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Hottest Halloween Movie Actresses
by MAXIM Alec Piliafas
Sarah Michelle Gellar, The Grudge (2004)
Finest Moment: Continually wandering round her house alternately opening doors, getting scared and falling over, but looking oddly adorable as she does so.We love a woman who doesn't want either cats or children.
Survival Status: Unknown. Despite taking a beating, our plucky heroine looks like she's going to make it to the end credits un-deaded – but then she gets a surprise visit at the morgue. Sad trombone noise…
Natalie Jackson Mendoza,The Descent (2005)Finest Moment: Triggering the eye-watering finale of the spelunking-based monster movie by earlier sleeping with her friend's husband, as well as being a dab-hand at impaling flesh-eating cave crawlers with a pick-axe.
Survival status: Unknown. Her death is very heavily implied, but she shows up in the sequel to kill a few more beasts. However, the sequel followed off from the alternative, US market ending, which differed from the original European release, so it depends which version you're watching. Confused yet? Good! Let's go spelunking!
Adrienne Barbeau, Swamp Thing (1982)
Finest Moment: Taking a long, relaxing, naked bath in a humid, filthy swamp, while a giant plant monster watches her from the bushes, apparently trying to blow his nose on a book.
Survival status: Pass. If you count ending up with a living vegetable for a boyfriend as living, that is. Hey, some people do, you know!
Ali Larter, Final Destination(2000)
Finest Moment: Narrowly avoiding being impaled by a flying drying rack, electrocuted by an entire pool's worth of sparking, zappy water, dropped by a loose roof tile, blown up by an exploding TV, impaled by a falling beam and incinerated by a burning car – all in the space of a little under five minutes.
Survival status: Pass. This girl lives to act another day in the sequel, where she is subsequently put to the test once more to see if she can survive. Check out this sexy star in the second thriller to see if she survives! (SPOILER: SHE DOESN'T.)
Emmanuelle Chriqui,Wrong Turn (2003)
Finest Moment: Guess what? Cannibalistic mountain men are not the best vacation buddies! Emmanuelle looked great running around in her little tank top, but the mutant-faced, blood-drenched hillbillies detracted somewhat from the view.
Survival status: Fail. She takes an axe to the mouth from a mountain man and dies instantly, the top half of her head still stuck to the tree she naively tried to hide behind. Insert your own "head" or "chopper" jokes here, we're too busy throwing up in our own mouths.
Megan Fox, Jennifer's Body(2009)
Finest Moment: Amanda Seyfried and Megan Fox go at it: Best. Scene. Ever!Jennifer, a cheerleader, is now a succubus, and needs to eat human flesh to stay alive. We hear the same is true of Wendy Williams, but for legal reasons, we can't print that as fact.
Survival status: Fail. She gets penetrated again and again by a utility knife. We get it, you wanted every move toward Megan Fox to be a sexual innuendo. Enough already!
Olivia Munn, Insanitarium(2008)
Finest Moment: She goes around covered in hot goo the entire movie as she fights every crazed patient that she's ever encountered, in a scene not too dissimilar to what happens every time she visits the Maxim office (Olivia, is it just us, or have you visited less frequently lately?) She works in a testing facility (that advertises itself as an asylum) where it tests pharmaceuticals on patients. Predictably enough, it drives them to eat one another as hot nurse Olivia looks for a way out. You go, you plucky nerd nurse, you!
Survival status: Fail. Go figure they kill the one hot girl towards the end of the movie as some crazed zombie nurse chomps down on her neck. A scene that we have in no way reenacted at home with a giant salami and a brown wig, no siree.
Shannon Elizabeth, Jack Frost (1997)Finest Moment: Having an indulgent (and very naked) bath, right before encountering Jack Frost, a serial killer with a freak mutation who escaped prison right before his planned execution (did Alec Baldwin dig him a tunnel or something?)
Survival status: Fail. She gets her head smashed against a wall in a death scene that's somehow even more undignified than actually getting molested by a real snowman.
Asia Argento, Land of the Dead (2005)Finest Moment: She blows up half the movie with explosives and machine guns wearing nothing but fishnets. That's because Asia's character is a zombie-killing prostitute who gets tossed into a zombie arena as punishment (which is a wild fucking coincidence, because that's exactly how we got back in touch with our estranged dad).
Survival status: Pass. This badass lady powers through the undead and still manages to walk away with her leather boots and machine gun while smoking a blunt (do we sound cool when we say words like "blunt"? We hope so. Last time we referred to it as a "jazz cigarette", and the children on the bus laughed at us).
Olivia Wilde, Turistas (2006)
Finest Moment: What happens when American hotties go on vacation to a beach? Bikinis and, of course, kidnapping! But mainly bikinis, at least in the first act. She and her friends find themselves on the run from Brazilian men who want to harvest their organs, and not in a sexy way. Olivia's wardrobe includes a bikini, short shorts, another bikini, tank tops, bras, and more bikinis. And they're normally doused in sea water, to boot.
Survival status: Pass. Based on standard law of "main characters must survive" (real original, Hollywood!) she manages to avoid getting her organs – wait, we already made the "not in a sexy way" joke, right? Damn. That's us spent. Come back tomorrow.
Erica Durance, House of the Dead (2003)
Finest Moment: This party girl passes the en-durance test with her sexy topless scene on the beach, but totally fails the girlfriend test when she goes for a swim in the water while her boyfriend is being murdered.
Survival status: Fail. She's a sexy party animal and one of the first to go. She might be known for being Lois Lane on Smallville, but Superman must have a weakness to the undead, because they kill the shit out of her (dubbed into French in this version, to make it less tragic).
Patricia Arquette,Nightmare on Elm Street 3: The Dream Warriors (1987)
Finest Moment: Realizing she has the power to kick Freddy Kreuger's ass by bringing all her friends into her dream, where they suddenly all get superpowers. If you can call being a knife-wielding junkie a superpower.
Survival status: Pass. Freddy slits this girl's wrists, but she manages to survive by the skin of her teeth, despite the least subtle Freudian dream imagery we've ever seen.
Salma Hayek, From Dusk Till Dawn (1996)
Finest Moment: The sexy hell-spawn (we mean your character, not you, Salma. Call us?) dances it up with a snake in between her thighs on table tops while drinking beers and killing the shit out of late-90s Quentin Tarantino (considering his 2000s output, not such a bad idea).
Survival status: Fail. The vampire vixen gets impaled by a falling chandelier after trying to make George Clooney her pet (just be careful around the house, Stacy Keibler, that's all we're saying).
Kelly Brook, Piranha 3D(2010)
Finest Moment: Every second the British bombshell is running around in her bikini, which is a pretty big chunk of screen time. Certainly bigger than the chunks her character ended up as (seriously, piranha poop is small, y'all).
Survival status: Fail. Following the age-old law of horror movies that "the most attractive girl with the best boobs must always die" (what the fuck, Hollywood?),Kelly was eaten face-first by a ravenous pool of mutated piranhas. And that was just her first meeting with the movie's producers!


So it's been over a month since the Think or Swim / TD Ameritrade accounts merging fiasco started. I've always been an ardent supporter of Think or Swim since I first started trading with them. There was so much that was great about them! Their developers would release new updates and features almost monthly for ThinkDesktop. Email support was responsive. You could actually reach and converse with the platform developers. From customer education, to seamless integration of stocks and futures, not to mention the mind-blowing complex options transactions that were easy as a click to analyze and trade–and decently discounted commissions to boot. It was the ultimate setup for the advanced-amateur / semi-pro trader. Almost everyone I can think of on my Twitter and StockTwits streams seemed to have accounts with them. Their iOS trading app was the best in existence. I used it every day, and it had come to be my primary platform for the trading I have been doing. The few warts that ToS had would show up on occasional fast market opens, and quotes might be delayed for 5-10 minutes, then it was fixed. Not a big deal for the most part.
1. iPhone app not working. It stopped accepting orders from me. The app would crash and lose connection to the servers. But all of this was back end stuff; the app still worked great. When TD "updated" it to include multi-tasking, they broke the charts if you had any futures symbols in your lists. It's now unusable. They took the best mobile trading system in the business and turned it into utter garbage.
2. Account segregation. Futures were (and still are) in a separate account from stocks/options. This was a problem because I managed my futures intraday margin (which is high, but hey, it's a retail broker) in combination with my swing trades and options positions. Spitting them out was a non-starter for me. So I sat by and waited for the integration that the ToS team was trying to implement, missing the best month in years for futures daytrading.
3. Spotty connections and platform glitches in thinkDesktop. The data stream is intermittent and keeps dropping out. I have to really fight with the platform just to keep working. Lots of restarts.
4. For much of the morning yesterday, TD was just down. No quotes, no positions or orders, nothing. The streams were full of people experiencing these issues. It was a major outage right when things were dicey in the markets and traders needed to hedge and position for the volatility. This is bad enough if the systems were working fine during the uptime, but in light of the other problems its just about the final straw.
The infuriating thing is that the entire system worked fine under ToS. If TD had just bought ToS and operated it as a separate division none of this would have happened. But integration was going to happen, and they pushed it through. And just like that, TD has become the Yahoo of brokers–buying up great companies and capability and slowly killing them off through mismanagement and incompetence. "We're doing the best we can, be patient" only goes so far. Maybe intentions are enough inside a big company (or the government), but for traders who eat what they kill, they can't make it by on promises, excuses and hope. In that regard, I'm lucky to have full-time employment. I don't depend on trading for an income. But I know people that do who have been hit hard by this situation. Were I in their shoes, I'd have been long gone long ago from this mess. But patience was something I could afford to have. As I struggled to get quotes and to close a position Friday morning, I finally accepted to myself that ToS is dead as a viable broker for me, and it's time for me to move on as a trader. I felt sick looking at my year-to-date commissions. For the amount of money I paid ToS/TD this year, I could have bought a lifetime license to Ninja Trader. Instead, I bought sub-par service at a premium price, along with the aggravation and stress of the system problems. I bought broken software and a back office nightmare.
I used to be happy to say I was a ToS customer and would recommend them to people at every opportunity. I built this blog and a lot of my custom work and development around them. I even held out public optimism that TD would just let ToS keep doing it's thing back when they bought them out. But so far, that was all misguided. And here I am at the crossroads.
I'm looking for another all-in-one broker to replace Think or Swim as my trading outfit. I'm seriously considering ending my code development and support for the ToS platform. If I can't find a good stocks/options/futures broker that fits my needs, I may switch to Mirus, Amp or another futures introducing broker with low intraday margins and commissions and support for Ninja Trader. If I have to segregate my accounts, there are cheaper and more capable solutions out there. I have neglected Ninja development in place of ToS work, and it's becoming clear going forward that this is a mistake.
Anyway, that's where I'm at. Just sad and disgusted that our incredible top-tier outfit has been rendered impotent and will languish until its demise. So far, MB Trading is looking like a good bet for a replacement. They even have an SDK for developers to work with their accounts. A lot of potential there. If anyone has experience using MB as a broker, please leave a comment and give me your opinion of their brokerage service.
I'm not burning down all the bridges with ToS yet. I guess some part of me still holds out some hope for a good outcome. It's just looking less and less likely to arrive.
Alas poor ToS, I knew thee well.


