It is very vital that you measure the extensions to be sure of a correct fit. Knowing that extensions have an inside width that is half an inch wider as opposed to the size stated is vital to making sure the exact fit. Whenever acquiring your extension size, be sure it is equal to your fork's width. For instance, if you have forks which are six inches wide, you would utilize an extension which is six inches wide.
OSHA standards for safety have a regulation length for blade extensions. Based on this particular regulation, fork extensions cannot be longer than 50 percent of the actual fork length. Abiding by these rules would help to maintain a safe operation. A yellow powder coat finish is added to the steel forklift extensions so as to prevent rust. The two most popular dimensions for forklift extensions in the industry are 60" and 72", even if, other lengths are obtainable.
Securing mechanisms are accessible in two options. The first option secures the extensions onto the forklift with one pull pin. This is the rapid release method. The next and safer alternative is the safety loop which is welded on and provides a more dependable attachment of the extension. The forklift extensions are obtainable either tapered or non-tapered for most container and pallet loads. Triangular extensions are utilized whenever transporting cylinder loads.
Cylinder loads consist of pipes, coils or drums. The extensions made to fit cylinder loads are usually constructed of steel and could be made to fit blades up to 2" thick and are 4" to 5" in width. Attached in place using a locking bar, they slip off and on effortlessly. Triangular extensions range in length from 54" to 60".
It is at all times a good plan to use safety measures whenever dealing with any type of industrial equipment and lift truck extensions are no different. Inspecting your lift truck extensions prior to utilizing it is likewise a good habit to get into. When the extensions have been placed onto the lift truck, the attaching mechanism should be double checked as well. Physical injury or destruction to the load can take place if the extensions were to become loose and fall off. Following OSHA regulations would likewise help so as to ensure the safety of the individual operating it as well as people working nearby.


text:
Der Kukaklek Lake ist ein See im Südwesten des US-Bundesstaates Alaska an der Westflanke der Aleutenkette.

Der See liegt vollständig im Katmai-Nationalpark, hat eine Fläche von 173,72 km² und liegt auf 247 m ü. NN.
Der Kukaklek Lake besitzt eine Längsausdehnung in Ost-West-Richtung von 38 km. Die Seebreite beträgt 9,2 km.
Den Abfluss des Sees am westlichen Ufer bildet der Alagnak River. Die größten seiner zahlreichen Zuflüsse sind der Nanuktuk Creek und der Moraine Creek. Am östlichen Seeufer befindet sich die 8,3 km lange Bucht Narrow Cove, in welche der Abfluss des weiter östlich gelegenen Battle Lake mündet.

Einzelnachweise

SKukaklek Lake
Lake and Peninsula Borough

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Well, sold the GT-150 and it started it's long journey yesterday to England. Sad to see it leave, but realities of loosing storage (for now) and shift in priorities, had to make an adjustment. I believe Grant has posted on here several times, so we'll probably see it again across the pond sometime soon.
Would like to focus on a few of the CVX20 needs. I was wondering if we have a source for the rubber strip that goes under the CVX windshields? Or something close to original?
Originally, my boat was bought without a windshield. A previous owner installed one, but set at wrong angle (IMO) and it had nothing between hull and windshield. When I drilled some new holes and reset it where I thought it should be, I used some basic foam strips, but they have moved over time and I don't like the way it looks. So, it would be great to use something like the original rubber that had a raised edge (see pic) on it... very nice finished look.
'76 Glastron/Carlson CVX-20 Jet, 455 Olds--"Julius"
'62 Glastron 153 Surflite Hardtop, '63 Evinrude 40hp Lark III--"Gator 62"
There is a product, comes in colors, that is used between fenders and body on old air cooled VW beetles. Known as fending beading or welting, its available fairly inexpensive from many sources. A bit of adhesive to the windshield and it will never move once bolted/screw through to body.
When you guy's find something that works .. Please let me know and I'll post to the "Glastron / Carlson windshield" thread.
Here is a pic, pretty certain I have a bunch laying around, shoot me a message and I could mail a sample. Plenty of colors as well. I don't sell it, but I also restore vw's. Don't buy any pre cut for VW installation, you'll want a full tab.
Thanks Mike, that would be great if you could mail a sample. I'll shoot you a PM.
Mark, I don't remember where I got this pic from. It must have been someone selling the windshield trim pieces, however the included windshield placement details may help your cause.
John .. Do you have a higher resolution of that picture ?
When I blow it up, it gets to grainy to read ..
Can you enlarge the whole thing, or just section by section ?
Interesting John, I think I can see what they are doing... measurement A from bow, B from side, wonder what measurement I would use for my CVX20, as it's not an intimidator, Sprint, or Ski Machine. Regardless, will be interesting to check the numbers from what I have done and what the previous owner did to these numbers, see how close or how far I ended up from where it should be.
