On an 1839 map of the town, the entrance on the left is marked as White (White's?) Lane1. I'm not sure why, but one possibility is that, at some stage, it led to Annebrook House2, the residence of Robert White who was listed under Gentry in Pigot's Directory of 1824. An 1855 map has 'Old Barrack Lane' marked here, and an estate map from 1895 (in the Local Studies section of the library in County Hall) names the area behind the Leinster Hotel as 'Barrack Lot'. Did this barracks house the Baronial Police or its successor, the Peace Preservation Force? [See entry for No. 13 Market Square]. Or was it the predecessor of Maryborough Military Barracks (the Garda Station today) which opened in 1808? Any information gratefully received.
In more recent times, the laneway led to County Tyrone native Daniel McAuliffe's coach-building workshop. (Note the original wheel-guards on either side of the carriage arch). He was clearly a man who tried to move with the times - his advertisement in 1916: Motor Cars painted and varnished. All work neatly and promptly executed - but the dominance of the motor car did put an end to the coachbuilding craft and McAuliffe's business eventually closed in the 1930's. In 1971, John McAuliffe, Daniel's grandson and son of Patrick and Ellen (née Furlong)3, returned from working in Canada. The following year, he established a light engineering firm here - Fire escapes to Order - and this continued into the early 1990's.
In 1850 James Kinsella was leasing this house from William Brophy. He was succeeded by Eliza Whelan, Michael Delaney, Denis Bergin (1881) and, from at least 1887, Daniel McAuliffe. In 1901, he was was living in part of this house with his wife Bridget and their three young children, John, Patrick and Mary. They kept two boarders, John and Patrick Holohan, both described as labourers. Ten years later, his sons were also listed as coachbuilders. For Daniel and Bridget, life was not immune to great sadness; in 1912, their daughter Mary died aged only 22, followed six years later by her brother John, aged 33.
The other portion of the premises was let to a succession of tenants; in the 1890's, William Clear, a butcher; and, in 1901, Johanna Clear, a grocer. (Her assistant was Elizabeth 'Lizzie' Fitzgerald who, as we've seen, later opened her own small shop beside Hume's). Next came Conroy's barber shop and, from 1946 to 1989, Nicholas 'Nixie' Croke's Betting Office (Best Market Prices Given). For a short time this was succeeded by a second-hand bookshop owned by John and Ann McAuliffe. In 1993, Marian Carton (who had her first optician's shop further up Main Street) bought the McAuliffe house, but not the yard. Her brother Paul, incidentally, is a fine uileann piper, well known in local sessions.
In 1850, the building that eventually housed Nu-Lyfe Dry Cleaners was leased by Peter Loughman from the above-mentioned William Brophy. He was succeeded, in the late 1870's, by William Walshe, a baker and father of Catherine, subsequent owner of the shop next door (see next page). According to one of my informants, this small building was subsumed into the larger one and used as a storeroom. Nu-Lyfe Dry Cleaners opened for business in 1968 and was succeeded by Clean Jean Dry Cleaners. The latter closed in 2012 and, since then, the premises have been vacant. In the 1980's, Airs and Graces Hair Studio (The Midlands' Most prestigious Unisex Hair Studio) occupied the second floor: in December 1980, it proudly announced the arrival of - brace yourself, Bridie - our new stylist from Dublin, Gerri St. John Keane.
1 From the way it's printed, it's hard to decide whether the Post Office marked on the same map stood where Ramsbottom's or Carton's is today.
2 The big white house, facing JFL Avenue, near Rankin's Wood today. In the mid-19th century, it was part of The Midland Retreat, a private and, it appears, progressive asylum run by Dr John Jacob. Annebrook was "for the reception of ladies"; Woodville (Meelick) for gentlemen. In later years, it was the home of Patrick Joseph Meehan (1877-1929) MP, and, in the 1950's and '60's, the Delahunty family. The Rankin family live there today.
3 After Patrick's death, Ellen - known locally as Lena - eventually remarried and became Mrs Denis Downey.


Summer is here, and the last thing I want to do is heat up my oven to make bread. This no-knead flatbread is dead simple and ready in a hurry; I've even made it for breakfasts when I was sick of the usual waffle and pancake routine. The basic bread is made with Hawayej, a Yemenite curry traditionally used in soup. Some serving suggestions and variations are below to get you started.
1. Sift the flour, salt, hawayej, and baking powder together into a large mixing bowl. Sprinkle evenly with the water and oil and stir everything together to form a soft dough that is well incorporated. If the dough is really wet and sticky, add a bit more flour. If it's crumbly and doesn't come together, add a bit more water. Do not knead or over mix or the bread will be tough instead of fluffy. Cover with a clean cloth or plastic wrap and let rest for 10-15 minutes.
2. Cover the bottom of a skillet with a thin layer of oil and heat over medium heat. On a floured surface cut the dough into 8 pieces and roll into balls, then roll them with a pin or hand pat into rough circles about 1/4″ thick. Fry for 2-3 minutes on each side or until browned, adding oil as needed (maintain a thin layer in the pan to help cook the breads evenly). Transfer cooked breads to a rack to drain and cool.
• Pictured: top with avocado, crispy fried egg, za'atar, peperoncino, parmigiano crumbles.
• Tear a couple breads into pieces and fry in olive oil and za'atar to start a fattoush salad. I like mine with watermelon and sherry vinegar in addition to the usual tomato, cucumber, and gem lettuce.
• From my brother Patrick (also pictured): Top with a salad of sliced cherry tomatoes and pitted cherries marinated in olive oil, rosewater, and lavender, with mint, cilantro, and feta.
• Substitute Mishmish N.33 for the hawayej and reduce salt to 1/2 tsp, top with strained yogurt or labneh, fresh fruit, and a drizzle of honey and/or pomegranate syrup.
• Substitute Coquelicot N.24 for the hawayej, top with smoked fish (trout or salmon), chopped scallions, capers, and a lemon creme fraiche.


FAO - News Article: Building a Business Case for the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems.
Building a Business Case for the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems.
How do we ensure that agricultural investment contributes to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition rather than jeopardizing it?
9 May 2016, Rome. How do we ensure that agricultural investment contributes to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition rather than jeopardizing it? The members of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) intensely negotiated for two years to address this particular question. Their answer came in October 2014: By adopting the Principles for Responsible Investment for Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI).
The voluntary CFS-RAI is the first international multi-stakeholder agreement that defines responsible investment in agriculture (including forestry and fisheries) and food systems. Now that the CFS-RAI has been adopted, all stakeholders are called upon to apply its ten principles.
On 9 May in FAO headquarters, the Partnerships, Advocacy and Capacity Development Division (OPC) organized a meeting with private sector representatives, to raise awareness, share knowledge, and begin to identify priority areas for the successful application of CFS-RAI.
The CFS-RAI arrived on the world stage at a timely moment. 'Investment is the major source of the estimated trillion dollar needed to finance development' and implement the Sustainable Development Goals, stated J.B. Cordaro representing the private sector membership of CFS.
Moreover, 'just as important as the quantity of these investments is the quality of these investments', highlighted Helena Semedo, FAO's Deputy Director General in her opening statement.
This is where the CFS-RAI Principles come into place, to provide guidance for more and better investment. They provide a framework to which inter alia national regulators, policymakers, parliamentarians, corporations, farmer or industry associations and civil society can refer to and adhere when dealing with investments.
'Investing responsibly is good for society but also for businesses', remarked Pascal Liu of FAO's Trade and Markets Division. Moreover, FAO research shows that 'investments that combine the strengths of the investor with local farmers are shown to have good chances of success', he added.
Investments that are not responsible have a high risk of failing due to negative media attention and community grievances. 'Imagine a local population that now has to walk miles around a newly purchased and fenced piece of land to gather their water and supplies' OPC Director Marcela Villarreal said.
However, this silver cloud also has a dark lining. Given that the CFS-RAI is new and the principles reach broadly and aim high, participants identified challenges in understanding how best to apply the CFS-RAI.
FAO aims to address these challenges, and one way to create more understanding is by sharing business cases which align with the spirit of the CFS-RAI.
For instance, Duxton Asset Management from Singapore annexed the CFS-RAI in the legal documentation of a financial investment in Sri Lanka. 'We think of the Principles as a belief system and we expect other parties to understand them', said John Young Simpson, Duxton's Vice President.
Carl Heinrich Bruhn, CEO of Amatheon Agri, a Berlin-based agribusiness and food processing company, showed his company's policy of sourcing responsibly from smallholder farmers and providing them with free trainings and facilitating access to finance.
Lastly, Makota Goda, CEO of Nippon Biodiesel Fuel from Japan, explained how his company shares technology with small farmers in Africa so they can access financial systems.
During the event, other private sector representatives shared their experiences and business cases about responsible investments. 'We believe that with this contribution we made the possibility of implementing these principles a reality', OPC Director Marcela Villarreal concluded.
The private sector workshop is part of a series of meetings where FAO engages with key stakeholders on CFS-RAI implementation. An event with Governments was held last December and an event with civil society is planned in July.
Based on the inputs received at these workshops, FAO is designing an "umbrella programme" to support all stakeholders with the application of the CFS-RAI.
'FAO aims to use its specialized knowledge, research and experience to provide support to each stakeholder for the implementation of the CFS-RAI Principles', thus said Helena Semedo, FAO's Deputy Director General.


text:
Q: Google Cloud Storage with PHP: Error ' (403) Access Not Configured' I'm making a simple request using the following code sample below.
It seems I'm not the only one getting this error, and I haven't been able to find any solutions. It seems self explanatory, but how is it solved?
This is the exact error I'm getting:

Error calling GET https://www.googleapis.com/storage/v1beta1/b/eggs: (403) Access Not Configured

And The Code:
require_once 'google/src/Google_Client.php';
require_once 'google/src/contrib/Google_StorageService.php';

define("CLIENT_ID", 'hidden');
define("SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME", 'hidden');
define("KEY_FILE", 'hidden.p12');

define("PROJECT_ID", hidden);

$client = new Google_Client();
$key = file_get_contents(KEY_FILE);

$client->setAssertionCredentials(new Google_AssertionCredentials(
                SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME,
                array('https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control'),
                $key)
);

$client->setClientId(CLIENT_ID);

$storageService = new Google_StorageService($client);
try
{
   $bucket = $storageService->buckets->get('hidden');

