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How to unlock the best ending?
Assassins Creed Valhalla: How to unlock the best ending? Assassin's Creed Valhalla guide, walkthrough
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On this page of our guide we have included detailed information on how to unlock the best ending in Assassin's Creed Valhalla. You will learn what the requirements for a good ending of the adventure are and how to meet the requirements necessary to see the best ending.
For obvious reasons, this page contains big spoilers about the campaign's finale and some key story events - important choices that come up during the game.
What is the best ending in Assassin's Creed Valhalla?
What important choices influence Sigurd's attitude?
Consequences of our decisions and choice of ending
There are two informal endings in AC Valhalla - one of them can be called a good / best end and the other a bad end. Both endings focus on the character of Sgurd, the jarl, to which Eivor is subject and which is one of the most important characters of the game. There will be several important choices waiting for you when progressing through the campaign and how you will act in them will influence what ending will be displayed in the adventure's finale.
Regardless of the Sigurd's storyline, there is also the thread of Order of the Ancients, whose main purpose is to identify and eliminate the leader of the Order. This thread is unrelated to the main story and is completely optional - we have described it in detail in a separate chapter of our guide, titled Order of the Ancients
There are 5 important choices related to Sigurd in the game. Each of these choices can improve or worsen Sigurd's attitude towards Eivor.
Important choice 1/5 - Taking materials to England. The decision is made at the end of the starting saga - the quest line in Norway, when Sigurd, Eivor and other Vikings set out to conquer England. This is the main quest titled The Seas of Fate.
Leaving the materials in Norway (in the hands of Styrbjorn - Sigurd's father) will improve Sigurd's attitude.
Taking the materials with you to England (to use for the expansion of the first settlement and ignoring the fact that the raw materials belonged to Styrbjorn) will cause a deterioration in Sigurd's attitude.
Important choice 2/5 - Romance with Randvi. The opportunity for this romance appears at an early stage of the game. In our case, this topic appeared after completing the East Anglia quest line. The beginning of romance with Randvi and its course are described in a separate chapter of the guide - it's the side quest titled Taken for Granted.
Rejecting Randvi's advances after he spontaneously kisses Eivor (dialogue options of staying friends and this not being the right time for a romance) will improve Sigurd's attitude.
Romancing Randvi in Sigurd's absence will cause Sigurd's attitude to deteriorate.
Important choice 3/5 - Confrontation with Sigurd and Basim in Oxenefordscire. A confrontation with these characters takes place while completing the storyline in Oxenefordscire region, specifically in the main mission called Blood from a Stone.
Refraining from punching Sigurd and Basim will improve Sigurd's attitude.
Punching Basim and then Sigurd (both must occur) will cause deterioration of Siegurd's attitude.
Important choice 4/5 - Decision on defeated Dag. The confrontation with Dag will take place after completing the storyline in Cent region. Dag will challenge Eivor to a duel for leadership over the clan in Sigurd's absence. The game takes into account the decision that is made by kneeling near defeated, dying Dag. The confrontation itself is described in more detail on the page titled Dag's axe - give it to him or not?
Giving Dag his axe and allowing him to get to Valhalla will improve Sigurd's attitude.
Refusing Dag his axe and "sending him" to Helheim will make Sigurds's attitude worse.
Importnat choice 5/5 - Sigurd's judgment on Gudrun and Holger. The scene from the judgment of another quarrel between these characters is triggered after completing the questlines in Suthsexe and Essexe. Eivor will initially want to give a verdict, but eventually he will be replaced by Sigurd, who, as the current jarl, will make the final decision.
Agreeing with Sigurd's judgment will improve Sigurd's attitude.
Opposing Sigurd's judgment will decrease Sigurd's attitude towards you.
Sigurd and the game will "follow" your choices in the finale of the main storyline, i.e. when visiting a mysterious location in the Hordafylke region - the main quest A Brother's Keeper's.
After defeating Basim, Sigurd will summarize your relationship to date , displaying the choices that determined his decision.
If you want to see the best ending, the number of decisions in favor of Sigurd must prevail, i.e. one of three situations must occur:
5 times you have chosen to favor Sigurd, 0 times to oppose him.
4 times you have chosen a choice favorable to Sigurd, 1 time against him.
3 times you have chosen to favor Sigurd, 2 times against him.
The best ending in Assassin's Creed Valhalla means that Sigurd decides to stay in England with Eivor. Sigurd will relinquish the title of yarl, removing himself to the sidelines and appoint Eivor as the new leader of the Raven clan. Eivor's relationship with Sigurd will remain friendly.
If, for a change, decisions against Sigurd prevail, the "worse" ending will be displayed - Sigurd decides to stay in Norway and not return to England with Eivor after all the events of the campaign's finale.


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Guys Decided To Surf On A Train In Paris And There's Video
By Tim McGovern
Rikke Brewer on YouTube
Someone watched the first "Mission: Impossible" movie a little too much or perhaps they enjoyed the ending of "Speed" a little too intensely.
It seems that owning a GoPro these days means that you're obligated to record yourself doing feats only a stuntman or a person with a severe death wish might do.
For instance, take this group of ne'er-do-wells who decided to quite literally hop on a train in Paris.
The gentleman with the GoPro (contrary to popular belief, "The Gentleman With The GoPro" is not a forgotten Agatha Christie mystery) is one of the last of his friends to hop on the train in the video.
When he does, the locomotive starts moving AND WHAT'S THAT PERCUSSIVE BEATING SOUND? OH, NEVER MIND... IT'S JUST MY ANXIETY-RIDDEN HEART.
The guys quickly run toward the front of the train like they're in "The Great Train Robbery," which is enough to make me close my eyes in anticipation that a low-hanging bridge is going to decapitate them...
Sure, this is incredibly dangerous... but would you just look at how picturesque the Eiffel Tower is at night? It reminds me of this one French poem that-
OH MY GOD, THERE'S A LOW-HANGING WALL APPROACHING.
The train stopped abruptly before the station, which probably means that someone alerted the conductor to their presence.
They ducked, rolled and then performed some serious parkour:
Finally, they all run away in fear of getting caught.
No, they're right. The only thing scarier than running atop a moving train at night is a French detective on your tail.
In case you're still jonesing for more insane GoPro videos, check out this one in which a guy fought off a great white shark or this one featuring a space launch.
I hope you get a chance to watch these from the safety of your own home (and not on top of a train).
Citations: This Video Of Teens Train-Surfing Past The Eiffel Tower Will Give You A Panic Attack (Uproxx)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This information was the most current on file in criminal division of Marion County District Court as of March 16. Information often is not available until more than a week after hearings. Journal entries must be checked by the defense, prosecution, and judge before they are filed.
Jerome D. Creed, 301 Santa Fe, Marion; status hearing continued from Feb. 6 to Feb. 15. Pleaded no-contest Feb. 15 to violation of a protection from stalking order, given 12-month suspended sentence, ordered to have no contact with Pamela Newlin except for parenting purposes outlined in the domestic case, must pay $138 court costs, $22 surcharge, and $45 booking fee.
Kimberly Joy Funk, 102 E. Kansas, Lehigh; arraigned Feb. 27, waives formal arraignment. Pleaded innocent to three counts of mistreatment of a dependent adult and seven counts of misdemeanor theft. Status hearing scheduled for April 2.
Ally D. Barnette, 405 Grant St., Marion; 37 counts of giving a worthless check dismissed without prejudice Feb. 27 upon payment of restitution and fees owed.
Mindy Sue Herpich, 1492 N. Main #19, McPherson; diversion extended Feb. 27 from 18 months to 24 months in three separate cases.
Dawnyele N. Reynolds, 102 W. Santa Fe Apt. 3, Marion; jury trial continued from Feb. 27 to April 20.
Fred G. Jones Jr., 212 N. Prospect, Lehigh; pleaded no-contest to fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer and failure to obey a lawful order of a police officer; one count of obstructing official duty dismissed.
Joseph Wade Wuest, 2363 Chapel Ridge Place Apt. H20, Salina; sentenced Feb. 27 to 30 days controlling sentence and 12 months probation for violation of a protection order; ordered to pay $138 court costs,$22 surcharge, $60 probation fee, and $45 booking fee.
Andrew B. Shipman, 101 W. 4th St., Florence; pleaded no-contest to criminal damage to property on Feb. 27; sentenced to 90 day controlling sentence and 12 months probation; ordered to pay $138 court costs, $22 surcharge, $60 probation fee, $45 booking fee, and $700 restitution. Minor in consumption and furnishing alcohol to a minor charges dismissed without prejudice Feb. 27.
Brian A. Solis, 314 E. Lincoln, Wellington; sentenced Feb. 27 to a nine-month controlling sentence, 48 hours in Marion County Jail, six days electronically monitored house arrest, and 12 months probation for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs with a prior conviction; ordered to pay $138 court costs, $22 surcharge, $60 probation fee, $1,200 fine, and $45 booking fee, ordered not to use drugs or alcohol or go anywhere that primarily makes money selling alcohol; ordered to install ignition interlock device on vehicle for two years.
Lauren David Goddard, 215 W. 10th, Florence; arraigned Feb. 27 and waives formal arraignment; pleaded guilty to possession of an hallucinogenic drug (marijuana) and possession of drug paraphernalia. Sentencing scheduled for April 18. A separate charge of possession of drug paraphernalia dismissed without prejudice.
Abbie Anderson, 205 W. B, Hillsboro; charges of battery and disorderly conduct dismissed without prejudice Feb. 27.
Todd Michael Beneke; arraignment on motion to revoke probation and misdemeanor theft continued from Feb. 15 to March 5.
Marjorie A. Hufman, 2578 Goldenrod, Hillsboro; made first appearance March 5 on charge of permitting a dangerous animal to be at large; arraignment scheduled for April 23.
Robert C. Lucas, 407 Aksarben, Wichita; made first appearance March 5 on failure to appear; arraignment scheduled for April 23.
Charles W. Matthews, 102 W. Santa Fe St. Apt. 4, Marion; made first appearance March 5 on charges of criminal damage to property and battery; arraignment scheduled for April 23.