I think the welting Mike mentioned will probably work for seal, even if I have to trim it down and make it not so wide. I'll need to get a sample and see.


Now that the only avenue for those who seek to continue the 'long and proud tradition' of the now defunct Rangers FC is to form a Newco (indeed one is already formed) then the question of how this Newco will be treated by the footballing authorities is really the only question on the minds of most supporters of football in Scotland.
On the basis that the assets of the RFC (including the name, the team, the ground, the training ground and the SPL share] are bought by Charles Green or, say Walter Smith for example, then we can assume that they intend to field a team in either the SPL or the SFL.
The Celtic Trust, along with other Celtic supporters' organisations and the supporters of other SPL clubs have, both in writing and in person, tried to get some clear answers to questions which relate to how this would come about   (see details of our meetings and correspondence with the SPL and the SFA respectively].
Will the SPL Clubs agree to the registration of the share transfer ie let a Newco into the SPL?
Will the SFA licence a Newco to play in the SPL?
Will the Scottish football authorities and the member clubs in Scotland defend the integrity of the game or not?
Many supporters' organisations of Celtic and other Clubs have already gone on record with their views on this matter, but at the risk of repeating ourselves or labouring the point, we will restate the Trust view here.
You may be right Rieperman but there are conflicting statements out there which make this very difficult to predict. The key issue for us though is the vote on the registration of the SPL share transfer.
I'm fairly certain that punishment for taking the FA to the court of session will apply to NewCo. It was confirmed the transfer ban would apply to anyone inheriting oldco's share, so why wouldn't any subsequent punishment?
I dont know if such action is legally possible, but should in the future the majority of SPL clubs vote on a 50/50 share of gate reciepts ,would it be possible to have an entry fee set at 1penny, then have a Company Benefit Scheme ( your laughing now ) set up where by contributions are requested , say an amount that make up the difference , with proceeds going to the company , which the 55 000 majority support would no doubt give . Leaving the 57 000 pennys ,assuming an away support of 2000, £570 pounds to be split 50/50. Tax would obviously be paid on the CBS . Then we have to seriously think ,as posted above ,how to impose any economic sanctions on other clubs .


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Preseason Week 1 IDP Review
Nate Watt shows you the top performances from the first week of the preseason, and breaks down other intriguing performances.
Nate Watt
IDP 4 Years Ago
Every week this preseason, I'm going to be looking at the top fantasy performances by defensive players by position, as well as looking at a handful of other performances that stood out to me. I'll be looking at and reporting on any interesting developments, injuries, or position battle changes that occur, leading up to the glorious start of the regular season. Enjoy!
Disclaimer: Because I'm limited by what statistics I'm able to find on the internet, and I don't have time to watch every snap of every game, TFL were not counted in the scoring.
Linebacker:
Name Team Solo Assist Sack FF FR INT PD TD Fan Pts
Mack Wilson CLE 3 0 0.0 0 0 2 4 1 26.5
Jermaine Grace ATL 3 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 14.75
LaRoy Reynolds SFO 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 14.75
Ty Summers GBP 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 14.25
Drue Tranquill LAC 3 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 14
Ulysees Gilbert PIT 2 1 1.5 1 0 0 0 0 13.75
Josh Woods CHI 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 13
Devin Bush PIT 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.75
Derek Rivers NEP 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 12.5
Jordan Hicks ARI 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 12.5
Landis Durham LAR 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 12.25
Jonathan Anderson NYG 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11.5
Luke Gifford DAL 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 11
Frankie Luvu NYJ 3 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 10.75
Troy Reeder LAR 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5
Defensive Line:
Name Team Solo Assists Sack FF FR INT PD TD Fan Pts
Daeshon Hall PHI 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 17
DeWayne Hendrix MIA 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 16.5
Carroll Phillips NEP 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 15.75
Austin Larkin ATL 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 15.25
Marquis Haynes CAR 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 13.25
Brian Burns CAR 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Jeremiah Valoaga SFO 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 11
Ryan Bee WAS 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 10.75
Jalyn Holmes MIN 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10
Chase Winovich NEP 2 1 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 9.75
Darryl Johnson BUF 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 9.25
Arden Key OAK 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8.5
Hercules Mata'afa MIN 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8.5
Shareef Miller PHI 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8.5
Isaac Rochell LAC 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8.5
Defensive Back:
Jimmy Moreland WAS 5 1 0 2 0 0 3 0
Steven Parker LAR 5 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
Chandon Sullivan GBP 5 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
Darius Phillips CIN 5 0 0 0 1 0 2 0
JaQuan Johnson BUF 8 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Jeremy Reaves WAS 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 13.75
Bennett Jackson BAL 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 13.25
Tae Hayes JAX 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 13.25
Jamar Taylor SEA 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 12.5
Deon Bush CHI 2 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 12.5
Josh Hawkins PHI 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
Michael Hunter KC 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 11.75
Herb Miller KC 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 11.75
Tigie Sankoh CLE 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 11.75
Tyler Sigler ARI 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 11.75
Other Performances of Note
Greedy Williams, CB, Cleveland Browns
With Terrance Mitchell as his main competition for the starting job across the field from Denzel Ward, it's reasonably likely that Greedy, the rookie corner from LSU, is running with the starters come Week 1. In his preseason debut against the Redskins, he snagged a second-quarter interception off of fellow rookie Dwayne Haskins. He also tackled Semaje Perine for a loss in the game, rounding off a great first taste of NFL game action.
