During forty-five busy years in the practice of law and operations in real estate, Thomas H. King, of Oswego, became one of the leading experts in both fields and a deciding authority in many instances of controversy. Having an intense interest in civic affairs, his chief desire was to improve the system of public education and municipal control of utilities. He was skilled in the intricacies of political affairs and had been selected for public office, although never seeking it, but administering it with fidelity and skill when called upon to serve the people. An organizer of conspicuous ability, he assisted in the founding of many important fiduciary operations in Oswego and extended his realty operations to Rochester and Syracuse, where he was equally successful in establishing himself a an authority while prospering through foresightedness and quick grasp of opportunities for investment. In all his enterprises he operated under a code of business honor that won him the respect of all and made him lifelong friends wherever he went. An accomplished lawyer, a keen business man and devoted to promoting the elementary school system, he found time for recreation in boating and fishing, which were his special pleasures in their season. He was a distinct asset to his community, to which his passing was a severe loss, while to his many friends it was a calamity.
municipal development of the city's water power. As long ago as 1889 he was instrumental in the organization of the Frontier Permanent Building & Loan Association, the first in Oswego, and he later organized the Lake City Building & Loan Association, for both of which he acted as attorney during his life. He was a member of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church and was its legal counsel for years. He was a member of the American Bar Association and treasurer of the local branch for many yeas, belonged to the old Board of Trade and afterward to its successor, the Oswego Chamber of Commerce. He also held membership in the New York State Bar Association and was a charter member of the Oswego Council, No. 227, Knights of Columbus. Other organizations in which he had active membership included the Automobile Club of Oswego, the Oswego Yacht and Oswego County clubs. He acquired a great deal of valuable property in Oswego, Rochester, and Syracuse and spent his summers in the Thousand Islands, where he indulged in fishing and motor boating. He acted as counsel for many business enterprises and was considered an expert in municipal and financial affairs, as well as an authority on real estate within the purview of his operations. His death occurred January 1, 1925.
Thomas H. King married, in 1921, Olive Donahue. They have one child, Eleanor.
For twenty-five years, James Joseph Brown has been building up a real estate and insurance business in Suffern, that is now the leading industry of its character in the town. At the same time he had taken a vital and helpful interest in all matters appertaining to the improvement of any condition that called for such, has been assistant to his fellows in the conduct of the local government and has so conducted his own business that he has won the admiration and high regard of his fellow-citizens.
James Joseph Brown, was born in Suffern, New York, March 28, 1877, a son of John j. and Margaret (Doyle) Brown. His education was derived in the public schools here, after which he entered the employ of the Erie Railroad in the New York office, where he remained for six years. Returning to Suffern at the end of that period, he established himself in the real estate and insurance business, where he has since labored to his own and the interests of others. He later incorporated as James J. Brown, Incorporated. He is a Republican in politics and has held office as village trustee and town clerk and in 1915 was elected supervisor, an office which he has since filled. He belongs to the Houvenkopf Club and to the Free and Accepted Masons, Lodge No. 587; also the Royal Arch Masons and to the Knights Templar.
Mr. Brown married Berriniece Kerr, daughter of John Kerr. Their children are James Van Winkle, and Berriniece.
R. R. BRADEN FITZ-GERALD, M. D.
A native of Canada and a graduate of that country's schools and universities, Dr. Fitz-Gerald came to New York State immediately after he had completed his medical education and since then has been engaged there in the practice of his profession with much success. For more than two decades he has been one of the best-known physicians in Niagara County, having been located throughout that period at Lockport. Specializing in surgery, he has constantly kept in touch with the latest surgical developments and discoveries by means of post-graduate studies in the medical centers of this country and of Europe, and he naturally enjoys a large and important practice. He is also very active in hospital work and belongs to a number of medical organizations, as well as to several fraternal orders and social clubs. In every respect he is one of the prominent and substantial members of the community, where he has made his home for so many years and to the welfare of which he has made such valuable contributions.
City and in other medical centers of this country and in 1927 he spent four months for the same purpose in Vienna, Austria. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the New York State Medical Society, the Niagara County Medical Society, the Buffalo Academy of Medicine, the Clinical Congress of North America, and the Medical Association of Vienna, Austria. He has served as a member of the Lockport Board of Health and also of the board of managers of the Lockport City Hospital. He is a member of the Red Jacket Lodge, Free and Masons; the Buffalo consistory, Accepted Scottish Rite; Ismalia Temple of Buffalo, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; the Indecent Order of Odd Fellows; and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Lockport Chamber of Commerce and the Young Men's Christian Association. His clubs include the Tuscarora Club, the Lockport Town and Country club, and the Lockport Rotary Club. His religious affiliations are with the Presbyterian Church.
Dr. Fitz-Gerald married, June 24, 1908, Leta Dudley, of St. Catherine, Province of Ontario, Canada. Dr. and Mrs. Fitz-Gerald are the parents of three children: 1. Dudley Braden. 2. Harvey Braden. 3. Geraldine. The family residence is located at No. 330 Washburn Street, Lockport.
One who bids air to rise high in public affairs is Alexander A. Falk, who, at the age of twenty-sox years, was elected to the State Legislature, and is now (1929) serving with distinction as Assemblyman at Albany. Mr. Falk was born on January 15, 1900, son of Joseph and Fannie (Goodman) Falk, his father having been active for a number of years in political movements in Brooklyn, notably from 1900 t9 1907, and as alderman.
Alexander A. Falk graduated from Public School No. 132, and from the Washington High School, both of which are located in the Twenty-third district of New York County, which he represents in the Assembly. When the United States Government declared the existence of a state of warfare with Germany, in April, 1917, Mr. Falk was a senior in high school; and as soon as he was permitted to leave his studies he enlisted in the service of his country as a seaman in the United States Navy, when he was honorably discharged after the Armistice. In 1920 Mr. Falk matriculated at Fordham University, and was graduated from the School of Law three years later, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In 1925 he was admitted to practice the profession before any bar in the State of New York, meanwhile having formed an association with the partner with whom he has continued to operate, under the firm style of Cohn & Falk, 170 Broadway, New York City. This partnership has proved well established, and during the few years of its existence has transacted a good proportion of legal business, as both members of the firm are young, progressive, and fortunately endowed in their abilities to create impressions favorable to themselves. More and more are clients finding the way into the offices at No. 170 Broadway, until the future of the firm of Cohn & Falk promises to be indeed as far as Mr. Falk's progress in public affairs, should he choose, after holding state office two terms, to run again. In the tabulation of figures concerning the vote for members of the Assembly in the general election of November 2, 1926, shown as 30,228, that sum representing as it does the largest of all district totals in New York County, by some 9,000 odd votes, the next largest being the Seventh District, with a total of 20,804 votes. Of these 30,228 votes Mr. Falk received 17,746, as Democratic candidate; his nearest opponent, the Republican candidate, David Mikol, 633, with 1,286 blank and void. In the election of 1927 his records of votes were even better.. The Republican candidate for the Assembly from the Twenty-third District was Mortimer Kraus, and it was thought by many that he would prove unbeatable. However, active campaigning on the part of Mr. Falk's supporters, mentioned of his record in the service of his country, and personal contacts demonstrating his pleasing personality and intelligent manner, together with his success as barrister, won the day for him and he was elected to the Legislature, at the age of twenty-six, as noted.