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The Map below provides access to the FEMA Floodplain maps for Walworth County. These maps were created by FEMA for the National Flood Insurance Program and became effective on October 2, 2009. All floodplain maps are in PDF format and can be accessed by clicking in the area that you are interested in. Red areas indicate no flood hazard areas.


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Saturday Night Outdoor Movies start next weekend, June 6! We are kicking off the series with Jurassic Park! All movies will start at 8:45 p.m./dusk at Mulberry Lake across from The Village at Briarcliff. They're free, you just need to bring blankets, lawn chairs and snacks!


The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) requires each State Educational Agency (SEA) to develop a State Systemic Improvement Plan (SSIP) as part of the State Performance Plan/Annual Performance Report. Arkansas's multi-year plan outlines strategies to address state capacity for leading change efforts in Local Educational Agencies (LEAs). The Arkansas SSIP is intended to drive innovation in the delivery of services to students, especially students with disabilities in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The Arkansas SSIP highlights the need for a system of support that is aligned with other units within the Arkansas Department of Education to improve the literacy results in grades 3-5 for students with disabilities. The SSIP is aligned with the Arkansas State Personnel Development Grant (SPDG) to support Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation and maximize all students' literacy and behavioral outcomes, especially students with disabilities.


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Millennial New World
Home decades What economists have gotten wrong for decades
What economists have gotten wrong for decades
In a House hearing on monetary policy last week, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell made a telling confession in response to a question from Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY). The topic was the so-called natural rate of unemployment: the idea, believed by many economists and policymakers, that there is a rate at which unemployment could get so low that it could trigger ever-rising inflation.
It's an idea that has governed decades of monetary policymaking, often prompting the Fed to keep interest rates higher than it should — slowing down the economy in the process — out of fear of accelerating inflation.
Ocasio-Cortez didn't waste time poking holes at it. She pointed out that the unemployment rate, now 3.7 percent, has fallen well below the Fed's estimates of the natural rate, which it forecast at 5.4 percent in 2014 and 4.2 percent today. And yet, she noted, "inflation is no higher today than it was five years ago. Given these facts, do you think it's possible that the Fed's estimates of the lowest sustainable unemployment rate may have been too high?"
Powell's response, to his credit, was as simple and direct as you'll ever hear from a central banker: "Absolutely." He elaborated: "I think we've learned that … this is something you can't identify directly. I think we've learned that it's lower than we thought, substantially lower than we thought in the past."
Powell's response was commendable, perhaps even groundbreaking; here was the Fed chair challenging decades of conventional economic wisdom. It was a welcome sign of a policymaker's willingness to question age-old assumptions that have dictated policy and affected millions.
And it's not the only economic "iron law" that we need to revisit. In the spirit of Powell's act, I'd like to dig deeper into some assumptions that have defined economic policymaking these past few decades, assumptions that have needlessly caused a lot of economic pain.
The natural rate of unemployment that AOC questioned is one such idea (more on that below). There are three others worth singling out:
that globalization is a win-win proposition for all, an idea that has deservedly taken a battering in recent years;
that federal budget deficits "crowd out" private investments; and
that the minimum wage will only have negative effects on jobs and workers.
Economists and policymakers have gotten these ideas wrong for decades, at great cost to the public. Especially hard hit have been the most economically vulnerable, and these mistakes can certainly be blamed for the rise of inequality. It's time we moved on from them.
1) Going below the natural rate of unemployment could spark an inflationary spiral
The mandate of the Federal Reserve is to achieve maximum employment at stable prices. It has interpreted the latter to mean an inflation rate of 2 percent. For decades, the Fed has used the benchmark interest rate it controls to target that inflation rate, and it's done so by trying to keep actual unemployment close to its estimate of what's called the natural rate of unemployment — a rate below which it was believed inflation would spiral up.
The problem is that the core relationship behind this model — the negative correlation between unemployment and inflation — has been weakening for years, and with it any ability to reliably estimate the natural unemployment rate. Moreover, as Powell acknowledged, there's been an asymmetry: Because the estimates of the natural rate have been too high, the Fed has often intervened in the direction of raising or failing to cut interest rates.
The cost of this asymmetry has been steep. Since 2009, the average of the Fed's natural rate estimate has been about 5 percent. As Powell stressed, we can't accurately identify the natural rate of unemployment, but suppose it's actually 3.5 percent. Targeting 5 percent unemployment when we could achieve 3.5 percent with little risk of spiraling inflation would mean 2.4 million people unnecessarily out of work. Even targeting the Fed's current natural rate (4.2 percent) would sacrifice a million potential workers to the altar of an empirically elusive concept.
And the unemployed are just one subgroup that gets hurt in such a scenario. Much research has shown that in slack labor markets, middle- and low-wage earners lack the bargaining clout they have in tight labor markets. As such, they face lower pay, fewer hours of work, higher poverty, and wider racial economic gaps.
By contrast, high-income households are little affected — which means that labor market slack can deepen inequality. The figure below, from a recent paper by Keith Bentele and me, shows the acceleration — the difference between wage growth in strong versus weak labor markets — for real annual earnings.
For low-income workers, we found earnings rose at about a 2 percent annual pace in hot labor markets and fell at about a 4 percent pace in cool ones (the difference, 6 percent, is the first bar). Clearly, the benefits of moving from slack to taut conditions are much more important for low- than for high-earning households.
Such are the costs of over-estimating the natural rate.
Source: Jared Bernstein and Keith Bentele
2) Everybody wins with globalization
Back in the 1990s, when the Clinton administration was trying to sell NAFTA, the view that expanded trade was virtually all upside began to pervade the rhetoric and politics of both parties. They were supported by economic arguments that exporting industries would expand into markets and add new jobs, and consumers would have cheaper goods. By dint of their superior productivity, US manufacturers and their communities wouldn't be hurt. Any disruption to workers' livelihoods was either dismissed as an impossibility or placed under the antiseptic rubric of "transition costs."
This excerpt from the 1994 economic report of the president nicely captures the zeitgeist:
As economists have long predicted, freer trade has been a win-win strategy for both the United States and its trading partners, allowing all to reap the benefits of enhanced specialization, lower costs, greater choice, and an improved international climate for investment and innovation. American industries—both their workers and their owners—have benefited from increased export markets and from cheaper imported inputs. American consumers have been able to purchase a wider variety of products at lower prices than they could have without the expansion of trade.
When pressed as to how expanded trade could truly be "win-win," advocates like Clinton's economics team above cited the economic theory of comparative advantage: When trading partners produce what they're best at producing, both countries will come out ahead.
But the theory never said expanded trade would be win-win for all. Instead, it (and its more contemporary extensions) explicitly said that expanded trade generates winners and losers, and that the latter would be our blue-collar production workers exposed to international competition. True, the theory maintained (correctly in my view) that the benefits to the winners were large enough to offset the costs to the losers and still come out ahead. But as trade between nations expanded, policymakers quickly forgot about the need to compensate for the losses.
The era of free trade eventually led to large trade deficits with countries with comparatively productive factories to ours but with much lower wages, most notably Mexico and China. As in every other advanced economy, the share of US manufacturing employment had long been drifting down. But the number of US factor jobs held pretty constant around 17 million — until around 2000, when, over the next decade, almost 6 million such jobs were lost. Economists who've studied the period now refer to it as "the China Shock."
Once again, these impacts didn't just translate into just job losses; wages were hit, too. Between the late 1940s and the late 1970s, when production workers were relatively insulated from foreign competition, blue-collar manufacturing compensation more than doubled. By contrast, it's grown only 5 percent since then.
Did the winners from trade — the multinational corporations that relocated production, the finance sector that made the deals, the retailers that profited from "the China price" — compensate the losers? Of course not. They argued that "everyday low prices" were reward enough.
But not only did the winners fail to help the losers — say, through serious employment-replacement programs, robust safety net assistance, direct job creation, and investments to make our manufacturers more competitive — they instead used their winnings to invest in politicians to cut their taxes and write ever more trade deals favoring investors over workers.
Let me be very clear. Both the US and developing countries have significantly benefitted from global trade. But because of the demonstrably false view that free trade is all upside — win-win — considerable economic pain has been meted out, pain that has not been met with anything approaching an adequate policy response.
3) Deep budget deficits will crowd out private investment
For decades, economists argued that when the federal government runs a budget deficit, it pushes up interest rates and slows economic growth. It's a theory known as "crowd-out," suggesting government borrowing from a relatively fixed stock of loanable capital crowds out private borrowing, which in turn raises the cost of capital — i.e., the interest rate.
But this is yet another relationship that has failed to hold up, though not before its adherents created considerable hardship, both here and even more so in Europe, through austere budget policy in the wake of the Great Recession. The belief in this idea prompted policymakers to reduce government spending to avoid alleged crowd-out effects well before the private sector had recovered and could generate enough growth on its own.
There were certainly periods in the past when crowd-out did indeed appear in the data. The 1970s and early 1980s saw larger budget deficits (i.e., more negative) and higher interest rates. But since then, deficits have swung significantly up and down while interest rates have consistently drifted down.
