Sagittarius Full Moon – What Do You Need To Know?
The Sagittarius Full Moon reminds us of the key meanings of the Gemini-Sagittarius dynamic: the search for information, meaning and truth; the gathering and processing of facts; the need to find our grand vision and attend to it without losing sight of the basic details; the need and desire to ask questions and understand the answers; the urge to mentor others; the importance of fitting our small ideas into the jigsaw of the bigger picture and the necessity of keeping a balanced, objective mindset.
Yes, with the Gemini-Sagittarius dynamic the mind wakes up and the spirit needs to respond. So how will this Sagittarius Full Moon feed your mind and stir your spirit? Well fortunately, under a Full Moon things tend to become clear very easily. This is because Full Moons are a time of full brightness and full exposure. Magic can happen if we are in tune with ourselves and our world. However, if someone's been up to no good, under a Full Moon they can easily be found out because there's nowhere to hide! But, because we're talking about Sagittarius here, things may seem bigger than they are, exaggerated, so keeping everything in perspective is very important at this time!
A Sagittarius Full Moon is an exciting event in itself, but this New Moon heralds a major change in the sky - the ingress of Uranus into Aries. Uranus at the time of the Full Moon is at 29 degrees and 59 minutes of Pisces – THE very last degree and minute of Pisces. Twenty-nine degrees of any sign is known as the anaretic degree. When planets are at the anaretic degree there is a sense of urgency and extremism. Issues that have been complacently pushed to one side tend to pop up for urgent action and resolution. Closure is required before the planet can move fully into the energies of the next sign, so a quick decision often has to be made and hasty action taken.
Uranus has been at the anaretic degree of watery, all-encompassing Pisces since the beginning of May, marking the very end of its seven years in the last sign of the zodiac. What has felt urgent and intense this month?
Maybe you feel as if you've made enough sacrifices over the last few years and now feel that you really must take decisive action to change things? Maybe something intense has been drifting up from your subconscious, manifesting as unusually strange dreams and/or a proliferation of unexpected psychic occurrences? What are these experiences telling you? Perhaps you are experiencing a pressing need for escape, a soul yearning for freedom, or maybe a feeling of grief for past losses is suddenly becoming overwhelming? If that is the case, then maybe this is the time to release those feeling, so you can embrace the future? That certainly has been the case for me, when recently I felt myself suddenly shifting out of the angry stage of grief over a sudden, painful and very Uranian loss I suffered under Uranus in Pisces. Maybe others have been in urgent need of your help and you are going all out to assist them or maybe you are engulfed with the need to retreat and withdraw from a situation or relationship? Some of you may have finally decided to do something about that nagging health problem you've been avoiding and others of you might have made up your mind to take a break and recharge your batteries.
Whatever your personal case may be, this is all cosmic preparation for when Uranus moves into fiery, single-minded Aries on 27 May. The lead up to any outer planet sign change is always an exciting, much anticipated, oft feared time. If at the moment life feels like a series of endings and continual suffering, take heart that at the critical last minute the difficulties you have been struggling with could suddenly transform themselves into something else, maybe something beautiful, certainly something much needed. But, if you don't manage to now wrap up the issues you faced while Uranus was in Pisces, don't lose heart, because between August this year and March next year, Uranus will be back in Pisces, giving you another chance to find some closure.
For now, you are embarking on a new journey, a fresh quest. Your challenge, should you choose to accept it, is to be flexible and adaptable in the face of major changes still to come. Under this Full Moon hope is everything and belief makes it possible.
The Sagittarius Full Moon occurs with the Moon at 6 degree and 32 minutes of Sagittarius and the Sun at 6 degree and 32 minutes of Gemini on 27 May 2010 at 16.08 in PDT timezones and at 19.07 in EDT timezones. The Full Moon occurs on 28 May 2010 in European and Asian timezones. For example, in the UK it occurs at 00.07 (BST).
The most exciting astrological news of the month, by far, has to be the ingress of Uranus into Aries on 27/28 May (full data below).
Here are a few words and phrases I thought up that evoke the spirit of Uranus in Aries. I was going to mould them into artful narrative prose, but then I thought of the crazy immediacy and impatience of this ingress, so decided to present it as a raw list. Make of it what you will! In no particular order…..
*Build a fire pit and light it when you're feeling down it will really cheer you up, but make sure you do it safely!
Good advice from a great friend of mine who has lots of Aries and lots of Virgo in her chart.
The motto of a good family friend, very successful man, very fiery.
Just do it and worry about it later!
Perhaps not advice that would suit everybody, this is from an Aries Sun-Leo Moon-Sag ASC friend who is also very successful. Mind, she does get herself in an awful pickle from time to time, but I am always very impressed by how she bounces back so quickly – the fire spirit and resilience serves her well.
From a sunny young man I know who has an Aries Moon and a Leo Sun and Ascendant.
Today is OK, but tomorrow will be better, so let the past be and move on.
An Aries Moon character I know who genuinely never bears a grudge.
And why not, it's a colour that's surprisingly flattering on most people. If you don't often wear red, try it, it's a good feeling. It's actually works well if you lack fire in your chart, as it's a safe way to embody the element's spirit.
Finally, Uranus in Aries is a good time to get to know and love your natal Mars, which will doubtless be activated by this Uranus transit, because Mars rules Aries.
Uranus in Aries: Claiming a Self Reliant Future is an amazing collection of quirky, interesting and helpful articles on Uranus. Not to be missed!
Julie Demboski asks: What Does the Group Want?
As the Sun moves into Gemini, here's a selection of quotes from some very well known Gemini folk that also reflect their Moon placement. It's so much fun to hear people speak their charts - Enjoy!
I'm a gemini, and I get so bored so easily. I mean, I have moved six times in the last eight years and I'm not going to deny it. I'm a neat person, there's no question.
BST: Sun enters Gemini 04.34 on 21st May 2010 and leaves Gemini at 12.28 on 21st June 2010.
EDT: Sun enters Gemini 23.34 on 20th May 2010 and leaves Gemini at 07.28 on 21st June 2010.
PDT: Sun enters Gemini 20.34 on 20th May 2010 and leaves Gemini at 04.28 on 21st June 2010.
In The Jupiter Uranus Cycle – Science, Discovery and Revolution, I presented an overview of the cycle and detailed some of the amazing scientific, technological and political developments that occurred under Jupiter-Uranus alignments.
When I was doing research for the first article I found that the Jupiter Uranus conjunction of 1997 spawned two instances of remarkable literary success both of which ballooned into something massive and created a lasting cultural legacy.
It was in 1997 that JK Rowling published the first Harry Potter novel, the beginning of one of most successful series of novels ever published, selling many millions of copies and breaking sales records worldwide. Rowling has since been credited with starting a renaissance in children's literature and with bringing the written word back into people's homes, paving the way for many of the other successful children's and fantasy fiction authors who followed.
Also in 1997, the paperback edition of Bridget Jones's Diary was published by Helen Fielding, a book following the fictional adventures of a hapless 30-something single woman. The book and its sequel enjoyed massive worldwide success and led to two equally successful movie adaptations. Named as one of the ten novels that best defined the 20th century, Bridget Jones's Diary seeded the vastly popular 'chick-lit' genre of humorous and confessional fiction which addresses the issues and concerns of the modern career women.
When I looked at the birth charts for Fielding and Rowling, I discovered that they were both born under Jupiter Uranus squares, in 1958 and 1965 respectively. That they both went on to publish their most famous works under a Jupiter Uranus conjunction demonstrates how they each fulfilled the Jupiter-Uranus promise of their natal configurations beautifully.
There are of course many other factors in the charts of both women which point towards their talent and their success, but their natal resonance with the Jupiter-Uranus cycle and the timing of their most successful published works, I think has a lot to say about how Jupiter-Uranus alignments so often coincide with the beginnings of phenomenally big successes that grow and grow into something much bigger than themselves. Both books had been in print for a while before they really took off. Word of mouth recommendations played a large part in their early success, after which the media caught on, turning both writers into 'overnight sensations'!
Phenomena that seems to become suddenly huge and influential, but in actuality has been around for quite a while (Fielding wrote a newspaper column about the fictional Bridget Jones for a couple of years before the novel came to popular mass attention), seems to be a hallmark of the Jupiter-Uranus effect. It also seems to be the case that the influence of these phenomena eventually reaches an unexpectedly large scale. For example, Harry Potter is now so much more than just an enjoyable series of books, just as Stonewall became so much more than just a violent protest against an unfair police raid (as discussed in my previous article in terms of uprisings, protests and revolutionary events).
Harry Potter went on to become a massive industry, a big brand in its own right. It's not only made Rowling as rich as the Queen (reportedly!) but it's also made huge stars of the young kids who were chosen to represent the book's characters on the big screen. As for Bridget Jones, it too made a lot of money for a lot of people and made a big star of Renée Zellweger who played Bridget in the movie version. More than that, it defined a whole generation of 30-something female 'singletons', giving them freedom from the old-fashioned spinster label and allowing them to enthusiastically embrace single life as long as it lasted. It also created a very hungry audience for the many new female writers who followed in Fielding's wake with stories and characters that their readers could really identify with.
Movie director James Cameron is a great case study for the Jupiter-Uranus effect. Born with a Jupiter Uranus conjunction, square Neptune, he released two of the biggest movies ever made under transiting Jupiter Uranus alignments. Titanic was released under the 1997 Jupiter-Uranus conjunction. It won eleven Academy Awards and was the most expensive movie ever made and became the highest grossing film of all time. This record was only broken when Cameron released Avatar in December 2009, which became the first film to gross more than $2 billion. Although Avatar was released around three months before the current Jupiter Uranus conjunction fell within the 10 degree orb usually allowed for mundane transits, I still feel that this was a relevant Jupiter-Uranus event. In any case, the DVD was released in April 2010, when the aspect was easily within orb, and broke the record for highest first day DVD sales! Cameron has also announced that that there will be a theatrical release of an extended version of the film in August 2010, bang on for the current Jupiter-Uranus conjunction.
