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The Famine in the Castlerea district
Posted by John Herson in Stories, Uncategorized
Ballaghadereen, Baslick, Castlerea, Co. Roscommon, Coleman, Dunmore, emigration, Famine, Galway, Killeroran, Mayo, Raftery, Stafford, Tiaquin, Tibohine, Tuam
In my last two posts (17 February and 22 March 2016) I looked at the Raftery families who settled in Stafford in the nineteenth century. The first of these, the 'Roscommon Rafterys', were in many ways classic Famine emigrants, destitute people forced out of Ireland at the height of the Famine in the dreadful year of 1847. This post, the first of two, looks at what was happening in the area of about fifteen miles radius round the town of Castlerea, Co. Roscommon. It encompassed the north west of Co. Roscommon and adjacent areas of Cos. Galway and Mayo and it suffered extreme population loss during the Famine.
The Castlerea area, Co. Roscommon and adjacent parts of Cos Galway and Mayo. (From Phillip's Map of Ireland, 1882, http://www.lennonwylie.co.uk/maps2.htm)
By the mid-1840s a scattering of people had already gone to Stafford from the Castlerea district. I looked at the reasons why in my post on 26 August 2015. Each year they were joined by harvesters from the area and this pattern might well have carried on for decades. The Famine changed all that. Even the small town of Stafford was to feel the impact, and the link between the Castlerea area and Staffordshire proved to be vital for many of the Famine's victims.
On 23 September 1845 it was reported that around Ballinrobe, Co. Mayo, 'The potato crop … is both ample and good … bountiful and healthy.'[1] At the same time the first reports were coming in from eastern Ireland of a new disease affecting the crop and on 20 October a constabulary report from Ballaghadereen, Co. Roscommon, said that 'incipient disease of the potato crop has shown itself in a partial way in this district within the last few days.'[2] Two weeks later the rot had become general, 'there being no instance in which the crop has wholly escaped the infection. … The general opinion, particularly since the wet weather has set in, is that at least one half of the whole crop will be destroyed before the first of next month.'[3] The deadly potato blight, phytophthora infestans, had arrived in the district.
As a direct result of the Famine the population of the Castlerea district fell from an estimated 255,779 in 1845 to 186,063 in 1851 – a loss of nearly 70,000. In other words, more than a quarter of the entire population disappeared from the area in just six years. Many people died from starvation, privation and disease, but large numbers also emigrated. It is impossible to say exactly how many because there is no accurate record of the people who died during the Famine, but between 30,000 and 50,000 may have died and 20,000 to 30,000 people emigrated from the Castlerea area during these terrible years.[4]
People emigrated during the Famine for five interlinked reasons. The first was the most direct impact of the Famine – starvation, destitution and inability to pay rent. This often triggered a second factor – eviction or the threat of eviction from the land because people couldn't pay the landlords' rent. In some parts of Ireland 'landlord-assisted emigration' – giving tenants money for passage to England or America – was a way of effectively evicting people, but the landlords of the Castlerea area were too poor, too uninvolved or too mean to adopt this approach. The third force driving people to emigrate was the impact of Poor Law forcing out small land-holders, a factor that became more devastating in the late 1840s and early 1850s. Fourthly, many people in secondary and tertiary occupation, such as carpenters, builders and traders, found their incomes disappearing as the Famine depressed the economy and demand for their goods and services dwindled. These four 'push' factors were increasingly complemented by the 'pull' force of contacts with people who had already left and sent money, information and prospects of help to those left behind.
The Tory government of Sir Robert Peel established a Relief Commission in November 1845 to organise food depots and respond to the efforts of local relief committees. [5] Local community leaders – magistrates, landlords, clergy – in the Castlerea area developed a comprehensive patchwork of such committees during the early months of 1846. The government made arrangements to secretly import Indian corn (maize) from America and from December 1845 schemes were developed to provide employment on public works. Wages of eight pence or ten pence a day were paid to men who could do this work but that was 'insufficient to support themselves, much less their starving families.'[6]
Even the stored potatoes were destroyed by blight. In January 1846 it was reported from Lough Glynn in Tibohine parish, Co. Roscommon, that 'within the last fortnight and even the last few days the potatoes in pits are nearly all diseased or quite rotten.'[7] This sudden loss of staple food immediately brought hunger to the masses and by March 1846 it was reported that there was 'great distress' in the Baronies of Dunmore and Tiaquin (Co. Galway) and that in the Barony of Castlereagh (sic) 'the distress prevalent in the district (was) likely to increase'.[8] Conditions rapidly worsened during the late spring and in July 1846 it was obvious that the potato disease was striking the new crop even more virulently than the previous year. On 22 August the Tuam Herald reported the 'total annihilation of the potato crop'.[9] At the same time the Whig Russell Government that had taken office on 30 June 1846 ordered the winding up of the Public Works programme. This took away the only sustenance for those with enough strength to work for the measly wages offered.
By the autumn of 1846 the Castlerea district was in the grip of starvation and destitution. Although the public works were restarted during the autumn, they never brought enough money to those most in need, and the local Famine Relief Committees reported harrowing starvation and death. William French, a member of a large landowning family in the Frenchpark area of Roscommon, wrote that
'You can scarcely conceive the state of privation and misery to which (the populace) are now reduced in consequence of the great scarcity, the exhaustion of their means and the high price at which every article of food has arrived. I have actually seen many after spending their day in Frenchpark return in tears to their family without a particle of food, and latterly the men have become fierce and wicked, and disposed to commit outrage if their wants are not supplied. The works have not recommenced to any extent, but at all events no monies have yet been received for labour, so that I really fear for the lives of the weak and all those who are unequal to the struggle.'[10]
By November 1846 deaths from starvation were reported from Drumatemple, and a 'population of 262 families (are) totally destitute of support'. Things rapidly worsened over the winter, so that on 14 January 1847 the secretary of the Ballintobber Relief Committee (Roscommon) reported 'Thousands of persons are absolutely perishing through want. Sickness is making frightful havoc among them'[11] At Killererin (Killeroran), across the border in Galway,
'at least two thirds of the population (are) without means. …. I know a family last week to shut themselves up in their house and let the parents and seven children lay down and give themselves up to death….and one poor widow who got three days refuge in a poor person's house. When she left the house her daughter had to carry her on her back begging, and in that position she died and was taken dead off her back.'[12]
From all over the district starvation and death multiplied. In February 1847 Charles Strickland, the chairman of the Lough Glynn famine relief committee wrote of 'the dreadful state of the poor in these districts. We are daily witnessing deaths of starvation which no means in our reach at present can avert.'[13] Localities dominated by absentee landlords were particularly suffering, and the reasons were sometimes linked directly to the land holding system. In Cloonygormican and Dunamon in Co. Roscommon it was stated that
'The district is unfortunately circumstanced in its means of receiving relief. The landlords are, in almost every instance, absentees, and, from the proprietors of a large portion of the district, no relief is likely to be received as their estates are under the control of the Court of Chancery……Another circumstance which tends, in a great degree, to prevent us from receiving relief is the extent to which subletting has been carried on in the district, and on properties on which are the largest proportion of paupers.'[14]
In Kilcorkey and Baslick parishes (Roscommon) another aspect of the land system was emphasised, together with the vagaries of the public works programme.
'This district …. is very large and from the circumstances of its being mostly a grazing country, the people were in the habit of living solely on the conacre system……The distress is still greater here owing to the suspension of public works in part of the district by the board who, to punish some persons who made an attack on one of their overseers, have thought fit to punish the innocent with the guilty for the span of more than one month. The provisions are so dear and scarce that the people are dying around me from starvation.'[15]
Week by week the local newspapers documented the suffering. In February 1847 the Tuam Herald wrote that 'The condition of the people … is becoming daily worse. …. They are perishing in hundreds by the roadside. "Starvation inquests" are alas! still held in abundance.' Three weeks later it poignantly described how, in the town, 'the hearing of persons dying from want or destitution has now become as familiar to our ears as the striking of the clock.'[16]
By the beginning of 1847 there was a rising tide of emigration. On 23rd January The Times carried a report that
'A gentleman, whose statements are entitled to the highest respect, gives a most deplorable picture of the condition of the county of Roscommon….He says that whole villages are depopulated, either by death or by the flight of such as have the means of transport to England, Scotland or America.'[17]
In April 1847 the Tuam Herald reported that 'for some weeks past our town has been crowded daily with hundreds passing through, collected from all quarters, making their way to the nearest seaport where ships can be had to take them away from the land of their fathers.' The paper took the view that 'the emigrants are not those people who cannot find food or employment – they are the pith and marrow of the land – comfortable farmers who take all their means with them, leaving only the destitute behind them'.[18]
It was direct emigration to America from local ports like Galway City that most impressed local commentators, since these were the people who could afford to pay for their passage. Many of the emigrants from the Castlerea area going to America had to pass through Tuam town and these were the people crowding the streets in the Herald's description. The route in the opposite direction was the one taken by the people who ended up in Stafford. In February 1847 a traveller from Roscommon to Dublin 'passed on the roads crowds of young men, and not a few young women, and some children, journeying towards Liverpool with the intention of proceeding thence to America.'[19] The parallel with the plight of the refugees in Europe today is striking.
It is often thought that the emigrants who finished up in Britain were those too poor or dissolute to get to better destinations overseas – a kind of Irish residuum at the bottom of the social hierarchy. The Stafford evidence suggests a more mixed picture but many of the Famine arrivals were nevertheless destitute labourers and conacre holders. They had to flee whilst they had any means and opportunity to do so. Famine refugees began to appear in Stafford in April 1847 and the numbers reached their peak in the summer of that year. The most unfortunate – the starving, the destitute, the ill and the dying – ended up in the vagrant ward of the workhouse or the infirmary. Some of the families who settled in Stafford, like the Roscommon Rafterys, the Sweeneys from Galway and the Colemans from Knock, Co. Mayo, arrived in the town at the height of the Famine in 1847.
Catherine Coleman with her granddaughter Catherine Moore, Stafford, c.1900. Catherine Coleman had been born in Co. Mayo in 1835 and came to Stafford with her parents as a childhood refugee from the Famine.
In the autumn of 1847 the Catholic dioceses of Ireland carried out a 'destitution survey', asking parish priests to report on the consequences of the Famine in their areas. In the Castlerea district it was an appalling picture. On average the priests reported that around thirty per cent of the families were absolutely destitute with most of the others in severe want. Upwards of seven per cent of the population had died as a direct result of the Famine whilst around sixteen per cent of the families had already emigrated.[20] In the next post I'll look at the other forces at work in the district during the Famine.
[1] L. Swords, In their own words: the Famine in North Connacht, 1845-49, (The Columba Press, Dublin, 1999), p. 18.
[2] Swords, In their own words, p. 18.
[3] Swords, In their own words, pp. 20-1
[4] Various attempts were made to produce figures for the number of deaths and emigrants in the Castlerea district using estimates and techniques adopted by analysts of the national and county impact of the Famine. The fact that the study area overlaps three counties complicated this process, but the main problem was that there is a bewildering variety of death rate estimates during the Famine coupled to problematic assumptions about the impact of the tragedy on the birth rate. The estimates of deaths in the Castlerea district produced by the various techniques ranged from 51,795 down to 21,929, but the majority lay between the low thirty thousands to the upper forty thousands. The resultant emigration figures mostly ranged from the low to the high twenty thousands, hence the figures given in the text. It is impossible to be more precise, important as the issue is. See S.H. Cousens, 'The regional pattern of emigration during the Great Irish Famine, 1846-51', Trans. Inst. Brit. Geographers, Second Series, 28, (1960), pp. 119-134; W.E. Vaughan & A.J. Fitzpatrick, Irish Historical Statistics: Population 1821-1971, (Dublin, 1978), Table 42; J. Mokyr, Why Ireland Starved, (London, 1985), esp. pp. 266-7.
[5] See, for example, C. Kinealy, This Great Calamity: the Irish Famine, 1845-52, (Dublin, Gill and Macmillan, 1994), chapter 2.
[6] Tuam Herald (TH), 4 July 1846
[7] Charles Strickland, Lough Glynn to J.P. Kennedy, Dublin Castle, 23 January 1846, Swords, In their own words, p. 24.
[8] House of Commons, 1846 (201), Weekly reports of Scarcity Com. Showing the progress of disease in potatoes: complaints and applications for relief, March 1846
[9] TH, 22 August 1846.
[10] National Archives of Ireland (NAI), RLFC3/2/25/38 Letter from William French to Fitzstephen French MP (forwarded to Dublin Castle), 8 October 1846.
[11] NAI, RLFC3/2/25/25, Letter from Patrick O'Connor, Chairman, Drumatemple Relief Committee to Dublin Castle, 3 November 1846; NAI RLFC3/2/25/24, Letter from Michael Daniel O'Connor, Secretary, Ballintobber Relief Committee to Dublin Castle, 14 January 1847.
[12] NAI, RLFC3/2/11/104, Letter from Mrs Henry Blake to Dublin Castle, 6 February 1847.
[13] NAI, RLFC3/2/25/44, Letter from Charles Strickland, 21 February 1847.
[14] NAI, RLFC3/2/25/26, Letter from J.E. Mennons, secretary, Cloonygormican and Dunamon famine relief committee to Sir Randolph Routh, 30 January 1847.
[15] NAI, RLFC3/2/25/36, Letter from Denis O'Connor, Chairman of the Kilcorkey and Baslick famine relief committee, 2 February 1847
[16] TH, 13 February and 6 March 1847.
[17] The Times, 23 January 1847
[18] TH, 10 April 1847 and 3 April 1847
[19] Lt-Col. Fitzmaurice, 10 February 1847, cited in R. Dolan, 'The great famine in the barony of Roscommon, 1845-1850', Unpub. MA dissertation, University College, Galway, p. 157.
[20] Usable reports of the Destitution Survey for the parishes of Kilcorkey, Fuerty, Elphin, Baslick, Ballintubber and Drumatemple were published in the Roscommon Journal on 30 October 1847. Those for Dunmore, Crossboyne, Ballaghadereen, Kilcolman and Castlemore were in the Tuam Herald on 13 November 1847.
4 thoughts on "The Famine in the Castlerea district"
Jim Finn said:
A great read ,thank you for this work
John Herson said:
Many thanks, Jim
Lois Rightmyer said:
I believe this is the story of my Morris (Morrisey) ancestors. They are listed in the 1861 Census in Staffordshire as being from Tibohine (James) and Mayo (Patrick-his son). They worked in the mines in the Moseley Hole area. Patrick emigrated to New York with his young family that same year. thanks for the insight into the circumstances.
Thanks for the interesting comment, Lois. You're lucky that the Census gives such a precise origin in Tibohine – it doesn't usually!