Most recently, we've been posting very large budget deficits given the state of the economy (due to both deficit-financed tax cuts and spending) and interest rates are nonetheless hitting historic lows — precisely the opposite of crowd-out predictions.
Source: Federal Reserve and Bureau of Economic Analysis
This all sounds pretty abstract, but it has stark implications on the ground. Based on the deeply embedded notion (at the time) that the deficits built up in the Great Recession needed to come down quickly, the federal government pivoted to deficit reduction well before our private sector had recovered.
As a member of the Obama economic team at the time, I can confirm that crowd-out fears were a motivation for the pivot. According to this analysis by the Brooking's Institute, between 2011 and 2014, fiscal policy cut about 1 percentage point per year from real GDP growth. Based on the historical correlation between growth and jobs, this austerity added 2 points to the unemployment rate in those years, or about 3 million jobs.
I tend not to give Trump a lot of credit for economic policy, and I believe his tax cut will exacerbate inequality and rob the Treasury of needed revenue. But the fiscal economics of Trump's tax cuts are revealing in ways that relate both to crowd-out and the natural rate of unemployment. As noted, deficits are up and interest rates are down. Meanwhile, the positive fiscal boost has helped drive the unemployment rate down to 50-year lows while inflation remains low and stable. These developments clearly undermine long-held economic doctrines, and they've been a boon to working families.
That said, a final point must be underscored: The absence of crowd-out doesn't mean deficits no longer matter. Even with low rates, we'll still be devoting more tax revenue to financing our debt, and even more worrisome is the fact that we're almost certain to enter the next recession with a debt-to-GDP ratio that's twice that of the historical norm. This will likely lead Congress to be more timid in fighting the next recession. But this is a political constraint, not an economic one.
4) A higher minimum wage will only hurt workers
Another big mistake with lasting consequences has been the assumption that minimum wage increases will hurt their intended beneficiaries: low-wage workers.
The theory is that free markets set an "equilibrium" wage that perfectly matches supply and demand given employers needs and workers' capabilities. Force that equilibrium wage up and rampant unemployment will result.
When I was coming up in the profession, our textbooks argued that believing minimum wages could help low-wage workers was akin to believing that water flowed uphill. Their message was particularly comforting to conservative politicians who wanted to protect the profits of employers of low-wage workers.
Today, decades of high-quality research (much of it initiated by the late, great economist Alan Krueger) have introduced a much more nuanced view about the true impacts of minimum-wage hikes. But years of economists' opposition to the policy have left us with a national minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, a level far too low to support the many families that depend on the minimum wage. (Another myth was that only teenagers earned the minimum; David Cooper's work shows the main beneficiaries of higher minimum wages are working adults.)
How the consensus began to change is instructive. To their credit, some state policymakers decided to ignore the economists and raise minimum wages in their states. This provided researchers like Krueger with quasi-natural experiments of a type too rare in economics. The positive results of these studies led many more states and cities to raise their wage floors (29 states plus DC now have minimums above the federal level), and this fed back into the experimental research, creating a powerful loop.
Summarizing a large and still contentious body of research, a fair conclusion is that, conditional on their magnitude, minimum wage increases accomplish their goal of raising pay for low-wage workers without large job-loss effects. But the broader point is that an economic relationship believed to be steadfast was tested and was found wanting.
The changing consensus can be seen in a new report from the Congressional Budget Office — a bastion of mainstream economics — that found an increase in the minimum wage to $15, phased in by 2025, would benefit 27.3 million workers, with an average gain of $1,500 per year, reduce the number of the poor by 1.3 million, but also cut employment of affected workers by 1.3 million. Yes, some would lose jobs, but so many more would benefit — hardly the "everybody loses" prediction that prevailed among economists for decades.
What all these economic mistakes have in common
Pegging the "natural rate" too high, ignoring the harm from exposure to international competition, austere budget policy, low and stagnant minimum wages — all of these misunderstood economic relationships have one thing in common.
In every case, the costs fall on the vulnerable: people who depend on full employment to get ahead; blue-collar production workers and communities built around factories; families who suffer from austerity-induced weak recoveries and under-funded safety nets, and who depend on a living wage to make ends meet. These groups are the casualties of faulty economics.
In contrast, the benefits in every case accrue to the wealthy: highly educated workers largely insulated from slack labor markets, executives of outsourcing corporations, the beneficiaries of revenue-losing tax cuts that allegedly require austere budgets, and employers of low-wage workers.
In this regard, there is a clear connection between each one of these mistakes and the rise of economic inequality.
I cannot overemphasize the importance of recognizing who benefits and who loses from these economic mistakes, because that difference is why these mistakes persist. Every one of the wrong assumptions described here benefits conservative causes, from reducing the bargaining clout of wage earners, to strengthening the hand of outsourcers and offshorers, to lowering the labor costs of low-wage employers. These economic assumptions are thus complementary to the conservative agenda and that, in and of themselves, makes them far more enduring than they should be based on the facts.
It is no coincidence that the assumptions are being so rigorously questioned by a new group of highly progressive politicians, like Rep. Ocasio-Cortez. They are making the critical connections in our political economy to challenge old assumptions that have hurt working people for too long. The vast majority of us will be better off for their work.
Jared Bernstein is a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities and was the chief economic adviser to Vice President Joe Biden from 2009 to 2011.
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text:
The Doom Buggy Story
During the development and use of the HROD project (a modified off road lawnmower), a few things started to stand out as big problems; the HROD was slow, could only sit 1 person, and your back hurt after each ride due to the lack of suspension. One afternoon, I asked my good friend Chris if he though it would be worthwhile to put suspension in the HROD. His reply; "You'd be better off just building a whole new vehicle".
I dismissed the idea as impossible at first due to its obvious overwhelming size and complexity, but the seed was planted.
Not long after that, with newly learned CAD skills, I started to draw up the "ideal" buggy. We quickly set some must haves which, as Chris could tell you, at length, would come back to haunt us later like 18" ground clearance with 18" of suspension travel. Naturally, after we saw the buggy modeled in 3D on the computer monitor we had to build it. Something that cool couldn't possibly be left only in ink on paper or bits on a hard drive for the rest of our lives.
For the next 3 years, Chris, Nate & myself worked on the buggy. The buggy project actually changed my college major; when the project started I was pursuing a B.S. in mechanical engineering, but it didn't take very long for me to realize that my niche was as an engineering tech. I was much more oriented to the hands-on than the world of book-based engineering would allow. Chris, however, was in his element with a TI-89 calculator and an equation rather than a welder and a lathe.
As in the real world, I would do the initial design and then pass it off to Chris, who would analyze my design and tell me everything was wrong. Of course Chris, an engineer at heart, would then suggest a number of possible solutions which would be theoretically ideal, but inevitably too difficult or expensive to make. We would spend hours and hours, sometimes even days or weeks, going back and forth until a compromise could be found or one of us gave up. This scenario didn't happen once or twice - it happened hundreds of times. Everything from the glorious goals of suspension travel & ground clearance to what color the final product should be. Every detail was postulated, refuted, debated, and worked.
This was not a battle of ego's - it was two friends/professionals using what skills each knew best to try to push the other farther and farther toward making something that both would be proud of. Often overkill for the result - discussing for hours what color the a-arms should be? - but it demonstrates the thought put into every component.
The project became more then just a buggy; it became an investment in knowledge and a quest to apply that knowledge. Many parts had to be custom made, so I had to learn the skills required to fabricate each one. This meant becoming a skilled designer,
machinist, welder, mechanic, and businessman. I quickly learned to design parts which were easy to manufacture, seeing as I had to make them myself. Anyone can design something on the computer, but designing a part that can be made is an essential skill that can be forgotten.
Chris, a structural engineer, also took on a lot of self-teaching. Chris knew more about mechanical engineering in 2 years of the buggy project than most mechanical engineers will by graduation. Without doubt, Chris and his calculator are the glue which hold all my parts together. Even while spending a summer thousands of miles away in Arizona, he would help me figure out buggy designs over the phone. Chris' ability to prove or disprove designs or ideas before actually making them became very important when the parts got more complicated & expensive. You learn quickly that the result of an equation on a piece of paper cost a lot less than throwing a part in the trash when it fails.
Nate, to sum it up, is our welder. Though I welded a lot of the fame myself, Nate was always there to do the important stuff. I would give him a print & a pile of tubing and a week later 4 perfect a-arms would come back. Nate came through time and time again, fabricating all 8 a-arms, as well as countless other pieces used in the buggy. He also had many contacts in the metal fab industry which helped us get parts laser or plasma cut which couldn't have been made any other way.
Another achievement in the buggy project was the discipline of documentation. With any long term project you can't possibly remember every detail or idea along the way, especially if you stop working on it for a month or so to study for finals. We quickly realized that by keeping good notes and documenting our ideas, the amount of time that it took to get back into the groove when we stared again was greatly reduced. We would also set pretty aggressive deadlines, which taught me how to schedule work in a short period of time. This technique paid off big when I used it to organize my senior project class, which got us back on schedule and finished the project on time.
I don't have the time to go through every problem and solution we encountered during the project, but I can say one thing. Chris and Nate would agree that even when a project looks to complicated, it's not. When the problem looks unsolvable, it's not, and when you think it's finished, it's not.