}
catch (exception $e)
{
    print $e->getMessage();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Friends of the Center
Meet our Mentees
Information about Multicultural Graduate Certificate
Application form for Graduate Certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication
Information about Multicultural Undergraduate Certificate
Application form for Undergraduate Certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication
Information about Undergraduate Minor in Hispanic Marketing
Application form for Minor in Hispanic Marketing Communication
Professional Certificate
Application for the Professional Certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication
The Legacy Marketing Campaign Competition
MMAS
How To Apply Video
Cómo Aplicar Video
Search in CCI:
CCI Schools & Centers
Welcome to the College of Communication & Information
College of Communication & Information
School of Information
School of Communication Science & Disorders
Centers of Distinction
Centers and Labs
Garnet & Gold Scholar Society
Center for Hispanic Marketing Communication
Multicultural Graduate Certificate Information
The 2010 U.S. Census documents that the three main minorities in the United States — Hispanic, African-American, and Asian — account for about 37% of the total U.S. population and that in many major metropolitan areas, they are now the majority. Estimates vary but at some point between 2030 and 2050, these minorities together will constitute the majority of the total U.S. population. Further, they account for almost three trillion dollars of buying power. Other groups, including Native Americans and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people, further enrich the cultural and economic landscape of the U.S. Their interests, however, have not been well taken into consideration in advertising and marketing plans. And, there is a current vacuum in the U.S. industry of professionals who understand how to address diverse markets, including basic areas of knowledge such as demographics, consumer insights and behavior, segmentation, cultural archetypes and media behaviors. The Certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication is designed to bridge the above-mentioned void by offering graduate students and professionals in industry the opportunity to learn about and work effectively with all these groups
Graduate students pursuing a certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication will:
Acquire the skills necessary to include multicultural marketing considerations in a marketing or advertising plan;
Apply cultural knowledge in formulating strategies directed to a multicultural population;
Conduct research geared to enhance their cultural skills for application to marketing, advertising, and diffusion of innovations;
Practice the principles of account planning in a multicultural context;
Apply multicultural marketing knowledge to their academic and/or professional lives.
Who is Eligible to Apply?
Any graduate students currently enrolled at The Florida State University may apply to this certificate program. It is also offered to anyone with a completed BA or BS anywhere in the world who would like to complete the certificate online. The courses in this certificate program can be used to fulfill part of the requirements for the Masters in Integrated Marketing Communication. Students not currently enrolled in a graduate degree program may apply as a "special" student. This certificate program is not open to undergraduate students, but interested undergraduates should consider our separate, parallel Undergraduate Certificate in Multicultural Marketing Communication.
Students who are not currently enrolled in a graduate degree or graduate certificate program at FSU must submit a transcript that verifies they graduated with a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university. Graduate students currently enrolled in another institution may submit either a current transcript or a letter from their academic director stating they are enrolled and in good standing.
NOTE: Degree-seeking graduate students and "special" status students in any college or school at FSU can apply directly to the director, as indicated above. Students at other institutions and non-degree earning professionals should apply through Academic and Professional Program Services (APPS). This Certificate is not intended as a diploma or degree.
Email: HispanicFSU@gmail.com
Degree: A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university.
Standardized Test Requirements: None.
This certificate program is composed of four (3 credit-hour) graduate level courses offered by the School of Communication that can be taken in the classroom or online. In addition, this certificate program requires the student write a Capstone Experience paper that applies the coursework to his or her academic or professional experience.
The following are required courses:
ADV 5415 Hispanic Marketing Communication — This course looks at the largest and fastest growing minority in the U.S. and examines appropriate ways to connect culturally. Offered Fall in the classroom and online in the Spring.
ADV 5605 Account Planning — Enables students to obtain cultural insights from consumers across different cultures and segments. Offered all semesters in the classroom and online during the Summer
ADV 5416 Multicultural Marketing Communication — Reviews cultural differences and similarities and provides the context for research projects to understand better the consumer communication and behavior of different groups. Offered Spring in the classroom and online in the Fall.
MMC 6469 Diffusion of lnnovations — This course is an examination of various theoretical and practical issues pertaining to communication's roles in the diffusion of innovations across cultures. Currently only available in the classroom during the Summer but will be available online soon.
A Capstone Experience paper will be required of all students. This paper will be a 15- to 20-page paper applying the knowledge acquired to their current academic or professional work. It should not be a summary of the coursework for the certificate but an application paper that emphasizes the utilization of the knowledge acquired. This paper will be graded as Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory while the student is taking the last course above and must be submitted two weeks before the end of that semester. The faculty member teaching that last course will grade the Capstone Experience paper.
The student must maintain a cumulative 3.0 (B) grade point average or higher in all graduate certificate courses attempted in order for the graduate certificate to be granted. This follows general graduate student grading policies at FSU.
The Certificate program must be completed within 3 years of its initiation.
Transfer and "Double Counted" Credits: The director or administrator of the program may allow the transfer or "double counting" of one course taken at another institution or taken for another purpose at FSU. That course must be deemed of relevant content and level at the discretion of the director. Under no circumstance will the student be allowed to transfer or "double count" more than one course.
NOTE: The deadline to apply for the Certificate is before the completion of the first course. Students MUST apply before starting their second course.
4100 University Center, Building C
3100 University Center,
The College is comprised of the School of Communication, the School of Communication Science & Disorders and the School of Information.
For the past several years, our programs have been ranked consistently in the top 25 in the nation by U.S. News and World Report. Learn more >>
Report Errors | Privacy Policy
© 2015 Florida State University.
College of Communication & Information at Florida State University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Проверка на уникальность, в которой False != 0 Требуется проверить JSON на уникальность. Условия проверки предполагают, что коллекция [false, 0] уникальна, то есть логический тип не равен числу.
Как сделать такую проверку на Python, если в нём логический тип является подклассом int и равен числам 1/0?
Примеры уникальных коллекций:
[1, True]
[[1], [True]]
[[[1], "foo"], [[True], "foo"]]
[{"foo": {"bar": [1]}}, {"foo": {"bar": [True]}})]

Прямое сравнение возвращает True:
{"foo": {"bar": [1]}} == {"foo": {"bar": [True]}})  # True

Уточню, что меня в основном интересует алгоритм разворачивания, который можно применить к последним конструкциям. Функция для сравнения 1 с True есть.
Я думаю, что задачу можно свести к BFS, но всё осложняется тем, что JSON одновременно содержит и словари, и списки. Хотелось бы найти универсальный и, желательно, нерекурсивный алгоритм обхода.

A: a = 0
b = False
print(a == b) # True
print(a == b and type(a) == type(b)) # False

Можно значения и типы сравнивать одновременно
def isUnique(a) -> bool:
    items = set([])

    for item in a:
        items.add(str([item]))

    return items.__len__() == a.__len__()

print(isUnique([1, True])) #True
print(isUnique([[1], [True]])) #True
print(isUnique([[[1], "foo"], [[True], "foo"]])) #True
print(isUnique([1,1])) # False
print(isUnique([[[True], "foo"], [["True"], "foo"]])) # True
print(isUnique([[[True], "foo"], [[True], "foo"]])) #False

A: Реализовал это следующим образом:
def unbool(element, true=object(), false=object()):
    """
    A hack to make True and 1 and False and 0 unique for ``uniq``.
    """

    if element is True:
        return true
    elif element is False:
        return false
    return element

def unbool_nested(element):
    """
    Iterative implementation of breadth-first search for nested unbooling
    """

    if not isinstance(element, (list, dict)):
        return unbool(element)

    result = [] if isinstance(element, list) else {}
    stack = [(element, result)]
    while stack:
        element, new = stack.pop()
        items = enumerate(element) if isinstance(element, list) else element.items()
        for key, item in items:
            if not isinstance(item, (list, dict)):
                x = unbool(item)
            else:
                sub = [] if isinstance(item, list) else {}
                x = sub
                stack.append((item, sub))

            if isinstance(new, list):
                new.append(x)
            else:
                new[key] = x
    return result

def uniq(container):
    """
    Check if all of a container's elements are unique.

    Successively tries first to rely that the elements are hashable. If not, it goes to brute force.
    """

    try:
        return len(set(unbool(i) for i in container)) == len(container)
    except TypeError:
        seen = []
        for element in container:
            element = unbool_nested(element)
            if element in seen:
                return False
            seen.append(element)
    return True


If you have a business, you surely know that finding ways to grow and reap more success is the main goal, but often this isn't achieved so easily -and most of the time this is because you don't have the right team of work. Precisely, today we will talk about the professional figure that is responsible for ensuring the growth of your company.
This is the "growth hacker", and although its name may be confusing, it is not really related at all to the fact of generating problems in terms of legal aspects or things like that. On the contrary, it is a person who has all the technical knowledge and skills necessary to execute a successful marketing plan, always focused on the growth of the user base of a product or company.
This person is always in constant search of ideas and tactics to achieve greater growth and prosperity for a business. And being in charge of attracting a significant number of consumers or assuring the business an important growth, something that characterizes these professionals is precisely the curiosity, creativity and capacity to innovate. So they study and analyze the behavior of consumers and the market, to then devise innovative ways to solve the problems that may exist. It's about listening to customers and offer them what they really want to get from you; as well as making them feel they're a important part of the company- in that way their purchases will be not sporadic but regular. As a result you get a satisfied clientele, engaged with your brand.
In addition, it is often good to have a vision of someone outside the company to help you see things more objectively and tell you where you can risk or not. And even if it gives you a bit of insecurity or fear to bet on different things and different ways of working, you should bear in mind that sometimes it is necessary to give a spin to ideas to get better results. Since without innovation and without the willingness to take into account new ideas you will not be able to advance too much in this world that seems to love so much the changes. So do not limit yourself to only what you know because it can be your own brake!
In short, growth hacking is an excellent option if you want to go further with your business and not stay stuck.
For this reason, many companies sometimes require much more than a person specialized in marketing and that is when the need to have a specialized team becomes evident; In fact, many of the important companies such as Facebook or Twitter have a work team that is exclusively responsible for growth hacking. But obviously it is not necessary that the company is too big to be able to contract this type of services. On the contrary, when a business is starting is just the right time to seek to include this type of staff in their payroll.


Description: IC 6262 assists a westbound CN into the US, from Canada. Winter 2005.
Description: CN Southbound Intermodal Train at Wyatt, Ms.
Description: CN/IC Southbound Intermodal Train Q194 ( Chicago, Illinois to New Orleans, La. ) passing over a nice trestle in Wyatt, Ms.
Description: There is a CN (ex-IC) line that runs from Council Bluffs up through Logan and on to Fort Dodge IA. Per my information there is ususally 1-2 trains a day, mostly at night. Most of the trains I've seen on this track have been UP trains diverted during track work. Today however I've actually caught the CN train moving NE through Logan! This train wasn't very long.
Description: Two CN units head north on The AA north of Alexis.
Title: CN 434, what a consist!!!
Title: CN 5603 Heads east on this nice 7 degree day.


text:
Q: Strange behaviour when rendering vtiger text fields with markdown: Wrong indent of item lists I experienced a very strange behaviour: I wrote a custom function for PDF-Maker that sends the text of a custom field through Markdown (I used Parsedown). (The idea is that we can easily do some simple formatting in text fields in vtiger where we don't have any advanced editor.)
I have the following list in the text field:
* a
* b
* c

The output of Parsedown causes all items from the second line on to be rendered as a nested list:

a

b

c

*

*a

*

*b

*c

Of course, if I paste the text direktly to parsedown, it gets rendered correctly:

a

b

c

What happens here? Any hint ...?