Kenny Young, LB, Baltimore Ravens
Competing with Patrick Onwuasor for C.J. Mosley's old job, Young has a tough battle ahead to be an every snap kind of guy for fantasy owners. His performance on Friday helps though, racking up six tackles to pace the Ravens. The second-year LB out of UCLA has more than enough talent to win this battle, even if said battle leaks into the regular season. I was a bit too bullish on him in my initial LB rankings, but I remain faithful in his abilities.
Dre Greenlaw, LB, San Francisco 49ers
With Kwon Alexander's spotty record of health, it's not at all far fetched to picture Dre Greenlaw having plenty of time to be fantasy relevant this season. The fifth-rounder out of Arkansas followed in Young's example with six tackles, including one for loss. He also made a mark on special teams, and overall looked much better than his fifth-round pedigree would indicate. He'll be one to keep an eye on throughout the rest of preseason.
Sharif Finch, EDGE, Tennessee Titans
Entering his second season after tearing up the AAC at Temple, Sharif Finch got rave reviews from Pro Football Focus in his rookie season, earning an 85.6 grade in his 206 snaps. It's crazy to think he was undrafted, especially after watching him pressure the Eagles like a man possessed in Week 1. The game only amounted to a single tackle for loss, though he was a near-constant presence all up in the quarterbacks' grill. If he can work his way into a starting defensive end job across from Cameron Wake he could be a really interesting fantasy option, though he'll have to contend with five-year veteran Brent Urban.
Ed Oliver, DT, Buffalo Bills
This one is cheating a bit because technically speaking, a game where you put up no actual counting stats probably doesn't count as a performance of note. Still, Oliver looked very good in the limited snaps he got to play against First-Team All-Pro Quenton Nelson, arguably the best OG in football. If he can do it against Nelson, he can do it against anyone. I might just be letting my excitement get the better of me, but I'm incredibly amped to see what Oliver does with more snaps in Week 2.
Damontae Kazee, CB, Atlanta Falcons
Fantasy owners from last year know all about Kazee, who picked off seven passes as the Falcons secondary was devastated by injuries. Now moving to corner for the Falcons, and fighting for a starting job there, Kazee couldn't have looked much better against the Dolphins. He allowed just a single catch that went for three yards, adding another tackle for two on just 24 snaps. His ball-hawking ability could make him intriguing once again this season, especially if your league separates safety and cornerback into two positions.
Hope you guys enjoyed this and found it useful. The weekly preseason reviews will likely be a bit chunkier in the coming weeks as we see more player start to play in them, and as we see more major news that could impact fantasy come the regular season. If you have any questions, complaints, or just want to chat, feel free to hit me up on Twitter, @Quack2Back. Ciao!
(Photo by Scott W. Grau/Icon Sportswire)


Earlier than you have a look at a single swatch, countertop sample, cabinet end or appliance specification sheet, assess the efficiency with which your current kitchen layout addresses the most fundamental of kitchen capabilities. Subsequently, special consideration should be made when selecting the proper kitchen equipment for the job. You will most likely solely remodel a kitchen once, so it truly is worth it to consult an skilled on the best and most efficient layout. Find out what it'll actually costs to get your kitchen transforming venture accomplished.
Plan ahead, One of the causes that many people find yourself having to transform their kitchen down the highway is because they don't have the foresight to plan ahead. Get professionals to make an assessment for you, they could also offer you cheap ideas on remodeling a kitchen.
A latest survey on kitchens from the American Institute of Architects points to the rising reputation of good ergonomic design, an indication that kitchen adaptability will keep in vogue. Be aware that in case you hire professionals for the transform, labor will factor into the budget.
As ceramic tile is difficult underfoot, additional rugs or ground runners will probably be needed to make working in the kitchen simpler. Showcase antique Fiesta ware on open shelves or in higher cabinets with glass fronts. Our typical organizational challenges of overflowing cupboards and exploding junk drawers are compounded by mail, toys, garments and all types of clutter.
In reality, what we would like most often is to present a very completely different look to the kitchen: putting the furniture we now have at all times dreamed of (with drawers included), installing more aesthetically pleasing ground tiles, applying a trendsetter color to the partitions and distributing obtainable space precisely as fits us.