In Cameron's chart (pictured below) Jupiter is conjunct Uranus in Cancer, in t-square with Neptune in Libra and Chiron in Capricorn. Jupiter-Uranus also trines his Moon in Pisces, which in turn is quincunx Neptune. It's easy to see how these configurations reflect the themes of both movies. Avatar is rich with spiritual themes, idealistic ecological messages and a strong healing metaphor in which the wounded hero saves the Na'vi people and himself becomes whole again. Titanic is ultimately a tale of epic, undying, transformational love, that evokes a sentimental romanticism for a bygone age. The depiction of the ship itself as huge, indomitable and magnificently opulent, serves to magnify the immense tragedy of its sinking. Underlying themes of compassion, belonging and sacrifice strongly permeate both movies.
Cameron's natal Mercury, Sun and Pluto stellium in Leo also describes the fact that his movies are huge productions, peppered with noble heroes, dramatic, over-the-top story lines and deeply intense transformational themes. Saturn in Scorpio, un-aspected save for creative quintiles to Pluto and the Sun, provides the opportunity to diligently transform his (probably) obsessive visions and desires into tangible creative reality through hard, hard work.
Interestingly, Cameron also describes himself as a scientist as well as a film maker and is noted for his contribution to underwater filming technology, another wonderful expression of his natal chart generally and his watery Jupiter-Uranus-Neptune-Moon configuration specifically.
Birth data for James Cameron: 16th August 1954, Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. Birth time unknown. Source: Wikipedia.org The chart pictured uses the solar sign house system.
It may be a while before we get to understand the next big Jupiter-Uranus influenced creative phenomena, scientific discoveries and technological advancements, but I'm sure we will have great fun finding out!
Please see The Jupiter Uranus Cycle – Science, Discovery and Revolution, for an overview of the Jupiter-Uranus themes and for astrological data for the current cycle.
The current conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus marks the beginning of a brand new Jupiter-Uranus cycle.
The major alignments of this 14 year cycle, notably the conjunctions and oppositions, are associated with evolution and growth in human consciousness, with ever expanding horizons in our understanding of the world and our universe and with exciting major breakthroughs – quantum leaps – in science and technology, leaps which seem to invoke the myth of Prometheus (Uranus), who stole fire from Zeus (Jupiter) and gave it to man.
Under Jupiter-Uranus alignments, science fiction becomes science fact, birthing colossally significant developments which in turn, pave the way for further huge leaps and bounds in scientific progress. For example, it was under the Jupiter-Uranus conjunction of 1609/10, that Galileo pointed his new telescope towards the heavens and afterwards began publicly supporting the heliocentric view, which placed the Sun at the centre of the universe. This paved the way for Newton, who during the opposition of 1686, did the foundation work for his Law of Universal Gravitation. Gravitation is of course the force by which the planets revolve around the Sun!
As the planetary coupling that appears to know no boundaries, it's also not surprising to see Jupiter-Uranus active during key developments in space travel, with alignments coinciding with the launch of Sputnik; the first American to orbit the earth and the 1969 moon landing, from which Armstrong's famous quote sums up the spirit of Jupiter-Uranus beautifully. "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Of course, without an understanding of planetary motion and gravity – the discoveries of Galileo, Newton and others - we would never have been able to travel into space in the first place.
A Jupiter-Uranus conjunction also saw the birth of quantum physics, attributed to Planck, who in 1900 presented his Planck's Postulate which became one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.
So it seems that under Jupiter-Uranus alignments we witness quantum leaps which changed the way we view the larger perspective – our very place in the universe – but these alignments also appear to coincide with inventions which have truly enhanced and changed the way we work and live in our daily lives. For example, Jupiter-Uranus alignments bore witness to the invention of the electric light bulb, the first radio broadcast, the first speaking movie, the first television broadcast, the prototype for the personal computer and the birth of the internet. Fancy a month without your TV, your PC, the internet and electric lighting? What would we do with ourselves?
In the field of aviation, Jupiter-Uranus alignments coincided with the first hot air balloon flight, the first flight of the Wright brothers in the Kitty Hawk and the first solo flight across the Atlantic, Now, thanks to cheap, commercial air travel, the world is wide open to most of us.
Jupiter-Uranus alignments are also associated with rebellion, collective uprisings and revolutionary ideas, manifesting as dramatic events which have a far reaching impact. In retrospect, it appears obvious that these events had been brewing for a good long while, but at the time they seemed to occur suddenly, spontaneously. Examples include the American War of Independence, the French Revolution, the Mutiny on the Bounty, the Stonewall Riots (an event which galvanised the gay community to fight for equal rights), the fall of the Berlin Wall (which symbolised the death of Communism in Europe) and the release of Nelson Mandela (the beginning of the end of apartheid in South Africa).
In the cycle that has just concluded, the conjunction occurred between Nov 96-Dec 97 (using the 10 degree orb generally used in mundane astrology) and the opposition occurred between Sept 02 and Aug 04…let's see if this cycle might give us some clues on what this new cycle has in store for us… see if we can connect a few dots….
In '97 General Motors launched the first electric car of the modern era. Under this 2010 current conjunction, a number of manufacturers including Nissan and Mitsubishi are launching fully electric cars to the mass consumer market for the first time.
It was also in '97 that the largest strikes in South Korean history began and in the same year there were widespread student pro-democracy protests in Burma. In 2010, it seems almost certain that the mass wave of strikes and protests we are already seeing in Greece and other countries, in reaction to job losses and government austerity measures, will continue. At the time of writing, anti-government demonstrations in Bangkok, which have been ongoing since March, have led to violent clashes with authorities and talk of revolution.
It was also in '97 that the disarmament crisis in Iraq began and by the time of the opposition in 2003 – when the inevitability of a US-led invasion of Iraq became clear – an international group of protesters went to Baghdad to act as voluntary human shields, hoping to avert the invasion. This was followed by global protests against the Iraq War, with more than 10 million people protesting in over 600 cities worldwide, the largest protest ever to take place before a war has even begun. Despite that, in March '03 the Iraq War began with an invasion of Iraq in which the U.S. and allied forces swiftly seized control of Baghdad, ending the regime of Saddam Hussein.
In the UK in '97, the Labour Party ended 18 years of Conservative rule by winning an historic general election with a landslide majority. Interestingly, Labour's tenure in government ended in May 2010, under the current Jupiter-Uranus conjunction - one whole cycle later - after an election which resulted in an unprecedented Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. The Economist magazine has dubbed this surprising alliance Britain's accidental revolution!
The Jupiter-Uranus cycle is also associated with the theory of evolution and with developments in cloning and genetics. It was in 1838 under a Jupiter-Uranus opposition that Darwin conceived his theory of natural selection and it was under the conjunction of 1858 that he published his theories jointly with fellow naturalist Wallace. Moving forwards, it was in '97 that a team of scientists in London reported their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton, which supported the out of Africa theory of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. But then, during the opposition of '03, the journal Nature reported that 350,000-year-old upright-walking human footprints had been found in Italy! It was also in '03 that the Human Genome Project was completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to 99.99% accuracy. This was the same year that the first cloned deer and horse were born and in '04, South Korea announced that they had cloned 30 human embryos.
As we are now into a new Jupiter Uranus cycle, what's next? Time travel; teleportation; the indisputable discovery of dark matter; mass riots, strikes and protests; commercial space tourism; proof of life on other bodies in the solar system (already scientists are very excited about the possibility of life on Saturn's Moon Titan which they believe has a warm underwater ocean, thanks to the evidence sent back by the Cassini Mission)? It really is hard to predict when we're in the realm of Jupiter and Uranus, especially as the full significance of the events and discoveries that occur under these alignments often only become clear in retrospect. Whatever happens it's bound to be exciting!
*It has today (21 May '10) been announced that scientists have for the first time successfully created artificial life in a laboratory. Evoking Armstrong's famous words, The Independent's headlines reads, "synthetic cell is a giant leap for science, and could be bigger still for mankind". Critics have raised ethical concerns, accusing the scientists (Uranus) of playing God (Jupiter). To me this is a perfect manifestation of Jupiter conjunct Uranus quantum leap events and it brings to mind the myth of Prometheus whole stole fire from the Gods and gave it to man. For the full story, click here.
The exact conjunctions are as follows: 18 June 2010 (at 00 degrees 17 minutes of Aries); 19 September 2010 (at 29 degrees 42 minutes of Pisces) and 4 January 2011 (at 27 degrees 02 minutes of Pisces). Using a 10 degree orb, the time span of this conjunction falls between March 2010 and March 2011.
The exact oppositions are as follows: 26 December 2016 (at 20 degrees 33 minutes of Libra-Aries); 3 March 2017 (at 22 degrees 11 minutes of Libra-Aries) and 28 September 2017 (at 27 degrees 22 minutes of Libra-Aries). Using a 10 degree orb, the time span of this opposition falls between November 2016 and November 2017.
Please note that if you are looking at transits to an individual's birth chart smaller orbs should be used (a good guide is to use approximately 2 degrees of orb or less either side of the natal planet or point which is being transited).
Next Up: Jupiter-Uranus, Harry Potter, Bridget Jones and Avatar!
Picture credit for Saturn's Moons Dione and Titan from Cassini: NASA/JPL/SSI. Colour composite: Emily Lakdawalla.
New Moons are seeding times. Seeds germinate underground, in the dark. We have to wait a while before the shoots show themselves on the surface, but still, we plant our seeds full of hope that they will grow into healthy, fruit bearing plants. As it is in nature, so it is in human affairs, metaphorically speaking.