Mr. Falk is affiliated with a number of local fraternal organizations, including the Minque Democratic Club and the Fordham Law School Alumni Association. He is also a member of the Washington Heights Boys. Though he gives the majority of his active time to the law, and to legislation, he is interested in the movements of all of these societies, and, when possible, takes part in them, especially in those of the Democratic club, in which he is a dominant personality.
Seaman Avenue, Borough of Manhattan, City of New York.
One of the foremost journalists in the Mohawk Valley is William Jay Kline, of Amsterdam, New York. He is the son of William W. and Jane Ann (Booth) Kline, and was born at Fultonsville, Montgomery County, New York, on November 7, 1848. He attended the district schools and when his work there was finished he became a student at the Albany Business College and the Johnstown Academy, and, in order to complete his preparation for college, he attended Professor Lewis Collins' private school at Albany. He then entered Union College, making a most excellent record there as a student and was graduated from that institution in the class of 1872, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1875 he received from his alma mater the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1912 that of Litterarum Humanarum Doctor.
After his graduation from Union College, Mr. Kline was employed in the New York office of John H. Starin, where he remained for one year, and then on August 20, 1873, he purchased the "Amsterdam Weekly Democrat." Having decided talent for newspaper work, and choosing the lone for which he was especially qualified, his career has been a success from the start. For six years he published his paper as a weekly and then converted it into a daily. After a number of years, this paper was merged with the "Evening Recorder," and has continued to be published with the two names, "The Amsterdam Recorder and Democrat." In 1902, Mr. Kline admitted his son, Gardiner Kline, into a partnership under the firm name of William J. Kline and Son, publishers of the "Amsterdam Evening Recorder and Daily Democrat." The firm was incorporated in 1922 and in addition to publishing the newspapers does a business in commercial printing. Mr. Kline's success as a newspaper man is due to his ability to write in a pleasing style and with this talent is combined business acumen and sound common sense. He stands high in the ranks of journalism and is widely known. He is a member of the American Newspaper Publishers' Association, the New York State Publishers' Association, the New York Press Association, the Republican Editorial Association of the State of New York, and of the New York Associated Dailies. Of the last three associations he has served as president. For three yeas, Mr. Kline represented the State of New York on the executive committee of the National Editorial Association, and in 1904, he was vice-president of that association. He is noted for his public spirit and has been conspicuously active in every movement for the betterment and advancement of Amsterdam. In these different movements which he could see would result in real benefit to this community, Mr. Kline has not alone lent his personal influence, but he has used the influence of his publications to aid in bringing about the success of moves for social, educational and civic improvement. For many years he has been a member of the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce with influence informing and carrying out its policies. With his papers as an instrument informing public opinion, Mr. Kline is one of the most powerful men in Montgomery County, and being a man of highest integrity, and honor, he has been a great factor for the betterment of the entire county. As vice-president of the Montgomery County Historical Society and the New York State Historical Association, Mr. Kline has been influential in awakening in the people of this vicinity an interest in the history of their section of the State, which is a part of the history of the whole State. His activities extend beyond that of newspaper work and its influence, for he is a trustee of the Amsterdam Savings Bank and vice-president of the Montgomery County Trust Company and of the Amsterdam Free Library. He is a member of the Union College Chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. He is also a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and of the Free and Accepted Masons; the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; the Antlers Country Club; the National Republican Club of New York City; and the Masonic Club of Amsterdam. Mr. Kline is a trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church and of the Home for Elderly Women. He finds great delight in the pastime of fishing and is a past president and one of the directors of the Bourbonnais-Kiamika Hunting and Fishing Club of Canada.
Mr. Kline has always been a loyal supporter of the Republican Party and attended many of the State and national conventions. He is prominent in its councils and through his paper has been a powerful factor in its success in this part of the State. The only public office ever held by Mr. Kline is that of postmaster of Amsterdam, to which post he was appointed by President Hayes on July 1, 1877. In 1881, he was re-appointed by President Arthur, and served until 1885.
Through his broad culture and versatility needed to make a thorough newspaper man, Mr. Kline has many and varied interests. His love for travel has been indulged and he has taken many trips through different sections of the United States and the West Indies; has made a trip around the world; has been several times in Europe, and thrice to the Hawaiian Islands, and taken both the Mediterranean and the South American and South African cruises. All of these trips have been ably described by his own pen in the columns of his newspapers. He has devoted much time, means and effort to the welfare of Union college, and has for many years taken prominent part in her reunions, being one of the organizers and the first president of the Fulton and Montgomery Counties Alumni Association of Union College. He was also, at one time, a member of the board of trustees of this college.
On April 14, 1875, William Jay Kline married Emily Gardiner, daughter of Leonard Y. and Josena (Bronson) Gardiner. Mr. and Mrs. Kline are the parents of four children; 1. Helen McLaren. 2. Gardiner. 3. Laura Josena. 4. Edna Bronson. The only son, Gardiner Kline, who is a partner with his father in the publishing business, is also a graduate of Union College and a member of both the Phi Beta Kappa and the alpha Delta Phi fraternities.
There is no citizen of this city held in higher respect and esteem than is Mr. Kline. He is eminently successful and has shared his ability for success with this community, for without his aid many splendid projects now in effect would have fallen through.
As a teacher, am editor and a lawyer, Willoughby Barrett Dobbs, has gained for himself much of a reputation, and in his present office as assistant corporation counsel of the City of New York he has acquired an enviable standing in his chosen profession, Mr. Dobbs was also for three years an examiner in the Civil Service Commission, at the Nation's Capital, and for two years, was a member of the board of examiners of the New York Police Department. A Virginian by birth, Mr. Dobbs is a descendant of one of the old families of that State and was one of the charter members of what is now one of the leading southern clubs of New York City.
Mr. Dobbs was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, September 9, 1861, the son of Rev. Charles Edwin Willoughby and Mary Elizabeth (Barrett) Dobbs, the former a leading minister of the Baptist faith, holding the degree of Doctor of Divinity, who for over sixty years occupied many noteworthy pulpits and was, in addition, a popular and prolific writer. Mr. Dobbs acquired his early education in the public schools of Lexington, Kentucky, after which he took a course at Warren College, Bowling Green, Kentucky, later taking the scholastic course at Bethel College, Russellville, Kentucky, from which institution he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1880. He taught school in Fayette and warren counties, Kentucky, for three years, in the meantime studying law. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1883, and before applying himself solely to his profession went into newspaper work for several years. He was editor of the "The Democrat," of Bowling Green, Kentucky, in 1884, and managing editor of the "Daily Times" and "Daily Gazette" in the same town in 1885 and 1886. He started the practice of law in Scottsville, Kentucky, in 1887, and during 1888 and 1889 was proprietor and editor of the "Allen Sentinel," of Allen county, Kentucky. He practiced in Scottsville until 1892, in which year he was appointed a member of the Central Board of Examiners of the United States Civil Service Commission, at Washington, District of Columbia. This office he held until 1895, when he was appointed chief examiner of the Police Department of New York City. He resigned his office in 1897, on his admission to the bar of New York State, and went into private practice. Mr. Dobbs has always taken a deep interest in politics and was elected on the Democratic ticket to the office of Assemblyman from one of the Bronx Districts in 1907. He was assistant district attorney of Bronx County from 1918 to 1922, and in the latter year was appointed to his present office of assistant corporation counsel of New York City. While in Allen County, Kentucky, Mr. Dobbs was chairman of the Democratic County committee, serving in this capacity in 1891 and 1892. The religious faith of Mr. Dobbs is Baptist, and his fraternal affiliations are as follows: Hebron Lodge, No. 813, Free and Accepted Masons, where he has held the chairs of Senior Deacon, Junior Warden, and Senior Warden; Bronx council, No. 1416, Royal Arcanum, of which he is Past Regent; and the Knights of Pythias, in which he has held all offices. He was one of the charter members of the Kentuckians Club, now on of the most popular social organizations of Southerners, in New York City. He is an unalloyed American.