text:
Plastic injected part with a plastic-coated printed circuit board, which can be equipped with components
The invention relates to a printed circuit board, with at least one contact element for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is secured to the circuit board; and with a plastic layer which is applied to at least one side of the circuit board, where the contact element runs from the circuit board through plastic layer to project from this plastic layer to connect the mating contact. The invention also relates to a plastic injected part exhibiting this kind of plastic-coated circuit board, and to a process for the production of this kind of circuit board and plastic injected part.
Becherer, Frank (Haslach, DE)
H05K3/28; H05K5/06; H05K3/34; (IPC1-7): H05K1/00
20090133925 Cable Harness, More Specifically a High-Voltage Cable Harness for a Motor Vehicle, as Well as a Device for Leading-Through an Electric Cable and for Connecting a Shield of the Cable May, 2009 Albert et al.
20090288878 BUSHING AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME November, 2009 Rocks et al.
20050284651 Space structure for tidying up cables connecting to an electronic appliance December, 2005 Choi
20080296046 Electric Insulator and a Method for the Production Thereof December, 2008 Bessede et al.
20080073103 Twist-on wire connector with peelable covering March, 2008 King Jr. et al.
20090211777 PLUG IN DEVICE DIMENSIONING SYSTEM AND METHOD August, 2009 Bankers et al.
20090314543 FLEXIBLE MAGNETIZATION ENERGY TRANSFER RIBBONS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THEM December, 2009 Corso
20080185182 ELECTRICAL UNIT FOR BOAT AND OUTBOARD MOTOR August, 2008 Fujino
20100084184 Open Back Junction Box and Method for Pre-fab Wiring April, 2010 Phillips
20090078454 Electronic circuit connecting structure of flat display panel substrate March, 2009 Chen et al.
20080041608 Cable Duct February, 2008 Thiel
NORRIS, JEREMY C
NATH, GOLDBERG & MEYER (Alexandria, VA, US)
1. A printed circuit board with at least one contact element for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is secured to the circuit board, and a plastic layer, which is applied to at least one side of the circuit board, where the contact element runs from the circuit board through the plastic layer and projects from this plastic layer to connect the mating contact.
2. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the plastic layer is applied to one or both sides of the circuit board.
3. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the plastic layer is a thermoplastic material with a melting point between 250° C. and 450° C., preferably between 350° C. and 410° C.
4. A printed circuit board according to claim 3, in which the plastic layer is thermoplastic material with a melting point between 350° C. and 410° C.
5. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the contact element is soldered onto the circuit board.
6. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the contact element is soldered to the circuit board with a high-temperature solder having a melting temperature greater than 200° C., particularly greater than 230° C.
8. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the circuit board is made of a material having a thermal strength greater than 100° C., particularly greater than 150° C.
9. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the circuit board consists of an epoxide fiberglass laminate with an interlaced resin system.
10. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which at least one conductor is positioned on the surface of the circuit board and the plastic layer covers the conductor and an adjacent surface area of the circuit board.
12. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the circuit board exhibits a through-passage to which the contact element is soldered, and in which circuit board the plastic layer is applied to the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board in the area of the through-passage.
13. A printed circuit board according to claim 11, in which the circuit board exhibits a through-passage to which the contact element is soldered, and in which circuit board the plastic layer is applied to the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board in the area of the through-passage.
14. A printed circuit board according to claim 1, in which the plastic layer is applied to one or both sides of the circuit board, in which the plastic layer is a thermoplastic material with a melting point greater than 80° C., particularly greater than 35.0° C., in which the contact element is soldered to the circuit board in which the circuit board consists of an epoxide fiberglass laminate with an interlaced resin system, and in which at least one conductor is positioned on the surface of the circuit board and the plastic layer covers the conductor and an adjacent surface area of the circuit board.
15. A plastic injected part with a printed circuit board that exhibits at least one contact element for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is secured to the circuit board, and a plastic layer, which is applied to at least one side of the circuit board, where the contact element runs from the circuit board through the plastic layer and projects from this plastic layer to connect the mating contact.
16. A plastic injected part according to claim 15, in which the plastic extends from the plastic layer outward and laterally as the housing wall of a housing, and the plastic layer and the housing wall are produced from the same material.
17. A plastic injected part according to claim 15, in which the plastic layer is applied to one or both sides of the circuit board, in which the plastic layer is a thermoplastic material with a melting point greater than 80° C., particularly greater than 350° C., in which the contact element is soldered to the circuit board, in which the circuit board consists of an epoxide fiberglass laminate with an interlaced resin system, and in which at least one conductor is positioned on the surface of the circuit board and the plastic layer covers the conductor and an adjacent surface area of the circuit board.
18. A process for at least partial coating with plastic of a printed circuit board which exhibits at least one contact element, where in the process the contact element is soldered onto the circuit board, and thereupon the circuit board is coated with the plastic in such a way that the contact element runs from the circuit board through the plastic and projects from the plastic in order to connect a mating contact.