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From The Abyss to Zoolander
a journey through our dvd shelves
The Lego Movie (2014)
February 15, 2015 February 14, 2015 / Sally
When I heard that The Lego Movie did not get nominated for Best Animated Feature at this year's Academy Awards, I was angry. Like, really angry. Animated Feature is typically the only category I really give a crap about, because I feel like I've spent my entire life becoming an expert in animated films. So I can say with absolute certainty that The Lego Movie's exclusion was a big mistake. Big. Huge.
I think a lot of people immediately wrote this off as an extended toy commercial. It definitely is not one. This is an excellent story with a lot of heart. The story is that of an ordinary guy (Chris Pratt as construction worker, Emmet), who is mistaken for the mythical "Special", a Master Builder who will save the Lego Universe from the dastardly doings of Lord Business (Will Ferrell). At first Emmet follows the rules and tries to fit in, but eventually learns that he is in fact special, thanks to the often weird ideas that could only come from his imagination.
At it's heart The Lego Movie is really an extended celebration of imagination and creativity. This is something sorely lacking from much of children's play these days, where every toy seems to be part of a commercial tie-in to something else. It's actually quite ironic that Lego Movie criticizes this sort of branding, as the Lego business has moved away from it's generic play sets in favor of movie and TV tie-ins in recent years. It takes a lot of guts for a company to OK a film that points a finger at itself. At the same time the message of this movie harkens back to the original intent of the toy: make whatever you want; there are no limits. I doubt Lego will forgo partnering with popular franchises anytime soon, but maybe it will lead to a resurgence in popularity of its more traditional sets. After all, Emmet the "everyman" is the hero, not Batman or the Ninja Turtles or Shaquille O'Neal.
The Lego Movie also succeeds where most animated films don't by incorporating humor geared more towards adults than kids. However, there is nothing inappropriate about the jokes. They're just the sort of pop culture references and silly nonsense that will tickle parents. With so many kids movies being unbearable to watch if you're over the age of 10, it's great to have films like this that won't drive you crazy after repeated viewings. The only part that might grate adult nerves is the theme song, "Everything is Awesome." But even that is catchy in a fun way.
I really can't say enough good things about this movie. I was so impressed by The Lego Movie, and rank to among the best films made in the past decade. The clever, heartfelt story is up there with anything Pixar or Disney has done. This is a celebration of childhood imagination, and a reminder to adults to do everything in their power to nurture these sparks of creativity. Simply put, everything about this is awesome.
What could so easily be written as a toy commercial ends up being one of the most fun films for the family of 2014.
The Lego Movie is set in the world of Lego, where everyone follows their instructions, watches all the same television shows and likes all the same restaurants. This placid society has become mindless under the leadership of evil dictator Lord Business (Will Ferrell). Only a few select people called Master Builders can create things without using the instructions. They are awaiting a chosen one that will come and end Lord Business's reign. When the most ordinary Lego man of them all, Emmet (Chris Pratt), inadvertently stumbles upon a piece of resistance, the Master Builders believe he is the Chosen One. He sets off on a quest through the world of Lego, helped by the spunky Wyldestyle (Elizabeth Banks), Batman (Will Arnett), Benny the astronaut (Charlie Day), and the always upbeat Unikitty (Alison Brie), as they try to stop Lord Business from controlling the world any longer.
The thing I loved about this film was that it was just like when we played with Lego as a kid. We didn't care that Batman never hung out with the Ninja Turtles, when we played with Lego, anything was possible and I loved that this film took advantage of that. There was always the chance that rights issues would get in the way of making this dream come true, but for the most part, it seems like everyone agreed to use their characters in this film and it works so well. The voice cast is fantastic. Chris Pratt is fun as Emmet (what a year he had with this hit and Guardians of the Galaxy both coming out). There is a real hint of his Parks and Recreation character Andy Dwyer about him and that is never a bad thing. Will Arnett is also fun as Batman. The film is very tongue in cheek with him, lambasting his character and how he has been portrayed as a brooding sullen figure who only wears black. I also loved Alison Brie as Unikitty. I love Alison Brie on Community, and she is just as much fun here as the perpetually happy cat.
This film is not just for children either. There are so many tongue in cheek jokes that the parents will get too. The Lego Movie truly is fun for the whole family.
Clearly this is also an advertisement for Lego, but who cares. Lego is awesome. Every kid should have it.
Rating: A-
Rated A
animated, comedy, family, L
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2 thoughts on "The Lego Movie (2014)"
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Your enviable lifestyle at Eliza Ponds is waiting for you.
Eliza Ponds is walking distance to Coogee Beach and Port Coogee Marina, where you can throw a line off the jetty, jump off the pontoon, or snorkel out to the sunken shipwreck of the Omeo.
What's more, Fremantle – Perth's cultural capital – is less than 15 minutes away, and has endless delights for you to discover on a Sunday morning stroll if you're looking for a break from cooking in your brand new home.
Phoenix Shopping Centre is also only minutes away and has a Woolworths, Coles and Big W – and a planned town centre will provide a range of additional local amenities.
At home at Eliza Ponds, your day can be filled with a relaxing walk along wonderful walking paths or around beautiful ponds, perhaps with your four-legged friend. Or they can be spent unwinding in your brand new home, making a family meal in a relaxing, quiet neighbourhood.
But you're also only moments away from the vibrant activity in Fremantle or Perth City – and so you'll absolutely have the best of both worlds.
What's more, the community is perfectly located for families, not least because there are three primary schools and four childcare centres on your doorstep. The kids can keep active at Beale Park sporting ground, and there's a public library and Woodman Point Nature reserve all within 2km.
And there are plenty of choices when it comes to keeping fit, active and healthy. Overlooking Manning Park, the Spearwood's Dalmatinac Club is only 3km away, and it's fully equipped with tennis courts, lawn bowls, bocce and soccer grounds.
At Port Coogee Marina, you can shop at high-end boutiques, and indulge at a range of local cafes and bars just minutes from your home.
Which means that Eliza Ponds is ideal for all lifestyles, with planned public open spaces (shown to the right) set to complete the picture.