text:
/* ###
 * IP: GHIDRA
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package ghidra.app.plugin.core.processors;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.swing.*;

import org.junit.*;

import docking.ComponentProvider;
import docking.DialogComponentProvider;
import docking.action.DockingActionIf;
import ghidra.app.context.ListingActionContext;
import ghidra.app.plugin.core.codebrowser.CodeBrowserPlugin;
import ghidra.app.plugin.core.disassembler.DisassemblerPlugin;
import ghidra.app.services.GoToService;
import ghidra.app.services.ProgramManager;
import ghidra.framework.plugintool.Plugin;
import ghidra.framework.plugintool.PluginTool;
import ghidra.program.database.ProgramBuilder;
import ghidra.program.model.address.Address;
import ghidra.program.model.lang.Language;
import ghidra.program.model.listing.Instruction;
import ghidra.program.model.listing.Program;
import ghidra.program.util.AddressFieldLocation;
import ghidra.test.AbstractGhidraHeadedIntegrationTest;
import ghidra.test.TestEnv;
import ghidra.util.ManualEntry;

/**
 * Tests the {@link ShowInstructionInfoPlugin} class.
 *
 *
 */
public class ShowInstructionInfoPluginTest extends AbstractGhidraHeadedIntegrationTest {
	private static final String startAddressString = "1000000";
	private static final String beyondAddressString = "100000a";
	private static final byte[] BYTES =
		new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, 0x15, 0x10, 0x32, 0x00, 0x01, (byte) 0xff, 0x75, 0x14, 0x5f };

	private TestEnv env;
	private PluginTool tool;
	private ProgramBuilder builder;
	private Program program;
	private ShowInstructionInfoPlugin plugin;
	private CodeBrowserPlugin cb;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {

		env = new TestEnv();
		tool = env.getTool();
		tool.addPlugin(CodeBrowserPlugin.class.getName());
		tool.addPlugin(DisassemblerPlugin.class.getName());
		tool.addPlugin(ShowInstructionInfoPlugin.class.getName());

		plugin = env.getPlugin(ShowInstructionInfoPlugin.class);
		cb = env.getPlugin(CodeBrowserPlugin.class);
		env.showTool();

		builder = new ProgramBuilder("test", ProgramBuilder._X86);
		builder.createMemory(".text", startAddressString, 0x1000);
		builder.setBytes(startAddressString, BYTES);
		builder.disassemble(startAddressString, BYTES.length);
		program = builder.getProgram();
		ProgramManager pm = tool.getService(ProgramManager.class);
		pm.openProgram(program.getDomainFile());
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		env.dispose();
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetProcessorManualEntry() throws Exception {

		changeLocationToAddress(beyondAddressString);

		ManualEntry manualEntry = plugin.locateManualEntry(null, null);
		assertNull(manualEntry);

		ListingActionContext context = getCurrentContext();
		Instruction currentInstruction = plugin.getInstructionForContext(context);
		assertNull("The current Instruction is not null as expected", currentInstruction);

		// now try the calling the method with an invalid Instruction -
		Language language = program.getLanguage();
		manualEntry = plugin.locateManualEntry(context, language);
		assertNotNull(manualEntry);
		assertNull(manualEntry.getPageNumber()); // default entry has no page number

		// now move to a valid Instruction to test that condition
		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000000");
		assertNotNull("Found a null Instruction at a point in the program " +
			"where we expected a valid Instruction.", currentInstruction);

		// now try the calling the method with an valid Instruction
		context = getCurrentContext();
		manualEntry = plugin.locateManualEntry(context, language);
		assertNotNull(manualEntry);
		assertNotNull(manualEntry.getPageNumber());
	}

//	@Test
	public void testShowProcessorManual_ErrorDialog() throws Exception {

		// FIXME: This test is bogus and needs to be corrected by refering to
		// an instruction whose manual is missing.  Test apepars to work with
		// CI test environment because none of the manuals are found

		changeLocationToAddress(beyondAddressString);

		Language language = program.getLanguage();
		ListingActionContext context = getCurrentContext();
		context = getCurrentContext();
		callGetUrl(context, language);
		DialogComponentProvider dialog = waitForDialogComponent("Missing Processor Manual");
		close(dialog);
	}

	@Test
	public void testInstructionInfo() throws Exception {
		// test the models to make sure no errors are encountered on valid
		// and invalid instructions by exercising the Java model's public
		// API

		changeLocationToAddress(beyondAddressString);

		// get the action that will show the window for the Instruction info
		DockingActionIf infoAction = getAction(plugin, "Show Instruction Info");
		// show the window
		performAction(infoAction, cb.getProvider(), true);

		// make sure we are at an invalid Instruction
		ListingActionContext context = getCurrentContext();
		Instruction currentInstruction =
			(Instruction) invokeInstanceMethod("getInstructionForContext", plugin,
				new Class[] { ListingActionContext.class }, new Object[] { context });
		// make sure that the current instruction is null
		assertNull("The current Instruction is not null as expected.", currentInstruction);
		assertTrue(
			"The tables of the component provider have data even " +
				"though there is not Instruction selected in the proram.",
			!componentProviderTablesHaveData());

		// change to a valid instruction
		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000000");
		assertNotNull("Found a null Instruction at a point in the program " +
			"where we expected a valid Instruction.", currentInstruction);

		// make sure that there is some data
		Object[] data = getComponentProviderTableData(true);
		assertTrue(
			"There is not data in the component provider " +
				"even though there is a valid instruction selected in the " + "program",
			componentProviderTablesHaveData());

		// verify dynamic update has changed the window's contents
		ComponentProvider componentProvider = getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin();
		JComponent comp = componentProvider.getComponent();

		final JCheckBox dynamicCheckBox = findComponent(comp, JCheckBox.class);
		// make sure dynamic update is enabled
		if (!dynamicCheckBox.isSelected()) {
			runSwing(() -> dynamicCheckBox.doClick());
		}