19. A process according to claim 18, in which the contact element is soldered into a through-passage in the circuit board, and the plastic is simultaneously sprayed as a plastic layer onto the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board in the vicinity of the through-passage.
20. A process according to claim 18, in which the plastic used is a thermoplastic material with a melting temperature greater than 80° C., particularly higher than 100° C., and particularly higher than 350° C., a high-temperature solder with a melting temperature greater than 200° C., particularly greater than 235° C., is used for soldering the contact element, and a circuit board is used whose material has a thermal stability greater than 150° C.
AREA OF INVENTION
The invention relates to a printed circuit board, a plastic injected part with a printed circuit board, and a process for their manufacture.
For sensors, e.g., vibration sensors and liquid level meters, a housing is positioned on the actual sensor element, and the housing contains electronic components for the control and/or evaluation of sensor signals. The electronic components usually rest on a printed circuit board, which exhibits contact elements for connecting a mating contact. The mating contact may lead to other components within this arrangement, or may lead to an external arrangement. It is important that the electronic components are tightly sealed, i.e., they must be sealed mainly against liquids and dust.
Known to the prior art is a printed circuit board with one or more contact elements for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is attached to the printed circuit board. To provide a certain degree of protection it is also known to enclose the printed circuit boards with a so-called "hotmelt" sealing; here the applied plastic layer is thermally stable only up to 80° C. and exhibits neither high chemical nor mechanical strengths. Before the coating is applied the contact elements are secured to the printed circuit board or to a corresponding conductor material. This can be done, e.g., by pressing into position the penetrating contact elements or by gluing the penetrating contact elements into position, when such contact elements are required, e.g., for adapting a plug used by the customer as the mating contact. This circuit board is positioned inside the housing and serves to connect electronic components used in the signal evaluation for, e.g., a liquid level meter; here the electronic components are again contained in the housing.
A goal of the invention is to improve a printed circuit board exhibiting contact elements and a plastic layer with respect to durability and protection against external influences.
Another goal of the invention is to produce a plastic injected part with this kind of printed circuit board in a simple manner, and at the same time to provide an improved and especially durable protection against external influences.
A further goal consists is specifying a process that produces this kind of printed circuit board, or this kind of plastic injected part, as simply as possible.
The goal of the invention is achieved with a printed circuit board, or with a base exhibiting at least one contact element for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is secured to the printed circuit board; and with a plastic layer, which is applied to at least one side of the base or the printed circuit board, while the contact element runs from the base through the plastic layer to project from this plastic layer in order to connect the mating contact.
The goal is also achieved in a plastic injected part with a base, or with a printed circuit board, that exhibits at least one contact element for connecting a mating contact, where the contact element is secured to the base, or to the printed circuit board; and with a plastic layer which is applied to one side of the base or printed circuit board, while the contact element runs from the base or printed circuit board through the plastic layer and projects from this plastic layer to connect the mating contact.
As to the process, the goal is achieved with a process for the partial coating of a base, or printed circuit board, exhibiting a contact element, where plastic is used for the coating and the contact element is soldered to the base or printed circuit board, whereupon the base, or printed circuit board, is coated with the plastic in such a way that the contact element runs from the base or circuit board through the plastic and projects from the plastic, or from the surface of the plastic, to connect the mating contact.
This arrangement or procedure can be elaborated in a number of highly preferred embodiments.
The plastic layer can be advantageously applied to the base on one or both sides. Especially preferred is a plastic layer that employs as its plastic a thermoplastic material with a melting point greater than 80° C., particularly greater than 100° C., while a thermoplastic material with a melting point greater than 350° C. is highly preferred, since it makes possible a thermally stable and lasting protection with advantageous plastic materials. The plastic layer will advantageously consist of a thermoplastic material with an injection temperature between about 250° C. and 410° C., particularly between 370° C. and 410° C., so that it is possible to solder at least one contact element to the circuit board by means of a high-temperature solder, in combination with spraying a plastic layer of the described type.
Preferred is a printed circuit board for which the contact element is soldered to the circuit board, or is soldered into a through-passage in the circuit board, since this provides a particularly simple means of attachment, which additionally provides good stability against bending or axial displacement. It is much preferred if the contact element is soldered to the circuit board with a high-temperature solder, particularly a high-temperature soft solder with a melting point greater than 200° C., particularly greater than 230° C. This makes it possible to subsequently spray the circuit board and the solder with a thermoplastic material which exhibits a melting temperature above 200° C., or even above 350° C., and optionally exhibits an injection temperature lower than the melting temperature of the high temperature solder.
Especially for coating with a thermoplastic material, it is advantageous to employ a circuit board of epoxy resin fiberglass laminate with an interlaced resin system.