A: After hours of trying different things I noticed that the text that is passed to the custom function has an additional space character at the beginning of each line from the second line on ... the text that parsedown receives is in fact:
* a
 * b
 * c

So I added
$text = preg_replace("/^\s/m", "", $text);

and everything works fine ......


text:
Home Legal Matters Google AdWords
Data Protection - Google AdWords
Data protection provisions about the application and use of Google AdWords
On this website, the controller has integrated Google AdWords. Google AdWords is a service for internet advertising that allows the advertiser to place ads in Google search engine results and the Google advertising network. Google AdWords allows an advertiser to pre-define specific keywords by which an ad on Google's search results is only displayed when the user utilizes the search engine to retrieve a keyword-relevant search result. In the Google Advertising Network, the ads are distributed on relevant web pages using an automatic algorithm, taking into account the previously defined keywords.
The operating company of Google AdWords is Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351, United States.
The purpose of Google AdWords is the promotion of our website through the inclusion of relevant advertising on the websites of third parties and in the search engine results of the Google search engine, as well as an insertion of third-party advertising on our website.
If a data subject reaches our website via a Google ad, Google files a conversion cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. The definition of cookies is explained above. A conversion cookie loses its validity after 30 days and is not used to identify the data subject. If the cookie has not expired, the conversion cookie is used to check whether certain sub-pages, e.g. the shopping cart from an online shop system, were opened on our website. Through the conversion cookie, both Google and the controller can understand whether a person who reached our website via an AdWords ad generated sales, i.e. executed or canceled a sale of goods.
The data and information collected through the use of the conversion cookie is used by Google to create visitor statistics for our website. These visitor statistics are used in order to determine the total number of users who have been forwarded to our website by AdWords ads, in order to ascertain the success or failure of each AdWords ad and to optimize our AdWords ads in the future. Neither our company nor other Google AdWords advertisers receive information from Google that could identify the data subject.
The conversion cookie stores personal information, e.g. the web pages visited by the data subject. Each time web pages are visited, personal data, including the IP address of the internet access used by the data subject, is transmitted to Google in the United States of America. The personal data collected via this technical procedure is stored by Google in the United States of America. Google may pass this personal data to third parties.
The data subject may, at any time, prevent the setting of cookies by our website, as stated above, by means of a corresponding setting of the internet browser, and thus permanently deny the setting of cookies. Such a setting of the internet browser would also prevent Google from placing a conversion cookie on the information technology system of the data subject. In addition, a cookie set by Google AdWords may be deleted at any time via the internet browser or other software programs.
The data subject has a possibility of objecting to the interest-based advertisement of Google. Therefore, the data subject must use the link https://adssettings.google.com/authenticated with each of the browsers they use and select the desired settings.
Further information and the applicable privacy policy of Google can be found at https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/.


Heskins have added to their glow in the dark anti slip range with glow in the dark anti slip stair nosing. Glow in the dark stair nosing provides guidance during lights out conditions. Read more in this blog post.
The BS5609 marine immersion test is an important pass for our anti slip tapes. Read about the BS5609 marine immersion test procedure in this blog post.
Our Safety Grip is now R118 certified. After putting our Safety Grip material through the testing phase we can now say it's R118 compliant. Read the blog post for more information.


The Met Office needed a way to increase the number of people downloading its new mobile weather app and subscribing to critical weather updates. This would help ensure more people stay one step ahead of the weather.
Download this success story to learn how the Met Office used Granicus' GovDelivery Communications Suite coupled with Digital Engagement Services to make people aware of the new app, increase downloads, and increase the number of people subscribing to email updates.
By collaborating with Granicus for this campaign, the Met Office smashed its target of 5,000 downloads by 120%, prompting 11,000 people to download the app. They also drastically increased their subscribers by implementing website overlays and using the Network.
themselves and their loved ones safe.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}

The existence of deconfined quark matter in the dense interior of a neutron star is an interesting question that has spurred research in several new directions in nuclear astrophysics. On the theoretical side, it has been realized~\cite{Alford:1998mk,Bailin,Rapp:1997zu} that cold and dense
quark matter must be in a superfluid state with many possible
intervening phases~\cite{Steiner:2002gx,Schmitt:2004hg,Shovkovy:2004um,Sharma:2006ig,Neumann:2002jm} between a few times nuclear matter density to
asymptotically high density, where quarks and gluon interact weakly.
The observational impact of these phases
on neutron star properties can be varied and dramatic~\cite{Alc,Page:2002bj,Glendenning:1997fy,Jaikumar:2002vg,Reddy:2002xc,Jaikumar:2008kh}.
Therefore, it is of interest to situate theoretical ideas and advances
in our understanding of dense quark matter in the context of neutron
stars, which serve as unique astrophysical laboratories for
such efforts.

\vskip 0.2cm

The phenomenon of color superconductivity in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
at large quark chemical potential $\mu$ is interesting for several reasons.
Weakly attractive gluonic forces drive a BCS instability~\cite{Bardeen}
which results in the formation of Cooper pairs of quarks, breaking
several global symmetries spontaneously and resulting in the appearance
of (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone modes~\cite{Alford:1998mk,Rapp:1997zu}.
Quarks and gluons can
acquire an energy gap whose magnitude depends on the baryon density,
pairing channel, quark masses, flavor of participating quarks, neutrality
constraints etc (see~\cite{Alford:2007xm} for a recent comprehensive review).
New massless modes arise in this phase, such as the
superfluid phonon (corresponding to gentle fluctuations of the baryon number)
and a rotated photon (a linear combination of the vacuum $U(1)_{\rm em}$
photon and gluonic hypercharge).
The collective response of such modes to external perturbations determines the
transport properties of the diquark phase, with many phenomenological
consequences for neutron stars.

\vskip 0.2cm

At asymptotically high density $\mu\gg \Lambda_{\rm QCD}$ and for number of flavors $N_f$=3,
the preferred pairing pattern is a flavor and color-democratic one termed the
color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase~\cite{Alford:1998mk}. This idealized phase, while it displays the essentially novel features of the color superconducting state,
is unlikely to apply to the bulk of neutron star matter, since even ten times
nuclear matter saturation density ($\rho_0$) only corresponds to a quark chemical potential $\mu\sim 500$ MeV$\gg\hskip -0.4cm/~\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$ (assuming 3 massless flavors). At these densities, quark mass effects can be important,
and as pointed out in~\cite{Huang:2001yw}, must be treated non-perturbatively. It is reasonable to think that the strange quark current mass, being much larger than that of the up and down quarks, inhibits pairing of strange quarks with light quarks. For the purpose of this work, we will therefore adopt the scenario of quark matter in the two-flavor superconducting phase, which breaks the color $SU(3)$ symmetry to color $SU(2)$, leaving light quarks of one color (say ``3'') and all colors of the strange quark unpaired. Although this phase appears to be disfavored in compact stars~\cite{Alford:2002kj, Aguilera:2004ag}, we adopt it here to highlight the competition between the chiral and diquark condensates in the most straightforward way, without the additional complications of compact star constraints. Also, our results will be qualitatively true for the 2SC+s phase~\cite{Steiner:2002gx,Mishra:2004gw}, which can be studied similarly by simply embedding the strange quark, which is inert with respect to pairing, in the enlarged 3-flavor space.

\vskip 0.2cm

Our objective in this letter is a numerical study of the competition between chiral and diquark condensates at moderately large $\mu$ and large magnetic field using the NJL model, similar in some respects to previous works~\cite{Huang:2001yw,Schwarz:1999dj,Mishra:2004gw,Mishra:2003nr}, which treat the quark mass non-perturbatively. Instanton-based calculations and random-matrix methods have also been employed in studying the interplay of condensates~\cite{Berges:1998rc,Carter:1999xb,Vanderheyden:1999xp}. In essence, smearing of the Fermi surface by diquark pairing can affect the onset of chiral symmetry restoration, which happens at $\mu\sim M_q$,
where $M_q$ is the constituent quark mass scale~\cite{Chen:2008zr}. Since $M_q$ appears also in the (Nambu-Gorkov) quark propagators in the gap equations, a coupled analysis of chiral and diquark condensates is required. This was done for the 2-flavor case with a common chemical potential in~\cite{Huang:2001yw}, but for zero magnetic field. We use a self-consistent approach to calculating the condensates from the coupled gap equations, and find small quantitative (but not qualitative) differences from the results of Huang et al~\cite{Huang:2001yw} for zero magnetic field. This small difference is most likely attributed to a difference in numerical procedures in solving the gap equations. We also address the physics of chiral and diquark condensates affected by large in-medium magnetic fields that are generated by circulating currents in the core of a neutron or hybrid star. Magnetic fields as large as $10^{15}$G are expected on the surface of magnetars and their interior field may be as large as $10^{18}$G, pushing the limits of structural stability of the star~\cite{Bocquet:1995je,Broderick:2001qw}. There is no Meissner effect for the rotated photon, which has only a small gluonic component, therefore, magnetic flux is hardly screened~\cite{Alford:1999pb}, implying that studies of magnetic effects in color superconductivity are highly relevant~\cite{Ferrer:2005pu,Ferrer:2006vw}. Including the magnetic interaction of the quarks with the external field leads to qualitatively different features in the competition between the two condensates, and this is the main result of our work.

\vskip 0.2cm

In Section \ref{sec_lag}, we state the model NJL Lagrangian and recast the partition function in terms of interpolating bosonic variables. In Section \ref{sec_gap}, we obtain the gap equations for the chiral and diquark order parameters by minimizing the thermodynamic potential (we work at zero temperature throughout since $T_{\rm star}\ll \mu$). In Section \ref{nu_ana}, we discuss our numerical results for the coupled evolution of the condensates as a function of a single ratio of couplings, chemical potential and magnetic field before concluding in Section \ref{sec_conc}.