Under a Taurus New Moon, it is essential that we plant our seeds in solid, fertile ground with a realistic, tangible idea about what we wish to harvest in the future. This New Moon asks to think about our resources and work towards increasing our security and stability, to get organised and practical and get things done. This is not a New Moon for risk taking or for unsubstantiated idealism or for empty talk, it's a time for building and maintaining the material and emotional structures of our lives from firm and stable foundations.
Fortunately, Mercury has just turned direct, which will help us get a bit more clarity and perspective on what needs to be done. Additionally, by the 17th May, Mars in Leo will have finally cleared the shadow of its retrograde period, adding to the sense that we can now move forward at last with our plans and put some of the uncertainty of the last few months behind us. Of course, in our world, we are still very much at the crossroads of immense change (as suggested by the alignments of the outer planets in the early cardinal signs), but at the very least, we can hope for a few weeks in which to let the dust settle, find a little bit of calm space after all the recent upsets, and set down some firm plans for the future, even if that future still remains largely unknown.
For the UK, the Taurus New Moon feels like a welcome event. If you haven't been following the news, the UK electorate went to the polls last week, with the promise of certain change but massive uncertainty around what that change might look like. The outcome of the election failed to give to give one party the overall majority they needed to form a government, resulting in a hung parliament, the first since '74. After many hours of negotiations and talks, the rightwing Conservatives, who had won the most seats in parliament, brokered an unlikely deal with the left of centre Liberal-Democrats to form an historic coalition government, the first for almost 70 years. Happening under a Saturn opposition to Uranus and Jupiter, this was always going to be an election full of big shocks and surprises, but I don't think anyone expected to see Nick Clegg, leader of the Lib-Dems to be appointed Deputy Prime Minister, working alongside new Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron (See www.bbc.co.uk/news for the full story). Putting my own political affiliations to one side, this new deal seems to be a positive step forward, or at the very least, represents two opposing parties doing their best to make the best out of a difficult and potentially de-stabling situation.
I just listened to the first joint press conference between Cameron and Clegg, (which started around 2.20pm BST London today) there was much talk of a new radical politics, of a 'seismic shift' in British politics (reflecting the Jupiter-Saturn-Uranus alignment), but even more talk of this coalition being one which will provide 'strong, stable, determined leadership'. A Taurus couldn't have put it better! Now is the time, under this stabilising Taurus New Moon, for them to get real, get down, roll up their sleeves and get Britain working again! Let's hope, with a Taurus New Moon marking that start of the Conservative - Lib-Dem marriage, they don't give in to the worst of Taurus – which can be over demanding, manipulative, suspicious, greedy, obstinate and financially disastrous!
As an end note, we can see the dramatic changes in UK politics in recent and upcoming eclipses which hit the UK chart. Eclipses denote endings, times when something changes, is literally eclipsed. That the 31st December 09 Lunar Eclipse fell right on the degree of the UK's Sun and very close to its MC, suggests the radical change in political leadership we have just dramatically witnessed. The upcoming July 11th total Solar Eclipse occurs exactly on the UK's Moon at 19 degrees of Cancer. This Eclipse occurs around the time the new UK government has promised to announce a new budget – which will set out how they propose to make £6 billion worth of cuts in public spending. It will be interesting to see how these cuts will affect the mood and indeed the pockets of the common populace of the UK (which is represented by the Moon in the UK chart). Perhaps things won't seem as rosy as they do today, as the two new Pluto in Virgo leaders of the UK (such as Cameron and Clegg) finally have to reveal the extent of the economic clean up job that needs to be done in the wake of the outgoing Pluto in Leo leaders - Gordon Brown and Tony Blair before him. Let's hope Cameron and Clegg can utilise some of the energies of this Taurus New Moon to truly plant some seeds of stability and growth.
May Day Blessing! As we enter the glorious month of May, Mercury is Retrograde and we're still reeling from the latest Saturn-Uranus Opposition.
On 19th May, Venus moves into Cancer, a cosy, caring, nurturing placement for Cancer, a nice time to reach out to a loved one.
On 20th May the Sun moves into restless chatty Gemini. Come back here on the 20th when I will post some great quotes from some well known talkative Twins!
On 23rd May: Jupiter makes its first opposition to Saturn in this current cycle. Click here> to read my previous blog about the Jupiter-Saturn cycle.
The big news of the month is Uranus' much anticipated ingress into Aries. See Uranus in Aries: Claiming a Self Reliant Future at Auntie Moon, for a pick of the best Uranus in Aries articles. Uranus only gives us a brief taste of life in the Aries fast lane before he moves back into Pisces from mid August until March 2011.
Hot on the heels of Uranus' pit stop in Aries, Saturn in Virgo turns around and moves forward again on 30th May, eventually hitting 0 degrees of Libra again in July, ready for its next opposition to Uranus and Jupiter and its next square to Pluto, forming the much anticipated Cardinal T-Square.
Astrologically, May has the feeling of preparation and anticipation, as all the main players - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Pluto - get themselves in position for the main event, the Cardinal T-Square, which will come into its fullness this summer.
The Solstice chart on June 21st. Solstice charts are always good for getting a feel for the season to come and in this one, the Sun at 0 Cancer plugs into the outer planet T-Square, forming a Cardinal Grand Cross.
Charts 1, 3 and 4 in particular have planets at the Aries Point - zero degrees of Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn - the point where the personal becomes public and vice versa.


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'Spent every day of my Saints career trying to prove him right': Drew Brees thanks Sean Payton for long-time leadership
NEW ORLEANS - Saints fans are getting their tissues out once again this week following Sean Payton's announcement to leave the team after 16 years. Legendary...
Louisiana to receive $1 billion for bridges in first installment of trillion dollar federal infrastructure measure
1 week 6 days 2 hours ago Friday, January 14 2022 Jan 14, 2022 January 14, 2022 5:58 AM January 14, 2022 in News
The Transportation Department is launching a $27 billion program to repair and upgrade roughly 15,000 highway bridges as part of the infrastructure law approved in November. The effort is being announced Friday as President Joe Biden tries to showcase how his policies are delivering for the public.
Under the five-year program, the federal government will release nearly $5.5 billion this fiscal year to states, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and tribes, according to senior administration officials who insisted on anonymity to preview the plans.
Biden plans to speak Friday about progress made in implementing the $1 trillion infrastructure package in the two months since he signed it into law. It's an opportunity for a president whose economic and voting rights agenda has been stymied in the Senate to show that his administration is working to make lives better.
The White House issued a fact sheet in advance of Biden's remarks that details how the administration is preparing to distribute infrastructure funds. There are plans to build out 500,000 charging stations for electric vehicles. The Transportation Department has announced the distribution of roughly $56 billion to improve highways, airports and shipping ports.
The Environmental Protection Agency has announced plans to disburse $7.4 billion to upgrade water and sewer systems. Steps are also being taken to build out broadband internet, among other initiatives.
'Spent every day of my Saints career...
Dollar store desperadoes: 2 behind bars in Livingston for Dollar General, Dollar...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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the happy face spider from Hawaii
Theridion grallator is a species of spider in the genus Theridion that is found exclusively in Hawaii.
The underside is light yellow and somewhat transparent.
Depending on the food consumed, it can be red, black, and white in color.
T. grallator gets its name from its long, spindly legs (grallator meaning "stilt-walker" in Latin).
It gets the nickname happy-face spider because of the yellow color on most of the body and the patterns on the abdomen.
The pattern is similar to a smiling face.
Therefore the common English name is also "happy face spider".
This polymorphism could counteract the applicability of their hunters' prey schemes.
The females live as solitary animals under leaves in forests.
They defend their egg balls aggressively and look after the brood for a while after they hatch.
It can happen that some young animals of the brood are taken in by foster mothers.
They mostly live predatorily and feed mainly on captured arthropods, especially insects that they suck out.
For this purpose, the prey animals are first dissolved with an enzyme-containing digestive juice, which the spider brings into its victim, which has been killed with its jaw claws.
It is absolutely harmless to humans.
Despite its restricted habitat, the Theridion Grallator is not considered endangered according to the IUCN
Text: Together for the animals
Not all happy-face spiders have such striking markings, and some are nearly all orange or all blue.
The Hawaiian name is nananana makakiʻi (face-patterned spider).
In addition to the variety of color polymorphisms present in T. grallator, this spider also demonstrates the interesting quality of diet-induced color change, in which its appearance temporarily changes as it metabolizes various food items.
T. grallator spiders do not utilize webs to capture prey, so they do not follow the sit-and-wait method of web-building spiders. Instead, they will forage freely, often traveling to nearby leaves to capture insects.
During prey capture, T. grallator spiders use their silk.
Common prey include Dolichopodidae and Drosophilidae.
A very likable animal and a splendid specimen of the genus!
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December 8, 2009 by JP
OLD SCHOOL STYLE ON THE SLOPES | JEAN-CLAUDE KILLY
From the desk of Contributing Editor, Eli M. Getson–
Circa 1946 — (original caption) Hollywood Stars Ski at Sun Valley. Active sports are the best things in the world to relax one after a session before the Kleig lights, and these Hollywood stars chose skiing as their sport. Shown on a crest at the famed resort at Sun Valley, Idaho are, left to right: Mrs. Gary Cooper, Jack Hemingway, Ingrid Bergman, Gary Cooper and Clark Gable. Used by the Navy during the war, the resort will be opened to the public in the fall of 1946. — Image by © Bettmann
With the snowfall upon us (and where I live, it will be falling until late April) it gives me a chance to induldge in my obsession with old school style on the slopes. I want to be clear that I will not include snowboarding in this post– different sport, different style altogether. I also want to be clear that this obession of mine is very rooted in the years 1967-1977, when I feel ski style was at its height. I'll get many an argument from all the Polo alumni that read TSY that the Sun Valley/Gary Cooper 1930s & '40s look (above) is the ultimate; and while the snowflake sweaters, melton wool jackets, gentsy trousers (with zippered pockets to keep out the snow), and waffle stompers of that era certainly do have their appeal– I am more fixated with vintage Fila, Bogner, Descente, Addidas (very rare), Rossingnol, and Head. Courreges did some skiwear in the 1960s for women that is highly prized by vintage heads the world over. I have combed many a vintage store in Europe looking for an old school graphic Fila or Bogner coat in all its pieced, color blocked, and technicolor splendour so I could work it like a skier on the pro tour, circa 1968. Who wouldn't want to rock the, "just hit the mountain in Gstaad, heading to Chamonix, and then off to Aspen to wind down the season" look.