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Woman Receives Flowers At Work – She Can't Believe Who They're From!
Lakeisha Ethans 2 years ago 1 Comment
Theresa Potratz has always trained all the pups in her care to be well-behaved, obedient, and as polite and well-mannered as could be. So when her family got a new Cavalier King Charles spaniel named Murphy, she thought it wouldn't be too difficult to do the same for him.
Credit: Theresa Potratz
But it proved to be an impossible task. Murphy was extremely aggressive towards food and toys, and he constantly wanted to chew and bite at pretty much everything he saw. Theresa tried as hard as she could to adjust his bad habits, but to no avail. Then one day, disaster struck, and his chewing and eating caused Murphy to end up with something lodged in his digestive tract. He had to undergo surgery and was rushed to the vet.
Unfortunately, that marked the first of many vet visits and surgeries, which all culminated in Murphy needing to be hand fed. Theresa did everything she could in her power to alter the damaging behavior, even sending him for corrective training lessons, but it was all in vain.
As a pup, it goes without saying that Murphy didn't understand that his actions were causing heartbreak for the family. He was only doing what he felt compelled to do. But one day, Theresa couldn't take it anymore and broke down, frustrated with herself and with Murphy as neither of them had successfully weaned him off of his behavior.
But the next morning, a little encouragement came in the form of a surprise delivery of flowers to the Theresa's workplace. When Theresa read the card, she teared up. It was addressed to her from Murphy – purchased on the pup's behalf by her husband – and it said: "Sorry I was a bad puppy, I will be a better dog I promise."
The simply gesture gave Theresa the strength and encouragement she needed to keep trying, and she knew that in Murphy's little heart, if he understood what he had done, he would have shared the sentiments of the card. Murphy is an adult now, and although he still is fed by hand, his behavioral problems have decreased, and Theresa has never once lost faith in him again.
Different Looking Puppy Finds The Best Big Brother To Help Her Love And Grow!
Lakeisha Ethans March 7, 2018
This 9 Year Old Gets Thousands of Dollars from Mom to Become "Barbie Doll"
Nick February 1, 2018
Clever Dog Doesn't Want To Be Left Out So He Creates His Personal Peephole!
Injured Dog Finds The Perfect Best Friend And Together They Help Each Other Heal
Lakeisha Ethans February 13, 2018
Man Spots Scared And Abandoned Puppy Wrapped In A Blanket And Dumped In A Ditch
Lakeisha Ethans February 9, 2018
Woman Adopts Senior Dog Only To Realize She's Loved Her Since She Was 10!
Sherry Webster April 13, 2018
What a touching story. I'm glad Murphy has improved a bit.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ryan (R-Wis.) said Wednesday he will not seek reelection in November, throwing an already fractious House into tumult and dealing another blow to Republican hopes of holding on to power in Congress.
Late-night hosts began bidding Paul Ryan farewell - or perhaps good riddance - Wednesday evening, hours after the speaker of the House announced he won't be seeking re-election in November. The many in Washington who personally like Ryan often wonder how he could so readily cozy up to Trump and empower House members - notably Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes - who have turned themselves into propagandists for Trump's desperate quest to escape accountability.
One of the most notable potential candidates is Assembly Speaker Robin Vos, who spent Wednesday in Washington, D.C., along with several Republican state leaders. "He is an astute politician and I am sure he saw the chances of winning had diminished greatly", said Cathy Myers. "It's just another issue that's floating out there, and obviously there's going to be some competition for his successor".
Growing emotional at points, Ryan said family considerations weighed heavily on his retirement, explaining that his daughter was 13 when he became speaker and he did not want to be a remote figure in her teenage years.
Ryan acknowledged Wednesday that "more work needs to be done. This is my 20th year in Congress. My kids weren't even born when I was first elected.
In an email requesting further comment, Ryan said the resignation was "a clear sign of the Democratic wave" coming this year.
He said he did not want to be known by his children as "only a weekend dad". Ryan has been "a steady force in contrast to the president's more mercurial tone", said Rep. Mark Sanford of South Carolina. "One of the issues that really upset the people of the district is that he's been MIA".
Given all these considerations, it becomes easier to understand why a relatively young man would leave such an important job - seemingly at the top of his game.
The US media report that he and the president have had a difficult relationship, which they suggest has made his job as House Speaker frustrating. Ryan has become the party's most important fundraiser in the House, and Republicans have been counting on him to help them collect and spend tens of millions of dollars defending their majority this fall.
House Speaker Paul Ryan's leadership lieutenants say it's not yet time to jockey to succeed him.
"I think his legacy on fiscal policy, on poverty policy, on entitlements is an extremely negative one, " said Jared Bernstein, former chief economist to former vice president Joe Biden.
During a press conference on Capitol Hill, Ryan said that he will serve out his term and retire from Congress in January, adding that he wanted to spend more time with his family.
The Freedom Caucus also clashed with Ryan but never directly challenged his authority, joining forces enthusiastically in the tax cut for business and the wealthy enacted in December 2017, which was Ryan's sole major legislative "achievement" as speaker as far as the financial aristocracy was concerned. "He said Ryan is ready to devote more of his time to being a husband and a father". "Paul Ryan decided to quit today rather than face Randy Bryce and the voters", said campaign Communications Director Lauren Hitt.
The measure will be placed on the Senate Judiciary Committee's agenda next week, the panel's top Democrat, Dianne Feinstein, said in a statement Wednesday evening.
Ryan himself put his finger on it in his first remarks to reporters after his announcement. Rumours had been swirling in conservative circles for months that he was eying the exits. The lawyers have told Trump that firing the special counsel would leave the president vulnerable to charges of obstruction of justice, and have said that he must have "good cause" to order Rosenstein to oust Mueller, the officials said. Ryan and his wife Janna have three teenagers.
After the plunge following the Tesla crash, the company's stock also became the most profitable short in the U.S. Traditionally, and according to Wilder, RSI is considered overbought when above 70 and oversold when below 30.
Of course, this may all be immaterial. "Jürgen is a terrific coach and he's capable of motivating his team ahead of every game". A Belgian and Brazilian as traditionally English as they come for 90 minutes - I can't wait for that one.
If so, Facebook could be subject to hefty fines. "'It would make the ads less relevant", said Mr Zuckerberg . Shares in Facebook posted their biggest daily gain in nearly two years on Tuesday, closing up 4.5 percent.
Zuckerberg is facing questions about Facebook's involvement in various data-privacy scandals and how it can address those issues. A list of applications that Facebook has previously banned because data was transferred in violation of Facebook's terms.
Isco, 25, recently scored a hat-trick against Argentina for Spain but it was his post-match comments that made the headlines. A high-intensity start for the Reds was enough to blow their competition out of the water in just 30 minutes.
Borussia Dortmund reagiert mit einem souveränen 3:0-Sieg gegen Aufsteiger Stuttgart auf das 0:6-Debakel bei Bayern München. Nach sehenswertem Zusammenspiel mit Nuri Sahin erhöhte Neuzugang Batshuayi mit seinem bereits siebten Saisontor auf 2:0.
Los economistas creen que en cualquier caso el plan de aranceles resultará contraproducente. Entre ellos estaba el viceprimer ministro Liu He, responsable de la política económica.
Nokia currently sells smartphones ranging from the entry-level model Nokia 1 priced at Rs 5,499 to Nokia 8 available at Rs 29,000. Android Authority reports that it will run a lite version of Facebook and WhatsApp, which could make it logical to buy in 2019.


Black holes are places in space so dense, with such immense gravity, that beyond a certain boundary called the "event horizon," light cannot escape. Using a technique called very long baseline interferometry, eight telescopes around the world were able to collect data from the black hole at the center of the galaxy M87 back in 2017. Researchers combined radio-wave data from each telescope, creating the image. While the final image is not a photograph and required significant data analysis and modelling to create, several independent techniques were used to process the data, and the shadow always remained in the final images, according to one of the papers.
Most importantly, this image once again proves that the main theory that physicists use to explain the force of gravity, the theory of general relativity, is correct. Yale astrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan told Gizmodo in an email that the picture also offers the strongest evidence yet that what we've long thought about galaxies is true—that they contain supermassive black holes at their centres that contain points-of-no-return for light, called event horizons. In short, they're not just big dense balls, but something scarier.
This alone is a huge deal. Despite their chaos, general relativity says that a black hole's behaviour can be predicted based on just three properties: its mass, spin, and electric charge. Much smaller black holes seem follow these rules, as per observations from the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors, which measure disturbances in spacetime from black holes colliding. But perhaps there's something we weren't seeing, some effect that only comes about in larger black holes, and maybe these potential differences could help describe some mysteries of the Universe, like dark matter.