having contributed three sons, two brothers and four nephews to the forces of the United States in the World War.
On June 7, 1884, at Madison, Indiana, Mr. Dobbs married Mary Ready Ragland, who died in 1917, daughter of Felix Grundy and Ella Curd (Thomas) Ragland. Mr. and Mrs. Dobbs are the parents of eight children: 1. Hugh Barrett, born in 1885. 2. Paul, born in 1887. 3. Carl, born in 1889. 4. Mary, born in 1892. 5. Willoughby, born in 1896. 6. Theodore, born in 1900. 7. Margaret, born in 1901. 8. Elizabeth, born in 1903. Mr. Dobbs' office is in the Municipal Building, in New York City, and he resides at No. 2320 Grand Avenue, The Bronx.
The financial system of Syracuse was given a remarkable uplift in the way of conservative progress by the late George Bement Leonard, who was a dominating personality in the banking business in that city for nearly twoscore years. A financier of the old school, he had the confidence of the public, and was a wise and cautious custodian of the funds entrusted to the care of the institution of which he was an officer. Yet he was farsighted in his capacity for taking advantage of opportunities for safe investments which would yield revenue for the stockholders. He was a militia veteran of the Civil War period, and throughout much of his life was much given to the promotion of public service and other business enterprises of importance and usefulness, in which he held a vested and official interest.
Mr. Leonard's earliest American ancestor was James Leonard, who was of Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1651, and of Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1652, and with his brother Henry established the first forge in Plymouth Colony. For many years this forge was the principal one in this country, and the Leonards were widely known as iron masters, having established the industry in the Colonies. James and Henry Leonard were the sons of Thomas Leonard, who remained in England. Their descendants in goodly number became leaders in the Colonial period in business affairs and the public service, and their names occur frequently in records of the Revolutionary War. John Campfield, whose daughter Susan married James Leonard, grandfather of George Bement Leonard, was the aide-de-camp to General Lafayette, and in 1825 he was most cordially greeted by the distinguished friend of Washington and the American colonies at Morristown, New Jersey, at the time of his last visit to this country.
George Bement Leonard was born in Syracuse, new York, June 25, 1838, son of John Alexander and Louisa (Sloan) Leonard, the former born July 7, 1806, died March 23, 2873, and the latter the daughter of Kellogg Bement and Mary Ann (Gaylord) Sloan. John Alexander Leonard and Louisa Sloan were married, December 3, 1835, in Syracuse, New York. George B. Leonard received his education in the public schools of Syracuse, and made his first essay into a business career by taking employment in a mercantile establishment in that city. In 1853, when fifteen years of age, he took a position as clerk and messenger in the Crouse Bank, and it was that connection that he began to exhibit those qualifications which in after years developed into financial acumen of the highest order. Two years later he accepted the offer of a position in the Bank of Salina.
Upon the organization of the First National Bank of Syracuse, in 1863, Mr. Leonard was appointed to be its first cashier, an office which he filled with eminent satisfaction to al the interests concerned for thirty-four years. During that time his acquaintance among banking men widened appreciably and he attained a most enviable reputation among financiers of the city and vicinity. His executive ability won him still further recognition when in 1897, on his resignation from the position of cashier in the First National for that purpose, he was elected president of the Salt Springs National Bank.
holder at the time of its absorption by the National Tube Company; also one of the group of men applying for incorporation papers of the Syracuse Trust Company. He was a director of the Great Lakes Steamship Company, and was made the recipient of the honor of having one of its largest freight vessels, the "George B. Leonard," named after him. He had many other important business associations, those heretofore mentioned being those with which he had more prominent official connections. The idea of a Saturday afternoon half holiday for the bank clerks originated with Mr. Leonard and with the aid of other Syracuse bankers it was carried out.
As an enlisted member of the New York State Militia, Mr. Leonard rendered efficient service during the Civil War. He adopted in his early manhood the political faith of the Republican party, and while ever a staunch member of that organization, he could not be persuaded to enter public life beyond service in the capacity of school commissioner, which was highly prized by the city, and his colleagues during his tenure of office, 1873-74-75. He was a charter member of the Citizens' Club, and his name remained upon its roll until his death. For many years he was a member of the Fortnightly Club, and from 1913 until his passing he was a member of the Archaeological Society of Syracuse. In early life he became an active member of the Plymouth congregational Church, and in later life he transferred his fellowship to the First Reformed Church of that city, which he aided most generously. Congeniality, honesty, straightforwardness and love of truth were outstanding elements in the character of this wonderfully gifted man, which made his companionship a thing to be most highly prized by those in the various circles in which he moved.
George B. Leonard married, October 24, 1866, at Cuba, Allegheny County, New York, Elizabeth DeWitt Dimock, of Cuba, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Mandeville) Dimock, the former born in New London, Connecticut, died during the early childhood of his daughter, and the mother, a daughter of Rev. Garret Mandeville, who was the first settled pastor in Ithaca, New York, in 1801. Children of George B. and Elizabeth DeW. (Dimock) Leonard: 1. Anna Elizabeth, resides at the family home in Syracuse. 2. Mary Louise, died July 15, 1899. 3. Thomas Dimock, educated at Princeton College, Princeton, New Jersey; he married, October 4, 1902, Lucia Moore Norton, and has three children: l. Thomas Dimock, Jr., connected with the rising cotton industry in Goldville, South Carolina, ii. Lucy Norton, who married in Morristown, New Jersey, October 8, 1927, Edgerton Alvord Throckmorton, and they have a son, Edgerton Alvord, Jr., born in New York City, July 30, 1928, iii. Frederick Norton, who is completing his freshman year in Princeton. Mr. Leonard is engaged in the realty business in New York City, and for the past twenty-five years has been a resident of Morris County, New Jersey. 4. Margaret DeWitt, resides at home. 5. George Alexander, also educated at Princeton College; he built a part of the Welland Canal; later became a shipbuilder, and during the World War he built three vessels for the British Government and two for the Canadian Government, and who with his sisters has traveled extensively.
Mrs. Leonard, widow of George B. Leonard and whose death occurred January 4, 1927, at his residence in Syracuse, was prominent in charitable and social circles in that city. She was a member of the board of managers of the Onondaga Orphans' Home for many years, and for some time served as president. She was a member of the Archaeological Institute of American, the Morning Musicals, and the Visiting Nurse Association. Through her Dimock ancestry, she was entitled to membership in the Mayflower Society. At her death Mrs. Leonard was the oldest member of the First Reformed (Dutch) Church, her ancestors having been in that communion since 1656.
The death of George Bement Leonard occurred June 7, 1914, a few days short of his seventy-sixth birthday. His going removed from the Syracuse community one of its most prominent figures. He had rendered splendid service in so many and important channels that it might be said that he was a bulwark of strength to the composite financial and industrial foundation on which Syracuse's business prestige is builded. He achieved a noteworthy record for those who come after him, to peruse and emulate and a precious memory to his family and friends.