		// change to another valid Instruction
		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000006");
		assertNotNull("Found a null Instruction at a point in the program " +
			"where we expected a valid Instruction.", currentInstruction);

		Object[] newData = getComponentProviderTableData(true);
		boolean differentData = !(data[0].equals(newData[0]) && data[1].equals(newData[1]));
		assertTrue("The data of the component provider is not different " +
			"than it was after changing instructions.", differentData);

		// verify the Instruction data is that of the Instruction
		// selected in the plugin
		verifyAddressWithTableModels(currentInstruction.getMinAddress(), true, true);

		// turn off dynamic update
		runSwing(() -> dynamicCheckBox.doClick());

		// change to another valid Instruction
		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000009");
		assertNotNull("Found a null Instruction at a point in the program " +
			"where we expected a valid Instruction.", currentInstruction);

		// verify that the contents have NOT changed
		Object[] newData2 = getComponentProviderTableData(false);
		differentData = data[0].equals(newData2[0]) && data[1].equals(newData2[1]);
		assertTrue("The data of the component provider is different " +
			"than it was after changing instructions even though dynamic " + "update is disabled.",
			!differentData);

		// verify the Instruction data is NOT that of the Instruction
		// selected in the plugin
		verifyAddressWithTableModels(currentInstruction.getMinAddress(), false, false);

		// Now test moving from a valid, non-decompiled address will cause
		// the update of the display when the decompilation process takes
		// place

		// turn dynamic update back on
		runSwing(() -> dynamicCheckBox.doClick());

		// move to a valid location that has yet to be disassembled
		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000ffe");
		assertNull("The current Instruction is not null when the selected " +
			"program address has not been disassembled.", currentInstruction);

		// make sure there are no contents in the display
		assertTrue(
			"The tables of the component provider have data even " +
				"though there is not Instruction selected in the proram.",
			!componentProviderTablesHaveData());

		// decompile at the location
		Plugin disassemblePlugin = env.getPlugin(DisassemblerPlugin.class);
		DockingActionIf disassembleAction = getAction(disassemblePlugin, "Disassemble");
		performAction(disassembleAction, cb.getProvider(), false);
		waitForBusyTool(tool);
		waitForTasks();
		waitForProgram(program);

		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000ffe");
		assertNotNull("Found a null Instruction at a point in the program " +
			"where we expected a valid Instruction.", currentInstruction);

		// make sure that the contents now display the current Instruction
		assertTrue("There is not data in the component provider even " +
			"though there is a valid instruction selected in the " + "program after we decompile.",
			componentProviderTablesHaveData());

		currentInstruction = changeLocationToAddress("01000ffe");
		context = getCurrentContext();
		// verify the Instruction data is that of the Instruction
		// selected in the plugin
		currentInstruction = (Instruction) invokeInstanceMethod("getInstructionForContext", plugin,
			new Class[] { ListingActionContext.class }, new Object[] { context });
	}

	@Test
	public void testCloseProgram() throws Exception {
		changeLocationToAddress("01000000");

		// get the action that will show the window for the Instruction info
		DockingActionIf infoAction = getAction(plugin, "Show Instruction Info");
		// show the window
		performAction(infoAction, cb.getProvider(), true);

		ComponentProvider componentProvider = getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin();
		JComponent comp = componentProvider.getComponent();

		final JCheckBox dynamicCheckBox = findComponent(comp, JCheckBox.class);
		// turn off the checkbox
		runSwing(() -> dynamicCheckBox.setSelected(false));

		changeLocationToAddress("01000006");
		performAction(infoAction, cb.getProvider(), true);

		List<?> list = getDisconnectedProviderList();
		assertEquals(1, list.size());
		assertNotNull(getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin());

		final ProgramManager pm = tool.getService(ProgramManager.class);
		runSwing(() -> pm.closeProgram());
		list = getDisconnectedProviderList();
		//should only be the dynamic provider left
		assertEquals(0, list.size());
	}

	@Test
	public void testUpdates() throws Exception {
		// display a provider, clear the instruction,
		// make sure the the provider is cleared, etc.

		changeLocationToAddress("01000000");

		// get the action that will show the window for the Instruction info
		DockingActionIf infoAction = getAction(plugin, "Show Instruction Info");
		// show the window
		performAction(infoAction, cb.getProvider(), true);
		ComponentProvider provider = getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin();

		clearAt100000();

		assertNull(((InstructionInfoProvider) provider).getInstruction());
		assertTrue(!componentProviderTablesHaveData());
	}

	private void clearAt100000() {
		int transactionID = program.startTransaction("Test");
		Address start = addr(0x01000000);
		Instruction inst = program.getListing().getInstructionAt(start);
		try {
			program.getListing().clearCodeUnits(start, inst.getMaxAddress(), false);
		}
		finally {
			program.endTransaction(transactionID, true);
		}

		waitForProgram(program);
	}

	@Test
	public void testUndoRedo() throws Exception {
		String addrString = "01000000";
		changeLocationToAddress(addrString);

		// get the action that will show the window for the Instruction info
		DockingActionIf infoAction = getAction(plugin, "Show Instruction Info");
		// show the window
		performAction(infoAction, cb.getProvider(), true);
		ComponentProvider provider = getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin();

		clearAt100000();
		assertNull(((InstructionInfoProvider) provider).getInstruction());

		// undo
		undo(program);

		verifyAddressWithTableModels(addr(0x1000000), true, true);

		// redo
		redo(program);

		assertNull(((InstructionInfoProvider) provider).getInstruction());
		assertTrue(!componentProviderTablesHaveData());
	}

	private void callGetUrl(ListingActionContext context, Language language) {
		runSwing(() -> {

			try {
				plugin.getValidUrl(context, language);
			}
			catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}, false);
	}

	/**
	 * Moves the program location to the given address and returns the
	 * instruction at that location.
	 *
	 * @param addressString The address location to move to.
	 * @return The instruction at the new location or null if there is no
	 *         instruction.
	 */
	private Instruction changeLocationToAddress(String addressString) throws Exception {
		CodeBrowserPlugin cbp = env.getPlugin(CodeBrowserPlugin.class);
		final Address address = program.getAddressFactory().getAddress(addressString);
		final GoToService goToService = tool.getService(GoToService.class);
		runSwing(() -> goToService.goTo(new AddressFieldLocation(program, address)));

		waitForPostedSwingRunnables();
		cbp.updateNow();

		ListingActionContext context =
			(ListingActionContext) cbp.getProvider().getActionContext(null);
		return (Instruction) invokeInstanceMethod("getInstructionForContext", plugin,
			new Class[] { ListingActionContext.class }, new Object[] { context });
	}

	private ListingActionContext getCurrentContext() {
		CodeBrowserPlugin cbp = env.getPlugin(CodeBrowserPlugin.class);
		return (ListingActionContext) cbp.getProvider().getActionContext(null);
	}

	private Address addr(long offset) {
		return program.getMinAddress().getNewAddress(offset);
	}

	/**
	 * Tests the addresses of the table models of the "Instruction Info" dialog.
	 * The method will fail the current test if the result is not as
	 * expected by the caller of this method.  For example, if
	 * <tt>expectedSame</tt> is true, then the method expects the values to
	 * be the same when compared with the given address and will fail if
	 * they are not.  If <tt>expectedSame</tt> is false, then the method will
	 * fail if the test values are the same.
	 *
	 * @param instructionAddress The address to compare against the address
	 *        stored in the table model of the dialog.
	 * @param expectedSame True means a match is expected; false means a
	 *        match is not expected.
	 */
	private void verifyAddressWithTableModels(Address instructionAddress, boolean fromConnected,
			boolean expectedSame) {
		ComponentProvider provider = fromConnected ? getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin()
				: getFirstDisconnectedProviderFromPlugin();

		JTextArea instructionText = (JTextArea) getInstanceField("instructionText", provider);
		JTable opTable = (JTable) getInstanceField("opTable", provider);

		// get the instruction address from each table model and make sure that
		// it is the same as the current instruction
		String stateString = expectedSame ? "is not" : "is";
		String text = instructionText.getText();

		String address = instructionAddress.toString(true);
		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Address\\s*:\\s*" + address);
		Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
		boolean comparisonResult = matcher.find();

		// if the caller of this method expects the results to be NOT equal,
		// then toggle the comparison result
		if (!expectedSame) {
			comparisonResult = !comparisonResult;
		}

		assertTrue("The address of the mnemonic table " + stateString +
			" the same as that of the current program instruction.", comparisonResult);