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Jewett City è un centro abitato (borough) degli Stati Uniti d'America, situato nello stato del Connecticut, nella contea di New London.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Borough del Connecticut

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The input menu for telephone numbers is opened. The input field for the telephone number is blank.
Select the individual digits in the telephone number one after the other.
Always enter the telephone number with the area code.
Pressing the Lift handset button on the PCM opens the quick dial menu. This menu contains a list of the last numbers dialed.
Press the Lift handset button on the PCM.
Select the person you want to talk to.
Select the first list entry "Dial number".
The input menu for telephone numbers opens.
Enter the telephone number you want.
touch the displayed number for at least one second.
You can hold an active call by pressing the Lift handset button on the PCM.
The menu items "New call", "Take call", and "End call" are then available for you to select.
To continue the call, press the Lift handset button on the PCM again.
After a Bluetooth connection has been established between the PCM and the cell phone, the PCM attempts to transfer the phonebook data from the cell phone. You can prevent this automatic phonebook transfer by deactivating the "Auto update" function. To find out more, please refer to the section "Setting automatic transfer of the phonebook" on page 69.


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El Đồng es la moneda de curso legal de Vietnam desde el 3 de mayo de 1978. Su código ISO 4217 es VND. El símbolo monetario es una d barrada y subrayada (₫). Oficialmente, se divide en 10 hào o 100 xu.

Historia

Vietnam del Norte

En 1946, el gobierno de Vietnam del Norte introdujo su propia moneda, el đồng, que sustituyó a la piastra de la Indochina francesa a la par. Le siguieron dos revaluaciones, en 1951 y 1958, la primera a 100:1 y la segunda a 1000:1

Vietnam del Sur

En 1953 se emitieron billetes denominados tanto en piastras como en đồng. El 22 de septiembre de 1975 tras la caída de Saigón, la moneda de Vietnam del Sur se sustituyó por un nuevo đồng con una tasa de cambio de 500:1

Vietnam unificado
Tras la reunificación de Vietnam el 3 de mayo de 1978 el đồng también se unificó. El nuevo đồng equivalía a 1 đồng de Vietnam del Norte, o 0,80 đồng de Vietnam del Sur. El 14 de septiembre de 1985 el đồng se revaluó, valiendo 10 đồng antiguos. Con esta revaluación empezó un ciclo de inflación crónica que continuó hasta bien entrados los años 1990. En la actualidad es una de las monedas con menor valor en el mundo.

Monedas
En 1978 (fechadas en 1976) se acuñaron monedas de aluminio en denominaciones de 1, 2 y 5 hao y 1 đồng. Debido a la inflación, las monedas no circularon durante muchos años. Desde 1986 se acuñan monedas conmemorativas en cobre, latón, cuproníquel, plata y oro, sin embargo nunca han estado en circulación.

El 17 de diciembre de 2003, el Banco Estatal de Vietnam emitió una nueva serie de monedas. Las nuevas monedas, acuñadas en Finlandia, tienen las denominaciones de 200, 500, 1000, 2000 y 5000 đồng. Antes de estas acuñaciones, los vietnamitas tenían que cambiar los billetes por fichas auxiliares antes de adquirir bienes de las máquinas expendedoras.

Billetes
En 1978, el Banco Estatal de Vietnam introdujo los primeros billetes de 5 hao, 1, 5, 10, 20 y 50 đồng fechados en 1976. En 1980 se añadieron los billetes de 2 y 10 đồng, seguidos de los de 30 y 100 đồng en 1981.

En 1985 se introdujeron nuevos billetes de 5 hao, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 y 500 đong. Como la inflación seguía creciendo se añadieron más billetes de 200, 1000, 2000 y 5000 dong en 1987, 10 000 y 50 000 dong en 1990, 20 000 đong en 1991, 100 000 đồng en 1994, 500 000 đong en 2003 y 200 000 dong en 2006.

Hasta la fecha se han emitido cinco series de billetes. Exceptuando las series actuales de 2003, todas las series anteriores se confundían entre sí y no tenían un diseño unificado.

Desde 2003, Vietnam ha sustituido todos los billetes impresos en papel de algodón por billetes de polímero.

Cheques al portador (1992-2002)
Entre 1992 y 2002 para hacer posibles las grandes transacciones realizadas a nivel industrial, el Banco Estatal de Vietnam emitió cheques al portador (Ngân Phiếu Thanh Toán) en denominaciones que iban de los 100 000 a los 5 000 000 de đồng. Para evitar las falsificaciones, estos cheques cambiaban cada 5 o 6 meses sus medidas de seguridad, y además caducaban en el mismo periodo de tiempo. Estos cheques estuvieron circulando hasta que el sistema bancario vietnamita se adaptó a las nuevas tecnologías y pudo realizar transacciones electrónicas con grandes cantidades.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (2008). Standard Catalog of World Coins: (1901–2008). Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-89689-713-7.
 Pick, Albert (2009). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, Modern Issues, 1961-Presente. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.

Enlaces externos
 Colección de billetes y monedas de Vietnam y de la Indochina Francesa, en inglés

Đồng vietnamita
Đồng vietnamita
Đồng vietnamita


If an items needs to be returned, the customer is responsible for the return shipping fees and should obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA). Please contact our Customer Service Department at (260) 665-5959 to discuss the reason for the return and make the necessary arrangements. The amount of the refund will be based on the purchase price of your products and may include a restocking fee.


If you are clocking in your 30's, various factors are making you tensed and bad. Your facial skin gets shrinkage and wrinkles occur on the cheeks and under the eyes. Aging can cause various problems on the skin. Due to pull of gravity, skin loses the elasticity and bulges down. You look just 20 years older than your actual age. This makes you uncomfortable to go out. But have you thought about the facelift surgery? It is one of the popular types of cosmetic surgery, which is gaining importance in these days. Various clinics are offering this treatment at the low price.
If you are considering face or neck lift, it is obvious that you are having certain questions in your mind. Like you, other patients are having many queries regarding this treatment. Let this article help you to clear some of the doubts related to it.
The patient, who is having good health, sound non-smoker and is not taking the blood thinning medications, is perfect for this surgery. If you are taking the blood thinners, try to avoid them before two weeks of this surgery. This treatment is only applicable to those who have sagging or looseness in the skin throughout the face. You should have realistic expectations from the surgery. One of the primary matters is that you should go for the consultation from the doctor. Hear the technique carefully from the surgeon. Many renowned clinics host experienced surgeons offering the best treatments. You can search on the internet to know about the cosmetic surgery abroad prices.
What Is The Perfect Age For This Surgery?
Though there is no age limit for this surgery, but the person who is experiencing the signs of aging can be the best candidate for the face lift. However, everyone ages in the different pace or may be in the same way. Most of the experienced surgeons take a different approach towards the younger patients. Additionally, resurfacing the skin with chemical peels and dermal fillers can revitalize the skin texture.
Does My Skin Look Too Tight Or Done?
Most of the surgeons emphasize on the comprehensive approach getting the best facial skin texture. For some of the patients, it means that commencing with the full face and neck lift. Some of the patients also try the medi spa treatments to rejuvenate the texture of the skin.
The face lift is referred to the permanent procedure that will help you to look younger than your original age; there will be the reduction of wrinkles and fine lines from the body. But there are certain precautions that should be followed before and after availing this surgery.
These are some of the important facts that are related to face lift. If you want better results, look the face and neck lift abroad prices in the foreign countries.


Is holidaying at a home a success?
Love where you live but can't seem to relax and switch off enough to make a week at home seem like a holiday? Here are five top tips from business owner and mum of four, Cath Loiacono on how to make the most of spending a holiday at home. You'll save a fortune and still go back to work feeling like a million dollars.
Cath and Paul Loiacono have been parents for 11 amazing years and now have four kids to keep them busy, plus their own businesses to run. As two people who are self-employed, it's hard enough to find the time to hand over the reins for a week and just relax. And with the kids to entertain, there are few opportunities on a family holiday to enjoy time together as a couple.
So when the couple were out for dinner and daydreaming about having a mini-break, Paul had the idea of taking a week off and staying at home as a way of having some couple time without all the preparation involved in leaving the kids with their grandparents.
Here are Cath's five tips for making the most of holiday time spent at home, so you can benefit from the best of their experience.
Having the kids in school every day gave us six clear hours to spend just as we wanted. When we holiday with the kids we dedicate most of our time away to doing things they'll enjoy. The chances of having a five-minute conversation without being interrupted, or lingering over a coffee after lunch are non-existent! And knowing we'd see the kids after school everyday was great. Although we welcome the time alone together, it's hard not to be thinking about them when we're away, wondering if they're OK and that's not very relaxing either!
Laundry, shopping and housework etc. A little time spent the week before can spare you from some of those routine chores that get in the way of your holiday time. I did a big grocery shop and had clean school uniforms all hung up and ready to go for the week ahead. I also did a big push on the housework so there would be less to do in the week. Plus, I had Paul around to help in the afternoons when the kids got home so that really cut down on the time it took to stay on top of chores.
Life with a large family can be very routine. So the thing that made it feel most like a holiday was having the freedom to just make it up as we went along. We might chat about what we'd like to do the night before and depending on the weather forecast we'd decide to check out a movie, walk to the surf club for coffee or take a drive to a new restaurant. The day we went to Sydney was fantastic, because we could just take our time, stop for coffee en route when we felt like it, linger over lunch at the Opera Bar and take a long stroll in the Botanic Gardens. Nothing felt like a rush which made a lovely change from the norm!
We had about six hours between sending the kids off to school and being there to welcome them home. So once we'd waved them off, we didn't hang about and would make tracks for a lunch outing, beach walk or a trip to the city. We're very lucky to be living in a beautiful part of the NSW Central Coast so being in nature was very easy to do without travelling far. But even spending time in the car talking, just the two of us, was a novelty and something to enjoy. When you take a long drive to visit somewhere special, the journey itself is a rare chance to be together and chat.
We rounded off the holiday week by enjoying a couple of nights away with the whole family in the Hunter Valley. It was the perfect way to share the holiday feeling with our four children and give them the best of ourselves and our full attention for an entire weekend. We'd spent the whole week reconnecting with each other so it was really easy to be relaxed. Exploring the Mega Creatures expo in the Hunter Valley Gardens made it feel like a special occasion for our little ones.
So was Cath and Paul's experiment in holidaying at a home a success? "This is something we'll be doing every year from now on," says Cath. "The money you save on travel and accommodation is just the beginning of the benefits of taking a break at home. When you go on holiday, there's a lot of luck involved in choosing the right location and accommodation that has everything you need. Holidaying at home takes away all that uncertainty and you don't need to worry about packing enough of the right clothes for changeable weather or extra activities you might want to do. All in all, it's a really easy way to relax and switch-off without all the stress and hassle that can be part of travelling with a big family.