text:
Release Notes for Bitcoin Unlimited v1.0.1.1
==========================================

Bitcoin Unlimited version 1.0.1.1 is now available from:

  <https://bitcoinunlimited.info/download>

Please report bugs using the issue tracker at github:

  <https://github.com/BitcoinUnlimited/BitcoinUnlimited/issues>

This is an hotfix release.

Upgrading
---------

If you are running an older version, shut it down. Wait until it has completely
shut down (which might take a few minutes for older versions), then run the
installer (on Windows) or just copy over /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt (on Mac) or
bitcoind/bitcoin-qt (on Linux).

Main Changes
------------

Changes are as follows:

- Fix unwanted assertion Sending an invalid GET_XTHIN is a serious misbehavior and any node doing so will be DOS100 banned immediately.  Also sending a GET_XTHIN with an invalid message type will also cause the sendder to be banned. This bug cause the node to crash.
- Fix pruning when syncing a chain for the first time. iWhen  syncing a chain with pruning enabled there are at times new blocks arriving which make the nLastHeight equal to the tip of the blockchain, however this prevents block files from being removed during pruning.  By not downloading new blocks until the chain no longer in IsInitialDownload() the issue is prevented.

Commit details
--------------
- `95c594a` version 1.0.1.1 (Andrew Stone)
- `eee6a2d` Fix potential unwanted assertion (Peter Tschipper)
- `db93b0c` Merge pull request #291 from ptschip/dev_prune (gandrewstone)
- `b200b0d` Bump client version (Justaphf)
- `da4619d` Merge pull request #300 from Justaphf/dev_2017 (gandrewstone)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


According to police, the fight took place between the school gymnasium and the pool. The mother drove to the area in a Ford Fusion to drop her daughter off at school. Her daughter saw the 15-year-old and began arguing with her from inside the car, police said.
The girl exited the car, approached the 15-year-old and began fighting with her in front of several other students. Police said the mother stepped out of the car and joined the fight, allegedly kicking the victim in the head at least once.
The mother and daughter then drove off, police said.
The 15-year-old suffered slight bruising and swelling to the face, police said.
Spafford and her daughter were arrested at their residence on the 500 block of Cabernet Street after what police described as attempts by the pair to resist being taken into custody.
Hedden said police have beefed up patrols around the campus and the school added additional security officers.
Grace Taylor, Pacheco High's acting principal, said she was unaware the two girls were having problems. She said she and her staff try to emphasize peaceful resolution to the school's nearly 1,500 students.
Taylor said incoming freshmen are lectured about conflict resolution during orientation. She said she and security staff visited each classroom last year to inform students about the school's anonymous tipline.
But many students worry about telling teachers and administrators about festering conflicts because they will be labeled a snitch, Taylor said. She hopes more students will use the tipline so confrontations can be avoided.
As late as Tuesday afternoon some parents had no idea that an adult has been charged with assaulting a student on campus last week.
Escobedo said he does not condone what the mother is accused of and thinks it would have been better for her to call police.
Iliana Contreras has a 15-year-old sister who attends Pacheco High. She said although more security has been added on campus, she's not certain about her sibling's safety.
MacArthur Washington said his son told him about the fight, but did not know all of the details. He said he does not worry too much about something similar happening to his child.


Josh Fox has a weekend home in Wayne County near a test gas well. The USGS just tested the water in the neighborhood.
We did a post on August 9 regarding USGS investigations of Pike County, Pennsylvania water wells, that revealed the Josh Fox firewater claims were largely bogus, there being plenty of methane in the water without any drilling nearby. Now comes a second USGS study done about the same time for Wayne County, Pennsylvania, which is next door and where Josh Fox has a weekend home (actually, his father does, and he uses it). Wayne County has no producing or recently tracked wells but it does have nine recently drilled test gas wells. This USGS study also reveals some interesting things contradicting the Josh Fox story.
The USGS tested 34 water wells from throughout the county in 2011 and 2013. Out of all these water wells, the closest to any gas drilling (Well Number 283) happened to be in Milanville, Pa. according to the map included (see below). It appears to be less than two miles from the Crum well which was drilled in 2010 by Newfield Exploration Co. as part of its assessment program, before the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) shut down everything by refusing to act on already prepared natural gas regulations and took away the mineral rights of landowners.
The Josh Fox fairy tale, of course, starts with a false narrative about him being a Milanville boy who got offered a $100,000 to allow drilling and turned it down, none of which is true. He was raised in New York City and was never offered $100,000.
I'm one of the people at risk here. I've got these gas wells a couple of hundred feet from my house. If I don't figure out how to stop this thing, I'm going to lose everything I have.
He couldn't help himself and arbitrarily reduced the one mile distance to a "couple of hundred feet," which is mild by comparison to other Josh Fox lies, but it's the "I'm going to lose everything I have" comment that is the more gross exaggeration. It is typical of what we here from fractivists, yet we know the Crum well was successfully drilled and Fox is still there. The well wasn't tracked, of course, but fracking has nothing to do with methane migration. If faucets were going to flame, it would have had to happen as a result of drilling or pre-existing conditions.
Unfortunately – for Josh Fox – the Milanville and other wells tested by the USGS showed methane in 22 of the 34 wells sampled (65%), but the methane in the water well nearest him and the Crum well, post-drilling, was below the detection limit, while the well with the highest methane level (3.3 mg/L) was found in Southern Wayne County, more than 10 miles from gas well. None of these methane levels are dangerous or likely to cause flaming faucets but, isn't it interesting that the one well closest to drilling had no detectable methane? Josh Fox lost nothing and gained everything by spinning his wild story.
The total dissolved solids concentration ranged from 33 to 346 mg/L; the median concentration was 126 mg/L. Sodium concentrations ranged from 1.07 to 116 mg/L; the median concentration was 9.42 mg/L. The sodium concentration exceeded the USEPA health advisory for sodium of 20 mg/L in water samples from 7 of the 34 wells (21 percent).
Concentrations of dissolved arsenic ranged from less than 0.06 to 21.8 micrograms per liter (μg/L); the median concentration was 0.59 μg/L. Water samples from 2 of the 34 wells (6 percent) exceeded the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 μg/L for arsenic. Concentrations of dissolved manganese ranged from less than 0.15 to 61.5 μg/L; the median concentration was 0.42 μg/L. A water sample from 1 of the 34 wells (3 percent) exceeded the USEPA SMCL of 50 μg/L for manganese; the concentration was less than the USEPA lifetime health advisory of 300 μg/L for manganese.
Activities of radon-222 in water from the 34 sampled wells ranged from 110 to 7,180 picocuries per liter (pCi/L); the median activity was 2,105 pCi/L. Water samples from 33 of the 34 wells (97 percent) exceeded the proposed USEPA MCL of 300 pCi/L, and 4 water samples (12 percent) exceeded the USEPA proposed alternative MCL of 4,000 pCi/L for radon-222.
Take notice of the radon, in particular. Some 97% of water samples exceeded a proposed new EPA standard for radon-222. Moreover, the three highest readings all came from Southern Wayne County, far removed from any drilling.
Looking at the USGS data as a whole, we don't see any major surprises and that's the point. There is a wide range of elements in the water, they occur all over the county and there is no correlation with drilling activity. Fracking has taken place yet, so there is no relationship to that either. Josh Fox said he'd lose everything and he didn't. Sadly, that doesn't make a headline or a polemic like Gasland, but the truth keeps dribbling out courtesy of the USGS and helpful guides such as this one. May it continue until Josh Fox is only a distant memory, the one-hit wonder kid who never scored again. We're two-thirds of the way there already.
Keep up the heat…and the honesty. Josh Fox has gotten away with so many lies and profiteered them that it's sickening. Here in Colorado, we just got a great compromise from the governor and and the anti's so we don't have to deal with fracking issues this November, so we can continue to "fuel" the Colorado economy, and environment, but there in NY, you need to keep the pressure on Gov "finger in the wind". Good luck and God Speed!
Wells plural?? Where? Fox can't be that concerned about the water as he just bought (April 21, 2014) Lots 8&9 totaling 13.64 acres for $57,000 just up the road from his father's property.
Exactly! It's obvious, isn't it? It's also worth remembering the Foxes got ticketed by Damascus Township for having a junky property at one point.
They received notices of violation on December 12, 2006 and again on August 8, 2010 – specifically for outside storage of junk not stored in a licensed junkyard and outside storage of mobile/manufactured home that is not in habitable condition. The August 2010 notice states, "the accumulation of rubbish which is unsanitary, or otherwise dangerous, to the health, safety, or general welfare of the occupants of the premises or the public." They received another notice of violation on March 4, 2011 after this was all burned but claimed it was arson.