Circa 1968 — Aspen, Colorado: French skier, Jean Claude Killy manages a smile for his fans after placing 3rd in the Roch Cup men's downhill event here, March 15th. Killy's legion of fans can be seen reflected in his sunglasses. — Image by © Bettmann
Without a doubt, my obsession was fueled by Jean Claude Killy, the King of the slopes and one of the most stylish athletes of all time. A world champion skier without peer– In 1966–67 Killy won every downhill race he entered, earning the first World Cup for men. Killy also won the triple crown of Alpine skiing– capturing all three golds medals (downhill, slalom, and giant slalom) at the '68 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France . He was blessed with movie star looks, and came on to the scene when more obscure sports like sking acually got Saturday afternoon airtime, and the Olympics still tended to be a top two sports draw on TV. Killy had ridiculous style and even more ridiculous skill. He was, and is, how I want to look on the slopes– slim silhouettes, graphic colors boldly streaking by on the turn, and geared towards peak performance. Killy is one of those athletes I will always associate with the epic ABC Wide World of Sports. I'm not sure how Jim McKay and Howard Cosell did it, but they mythologized athletes, especially international athletes, on the level of jet-setting movie stars. I miss those dreamy days of my youth. I miss how the lifestyles of the athletes of old had real class, and were larger than life. Mostly, I miss their character, and how incredible they looked in competition– and everyday life. They inspired me then, and still do to this day.
August 1971 — French Skier Jean-Claude Killy in Saint-Tropez — Image by © Apis/Sygma
Style on the Slopes | A Retrospective
Circa 1930s– French ski fashions
Sun Valley, Idaho ski posters– circa 1940 (left), and 1939 (right).
3/21/1939, Sun Valley, ID: A candidate for the Harriman Cup for women is Hannah Locke of Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania. A member of the 1938 women's team which competed in Europe, she will race in the downhill and slalom contest in Sun Valley this month. Miss Locke is pictured here training for the competition. — Image by © Bettmann
1/3/1939, Sun Valley, ID: Movie star Norma Shearer enjoying a "spot" of lunch in the company of her sister, Mrs. Howard Hawks, center, wife of the movie director, and Minnie Barnes, right, also a screen luminary. The girls were pictured with ski instructors — Image by © Bettmann
Circa 1941, Sun Valley, Idaho — Jerome Hill, grandson of railroad pioneer, J. J. Hill, waxing his skis at Sun Valley, Idaho — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
Circa 1941, Sun Valley, Idaho — Mrs. Edward Wigglesworth Jr. (formerly Marian McKean), former Olympic Ski Team member, leaning forward on her skis on Baldy Mountain, in Sun Valley, Idaho. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
Vintage skiers, striking a pose.
(Above, left) 1/13/1948, Sun Valley, ID: Jane Russell, who is spending some time at Sun Valley learning to ski, pauses with her instructor Toni Matt. — Image by © Bettmann
(Above, right) 3/23/1946, Sun Valley, ID: Clark Gable and Mr. and Mrs. Gary Cooper going up the slopes. — Image by © Bettman
07/05/1947-Sun Valley, ID– The great winter sport has opened its summer season at Sun Valley, where you see Alf Engen, co-coach of the U.S. Olympic ski team, in process of hurdling a mountain. The ski slopes are now, in mid-summer, covered with 20 feet — Image by © Bettmann
1950s Sun Valley, Idaho ski bums. Neckerchiefs, snowflake sweaters, handknit caps– check.
(Above, left) 10/5/1951, Sun Valley, ID: Before taking off for anther day's hike on skis, Jack Redding gives his "hickories" a once-over. Sun Valley's mountains loom in the backgound. — Image by © Bettmann
(Above, right) ca. 1941, Sun Valley, ID: Mrs. William Hale Harkness, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Joseph Thomas, Mrs. E. Earle, and John de Braganca, standing on the ski slopes. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
1950s ski bum hitting the slopes.
Circa 1950s– Sun Valley, Idaho ski bums in their old snow slopes beater.
1950s ski bums concocting appendage-warming libations.
1950s ski bums drinking it up back at the lodge.
1950s ski bums.
Feb 1950, Aspen, Colorado — On the other side of the movie camera for a change, screen star Gary Cooper records the FIS world ski championship races at Aspen, Colorado. On the final day of the world ski meet, the film actor was assisted by his wife and daughter, Maria. — Image by © Bettmann
Alf Engen, co-coach of the U.S. Olympic ski team getting some serious air.
1950s Sun Valley, Idaho ski bums.
1950s ski bums passed out in the sun.
1950s ski bums drinking and soaking up rays in Sun Valley, Idaho.
Circa 1968– Great shot of Jean-Claude Killy in a classic Anorak.
Ski bums catching some rays and some rest.
Feb 1968, Grenoble, France — France's Jean-Claude Killy and Guy Perillat celebrate their performances in the men's downhill ski event at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble. Killy won the gold medal and Perillat finished second, winning the silver. — Image by © Universal/TempSport
SUN VALLEY, IDAHO: Mother and daughter Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy and Caroline enjoy a joke as they vacation at this ski resort here recently. Mrs. Kennedy and her two children are visiting here with the family of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy. 01/04/66. — Image by © Bettmann
10 Jan 1968, Adelboden, Switzerland — Jean-Claude Killy of France in the giant slalom event at Adelboden, Switzerland, 1968. — Image by © Hulton-Deutsch Collection
Jan 1966, Sun Valley, Idaho, USA — John F. Kennedy Jr. holds a fuzzy samoyed puppy as his sister Caroline and his mother, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, move a dogsled. The family was vacationing here with the family of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. — Image by © Bettmann. (Right) Killy
John F. Kennedy Jr. nuzzles up to a Samoyed pup from the sled dog concession here, December 30, 1965. John Jr., who is vacationing here with his mother, Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy, his sister Caroline, and the family of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, gets around the ski slopes by mooching rides from other skiers by sliding on his stomach. — Image by © Bettmann
(Left) 1966, Idaho — Jackie Kennedy with Family — Image by © John Bryson/Sygma. (Right) Jean-Claude Killy
Jan 1966, Sun Valley, Idaho — John Kennedy, Jr., son of the late president, frolics in the snow at Bald Mountain in this Idaho resort. John, Jr. is enjoying a winter vacation with his sister Caroline, and mother Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy. — Image by © Bettmann
(Left) Ca. 1972– Jean-Claude Killy on the set of Snow Job. (Right) Ca. 1968 Grenoble Winter Olympics.
Circa 1970s– Sex symbol Brigitte Bardot on holiday skiing.
(Above, left) Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Red ski jacket over blue ski overalls, both by Globe of New Hampshire, skis and poles by Hart Ski Company. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
(Above, right) Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Red, green and blue ski jacket with red ski pants, both by Bogner, Olympic Timer by Lafayette Watch, and a Glentex cap. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Yellow overalls with a green jacket, both by Henke for Saska Sport Industries. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
(Above, left) Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Yellow ski jacket over red warm-up pants, both by Roffe, turtle and crewneck sweaters by Demetre and gloves by Bonnie Cashin for Crescendoe/ Superb gloves, a hat by Brosseau, yellow shoulder bag by La Bagagerie. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
(Above, right) Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Cross-country ski gear which consists of a red pullover with matching knickers from Ramah by Bass, Eiger mountain knicker socks, a Pennaco turtleneck, Mohawk ski gloves, and Acme Siren necklace by Donald Stannard. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
Circa 1972, Snowbird, Utah — Purple ski jacket with red and yellow details paired with red pants and matching cap, all by White Stag, and yellow mittens; he wears a White Stag striped sweater and sunglasses by Bausch and Lomb. — Image by © Condé Nast Archive
1970s Tecnica Moon Boots– if you're gonna go, go all the way (girls).
(Above, left) 1970s, St.-Moritz, Switzerland — Mirja and Gunter Sachs. German millionaire and the former husband of French actress Brigitte Bardot. — Image by © Pierre Vauthey
(Above, right) Jeane-Claude Killy
This entry was posted in apparel, design, fashion, history, Icons, International, movies, sports, style, vintage and tagged 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1968, 1970s, France, French, Grenoble, Idaho, Jean Claude Killy, menswear, Olympics, ski, skier, style, Sun Valley, Winter Games, womenswear. Bookmark the permalink.
PHOTOGRAPHY OF DOROTHEA LANGE | AN AMERICAN ARCHIVE– HARD TIMES
SHE RIPPED AND SHE ROARED | EPIC WOMEN OF DESTINY & DETERMINATION
20 thoughts on "OLD SCHOOL STYLE ON THE SLOPES | JEAN-CLAUDE KILLY"
Robai says:
Excellence! Bravo!
Love the images JP, amazing. I miss this stuff. Do not know why but it felt like they did it better back in the day.
Looking at these is inspiring the hell of out me. Wow!
I happen to know that someone's sketching those black/rainbow Tecnica boots as we speak!