\section{Lagrangian and Thermodynamics}
\label{sec_lag}

We employ a Lagrangian density for two quark flavors ($N_f$=2) applicable to the scalar-isoscalar and the pseudoscalar mesons and scalar diquarks

\begin{eqnarray}
&~&~~~~~~~~{\cal L}_{NJL}={\cal L}_{kin}+{\cal L}_{\bar{q}q}+{\cal L}_{qq}\,;~~\quad {\cal L}_{kin}=\bar{q}(i\hskip -0.1cm\not\!\partial+\mu\gamma^{0}-\hat{m})q\,,\nonumber\\
&~&{\cal L}_{\bar{q}q}=G_{S}[(\bar{q}q)^2+(\bar{q}i\gamma_{5}\vec{\tau}q)^2]\,,~~\quad
{\cal L}_{qq}=G_{D}(\bar{q}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q^C)(\bar{q}^{C}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q)\,,
\eeqy

where $q=(u,d)$, $\mu$ is the common quark chemical potential\footnote{Our assumption of a common chemical potential is for simplicity; in an actual neutron star containing some fraction of neutral 2SC or 2SC+s quark matter in beta-equilibrium, additional chemical potentials for electric charge and color hypercharges must be introduced in the NJL model. Furthermore there can be more than one diquark condensate and in general $M_u\neq M_d\neq M_s$~\cite{Mishra:2004gw}.}, $\hat{m}={\rm diag}(m_{u},m_{d})$ is the current quark mass matrix in the flavor basis, $\vec{\tau}=(\tau^1,\tau^2,\tau^3)$ are the Pauli matrices in flavor space, $(\epsilon_f)_{ij}$ and $(\epsilon_c)^{\alpha\beta 3}$ are antisymmetric matrices for flavor and color, while $\bar{q}^C=-q^TC$ and $q^C=C\bar{q}^T$ with charge-conjugation matrix $C=-i\gamma^0\gamma^2$. We take $m_{u}=m_{d}=m_{0}\neq 0$. As the diquark coupling $G_D$ and scalar coupling $G_S$ depend on the form of the underlying interaction and are not universal, we fix $G_S$ empirically and vary $G_D/G_S$ as a parameter, within phenomenological bounds~\cite{Berges:1998rc}. Introducing the bosonic fields $\sigma: (\bar{q}q), ~\vec{\pi}: (\bar{q}i\gamma_5\vec{\tau}q), ~\Delta: (\bar{q}^{C}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q), ~{\rm and}~\Delta^{*}:(\bar{q}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q^C)$, the bosonized Lagrangian becomes

\beq
{\cal L}_{b}=\bar{q}(i\hskip -0.1cm\not\!\partial+\mu\gamma^0-\hat{m})q-\bar{q}(\sigma+i\gamma_5\vec{\pi}\cdot\vec{\tau})q-\frac{1}{2}\Delta^{*}(\bar{q}^{C}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q)-\frac{1}{2}(\bar{q}i\gamma_{5}\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}q^C)\Delta-\frac{\sigma^2+
\vec{\pi}^2}{4G_s}-\frac{\Delta^{*}\Delta}{4G_D}\,.
\end{equation}

Chiral symmetry breaking and color superconductivity in the 2SC phase is manifest by non-vanishing VEVs for $\sigma$ and $\Delta$ (we do not include the possibility of pion condensation~\cite{Andersen:2007qv}). The partition function in the presence of an external magnetic field $B$ is given by

\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{Z}&=&N\int[d\bar{q}][dq]\textrm{exp}\Bigl\lbrace\int_{0}^{\beta}d\tau\int d^{3}\vec{x}(\mathcal{L}_{b}+\mathcal{L}_{em})\Bigr\rbrace~~~{\rm where}~~~\mathcal{L}_{em}=\frac{1}{2}\tilde{e}\tilde{Q}(\bar{q}\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em{A}q-\bar{q}^{C}\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em{A}q^{C})-\frac{B^{2}}{8\pi}\,,
\eeqy

which can be rewritten in terms of the bosonized version as

\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{Z}&=&\mathcal{Z}_{c}\mathcal{Z}_{1,2}\mathcal{Z}_{3}~~~{\rm where}~~~\mathcal{Z}_{c}=N~{\rm exp}\left\{-\int_0^{\beta}d\tau\int d^3x\left[\frac{\sigma^2}{4G_s}+\frac{\Delta^{2}}{4G_D}+\frac{B^{2}}{8\pi}\right]\right\}\,,\\\nonumber
\mathcal{Z}_{1,2}&=&\int[d\bar{Q}][dQ]{\rm exp}\left\{\int_0^{\beta}d\tau\int d^3x\left[\frac{1}{2}{\cal L}_{\rm kin}(Q,Q^{c})+\frac{1}{2}\tilde{e}\tilde{Q}(\bar{Q}\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em {A}Q-\bar{Q}^c\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em {A}Q^c)+\frac{1}{2}\bar{Q}\Delta^-Q^c+\frac{1}{2}\bar{Q}^c\Delta^+Q
\right]\right\}\,,\\ \nonumber
\mathcal{Z}_{3}&=&\int[d\bar{q}_3][dq_3]{\rm exp}\left\{\int_0^{\beta}d\tau\int d^3x\left[\frac{1}{2}{\cal L}_{\rm kin}(q_{3},q_{3}^{c})+\frac{1}{2}\tilde{e}\tilde{Q}(\bar{q}_3\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em{A}q_3-\bar{q}_3^c \kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em{A}q_3^c)\right]\right\}\,.\\ \nonumber
\eeqy

The bosonized part $\mathcal{Z}_{c}$ serves as a constant multiplicative factor. The subscripts ``$1,2$'' refer to quarks of color 1 and 2 with $Q=q_{1,2}$ and $``3"$ to quarks of color 3. The kinetic operators in $\mathcal{L}_{kin}(q,q^{c})$ now read $(i\hskip -0.1cm\not\!\partial+\mu\gamma^0-M)$ where $M=m_0+\sigma$. Also, $\beta=1/T$, and we have used the notation $\Delta^-(/\Delta^+)=-i\gamma_5\epsilon_{f}\epsilon_{c}\Delta(/\Delta^*)$. Since the condensate of $u$ and $d$ quarks carries a net charge, there is a Meissner effect for ordinary magnetism, while photon-gluon mixing leads to a massless photon. In flavor$\otimes$color space in units of $\tilde{e}=\sqrt{3}ge/\sqrt{3g^2+e^2}$ the rotated charge matrix is given by $\tilde{Q}=Q\otimes I-I\otimes T^8/2\sqrt{3}$ ($T^3$ plays no role; the degeneracy of colors 1 and 2 ensures that there is no long-range gluon-3 field). In our case, this translates to $\tilde{Q}$ charges $u_{1,2}=1/2, d_{1,2}=-1/2, u_3=1, d_3=0$. With inert $s$-quarks, we also have $s_{1,2}=-1/2, s_3=0$. The gapped 2SC phase is $\tilde{Q}$-neutral, while overall charge neutrality of the matter requires a neutralizing background of strange quarks and/or electrons. In this article, we take the strange quark mass very large so that they do not play any dynamical role. We will limit ourselves to a discussion of the competition between condensates in a large magnetic field and not impose the charge neutrality and beta-equilibrium condition, which is known to stress the pairing and lead to gluon condensation and a strong gluo-magnetic field~\cite{Ferrer:2006ie}.

\vskip 0.2cm

Evaluation of the partition function and the thermodynamic potential $\Omega=-T{\rm ln}Z/V$ is facilitated by introducing 8-component Nambu-Gorkov spinors for each color and flavor of quark, leading to

\begin{eqnarray}
&~&~{\rm ln}Z_{1,2}=\frac{1}{2}{\rm ln}\lbrace{\rm Det}(\beta G^{-1})\rbrace ;\quad  {\rm ln}Z_{3}=\frac{1}{2}{\rm ln}\lbrace{\rm Det}(\beta G_0^{-1})\rbrace\,;\\ \nonumber
G^{-1}&=&\bordermatrix{
&  & \cr
&[G_{0,\tilde{Q}}^+]^{-1} & \Delta^- \cr
&\Delta^+ & [G_{0,-\tilde{Q}}^-]^{-1} \cr}
\,,\quad G_0^{-1}=\bordermatrix{
&  & \cr
& [G_{0,\tilde{Q}}^+]^{-1} & 0\cr
&0 & [G_{0,-\tilde{Q}}^-]^{-1}\cr}\,,
\eeqy

where $[G_{0,\tilde{Q}}^{\pm}]^{-1}=(\hskip -0.1cm\not\!\partial\pm\mu\gamma^0+\tilde{e}\tilde{Q}\kern+0.30em /\kern-0.70em A-M)$. The determinant computation is simplified by re-expressing the $\tilde{Q}$-charges in terms of charge projectors in the color-flavor basis, following techniques applied for the CFL phase~\cite{Noronha:2007wg}. With the color-flavor structure unraveled, we can simplify the determinant computation further by introducing energy projectors~\cite{Huang:2001yw} and moving to momentum space using Fourier transformation, whereby we find

\begin{eqnarray}
{\rm ln}Z_{1,2}&=&{\rm Tr}_{c,f}\sum_{a}\sum_{p_0, {\bf p}}[{\rm ln}(\beta^2(p_0^2-(E_{\Delta,a}^+)^2)\beta^2(p_0^2-(E_{\Delta,a}^-)^2))]\,,\nonumber\\
{\rm ln}Z_3&=&{\rm Tr}_{f}\sum_{a}\sum_{p_0, {\bf p}}[{\rm ln}(\beta^2(p_0^2-(E_{p,a}^+)^2)\beta^2(p_0^2-(E_{p,a}^-)^2))]
\eeqy
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{\Delta,a}^{\pm}=\sqrt{(E_{p,a}^{\pm})^2+\Delta^2}\,,\quad E_{p,a}^{\pm}=E_{p,a}\pm\mu\,,\quad E_{p,a}=\sqrt{p_z^2+{\bf p}_{\perp,a}^2+M^2}\,,\,\,
 {\bf p}_{\perp,0}^2=p_x^2+p_y^2, \,\,{\rm else}\,\,{\bf p}_{\perp,\pm a}^2=2|a|\tilde{e}Bn\,.
\eeqy

The sum over $p_0=i\omega_k$ denotes the discrete sum over the Matsubara frequencies, $n$ labels the Landau levels in the magnetic field which is taken in the $\hat{z}$ direction and $a$=0,$\pm 1/2$ are the possible $\tilde{Q}$ charges of the quarks.

\section{Gap Equations and Solution}
\label{sec_gap}

Using the following identity we can perform the discrete summation over the Matsubara frequencies
\begin{eqnarray}
\sum_{p_0}{\rm ln}[\beta^2(p_0^2-E^2)]=\beta[E+2T{\rm ln}(1+e^{-\beta E})\equiv\beta f(E)\,.
\end{eqnarray}

Then go over to the 3-momentum continuum using the following replacement

\begin{eqnarray}
\sum_{\bf p}\rightarrow{\rm V}\int\frac{d^3{\bf p}}{{(2\pi)}^3}~~{\rm where}~~{\textrm {V is the thermal volume of the system.}}
\end{eqnarray}

Finally, the zero-field thermodynamic potential can be expressed as

\begin{eqnarray}
\Omega_{B=0}=\frac{\sigma^{2}}{4G_{S}}+\frac{\Delta^{2}}{4G_{D}}-2\int_0^{\infty}\frac{d^3{\bf p}}{{(2\pi)}^3}[f(E_{p}^{+})+f(E_{p}^{-})+2f(E_{\Delta}^{+})+2f(E_{\Delta}^{+})]\,.
\end{eqnarray}

In presence of a quantizing magnetic field, discrete Landau levels suggest the following replacement

\begin{eqnarray}
\int_0^{\infty}\frac{d^3{\bf p}}{{(2\pi)}^3}\rightarrow\frac{|a|\tilde{e}B}{8\pi^{2}}\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}\int_{-\infty}^
{\infty}dp_{z}~~{\rm where}~~\alpha_{n}=2-\delta_{n0}\,,
\end{eqnarray}

where $\alpha_n$ is the degeneracy factor of the Landau levels (all levels are doubly degenerate except the zeroth level). The thermodynamic potential in presence of a magnetic field is given by

\begin{eqnarray}
\Omega_{B\neq 0}=\frac{\sigma^{2}}{4G_{S}}+\frac{\Delta^{2}}{4G_{D}}&-&\int_0^{\infty}\frac{d^3{\bf p}}{{(2\pi)}^3}[f(E_{p}^{+})+f(E_{p}^{-})]\nonumber\\
&-&\frac{\tilde{e}B}{8\pi^{2}}\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\alpha_{n}\int_{-\infty}^
{\infty}dp_{z}[f(E_{p,1}^{+})+f(E_{p,1}^{-})+2f(E_{\Delta,\frac{1}{2}}^{+})+2f(E_{\Delta,\frac{1}{2}}^{-})]
\end{eqnarray}