		Instruction opInstr = (Instruction) getInstanceField("instruction", opTable.getModel());
		comparisonResult = instructionAddress.equals(opInstr.getMinAddress());

		if (!expectedSame) {
			comparisonResult = !comparisonResult;
		}

		assertTrue("The address of the op table " + stateString +
			" the same as that of the current program instruction.", comparisonResult);
	}

	/**
	 * A simple method to test that the tables of the "Instruction Info"
	 * dialog contain data.
	 *
	 * @return True if either of the tables have data.
	 */
	private boolean componentProviderTablesHaveData() {
		Object[] data = getComponentProviderTableData(true);

		return ((data[0] != null) && !"-- No Instruction --".equals(data[0])) || (data[1] != null);
	}

	/**
	 * Gets data from the two tables of the "Instruction Info" dialog.
	 *
	 * @return data from the two tables of the "Instruction Info" dialog.
	 */
	private Object[] getComponentProviderTableData(boolean fromConnected) {
		ComponentProvider provider = fromConnected ? getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin()
				: getFirstDisconnectedProviderFromPlugin();

		JTextArea instructionText = (JTextArea) getInstanceField("instructionText", provider);
		JTable opTable = (JTable) getInstanceField("opTable", provider);

		Object[] data = new Object[2];

		// the following two values are based upon the objString() method of
		// each table model
		data[0] = instructionText.getText();
		data[1] = opTable.getColumnCount() != 0 ? opTable.getValueAt(6, 0) : null;

		return data;
	}

	private ComponentProvider getFirstDisconnectedProviderFromPlugin() {
		List<?> disconnectedProviderList = getDisconnectedProviderList();
		return (ComponentProvider) disconnectedProviderList.get(0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the current ComponentProvider in use by the plugin.
	 *
	 * @return the current ComponentProvider in use by the plugin.
	 */
	private ComponentProvider getCurrentComponentProviderFromPlugin() {

		return (ComponentProvider) getInstanceField("connectedProvider", plugin);
	}

	private List<?> getDisconnectedProviderList() {
		return (List<?>) getInstanceField("disconnectedProviders", plugin);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Indonesia's state-owned airline Merpati Nusantara Airlines will sell between 30 and 35 per cent of its shares to domestic or foreign investors. The government in Jakarta has said it wants to sell a stake because the airline has amassed debts of about $603 million and is in need of new funds to restructure its business model.
Last year, the airline carried 2.1 million passengers, far less than its Indonesian competitors. However, it is a major domestic airline with a strong brand and operating scheduled services to more than 25 destinations in Indonesia including more remote regions, as well as scheduled international services to East Timor and Malaysia.
In comparison, in 2012 Lion Air carried 23.9 million, Garuda 14.1 million, Sriwijaya Air 8.1 million, and Batavia Air 6 million.
Merpati Nusantara Airlines is currently banned from operating in European airspace. The ban was imposed by the European Commission in consultation with member states' aviation authorities after Merpati Nusantara Airlines was found unsafe to conduct operations anywhere in European airspace.
In 2012, the airline received a capital injection from the government of $60.7 million.


This is one of my favourite recipes and it's not even mine damn it! It's easy, full of flavour and has a sneaky little courgette in there. Grated, the courgette does an excellent job of soaking up flavour and bulking out the dish without stealing the limelight from the tomato. Although I'm not a huge fan of the courgette really, I think of them as the slimy wet brother of the cucumber, nothing worse than an over cooked courgette, oh wait there is and it's called Halloween.
Maybe I'd like Halloween a bit more if I actually got invited to some fun Halloween parties but saying that we all know Halloween parties, especially fancy dress ones, are full of wankers. Also, what would I even go as? These days you have to be all 'cool' and go as Kim Kardashian's naked selfie or Eleven from Stranger Things. Can't I just go as a slutty cat like I used to when I was 16? To be fair that may have been the only Halloween party I ever went to… I'm sensing I need to get out more.
1. Half the cherry tomatoes and put in a large saucepan with the olive oil and 1 tsp of oregano. Cook on a medium heat for 5 minutes until softened.
2. Add the tomato purée, chilli, garlic, grated courgette and season with salt and pepper. Cook on a medium to low heat with the lid on for a further 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
3. Meanwhile, cook the rigatoni in a large pot of salted boiling water (follow packet instructions).
4. Drain the pasta and pour straight into the sauce. Stir well before adding the chopped basil and the crumbled feta cheese. Stir again until combined and the cheese starts to melt. Serve topped with a drizzle of extra virgin olive oil and a good crack of pepper.
Great picture and it looks seriously delicious!


text:
La cokerie de L'Hôpital-Carling, aussi dite cokerie du puits 6 de L'Hôpital ou cokerie de Carling, est une cokerie française. Elle était située en grande partie sur le territoire de la commune de Saint-Avold mais éloignée de cette ville de près de 6 km. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle a été intégralement rattachée par l'occupant allemand à l'administration de la commune de L'Hôpital (Moselle) alors appelée Spittel et ce de 1941 à 1948-49. Le siège social de l'actuelle société Cokes de Carling SAS est établi à Carling, rue de L'Hôpital.

Histoire

Les activités industrielles du site ont débuté en 1893 sous l'administration prussienne par la société des houillères « Saar und Mosel » (Sarre et Moselle) grâce au forçage du puits VI de L'Hôpital et par l'exploitation de la houille. Le site comprenait alors les installations d'extraction du charbon et de pompage des eaux, un lavoir, une gare et une briqueterie. En 1904 l'on construit la première batterie de fours de cokéfaction et les activités de cette nouvelle cokerie vont se développer dès 1905. C'est la première cokerie du Bassin Houiller Lorrain et elle est alors appelée Kokerei Schacht 6 (cokerie du puits 6) ou Kokerei von Spittel-in-Lothringen  (cokerie de L'Hôpital-en-Lorraine). Elle passe à l'administration française dès la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale et fonctionne jusqu'au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.  Ses fours étant éteints, l'occupant allemand tente de relancer son activité durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

À partir de 1946 et jusqu'au , elle devient une unité d'exploitation des Houillères du Bassin de Lorraine (Groupe Charbonnages de France) et prend le nom de "Cokerie de Carling". L'un des bâtiments principaux de la cokerie, construit dans les années 1960, mesurait 120 m de long,  40 m de haut et 15 m de large et était jouxté de deux tours à charbon et d'une station de mélange. C'était la seule cokerie au monde à pouvoir mettre des batteries en veille et fournissait le meilleur coke de fonderie d'Europe.

En mai 2003, dans un courrier  adressé au sénateur mosellan Jean-Louis Masson, Nicole Fontaine, secrétaire d'Etat à l'Industrie, laisse présager la fermeture de la cokerie à l'horizon 2004. De nombreuses manifestations sont organisées par les salariés, des routes d'accès sont bloquées.

Le , la cokerie est reprise par la société allemande ROGESA (Roheisen Geselschaft Saar), une filiale commune formée par les entreprises sidérurgiques sarroises Dillinger Hütte et Saarstahl AG, et prend le nom de "Cokes de Carling SAS", une société par actions de droit français, immatriculée à Sarreguemines au  sous le numéro d'enregistrement 452  611 635 et ayant un capital initial de 10 millions d'euros. 18 millions d'euros sont programmés pour la protection de l'environnement et de la modernisation des installations. Elle compte alors 650 emplois (500 directs et 150 en sous-traitance).

En 2009, 400 000 tonnes de stock de coke invendu s'accumulent à la cokerie. La société ROGESA cherche un repreneur : « Rogesa a acquis la cokerie en 2003 pour alimenter ses trois hauts-fourneaux sarrois, dont la production a reculé de 40 % au cours des derniers mois. Il est impossible d'entasser indéfiniment du coke qui ne se vend plus », explique Michel Escoin, alors président de la société. Après d'importantes manifestations organisées par les salariés la cokerie est définitivement arrêtée en . Elle employait à sa fermeture 400 salariés et près de 700 sous-traitants.

À l'instar des installations sidérurgiques de Völklingen inscrites au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO, les installations auraient pu être classées mais au regard de l'importance de la pollution du site, cette démarche n'a pas été entreprise.
Le , le site industriel de la cokerie de Carling est signalé dans "l'Atlas des zones polluées par le PCB" (polychlorobiphényles). L'Atlas présente les informations tirées de la base de données BASOL sur les sites et sols pollués, de la base nationale de données BASIAS qui regroupe les inventaires historiques régionaux d'activités industrielles et de services susceptibles d'avoir engendré une pollution de l'environnement et la base de données ARIA du Bureau d'Analyse des Risques et Pollutions Industrielles (BARPI). Les sols  du site (qui s'étend sur plus de 50 ha) sont perméables et gréseux et contiennent 20 000 fois plus de benzène que ce qui est autorisé.