Conductors or conductor strips positioned on the surface of the base serve to connect in conventional fashion at least one contact element to the other contact element, or to other electrical or electronic components. It is advantageous if the plastic layer covers this conductor and an adjacent surface area of the circuit board. However, the plastic layer must not cover the entire surface of the circuit board, but should ideally cover essential or all electronic components and conductors positioned on the outside surface of the circuit board.
Particularly favored are embodiments in which the circuit board or the base exhibits a through-passage into which the contact element is soldered; here a plastic layer is applied to the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board in the area of the through-passage. The bilateral, or bilateral and simultaneous, spraying of the plastic layer makes it possible to avoid damage to the solder in the area of the through-passage, especially when the plastic layer is applied or sprayed at high pressure.
In the following, an exemplary embodiment will be explained in greater detail on the basis of the drawing, which shows:
FIG. 1 a lateral sectional view of a printed circuit board with inserted contact elements, where the circuit board is partially coated with plastic;
FIG. 2 a top view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, in partial section;
FIG. 3 a perspective view of a housing part with a circuit board sprayed with plastic, where the plastic is simultaneously used to form a housing wall.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
As can seen in FIGS. 1-3, contact elements 2 are attached to a printed circuit board 1. The contact elements 2 are each guided by means of a front-end terminal section 20 through a through-passage 10 in the circuit board or the base material 1. The contact elements 2 are secured by being soldered into the through-passage 10 with the solder 11. The solder 11 partially protrudes into the through-passage 10 or protrudes entirely through the latter to reach the other side of the circuit board 1. A high-temperature solder will ideally be employed as a solder.
The contact elements 2 serve as contact pins for connecting a mating contact 21, for example, a mating contact 21 in the form of a bushing positioned on the contact element 2. In order to connect electronic components connected to the mating contact 21 to other electronic components, the contact elements 2 are connected with the solder 11 to a conductor strip 12 act as conductor; the conductor strip 12 is positioned and secured to the surface of the circuit board 1 in conventional fashion. Electronic components that are positioned directly on the circuit board 1 can be attached to the conductor strip 12 and can be coated, if so desired. In the depicted exemplary embodiment other contact elements 2* are attached to the conductor strip 12. These other contact elements 2* serve in turn as contact pins for the connection of corresponding mating contacts.
The arrangement consisting of the circuit board 1, or the base, and the contact elements 2, 2* attached thereto is at least partially coated with plastic. In the depicted embodiment the plastic is applied as a downward-facing plastic layer on an initial lateral area of the circuit board 1, and this lateral area of the circuit board 1 is completely covered by the downward-facing plastic layer. In addition, an upward-facing plastic layer 31 is applied or sprayed section-wise to the opposite side of the circuit board 1. As depicted, the upward-facing plastic layer 31 covers areas of the circuit board where electric components are located, such as the contact elements 2 and the through-passages 10 leading to the opposite side of the circuit board 1.
In order to form a housing 33, plastic protrudes laterally away from the plastic with which the circuit board 1 is coated, to form a side wall 32. With this kind of arrangement a housing 33 is created in order to contain electronic components; the electronic components are received within the space formed by the circuit board 1 and the side wall 32. Such electronic components are connected by means of the mating contacts 21, which are connected to the contact elements 2. The plastic injected part created in this way thus creates a housing 33, and all electronic components, including the circuit board 1, are completely enclosed in plastic 3.
To make it possible to connect the mating contacts 21 to the contact elements 2, 2*, the contact elements 2, 2* extend laterally from the circuit board 1 to a point such that the terminal sections of the contact elements 2, 2* protrude from the plastic 3, 30, 31 and are free to be connected. In accordance with the invention process, consequently, after the contact elements 2, 2* are secured—specifically, after they are soldered to the circuit board 1—the plastic 3 is sprayed in such a way that the ends of the contact elements 2, 2* facing away from the circuit board 1 project out of the corresponding plastic layer 30, 31 without having a plastic coating.
In a highly preferred embodiment the plastic 3 is sprayed onto the side of the circuit board 1 which faces the space bordered by the lateral wall 30, but only in areas in which electronic components, contact elements 2, and/or through-passages 10 are located. In the process, it is advantageous to spray out the plastic layer 31, 30 in the area of the through-passages 10 not only bilaterally but simultaneously, in order to avoid damage to the solder 11 in the area of the through-passage 10, when spraying is performed at high pressure.
Thermoplastic material is the preferred plastic to be employed, both in order to provide a particularly good seal against liquids and dust and so that a material that is robust with respect to mechanical influences can be used for the housing 33. In initial tests the plastic employed was polyetherimide (PEI). Naturally a different plastic can be used, particularly from this class, for example, PSU, PES, PPSU, PPS, etc. All of these plastics are thermoplastics with particularly advantageous properties. The melting temperature for the highly preferred plastic will ideally be between 370° C. and 410° C., depending on the design of the structural component, i.e., the thickness and dimensions of the housing wall 32 and the geometry of the housing. However, other plastics with higher or lower melting temperatures can also be used. For the preferred plastic PEI the injection temperature is 370° C.-410° C. As compared to the hotmelt process, which operates with a low pressure in the range of 2-40×105 and a melt temperature of about 200° C., the preferred process calls for the plastic to be sprayed at pressures of up to 1500×105.