text:
Oliver Ebenhöh
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf | HHU · Department of Biology
Publications 167
Additional affiliations
December 2013 - present
Junior Professor
July 2013 - December 2013
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
Division of Geomicrobiology
Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology
Professor (Full)
Manipulation of topoisomerase expression inhibits cell division but not growth and reveals a distinctive promoter structure in Synechocystis
Anna Behle
Maximilian Dietsch
Louis Goldschmidt
Rainer Machne
In cyanobacteria DNA supercoiling varies over the diurnal cycle and is integrated with temporal programs of transcription and replication. We manipulated DNA supercoiling in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by CRISPRi-based knockdown of gyrase subunits and overexpression of topoisomerase I (TopoI). Cell division was blocked but cell growth continued in a...
Approximating carbon fixation - how important is the Calvin-Benson cycle steady-state assumption?
Marvin van Aalst
Berkley J Walker
Plants use light energy to produce ATP and redox equivalents for metabolism. Since during the course of a day plants are exposed to constantly fluctuating light, the supply of ATP and redox equivalents is also fluctuating. Further, if the metabolism cannot use all of the supplied energy, the excess absorbed energy can damage the plant in the form o...
Stochastic modelling of a three-dimensional glycogen granule synthesis and impact of the branching enzyme
Yvan Rousset
Adélaïde Raguin
In humans, glycogen storage diseases result from metabolic inborn errors, and can lead to severe phenotypes and lethal conditions. Besides these rare diseases, glycogen is also associated to widely spread societal burdens such as diabetes. Glycogen is a branched glucose polymer synthesised and degraded by a complex set of enzymes. Over the past 50...
Growth Mechanics: General principles of optimal cellular resource allocation in balanced growth
Hugo Dourado
Wolfram Liebermeister
Martin J. Lercher
The physiology of biological cells evolved under physical and chemical constraints such as mass conservation, nonlinear reaction kinetics, and limits on cell density. For unicellular organisms, the fitness that governs this evolution is mainly determined by the balanced cellular growth rate. We previously introduced Growth Balance Analysis (GBA) as...
Kinetic modeling of the enzymes involved in animal fatty acid synthesis
Chilperic Armel Foko Kuate
Barbara M Bakker
The synthesis and modification of fatty acids from carbohydrates are paramount for the production of lipids. Simultaneously, lipids are pivotal energy storage in human health. They are associated with various metabolic diseases and their production pathways are for instance candidate therapeutic targets for cancer treatments. The fatty acid de novo...
Multiomics in the central Arctic Ocean for benchmarking biodiversity change
Thomas Mock
William Boulton
John Paul Balmonte
Katja Metfies
Multiomics approaches need to be applied in the central Arctic Ocean to benchmark biodiversity change and to identify novel species and their genes. As part of MOSAiC, EcoOmics will therefore be essential for conservation and sustainable bioprospecting in one of the least explored ecosystems on Earth.
Bioenergetics of the secondary metabolites production in photosynthetic glandular trichomes
Nima P Saadat
Anna Matuszyńska
Several commercially important secondary metabolites are produced and accumulated in high amounts by glandular trichomes (GTs), giving the prospect of exploiting trichomes as metabolic cell factories. Due to extremely high metabolic fluxes through GT particular attention was drawn to how they are achieved. The question regarding bioenergetics of th...
Interrogating the effect of enzyme kinetics on metabolism using differentiable constraint-based models
St Elmo Wilken
Mathieu Besançon
Miroslav Kratochvíl
Metabolic models are typically characterized by a large number of parameters. Traditionally, metabolic control analysis is applied to differential equation-based models to investigate the sensitivity of predictions to parameters. A corresponding theory for constraint-based models is lacking, due to their formulation as optimization problems. Here,...
St. Elmo Wilken
Designing synthetic communities with organism-free modular computational models
Matias D. Zurbriggen
Ilka M. Axmann
Synthetic biology designs and constructs new biological parts, devices and systems with predetermined functionalities. With the unlimited ability to synthesise any DNA and RNA and transfer it to almost any organism, we are at the dawn of a new era in which biology is being recreated in ways never before possible. It has reached a maturity level tha...
Network Reconstruction and Modelling Made Reproducible with moped
Mathematical modeling of metabolic networks is a powerful approach to investigate the underlying principles of metabolism and growth. Such approaches include, among others, differential-equation-based modeling of metabolic systems, constraint-based modeling and metabolic network expansion of metabolic networks. Most of these methods are well establ...
COBREXA.jl: constraint-based reconstruction and exascale analysis
Laurent Heirendt
Wei Gu
COBREXA.jl is a Julia package for scalable, high-performance constraint-based reconstruction and analysis of very large-scale biological models. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the integration of modern high performance computing environments with the processing and analysis of large-scale metabolic models of challenging complexity. We report...
Computational Analysis of Alternative Photosynthetic Electron Flows Linked With Oxidative Stress
Tim Nies
During photosynthesis, organisms respond to their energy demand and ensure the supply of energy and redox equivalents that sustain metabolism. Hence, the photosynthetic apparatus can, and in fact should, be treated as an integrated supply-demand system. Any imbalance in the energy produced and consumed can lead to adverse reactions, such as the pro...
Uncoupling of the Diurnal Growth Program by Artificial Genome Relaxation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
In cyanobacteria DNA supercoiling varies over the diurnal light/dark cycle and is integrated with temporal programs of transcription and replication. We manipulated DNA supercoiling in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by CRISPRi-based knock-down of gyrase subunits and overexpression of topoisomerase I, and characterized the phenotypes. Cell division was...
The view of microbes as energy converters illustrates the trade-off between growth rate and yield
Victor Vera Frazão
The application of thermodynamics to microbial growth has a long tradition that originated in the middle of the 20th century. This approach reflects the view that self-replication is a thermodynamic process that is not fundamentally different from mechanical thermodynamics. The key distinction is that a free energy gradient is not converted into me...
Chlorophyll fluorescence: How the quality of information about PAM instrument parameters may affect our research
Yuxi Niu
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is a powerful indicator of photosynthetic energy conversion in plants and photosynthetic microorganisms. One of the most widely used measurement techniques is Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Unfortunately, parameter settings of PAM instruments are often not completely described in scientific articles althoug...
Constructing and analysing dynamic models with modelbase v1.2.3: a software update
Background Computational mathematical models of biological and biomedical systems have been successfully applied to advance our understanding of various regulatory processes, metabolic fluxes, effects of drug therapies, and disease evolution and transmission. Unfortunately, despite community efforts leading to the development of SBML and the BioMod...
The application of thermodynamics to microbial growth has a long tradition that originated in the middle of the 20 th century. This approach reflects the view that self-replication is a thermodynamic process that is not fundamentally different from mechanical thermodynamics. The key distinction is that a free energy gradient is not converted into m...
From sequence to information: From Sequence to Information
Ovidiu Popa
Ellen Oldenburg
Today massive amounts of sequenced metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from different ecological niches and environmental locations are available. Scientific progress depends critically on methods that allow extracting useful information from the various types of sequence data. Here, we will first discuss types of information contained in the v...
moped - A Python package for metabolic modelling and topological analysis
Background Mathematical modeling of metabolic networks is a powerful approach to investigate the underlying principles of metabolism and growth. Such approaches include, amongst others, differential equations based modeling of metabolic systems, constraint based modeling and topological analysis of metabolic networks. Most of these methods are well...
From sequence to information
One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'. Today massive amounts of sequenced metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from different ecological niches and environmental locations are available. Scientific progress depends critically on methods that allow extracting useful information from th...
Constructing and analysing dynamic models with modelbase v1.0 - a software update