I loved the fotos. Always loved these old guys
all plaidout says:
Oh, thank God! I've been trying to track down a pair of banana pants since I was in high school, and I may have finally found the best forum to do so. I'm hoping for Hot Dog: The Movie styled vintage ski pants. Marker, Obermeyer, Descente. Black mudflaps and Big Bird Yellow. Neoprene as hell. I'm talking bellbottoms. JP, Eli, great post. Thank you so, so much. Exhaustive.
Homes,
You are derailed that you are quoting "Hot Dog" the movie.
Love it and glad you enjoyed
Just rented "Downhill Racer". Great movie with killer slope styles.
AFImagination says:
These are some amazing pictures! If only I had a time machine, or a dollar for every time I say that…
Renee Runyon says:
There is some one else in the world who is just as crazy for the retro glamour of the ski world past. This is what inspired me to ski and work as a buyer in the ski business for 25 years. My house is decorated with Ski Vintage Posters, ahh the good old days. Thank you for this trip down memory lane, I could live in this world of Jean Claude and the other beautiful people.
Awesome…would love to speak to you about vintage ski style. This is what is inspiring me right now. Just back from Denver and I have to say I am considering relocating-for some of the best hunting, fishing, and ski runs in the world. All of my passions in one place..amazing.
Doug Connor says:
Very well done piece. I also grew up skiing in the 70s and there was also a "rat rod" style that often paired overalls (like Oshkosh B'gosh) with Descente or White Stag fitted sweaters, I Ski or early Vuarnet glasses, cockcomb hats and racoon tans. Our money went into equipment which was the boards: Rossignol or even better Fischers with Marker or Spademan bindings and (must have) Hanson boots with jet sticks so that you could ride back on your skis with your tips up. I'd kill for a pair of Fischer C-4s (I think that was the model) today. They were black with white polka dots – truly outrageous for the time and very, very cool. Thanks for the memories!
whereisthecool says:
Definitly cool!
Incredible stylished man this french guy!
poverty_dieter says:
Why didn't I live in the 1950's??? Thanks for the photos!
Charlie Gup says:
Brilliant Post ! I would kill to get back the Head ski jacket I bought in 1974 when I was 16. It would still fit me today as it was only a tiny bit big for me back then. I sadly gave it away in mint condition 10 years ago! WHY?????????
Mr. Realist says:
Thanks for the memories! I learned to ski in the 70s, and remember reading Jean-Claude Killy's book on skiing. The photos from that era feature very nostalgic styles–I even wore a pair of ski pants like J-C's black w/blue racing stripes pair. My current ski gear keeps me warmer and drier than what I had then, but I don't think it's as stylish.
Remember when the must-have boot was the yellow Nordica model?
Tahoe says:
AH Yes….the good old days–I was inspired to 'take up' skiing by the 1960 Games at Squaw (age 9), skied on every piece of equipment from 'Le Trappeur' leather n'lace boots with 'Salomon Lift' bindings to 'Hansen Exhibitions' on Vr17's…..sure wish I still had that Roffe (yellow) racing jacket…..
love the green and yellow combo
Another vintage/retro ski fan! I love it all – from the beginning of time up to the 70's. It's all coming back via snowboard looks. Really enjoyed this trip down memory lane.
OMG, You've just made me relive the happiest part of my childhood … Your photos are fantastic … Thank you …


text:
Praise God from Whom all Blessings flow
Some time ago, Fr. Z asked for prayers for this intention which has now been granted by the grace of God.
From CNS, the Catholic News Service.
Pro multis means "for many," Vatican rules
Vatican, Nov. 18 (CWNews.com) - The Vatican has ruled that the phrase pro multis should be rendered as "for many" in all new translations of the Eucharistic Prayer, CWN has learned.
Although "for many" is the literal translation of the Latin phrase, the translations currently in use render the phrase as "for all." Equivalent translations (für alle; por todos; per tutti) are in use in several other languages.
Cardinal Francis Arinze (bio - news), the prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, has written to the heads of world's episcopal conferences, informing them of the Vatican decision. For the countries where a change in translation will be required, the cardinal's letter directs the bishops to prepare for the introduction of a new translation of the phrase in approved liturgical texts "in the next one or two years."
The translation of pro multis has been the subject of considerable debate because of the serious theological issues involved. The phrase occurs when the priest consecrates the wine, saying (in the current translation):
...It will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven.
The Latin version of the Missal, which sets the norm for the Roman liturgy, says:
...qui pro vobis et pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum.
Critics of the current translation have argued, since it first appeared, that rendering pro multis as "for all" not only distorts the meaning of the Latin original, but also conveys the impression that all men are saved, regardless of their relationship with Christ and his Church. The more natural translation, "for many," more accurately suggests that while Christ's redemptive suffering makes salvation available to all, it does not follow that all men are saved.
Cardinal Arinze, in his letter to the presidents of episcopal conferences, explains the reasons for the Vatican's decision to require
The Synoptic Gospels (Mt 26,28; Mk 14,24) make specific reference to "many" for whom the Lord is offering the Sacrifice, and this wording has been emphasized by some biblical scholars in connection with the words of the prophet Isaiah (53, 11-12). It would have been entirely possible in the Gospel texts to have said "for all" (for example, cf. Luke 12,41); instead, the formula given in the institution narrative is "for many", and the words have been faithfully translated thus in most modern biblical versions.
The Roman Rite in Latin has always said pro multis and never pro omnibus in the consecration of the chalice.
The anaphoras of the various Oriental Rites, whether in Greek, Syriac, Armenian, the Slavic languages, etc., contain the verbal equivalent of the Latin pro multis in their respective languages.
"For many" is a faithful translation of pro multis, whereas "for all" is rather an explanation of the sort that belongs properly to catechesis.
The expression "for many", while remaining open to the inclusion of each human person, is reflective also of the fact that this salvation is not brought about in some mechanistic way, without one's willing or participation; rather, the believer is invited to accept in faith the gift that is being offered and to receive the supernatural life that is given to those who participate in this mystery, living it out in their lives as well so as to be numbered among the "many" to whom the text refers.
In line with the instruction Liturgiam Authenticam, effort should be made to be more faithful to the Latin texts in the typical editions.
Ad orientem next? =)
A person can dream right?
Let's thank God for granting His people this grace and pray that the Holy Father be granted the strength to further implement the reform of the reform and free the Classical Roman Rite.
TE DEUM laudamus: te Dominum confitemur. O GOD, we praise Thee: we acknowledge Thee to be the Lord.
Te aeternum Patrem omnis terra veneratur. Everlasting Father, all the earth doth worship Thee.
Tibi omnes Angeli; tibi Caeli et universae Potestates; To Thee all the Angels, the Heavens and all the Powers,
Tibi Cherubim et Seraphim incessabili voce proclamant: all the Cherubim and Seraphim, unceasingly proclaim:
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of Hosts!
Pleni sunt caeli et terra maiestatis gloriae tuae. Heaven and earth are full of the Majesty of Thy glory.
Te gloriosus Apostolorum chorus, The glorious choir of the Apostles,
Te Prophetarum laudabilis numerus, the wonderful company of Prophets,
Te Martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus. the white-robed army of Martyrs, praise Thee.
Te per orbem terrarum sancta confitetur Ecclesia, Holy Church throughout the world doth acknowledge Thee:
Patrem immensae maiestatis: the Father of infinite Majesty;
Venerandum tuum verum et unicum Filium; Thy adorable, true and only Son;
Sanctum quoque Paraclitum Spiritum. and the Holy Spirit, the Comforter.
Tu Rex gloriae, Christe. O Christ, Thou art the King of glory!
Tu Patris sempiternus es Filius. Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father.
Tu ad liberandum suscepturus hominem, non horruisti Virginis uterum. Thou, having taken it upon Thyself to deliver man, didst not disdain the Virgin's womb.
Tu, devicto mortis aculeo, aperuisti credentibus regna caelorum. Thou overcame the sting of death and hast opened to believers the Kingdom of Heaven.
Tu ad dexteram Dei sedes, in gloria Patris. Thou sitest at the right hand of God, in the glory of the Father.
Iudex crederis esse venturus. We believe that Thou shalt come to be our Judge.
Te ergo quaesumus, tuis famulis subveni: quos pretioso sanguine redemisti. We beseech Thee, therefore, to help Thy servants whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy Precious Blood.
Aeterna fac cum sanctis tuis in gloria numerari. Make them to be numbered with Thy Saints in everlasting glory.
V. Salvum fac populum tuum, Domine, et benedic hereditati tuae. V. Save Thy people, O Lord, and bless Thine inheritance!
R. Et rege eos, et extolle illos usque in aeternum. R. Govern them, and raise them up forever.
V. Per singulos dies benedicimus te. V. Every day we thank Thee.
R. Et laudamus nomen tuum in saeculum, et in saeculum saeculi. R. And we praise Thy Name forever, yea, forever and ever.
V. Dignare, Domine, die isto sine peccato nos custodire. V. O Lord, deign to keep us from sin this day.
R. Miserere nostri, Domine, miserere nostri. R. Have mercy on us, O Lord, have mercy on us.
V. Fiat misericordia tua, Domine, super nos, quemadmodum speravimus in te. V. Let Thy mercy, O Lord, be upon us, for we have hoped in Thee.
R. In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. R. O Lord, in Thee I have hoped; let me never be put to shame.
This is the letter that His Eminence Francis Cardinal Arinze sent out to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences:
[To their Eminences /Excellencies,
Presidents of the National Episcopal Conferences]
CONGREGATIO DE CULTU DIVINO
ET DISCIPLINA SACRAMENTORUM
Prot. n. 467/05/L
Rome, 17 October 2006
Your Eminence / Your Excellency,
In July 2005 this Congregation for the Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, by agreement with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, wrote to all Presidents of Conferences of Bishops to ask their considered opinion regarding the translation into the various vernaculars of the expression pro multis in the formula for the consecration of the Precious Blood during the celebration of Holy Mass (ref. Prot. n. 467/05/L of 9 July 2005).