Because of the high pressures used in spraying, areas of the circuit board 1 that have soldering points, and particularly those involving solder 11, can be sprayed on both sides simultaneously in the area of through-passages 10, i.e., both from the upper and lower side of the circuit board 1, so as to avoid damage to the soldering points caused by the high spraying pressure.
A circuit board material that has a high resistance to temperature is preferred in order to permit work at these high temperatures. Epoxide fiberglass laminate has proven to be advantageous, particularly one with an interlaced resin system and with a glass transition temperature greater than 150° C.
A high-temperature solder will ideally be employed due to the very high temperatures of the plastic melt when the plastic is sprayed on. Preferred is a high-temperature soft solder with a melting temperature greater than 200° C., particularly greater than 230° C. or 235° C. for the highly preferred plastic. Due to its short period of contact with the hot melt and a rapid cooling that occurs within seconds, the solder is not melted, or at least is not completely melted, although the plastic melt is considerably hotter.
When other materials are used, the materials of the remaining components must have appropriate corresponding values.
Semiconductor components which cannot be completely coated due to the high temperatures of the plastic melts during spraying can be advantageously positioned on areas of the circuit board 1 that are not coated with plastic. However, contact elements 2, 2*, the conductor 12, and the solder 11 in particular can be completely coated due to their sufficient thermal stability.
In this way, a plastic injected part can be produced as a housing 33 for the sealed reception of electronic components. After the electronic components are inserted, the housing can be tightly sealed with an appropriate lid or through extended spraying and the formation of an additional wall of plastic. With the use of a thermoplastic plastic material and the spraying of the circuit board and of contact elements projecting from the plastic on both the inside and the outside, a housing 33 is produced that satisfies heavy mechanical requirements. The contact elements are protected against bending or axial displacement relative to the wall of the housing. Furthermore, the housing provides a casing that is sealed against liquid and dust for the interior and its electronic components. In this design, an advantageous feature rests in the fact that adhesives and sealers are not used, inasmuch as these would produce problems of durability upon insertion of the housing in conjunction with, e.g., a liquid level meter. In addition, the simple procedural method enables a cost-effective production of the plastic injected part with its coated circuit board.
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We've all seen the paraphernalia, T-shirts, mugs and the like. I personally have a button of "Everything I Need to Know About Life I've Learned By Reading Banned Books." Incidentally that wasn't the button I was asked to remove by the Homeland Security officer, but that's a story for a different week of censorship. Putting aside the glib statement and the run of the mill merchandise that goes with it, and there are some really neat book crafts you can get up to this week as part of the festivities. Now while I am not a big fan of desecrating the written word, if you have old duplicate copies, a stained edition or just three copies of Pride and Prejudice , ahem, there is always something you can put to good use. Be careful of mold on old pages if you plan on doing any of these crafts with your kids.
WordUp,NerdUp has a few ideas this week, including how to make a banned books card case, and banned books muffins.
Cha Cha over at The Heartfelt Home shows us how to make a book page wreath.
One I especially like is the book envelope, though I've only ever tried this with discarded magazines.
Bunting is also a good option, especially for decorating a baby shower, child's room, or for your local library.
And, of course, there's always the book safe.
Thanks for mentioning our Banned Books projects!


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Here Is Your Slogan & Something Else Here
Wayne's Writing
Home » Anthologies » Festival of Felonies
Festival of Felonies
Apr 19, 2022 by Wayne Zurl
From bizarre animal killings in HAVE YOU CONSIDERED VOODOO? to a grisly death by tomahawk in REENACTING A MURDER; follow veteran cop Sam Jenkins from his days as a young New York squad detective until his second career as a middle-aged police chief in the not-so-quiet Smoky Mountain community of Prospect, Tennessee in the series' fifth anthology of realistic crime fiction.
In other segments of this collection, Jenkins is faced with investigating the aftermath of a mass murder at an elementary school in PAPER TRAIL, with proving one of his officers was justified in taking the life of an unarmed teenager in THE FERGUSON SHOOTING and finally, dealing with a conglomeration of eccentric suspects in one of the more humorous cases of arson he's ever seen in A FIRE AND OLD ICE.
Authentic police work. Quirky characters. New York street smarts versus down home crime. If you like Robert B. Parker's Jesse Stone, you'll love Wayne Zurl's Sam Jenkins.
For more in-depth summaries of each novelette, visit the anthologies sections of this site.
For more in-depth summaries please go to the novelettes section of this site.