'Nominalism' refers to a reductionist approach to problems about the existence and nature of abstract entities; it thus stands opposed to Platonism and realism. Whereas the Platonist defends an ontological framework in which things like properties, kinds, relations, propositions, sets and states of affairs are taken to be primitive and irreducible, the nominalist denies the existence of abstract entities and typically seeks to show that discourse about abstract entities is analysable in terms of discourse about familiar concrete particulars.
In different periods, different issues have provided the focus for the debate between nominalists and Platonists. In the Middle Ages, the problem of universals was pivotal. Nominalists like Abelard and Ockham insisted that everything that exists is a particular. They argued that talk of universals is talk about certain linguistic expressions - those with generality of application - and they attempted to provide an account of the semantics of general terms rich enough to accommodate the view that universals are to be identified with them.
The classical empiricists followed medieval nominalists in being particularists, and they sought to identify the kinds of mental representations associated with general terms. Locke argued that these representations have a special content. He called them abstract ideas and claimed that they are formed by removing from ideas of particulars those features peculiar to the particulars in question. Berkeley and Hume, however, attacked Locke's doctrine of abstraction and insisted that the ideas corresponding to general terms are ideas whose content is fully determinate and particular, but which the mind uses as proxies for other particular ideas of the same sort.
A wider range of issues has dominated recent ontological discussion, and concern over the existence and status of things like sets, propositions, events and states of affairs has come to be every bit as significant as concern over universals. Furthermore, the nature of the debate has changed. While there are philosophers who endorse a nominalist approach to all abstract entities, a more typical brand of nominalism is that which recognizes the existence of sets and attempts to reduce talk about other kinds of abstract entities to talk about set-theoretical structures whose ultimate constituents are concrete particulars.
Loux, Michael J.. Nominalism, 1998, doi:10.4324/9780415249126-N038-1. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis, https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/nominalism/v-1.


Mblackstar.. | ស្វាគមន៍មកដល់ទីនេះ!! welcome everyone!!
After a very long rest, this blog will be awake again from now on. So please come here and get what good for you.
So you can go there to get new problems, test paper, lesson and books that i will post and update often there. Hope you will support my new blog from now on and help me to spread this info to your friends and who want to get maths and physics documents.
Today ours team just came back from joining IJSO 2013 test in India. As the result, our team that has 6 students, just got 3 bronze medals (less than last year that got 5 silver and 1 bronze), but still congratulation to them that they tried their best in the test. Good job all Cambodia students, hope you will be more better in the next generation.


text:
Why & What
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The project is backed by a multidisciplinary consortium covering all relevant stakeholders and knowledge requirements.
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The ambition of BECoop is to provide the necessary conditions and technical as well as business support tools for unlocking the underlying market potential of community bioenergy, fostering new links and partnerships.
The project BECoop has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 952930. The sole responsibility for the content of this website lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
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From most popular inspirational CD and motivational DVD programs to best-selling business and personal development books and digital downloads, at YourSuccessStore.com you'll find hundreds of life-changing resources to increase your knowledge, self-confidence and attitude and give you a competitive advantage in business and in life!
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Throughout my undergraduate degree, I was vaguely aware of the work GC was doing and signed up to do a course or two but never had the time to actually complete it. However, I followed the Programme's work and early this year one of my mentors suggested I apply for the Intern/Assistant Lecturer position that was advertised - which I did and here I am.
The biggest influence was perhaps the nature of the work GC does, I am very passionate about community engagement and social justice, and GC introduces both to students using a pedagogy that centralises the student and their lived experience in the teaching/learning space. This is perhaps also the first time in my academic career where I can enter into a learning space and not feel as though my lived experience does not constitute a form of "valid/acceptable" knowledge.
Definitely knowing that I get to share an office with some of UCT's smartest and most passionate people. I'm constantly inspired by my colleagues' passion for what they do.
I love reading, starting doing it at when I was 3- haven't stopped since. My current literary obsession is Nurrudin Farah, a Somalian Author who is probably (in my opinion) the greatest African Author of the century.


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Rosie Cooper MP pleased with armed forces community inclusion in next census
For the first time in the history of the Census, there will be a question on service in the Armed Forces following a campaign led by The Royal British Legion and Poppyscotland and supported by West Lancashire MP Rosie Cooper.
Rosie Cooper MP is delighted that the Government has recently announced the 2021 Census will now include a question to provide information on whether someone has served in HM Armed Forces.
The Royal British Legion, which led the campaign, is at the heart of a national network offering a range of support and services to the Armed Forces community. The decision to include the question on the 2021 census will provide the Legion, as well as public bodies, local authorities, and other military charities with valuable information to ensure they can best meet the needs of serving personnel, veterans and their families.
It has been estimated that there are 2.4 million veterans currently living in Great Britain1 who make up part of a wider ex-Service community which includes their spouses, partners, dependent children and widow(er)s. However, little is currently known about the exact numbers, location and needs of this significant group. Including an Armed Forces question in the next census would provide public bodies, local authorities, and charities with valuable information to ensure they are able to deliver the best services they can for our Armed Forces community.
West Lancashire MP Rosie Cooper commented:
"Having a better understanding of the profile and needs of veterans is a key part of making sure our public services are tailored for our armed forces community and supporting our ex-servicemen and women here in West Lancashire. I welcome this historic change to the 2021 Census to include a question on the Armed Forces and thank the Royal British Legion for their efforts."
Charles Byrne, Director-General of The Royal British Legion, said:
"This is an extremely proud moment for the Legion. After leading a successful campaign, the fact that a military question will be in the 2021 Census will significantly improve our understanding of the Armed Forces community which up until now has been very limited. It will ensure that we, along with other charities and service providers, can deliver the best service possible to them when and where it is needed most.
"This is something we have been striving towards for many years, it will have a huge impact on service personnel, veterans and their families well into the future, as the outcome will allow us to provide more effective care and support to those who are in need. We are delighted and are extremely grateful to everyone who has supported the campaign and helped us to achieve this historical success"
Constituents can find out more about the campaign by visiting the campaign website, www.rbl.org.uk/campaigns, or by posting their own pledge of support on social media using the #CountThemIn hashtag.
'Count Them In' is part of The Royal British Legion's ongoing campaign work to help champion the interests, welfare, and contributions of the Armed Forces Community.
[1]Annnal population survey: UK armed forces veterans residing in Great Britain 2017
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-population-survey-uk-armed-forces-veterans-residing-in-great-britain-2017


When leadership solutions consultancy TLC Solutions Australia asked us to assist them they wanted a system that would provide the right solution for their clients but also reduce the time required to provide this solution to their clients. Essentially, TLCSA wanted us to build an online assessment and reporting tool to improve on their previous rudimentary online HPET tool and manual report generation.
Accessed via the TLC website, the tool we built expedites the team assessment and reporting process for clients. Previously, the data was downloaded from the then existing online assessment and then analysed and processed into a format that was ready for insertion to the client report. The whole process would take 2 to 3 hours of a TLC team member's time. The new solution provided by OneIT has reduced the total time required from initial contact to a completed report to around 10 minutes.
While there is still additional components to add in the new system integrates the registration of participants, the online assessment, the analysis, and the report generation into a seamless process and interface.
The High Performing Elite Teams (HPET) online questionnaire and automated report now allows TLCSA to expand the work with assisting teams to become more effective and not worry about the time and resources required to manage the increasing workload of HPET work.
Armed with the HPET Report, clients can then work with TLC to develop a bespoke training and coaching program to improve the effectiveness of their teams.
What processes are eating into your team's time and your bottom line? Is there an area of your business that could be automated? Talk to us about the options.
Support & Maintenance Plan - Month for Free!
We think of our clients as partners at OneIT. Whether we're working together to build a bespoke business management system, or arranging a client networking event, it's a partnership. And here's another opportunity for everyone to benefit by working together, because, if you are currently on our maintenance plan we are offering you one-month for free. The cost? One little website link.
Write a short paragraph about the work we've completed for you (if you don't have time, we can write it for you), with a link to our website through our logo.
And that's it. We'll then organise for your free month's maintenance plan. If you aren't on our maintenance plan please call Emma to find out how you could benefit from this offer.
Why Do We Want a Link on Your Website?
In a word: Google. We're keen to maintain and build our ranking in Google's search results, and securing quality links to our website from other trusted websites is a great way to improve our rankings.
Higher rankings mean more website hits. More website hits mean more enquiries.
That's why we include links to our clients' websites on our newsletters – it helps improve your Google ranking too.
If you would like to 'activate' your free one-month maintenance plan, please contact Emma on (08) 9200 4275 or email emma@oneit.com.au.