Current research suggests that obesity and diabetes will affect more than a third of adults in the not too distant future. Focusing on engaging people with exercise is a priority. It's reassuring to see many businesses now taking on this responsibility too, supporting employee health and wellbeing.
Charity Bike Build's goal is to improve access to exercise, through ownership or access to bikes.
The Charity Bike Build challenge also acts as an inspiration to those who take part, many participants have dragged their bikes out of the back of the shed, fixed that puncture and gone for their first ride in many years.
Reignite your ride to work scheme, create one.
We have the capablilities and experience to support your health and wellbing initiatives whether they are focussed on your employees or your local community.


In New Zealand, Pasifika children and young people experience disproportionately higher rates of family violence and sexual violence than the general population, with lower rates of access to support.
Le Va's research over two years identified the underlying conditions, risk factors and protective factors for violence unique to Pasifika young people and different from the risk factors for the general New Zealand population.
This research is brand new and currently being published. More information about the research will be made available in late 2018.
We are providing free online learning for young people and their families to learn the knowledge and tools to live violence free.
The I AM module is the first resource to be launched as part of the Atu-Mai project. I AM aims to strengthen young people's self-worth through learning more about their Pasifika cultural identity.
Over time other e-learning resources will be developed, including topics like respectful relationships, intergenerational communications and parenting and family relationship skills. These modules will further support Pasifika young people to develop confidence, resilience and the skills to make positive decisions and experience healthy family relationships.
Visit www.atumai.nz to sign up.
We will work alongside Pasifika community organisations, groups and community leaders to provide training and resources that support them to prevent violence in their communities. This includes face-to-face workshops.
Over time we'll add more resources and workshops available near you, so please check back and sign up to our e-newsletter to stay up to date.
Visit www.safetotalk.nz free call 0800 044 334, free text 4334 or live chat.


FOR THE RECORD: OLYMPIC GAMES: 1948 4th (200m breaststroke); 1952 gold (200m breaststroke); 1956 silver (200m breaststroke); WORLD RECORDS: 10; OLYMPIC RECORDS: 5; HUNGARIAN NATIONAL RECORDS: 101; HUNGARIAN NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS: 68.
Eva Szekely, more than any other swimmer, took the difficult transitions in World Record stride from butterfly-breast (Olympic gold) allowed in 1952 to orthodox breast (Olympic silver) required in 1956. She was the first World Record holder in the 400m individual medley in 1953. In a long career of 3 Olympics (1948-52-56) Szekely was Europe's best all-round swimmer in the early 1950s. Still active as a coach, her swimmers -- including her World Record daughter, Andrea Gyarmati (butterfly) -- have set 21 European Records.


A host of computer testing equipment is also seen through the windshield of this Rebel tester. We have been told to expect Pentastar equipped trucks to begin production in August and have seen a leaked document, listing a 27 MPG highway number. We don't know whether that number is EPA certified or would be achievable on all trucks or just the HFE model. The Pentastar continues to be rated at 305hp and 269lb ft of torque as in previous models, but all come with FCAs new eTorque system which ads start/stop functionality and up to 90lb ft of launch torque on the V6 equipped models.
The 5.7 Hemi is also available with the eTorque system as an option and while 5.7 eTorque equipped trucks are now available to order, it doesn't appear as they are in production quite yet. Currently we have a few forum members waiting on eTorque equipped orders.
Stay tuned to 5thGenRams for all the latest information concerning the new trucks.