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From: PAPER TRAIL, chapter one
Sergeant Stanley Rose scrambled from behind his patrol car and moved clockwise toward the school's rear entrance. When he reached a white Toyota parked near the corner of the building, he rested an Ithaca pump shotgun over the hood, pointing it at the admin office window. POs Junior Huskey and Harley Flatt scurried in the opposite direction until they found cover behind a Ford Fusion and a Chevy pickup. Junior carried a scoped Winchester model 70 and Harley an AR-15. Their khaki uniform shirts contrasted with the darker vehicles; their green trousers blended with the grass. Bobby Crockett and I remained at the side of the school behind my unmarked Crown Victoria, no more than sixty feet from the building. We carefully watched a young man hold the muzzle end of an AK-47 at the head of John Woolford, the assistant principal of the Lamar E. Shields Elementary School in Prospect, Tennessee, a small city generally said to be on the "peaceful side of the Smokies."
In addition to carrying an assault rifle, the grips of two high-capacity semiautomatics protruded from the gunman's waistband. That much firepower turned a skinny kid into a formidable opponent.
I'm not a professional hostage negotiator, but I needed to establish contact and do something to keep the situation from swirling down the toilet. Using my cell phone, I called a landline in the school's office.
Woolford picked up. "Yes?"
"John, Sam Jenkins, Prospect PD. Can I speak to the man with the guns?"
On the other end I heard, "The police chief wants to speak with you."
The young man, who looked to be in his late teens or early twenties, was very thin and dressed all in black. After hearing the message, he pushed Woolford roughly into a chair and grabbed the phone. "What?" he said.
I identified myself and began a dialogue. "Tell me what you want. What can I do to work this out?"
His nostrils flared as he sucked air in through his nose; he took no time to reply. "I already done what I came here for. I got nothin' more to say."
As he dropped the phone onto the desk, I yelled, "Wait!"
Without further ado, he calmly squeezed the trigger of the assault rifle. The muzzle flashed and recoiled slightly, the cracking report was loud enough for us to hear outside the building as one 7.62 x 39 millimeter round travelled through John Woolford's head. The young man showed no emotion, no more feeling for another living thing than if he had cut the head of a fish. For a moment afterwards, he looked out the window. His head turned thirty degrees to the right, then to the left, perhaps searching for the eyes of the last person with whom he spoke.
Who knows what a homicidal individual thinks? I've met plenty and can never figure them out.
The silent radio broke squelch, and Junior said, "I've got a shot."
"Standby," I said. "Let's see what he does."
The young gunman shrugged, turned the rifle, placing the muzzle between his lips, and put a bullet through the top of his head.
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© 2023 Wayne Zurl


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Italian Prime Minister Prodi resigns
By weee_ann
@weee_ann (1454)
February 21, 2007 11:47pm CST
ROME, Italy (CNN) -- Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi on Wednesday offered his resignation to President Giorgio Napolitano. The Italian presidential palace said Prodi took the action after losing, by two votes, a major foreign policy vote in the upper house of Parliament. Prodi's coalition allies rebelled over keeping Italian troops in Afghanistan and allowing the expansion of a U.S. military base in Vicenza, Italy. Napolitano reserved the right to decide whether to accept the resignation and has asked the current government to remain in charge as caretaker. Napolitano is set to begin consultations Thursday with Italian political leaders, after which he will decide whether to call for new elections or give the mandate to a new prime minister or to Prodi himself. Prodi's term began nine months ago, after he beat Silvio Berlusconi by 20,000 votes. He won with a comfortable margin in the lower house, but only a narrow one in the upper house. Divisive issues A key issue separating the men was the Iraq war. Berlusconi supported the U.S. invasion, despite overwhelming opposition at home. Prodi vowed to withdraw Italy's nearly 3,000 troops from Iraq by the end of 2006. But leftists, who last year voted for Prodi, turned out by the thousands Saturday to decry his approval for U.S. plans to expand the military base in the city of Vicenza, home to the 173rd Airborne Brigade. Another political complication for Prodi is the first criminal trial in the CIA's extraordinary rendition program. Prosecutors allege that five Italian intelligence officials worked with the Americans -- almost all CIA agents -- to abduct terror suspect Osama Moustafa Hassan Nasr from a Milan street on February 17, 2003. Nasr was allegedly transferred by vehicle to the Aviano Air Force base near Venice and then by air to the Ramstein Air Base in Germany and on to Egypt, where critics say he was tortured. Prosecutors say the alleged kidnapping operation was a breach of Italian sovereignty that compromised Italy's own anti-terrorism efforts. They are pressing the Italian government to seek the extradition of the U.S. agents. Berlusconi's government refused, and Prodi's government has yet to make its decision. Polls show that, if a vote were held today, Berlusconi would eke out a narrow victory. But any new election would not be held for at least three months and, even if he were to win, there is no guarantee he could put together a government coalition. In recent months, the Christian Democrat Party has distanced itself from Berlusconi's party. Said one political analyst: "We are in for a long period of political chaos in Italy."