Le site étant fortement pollué, l'arrêté préfectoral du 20/06/2011 impose à la société Cokes de Carling SAS :
 la mise en œuvre de mesures nécessaires à la limitation de l'extension de la pollution ;
 la définition d'un programme de surveillance de la pollution.

En 2012, Yves Herrmann succède à la direction de Michel Escoin à la tête de "Cokes de Carling SAS" et supervise la déconstruction du site.

La déconstruction, commencée en  durera jusqu'au début de l'année 2014, date à laquelle sera entreprise la dépollution du site. Le site s'étend sur 50 ha et représente plus de 100 000 tonnes de gravats et plus de 30 000 tonnes de ferraille à évacuer. Les travaux ont été confiés à l'entreprise de démolition "Wanty SAS", filiale d'un groupe belge. Les 30 000 tonnes de ferraille dégagées sont récupérées par la société sarroise ROGESA pour ses aciéries électriques et convertisseurs de Dillingen. L'ensemble des travaux est estimé à plus de 20 M € .

Production
La cokerie était équipée en 2004 de deux unités de fours droits, Carling 2 et Carling 3, d'une capacité globale de production de  de coke par an.
 Carling 2 : 86 fours-batteries 21 et 22 fonctionnant en pilonné ou préchauffé. Production de /jour en pilonné ou /jour en préchauffé.
 Carling 3 : 120 fours fonctionnant en pilonné. Production /jour.
 Un four tournant : production /jour.
 des installations annexes de traitement et de stockage de benzols, goudrons, acides, etc.

Une lagune de  a été exploitée de 1938 à 1990 : les eaux ammoniacales et polluées de la cokerie transitaient par cette lagune avant d'être rejetées dans la Merle (ruisseau), ce qui faisait de ce cours d'eau l'un des plus pollués de France. On estime que durant cette période  ont transité par cette lagune. Cette lagune, située sur le territoire de la commune de L'Hôpital au lieu-dit du "Moulin", reste une zone toujours interdite d'accès et sous surveillance.

Personnalités liées à la cokerie

 Charles Jully (1906-1984), né le  à Haguenau, il intégra la cokerie de Carling en tant qu'ingénieur en 1936. Il fut directeur de la cokerie de Carling du premier janvier 1948 à 1963. Il a eu pour mérite de créer un procédé de fabrication du coke à partir du charbon lorrain, relançant par là-même la production de charbon et donnant naissance à la plate-forme chimique de Carling - Saint-Avold. Son procédé qui porte son nom (Technique Jully ou Procédé de Carling) connu un retentissement international et Charles Jully fut nommé conseiller technique des gouvernements de Belgique et du Venezuela, puis supervisa la construction en Inde de cokeries utilisant ce même type de procédé. Ingénieur en génie mécanique, il fit toute sa carrière aux Houillères du Bassin de Lorraine pour terminer comme ingénieur en chef. Il décéda à Strasbourg le . L'une des zones d'activités de Carling, une rue de Carling ainsi que le lycée technologique et professionnel de Saint-Avold portent son nom.
 Michel Escoin (1933-), nommé (par décret du  portant nomination au conseil d'administration des Houillères de bassin du Centre et du Midi) membre du conseil d'administration des Houillères de bassin du Centre et du Midi, au titre de la représentation des Charbonnages de France en remplacement de M. Joseph Bernard ; président directeur général de la nouvelle société "Cokes de Carling SAS" du  à 2012.
 Yves Herrmann (1954-), actuel président et dirigeant de la société "Cokes de Carling SAS".

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 L'Hôpital (Moselle)
 Gare de L'Hôpital-Puits-Neuf
 Carling
 Cokerie centrale de la Sarre

Cokerie en France
Houillères de Lorraine
L'Hôpital (Moselle)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » New Cars » New Car Brands » Mercedes-Benz » Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class Coupe
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Rear aircon No
Lowered comfort suspension by 15mm
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CLA35 AMG 4MATIC (A)
CLA45 S AMG 4MATIC+ (A)
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text:
aesthetic (n.)
1798, from German Ästhetisch (mid-18c.) or French esthétique (which is from German), ultimately from Greek aisthetikos "of or for perception by the senses, perceptive," of things, "perceptible," from aisthanesthai "to perceive (by the senses or by the mind), to feel," from PIE *awis-dh-yo-, from root *au- "to perceive."
Popularized in English by translations of Kant and used originally in the classically correct sense "science which treats of the conditions of sensuous perception" [OED]. Kant had tried to reclaim the word after Alexander Baumgarten had taken it in German to mean "criticism of taste" (1750s), but Baumgarten's sense attained popularity in English c. 1830s (despite scholarly resistance) and freed the word from philosophy. Walter Pater used it (1868) to describe the late 19c. movement that advocated "art for art's sake," which further blurred the sense. [Whewell had proposed callesthetics for "the science of the perception of the beautiful."]
As an adjective by 1798 "of or pertaining to sensual perception;" 1821 as "of or pertaining to appreciation of the beautiful." Related: Aesthetically.
*au-
Aesopic
aesthete
aet.
aetio-


dpa were commissioned to design the lighting for their flagship showroom for the Mini brand in their highly prominent Park Lane location.
The lighting design emphasizes the fun and quirky interior designed by Stubbs Rich Architects. Strong themes within the showroom echo the world famous and much loved British film "The Italian Job" and hence a slightly retrospective slant and nostalgia play an important role. This all adds up to making the showroom a very welcoming and pleasant environment in which to browse and purchase this highly successful reincarnated design icon.
Personality and individuality are key to the Mini philosophy and the lighting reflects this with bespoke self-illuminated signage contrasting with predominantly pitch black wall surfaces. A double height nightscape of London provides a superb backdrop lit by controlled spotlighting.
This showroom is the world's first dedicated Mini showroom which provides a unique and very fitting habitat for these much admired cars and merchandise – in short, a vibrant and colourful retail destination in London's Park Lane.


text:
New Orleans restaurants re-open, cellars depleted or destroyed
Panos Kakaviatos January 13, 2006
Around 436 restaurants in New Orleans have reopened – out of about 1,350 that existed before Hurricane Katrina.
One of the best-known restaurants, the award-winning Brennan's, which was reckoned to have one of the world's best wine cellars, is expected to re-open in April.
But many wine cellars will be nothing like their pre-Katrina strength, mainly due to the ferocious heatwave that followed the flooding last year.
The heatwave destroyed all 35,000 bottles in Brennan's cellar – including irreplaceable treasures such as 1929 Haut Brion, Lafite and Latour, 1897 and 1891 Lafite, and 1945 Lafite and Haut Brion.
'It was depressing in the beginning, but I cannot do anything. When I get that insurance check, I am building a new cellar,' Brennan's sommelier Harry Hill told decanter.com.
Hill admits that the $1m insurance cannot replace all the lost bottles, but he plans to build 'a decent cellar.'
'I have contacts with people in Europe, and we have agents at auction houses. We are going to try to get some older vintages, but I realize it will not be like it was before.'
Jody D'Anna, fine wine buyer for Wines Unlimited, one of the largest distributors in Louisiana, told decanter.com they had lost thousands of cases.
'Our warehouse was not flooded, but the heatwave following a power outage after the hurricane destroyed all 27,000 cases we owned. They ranged from mid-priced American wines to old and rare Bordeaux, bought from London.'
While insurance payments are helping to replace some of the lost wine – the company would not disclose how much was paid – D'Anna said many importers and individual wineries have donated.
'They said that they would like to contribute to the cause. Ten or 12 or 15 cases, for example. There are too many [donors] to list.'
D'Anna said they were seeing 'an upwelling of concern' because suppliers at first stayed away from the market. 'They were afraid of coming back too soon, when people were tied up with personal business.'
Local New Orleans food writer Tom Fitzmorris has launched www.nomenu.com, which monitors re-openings.
Written by Panos Kakaviatos


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This project was completed successfully at a local manufacturing facility. We utilized pipe bursting to replace approximately 130 linear feet of 4-inch diameter piping. Manhole to manhole. This technique was utilized to avoid a shutdown of their facility and minimize the disruption to their manufacturing process and employees. This was an alternative to save time and money in place of a traditional excavation and line replacement project.