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Hospice Patient Donates WWII Combat Sword to the Military Museum of Fort Worth
From left to right: Military Museum of Fort Worth Director Tyler Alberts, Patient Caregiver Melissa Walker, VITAS Patient Colonel William Stapleton (Ret.), VITAS Chaplain Matt O'Brien on Thursday, February 4, 2016, standing in front of the colonel's Japanese sword kept from his time stationed in Nabzab, New Guinea while serving in the US Air Force.
Honoring Our Patient
VITAS Healthcare recently honored our deserving patient, Colonel William Stapleton (Ret.) of the US Air Force, by facilitating the donation of his WWII combat sword to the Military Museum of Fort Worth.
While stationed in Nadzab, New Guinea, Colonel Stapleton and his troops were often attacked by Japanese soldiers. In an effort to remember and honor the fallen soldiers, both American and Japanese, the colonel protected and treasured a Japanese sword kept from an intruder for more than seven decades.
During heartfelt conversations with VITAS Chaplain Matt O'Brien, MDiv, MSW, Colonel Stapleton expressed concern about the care of the sword in his absence. "Colonel Stapleton's donation and story are a powerful testament to the selfless dedication of all soldiers who are asked to put their lives on the line," said Chaplain O'Brien. "This donation is a meaningful example of the emotional and spiritual realities of life and death."
Presenting His Story
Wanting Colonel Stapleton to be at peace at the end of life, Chaplain O'Brien—whose role as a hospice chaplain goes beyond conducting bedside prayers—contacted Tyler Alberts, museum director at the Military Museum of Fort Worth. Alberts, who was appreciative of the colonel's donation, displayed the sword in a shadow box in the local heroes section of the museum. "Without individuals like Colonel Stapleton, we as a museum can't tell or preserve the stories and history of these conflicts or the people involved in them," he said. "It has been a privilege helping to safeguard the sword and present a part of his story."
Accompanied by the VITAS team and his caregiver, Colonel Stapleton visited the museum to see how a piece of his legacy and the legacy of his fellow soldiers is being preserved. "I never would have had the vision to do this if it weren't for VITAS Chaplain Matt O'Brien," said Colonel Stapleton. "He's been a guiding light in helping me figure out what I could do to continue to honor and preserve the sword. This has really been a wonderful experience, and I can't thank him and VITAS enough for everything they do."
Comfort at the End of Life
A hospice chaplain is part of an interdisciplinary team, which is comprised of physicians, nurses, home health aides, social workers, bereavement specialist and trained volunteers. VITAS' specially trained staff members and volunteers work daily to honor veterans' preferences for care at the end of life and ensure they receive the respect, comfort and compassion and tributes they deserve.
As the nation's leading hospice provider since 1978, VITAS understands that prior military service can have a profound impact on veterans as they approach the end of life, and the company has developed award-winning programs to provide them with the care and support they need. With an office conveniently located in Fort Worth, including an inpatient unit at Baylor All Saints Medical Center, VITAS is equipped to handle even the most challenging patient situations. For more information call 817- 870-7070.
See More VITAS Stories


text:
YOU ARE HERE: Home > Records of Patients > Medical Journal - October 1, 1866 to March 20, 1867 > Index of pages for March 1867 > March 8, 1867 - Page 2 of 3
[ GO TO - March 8, 1867 - Page 1 of 3 - March 8, 1867 - Page 2 of 3 - March 8, 1867 - Page 3 of 3 ]


text:
Q: Remove rows that contain pipe ( | ) symbol I have to remove rows that contain the pipe symbol.
My Input:
 > gene_anotation

    probeset_id GeneSymbol Ensembl_gene_id
    17406395            Arfip1            <NA>
    17393207 LOC101056658|Ahcy            <NA>
    17467690             Ptcd3            <NA>
    17400375              Ctss            <NA>

My Expected output:
 > gene_anotation

    probeset_id GeneSymbol Ensembl_gene_id
    17406395            Arfip1            <NA>
    17467690             Ptcd3            <NA>
    17400375              Ctss            <NA>

I already tried these, but with no results:
gene_anotation[!grepl("|", gene_anotation$GeneSymbol),]

or
gene_anotation[!gene_anotation$GeneSymbol == "|", ]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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La battaglia di Schleiz si svolse il 9 ottobre 1806 a Schleiz, in Germania, tra una divisione prusso-sassone guidata da Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien ed una parte del I corpo di Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte comandata da Jean-Baptiste Drouet d'Erlon. Fu il primo scontro della guerra della quarta coalizione, parte delle guerre napoleoniche.

Quando la Grande Armata dell'imperatore Napoleone Bonaparte si diresse a nord attraversando la foresta di Frankenwald, incrociò l'ala destra degli eserciti del Regno di Prussia e del Principato Elettorale di Sassonia, schierati su un fronte lungo. Schleiz si trova 30 chilometri a nord di Hof e 145 chilometri a sudovest di Dresda.

All'inizio della battaglia, elementi della divisione di Drouet colpirono gli avamposti di Tauentzien. Quando Tauentzien conobbe la potenza delle forze francesi iniziò una ritirata tattica. Gioacchino Murat assunse il comando delle truppe ed iniziò un inseguimento aggressivo. Un battaglione prussiano posto ad ovest fu attaccato e subì gravi perdite. I prussiani ed i sassoni si ritirarono verso nord, raggiungendo Auma in serata.

Contesto

Politico
Durante la guerra della terza coalizione, re Federico Guglielmo III di Prussia firmò il 3 novembre 1805 l'accordo di Potsdam con lo zar Alessandro I di Russia. Federico Guglielmo promise di inviare un ambasciatore da Napoleone con l'offerta di una mediazione armata. Se l'imperatore francese si fosse rifiutato di liberare il Regno d'Olanda e la Svizzera, rinunciando anche alla corona del Regno d'Italia, i prussiani si sarebbero uniti all'Austria asburgica ed all'impero russo contro Napoleone.

Curiosamente, l'esercito prussiano si era mobilitato contro la Russia a settembre, quando lo zar chiese alla Prussia di unirsi alla terza coalizione. Irritata dalla violazione di Napoleone dei propri territori di Ansbach nel settembre 1805, la Prussia cercò un accordo con la Russia. Napoleone riuscì a tenere in stallo l'ambasciatore prussiano Christian von Haugwitz fino alla grande vittoria della battaglia di Austerlitz del 2 dicembre 1805. Poco dopo l'Austria chiese l'armistizio, e la Russia ritirò le proprie truppe sciogliendo definitivamente la terza coalizione.

Il 15 febbraio Napoleone convinse la Prussia a consegnare molti territori alla Francia ed ai suoi alleati in cambio di Hannover, che la Francia aveva in precedenza occupato. La Francia invase il Regno di Napoli l'8 febbraio 1806, e l'ultima resistenza della penisola italiana cadde il 23 luglio. Il 25 luglio Napoleone costituì la Confederazione del Reno, satellite francese in Germania. Di fronte a queste aggressioni francesi, la fazione pro-guerra della corte prussiana, capitanata dall'attraente regina Luisa, prese il sopravvento. Il pacifico Haugwitz fu dimissionato da primo ministro, ed il 7 agosto 1806 re Federico Guglielmo decise di dichiarare guerra a Napoleone.

Militare

La Prussia mobilitò 171 000 soldati, tra cui 35000 unità di cavalleria, 150000 artiglieri e 20 000 alleati Sassoni. Le truppe furono divise in tre eserciti. Il feldmaresciallo Carlo Guglielmo Ferdinando di Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel concentrò i propri soldati attorno a Lipsia e Naumburg al centro. L'ala sinistra, guidata dal generale di fanteria Federico Luigi di Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, si riunì nei pressi di Dresda ed inglobò il contingente sassone. I generali Ernst von Rüchel e Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher raccolsero l'ala destra a Gottinga e Mühlhausen.

Napoleone fu informato dei preparativi prussiani per la guerra. Chiamò 50 000 coscritti della classe del 1806 il 5 settembre, e mise allerta le forze francesi in Germania. Quando seppe che i Prussiani avevano inglobato anche i Sassoni, ammassò rapidamente la Grande Armata con l'obiettivo di distruggere l'esercito prussiano. Il 5 ottobre Napoleone ordinò di far marciare la Grande Armata invadendo l'Elettorato di Sassonia. Il I corpo del maresciallo Bernadotte guidò la colonna centrale, seguita dal III corpo del maresciallo Louis Nicolas Davout, da buona parte della cavalleria di riserva di Murat e dalla guardia imperiale del maresciallo François Joseph Lefebvre. La colonna di destra era formata dal IV corpo del maresciallo Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult in testa, seguito dal VI corpo del maresciallo Michel Ney e dalla retroguardia composta di bavaresi. La colonna sinistra conteneva il V corpo del maresciallo Jean Lannes ed il VII del maresciallo Pierre Augereau. Napoleone diresse la colonna destra verso Hof, la colonna centrale da Kronach a Schleiz e la colonna sinistra da Coburgo a Saalfeld.

Nella colonna di destra vi erano 59 131 soldati (nel IV corpo 30956 fanti, 1567 cavalieri e 48 cannoni, nel VI corpo 18 fanti, 1094 cavalieri e 24 cannoni, e la divisione bavarese del tenente generale Carl Philipp von Wrede 6000 fanti, 1100 cavalieri e 18 cannoni). Nella colonna di sinistra vi erano 38055 soldati (nel V corpo 19389 fanti, 1560 cavalieri e 28 cannoni, nel VII corpo 15931 fanti, 1175 cavalieri e 36 cannoni). La colonna centrale contava 75637 uomini (nel I corpo 19014 fanti, 1580 cavalieri e 34 cannoni, nel III corpo 28655 fanti, 1538 cavalieri e 44 cannoni, nella guardia imperiale 4900 fanti, 2400 cavalieri e 36 cannoni, nella cavalleria di riserva 17550 soldati e 30 cannoni). Oltre a tutti questi vi erano 9000 artiglieri, zappatori ed altri.