Background Computational mathematical models of biological and biomedical systems have been successfully applied to advance our understanding of various regulatory processes, metabolic fluxes, effects of drug therapies and disease evolution or transmission. Unfortunately, despite community efforts leading to the development of SBML or the BioModels...
Theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the biosynthesis of starch granules in a physiological context
Barbara Pfister
Samuel C. Zeeman
Michael Rugen
Starch, a plant-derived insoluble carbohydrate composed of glucose polymers, is the principal carbohydrate in our diet and a valuable raw material for industry. The properties of starch depend on the arrangement of glucose units within the constituent polymers. However, key aspects of starch structure and the underlying biosynthetic processes are n...
Thermodynamic Limits and Optimality of Microbial Growth
Understanding microbial growth with the use of mathematical models has a long history that dates back to the pioneering work of Jacques Monod in the 1940s. Monod's famous growth law expressed microbial growth rate as a simple function of the limiting nutrient concentration. However, to explain growth laws from underlying principles is extremely cha...
Are Microbes Thermodynamically Optimised Self-Reproducing Machines?
To understand microbial growth with mathematical models has a long tradition that dates back to the pioneering work of Jacques Monod in the 1940s. Growth laws are simple mathematical expressions that aim at describing growth rates of microbes as functions of external parameters, in particular nutrient concentrations. These laws are now widely appli...
Today massive amounts of sequenced metagenomic and -transcriptomic data from different ecological niches and environmental locations are available. Scientific progress depends critically on methods that allow extracting useful information from the various types of sequence data. Here, we will first discuss types of information contained in the vari...
Optimal efficiency of the Q-cycle mechanism around physiological temperatures from an open quantum systems approach
Francesco Tacchino
Antonella Succurro
Dario Gerace
The Q-cycle mechanism entering the electron and proton transport chain in oxygenic photosynthesis is an example of how biological processes can be efficiently investigated with elementary microscopic models. Here we address the problem of energy transport across the cellular membrane from an open quantum system theoretical perspective. We model the...
An integrative approach to investigate natural variation in the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Suraj Sharma
Stanislav Kopriva
Glucosinolates are a fascinating class of specialised metabolites found in the plants of Brassicacea family. The variation in glucosinolate composition across different Arabidopsis ecotypes could be a result of allelic compositions at different biosynthetic loci. The contribution of methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAM) genes to diversity of glucosi...
A single-input binary counting module based on serine integrase site-specific recombination
Jia Zhao
Alexandra V Pokhilko
Sean D Colloms
A device that counts and records the number of events experienced by an individual cell could have many uses in experimental biology and biotechnology. Here, we report a DNA-based 'latch' that switches between two states upon each exposure to a repeated stimulus. The key component of the latch is a DNA segment whose orientation is inverted by the a...
Balancing energy supply during photosynthesis - a theoretical perspective
The photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) provides energy and redox equivalents for carbon fixation by the Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham (CBB) cycle. Both of these processes have been thoroughly investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms are well known. However, it is far from understood by which mechanisms it is ensured that energy and...
Emergent Subpopulation Behavior Uncovered with a Community Dynamic Metabolic Model of Escherichia coli Diauxic Growth
Daniel Segrè
Escherichia coli diauxie is a fundamental example of metabolic adaptation, a phenomenon that is not yet completely understood. Further insight into this process can be achieved by integrating experimental and computational modeling methods. We present a dynamic metabolic modeling approach that captures diauxie as an emergent property of subpopulati...
The photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) provides energy and redox equivalents for carbon fixation by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Both of these processes have been thoroughly investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms are well known. However, it is far from understood by which mechanisms it is ensured that energy and...
Building Mathematical Models of Biological Systems with modelbase
The modelbase package is a free expandable Python package for building and analysing dynamic mathematical models of biological systems. Originally it was designed for the simulation of metabolic systems, but it can be used for virtually any deterministic chemical processes. modelbase provides easy construction methods to define reactions and their...
Emergent sub-population behavior uncovered with a community dynamic metabolic model of Escherichia coli diauxic growth
Microbes have adapted to greatly variable environments in order to survive both short-term perturbations and permanent changes. A classical, yet still actively studied example of adaptation to dynamic environments is the diauxic shift of Escherichia coli , in which cells grow on glucose until its exhaustion, and then transition to using previously...
Evaluating potential of green alga Chlorella vulgaris to accumulate phosphorus and to fertilize nutrient-poor soil substrates for crop plants
Christina M. Kuchendorf
Henning Schiedung
Lucy Harrison
Ladislav Nedbal
Algae are capable of accumulating nutrients from aqueous waste, which makes them a potential fertilizer. The ability of the fast growing Chlorella vulgaris strain IPPAS C1 to accumulate phosphorus (P) was probed in V-shaped plastic foil photobioreactors. The P uptake was 0.13–0.53 g(P)·m⁻²·day⁻¹ when the algal culture densities were kept between 0....
The intertwined metabolism during symbiotic nitrogen fixation elucidated by metabolic modelling
Thomas Pfau
Nils Christian
Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
Genome-scale metabolic network models can be used for various analyses including the prediction of metabolic responses to changes in the environment. Legumes are well known for their rhizobial symbiosis that introduces nitrogen into the global nutrient cycle. Here, we describe a fully compartmentalised, mass and charge-balanced, genome-scale model...
Supplementary Material 1
Open quantum system approach to the Q-cycle mechanism in electron energy transport through cellular membranes
The Q-cycle mechanism entering the electron and proton transport chain in oxygenic photosynthesis is a paradigmatic example of how biological processes can be efficiently investigated with elementary microscopic models. Here we address the problem of energy transport across the cellular membrane from an open quantum system theoretical perspective....
Building mathematical models of biological systems with modelbase, a Python package for semi-automatic ODE assembly and construction of isotope-specific models
Mathematical model of a serine integrase-controlled toggle switch with a single input
W. Marshall Stark
Sean D. Colloms
Dual-state genetic switches that can change their state in response to input signals can be used in synthetic biology to encode memory and control gene expression. A transcriptional toggle switch (TTS), with two mutually repressing transcription regulators, was previously used for switching between two expression states. In other studies, serine in...
Supplementary figures, table and model code
Data-driven dynamical model indicates that the heat shock response in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is tailored to handle natural temperature variation
Stefano Magni
Alexander Skupin
Global warming exposes plants to severe heat stress, with consequent crop yield reduction. Organisms exposed to high temperature stresses typically protect themselves with a heat shock response (HSR), where accumulation of unfolded proteins initiates the synthesis of heat shock proteins through the heat shock transcription factor HSF1. While the mo...
Modelling phosphorus uptake in microalgae
Dipali Singh
Phosphorus (P) is an essential non-renewable nutrient that frequently limits plant growth. It is the foundation of modern agriculture and, to a large extent, demand for P is met from phosphate rock deposits which are limited and becoming increasingly scarce. Adding an extra stroke to this already desolate picture is the fact that a high percentage...
Review and perspective on mathematical modeling of microbial ecosystems
Question: An ecosystem is a complex network of dynamic spatio-temporal interactions among organisms as well as between organisms and the environment. Mathematical models with their abstraction capability are essential to capture the underlying phenomena and connect the different scales at which these systems act. Differential equation models and c...
The importance of the photosynthetic Gibbs effect in the elucidation of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle
Stephanie Spelberg
The photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, or Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, is now contained in every standard biochemistry textbook. Although the cycle was already proposed in 1954, it is still the subject of intense research, and even the structure of the cycle, i.e. the exact series of reactions, is still under debate. The controversy about...
Dynamics of the Bacterial Community Associated with Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cultures
Fiona Moejes
Abstract:The pennate diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutumis a model organism able to synthesizeindustrially-relevant molecules. Commercial-scale cultivation currently requires large monocultures,prone to bio-contamination. However, little is known about the identity of the invading organisms.To reduce the complexity of natural systems, we systematically...
The pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model organism able to synthesize industrially-relevant molecules. Commercial-scale cultivation currently requires large monocultures, prone to bio-contamination. However, little is known about the identity of the invading organisms. To reduce the complexity of natural systems, we systematically inv...
The importance of the photosynthetic Gibbs effect in the elucidation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle
The photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, or Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle, is now contained in every standard biochemistry textbook. Although the cycle was already proposed in 1954, it is still subject of intense research, and even the structure of the cycle, i.e. the exact series of reactions, is still under debate. The controversy about the cycle...
Design starch: Stochastic modeling of starch granule biogenesis
Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants and the main source of carbohydrate in the human diet. Owing to its remarkable properties and commercial applications, starch is still of growing interest. Its unique granular structure made of intercalated layers of amylopectin and amylose has been unraveled thanks to recent...
A Diverse Community To Study Communities: Integration of Experiments and Mathematical Models To Study Microbial Consortia
The last few years have seen the advancement of high-throughput experimental techniques produce an extraordinary amount of data. Bioinformatics and statistical analyses have become instrumental to interpreting the information coming from e.g. sequencing data, and often motivate further targeted experiments. The broad discipline of "computational bi...
A systems-wide understanding of photosynthetic acclimation in algae and higher plants
Kailash Adhikari
The ability of phototrophs to colonise different environments relies on robust protection against oxidative stress, a critical requirement for the successful evolutionary transition from water to land. Photosynthetic organisms have developed numerous strategies to adapt their photosynthetic apparatus to changing light conditions in order to optimis...
A Mathematical Model Of Bacteria Capable Of Complete Oxidation Of Ammonium Predicts Improved Nitrogen Removal And Reduced Production Of Nitrous Oxide
A simplified mathematical model of directional DNA site-specific recombination by serine integrases
Serine integrases catalyse site-specific recombination to integrate and excise bacteriophage genomes into and out of their host's genome. These enzymes exhibit remarkable directionality; in the presence of the integrase alone, recombination between attP and attB DNA sites is efficient and irreversible, giving attL and attR products which do not rec...
Supplementary figure S1, Table S1 and Matlab code of the model
Impact of alternate wetting and drying on rice physiology, grain production, and grain quality
Adam Price
Gareth J. Norton
David E. Salt
William J. Davies
Dynamical modelling of the heat shock response in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Global warming is exposing plants to more frequent heat stress, with consequent crop yield reduction. Organisms exposed to large temperature increases protect themselves typically with a heat shock response (HSR). To study the HSR in photosynthetic organisms we present here a data driven mathematical model describing the dynamics of the HSR in the...
Modelling Robust Feedback Control Mechanisms That Ensure Reliable Coordination of Histone Gene Expression with DNA Replication
Andrea Christopher
Heike Hameister
Holly Corrigall
Ekkehard Ullner
Histone proteins are key elements in the packing of eukaryotic DNA into chromosomes. A little understood control system ensures that histone gene expression is balanced with DNA replication so that histone proteins are produced in appropriate amounts. Disturbing or disrupting this system affects genome stability and gene expression, and has detrime...
S1 Fig
H2B-GFP expression does not affect the cell cycle of U2OS cells. U2OS cells transfected with plasmids pEGFP- H2B (H2B-GFP) or pEGFP (GFP) were subjected to antibiotic selection to produce stable lines. Asynchronous growing cells were pulse labelled with BrdU for 30 min, fixed, and then stained with 7-AAD to measure DNA replication and content. Stai...
S1 File
Parameterisation details. (PDF)
The post processing of the flow cytometry data from synchronised cell cultures to derive the V5 time course for the mathematical model. (PDF)
The data analysis of the Northern Blots and the derivation of the degradation constants for the mathematical model. (PDF)
The pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model organism able to synthesise industrially-relevant molecules. Large-scale monocultures are prone to bio-contamination, however, little is known about the identity of the invading organisms. To gain insight into the bacterial community associated with diatoms, we translated the complexity of a n...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bde/wpaper/2030.html
Macroeconomics, firm dynamics and IPOs
Beatriz González
(Banco de España)
Beatriz Gonzalez
This paper extends a model of firm dynamics to incorporate heterogeneous privately held and publicly traded firms facing different financial frictions, and the decision to become publicly traded (Initial Public Offering, or IPO) is endogenous. This allows changes in the economic environment to affect these firms differently, impacting the selection into becoming publicly traded, and its macroeconomic outcomes. Firms are born privately held and small due to financial frictions. They finance investment with internal resources and debt and have the choice to go public (IPO). The main trade-off is access to external equity financing, at a one-off cost of IPO and an increased cost of operation. The calibrated model is successful in capturing the size distribution of firms, the share of publicly traded firms, and the dynamics around the IPO date. The decrease in corporate and dividend taxes experienced from the 1970s to the 1990s benefited more publicly traded firms financing with equity at the margin. This helps explaining the stock market boom, and the observed changes in the characteristics of firms going public, their investment and payout behavior. I perform some counterfactual exercises to understand what could be the reasons behind the decrease in publicly traded firms since the 2000s: increased cost of being public, increased access to debt, or changes in the idiosyncratic shock process. I find these changes are consistent with part (though not all) of the changes in IPO choice, payout and investment behavior of publicly traded firms in this period.
Beatriz González, 2020. "Macroeconomics, firm dynamics and IPOs," Working Papers 2030, Banco de España.
Handle: RePEc:bde:wpaper:2030
File URL: https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosTrabajo/20/Files/dt2030e.pdf
File Function: First version, October 2020
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firm life cycle; macroeconomics; fiscal policy; corporate finance; IPO;
D25 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy
H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
NEP-CFN-2020-11-02 (Corporate Finance)
NEP-DGE-2020-11-02 (Dynamic General Equilibrium)
NEP-ENT-2020-11-02 (Entrepreneurship)
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First player commitments for the 2019 PGA TOUR Champions American Family Insurance Championship are announced.
Steve Stricker, a Madison resident and native of nearby Edgerton, won three times on PGA TOUR Champions in 2018, while also playing on the PGA TOUR. He continued his consistent play in major championships, finishing 20th at the 2018 U. S. Open. Stricker has 12 wins on the PGA TOUR and continues to play on both tours this year, while preparing as captain of the 2020 U.S. Ryder Cup team.
Jerry Kelly is 3-time winner on PGA TOUR Champions, with 18 other top-10 finishes, in just his third year on the tour. He earned Rookie of the Year honors in 2017. Last season, he finished fourth on the tour's season-long Charles Schwab Cup competition. Kelly has also won twice on the PGA TOUR.
Scott McCarron claimed last year's American Family Insurance Championship in an exciting finish with many of the tour's top players, winning by a stroke over Kelly and two strokes over Stricker, 2017 champion Fred Couples and Colin Montgomerie. McCarron has eight wins on PGA TOUR Champions and three wins on the PGA TOUR. He finished second in last year's Charles Schwab Cup.
Kirk Triplett returns to the American Family Championship after not playing in last year's event to attend the college graduation of his son. He won the 2016 championship with a final 9-hole charge that outlasted Bart Bryant and Mike Goodes by two strokes. Triplett earned his 7th PGA TOUR Champions win with his victory at this year's Hoag Classic. He has three wins on the PGA TOUR.