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Most years we try to get a November splitboarding mission under our belts ahead of the coming winter season and this year was no different. Early snow had come measured in the meters and after a quick reconnaissance split trip in our local area of Chatel we decided to head on over to the Grand St Bernard area to find some action.
The Great Saint Bernard Pass, in French language named Col du Grand Saint Bernard, runs almost exactly north to south and connects Switzerland, the Canton of Valais in the north, to Italy and the Aosta Valley in the south. The col sits at 2469 m and is the third highest road pass in Switzerland. The Col du Saint Bernard is also famous for its Hospice at its top. Originally founded in 1050 as a refuge for travelers it is still a working monastery but these days mainly operates as a year round refuge. Its a great place to base yourselves in order to explore the area over a period of time and Whitelines Magazine recently named it as one of the best backcountry huts for snowboarding.
The drive from Chatel to St Bernard is just over an hour and ( after a false start the week before due to low cloud ) we arrived in the bottom car park at 9am. The car park sits at around 1800m and doesn't get sun so its always really cold there. With frozen fingers the four of us set up our gear and headed on up the road towards the col with the intention of going up and over to Mont Fourchon (2902m) which is a popular touring spot in the area. Its fun but nothing too gnarly as this was meant to be a pre-season warm up walk after all.
It was a beautiful morning that's for sure and after three quarters of an hour the top layers were coming off. They do say 'be bold, start cold' when it comes to splitboarding but did I mention how cold the car park was?! It was around -5 degrees in the sun and the snow was cold and powdery. As the hospice came into view we began to get sidetracked by the possibility of a different option off to our left which a quick look at the map confirmed as the Pointe de Barrasson.
The carpark had been busy and we figured that most people had headed to where we had originally intended to. With a single skin track snaking off to our left up and through some glistening powder we decided that we would rather take a shorter walk and ride fresh than take a longer one and find it tracked out. The approach to the start of Pointe de Barrasson isn't difficult but it is a long old trudge so on the two hour mark we stopped whilst still in the sun for a quick lunch and to scope out the possibilities.
With lunch eaten we started to make the skin up towards the East face. The approach terrain terrain was steep in places and undulating in others but the snow was good and grippy and we didn't even need to use the heel risers until we got to the start of the slope proper.
Did you know that it is actually illegal to splitboard without a beard?
Halfway up the East face we watched with mixed feelings as two skiers started the descent of our chosen line on the North face. They put in some lovely turns and exited hard right before the cliffs at the bottom. Fair play as the early bird catches the worm! The option was to carry on from where we were and bootpack the ridge or to ride down from where we were. The wind had picked up significantly by then and the prospect of climbing without crampons etc wasn't too appealing so we decided to head on down.
It was ultimately worth the trip. Even though we didn't ride the line we wanted we still had some great turns and cold face shots as the fresh snow was probably 25cm in depth. We still managed to find a rock though! Windlips and other natural features made for some fun riding further on down too.
Back in the car park (still cold!) we drank a beer and packed away our kit before heading back to Chatel. The conditions in the Alps this week are warm. However, the Grand St Bernard isn't too bad right now and we are heading back on Friday to ride that line. We'll let you know how we get on.
@ChristianBrasso @PoldarkTV 8 8 8 8 jours l a h c c of n.


clever, and kind-hearted. They have special sensitivity to art and beauty and are spiritual with a fondness for quiet living. Their nurturing personality make them excellent care-givers. They are wise, gentle and compassionate and cautious in business. It is often the simple things in life that give them the most pleasure. Rams are most compatible with the Rabbit, Pig and Horse.
Ram years are 1919, 1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015.


An incredible new fragrant Begonia which makes the ideal hanging basket plant. Beautiful double yellow flowers produce the scent of sherbet lemon throughout the summer months. As an added bonus the flower petals are edible and can be used as cake decoration.
Plant in a hanging basket or container where they can trail to show off the delightful scented flowers in their full glory.
To keep this plant over winter it must be kept frost free area.
Dig up corms before the first frosts and keep in a cool, frost free area. Replant the following spring.


text:
You Are Here: Home → Gaza ِِAmputees Form First Ever Football Team in Hope to Join World Championships
Gaza ِِAmputees Form First Ever Football Team in Hope to Join World Championships
contact@ifamericansknew.org July 27, 2018 amputation, amputee, deir al balah, football, fouad abu ghalyoun, Gaza, Great March of Return, khaled al mabhouh, soccer
Americans call it "soccer," but the whole world can call it "inspiring." Some of Gaza's 2,500 lower-limb amputees have created a team, and they have their sights set on the World Championship.
By Somaya Harara, the Gaza Post
The idea of forming a Palestinian football team of amputees in the Gaza Strip came to the mind of Fouad Abu Ghalyoun, Chairman of Palestine Football Association for amputees, when he watched a football match held between England and Turkey in 2017; the players of the two teams were all amputees.
"After I watched the match, I seriously thought about it, especially, we have many amputees in the Gaza Strip that lost their legs during the wars and conflict with Israel," Abu Ghalyoon said, adding "I presented the idea to many friends, who encouraged me to form our first ever team in central Gaza Strip city of Deir el-Belah. "
After the football team of amputees was formed on March 30, four months ago, Deir el-Belah Association for Handicapped donated to the team sports wear, crutches and shoes. Abu Ghalyoon said the team of football amputees is still lacking professional crutches and need special training.
A playground that is cultivated with grass and belongs to Deir el-Belah municipality was devoted for training the team's members. The football team that all its members are aged between 13 and 42 years old have either their right or left leg amputated due to being injured during the past three wars Israel waged on the Gaza Strip since 2008.
Khaled al-Mabhouh, the team's coach said that his team consists of 13 players and all have their lower limbs amputated, adding that each one of the players has his own position in the playground and each is using two crutches to move and run in the playground.
"The dream became true when my team's members began their first football rehearsal on March 30 (The Land Day) after contacting the players who were very much enthusiastic to train and play in the team," said al-Mabhouh, adding "training players with one leg is not so easy and needs special kind of exercises."
Al-Mabhouh, who trains 17 football players, with one leg only, said that the process of training the players with one leg "is so difficult," adding "But I feel that the players have a very strong determination to carry on playing. They were shy in the beginning, but I managed to get them out of this feeling."
All the players are from central Gaza Strip, where official figures in the Gaza Strip said that there are more than 2,500 people had one or two of their legs amputated, most of them had their legs amputated after they were injured in the conflict with Israel over the past 20 years.
Gaza Health Ministry said in a statement that since the start of rallies and protests, better called as the "Great Marches of Return" and Defying the Israeli Blockade which started on March 30, around 60 Palestinians had their lower limbs amputated after they had been shot in their legs by Israeli soldiers' gunfire.
Al-Mabhouh said that he has ambitions to form four football teams of amputees in four different areas in the Gaza Strip, adding one has been already formed for central Gaza Strip, one will formed in Khan Younis, one in Rafah, one in Gaza City, and one in northern Gaza Strip.
"We called on many institutions and associations to support and help us. We are still using non-professional tools and equipment in carrying out our exercises," said the coach of them team, adding "We are still using crutches that don't fit at all for the amputees."
Ibrahim Khattab, a 14-year-old teenager who has his foot amputated said ""I am now playing football, which I was deprived of after my foot was amputated in 2014 when I was injured by a rocket fired from an Israeli reconnaissance plane. Today I joined this team and my father encouraged me to do so."
He stressed that his determination to play football, despite amputation, presented for him a challenge, steadfastness, will and love of life.
Hassan Abu Ikrayem, who has his leg amputated in 2007, was assigned the task of protecting the right side of the pitch, to repel any attack from the opposing team.
"After my injury that caused my foot amputation in 2007, I stopped playing football completely. This has affected my mood so much that I was constantly playing before I got injured. Before I joined this team, it was the first time I had played my favorite hobby for several years," said Ikrayem.
The football team of amputees is conducting one day a week exercise and training is only for half an hour, then the team divides into two teams and they play two halves, each match is ten minutes.
Wahid Rabah tries to run quickly over the green grass of the Deir Al Balah Club in the central Gaza Strip, leaning on his crutches to catch the ball and score a goal against his opponent as part of his training with the "Champions" team of the amputated limbs players.
For Rabah, joining the team, changed his mental state, and gave him vitality after he lost his right leg during an Israeli army incursion into the Maghazi refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip in 2006.
A number of wounded Palestinians in the Gaza Strip formed the first football team for amputees. "When I was offered to participate in the team, I was very encouraged, because it is a new idea and a sport that is unfamiliar to us, and it is a creative idea," said Rabah, a father of two children.
Since 2007, Israel waged three large-scale wars on the Gaza Strip; the longest was in the summer of 2014. Official figures of the Palestinian health ministry showed that thousands of Palestinians had lost their either lower or upper limbs.