L'alto comando prussiano tenne numerosi consigli di guerra, ma non decise la strategia prima che una ricognizione del 5 ottobre chiarì che Napoleone stava già spostandosi a nord da Bayreuth verso la Sassonia. Fu quindi deciso che Hohenlohe si sarebbe portato a Rudolstadt, Brunswick a Erfurt e Rüchel a Gotha. L'ala destra avrebbe attaccato le comunicazioni francesi a Fulda. Alla riserva del generale Eugenio Federico di Württemberg fu ordinato di andare da Magdeburgo a Halle.

Le foreste turingia e francona si estendevano a nordovest dalla Boemia. Quest'area era composta da montagne boscose di circa 750 metri d'altitudine. Nel 1806 vi erano poche strade in questo tratto. Napoleone scelse la rotta d'invasione nel punto in cui la fascia di terreno accidentato era più stretta, ovvero nella parte orientale della foresta francona. L'esercito francese attraversò il confine sassone l'8 ottobre, con davanti la cavalleria leggera. Napoleone non era sicuro di dove si trovasse l'esercito prusso-sassone, per cui il suo esercito fu disposto in batallion carré (quadrati di battaglioni), capace di difendersi dagli attacchi portati da qualsiasi direzione.

Murat guidò personalmente la cavalleria leggera posta di fronte al batallion carré. Ad est il generale di brigata Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle si diresse verso Hof, mentre il generale Édouard Jean-Baptiste Milhaud controllò versò Saalfeld ad ovest. Napoleone ordinò al generale Pierre Watier di prendere uno dei suoi reggimenti e di avanzare il più possibile davanti al I corpo. L'obiettivo della cavalleria leggera era quello di scoprire la posizione del nemico e di mappare la rete stradale. L'8 la cavalleria di Murat conquistò il ponte di Saalburg-Ebersdorf. Una piccola forza difensiva fuggì ad est verso Gefell, dove fu raggiunta dal general maggiore Tauentzien la cui divisione stava ritirandosi da Hof a nord. Quella sera Tauentzien raccolse le proprie truppe a Schleiz.

Circa 9000 Sassoni si trovavano ad Auma, 15 chilometri a nord-nordest di Schleiz, mentre il distaccamento prussiano dell'oberst Carl Andreas von Boguslawski era a 18 chilometri a nord-nordovest, a Neustadt an der Orla. Gli uomini del general maggiore Christian Ludwig Schimmelpfennig (600 cavalieri) erano 20 chilometri a nordovest a Pößneck. La divisione di Tauentzien era composta da 6000 prussiani e 3000 sassoni. Le tre divisioni di fanteria di Bernadotte erano guidate da Drouet, Pierre Dupont de l'Étang e Olivier Macoux Rivaud de la Raffinière, mentre la sua brigata di cavalleria da Jacques Louis François Delaistre de Tilly. Il generale di divisione Jean Baptiste Eblé comandava l'artiglieria di riserva.

Battaglia

Il 9 ottobre si ebbe il primo scontro tra le truppe di Bernadotte e quelle di Tauentzien, nei pressi del bosco Oschitz situato a sud di Schleiz. Bernadotte ordinò al generale François Werlé di ripulire la foresta a destra per permettere l'avanzata di Drouet fino a Schleiz. La fanteria avanzava nel fitto bosco, mentre il reggimento di Watier seguiva da vicino. L'avanguardia di Werlé prese possesso del bosco, ma i prussiani di Rudolf Ernst Christoph von Bila gli impedirono di proseguire.

Alle 14:00 i francesi erano superiori, e Tauenzien decise di abbandonare Schleiz. La divisione prussiana fuggì a nord coperta dalla retroguardia di Bila composta da un battaglione di fanteria ed un reggimento e mezzo di cavalleria. Drouet attaccò Schleiz alle 16:00 scacciando gli ultimi prussiani. A nord della città, Murat caricò la retroguardia con il 4º reggimento Ussari, ma fu respinto dalla cavalleria prussiana. Rinforzato dal 5º reggimento chasseurs à cheval e dalla fanteria di supporto, Murat spinse gli uomini di Bila nel bosco posto a nord di Oettersdorf.

In precedenza Tauentzien aveva inviato un ufficiali di nome Hobe con un battaglione, uno squadrone e due cannoni a Crispendorf, circa 6 chilometri ad ovest di Schleiz. L'incarico di Hobe era quello di controllare il fianco destro e di mantenere vive le comunicazioni con la cavalleria di Schimmelpfennig a Pößneck. Quando Tauenzien iniziò a retrocedere, il distaccamento di Hobe si ritirò a nordest per ricongiungersi alla propria divisione. Nel bosco nei pressi di Pörmitz, un villaggio posto 4 chilometri a nord di Schleiz, il distaccamento si trovò chiuso tra la cavalleria di Murat ed uno dei battaglioni di Drouet. Attaccati in una foresta paludosa, gli uomini di Hobe furono massacrati e persero uno dei loro cannoni. Molti dei caduti della battaglia facevano parte dello sfortunato distaccamento di Hobe. Prussiani e sassoni persero 12 ufficiali e 554 graduati (caduti, feriti o dispersi) ed un cannone. Le perdite francesi sono sconosciute, ma furono probabilmente leggere.

Risultato

Tauentzien si ritirò ad Auma dove le sue truppe, stanche ed affamate, si accamparono alle 19:00. Dopo essersi riuniti alle truppe sassoni del general der kavallerie Hans Gottlob von Zeschwitz, il totale dei soldati ad Auma era di 16400 unità. Quella sera i 3000 uomini di Boguslawski si trovavano ancora a Neustadt, mentre i 600 cavalieri di Schimmelpfennig rimasero a Pößneck. La divisione da 8000 uomini guidata dal principe Luigi Ferdinando di Prussia mantenne il controllo su Saalfeld ad ovest. Hohenlohe aveva 8000 uomini ad Orlamünde, a sud di Jena.

Il resto dell'esercito prussiano si trovava ad ovest. Brunswick e l'esercito principale erano ad Erfurt. Rüchel si trovava ancora più ad ovest, nei pressi di Gotha, mentre Blücher rimase a Eisenach. Il generale Carlo Augusto di Sassonia-Weimar-Eisenach guidò 11000 uomini con un'avanguardia a Smalcalda, ed un distaccamento del generale Christian Ludwig von Winning a Vacha. La riserva del duca Eugenio di Württemberg si pose a nord tra Magdeburgo e Halle.

Quando Hohenlohe seppe dello scontro di Schleiz, ordinò alle truppe della propria ala sinistra di portarsi a Rudolstadt ed a Jena prima di andare verso est a sostegno di Tauentzien e dei sassoni. Brunswick si rifiutò di obbedire, cosicché Hohenlohe sospese l'ordine. Nel frattempo Hohenlohe inviò un ordine vago a Luigi Ferdinando, che il principe fraintese pensando di dover difendere Saalfeld. La battaglia di Saalfeld si combatté il giorno seguente, contro l'ala sinistra di Lannes.

Conclusioni
Lo storico Francis Loraine Petre fa notare che la Grande Armata di Napoleone era meglio organizzata, che godeva di una tattica migliore, e che egli aveva subordinati più giovani ed energici, oltre a godere di una superiorità numerica di circa il 20-25% del totale. I francesi furono comandati da marescialli capaci di gestire i dettagli organizzativi. Carenti di una divisione in corpi, i comandanti prussiani furono spesso obbligati ad emanare ordini molto dettagliati. L'esercito francese era guidato da un solo comandante che, da solo, prendeva le decisioni. Contro Napoleone, i capi dell'esercito prussiano, spesso più anziani, tennero frequenti concili di guerra nei quali "non decisero mai niente di definitivo". Nonostante Brunswick fosse nominalmente comandante in capo dell'esercito prussiano, i suoi ordini dovevano essere confermati da re Federico Guglielmo, mentre Hohenlohe e Rüchel erano quasi indipendenti da lui. La strategia di Napoleone era semplice, ma i generali prussiani furono obbligati a pianificare ogni eventualità, dispiegando le forze su un fronte troppo largo. La sera del 9 ottobre, tra il distaccamento di Winning ad ovest ed i sassoni di Zeschwitz ad est, l'esercito prusso-sassone copriva un fronte di 145 chilometri. Inoltre, la riserva era fuori portata trovandosi a Magdeburgo. Nel frattempo la potente batallion carré di Napoleone avanzò su un fronte di soli 60 chilometri.