In either case, we can now solve the gap equations obtained by minimizing the (zero-temperature) thermodynamic potential $\Omega$.

\begin{eqnarray}
{\textrm {Chiral gap equation}}:\frac{\partial\Omega}{\partial M}=0\,,\quad {\textrm {Diquark gap equation}}:
\frac{\partial\Omega}{\partial\Delta}=0
\end{eqnarray}

Since the above equations involve integrals that diverge in the ultra-violet region, we must regularize in order to obtain physically meaningful results. We choose to regulate these functions using a sharp cut-off (step function in $|{\bf p}|$), which is common in effective theories such as the NJL model~\cite{Schwarz:1999dj,Buballa:2001gj}, although one may also employ a smooth regulator~\cite{Alford:1998mk,Berges:1998rc, Noronha:2007wg} without changing the results qualitatively for fields that are not too large~\footnote{For example, a smooth cutoff was employed in~\cite{Noronha:2007wg} to demonstrate the De-Haas Van Alfen oscillations in the gap parameter at very large $B$.}. It should be noted that all free parameters of the system, viz., the bare quark mass, momentum cut-off and quark-antiquark coupling constant, are chosen at $B=0$ fitting the pion mass, pion decay constant and constituent quark mass in the vacuum. Our choice of cutoff implies

\begin{eqnarray}
\int_0^{\Lambda}\frac{d^3{\bf p}}{{(2\pi)}^3}\rightarrow\frac{|a|\tilde{e}B}{8\pi^{2}}\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{n_{max}}\alpha_{n}\int_{-\Lambda^{'}}^
{\Lambda^{'}}dp_{z}~~{\rm where}~~n_{max}={\rm Int}\Bigr[\frac{\Lambda^2}{2|a|\tilde{e}B}\Bigl];~~\Lambda^{'}=\sqrt{\Lambda^{2}-2|a|\tilde{e}Bn}\,.
\end{eqnarray}

From the fact that $p_{z}^{2}\geq 0$, we can calculate the maximum number of completely occupied Landau levels $n_{max}$. For magnetic field B$\lesssim 10^{18}$GeV$^2$, $n_{max}$ is of the order of 50 and the discrete summation over Landau levels becomes almost continuous. In that case, we recover the results of the zero magnetic field case, described in the next section. For fixed values of the free parameters, we were able to solve the chiral and diquark gap equations self-consistently, for $B=0$ as well as $B$ large. Before discussing our numerical results, we note the origin of the interdependence of the condensates. The chiral gap equation contains only $G_{S}$ which is determined by vacuum physics, but also depends indirectly on $G_D/G_S$ (a free parameter) through $\Delta$, which is itself dependent on the constituent $M=m_0+\sigma$. Our numerical results can be understood as a consequence of this coupling and the fact that a large magnetic field stresses the $\bar{q}q$ pair (same $\tilde{Q}$ charge, opposite spins implies anti-aligned magnetic moments) while strengthening the $qq$ pair (opposite $\tilde{Q}$ charge and opposite spins implies aligned magnetic moments).

\section{Numerical analysis}
\label{nu_ana}

We first fix the NJL model's free parameters; the bare mass $m_u$=$m_d$=5.5 MeV, three-momentum cut-off $\Lambda$=$0.64$ GeV and $G_S$=$5.32~{\rm GeV}^{-2}$. These values are chosen to fit three vacuum quantities in the chiral limit: pion mass $m_{\pi}$=$134.98~{\rm MeV}$, pion decay constant $f_{\pi}$=$92.30~{\rm MeV}$ and the constituent quark mass $M(\mu=0)$=$330$ MeV~\cite{Klimt:1989pm,Huang:2001yw}. Although Fierz transforming one gluon exchange implies $R$=$G_D/G_S$=$0.75$ for $N_c$=3, the underlying interaction at moderate density is bound to be more complicated, therefore we choose to vary the strength of the diquark coupling channel to investigate the competition between the condensates as a function of the chemical potential. In the following we first discuss our results for the case with zero external field and then for non-zero external field.

\vskip 0.2cm

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{e.eps}
\hspace{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{f.eps}
\caption{\label{omega} Stable, metastable and unstable branches of $\Omega$ as determined for the case $B$=$0$ and $R$=$0.75$ (left panel) and $B$=$0.05$ GeV$^2$ and $R$=$0.75$ (right panel)}
\end{figure}

Case (a) {\bf No magnetic field}:
As long as R is sufficiently small (we will quantify this below) and explicit
breaking of chiral symmetry is slight, then for a narrow range of $\mu$ we get three solutions to the gap equations. These three solutions correspond to stable, metastable and unstable branches of the system. In Fig~\ref{omega} we plot the values of $\Omega$ corresponding to the three solutions obtained in the small $\mu$-window. The values of the gaps $(M,\Delta)$ for which $\Omega$ is the lowest correspond to the stable solution at any given density. The transition point or the critical chemical potential $\mu_c$ is the point where the first derivative of $\Omega$ (and the gaps) behave discontinuously. The superconducting gap abruptly becomes non-zero above $\mu_{c}$ while the chiral gap abruptly decreases implying partial restoration of chiral symmetry (since explicit breaking remains). The behavior of $\Omega$ and the gaps give us a clear indication of a first-order transition. In Fig~\ref{gapfigs} we plot the gaps versus $(\mu-\mu_c)/\mu$, which enables a convenient comparison, on the same graph, of the strength of the transition for different values of $R$=$G_D/G_S$. The actual value of this critical chemical potential, eg. for $R$=$0.75$ (which qualifies as sufficiently small) is $\mu_{c}$=$331.2$ MeV. Table~\ref{Rtable} displays $\mu_c$ and the magnitude of the jump in the order parameters at $\mu_c$ for different values of $R$.

\vskip 0.2cm

With increasing $R$, the superconducting gap appears at a smaller $\mu$ and rises smoothly from zero, until it becomes discontinuous at a critical chemical potential where the chiral gap changes discontinuously (albeit with a smaller jump than before). The broken lines in Fig.~\ref{gapfigs}, for $R=1.05$, clearly demonstrate this coupled feature of the two condensates, with a first-order chiral transition affecting the superconducting gap (see also Huang et al.~\cite{Huang:2001yw} for this feature). While not obvious from Fig.~\ref{gapfigs} due to the shift $\mu\rightarrow(\mu-\mu_c)/\mu$, the chiral phase transition occurs at a lower $\mu$ than before. This picture does not change qualitatively until we go above a critical value $R$=$R_c$=1.11; i.e, while $R<R_c$, the discontinuities in $m$ and $\Delta$ remain non-zero but decrease smoothly. At $R=R_c$ the metastable and unstable regions vanish completely. This qualifies it to be a second order phase transition. Huang et al.~\cite{Huang:2001yw} have termed the region where the condensates co-exist and vary continuously, as the mixed broken phase, since both chiral and (global) color symmetry are broken here. While it should not be confused with a genuine mixed phase, since the free energy admits a unique solution to the gap equations in this regime, the width of this overlap region increases with increasing $R$. Above $R=R_c=1.11$, $\sigma$ and $\Delta$ are smoothly varying resulting in a smooth crossover. However there is always a pseudo-transition point ($\mu_{cp}$) around which fluctuations/variations of both the condensates are sharply peaked. The width of these peaks broaden with further increase of $R$ and $\mu_{cp}$ moves towards the left with increasing $R$. These results for $B=0$ agree qualitatively with the results of Huang et al.~\cite{Huang:2001yw} with minor quantitative differences in $\mu_c,\mu_{cp}$ at less than $1.5\%$ level.

\begin{figure}
\caption{\label{gapfigs} Chiral gap (left panel) and Superconducting gap (right panel) as a function of shifted and scaled chemical potential $(1-\mu_c/\mu)$ for different values of $R$=$G_D/G_S$.}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{a.eps}
\hspace{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{b.eps}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\caption{\label{bgapfigs} Chiral gap (left panel) and Superconducting gap (right panel) as a function of chemical potential $\mu$ for $B$=0 and $B\sim 10^{18}$G. The value of $R$=$G_D/G_S$=1.2 in both cases.}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{c.eps}
\hspace{5mm}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{d.eps}
\end{figure}

\vskip 0.2cm

\begin{center}
\begin{table}
\caption{\label{Rtable} Critical chemical potential $\mu_c$, jumps in the chiral ($\delta_{\sigma}$) and superconducting ($\delta_{\Delta}$) order parameters at $\mu_c$ for zero and large $B$-field for various values of $R$=$G_D/G_S$. The nature of the transition is also indicated.}

\vskip 0.2cm

\begin{tabular}{|p {1cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {2cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {1.5cm}|p {2cm}|}
\hline
R&\multicolumn{4}{|l|}{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eB=0}&\multicolumn{4}{|l|}{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eB=0.05Ge${\rm V}^2$}\\
\cline{2-9}
 &$\delta_{\sigma}$(MeV)&$\delta_{\Delta}$(MeV)&$\mu_{c}$(MeV)&Nature&$\delta_{\sigma}$(MeV)&
 $\delta_{\Delta}$(MeV)&$\mu_{c}$(MeV)&Nature\\
\hline
0.75&237.9&80.6&331.2&First order&158.4&53.4&329.5&First order\\
\hline
1.05&115.1&51.2&295.3&First order&105.6&66.2&291.5&First order\\
\hline
1.11&0&0&284.9&Second order&67.1&44.4&280.7&First order\\
\hline
1.15&Smooth&Smooth&279.4&Crossover&57.0&32.8&273.3&First order\\
\hline
1.20&Smooth&Smooth&269.7&Crossover&40.7&25.5&263.2&First order\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{center}