text:
Lincoln-Douglas Charleston Debate
1994-09-18T14:40:30-04:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/db0/19941228035542001.jpgStephen A. Douglas, the incumbent senator, and Abraham Lincoln, a former congressman and current attorney, met for the fourth in a series of seven debates for the right to represent Illinois in the Senate. They debated the issues of the day before an outdoor crowd in Charleston, Illinois. Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas traded conspiratorial accusations. Mr. Lincoln accused Mr. Douglas of conspiring to deny the people of Kansas the right to vote on their constitution, which would have legalized slavery, thus usurping their "popular sovereignty." Mr. Douglas again charged Mr. Lincoln with participating in a conspiracy, along with Senator Trumbull, a Democrat from Illinois, to abolitionize the Whig and Democratic parties. This fourth debate was most significant for two main reasons. First, Mr. Lincoln's remarks during the first five minutes about black equality have troubled historians and his admirers ever since. Secondly, the consistently negative tone of the charges, refutations and counter charges was particularly virulent in this debate. This was the fourth of seven re-enactments of the Lincoln-Douglas senatorial debates in 1858. This debate occurred on September 18, 1858 from 2:45 pm to 5:45 pm. Mr. Lincoln spoke for an hour, Mr. Douglas for an hour and a half, and Mr. Lincoln replied for another half hour. Between 12,000 and 15,000 peopled witnessed the event. In the 1994 re-enactment, the following people portrayed the characters: Rep. Glenn Foshard (Dr. William Chambers), B.F. McClerren (Abraham Lincoln), Russel Brazzel (Stephen A. Douglas) and Doc Ramsey (Orlando Ficklin).
Stephen A. Douglas, the incumbent senator, and Abraham Lincoln, a former congressman and current attorney, met for the fourth in a series of seven debates… read more
Stephen A. Douglas, the incumbent senator, and Abraham Lincoln, a former congressman and current attorney, met for the fourth in a series of seven debates for the right to represent Illinois in the Senate. They debated the issues of the day before an outdoor crowd in Charleston, Illinois. Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas traded conspiratorial accusations. Mr. Lincoln accused Mr. Douglas of conspiring to deny the people of Kansas the right to vote on their constitution, which would have legalized slavery, thus usurping their "popular sovereignty." Mr. Douglas again charged Mr. Lincoln with participating in a conspiracy, along with Senator Trumbull, a Democrat from Illinois, to abolitionize the Whig and Democratic parties. This fourth debate was most significant for two main reasons. First, Mr. Lincoln's remarks during the first five minutes about black equality have troubled historians and his admirers ever since. Secondly, the consistently negative tone of the charges, refutations and counter charges was particularly virulent in this debate. This was the fourth of seven re-enactments of the Lincoln-Douglas senatorial debates in 1858. This debate occurred on September 18, 1858 from 2:45 pm to 5:45 pm. Mr. Lincoln spoke for an hour, Mr. Douglas for an hour and a half, and Mr. Lincoln replied for another half hour. Between 12,000 and 15,000 peopled witnessed the event. In the 1994 re-enactment, the following people portrayed the characters: Rep. Glenn Foshard (Dr. William Chambers), B.F. McClerren (Abraham Lincoln), Russel Brazzel (Stephen A. Douglas) and Doc Ramsey (Orlando Ficklin). close
Transcript type Closed Captioning Record People Graphical Timeline
Filter by Speaker All Speakers Russel Brazzel Glenn Foshard B.F. McClerren Doc Ramsey Brian Lamb
Russel Brazzel Portrayal Stephen A. Douglas
Glenn Foshard Portrayal Dr. William Chambers
B.F. McClerren Portrayal Abraham Lincoln
Doc Ramsey Portrayal Orlando Bell Ficklin
Brian Lamb Host C-SPAN
Lincoln-Douglas 1994 Debate Re-enactmentLincoln-Douglas 1994 Debate Re-enactment
Charleston, Illinois, United States
Sep 18, 1994 | 2:40pm EDT | C-SPAN 1
Oct 09, 2007 | 5:32am EDT | C-SPAN 3
Sep 19, 1994 | 3:41am EDT | C-SPAN 1
Nov 27, 1994 | 12:40pm EST | C-SPAN 2
Dec 28, 1994 | 3:41am EST | C-SPAN 1
Dec 28, 1998 | 2:44pm EST | C-SPAN 2
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text:
Q: CSS problems, misalignment, and 100% is not 100%? I am working on a small project, and am having two tiny problems with CSS.
I have played around with everything to no avail.
1) In IE6 the content and logo is not lining up correctly.
2) In Firefox, the tooltip box fixed at the bottom of the page (which degrades in IE6) although styled as width:100%; is not spanning the whole screen. There is a gap on the left hand side.
These problems can be seen by viewing http://gua.com/wd/ in the respective browsers.
If anyone could advise as to what has gone wrong, and why, it would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks

A: for firefox: Yyou can add left:0; for #bottom
for internet explorer: I see your menu to be wrong not the logo. To solve this just add margin:0 for #top-nav

A: You should ideally be using some sort of css reset stylesheet to overcome specific browser idiosyncrasies.
In your case appending a margin: 0px; to your body should do the trick (For Firefox). IE6, well, its usually best left to a IE6 specific conditional stylesheet.

A: "100%" means "100% of the parent box's client space". Not "100% of the entire viewport".
And IE6's CSS support is f*cked beyond sanity. If it doesn't work, use absolute positioning or whatever else it takes in a special stylesheet and include it with conditional comments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I got into my car yesterday afternoon to head to the craft store, the temperature gauge on my dash read 103 degrees. Let me repeat that in case you are hard of reading. It was ONE HUNDRED AND THREE DEGREES yesterday. It was only the first of June. The first day of summer is not for a few more weeks. . .OH DEAR!!!!
sigh. . .It's going to be a LONG, HOT summer.
At least I have some new craft supplies to keep me company as I hide away in the craft room.
Perhaps I can kick out some more new jewelry pieces.
Until then, here's another re-listed item.
If you can believe it, I'm off to make some steaming hot potato SOUP. Yup soup, I think the heat has already gotten to me.
I think we were at 93 yesterday with what felt like 100% humidity : P I don't know how you get anything done!
Patty - Oh yeah! The humidity here was awful too. It felt like a sauna inside a hot tub. You could almost swim through the air yesterday it was so thick! I try to stay inside as much as possible.
Heidi - I hope you've got some tips on how to overcome the heat! Yeah, those earrings are beauties!
It's been 102 here and our A/C is on its last leg. We were scared to turn it on until yesterday, but it got too hot so we gave it a try.
Bibi- Well, you definitely know what I'm talking about.
I can't believe you just now turned on your A/C. Ours has been on for months!
Oh, goodness... and I thought it was hot here yesterday! Geeze... But, mmm, those icy faceted Tim Holtz pieces look wonderful! I haven't seen those yet, but I did grab some different packets of the Bead Landing Bezels, Frames and Filigrees---they are wonderful and just a pleasure to work with! You will love them. :D Those earrings are very pretty; they remind me of India for some reason. Hope you find ways to stay cool in the summery days to come!
Jacinta- Oh yeah, Tim's got a whole selection of new items at Michael's. I finally settled on these but left the empty pocketwatch, the reinforcer stickers, the glass bottles, and a few other items behind (for now.) I might break out the resin the afternoon to play with my new bezels. I do like that new line from them, some of the other ones are less DIY and I'm not as big a fan.


JERUSALEM — Israelis stood still on Thursday for a nationwide moment of silence in remembrance of the 6 million Jewish victims of the Holocaust, as a two-minute siren wailed across the country and the nation paid respects to those systematically killed by Nazi Germany and its collaborators in World War II.
As every year on Holocaust Remembrance Day, buses and cars halted on streets and highways and Israelis stepped out of their vehicles, standing with heads bowed in solemn remembrance.
A third of the world's Jews were murdered in the Holocaust. Israel was established afterward in 1948, and hundreds of thousands of survivors fled to the Jewish state.
On Wednesday evening, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke at a Holocaust memorial ceremony at Yad Vashem and warned that archenemy Iran should not test Israel amid rising tensions in Syria.
"Events of recent days teach that standing up to evil and aggression is a mission imposed on every generation," Netanyahu said.
"Today as well, a murderous regime threatens us, threatens entire world peace, this regime explicitly declares that it intends to annihilate us, the Jewish state," he said, alluding to Iran.
Netanyahu compared the 2015 nuclear deal between world powers and Iran to the appeasement of Adolf Hitler in the run-up to World War II. He said the agreement "released the Iranian regime from its chains and since has devoured country after country, similar to what happened in Europe in the 1930s."
Israel regards Iran as an existential threat because of its nuclear and ballistic missile programs and support for anti-Israel organizations such as the Shiite militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon and Palestinian militant groups Hamas and Islamic Jihad.
Tehran insists that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes only.


NEWARK – Acting Attorney General John J. Hoffman, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (BPU), and the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs, announced that Fairview-based Keil & Sons, Inc., d/b/a Systrum Energy ("Systrum"), has agreed to pay $554,698.06, including $436,131.61 in consumer restitution; has stopped selling electric and/or natural gas service to residential consumers; and will make other changes to its business practices, in order to resolve the State's allegations that the third-party energy supplier deceived consumers by promising they would save money by switching from their utility providers.
Systrum is one of three third-party energy suppliers against whom the State filed civil Complaints during the spring of 2014, alleging they failed to live up to their promises that the consumers would save money by switching from their utility companies. When energy prices spiked during the harsh winter of 2013-2014, the companies' rates far exceeded those the customers would have paid, had they stayed with their previous electric and/or natural gas suppliers.
Systrum's marketing materials and advertisements represented that it offered "New Jersey's Lowest Residential Electric Rates" and promised savings up to 20 percent on consumers' monthly electric and/or natural gas bills. Instead, during the first three months of 2014, Systrum allegedly charged as much as 150 percent more per kilowatt-hour than the customers would have paid if they had stayed with their previous energy provider.
In settling with the State, Systrum asserted that it no longer provides energy services to residential consumers. Instead, the company only provides gas supply services, and provides them only to commercial customers.
Systrum will pay the State $554,698.06, of which $436,131.61 represents consumer restitution, $50,000 represents civil penalties, and the rest will reimburse the State's investigative and legal costs. In addition, Systrum will pay a State-approved firm to act as a "settlement administrator" and distribute the restitution to affected residents. Systrum will pay the administrator up to $40,000, over and above the total settlement amount.
Systrum also agreed that it will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including a September 2014 Order by the BPU which establishes additional requirements for third-party energy suppliers. These include providing consumers with either a fixed pricing arrangement or a clear statement of the precise mechanism by which monthly prices will be determined; maintaining a customer service representative and a regulatory affairs representative who will be available during normal New Jersey business hours; maintaining a website and email address by which consumers can submit complaints or questions at any time; using good faith efforts to respond to and resolve all consumer complaints; tell consumers they may contact the BPU with complaints; and otherwise honor consumers' rights under New Jersey law.
Systrum is the second of the three third-party energy suppliers to settle the State's allegations that they violated the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act, the Consumer Fraud Act, multiple regulations concerning energy licensing and registration, retail choice consumer protection, advertising by energy suppliers, and/or the Plain Language Act.
The State in January 2015 announced its $2.1 Million settlement with HIKO Energy LLC. The Complaint against Palmco Power NJ, LLC and Palmco Energy NJ, LLC (collectively, "Palmco") is still pending.
Investigators Jeffrey Watkins and Raquel Williams, of the Office of Consumer Protection within the Division of Consumer Affairs, conducted these investigations.
Deputy Attorney General Jeffrey Koziar, of the Consumer Fraud Prosecution Section within the Division of Law, and Caroline Vachier, Section Chief of the Public Utilities Section of the Division of Law, represented the State in this action.