Note

Bibliografia
 Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966.
 Kagan, Frederick W. The End of the Old Order: Napoleon and Europe, 1801-1805. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2006. ISBN 0-306-81137-5
 Montag, Reinhard. Lexikon der Deutschen Generale: Bf-Bo
 Petre, F. Loraine. Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia 1806. Londra: Lionel Leventhal Ltd., 1993 (1907). ISBN 1-85367-145-2
 Schneid, Frederick C. Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805-1815. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2002. ISBN 0-275-96875-8
 Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Londra: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9

Altri progetti

Battaglie delle guerre napoleoniche
Battaglie che coinvolgono la Prussia
Battaglie che coinvolgono la Francia
Battaglie che coinvolgono la Sassonia
Guerra nel 1806


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text:
Paris lands 2024 Olympics as LA secures 2028 Games
on 14th September 2017
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has made history after awarding two editions of the summer Olympic and Paralympic at once, confirming Paris, France, will stage the 2024 Games and Los Angeles in California, US, the 2028 event.
Speaking yesterday (Wednesday), IOC president Thomas Bach hailed the move as an "historic event" and a "win-win-win" situation for the IOC, as well as Paris and Los Angeles.
The double allocation is the result of a 'Tripartite Agreement' between the IOC and the two cities, the details of which came to light after a number of IOC vice-president put forward the idea of awarding hosting rights to two editions of the showpiece event at the same time.
In March, a working group was set up to study the idea, before the IOC Session in July gave its full approval to the initiative, with an initial agreement for Paris to host the 2024 Games and Los Angeles the 2028 event.
"This historic double allocation is a 'win-win-win' situation for the city of Paris, the city of Los Angeles and the IOC," Bach said. "It is hard to imagine something better. Ensuring the stability of the Olympic Games for the athletes of the world for the next 11 years is something extraordinary.
"These are two great cities from two great countries with a great Olympic history. Both cities are very enthusiastic about the Games and are promoting the Olympic spirit in a fantastic way."
Mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, a staunch supporter of the French capital's bid since its infancy, also spoke of her delight at securing the 2024 Games: "With this team, I am very proud and moved to bring the Games back to Paris. At the heart of these Games, we will place young people, who represent our present, our hope and our pride."
Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles, also spoke positively about bringing the Olympic Games back to the US for the first time since Atlanta 1996. He said: "LA is a city where the Games are not a barrier to making progress; we know that they are an accelerating force to re-envisioning a better city and a better world in the days ahead as we welcome you back to the City of Angels."
Stade Jean-Bouin to be transformed for 'Ocean Games'
Asbestos threat tackled at Tokyo 2020 venue
Abe opens Tokyo's National Stadium
Dodgers fan sues team over stadium assault
PSG to offer Rwandan beverages as part of wide-ranging deal
Work completed on Tokyo's new Olympic stadium
Red Star Paris' stadium plan hit by Mayor's decision


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Can America Regain the Ability to Think Big?
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin during the Apollo 11 moon landing. Image: NASA
By Miro Korenha, founder and publisher of Our Daily Planet
In 1961 President Kennedy announced before a joint session of Congress the audacious goal of putting a man on the moon before the end of the decade. He stated,
"These are extraordinary times and we face an extraordinary challenge. Our strength as well as our convictions have imposed upon this nation the role of leader in freedom's cause. No role in history could be more difficult or more important."
And indeed, they were extraordinary times. Just as the Soviet Union was accelerating its space program, the United States wanted the achievement of sending the first human to the moon to embody the core tenets of our national identity: the ability to think big, push the bounds of what's possible and to use the ingenuity of our citizens to get us there. On July 20th, 1969, exactly 50 years ago today, astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins achieved President Kennedy's extraordinary vision and captivated the entire world with America's historic achievement.
The era of the Space Race left young Americans feeling hopeful about what their government could achieve. Just as their parents' and grandparents' generation experienced during the New Deal, these young people trusted their government to act boldly in solving seemingly insurmountable problems. President Kennedy didn't say that America would try to put a man on the moon, he said that we would do it and even after his assassination the triumph of the Apollo 11 mission was a defining moment of a generation.
I wasn't born until nearly two decades after the moon landing so my sense of awe and pride has only been cultivated in school and through the anecdotes of those who sat by their TVs to witness the landing firsthand. My generation has been alive at a time of rapidly declining trust in the government and my entire life I've only experienced lawmakers and presidential administrations who just can't seem to do big things. Sure, important accomplishments have been enacted in my 32 years on this Earth, but the messages of "caution" and "incrementalism" and "you can't do it all at once" have defined the tone of these three decades.
I often wonder if my generation will have our own equivalent of the space race. When my children ask me "what was it like?" as I recently asked my own mom of the moon landing, I want to reply "it changed our world" as I detail how my peers and I helped enact the Green New Deal and reshaped the trajectory of our planet away from climate catastrophe. The transition away from fossil fuels to a more just, clean energy world is the legacy I want all Millennials to be able to share with their kids and grandkids.
I understand that the Green New Deal has a lot of detractors, including the likes of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi who labeled it "the green dream." But what's puzzling to me is that the people who today are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, are the same ones who think the best plan we have to curb climate change and ensure a habitable planet is somehow too expensive and unrealistic.
Here's a history lesson: at the end of the Apollo missions in 1972, the U.S. had spent about $25 billion on the program, which is the equivalent of about $150 billion in today's dollars. And mind you, this was money spent on something that we didn't need but rather something that wanted to accomplish.
During the Space Race, there was a staggering number of accidents, jet crashes, equipment failures, and explosions that cost hundreds of millions of dollars—failure was an expected part of getting to where we needed to go. In today's world lawmakers are so afraid that if their idea crashes on the first try or doesn't go exactly as planned that it's a failure overall and that the political fallout will be too great to try anything similar in the future. Just look at what happened with solar energy company Solyndra after it defaulted on its loan which was backed by President Obama's Department of Energy. Even though the loan program that funded the company made taxpayers billions of dollars through its portfolio, the "scandal" was used as an example by the political right to vilify the Energy Department and that made the government reluctant to invest in renewable energy after that.
If we're going to stop climate change—one of the greatest threats humanity has ever faced—then we have to try things that are risky. Some ideas will fail while others will flourish to create incredible outcomes that will fundamentally change how we do things. I can't tell you what happened to the generation that's in power right now, most of them witnessed the moon landing and the other groundbreaking moments of the 60s and 70s and despite it all, managed to lose the ability to believe that America can achieve the impossible.
I want more for my generation because these are extraordinary times and we're certainly facing an extraordinary challenge. Even if our parents have lost the ability to think big I want us to listen to their memories of the moon landing—a moment so beautiful that it stopped the entire world at the same time—and imagine how we might harness that forgotten spirit to alter the fate of the planet being handed down to us. A planet that Apollo 11 astronaut Mike Collins described as "so fragile out there" upon seeing it for the first time from space.
(If you have a moment, watch what the Apollo 11 flight looked like from mission control. Especially at about 7:16:00 where the astronauts see the Earth)
Not Wanting to Miss a Thing, ESA is Officially On-Board to Blast Asteroids with NASA
The European Space Agency has officially joined NASA on a mission to bust near-Earth asteroids through the AIDA space mission.
Humanity-destroying space objects aren't just out of 90's action flicks…
Continue Reading 381 words
One Cool Thing: Mercury Transiting the Sun in 4K
ICYMI, on Monday the planet Mercury made one of its rare appearances transiting the Sun. It won't do that again until 2032, and that one won't be visible in the U.S. It was super hard to see, but NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) had several special cameras filming it and on Wednesday they released a […]
One Huge Thing: The Universe — How Big Is It?
Scientists are calling it a "crisis in cosmology." According to a new study, which was published last month in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the universe is expanding faster than we thought. Astrophysicists call the discovery the "most exciting development in cosmology in decades." Researchers used a new technology at the Keck […]
TOPIC: Cosmos Today's Articles
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text:
Показатели качества извлеченного керна из скважины .

Общий показатель качества извлеченного керна
Общий показатель качества извлеченного керна (англ. Total core recovery,TCR) представляет собой процент извлечения керна из скважины.

TCR определяется как частное:

  %
  = Сумма длин основных частей
  = Общая длина основного участка

Стоит отметить, что с глубины легче достать грунт ненарушенной структуры.

Доля твердой части в извлеченном керне
Доля твердой части в извлеченном керне (англ. Solid core recovery, SCR) SCR представляет собой процент извлеченния в керне скважины твердых, цилиндрических кусков керна породы.

SCR определяется как частное:

  %
  = Сумма длин сплошных, цилиндрических, стержневых частей
  = Общая длина основного участка

Показатель качества породы RQD
Показатель качества породы RQD  мера степени трещиноватости скального грунта, измеряемая в процентах от керна при длине 10 см и более. Высококачественная порода имеет RQD более 75%, низкокачественная менее 50%. Обозначение качества породы (RQD) имеет несколько определений. Наиболее широко используемое определение было разработано в 1964 году Д.Ю. Диром. Это процент извлечения керна скважины, включающий только куски твердого керна длиной более 100 мм. мм длины, измеренной по центральной линии сердечника. В этом отношении куски сердцевины, которые не являются твердыми и прочными, не должны учитываться, хотя их 100. мм в длину. Первоначально RQD был представлен для использования с сердечниками диаметром 54,7 мм. мм (сердечник размера NX). RQD имеет большое значение для оценки поддержки каменных тоннелей. RQD образует базовый элемент в некоторых из наиболее часто используемых систем классификации массивов горных пород: рейтинговой системе горных пород (RMR) и Q-системе .

RQD определяется как частное:

  %
  = Сумма длин частей сердечника > 100 мм (4 дюйма), измеренных по центральной линии
  = Общая длина основного участка

Классификационная таблица

По индексу RQD массив горных пород можно классифицировать следующим образом:

Классификация горных массивов
Многие системы классификации массива горных пород используют в качестве входных параметров параметры извлечения керна, такие как рейтинг горной массы и Q-система .