\vskip -0.75cm

Case (b) {\bf Large Magnetic field}: Our self-consistent method of solving the gap equations is now applied to study the competition between the condensates in presence of a strong magnetic field, at maximum of the order of $10^{18}$GeV$^2$~\footnote{We have ignored magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking, important for extremely large fields $B\sim 10^{20}$G~\cite{Gusynin:1995gt}}. Since the chiral condensate involves quark spinors of opposite spin and same $\tilde{Q}$-charge, it is stressed by large magnetic fields. The diquark condensate, with opposite spin and $\tilde{Q}$-charge, is strengthened. Thus, we expect and indeed observe, as seen from Fig.~\ref{bgapfigs}, a strengthening of the competition between the two condensates, resulting in a qualitative change from the $B=0$ case. For moderate values of $R\lesssim 1.0$, the sharp first order jumps in the $B$=0 case are weakened and the metastable region shrinks. The effect is more dramatic in the crossover region (large $R$), where the smooth behavior is replaced by a first-order transition (see Fig~\ref{bgapfigs}). With our choice $R=1.2$ (employed in Fig.~\ref{bgapfigs}), we find that a smooth crossover in the $B=0$ case at $\mu_{\rm cp}\sim 270$ MeV gives way to a discontinuity in the chiral and superconducting gaps at $\mu_c\sim 263$ MeV for $eB=0.05$ GeV$^{2}$ ($B=8.5\times 10^{18}$G). There is only a very small change in the transition density for superconductivity and (partial) chiral restoration (see Table~\ref{Rtable}). However, the mixed broken phase of Huang et al.~\cite{Huang:2001yw} is disrupted. The simultaneous appearance of the discontinuity in the chiral and superconducting gap for large magnetic field case, at almost the same $\mu$ where the condensates have their most rapid variation in the $B$=$0$ case, is a physical feature and is also cutoff insensitive. Finally, we have checked that magnetic fields $eB\lesssim 0.01$~GeV$^2$ ($B\lesssim 10^{18}$G) do not notably alter the competition between the condensates from the zero magnetic field case.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec_conc}

We have studied the effect of a large magnetic field on the chiral and
diquark condensate in a two-flavor superconductor using the NJL model.
We have implemented a self-consistent scheme to determine the condensates,
by numerically iterating the coupled (integral) equations for the chiral
and superconducting gap. We have obtained results for the nature of the competition between these condensates in two cases: (a) at zero magnetic field, where
our results are qualitatively the same as those of Ref.~\cite{Huang:2001yw},
and small quantitative differences arise most likely due to the choice of free parameters and a different numerical scheme; and (b) at large magnetic fields, where we find that the competition increases strongly, causing a discontinuity in
the gaps, and disrupting the ``mixed broken phase''. This is a result of the
modified free energy of the quarks in the condensate when subjected to a
magnetic field. For magnetic fields as large as $B\sim 10^{18}$G, the
anti-aligned magnetic moments of the quarks in the chiral
condensate change the smooth crossover of the chiral transition to a sharp
first order transition. The diquark gap also becomes discontinuous at this
point. For magnetic fields $B\leq 10^{18}$G, there is no significant effect of the magnetic field on the competition between the condensates and zero-field results apply.

\vskip 0.2cm

Although we have used an effective model with a sharp cutoff and
omitted certain important considerations like the finite mass of the
strange quark and neutrality constraints on the matter which can induce additional condensates that enter the competition, it is interesting to speculate on possible physical consequences of the transition induced by the large magnetic field, since it is a strong and probably general feature of competing condensates. At some fixed large value of the local field $B$ and in the small density
window of the metastable region, cooling of two-flavor quark matter below the
superconducting $T_c$ can result in the formation of domains or nuggets of superconducting regions with different values for the gap, even at constant pressure (a detailed analysis requires assessment of surface and screening effects in superconducting quark matter~\cite{Jaikumar:2005ne,Alford:2006bx}). The chiral gap (or constituent mass) in this mixed phase shows the same feature, hearkening back to the DCC idea~\cite{Rajagopal:1993ah}. If the system is formed in a metastable state and then drops to the true minimum of the free energy, nucleation of chirally restored and superconducting droplets can happen simultaneously. This is a heterogeneous nucleation process since superconducting domains can already exist. We can also imagine that external magnetic fields of order $eB/\mu^2\sim 1$ show some local variation on the microscopic scale in the initial stages of the formation of the dense neutron star. In this case, magnetic domains with different magnetization can form. Such kinds of nucleation and domain formation will release latent heat that might be very large owing to the large value of the magnetic field, serving as a large internal engine for possible energetic events on the surface of the neutron star. Such internal mechanisms are unlikely to occur in a pure neutron star without a quark core~\cite{Broderick:2001qw} and could have important applications for high-energy astrophysics~\cite{Ouyed:2005dz}. In addition, it has been recently shown that large magnetic fields in strange quark matter introduce anisotropies in bulk viscosities, which can change the stability region of the r-mode in such stars~\cite{Huang:2009ue}. A similar effect may arise in magnetized superconducting two-flavor or 2SC+s quark matter, another important link between the microscopic and astrophysical consequences of a large magnetic field in quark matter in the core of neutron stars.

\vskip 0.2cm

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We are grateful to Neeraj Kumar Kamal for assistance with certain numerical
aspects of this work.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


With the arrival of fall along with all the new faces on campus I decided to sit down and look back on my summertime at Quest. Home is far away for me and I decided that at least for this summer, staying in Squamish was the best decision. Quest offers various opportunities for students over the summer, and one of those is to get hired for a job on campus. The jobs include maintenance, cleaning, landscaping, painting, conferencing, working in admissions and being a member of the project crew. I was hired to be a painter and along with my team members we spent part of our sunny days painting the walls of our school. Some days would be physically demanding, but we got through them by encouraging each other and turning up the tunes. I am happy to say that I will never hire a painter again because I will be able to do the job by myself. Learning from work was awesome, getting free housing (which you do!) was great, but seeing a different vibe to Quest was the most interesting. The first two months of summer campus is still buzzing, a quieter buzz but nevertheless a buzz, as students taking summer blocks are still around. However when the two months come to an end, student employees are most of what's left.
Being my first year at Quest, I had never been around so few people on campus, however I learned more about the value of small groups because I got to know individuals on a more personal level, plus we were all neighbours and coworkers. Another great aspect of working over the summer was getting to know the staff a bit better, to appreciate their work and to respect them for all their efforts to keep campus as organized as it can be. A fun memory comes from the day we had a teambuilding trip and we got to go to Play land together. Play land is an amusement park in Vancouver and during our visit we rode both the scary and the not so scary rollercoasters, ate lots of cotton candy, had lunch together and attempted (but failed) to win a giant teddy bear.
Sam Smith performing "Stay with me".
Aside from on campus related events, Squamish and Vancouver are both filled with activities. From the traditional farmer markets to the Squamish Valley music festival to which Quest students get the chance to work or volunteer on. I decided to take the opportunity to work but at the same time I got to see some of my favourite acts during my breaks. These included Sam Smith, Mumford and sons, Of monsters and men and Vance Joy.
If you ever get the chance to stay in Squamish for the summer, I would say do it because in contrast with it's rainy months, summer in squamish is full of sunshine, warmth, and blue skies that give the backdrop to the green mountains. My school vacation was filled with lots of paint-stained clothes, drives to the lake, evenings of singing and jamming, watermelon, Cherry Garcia ice cream, giggles and awesome people. A new year has begun and I've acquired a new perspective that I'm sure other student employees share. Now I see the walls in the little café, or the hallways of the academic building and I feel satisfaction because I don't just see a wall anymore, I see my work and time.


text:
Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton rekindle love in winter wonderland
January 02, 2014 - 16:26 GMT hellomagazine.com Love might be on the cards again for Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton after they rung in 2014 together and shared Instagram photos of their holiday
It looks like love might be back on the cards for Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton after they rung in 2014 together.
The former couple, who announced their split in July, shared photos of their adventure in the winter wonderland of Aspen, Colorado.
Although they weren't pictured together, both posted separate photos on their Instagram accounts depicting identical scenes.
CLICK ON PHOTO FOR GALLERY
Formula One champion Lewis was the first to share a picture, which showed him sat on a snowmobile with the sun setting in the background.
"Great way to enter the year....snowmobiling with God's view," the 28-year-old racing driver wrote. "Truly am blessed to have a great family with me. #onelove"
X Factor judge Nicole followed suit a couple of hours later by uploading her snap and a similarly upbeat caption.
What better way to kick off 2014 in God's Country!," the former Pussycat Doll wrote. "Praying and snow mobiling! #Everything! #Glorious!"
Neither Nicole or Lewis directly addressed them being back together but there was further proof that they saw in 2014 together when they posted pictures of their New Year's Eve celebrations alongside Alicia Keys and her husband Swizz Beatz.
Hawaii-born Nicole, 35, posted a glamorous shot of herself alongside Alicia and another friend while Lewis shared a picture of himself the singer's hip hop artist husband.
Lewis's Instagram account also featured photos of his brother and mentions of other members of the Hamilton family suggesting that Nicole had joined them on their family break.
After splitting in July, reports emerged that they spent seven-and-a-half hours in each other's company during a secret rendezvous at a London hotel.
The pair had a famously on-off relationship during the five years they were together, splitting temporarily in 2011 and 2010.
They met at the MTV European Music Awards in 2007 and two made their relationship public six months later at the Monaco Grand Prix.
More about nicole scherzinger
Nicole Scherzinger wows fans with incredible tummy muscles - discover her workout plan
Nicole Scherzinger and Thom Evans look loved-up in racy pool photo
Nicole Scherzinger finally confirms romance with Thom Evans - see loved-up pictures
Good luck charm Nicole Scherzinger cheers Lewis Hamilton on to Grand Prix victory
Nicole and Lewis make super stylish couple in Cannes
Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton's date at the White House
Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton enjoy 'secret rendezvous'
Lewis Hamilton denies he's engaged to Nicole Scherzinger
Happy birthday, Nicole Scherzinger: See her star sign and your horoscope


I have a confession. I've been watering a fake plant for three weeks now. Faithfully watering it. In my defense, it's extremely realistic looking. It never crossed my mind I had a fake…until I was at the store and almost bought a second. That's when I realized—it was plastic.
As a rule, I'm against faux foliage. Be real or don't exist. To know I watered and admired a phony was humbling. I had set it on the window sill with nine other plants—and had thought it was the prettiest one there.
When my daughter pulled our plantation blinds out of the window on top of my tiny garden—decimating a Lima Bean plant, damaging a cactus, and generally wreaking havoc on leaves and stems—I marveled that this single, beautiful plant escaped unscathed.
Now I know why. It wasn't real.
There had to be a lesson there, right? God loves me too much to let me buy fake plants for nothing.
As I was thinking about the other plants (the ones that sustained damage from being attacked, the ones that grew as I watered them, the not-so-pretty real ones) I realized it was kind of like faith.
Some people look great on the outside. They say the right things. Acceptable Christian responses? Check. But if you look inside their pot, you find a plant glued to Styrofoam. You can water, but it won't grow. Attacks come, but it won't be damaged. It wasn't real, to begin with.
Real faith isn't picture-perfect. Leaves turn brown if roots aren't watered. Stems break under the weight of attacks. Branches are pruned to become more fruitful.
Thankfully God is a better gardener than me. He knows real from plastic. He sees the messy process of sanctification as infinitely more beautiful than an artificial presentation.
Read 2 Corinthians 13:5 (read online here) and examine your own heart.