First, apologies for the long delay! Finally having some free time, I decided to get out and have a look (and take some photos of course) at how the construction of the new Tokyo Tower (named the 'Tokyo Sky Tree') is coming along, then head to the original Tokyo Tower so I could compare the two. A bit premature perhaps as the Tokyo Sky Tree is only half finished, but even so, it's not that hard to visualize what it'll be like upon completion.
Overall it's an impressive bit of architecture, and will no doubt be even more so when it's done, but there are still a few things that need to be said. Ok so the name. Who is responsible for the horrible moniker 'Tokyo Sky Tree'? I did some research and apparently this is the name that the general population chose in a vote. The names they had to choose from? Tokyo Edo Tower, Tokyo Sky Tree, Mirai Tree, Yume Miyagura, Rising East Tower and Rising Tower. Wow... I guess given the names they had to choose from, choosing Tokyo Sky Tree is just making the best out of a bad situtation, although 'Edo Tower', not 'Tokyo Edo Tower' doesn't sound too bad.
Another small problem in my mind is the shape. Unlike the original Tokyo Tower which has a square base, the base of the Tokyo Sky Tree is triangular. Then as it rises, the shape gradually becomes circular. Very cool and space age looking in theory yes, but when taking pictures of it I noticed that due to this shape, the tower tends to look slightly crooked unless you're looking at it face on.
It's hard to believe, but even unfinished the Tokyo Sky Tree is already almost as tall as the original Tokyo Tower. When it's completed it'll stand at almost double its height, at 634 meters compared with Tokyo Tower's 332.5 meters.
So why even build a new tower? Apparently the old Tokyo Tower is no longer high enough to broadcast a complete digital signal when there are so many new and taller buildings around it.
The old Tokyo Tower is right next to Shiba park and Zojo-ji temple which make great viewing areas, and the red colour definitely gives it character.
It's nice to finally have the means to take some decent pictures of Tokyo Tower now that I own a dSLR camera and a wide enough lens. Before, when I shot with my old digicam's narrow field of view, I could never get right up to the tower and get the whole thing into a picture.
Tokyo Tower definitely looks great from the outside, but give going up to the observation deck a miss. I've been up twice, and both times I was severely underwhelmed. You can get a better and higher view for free in many of Tokyo's skyscrapers, or you can pay 800 yen to go up to the observatory (1600 yen if you want to go up to the second observatory) to get a ho-hum view and be surrounded by shops selling very tacky merchandise, your choice.
Maybe it's all the construction around the Tokyo Sky Tree, maybe it's the fact that the area it's being built in (Oshiage) isn't much to look at itself, maybe it's the boring white colour, but except for height, the Tokyo Sky Tree hasn't got much on Tokyo Tower, at least so far. No doubt it'll look much better in 2012 (the completion date) when they get rid of all the construction mess and Oshiage reinvents itself from an ugly little suburb to something hopefully along the lines of Roppongi Hills. Any chance of giving it a coat of paint though?


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