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1.1 Natural Stone Consulting ("we" or "us") shall sell and the Buyer ("you") shall purchase the goods specified on the order acknowledgement ("the Goods") to which these terms are annexed ("the Order Acknowledgement") in accordance with these terms which shall govern the contract for the purchase of the Goods ("the Contract") to the exclusion of any other terms and conditions, including those which you may purport to imply under any purchase order or other document.
1.2 The Order Acknowledgement or payment of deposit together with these terms constitutes an offer by you to buy the Goods. No Contract shall come into effect until the earlier of a) our notifying you that the Goods are ready to be delivered or collected and b) our issuing you with a written acceptance of the order.
3.1 On accepting your order we will give you an estimated delivery date but at that stage it is indicative only because it is beyond our control, so you must not rely on it, and it is not of the essence. Once the Goods are ready warehouse we will arrange a delivery date with you (or notify you if you are collecting the Goods).
3.4 If we are not able to deliver all the Goods at one time, we may deliver your order in instalments. We will not charge you extra delivery costs for this. However, if you ask us to deliver the order in instalments, we may charge you extra delivery costs. Each instalment shall constitute a separate Contract. If we are late delivering an instalment or one instalment is faulty, that will not entitle you to cancel any other instalment.
3.6 If you fail to take delivery of or collect the Goods when arranged, or fail to give us adequate delivery instructions then, without prejudice to any other right or remedy available to us, we may a) store the Goods until actual delivery or collection and charge you for the reasonable costs (including insurance) of storage and b) sell the Goods at the best price readily obtainable and (after deducting all reasonable storage and selling expenses) account to you for the excess over the price under the Contract or charge you for any shortfall below the price under the Contract. When giving delivery instructions you must consider the width and gradient of the road as well as whether access to the address is firm, solid ground (ie. is the access a tarmac or gravel surface?) – this will determine the type of vehicle that can be used for delivery and therefore the cost of delivery. Smaller vehicles with a hiab/crane will need to be used for deliveries with restricted access. Delivery of goods does not include carrying products into premises or up or down any stairs. Deliveries will be made on a specified date between 8.30am and 5.30pm.
3.7 You are not entitled to return any Products to us save as set out herein and under the law, but if we agree that you may do so then all Products returned must be in the same condition they were in when we delivered them or made them available for you to collect, and must be properly packaged.
6.14 You will not have any right to cancel for the supply of any Goods which are bespoke or adapted for use by you specifically.


text:
Q: Mysql - Problema de relación 3 tablas recurro a los expertos ya que me encuentro bloqueado y sin más ideas por intentar.
Antecedente
La base de datos ya se encuentra creada por una empresa de terceros por lo cual tenemos acceso a la base de datos, pero no podemos modificar la estructura, por lo cual cualquier cambio a nivel tabla no es posible. Métodos como utilizar variables o procedimientos son descartados ya que el acceso a la base es limitado a queries solo para reportes (Por mi fuera preferiría rehacer la base de datos, lamentablemente no es posible ni factible)
Problemática
Existen 3 tablas: artículos, clientes, ventas, su estructura es:
CREATE TABLE clientes(
    id_cliente INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    clave VARCHAR(10),
    nombre VARCHAR(50),
    PRIMARY KEY (id_cliente)
);

CREATE TABLE articulos(
    id_articulo INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    clave VARCHAR(10),
    descripcion VARCHAR(30),
    PRIMARY KEY (id_articulo)
);

CREATE TABLE ventas(
    id_ventas INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    id_articulo INT NOT NULL,
    id_cliente INT NOT NULL,
    cantidad   INT,
    PRIMARY KEY(id_ventas),
    INDEX (id_cliente),
    INDEX (id_articulo),
    FOREIGN KEY (id_cliente) REFERENCES clientes(id_cliente),
    FOREIGN KEY (id_articulo) REFERENCES articulos(id_articulo)
);

De éstas tablas (datos de ejemplo) tienen lo siguiente:
INSERT INTO clientes (clave, nombre)
VALUES
('cli1', 'Luis'),
('cli2', 'Omar'),
('cli3', 'Isra')
;

INSERT INTO articulos (clave, descripcion)
VALUES
('art1', 'Clavos'),
('art2', 'Alambre'),
('art3', 'Varilla'),
('art4', 'Malla'),
('art5', 'Cemento');

INSERT INTO ventas (id_articulo, id_cliente, cantidad)
VALUES
(1,1,11),
(2,1,21),
(1,2,24),
(3,2,23),
(4,2,21),
(5,2,26),
(4,1,19),
(2,3,23);

Quedando sus datos (visualmente) así:
Clientes:

    id_cliente |    clave   |   nombre
    1               cli1        Luis
    2               cli2        Omar
    3               cli3        Isra
Articulos:
id_articulo |   clave   |   descripcion
1               art1        Clavos
2               art2        Alambre
3               art3        Varilla
4               art4        Malla
5               art5        Cemento
Ventas:
id_ventas   |   id_articulo |   id_cliente  |   cantidad
1                   1               1               11
2                   2               1               21
3                   1               2               24
4                   3               2               23
5                   4               2               21
6                   5               2               26
7                   4               1               19
8                   2               3               23

El problema es al intentar mostrar el resultado (mediante querie) para poder visualizar todos los clientes con TODOS los artículos aunque no tenga ventas.
Se ha intentado con LEFT JOIN, CROSS JOIN UNION ALL y UNION y no se ha logrado el objetivo.
Resultado esperado
Se espera poder ver todos los clientes, con todos los artículos aunque no tenga ventas (en éste caso mostrar NULL o 0) algo así:
id_cliente |    nombre  |   id_articulo |   descripcion |   cantidad
    1           Luis            1           Clavos              11
    1           Luis            2           Alambre             21
    1           Luis            3           Varilla              0
    1           Luis            4           Malla               19
    1           Luis            5           Cemento              0
    2           Omar            1           Clavos              24
    2           Omar            2           Alambre              0
    2           Omar            3           Varilla             23
    2           Omar            4           Malla               21
    2           Omar            5           Cemento             26
    3           Isra            1           Clavos               0
    3           Isra            2           Alambre             23
    3           Isra            3           Varilla              0
    3           Isra            4           Malla                0
    3           Isra            5           Cemento              0

Espero puedan apoyarme y orientarme, y una disculpa anticipada si es que la información es incorrecta o como muestro la información no es la adecuada.
De antemano gracias.
Solución
Gracias a la ayuda, orientación y aporte de @patricio-moracho logre solucionar este problema.
La solución es mostrar todos los clientes que existen en la tabla de ventas y a su vez a cada uno de los clientes un listado con todos los artículos existentes (en éste caso 5), el código final ha quedado así:
SELECT
  c.id_cliente,
  c.nombre,
  a.id_articulo,
  a.descripcion,
  IFNULL (v.cantidad, 0)
FROM
  (SELECT
    c.id_cliente,
    c.nombre
  FROM
    clientes c
    LEFT JOIN ventas v
      ON v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente
  WHERE v.id_cliente IS NOT NULL
  GROUP BY c.id_cliente) AS c
  LEFT JOIN articulos a
    ON 1 = 1
  LEFT JOIN ventas v
    ON v.id_articulo = a.id_articulo
    AND v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente;

A: Algo así:
SELECT c.id_cliente,
       c.nombre,
       a.id_articulo,
       a.descripcion,
       IFNULL(v.cantidad,0) cantidad
       FROM clientes c
       LEFT JOIN articulos a
           ON 1 = 1
       LEFT JOIN ventas v
           ON v.id_articulo = a.id_articulo
           AND v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente
       ORDER BY c.id_cliente,
                a.id_articulo;