Welcome to MHF from the Adirondacks in upstate New York, Tell us about yourself!
Welcome to MHF from the Adirondacks in upstate New York, T ell us about your hunting experience!
Welcome to MHF from the Adirondacks in upstate New York. Tell us about yourself.
Picked up new trail cam. Had it out for a couple days so far.
You caption it! What's she saying?
Please welcome a new sponsor Boblov Hunting Range Finders.
Please give a MHF welcome to Fireside Outdoors. They have invented a new product and would love some feedback from the Myhuntingforum.com community.
With the pb fiasco, I have enabled uploading of pictures here. When posting, click the Attachments and other options link. Please have them already resized before uploading, like always a 640 pixel width is maximum.
The web site strictly dedicated to the great sport of hunting. Whether you are a rookie or seasoned hunt master you will definitely learn something new.
MyHuntingForum.com -Built by people who hunt for the hunting addict.


text:
Home > Special Collections > Edwin Arlington Robinson > Letters and Transcriptions > 203
To Joseph S. Ford - November 21, 1894
Download Anderson's Manuscript Transcription (2.2 MB)
Original letter from: Edwin A. Robinson Papers, 1890-1937, in the Clifton Waller Barrett Library, Accession #6824-j, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.
Reproduction statement from scan of the original letter: "The original of this digital image is housed in Special Collections, The University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4110. No further copies can be made."
Robinson, Edwin Arlington, "To Joseph S. Ford - November 21, 1894" (1894). Edwin Arlington Robinson Letters and Transcriptions. 203.
https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/robinson_transcriptions/203


text:
Jack Costello Boxing Gym Opens on Torresdale Ave!
Costello's Boxing Gym, a Tacony neighborhood institution since 1996, will have its Grand Opening on Saturday, November 12, from Noon until 4pm, in its new home right in the heart of Tacony, at 6846 Torresdale Ave (corner of Torresdale and Longshore in Tacony). Throughout the day there will be food, outdoor games, tours of the gym and more. The ribbon cutting will be at 12:15pm. The Gym's opening continues and accelerates the new businesses opening in Tacony.
New premises in the neighborhood isn't the only thing new for venerable Costello Boxing Gym! Joey Dawejko, a 14-time amateur National Champion, current professional heavyweight contender and lifelong Tacony resident will join as head trainer, running the boxing program. Also newly added will be fitness classes, morning yoga (days TBD), and girls-only sessions for defense and boxing. And even though they're in a new space, with new programs, the youth program fee will remain the same as it has been, $10 per month.
"That low price is a big part of what we do," said President Brian Costello. "We have deep roots in this community, and it's wonderful how so many different people and groups have rallied to help make this happen. The Block Gives Back will be here, grilling and serving up hot dogs and burgers as part of their Feed the Block Cookouts (everyone is invited!), Art History 101 will be on hand, along with friends, neighbors and business owners from up and down Torresdale."
"We're very excited to have this long-standing business anchoring—and activating—such an important corner of the Tacony district. We're excited to see Costello's Gym take center stage like this," said Georgeanne Huff-Labovitz, the board president of the Tacony Community Development Corp and owner of Marie Huff Salon.
Costello Gym is taking over space previously occupied by Santander Bank. A complete makeover, as well as attractive murals inside and out, have made it a showpiece for the commercial district, and for smart, adaptive reuse. New signage, painting and mural work was leveraged through the city's Commerce Department Storefront Improvement Grant.
"The Block Gives Back is excited to welcome Costello Gym to the 6800 block of Torresdale," said Amber Allen, Director of Development. "They've been a great community partner, and we're excited to be bringing our Feed The Block Cookout to their grand opening, and to see them continue their important work in the city."
"We're thrilled that Costello Gym will be here," said Tacony CDC director James McCrone, "and we're happy that the building itself has turned out so nicely. We're happy that the Costellos are bringing life to a crucial corner of the district. Everyone I've spoken with is excited for Costello Gym to open."
Friends and family, including Anne Costello, wife of Jack Costello, will join community members and boxing enthusiasts for the ribbon cutting at 12:15pm with tours, games and food. Festivities go until 4pm.
Jack Costello, for whom the gym is named, is in the boxing Hall of Fame, and one of his greatest contributions was working with young people. For more information about the gym and Frank Costello, check out: https://jackcostelloboxing.com/who-is-jack-costello
TaconyCommunityEventsBusinessLocal
New Survey for Tacony CDC's Strategic Plan


text:
Събития

Родени
 Никифор Вриений, византийски историк и политик

Починали

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Buy Online Silly Pils 5° - 1/4L - Belgian Shop - Delivery Worldwide!
Silly Pils 5° - 1/4L - delivery worldwide - discount following quantities purchased.
Jeffrie B. from Kin Kin bought this product recently.
Malt enhancing upon tasting, it leaves the hops to offer a hint of bitterness without lingering and without acridity, and to take on a thirst-quenching role with a surprising flavour for a Pils.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import

from sentry.app import env

class SentryEnvMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        # bind request to env
        env.request = request

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Load modules conditionally Python I'm wrote a main python module that need load a file parser to work, initially I was a only one text parser module, but I need add more parsers for different cases.
parser_class1.py
parser_class2.py
parser_class3.py
Only one is required for every running instance, then I'm thinking load it by command line:
mmain.py -p parser_class1

With this purpose I wrote this code in order to select the parser to load when the main module will be called:
#!/usr/bin/env python

import argparse
aparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
aparser.add_argument('-p',
            action='store',
            dest='module',
            help='-p module to import')
results = aparser.parse_args()

if not results.module:
    aparser.error('Error! no module')
try:
    exec("import %s" %(results.module))
    print '%s imported done!'%(results.module)
except ImportError, e:
    print e

But, I was reading that this way is dangerous, maybe no stardard..
Then, is this approach ok? or I must find another way to do it?
Why?
Thanks, any comment are welcome.

A: You could actually just execute the import statement inside a conditional block:
if x:
    import module1a as module1
else:
    import module1b as module1

You can account for various whitelisted module imports in different ways using this, but effectively the idea is to pre-program the imports, and then essentially use a GOTO to make the proper imports... If you do want to just let the user import any arbitrary argument, then the __import__ function would be the way to go, rather than eval.
Update:
As @thedox mentioned in the comment, the as module1 section is the idiomatic way for loading similar APIs with different underlying code.
In the case where you intend to do completely different things with entirely different APIs, that's not the pattern to follow.
A more reasonable pattern in this case would be to include the code related to a particular import with that import statement:
if ...:
    import module1
    # do some stuff with module1 ...

else:
    import module2
    # do some stuff with module2 ...

As for security, if you allow the user to cause an import of some arbitrary code-set (e.g. their own module, perhaps?), it's not much different than using eval on user-input. It's essentially the same vulnerability: the user can get your program to execute their own code.
I don't think there's a truly safe manner to let the user import arbitrary modules, at all. The exception here is if they have no access to the file-system, and therefore cannot create new code to be imported, in which case you're basically back to the whitelist case, and may as well implement an explicit whitelist to prevent future-vulnerabilities if/when at some point in the future the user does gain file-system access.

A: here is how to use __import__()
allowed_modules = ['os', 're', 'your_module', 'parser_class1.py', 'parser_class2.py']

if not results.module:
    aparser.error('Error! no module')
try:
    if results.module in allowed_modules:
        module = __import__(results.module)
        print '%s imported as "module"'%(results.module)
    else:
        print 'hey what are you trying to do?'
except ImportError, e:
    print e

module.your_function(your_data)

EVAL vs __IMPORT__()
using eval allows the user to run any code on your computer. Don't do that. __import__() only allows the user to load modules, apparently not allowing user to run arbitrary code. But it's only apparently safer.
The proposed function, without allowed_modules is still risky since it can allow to load an arbitrary model that may have some malicious code running on when loaded. Potentially the attacker can load a file somewhere (a shared folder, a ftp folder, a upload folder managed by your webserver ...) and call it using your argument.
WHITELISTS
Using allowed_modules mitigates the problem but do not solve it completely: to hardening even more you still have to check if the attacker wrote a "os.py", "re.py", "your_module.py", "parser_class1.py" into your script folder,  since python first searches module there (docs).
Eventually you may compare parser_class*.py code against a list of hashes, like sha1sum does.
FINAL REMARKS: At the real end, if user has write access to your script folder you cannot ensure an absolutely safe code.

A: You should think of all of the possible modules you may import for that parsing function and then use a case statement or dictionary to load the correct one. For example:
import parser_class1, parser_class2, parser_class3

parser_map = {
    'class1': parser_class1,
    'class2': parser_class2,
    'class3': parser_class3,
}

if not args.module:
    #report error
    parser = None
else:
    parser = parser_map[args.module]
#perform work with parser

If loading any of the parser_classN modules in this example is expensive, you can define lambdas or functions that return that module (i.e. def get_class1(): import parser_class1; return parser_class1) and alter the line to be parser = parser_map[args.module]()
The exec option could be very dangerous because you're executing unvalidated user input. Imagine if your user did something like -
mmain.py -p "parser_class1; some_function_or_code_that_is_malicious()"


text:
Read Next:	Hank Azaria Says He Will No Longer Voice Apu on 'The Simpsons'
January 13, 2020 12:23AM PT
Tony Garnett, Founder of 'Bodyguard' Producer World Productions, Dies at 83
By Manori Ravindran
Manori Ravindran
Manori's Most Recent Stories
Joint Sky & NBC News Channel Confirmed, Set To Rival CNN & Bloomberg
U.K. Factual Outfit Zinc Media Group Draws $4.5 Million Investment in Fundraising Round
'Irishman' Star Stephen Graham Sets Up Matriarch Productions (EXCLUSIVE)
CREDIT: ITV/Shutterstock
British film and TV producer Tony Garnett, founder of "Bodyguard" producer World Productions, died Sunday at the age of 83.
His death was confirmed by the ITV Studios-backed World Productions, which released the following statement Sunday night: "After a short illness, Tony Garnett, the legendary TV and film producer and founder of World Productions, died around midday on January 12. Tony was a great man and an inspirational producer who will be sorely missed by everyone who knew him."
The Birmingham, U.K.-born Garnett began his career as an actor in the 1960s before going on to produce TV movies such as "Cathy Come Home" and "Kes" with "I, Daniel Blake" director Ken Loach – a frequent collaborator.
His work was known for a hard-nosed social realism that tackled issues such as homelessness and abortion.
Garnett worked in Hollywood in the 1980s, where he produced films such as "Earth Girls Are Easy," "Sesame Street" film "Follow That Bird" and the Paul Newman-starring "Fat Man and Little Boy."
Back in the U,K. in 1990, he set up World Productions – which was acquired by ITV Studios in 2017 – with agent John Heyman. He went on to produce films and series such as "Ballykissangel," "Between the Lines" and "This Life."
Garnett retired from producing in 2006, with Simon Heath taking the reins of World Productions. He published his memoir, "The Day the Music Died," in 2016.
The U.K.'s film and TV industries have been paying tribute to Garnett, with "Bodyguard" creator Jed Mercurio tweeting that the producer was "instrumental in giving me my break into TV when I was a junior hospital doctor who'd never written anything."
"He was an inspirational figure who'll be greatly missed. They don't make 'em like him any more," he said.
Meanwhile, 1917 actor Daniel Mays shared: "Very sad to hear of the passing of the great Tony Garnett. I met him on the set of 'Saddam's Tribe' years back for [World Productions]. The nicest man and full of encouragement to a young actor starting out. His legacy and body of work is truly exceptional."
Elsewhere, "World on Fire" and "The A Word" creator Peter Bowker said: "Tony Garnett was a brilliant and inspiring producer and writer. He was also a beautiful man who helped me personally with kindness and listening at a very low point in my life. He never stopped asking questions. Never stopped trusting that stories could change the world. RIP Tony."
Tony Garnett
World Productions