Примечания

Механика грунтов
Страницы с непроверенными переводами


text:
Encyclopedia Storm Worm
Storm Worm
Five Things to Know about Powerful, Adaptive Malware
On Friday, January 19, 2007 the world was introduced to the largest botnet in the world. Those tracking it would soon learn that it was a complex piece of malware that was difficult to address since it had attributes which still impress researchers today.
As Storm spread to as many as 1 million computers, it consumed resources and shut down internet access for hundreds of thousands of people simultaneously, mostly in Europe but a quarter or so in the US. Storm was the most powerful such virus, even having shut down access for the entire nation of Estonia. Where did Storm come from? How was it deployed? What was its motive?
Image credit: Nexus Hub New Zealand
Here are five things you should know about the Storm Worm, one of the Internet's most powerful and adaptive malware.
1. The Storm Worm was a clever, multi-layered attack.
The term "Storm Worm" may be a misnomer, and calling Storm a mere worm trivializes the evil genius behind its creators. Storm combined several kinds of attacks, making it far more sophisticated than the name suggests. First, Storm was a Trojan horse, a kind of malware that presents itself as a benign or mundane action (e.g., a file to download, or an appealing ad to click). Second, Storm is a bot. Malignant bots take hold of a user's machine and then automate minor actions, often for the purpose of credential stuffing, SPAM campaigns and, when joining a botnet, launching a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. Thirdly, Storm is a worm, or a kind of self-replicating computer virus that infects a computer, quickly or eventually overburdening it or consuming bandwidth.
Storm combined these elements with many shrewd delivery and operational traits such as restraint in not propagating immediately, dormancy over long periods, distributed command and control (C2), innovation and modification of its social engineering, and counterattacks on sites mentioning it. Moeoever, it is a polymorphic virus, or one whose code includes a mutation engine to alter its signature. As Storm was added to anti-malware databases, anti-malware software failed to recognize it based on the recorded signature. Its new signature would be added in a sort of cat and mouse game, and so on. Specifically, and quite impressive, Storm's package contained a "polymorphic packer" that enabled it to change its signature every 10 to 30 minutes depending on the version.
2. The Storm Worm affected Windows OS machines, controlling them remotely.
Storm affected an estimated 1 million or more machines in its 2007 heyday, depending on the source. However, Storm only targeted machines running certain versions of Windows. Once downloaded, when a user was duped into clicking a sensational link or attachment, Storm injected a wincom32.sys file that quietly acts as a device service driver. It then creates a group of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) ports. Through them, Storm connects with its encrypted peer-to-peer (P2P) network, established using the Overnet protocol. A period of dormancy might follow. Once activated by its peers, as C2 was distributed among peers on the network, Storm would download a package of .exe files. These had an array of functions including installing backdoors for remote access into the machine, stealing its email addresses, launching SPAM email campaigns to further spread Storm, and launching DDoS attacks.
Image credit: Wikipedia
3. The Storm Worm was deployed using social engineering — lots of it.
"230 dead as storm batters Europe." This was the subject line of the first SPAM email that Storm sent, enticing people to open it and click an attachment that contained its payload. The Friday, January 19, 2007 launch of Storm was days after Cyclone Kyrill had formed over Newfoundland and just as it was beginning to ravage the European continent, eventually killing 57 people. The cunning methods, though, had just begun. As Storm-infected machines began to take instructions from their C2 counterparts of the P2P network, they began sending emails containing YouTube invites invoking top global celebrity names and ecards from loved ones, all with Storm-infected download links. Subject lines were artful: "dude this is not even on MTV yet", "awesome new video", "Cool Video is out" and so forth. The DDoS attack also manifested in the posting of blog-comment spam, luring readers into clicking infected links in threads. When a user whose browser was up to date with the latest security patch was brought to a site with Storm infected links, the following would occur: Storm links were inactive but the page also displayed links such as "click to download software to view your ecard" — a tactic that is very challenging for IT teams to keep up with.
4. The Storm Worm was traced back to Russian hackers, whose motives were profit.
Researchers have concluded that a Russian hacker group in St. Petersburg were behind Storm. The group went or still go by the name Zhelatin Gang aka Storm Gang, or the known cybercrime organization Russian Business Network. Their motive was profit, with usage of the Storm worm acting like a penny stock. Cybercriminals and others with an axe to grind against anti-spam websites and security vendors compensated Storm's creators to have their adversaries' information inserted into Storm. In return, Storm launched DDoS attacks on websites such as fraudwatchers.org, 419eater.com, scamfraudalert.com, scam.com, and scamwarners.com. These sites and those of security vendors that target spam and malware were inundated with tons of senseless requests, shutting them down. Storm also acted as a for-rent spam server from which it could host illicit websites or from which untraceable DDoS attacks could be leveraged on any target, since the botnet traffic was decentralized. Tactics such as IP targeting were useless against the decentralized structure and nodes. What was believed to be the world's largest botnet was a for-hire hosting product on the illicit market.
Image credit: Macworld
5. The Storm Worm has been curtailed.
Data as recent as 2016 shows Storm infections to be a few thousands, and not the 1 million or more during the late summer of 2007. Credit goes to Microsoft and security vendors who developed countermeasures such as detection and removal tools for end-users. At the time, law enforcement and others who directed resources toward stopping the worm had a difficult time shutting it down. As Storm C2 was embedded into and distributed among nodes, once a node was shut down it was easily replaced by another, another and so on. Looking through today's lens, the rules for how to rid a computer of Storm are the same as for any known virus: download antivirus software, scan for known viruses, and follow the instructions to remove it. It is a sound practice to configure an antivirus software's settings to automatically update so as novel malware is added to the catalogue, you are at pace with the threats out in the wild. Corporate users should be able to rely on their system admins' capabilities such as detection and removal through device management.
That's five things you now know about the Storm Worm. To learn more, read the in-depth analysis post on Storm by public-interest technologist Bruce Schneier.
F-Secure Live World Map of Storm Worm infections.


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Q: Selenium + JUnit. How DRY? My situation below:
I have couple test cases:

*

*user log on Site;

*user open Home Page;

*User see some information, is not so important, maybe some table or div, etc..

*User go to HelpDesk Page.

*User go to CustomPage.

*User see some custom info on the Page.

*and more and more other cases.

My task is test all this cases under different users (admin1, admin2, userWithoutAccess, etc.) via Selenium Driver and JUnit.
But, currently, I don't see any valid solution for my task :(
For example:
public class HelpDeskPageTest
{
    private static WebDriver driver;

    HelpDeskPage helpDeskPage;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUpClass()
    {
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        Utils.logon(driver, "admin", "1234");
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void tearDownClass()
    {
      driver.quit();
    }

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        helpDeskPage = HelpDeskPage.open(driver);
    }

    @Test
    public void helpDeskPageIsOpen()
    {
        assertTrue(channelBrowserPage.getTitle().equals("Google: Internal HelpDesk"));
    }
}

What does this code do?
This code just tests if user admin can opens HelpDesk Page.
Also, HelpDeskPageTest class can contains a lof of other test methods that test admin actions on HelpDesk Page. It is all ok.
You can ask me: So, where did you see the problem? My answer below:

*

*If I want test the same functionality for other user (for example: admin2). How can I do it? I must just create the same test class with name: HelpDeskPageTestForAdmin2, modify @BeforeClass  method (login as admin2) and just copy all other code from HelpDeskPageTest? but this is a direct violation of the principle DRY!
How can I avoid this situation?

*Site contains a lot of different pages (Login, Home, HelpDesk, CustomPage1, CustomPage2...). For separate page I made separate test class (LoginPageTest, HomePageTest, HelpDeskPageTest). All test classes are independent on each other. In result I spend a lot of time for method @BeforeClass where WebDriver instantiate (>10sec.). It is so long! How can I avoid this time delay? How share instance within all testes?

How JUnit can help me with my problems?

A: for sure you need some kind of parameterization. which one, depends on what exactly do you need. if you want to run all methods from your test class with the same set of parameters then you need @Parameters. then you can have your arguments, e.g. "admin", "adminPassword" and each method will be run with those parameters accessible.
if however you need each method with different set of parameters then:
if you know all parameters at compile time, check zohhak. if you want parameters from file or other provider, check junitParams

A: What you are doing here is not unit testing, but just using junit as a helper to run integration or system tests. This is pretty common, and not really a sign of doing anything wrong. But it does mean that the general guidelines, features and best practises that apply to unit testing with junit should be ignored.
So forget about one assertion per test, and most of the annotations like @Before. Just write one method per test case, probably within the same test class representing a topic or feature.
So:
@Test
void testLoginAndOut() ...
@Test testLoginAndOpenHelpDeskPage() ..
Use common routines (e.g. void loginAUser(String name) as usual to prevent duplicated code.

A: You can repeat your tests with different data by passing dynamically in Junit also as TestNg.
Using Parameterized class you can achieve that.
See below post for example.
http://isagoksu.com/2009/development/agile-development/test-driven-development/using-junit-parameterized-annotation/

A: You can do this using a Parameterized test with JUnit but you need to use JUnit 4.11 or greater.   You can see an example that I made here.
Using Gradle, your build dependencies would look like this:
dependencies {
    // stored at: %HOMEPATH%/.gradle/caches/artifacts-14/filestore
    compile group: 'org.sikuli', name: 'sikuli-api', version: '1.0.+'
    compile group: 'org.seleniumhq.selenium', name: 'selenium-java', version: '2.+'
    compile group: 'commons-collections', name: 'commons-collections', version: '3.+'
    compile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.+'
    compile group: 'commons-lang', name: 'commons-lang', version: '2.+'
    compile group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: '2.+'
}


text:
unified_mode true

property :mapname,     String, required: true
property :source,      String, default: 'pg_ident.conf.erb'
property :cookbook,    String, default: 'postgresql'
property :system_user, String, required: true
property :pg_user,     String, required: true
property :comment,     String

action :create do
  ident_resource = new_resource
  with_run_context :root do
    edit_resource(:template, "#{conf_dir}/pg_ident.conf") do |new_resource|
      source new_resource.source
      cookbook new_resource.cookbook
      owner 'postgres'
      group 'postgres'
      mode '0640'
      variables[:pg_ident] ||= {}
      variables[:pg_ident][new_resource.name] = {
        comment: new_resource.comment,
        mapname: new_resource.mapname,
        system_user: new_resource.system_user,
        pg_user: new_resource.pg_user,
      }
      action :nothing
      delayed_action :create
      notifies :trigger, ident_resource, :immediately
    end
  end
end

action :trigger do
  new_resource.updated_by_last_action(true)
end

action_class do
  include PostgresqlCookbook::Helpers
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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