The replies received from the Bishops' Conferences were studied by the two Congregations and a report was made to the Holy Father. At his direction, this Congregation now writes to Your Eminence / Your Excellency in the following terms:
1. A text corresponding to the words pro multis, handed down by the Church, constitutes the formula that has been in use in the Roman Rite in Latin from the earliest centuries. In the past 30 years or so, some approved vernacular texts have carried the interpretive translation "for all", "per tutti", or equivalents.
2. There is no doubt whatsoever regarding the validity of Masses celebrated with the use of a duly approved formula containing a formula equivalent to "for all", as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith has already declared (cf. Sacra Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, Declaratio de sensu tribuendo adprobationi versionum formularum sacramentalium, 25 Ianuarii 1974, AAS 66 [1974], 661). Indeed, the formula "for all" would undoubtedly correspond to a correct interpretation of the Lord's intention expressed in the text. It is a dogma of faith that Christ died on the Cross for all men and women (cf. John 11:52; 2 Corinthians 5,14-15; Titus 2,11; 1 John 2,2).
3. There are, however, many arguments in favour of a more precise rendering of the traditional formula pro multis:
a. The Synoptic Gospels (Mt 26,28; Mk 14,24) make specific reference to "many" ([Greek word transliterated as polloin])) for whom the Lord is offering the Sacrifice, and this wording has been emphasized by some biblical scholars in connection with the words of the prophet Isaiah (53, 11-12). It would have been entirely possible in the Gospel texts to have said "for all" (for example, cf. Luke 12,41); instead, the formula given in the institution narrative is "for many", and the words have been faithfully translated thus in most modern biblical versions.
b. The Roman Rite in Latin has always said pro multis and never pro omnibus in the consecration of the chalice.
c. The anaphoras of the various Oriental Rites, whether in Greek, Syriac, Armenian, the Slavic languages, etc., contain the verbal equivalent of the Latin pro multis in their respective languages.
d. "For many" is a faithful translation of pro multis, whereas "for all" is rather an explanation of the sort that belongs properly to catechesis.
e. The expression "for many", while remaining open to the inclusion of each human person, is reflective also of the fact that this salvation is not brought about in some mechanistic way, without one's willing or participation; rather, the believer is invited to accept in faith the gift that is being offered and to receive the supernatural life that is given to those who participate in this mystery, living it out in their lives as well so as to be numbered among the "many" to whom the text refers.
f. In line with the Instruction Liturgiam authenticam, effort should be made to be more faithful to the Latin texts in the typical editions.
4. The Bishops' Conferences of those countries where the formula "for all" or its equivalent is currently in use are therefore requested to undertake the necessary catechesis of the faithful on this matter in the next one or two years to prepare them for the introduction of a precise vernacular translation of the formula pro multis (e.g, "for many", "per molti", etc.) in the next translation of the Roman Missal that the Bishops and the Holy See will approve for use in their country.
With the expression of my high esteem and respect, I remain, Your Eminence/Your Excellency,
Devotedly Yours in Christ,
Francis Card. Arinze
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text:
using std::string;
using std::endl;
using std::cerr;
using std::ofstream;

void band::renormalization(double dx)
{
	double norm1 = (wf.adjoint()*wf)(0,0).real()*dx;
	double sqrt_norm = sqrt(norm1);
	density = density/norm1;
	wf = wf/sqrt_norm;
	return;
}

system_spec::system_spec (VectorXd dwidth, VectorXd dheight, string name1):
	region_num(dwidth.rows()), name(name1)
{
	region_width.resize(region_num); region_width = dwidth;
	region_height.resize(region_num); region_height = dheight;
};

system_spec::system_spec (int num, string express) {}

int system_spec::Write_system_spec ()
{
	double dx = region_width.sum()/100;
	string file_name = name + "_system.dat";
	ofstream file_system_spec(file_name.c_str(), ofstream::out);
	file_system_spec.precision(16);
	if (!file_system_spec) {
		cerr<< "error: unable to open input file:"<<endl;
		return -1;
	}
	for ( int j=0; j!=100; ++j) {
		double x = (j+0.5)*dx;
		int i=0;
		double diff=x-region_width(i);
		while (diff>0) {
			++i;
			diff=diff-region_width(i);
		}
		file_system_spec<<x<<" "<<region_height(i)<<endl;
	}
	file_system_spec.clear();
	file_system_spec.close();
	return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A spacious maisonette apartment for sale with a layout of three rooms + kitchenette and a total area of 107.1 m². The lower floor of the apartment measures 44.7 m², the upper 62.4 m². The apartment includes a terrace with a view of the Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord. The apartment is in the very desirable and attractive location of Prague 2 - Vinohrady.
The newly-refurnished (refurbishment took place in 2017), well-lit maisonette apartment is in excellent condition, on the top floor of a brick building with a lift. The rooms in the apartment are very spacious and airy, the interior is harmonized in light tones. The apartment has two bedrooms, a large living room with a dining area and a completely furnished kitchenette, bathroom with a bath and two separate toilets. A solid wooden staircase leads from the corridor on the lower floor to the upper floor; a second, smaller staircase links the upper floor with the dining area and kitchenette. The apartment includes a relaxing terrace with a view of Žižkov Tower and Plečnik's Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord on náměstí Jiřího z Poděbrad. The fittings and fixtures of the apartment for sale include a fully-equipped kitchenette with built-in appliances and a island extractor fan. The apartment has high-quality wooden floors. The apartment is heated using a gas boiler.


text:
'Harley Quinn' Review: DC Universe's New Animated Series is Funny, Violent, and Very R-Rated
Posted on Friday, November 22nd, 2019 by Chris Evangelista
Finally, here's a good reason to watch DC Universe. The DC streaming service hasn't exactly set the world on fire with its quality, and it made the most headlines when it canceled Swamp Thing almost immediately, even before the entire first season had streamed in full. On top of all that, rumors abound that the service's days are numbered, and that its content will be shifted over to the other Warner Bros. streaming service – HBO Max. But for now, DC Universe has landed itself a must-see series: Harley Quinn, a very R-Rated animated series that successfully takes the piss out of the entire Batman mythos, conjuring up a hilarious, irreverent piece of pop entertainment.
The relationship between Harley Quinn, a former psychiatrist-turned-villain, and the Joker has always been toxic – a fact that many can see, while others are woefully blind too, pairing the two up as some kind of iconic love story for the ages. Harley herself fits into that latter category – she's spent her entire criminal career being the Joker's punching bag, and as Harley Quinn kicks-off, she's still failed to see it, even though everyone around her – including the constantly droll Poison Ivy – is well aware.
After Joker sacrifices Harley in order to get away, she lands in Arkham for a full year – a year spent believing that any minute, her Mr. J is going to come spring her. But when that fails to happen, it finally starts to click: the Joker is the worst boyfriend in history, and it's time for her to strike out on her own. That's the basic set-up of Harley Quinn, and it allows the animated series to go down some bloody, foul-mouthed, consistently funny paths.
It helps to have a working knowledge of the characters and their world. If – by some odd chance – this is your first introduction into the Batman universe, you might find yourself a bit lost. But those well-versed in Bat-lore are going to have plenty to latch onto. At the same time, Harley Quinn isn't interested in playing by rules that govern the real world. Supervillains have their own breakroom where they gather and gossip. The animated Bane here has the same voice as the Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, and like that version of the character, his solution to seemingly every problem is to blow it the hell up. There's an entire episode where the characters attend the Penguin's son's bar mitzvah. In another episode, Robin shows up, and, as voiced by Jacob Tremblay, he's presented as an adorable little kid playing crimefighter rather than an actual superhero. It's all so wonderfully ridiculous.
Kaley Cuoco voices Harley, and she does her best to make the character her own rather than the now-iconic, thick-accented vocal work of original Harley actress Arleen Sorkin. Cuoco's comic timing is solid enough, and she manages to make Harley sympathetic despite – and because of – the character's flaws. The true vocal MVP of the series, though, is Lake Bell, who is an absolute delight as the perpetually acerbic and flustered. She's like a supervillain version of MTV's Daria, and part of the fun of the series is having Harley's constant bubbliness clash with Ivy's monotone approach to the world.
Alan Tudyk voices the Joker, who is constantly driving Harley up a wall. Tudyk's approach to the character seems to be to imitate Mark Hamill's famous Joker voice, and while it works fine, I would've liked to hear Tudyk bring his own distinct touch. But hey, if it ain't broke, don't fix it, I guess. Tudyk does get to flex his vocal chops by voicing other characters, like the forever dramatic Clayface, an actor-turned-villain who can't resist hamming it up at every turn.
Then there's Tony Hale, voicing diminutive Wonder Woman villain Doctor Psycho, a raging misogynist who ends up joining Harley's low-rent supervillain team after the Legion of Doom gives him the boot for saying the c-word on live TV. Hale gets to go as over-the-top as possible, and while his constant shrieking may exhaust some viewers, it worked for me.
After Harley gives Joker the boot, the Clown Prince of Crime complicates matters by telling everyone he dumped her. Boiling with rage – and still not really over Mr. J – Harley sets out to prove she's just as good a supervillain as Joker, if not better. She struggles to piece together her own gang, all with the hope of someday getting inducted into the Legion of Doom. Lurking in the background is Batman (Diedrich Bader), who has to contend with an eternally frazzled Commissioner Gordon (Christopher Meloni) as the cop begs Batman to be his best friend so he can complain about his failing marriage.