As a non-profit festival we cannot offer any monetary payment to our teachers but the rewards you will receive are far greater. You will have a platform to share your art with the hundreds of people that enter through the One World gates & make friends and clients that will last forever. This is why teachers come back year after year. As a teacher you are granted various discounts from festival entry. Any other discounts like loyalty or concession do not apply to teachers, although they do still apply to teachers families.
Festival Fees: For each 90 min workshop you hold as a teacher you will be discounted £30.00 from your festival fees. So if you hold 6 workshops you will not pay any festival fees (for yourself) thus gaining free entry to the festival. Any family members are entitled to standard festival fee discounts for loyalty, concession, early bird etc up to a maximum of 20%). Food: You will also get a 20% discount off food, for you and your family. Accommodation: Camping or indoor accommodation is charged at standard rates and there is no discount available. Referral programme: As a teacher you can take part in our referral programme, which means any NEW to One World person who books using your name will get an additional 5% discount off their Festival Fees, whilst you will get a 20% commission of any festival fees paid. There is no limit to the amount of people you can bring, so this is a nice way to expand the joy of One World whilst getting rewarded for your efforts.
Please feel free to call us on 01273 279 439 or email us at info@oneworldcamp.com if you have any questions if you have any questions!


Syria agreed to allow Arab states to monitor its compliance with the Arab League proposal, which is aimed at halting a government crackdown on protests that U.N. officials say has killed more than 5,000 civilians. Will it be enough? Published by Cartoon Movement.
In July 2011, I spent a month in Haiti for Cartoon Movement, searching for a comic artist and journalists to produce comics journalism about life in Haiti. This video is a record of that project. It was shot and edited by Caroline Bins, a video journalist who accompanied us.


Online Marketing and Social Media are part of your after sales capmaigns.
In order to come up on search results through google, yahoo, bing you need to optimize your website or eshop in a way that search engines will be able to read and understand your content. That way will help them match your webpage with the search requests of users and display yours on the first or second page of the results. Our team will be able to optimize your website or eshop so it can reach the first page on keywords and search phrases that are similar to your field of business and even location.
Google, facebook, instagram, twitter are some of the many social media companies that can help your business increase their target audience and create more revenue. We can help you increase your presence on those media or even take care of them for you, so your only consern will be running your core part of your business.
With google, facebook, instagram, twitter giving us the opportunity to advertise on such huge communities we are here to create a campaign on each platform that will find and target the group of people that most match your business. With years of experience on online marketing and advertisement we continue to learn more, based on changes and previous statistics.
In order for your business to improve and expand, you need to have stats and information prety much about anything that happens on your website or eshop and even on your social media accounts. Our team will help you analyse and understand those stats so you can deliver better content for your customers.


text:
Weekly Wire
December 12th: Another round of Postmedia buyouts, the Globe's new office, and more
A Q&A with Ira Basen on the Power of Spin
Ryerson Review of Journalism
These are the stories we're watching over the next week. Here is your Weekly Wire:
Two of Postmedia's major west coast newspapers, the Vancouver Sun and The Province, are expected to lose up to two-dozen reporters and editors early next year, according to Unifor Local 2000, which represents workers for the two publications. Both newsrooms merged earlier this year. The bad news comes on the heels of a recent round of company-wide buyouts, and a clearcut of staff at 24 Hours Vancouver, another Postmedia-owned daily whose Vancouver readership was in third place behind the Sun and Province in 2015.
After 43 years, the Globe and Mail left its "odd-smelling" headquarters on Toronto's Front Street West for new east-end digs, in a move that publisher Phillip Crawley calls a "sign of faith in the future." (Some interesting stuff turned up in the move, too). Despite the new Diamond-Schmitt-designed office—the same firm behind the Ryerson Image Centre—the Globe still has to contend with old-office problems like declining print circulation numbers, which prompted a recent round of buyouts.
Time magazine declared—who else?—President-elect Donald Trump its person of the year, calling the "revolution" he ignited "fully American." But the laurels might be poisoned. Time said it awarded Trump the distinction for reminding Americans that "demagoguery feeds on despair," and on Twitter, Eater editor Helen Rosner notes the 1940s-esque aesthetic flourish—a clear reference to Time's 1938 pick, Adolf Hitler. It's certainly likelier than the "devil horns" theory, which appears to be an ongoing problem.
What do the Toronto Blue Jays, Mirvish Productions, and the CRTC have in common? Well, as reported in the Globe, they've all has advertisements on Breitbart (the platform for the so-called "alt right", or, more accurately, white nationalists). The placement of the organization's ads, which the Globe says are being rectified, is a consequence of modern online ad-buying, which allow businesses' ads to appear everywhere unless specified otherwise. The news follows Breitbart's declaration of war on Froot Loop-purveyor Kellogg's after the company pulled its ads from the site.
To see more frequent updates from the RRJ, please follow us on Twitter. You can also subscribe to our weekly newsletter for more in-depth news analysis.
This is a joint byline for the Ryerson Review of Journalism. All content is produced by students in their final year of the graduate or undergraduate program at the Ryerson School of Journalism.


Are you excited to have a plan in place for Innova?
Absolutely. Tim's passing was a big shock to all of us – totally unexpected. The remaining shareholders in Innova Group wanted to make sure that we honor Tim's legacy and build on the great work he accomplished by keeping Innova alive and growing.
What are Gumotex's plans for the brand?
Innova has got a tremendous reputation for quality and customer service. Gumotex purchased the Innova Group's assets, including the Innova brand. They recognize the value and will maintain the brand in the North American market, and possibly expand into other English speaking countries where the Gumotex brand is not already well-established.
Any new innovations in store?
2016 is a stabilization and transition year for us. That said, we introduced a number of refreshed boats (Safari and Solar) and exciting brand new products (SeaWave) at the Outdoor Retailer in early August, including a small line of fishing boats (Halibut and Alfonso) for the 2017 season. As such, we will have kayaks for recreational, flat water and mild whitewater use, as well as boats one can stand up in and fish. For the 2018 season, we will have even more surprises, given the factory's brand new automated production line.
What did Tim bring to the company?
Tim was the soul of Innova, tirelessly promoting not only the craft but the ability to go and get on the water in no time. He loved to talk shop but often the conversation would meander from there to politics, latest books he was interested in, poverty in Africa or currency trading.
How hard has it been to re-group after his passing?
We were in the process of planning for Tim's retirement in a few year's time and have been in conversations with the manufacturer about acquiring Innova as far back as early 2015. When Tim passed away unexpectedly, it only became more urgent. We were fortunate to find Maureen before the season started – she is the main contact for our partners and customers, we set up a new fulfillment center on the East Coast, set up new processes and contracted with back office as well as marketing functions, and are now looking for my replacement, a Gumotex/Innova General Manager for the North American market.
What's unique about Innova craft?
The most unique feature is the material – environmentally sound, durable and lightweight. That said, over the years we have delivered innovative design features, great handling, and performance unparalleled in the market. Over the years we collected a number of stories from our customers – each one more amazing than the last. Our customers are the ones who make our products unique. Who else will take boats to the hot waters of the Mount Pinatubo, get a boat shredded by an alligator (on accident), or run the 600-mile long river to Timbuktu?
I will be involved during the transition or as long as needed to onboard the new General Manager. After that, I am hoping to enjoy the Innova kayaks with my family – somewhere on the water for a change.
The Solar 410 C is a new version of the Innova's favorite, the Solar 405. The Solar 410C is a more stable kayak, designed not only for recreation trips on lakes but also for trips lasting several days with baggage. The Safari 410 C is ready to go and tackle intermediate rapids. The Solar 410 is adaptable to carry a single person, 2 persons, and 3 persons, just by moving the inflatable seats. The Solar 410C comes with 2 inflatable seats but additional seats can be purchased.
Weight bearing capacity 595 lbs.


Abstract: Linear or branched functionalized polycarbosilanes having an absorbance less than 3.0 .mu.m.sup.-1 at 193 nm and a relatively high refractive index are provided. The functionalized polycarbosilanes contain at least one pendant group that is acid labile or aqueous base soluble. Also disclosed are photoresists formulations containing the functionalized polycarbosilanes that are suitable for use in lithography, e.g., immersion lithography.


Our Self Assessment service is provided to clients in England and Wales.
This webpage is a guide to tax "Payment On Account".
Income Tax & National Insurance must be paid in full by 31st January for the previous tax year.
For example: for Tax Year 2017/18, (tax year ended 5th April 2018) Income Tax & NI is payable in full by 31st January 2019.
So for many people (including small businesses), Tax and NI is not payable until neary 10 months after the tax year has ended, which leaves plenty of time to set the money aside.
But, when the Income Tax & Class 4 National Insurance payable is greater than £1,000, then this triggers HMRC's "Payment On Account" requirement - for the current year - the year that you are in, so the 10 months' delay is lost.
Other people to be 'caught' in this advance tax payment requirement are people receiving substantial dividends from their own company. This is now a more common occurrence since the major changes to dividend tax from 2016/17.
Payments On Account are collected in the January of the tax year itself and then the following July (ie. 6 months later).
• any balance of Tax & NI still owing (after the Self Assessment has been filed) has to be paid by the following 31st January as usual.
• any balance of tax still owing (after the Self Assessment has been filed) has to be paid by 31st January 2019.
The January and July Payments on Account are 50% each, of the Tax and NI due for the previous year.
For 2016/17, a web designer has Tax and Class 4 National Insurance calculation of £1,500, which was payable by 31/1/2018. And this is the first time that the web designer's Tax and NI has been over £1,000. Now Payments On Account must start.
• any balance of Tax & NI still owing for 2017/18 has to be paid by 31st January 2019.
This may be a surprise for the web designer who was expecting to pay £1,500 on 31/1/2018, and now finds that a total of £2,250 must be paid on 31/1/2018, and a further £750 on 31/7/2018. So that's double the Tax & NI over a 6 month period.
What happens next year with Payments On Account?
• any balance of Tax & NI still owing for 2018/19 has to be paid by 31st January 2020.
Pay your Self Assessment tax bill.
Self Assessment is the UK Tax Return for individuals. You can do the Self Assessment yourself or ask an accountant or other person to do it for you.
There are more details on our Self Assessment webpage.
Our Services can save you the time and the hassle. We will prepare your Income Tax calculations and Self Assessment and submit them to HMRC.
Tax investigations can be very stressful. We recommend that you get expert advice and we will be able to recommend the necessary expertise.