Salida:
| id_cliente | nombre | id_articulo | descripcion | cantidad |
|------------|--------|-------------|-------------|----------|
|          1 |   Luis |           1 |      Clavos |       11 |
|          1 |   Luis |           2 |     Alambre |       21 |
|          1 |   Luis |           3 |     Varilla |        0 |
|          1 |   Luis |           4 |       Malla |       19 |
|          1 |   Luis |           5 |     Cemento |        0 |
|          2 |   Omar |           1 |      Clavos |       24 |
|          2 |   Omar |           2 |     Alambre |        0 |
|          2 |   Omar |           3 |     Varilla |       23 |
|          2 |   Omar |           4 |       Malla |       21 |
|          2 |   Omar |           5 |     Cemento |       26 |
|          3 |   Isra |           1 |      Clavos |        0 |
|          3 |   Isra |           2 |     Alambre |       23 |
|          3 |   Isra |           3 |     Varilla |        0 |
|          3 |   Isra |           4 |       Malla |        0 |
|          3 |   Isra |           5 |     Cemento |        0 |

El truco es hacer un OUTER JOIN con la tabla de articulos mediante:
LEFT JOIN articulos a
     ON 1 = 1

Si quieres listar solo los clientesque tuvieran al menos una venta:
SELECT c.id_cliente,
       c.nombre,
       a.id_articulo,
       a.descripcion,
       IFNULL(v.cantidad,0) cantidad
       FROM clientes c
       LEFT JOIN articulos a
           ON 1 = 1
       LEFT JOIN ventas v
           ON v.id_articulo = a.id_articulo
           AND v.id_cliente = c.id_cliente
       WHERE c.id_cliente IN (SELECT DISTINCT id_cliente FROM ventas)
       ORDER BY c.id_cliente,
                a.id_articulo;


text:
Home Samsung Samsung Newsroom confirm that Galaxy Fold ready for launch starting from September
Samsung Newsroom confirm that Galaxy Fold ready for launch starting from September
Samsung was the first major smartphone manufacturer to unveil a foldable device, all the way back in February. After a couple of setbacks, the Galaxy Fold is finally ready to steal the show and give us all a nerd boner.
For the uninitiated, the Samsung Galaxy Fold began shipping in April but the first batch itself was plagued with hardware issues such as a flimsy top protective layer, and gaps in the hinge that would let dirt get lodged under the display and damage. Samsung was quick to issue a blanket recall and delay the shipment of the remainder of the units.
But months passed by, and there was little communication from Samsung about the fate of the Fold and whether it will rise back up some day. There were occasional murmurs about Samsung having narrowed down the issues, followed by a phase of testing and developing the next batch of the Galaxy Fold.
There was still a fair bit of vagueness around the matter, but to ease our anticipation, Samsung held a press conference in Korea where the CEO DJ Kho talked about why the Fold was rushed before it was even ready and how that snowballed into a disaster. They revealed that the Fold was almost ready with numerous testers ensuring that it doesn't go the way of the Note 7. But even after that announcement, a launch date was nowhere to be found. All we got was the confirmation that the Samsung Galaxy Fold was nearing its second wind.
Samsung#GalaxyFold ready for launch starting from September. Find out more: https://smsng.news/2McrfHy
DJ Kho
After what seemed like weeks of waiting, this morning, Samsung finally broke their silence on the topic and went on to confirm that the Galaxy Fold is ready for launch, and will ship in September. In this 'first' wave of shipments, countries such as the U.S., South Korea, Germany, France, the U.K. and India will get to experience the Fold.
They even went on to clarify what specific changes they implemented and improved upon. The top protective has now been extended to the very edge of the front panel to not look like a screen protector or come off. The hinge along the spine will now be less prone to external elements thanks to additional reinforcements and protection caps.
The Samsung Galaxy Fold was supposed to be at the forefront of this movement where smartphones are not limited by their physical dimensions and can offer immersive experiences that are literally bigger than their physical footprints. The Fold will soon be followed by the Huawei Mate X, also expected to take to the stage in September.
FOLDABLE DISPLAY
SAMSUNG TRUE FLAGSHIP SMARTPHONE
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As time goes by, it is inevitable that signs of ageing start to appear in our skin. The skin is made up of an outer layer called the epidermis and an inner layer called the dermis. Pigment producing cells called melanocytes lie within the epidermis while elastin fibres (elastic fibres giving the skin its suppleness) and collagen fibres (giving strength to the skin) lie within the dermis. Finally an under-layer of fatty tissue plumps out the skin.
As we age, all of these layers of skin are affected. The epidermis and dermis of the skin and the fatty tissue underneath thin out causing a crepe like appearance. Thinning of the skin along with less elastin and collagen production also results in wrinkles, particularly in highly mobile areas of the face such as around the forehead, eyes and mouth. The skin starts to sag due to less support and the gradual effects of gravity and changes to the facial tissues. More pigment and uneven pigment is produced by the melanocytes in the epidermis resulting in uneven pigmentation and age spots. Finally, our skin becomes drier and can feel rougher and small broken blood vessels can appear.
Most of us would like to prevent or minimise these changes as much as possible. To a certain extent all of these changes will happen to all of us. However there are ways to slow down or minimise ageing of our skin.
Sun exposure greatly increases the rate of ageing of the skin. Using a regularly applied broad spectrum sun block of at least SPF 30 when outdoors, covering up with a wide-brimmed hat and loose clothing and avoiding the more intense sunlight of the midday period will all help protect your skin against accelerated ageing and indeed against some skin cancers as well. Sun blocks need to protect against both UVA and UVB rays. It is particularly important to protect the more delicate skin of young children as they will burn more easily. To optimise sun protection, sunscreens can be combined with topical (applied to the skin) anti-oxidants such as Vitamin C serums. Vitamin C has other anti-ageing properties as well as UV protection, such as helping with collagen production and helping to reduce hyper-pigmentation.
Smoking has a definite ageing effect on the skin. Smokers tend to have more wrinkles and more defined wrinkles compared to non-smokers. This happens particularly around the lips and mouth area.
Keeping your skin clean and well-hydrated helps care for it considerably. Ensuring that all makeup is removed but avoiding harsh products keeps your skin clean. Using but not overusing a moisturiser helps your skin fresh, soft and hydrated. It does not necessarily have to be an expensive product.
Eating a healthy balanced diet, with fresh vegetables, fruit and protein and keeping well hydrated, will have a knock-on effect on improving your skin quality.


text:
NewsFootball
FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw live streaming: When & where to watch the event in India
Checkout the live streaming details of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw.
Written By Zee Media Bureau|Edited By: Rachit Kanaujia|Last Updated: Mar 30, 2022, 07:51 PM IST|Source: Bureau
The FIFA World Cup 2022 is all set to commence on November 21 with 28 out of the 32 nations already confirmed. The highly anticipated Final Draw for the World Cup will take place at the Doha Exhibiton and Convention Center in Qatar, on Friday (April 1).
Eight groups of four teams will be placed in their respective pots according to their FIFA World Rankings. The hosts Qatar will be place in position A1 from Pot 1, where they will be joined by the top seven ranked qualified teams from the FIFA Men's World Ranking.
In Tuesday's playoffs of Europe and Africa, the world saw seven nations qualify for the finals: Portugal, Poland, Tunisia, Morocco, Cameroon, Senegal and Ghana.
The countries occupying positions from 8 to 15 in the ranking of the qualified teams will be allocated in Pot 2, while the 16th-23rd best-ranked qualifiers will be placed in Pot 3. Finally, Pot 4 will include the qualified teams in positions 24 to 28, plus three placeholders representing the two winners of the intercontinental play-offs and the remaining UEFA play-off winner.
Here are all the details of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw:
Where will the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw take place?
The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw will take place at the Doha Exhibition and Convention Center in Qatar.
When will the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw take place?
The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw will take place on Friday, April 1.
What time will the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw start?
The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw will start at 21:30 PM IST.
Where can I live streaming the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw?
The live streaming of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw will be available on Voot website and app.
Which TV channel will broadcast the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw?
The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Final Draw will be broadcast live on History TV18 HD.
FIFA World Cup 2022World Cup Groups DrawQatar World Cup
Shah Rukh Khan Spills Beans on Pathaan Sequel, Says, 'It will be my honour'