Harley works best in its early episodes, when it's telling what appear to be self-contained stories. Things flounder a bit in the back half of the season, where the show takes on a more serialized approach, with one episode leading directly into the next. This might make for better binge-watching, but Harley Quinn isn't being released in a binge-able format – the episodes will drop weekly rather than all at once. Should the show make it to a second season, the writers would be better off telling more standalone stories rather than one huge block broken up into half-hour bits.
Ultimately, Harley Quinn is a series about redemption. The show wants to redeem Harley as more than just "the Joker's girlfriend", and Harley herself wants to be redeemed into a powerful, independent figure. But that doesn't mean the show is in any danger of getting sincere about any of the topics it focuses on. After decades of Batman fans insisting the only way to handle the character and his world correctly was to be as dark and serious as possible, it's ironic that one of the best recent pieces of Bat-entertainment is as silly and unserious as humanly possible.
Harley Quinn premieres on DC Universe November 29.
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/Featured Stories Sidebar, Animation, Comedy, Comic Book/Superhero, DC Universe, Features, TV Reviews, Harley Quinn


text:
Roy Moore accuser Leigh Corfman sues him for defamation
Kate Scanlon
Failed Senate nominee Roy Moore stands off stage with members of his staff and his wife, Kayla, before addressing his supporters on Dec. 12 in Montgomery, Alabama. One of Moore's accusers filed a defamation lawsuit against him on Thursday. (Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images)
Leigh Corfman, who accused failed Alabama Republican Senate candidate Roy Moore of molesting her when she was just 14 and he was 32, filed a defamation lawsuit against him on Thursday, Al.com reported.
Corfman told the Washington Post in November that in 1979, Moore picked her up and brought her to his house, where he removed her clothes and stripped to his underwear. He then proceeded to touch her over her undergarments and placed her hand over his underwear.
In the same report, other women accused Moore of pursuing sexual encounters with them when they were teenagers and he was in his early 30s.
The allegations rocked the Senate race, and Moore lost the reliably red state to Democrat Doug Jones last month. Moore refused to concede the race, although Jones' margin of victory was too high for an automatic recount. Jones was sworn in as a senator on Wednesday.
Why is Corfman suing Moore?
On the campaign trail, Moore called the allegations false and his accusers liars. He claimed the allegations were an "effort by Mitch McConnell and his cronies to steal this election from the people of Alabama."
During the campaign, Corfman wrote an open letter to Moore demanding that he stop attacking her character, but she said he continued to do so.
In a Thursday statement provided to Al.com, Corfman said, "The decision to sue Mr. Moore and his campaign committee was difficult, but they need to be held responsible for their actions."
"Mr. Moore sexually abused me when I was only 14 years old," Corfman said. "Then he and his campaign called me a liar and immoral when I publicly disclosed his misconduct. They ignored my requests to stop attacking me and to acknowledge the truth. Just last week, after the election, they filed a lawsuit in which they once again called me a liar. By this lawsuit, I seek to do what I could not do as a 14-year-old — hold Mr. Moore and those who enable him accountable."
The lawsuit states that Moore and his campaign committee "defamed Ms. Corfman, repeatedly and in all forms of media, calling her a liar and questioning her motivation for publicly disclosing that Mr. Moore sexually abused her in 1979 when she was a 14-year-old high school freshman and he was a 32-year-old assistant district attorney."
In the lawsuit, Corfman said she wants Moore and his campaign to retract their defamatory statements about her, to offer her a public apology for those statements, and to refrain from making further statements about her. She also seeking the costs of the lawsuit and "further relief as permitted by law and as the court deems appropriate."
Leigh Corfman's suit against Roy Moore by Jeremy W. Gray on Scribd
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Damar Hamlin speaks publicly for first time since on-field collapse: 'With God's guidance, I will continue to do wonderful and great things'


Have you been contacted by a debt collector?
A debt collector cannot force you to pay off a debt from any of the following sources of income.
If you have been sued, tell the person or company that sued you about your protected source of income. You should also tell the judge.
If the protected funds are being taken from your bank account, you should make sure that your bank knows that the account contains exempt (protected) funds. You can also ask the court to stop the creditor from taking these funds. You will need to make a "Motion for Claim of Exemption." You can get the form from the court's Small Claims clerk's office, or from the court's Web site: www.dccourts.gov/dccourts/docs/civil/MotionForExemption.pdf.
Does this mean that I don't owe the money anymore?
No. It simply means that a collector cannot make you pay the debt from certain protected funds. If you have other funds (like employment income), the collector may seek payment from those funds.
For further information about protected funds, visit the court's Consumer Resource Center, located at 510 4th Street NW, Room 102, on Wednesdays between 9:15 a.m. and noon.


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What are the pros and cons of dealing with small law firms vs large law firms?
Being involved in a car wreck or the victim of a professional negligence/medical malpractice claim is overwhelming. You're scared, likely in pain, perhaps not working, and you really need someone who will fight for you.
In your research on finding the best lawyer to handle your claim, should you consider whether to hire a small firm or a large firm? Might that be important to you?
Just because a law firm has many members doesn't necessarily mean that it is better equipped to handle your particular claim.
For example, if there are 12 lawyers in a firm, and only one or two of them specialize in personal injury cases, then there's not much of a "manpower" advantage to hiring that firm, as opposed to a solo practitioner or a small firm.
However, sometimes it certainly does make sense to hire a larger firm.
If your case is complex and pursuing it will be expensive and very labor-intensive, then hiring a larger firm could well be an advantage. Solo practitioners may have a difficult time providing funding for a case like yours. You cannot allow yourself to be put in that situation. Your case must be given the financial backing it requires.
Then again, solo practice lawyers oftentimes have developed associations with larger firms who specialize in more complex, difficult and expensive cases. So it is possible for you to get the best of both worlds in that instance. You can get the personal attention from someone who is YOUR lawyer and who has already developed a good working relationship with a larger firm.
The solo practice lawyer can actually act as your advocate in that instance, and that can be very beneficial. Moreover, you, as the client, have the benefit of that personal relationship with your small firm lawyer as well as the benefit of the financial backing of a larger firm with whom YOUR lawyer has developed a working relationship. This can be of great benefit to you.
Regardless of the size of the firm, one of the most important considerations in choosing a lawyer is your level of confidence and trust that your lawyer will do good work in representing you and your family in your time of need.
It is important that you have the ability to develop a personal, professional relationship with your attorney, and that the lines of communication are kept open at all times.
Whether from a larger firm or a small firm, your lawyer must be available to you when you need him or her and must be responsive to your needs. A lawyer has an ethical obligation to meet those requirements.
At Stealey Law & Mediation, you will meet with Jim Stealey personally. If appropriate and in your best interests, Jim will discuss with you whether it might be advantageous to engage another, larger firm to assist in the preparation and development of your case. If so, Jim will recommend an association.
It is important to understand that if Jim does decide that the association of another lawyer or another firm will be beneficial to you, this WILL NOT result in an increase in your attorney's fees. Any fees paid to the lawyer or law firm which Jim associates on your case will come out of Jim's share of the recovery, not yours.


Virat Kohli-led Indian Test team beat Australia by a comprehensive 75 runs to level the 4-match series 1-1 as Ashwin registered his 25th five-wicket haul on 7 March.
Ripping through the Australian line-up were Ravindra Jadeja and Ravichandran Ashwin who took 6 wickets each in the first and second innings respectively. Supporting the bowling line-up for India was Umesh Yadav who kept the pressure on the batsman.
The flat picth did the trick for the Indian bowlers as the balls kept low which troubed the bastmen in the fourth day of the second Test. Scoring the highest runs for India was Cheteshwar Pujara who went back to the pavilion for 92 runs.
The partnershp between Rahane and Pujara helped team India salvage the match and give the visitors a mere target of 189 runs which proved difficult due to the pitch conditions.
KL Rahul was adjudged the Man of Match for his half centuries in both the innings.
India had scored 189 in first innings after opting to bat. In reply, Australia scored 276 in their first innings, taking a lead of 87 runs.
Hazlewood bowled his heart out with the second new ball, which was taken after 80 overs. Trailing 0-1 in the four-match series, India were overnight 213 for four with Cheteshwar Pujara, who would eventually fall for 92, batting on 79.
Hazlewood took the prize wickets of Abhinav Mukund, skipper Virat Kohli and Ravindra Jadeja yesterday and dismissed Pujara, Ravichandran Ashwin (4) and Umesh Yadav (1) in the fourth morning.
Bowling in tandem with Hazlewood, Starc rattled the Indian middle order by bagging the wickets of a well-set Ajinkya Rahane (52) and Karun Nair (0) off successive balls.
The last wicket was taken by Stephen O'Keefe when he removed Ishant Sharma for six off 28 balls, ending a dogged 16-run partnership.
Pujara and Rahane added 25 runs this morning before Rahane was trapped in front of the wicket by Starc.
Local lad Karun Nair, who had scored a brilliant triple century against England, failed for the second time in front of his home crowd as he was cleaned up by Starc.
Pujara was next to go as he was caught at gully by Mitchell Marsh off Hazlewood with the total reading 242 for seven.
In the same over, Ashwin was cleaned up by Hazlewood, and Ishant Sharma and Umesh Yadav did not survive long.
Shah Rukh Khan and Aamir Khan to team up soon. But is it for a film?
READ NEXT >> Shah Rukh Khan and Aamir Khan to team up soon. But is it for a film?


text:
Husker football blows out Northern Illinois 44-8, move to 2-1 overall
Jared Koller
jkoller@klkntv.com
FINAL: Nebraska football moves to 2-1 on the season with a 44-8 victory over Northern Illinois.
Courtesy: AP
Adrian Martinez threw for two touchdowns and ran for another, Dedrick Mills rushed for 116 yards and Nebraska beat Northern Illinois 44-8 on Saturday night.