Cuncurrent sentencing. What are your thoughts on that?
Does it make any sence to you?
Yes, I like it. I think it is a great way for a court to show the gravity of a person's actions, especially if they repeated the same crime over and over again. I think it helps society keep hardened criminals off the streets when the likelihood of them being paroled would be a 100 years from now.
It's concurrent. I generally think it to be proper, but there are times, especially when the convictions are not related, when I think consecutive sentences are in order.
@Siren You have made an argument for consecutive sentencing rather than concurrent sentencing.
Cuncurrent sentencing makes no sence to me.
I dislike them. It is like washing out all but one conviction. Kill 3 people but only serve time for one, and pretend to be serving an additional 2 sentences. It's crap.
@gailcalled Thanks but,why are you whispering? It is not off topic.
BTW everyone I know that I made a spelling error.
@Siren would you like to answer again since you meant that you like consecutive sentencing.
@thriftymaid you state that you find it proper, but you don't explain how one murder let's say merits the same consequence as 10 murders.
@jewel, I agree. I don't know how it ever occured to whoever proposed it in the first place?
@flo Sometimes there will be three counts of the same offense. Remember there are many convictions that are not for murder, but murder seems to be what people always think of. When there are three counts for something that carries 70 months, I usually think one 70 month sentence is enough, especially when the offense was not a crime to persons and/or the defendant is not a lifetime offender. If the offense is a crime to persons, I like to see consecutive sentencing although I will always plead the court concurrent sentencing for my client.
Concurrent vs. Concentric. When it is your derriere on the block you will give thanks that we have Concurrent Sentencing Rules.
I dont care so long as the criminal is put away and can't kill law abiding citizens.
Incarceration makes no sense to me.
Thanks for clarifying what concurrent sentencing means. I guess I am against it then. I think that if the crime or crimes is heinous enough, then each offence should be individually recognized and dealt with independently, for justice for the victims and families of the victims did I get it right this time?
For lesser crimes (i.e. crimes of money!), depending on the impact the crime has made, I would probably vote for on an "per case" basis on how I would feel about concurrent sentencing. I generally believe penitentiaries are overflowing with people who have committed (or just been convicted with) petty crimes, such as theft of a loaf of bread. I think if someone keeps stealing a loaf of bread, give him/her some food stamps, not permanent incarceration.
@thriftymaid the fact that you would always plead the court concurrent sentencing for your client does not explain why there is such a thing in the first place. You are the lawyer so of course you will ask for the least. That is self interest, all lawyers want to win their cases. Please continue reading.
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I just want to add: Should Madoff not be in jai then?
@flo: Madoff should be in Afghanistan building schools for girls with a pickax and a wheelbarrow.
@gailcalled that makes good sense to me. How about the part about the mugging?
@gailcalled about the concurrent thing…. should the person who mugged 10 people get 10 times the amount of community service or not?
Did he mug them ad seriatum or in a bunch? One guy who can mug a mob deserves some credit for organizational skills. Maybe let him file books in a library.
@gailcalled I think you are just joking now?
@flo: I really think criminals who do not actually seriously harm or kill people should be doing heavy-duty community service. Why pay taxes for road repair or draining the sludge from the Hudson river?
I had my wallet almost wrenched from my hands once in a drug store crowded with staff and some elderly folks. Everyone watched as I kicked the teen-ager and saved my wallet. I would have had him wash my car (in an anonymous parking lot).
@thriftymaid you just left a link:( I clicked on the "Start a discussion" when I posted the question. I don't see an indication of it now when I look at the question btw. Your link is fine, but I put the question here to start a discussion. If you have already read it, would you impart your knowledge? It is not likely that I will be reading it. It is not just anyone who can read legal books, even if someone has the time, etc.
@gailcalled your answer is still not answering/addressing the question, right?
@Flo: True, but the querent raises the interesting question of making the punishment fit the crime.
@flo I'm sorry. I should have addressed the link to the one who asked where concurrent sentencing came from in the first place. The link provides some insight.
@thriftymaid thank you, it is only me who asked the question, you weren't wrong in addressing it to me. The question that is more important to me than "where did it come from?" is : If I mugged you and your 10 friends, using a gun just for fun, the judge should only give me whatever sentence he would give for mugging one person? Let's just imagine it is a place where the prisons are not overflowing.
So what does the link say, what is the insight it provides in your own words? I can only understand when things are put in very simple terms.
@flo If you will read what I wrote again you will see that I said that I do not like concurrent sentences for crimes to persons. I usually do think that concurrent sentencing is OK for three counts of some crimes, but not when the crime involved violence to a human.
Can a victim witness prosecuter ever have their affidavit & court records sealed because of personal information?
On O.J. Simpson's case, in which he was found guilty, of the 9 female jurors none were black. How many of the 12 jurors needed to be representative of his peers?