The Cornhuskers (2-1) bounced back from blowing a 17-point lead in an overtime loss at Colorado last week. NIU (1-2) won 21-17 in Lincoln two years ago but was no match this time.
Nebraska had 525 yards of total offense, limited the Huskies to 74 yards rushing and posted its largest margin of victory over a Football Bowl Subdivision opponent since a 39-point win over South Alabama in 2015.
Martinez threw for 257 yards and had 301 yards of total offense, the ninth time in 14 career starts he's gone over 300.
Washington scored the Huskers' first two touchdowns on their way to a 30-5 lead at half. He took a short forward pitch from Martinez to the end zone right after Austin Allen recovered punter Matt Ference's fumbled snap at the NIU 21.
Three series later, Washington ran left and beat safety Trequan Smith to the corner. Safety Marshe Terry had an angle on him, but Washington zoomed past him for a 60-yard run, the longest of his career.
Mills, who broke a 61-yard run in the first quarter but fumbled on the next play, scored from 24 yards and Kanawai Noa caught a 27-yard TD pass just before half. Noa grabbed the ball away from NIU cornerback Jalen McKie in the back of the end zone and initially was ruled out of bounds. A video review showed he got his left foot down inbounds and controlled the ball.
The Huskers mounted a goal-line stand early in the fourth quarter to deny NIU a touchdown, with Eli Sullivan breaking up a pass on fourth down from the 1.
Northern Illinois: The Huskies were competitive for a half against 11th-ranked Utah last week. Against Nebraska, they couldn't establish a ground game and Ross Bowers, who threw for 248 yards, didn't find his rhythm until his team was down four touchdowns.
Nebraska: The Huskers did what they needed to do before they open Big Ten play. They took a couple hits to their health, though. Safety Cam Taylor-Britt left with what appeared to be a shoulder injury in the second quarter and left tackle Brenden Jaimes had to be helped off the field in the fourth.
NIU safety Trayshon Foster was ejected for targeting in the first quarter. He led with his helmet when he hit receiver JD Spielman above the shoulders on an incomplete pass along the sideline.
Kicker Isaac Armstrong, whose miss from 48 yards ended the Huskers' overtime loss at Colorado, had plenty of leg on a 36-yard field goal to open the scoring. But he had an extra point and 37- and 32-yard tries blocked. Armstrong, the starting punter, has been filling in as kicker for the injured Barret Pickering. Lane McCallum, an Air Force transfer listed as a safety, kicked two extra points in the second half.
Punting and kickoffs were adventures for NIU. Ference fumbled a snap and had a punt blocked. Instead of tempting fate, the Huskies lined up as if they were going for it on fourth down twice in the second quarter and had Bowers pooch punt out of the shotgun. The Huskies also had two kickoffs go out of bounds.
Northern Illinois plays Vanderbilt on Sept. 28 in its third straight road game against a Power Five conference opponent.
Nebraska opens Big Ten play at Illinois next Saturday.
More post game reaction:
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Buffalo County deputy returns after being injured in crash
Man arrested months after peeping through bedroom window, Lincoln Police say


text:
Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity
Yonatan Loewenstein, H. Sebastian Seung
The probability of choosing an alternative in a long sequence of repeated choices is proportional to the total reward derived from that alternative, a phenomenon known as Herrnstein's matching law. This behavior is remarkably conserved across species and experimental conditions, but its underlying neural mechanisms still are unknown. Here, we propose a neural explanation of this empirical law of behavior. We hypothesize that there are forms of synaptic plasticity driven by the covariance between reward and neural activity and prove mathematically that matching is a generic outcome of such plasticity. Two hypothetical types of synaptic plasticity, embedded in decision-making neural network models, are shown to yield matching behavior in numerical simulations, in accord with our general theorem. We show how this class of models can be tested experimentally by making reward not only contingent on the choices of the subject but also directly contingent on fluctuations in neural activity. Maximization is shown to be a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity driven by the sum of the covariances between reward and all past neural activities.
Rational choice theory
Dive into the research topics of 'Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Reward Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Neuronal Plasticity Medicine & Life Sciences 98%
Computer Neural Networks Medicine & Life Sciences 33%
Loewenstein, Y., & Seung, H. S. (2006). Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(41), 15224-15229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505220103
Loewenstein, Yonatan ; Seung, H. Sebastian. / Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006 ; Vol. 103, No. 41. pp. 15224-15229.
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title = "Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity",
abstract = "The probability of choosing an alternative in a long sequence of repeated choices is proportional to the total reward derived from that alternative, a phenomenon known as Herrnstein's matching law. This behavior is remarkably conserved across species and experimental conditions, but its underlying neural mechanisms still are unknown. Here, we propose a neural explanation of this empirical law of behavior. We hypothesize that there are forms of synaptic plasticity driven by the covariance between reward and neural activity and prove mathematically that matching is a generic outcome of such plasticity. Two hypothetical types of synaptic plasticity, embedded in decision-making neural network models, are shown to yield matching behavior in numerical simulations, in accord with our general theorem. We show how this class of models can be tested experimentally by making reward not only contingent on the choices of the subject but also directly contingent on fluctuations in neural activity. Maximization is shown to be a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity driven by the sum of the covariances between reward and all past neural activities.",
keywords = "Decision making, Neuroeconomics, Rational choice theory, Reinforcement learning",
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Loewenstein, Y & Seung, HS 2006, 'Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 103, no. 41, pp. 15224-15229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505220103
Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity. / Loewenstein, Yonatan; Seung, H. Sebastian.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 103, No. 41, 10.10.2006, p. 15224-15229.
T1 - Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity
AU - Loewenstein, Yonatan
AU - Seung, H. Sebastian
N2 - The probability of choosing an alternative in a long sequence of repeated choices is proportional to the total reward derived from that alternative, a phenomenon known as Herrnstein's matching law. This behavior is remarkably conserved across species and experimental conditions, but its underlying neural mechanisms still are unknown. Here, we propose a neural explanation of this empirical law of behavior. We hypothesize that there are forms of synaptic plasticity driven by the covariance between reward and neural activity and prove mathematically that matching is a generic outcome of such plasticity. Two hypothetical types of synaptic plasticity, embedded in decision-making neural network models, are shown to yield matching behavior in numerical simulations, in accord with our general theorem. We show how this class of models can be tested experimentally by making reward not only contingent on the choices of the subject but also directly contingent on fluctuations in neural activity. Maximization is shown to be a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity driven by the sum of the covariances between reward and all past neural activities.
AB - The probability of choosing an alternative in a long sequence of repeated choices is proportional to the total reward derived from that alternative, a phenomenon known as Herrnstein's matching law. This behavior is remarkably conserved across species and experimental conditions, but its underlying neural mechanisms still are unknown. Here, we propose a neural explanation of this empirical law of behavior. We hypothesize that there are forms of synaptic plasticity driven by the covariance between reward and neural activity and prove mathematically that matching is a generic outcome of such plasticity. Two hypothetical types of synaptic plasticity, embedded in decision-making neural network models, are shown to yield matching behavior in numerical simulations, in accord with our general theorem. We show how this class of models can be tested experimentally by making reward not only contingent on the choices of the subject but also directly contingent on fluctuations in neural activity. Maximization is shown to be a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity driven by the sum of the covariances between reward and all past neural activities.
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KW - Neuroeconomics
KW - Rational choice theory
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Loewenstein Y, Seung HS. Operant matching is a generic outcome of synaptic plasticity based on the covariance between reward and neural activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006 Oct 10;103(41):15224-15229. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505220103


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text:
Ground-Level Retail Enlivening Fern Street in Pentagon City
ARLnow.com September 3, 2010 at 1:18pm
It used to be a sleepy street full of warehouses and warehouse stores. Now the three blocks of Fern Street between 12th and 15th Streets are starting to come to life thanks to high-end apartments and a growing roster of ground-level retailers.
The block's main attractions at this point are the Costco on the north side of the street and the Gramercy and Millennium at Metropolitan Park luxury apartment buildings on the south side. The relatively recent addition of a Dunkin' Donuts has helped the block attract some more lunch and breakfast foot traffic — adding to the brave souls who patronize an old greasy spoon called Nell's Carry Out, which resides in a trailer across from the old DHL warehouse.
Slowly but surely, though, more retail is arriving. A dry cleaner and a bank moved into retail bays at the Gramercy around the same time as Dunkin' Donuts. A UPS Store is under construction down the block. And the U.S. Post Office that's currently on Eads Street will eventually be moving to the ground floor of the Millennium.
There's plenty more space to fill. One retail bay of special interest is a specially-designated restaurant space in the Millennium. The building's leasing agent has been entertaining nibbles from some restaurateurs. We hear that Lost Dog Cafe has expressed interest, as has an Italian restaurant, identity unknown.
A half block off Fern Street is a privately-constructed park with lots of potential. The neatly-landscaped open space — courtesy of Kettler, the developer behind the Gramercy and the Millennium — is big enough to be much more than the defacto dog toilet that it currently serves as. In June, Kettler used it for a party that included "live music, local vendors, a tricycle race, food, drink and a variety of fun activities." Next summer, management tells us, it will host a series of outdoor concerts.
In the longer term, there may be even more retail space in need of tenants. That's because Kettler is only a quarter of the way through its planned Metropolitan Park development. Six more buildings are expected to be built by 2025, for a total of 3,200 apartments and/or condos. Given the red-hot Pentagon City housing market, and the fact that the Millennium managed to surpass the 80 percent occupied mark just six months after opening its doors, it's probably a safe bet that the development will continue despite the struggling economy.
For a place that's still surrounded by warehouses and the occasional instance of gang graffiti, the Kettler apartments on Fern Street sure are pricey. The smallest studios at the Millennium start at $1,510 per month.
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