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Does my GPS Device need a Phone Connection?
Our 3rd generation GPS devices, the Mega XL and Mega C, support mapping. This article will go over how to download maps onto your GPS device.
You have two options for downloading a map to your device. If you're not near a computer and have a data connection on your phone, you can go through the app. The second option is going through the Lezyne GPS Root website. This can be faster, but it requires a USB connection to your computer.
Note: While there is a limit to the size map you can generate, you can load multiple maps to your device to cover as much area as needed. The only limitation is the space on the device that maps share with your recorded FIT files.
Download the Lezyne Ally v2 app for your phone.
Use the account you've already created on the Lezyne GPS Root site, or create an account if you haven't already.
Pair your GPS device with your Phone.
In the Android app, select the three dots in the upper right corner. In the iPhone app, select the small cog in the upper left corner.
Toggle Offline Routing Preferred to on.
Drag and zoom-in/zoom-out to designate the space you'd like to download.
Note: The time it takes to generate and download the map can increase exponentially depending on the size of the area and the density of the roads in the area. It may be easier to create several smaller maps and avoid unnecessary areas that you've no intention of riding.
Select Download. The app will generate your map file. This can take several minutes.
Once the app is done generating the file, you will see the map file appear in your list of maps. To the right, there will be an option to send the file to the GPS device. Select that. This transfer can take between 2 and 15 minutes depending on file size.
Once that transfer is complete, you will be able to see the map on the mapping screen on your device (as long as you're in the area and the device has a GPS signal).
Navigate to the Lezyne GPS Root site.
Use the account you've already created for your GPS Ally v2 app, or create an account if necessary.
The initial page you land on is the Dashboard. At the top of the page is the heading Device Features. Under that, select Offline Maps.
Once there, you'll see a red, translucent square over a Google Maps window designating your new map area. Clicking and dragging the red hand in the middle of the square moves the square around the map, or clicking outside of the square will re-center it on the spot you click.
Dragging the corners of the square around will change the shape and area that's selected.
Note: Because this will be transferred through a Micro USB cable, size of the file is less of a limitation.
Once you've selected your desired map, select Click to create offline map file. Again, the size of the area selected and the density of the roads in that area will affect the time it takes to generate your file.
Once it is done generating the file, a download button will appear under the Google Map window along with instructions. Select Download. This will download the map file to wherever you've designated your downloads to go on your computer.
Connect your Mega GPS to the computer.
Copy the map file from your computer folder to the Mega GPS device's folder called Maps.
Once that transfer is complete, you will be able to see the map on the mapping screen on your device (as long as you're within the area of the map and the device has a GPS signal).
hello, just ordered a mega xl after my garmin edge 1000 screen broke.
i understand that the xl does not have a base map and map sections need to be downloaded. the gps root website only allows a small section of the uk to be selected at a time. I want all the UK on the unit if possible.
1 can this be done?
2 if several 'map tiles' are needed, will they be selected automatically?
3 if not selected automatically, how do i change map tiles? can't see anything on how to do that.
1. No, this cannot be done. As I alluded to above, the file size "can increase exponentially depending on the size of the area and the density of the roads in the area. It may be easier to create several smaller maps and avoid unnecessary areas that you've no intention of riding." That is to say, dense areas like London would, by themselves, push the individual file size limits.
2. Yes, it will seamlessly switch from one to another. You won't have to do anything.
Is there a limit to the smaller maps i can put on the xl?
A few minutes ago, I went into a little detail over in this thread.
The Mega devices have 64mb of storage that maps and activities share. There's no limit to the number of maps you can upload, but depending on the size of the map files, you will run into a storage space limit at some point.
Is there some way to select/tag larger sections, for download though, concurrently?
I want to upload a section of the W. Coast, for a tour, and it looks like this amounts to 16 maps, for 300 miles of riding.
Granted, I have to "overselect", because the coast tends to vary, longitudinally, a lot, so rectangles don't do the best job of covering things.
Surely there's a better method, than doing this in 16 segments, for a 300mi ride (this is only part of it, I sort of gave up on the rest of the route, for now)?
Maybe there should be a way to "trace" roads, so you could get all the data in a given radius of a section of the road (really more of a "swath")?
This would largely eliminate the need for all the unnecessary roads that get "picked up", when trying to follow a long road(s), that curve a lot.
Hi Adam, having predefined maps, even if they cannot be very big, would really improve user experience I think.
But I am surprised the Mega's have only 64 mb of storage. Is that true, or is it a typo? A few gigs of storage costs hardly anything nowadays.
If you download through the website, you can select a vertical map that is long and skinny. I've covered hundreds of miles on the California coast with only 4 maps (all through the site).
You delete maps the same way you add maps from the website.
Adam, good useful posts here but I'd like to confirm one thing before I purchase the mega xl. I read in a review that you can only have 25 way points on a route. That seems to contradict what I've read in another of your posts. As I'm planning on using it for a tour of Vietnam the maps will be crucial as will the routes for 200km days. Is their a limit?
Routes built through our website are limited on the number of way points you can use. The app doesn't have a limit. Check out this article on creating or importing routes.
What I've seen on youtube you can have more points using mobile app. Anyway it is problematic if you can't do it via website. They should fix it. Let's wait for the answer here :).
Hi Adam, thanks for the reply. Like Dominic it would be better through the website. I have my routes already built and some are complex. Is it likely to be addressed soon?
Next thing to know. I'm really sorry but I don't like both your softwares in terms of creating routes - I already checked how it works without having Lezyne bike computer. I'd like to create routes on strava. There is an option on GPS root website to upload gpx file and then I can see it on Lezyn GPS Ally. The question is - If I have gpx file created on the other platform - like strava, garmin connect - Lezyne Mega GPS device read the file properly and "turn by turn" navigetion working fine ???
I saw your reply on the "skinny" maps, but I must just not be doing something right?
For example, I chose the skinniest possible map segment (will probably be using this next year on family bike tour anway), between Bodega Bay and SanFran. This came in at a "not so slim" 732K, which was obviously about the max, per-segment, and only covers a small (far less than 1/4) section of the coast.
How are you getting 4 maps for the Ca. coastline, I'm a bit befuddled? Is there a lower-density or similar setting, that I'm just missing?
I'm also a bit puzzled, I think I "hosed" a bunch of my maps, by renaming them and putting things like: "BodegaBay_to_SanFran_mf_41.70_-124.59_43.14_-123.87_144_72.lzm".
This is ultimately "actually identifiable, when you're managing the files, right? How else are you supposed to figure out the value: 41.70_-124.59_43.14_-123.87_144_72.lzm is corresponding to that segment (say if you have 20-30 downloaded maps)?
I suspect the answer, is to keep co-copies, of each, and remove the (added) prefix, before a sync?
Is there any chance this will get fixed, so adding the prefix to the ".lzm" files will work, regardless (I don't really see any downside to this?)?
I said "I've covered hundreds of miles on the California coast with only 4 maps." I didn't say that I got the entire California coast.
I'm backing up all of my maps on my desktop. Here's a screen capture of my folders.
I've currently got a lot of overlap in the Mendocino area because I was experimenting with covering the area needed for a specific race. Before I deleted my old ones and started over, I had San Francisco to Santa Barbara covered, which is what I would normally ride.
When you download a map from the website it specifically says, Do not rename the map file. Maybe try a system like mine to keep track?
Any chance you will be increasing the maximum area allowed for single map files? Just my regular riding area takes about 30 files and given the naming structure, it is a bit unwieldy to say the least. Even if you made "region" packages available, it would be a massive improvement.
I bit the bullet and bought a Mega XL and have tried it out at the weekend. I uploaded a TCX route and downloaded the base map. When it came to ride I expected a nice map with turn by turn directions. I had the TBT prompts but the map was just a breadcrumb, I don't believe this is correct?
Also so I have been unable to download any map for Vietnam, I have chosen some small areas but have still been unsuccessful, as I bought it for a tour of Vietnam this is crucial that it works.
The device has limitations on how big of a map it can process, and there's limitation on the amount of time spent generating a map file from the server here.
Corner to corner on a map from the site, without adjusting the shape, is about 140 miles as the crow flies. For instance, you can get all of the San Francisco Bay Area in one map - from Marin all the way to Watsonville. That's a full day's ride just to get across. 30 of those would be thousands of square miles.
I let R&D know about Vietnam. They should have that fixed in the coming days.
Breadcrumb to me usually means that it's leaving a trail of where you've been, which is a separate screen from the turn-by-turn screen or the map screen (that's three screens total). Are you on the correct screen?
Thanks, Adam, would it be correct for the turn-by-turn navigation that I have on screen the heading with upcoming turn and street name, speed and I think the 3rd was time? I'm comparing this to the wahoo where I have the map and then the turn by turn information comes on screen. Can I have the map on the screen with this information? Appreciate your support in the forum.
How can I see which maps are currently stored on my device? I would like to delete a few old ones, keep only relevant ones.
And what is the total amount of storage of the Maga XL? Is it indeed 64 mb, as I read in one of your posts? Or should that be 64 Gb? I mean, some of the maps are bigger than 64 mb, right?
Please see my comments above about keeping track of which map is which.
Yes, it's 64 mb as I previously stated, and no, none of the maps are even close to being 64 mb. My biggest one is 2,075 kb.
Thanks Adam, finally getting back around to this (bike tour over for the year, as well as other "more adventurous" rides, so the MegaXL is "away for a while").
I actually thought about using a multi-folder model, but really that's essentially creating a many-many relationship, that's tricky to "track", particularly if you accidentally download the wrong area to a folder.
Plus, it's sort of a hassle, to set-up, and more-so to change the folder structure, say if you want to "broaden" three sections that you already have.
Surely the app/MegaXL could just ignore the "leading prefix" (or really most other name data, right?), and simply import the LZM files, and use the header metadata to determine validity?
I love my new Lezyne Mega XL but find the zoom on the maps a little lacking... I seem to be able to get 3-4 zoom levels, but really need to be able to zoom out to see a bigger picture of the roads up ahead. It appears that the zoom out is only about 500m or so. Am I doing something wrong or missing something? Is a further zoom out coming down the pipe? The way I currently do it is by pushing and holding the lower left button when on the map screen.
We don't have plans to change how the devices zoom, but I'll pass your feedback along.
Hi Adam, i want to drive from Belgium to Praghue, i read this whole article but i don't know how i can put more than 1 map on the mega xl. At first i tried to rename the files, but than i read this could not be done. I don't want to take my pc with me to upload files to the gps on the way. Is there a way this can be done; putting more than 1 map on the gps? If you already explaned this i must have looked over it. (sorry for my bad english).
There's nothing special to do. You just go through the same process a second time with the area you're adding.


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Match officials announced for Americas Rugby Championship 2018
by ranMedia | Dec 19, 2017 | Events | 0 comments
For immediate release: 18 December
Issued on behalf of World Rugby
via World Rugby
World Rugby has announced the match official appointments for the Americas Rugby Championship 2018, which kicks off on 27 January.
Inaugurated in 2016, the Americas Rugby Championship has rapidly become one of the must-watch events, providing an annual feast of highly compelling international rugby.
As the premier competition for North and South America, it also provides a pivotal role in delivering a high-quality competition schedule for participating unions and important Rugby World Cup preparation. USA is the reigning champion following an exhilarating 2017 edition.
For match officials it is also an important stepping stone on the road to future Rugby World Cups and the selection features top referees from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Uruguay and USA.
View the appointments here >>
World Rugby High Performance 15s Match Official Manager Alain Rolland said: "The Americas Rugby Championship is an important arena to test the very best emerging international officiating talent across North and South America.
"This selection on merit following a robust review of performance, demonstrates that the unions are committed to developing international referees, who we hope to see officiating at the highest level, including future Rugby World Cups, in years to come."
The 2018 edition of the Americas Rugby Championship promises to be the best yet with Americas Rugby, Sudamerica Rugby, Rugby Americas North and World Rugby teaming-up to bring fans closer to the action throughout.
World Rugby Vice Chairman and Rugby Americas President Agustín Pichot said: "The Americas Rugby Championship is going from strength to strength. It is a high-quality, exciting and important competition for the Americas, combining with the Americas Pacific Challenge to deliver a platform that is paying dividends on the world stage for participating teams.
"These are important and exciting times for rugby in the Americas and in August we will be launching the second tier Americas Challenge, ensuring a strong, meaningful and competitive annual competition pathway for North and South American unions."
Further information about the Americas Rugby Championship can be found at https://www.worldrugby.org/tournament/1727?lang=en
RAN LOOKING TO RECOGNIZE POSITIVE ROLE MODELS, DIFFERENCE MAKERS IN OUR REGION
Well-attended Cayman Islands Girls Rugby camp a 'huge success'
MURRELL ON A MISSION: RUGBY BARBADOS' VP INSPIRING THE NEXT GENERATION
RAN creates Match Official Development Guide
RUGBY AMERICAS NORTH APPLAUDS EXPERIENCED MEMBERS NOMINATED TO WORLD RUGBY PANELS
Americas Rugby Challenge
Men's 15s
RAN Sevens
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