text:
Q: Python C-extention levels of indirection I am trying to write a simple python extention in C. However, it keeps throwing these errors about levels of indirection when I try to compile the setup.py. I am quite a noob at C, but after error googling for some time I think there is something wrong with the pointers. Only I have no idea which pointers! Can someone please help me.
This is the C:
#include <Python.h>

static PyObject *exmod_devide(PyObject *self, PyObject *args){
    double a, b;

    // parse the data
    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, 'dd', &a, &b)){  // this is line 7, which throws the first two errors.
        return NULL;
    }
    else{
        return PyFloat_FromDouble(a/b);
    }
}

static PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
    { "devide", exmod_devide, METH_VARARGS, "Method for deviding two values" },
    { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
};

PyMODINIT_FUNC init_exmod(void){
    return PyModule_Create(&module_functions);  // this is line 21, which throws the next two errors
}

For good measure I included the setup.py
from distutils.core import Extension, setup

module1 = Extension('exmod', sources=['exmodmodule.c'])

setup(name='exmod', ext_modules=[module1,])

This is the error:
exmodmodule.c(7): warning C4047: 'function': 'const char *' differs in levels of indirection from 'int'
exmodmodule.c(7): warning C4024: 'PyArg_ParseTuple': different types for formal and actual parameter 2
exmodmodule.c(21): warning C4047: 'function': 'PyModuleDef *' differs in levels of indirection from 'PyMethodDef (*)[2]'
exmodmodule.c(21): warning C4024: 'PyModule_Create2': different types for formal and actual parameter 1

A:
exmodmodule.c(7): warning C4024: 'PyArg_ParseTuple': different types for formal and actual parameter 2

That tells you all you need to know.  Let's look at parameter 2:
PyArg_ParseTuple(args, 'dd', &a, &b)

The 2nd parameter is 'dd', and you've contracted language dyslexia dysphoria.  In C, unlike Python, strings are always in double quotes. You want
PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "dd", &a, &b)

As a technical matter, 'dd' is, in C, an integer constant formed by the ASCII values of 'd'.  Since a lowercase 'd' is 0x64, naturally that integer is 0x6464.  Some compilers sometimes warn about multi-character integer constants, but they're still part of the language.


Aus der Ferne illuminates the Romanticism and lyricism of this great master. By combining string quartets with lieder arranged for string quartet, the members of the Signum Quartett aim to show how Schubert's instrumental and vocal music cross-pollinate each other.
The Signum Quartet plays an excerpt from Péter Louis van Dijks "iinyembezi" – live in the U21-VERNETZT-Studio.
The Signum Quartet plays an excerpt from Jörg Widmann's String Quartet No. 3 "Jagdquartett" – live in the U21-VERNETZT-Studio.


Узнайте об основных особенностях и технических характеристиках для Steam&Go 2-in-1 Ручной отпариватель для одежды GC332/80. Dark Steam Division, Houghton le Spring. 280 likes · 9 talking about this · 4 were here. Freshly Ground Coffee and Speciality Tea Served from A Swanky. Blinding Dark is a First Person Adventure horror game. Complete puzzles, collect items and power-ups, fight enemies and do your best to.
Поиск. Ник. STEAM ID. Точное совпадение Частичное совпадение. Причина.
Ссылка на взломаный Steam :http:// 18742 Ссылка на DarkSteam :http:// Если не.
. Cheats For Days is back with a brand new video, how to get a lot of steam games for free.
No specific info about version 4.1. Please visit the main page of DarkSteam on Software Informer. Comments on DarkSteam..
DARK is a unique stealth-action game with RPG elements in which you take on the role of the ultimate hunter: a vampire. Ambush your enemies from the&nbsp.
Народ что это такое что за Dark Steam? Темный пар такой. А по сути очередной трекер, в котором люди обмениваются пиратскими игрушками. Правда с вкусняшками типа чятиков, форумиков.
Remember Gsteam? Well we are back with more power and with a great new name DarkSteam. Now you can download 1.6, cz, hl1. (only valve and popcap games..


Abdominoplasty consists of removing excess skin and abdominal fat and correcting muscular flaccidity, in order to achieve a flatter, more firm abdomen, and a narrower waist.
Before abdominoplasty: The incision is situated above the pubic area in order to be able to remove the excess of skin and fat.
The skin is separated from the abdominal wall, up to the ribs.
The muscles and tissue of the abdominal wall are brought closer in order to achieve a narrower and longer waist.
The excess skin is removed; in complex abdominoplasty procedures the navel is placed in a new position.
After abdomnoplasty: the abdomen is flatter and narrower. The scars, although permanent, become less visible over time.
Would you be a good candidate for an abdominoplasty procedure?
If you are worried about the accumulation of fat and an excess of skin in the abdominal area and you have not seen any improvement from dieting and physical exercise, you could be a good candidate. Women who have had several pregnancies, and who have trouble getting their flat stomach or smooth skin back, are also good candidates.
If you are extremely overweight you should wait and lose weight before undergoing an abdominoplasty.
Abdominoplasty surgery normally takes between 2 and 3 hours and is performed under general anesthesia. It is performed through a long incision from one hip to the other, just above the pubic area, and a second incision around the navel, in order to separate the surrounding tissues.
The skin is then upwardly separated from the abdominal wall until the ribs are reached, exposing the abdominal muscles. These muscles are tensed and united in a middle line, to achieve a firmer abdominal wall and a narrower waist. The separated skin is stretched in the direction of the pubic area and the excess skin is then removed. The navel is then placed in its new position.
Finally, stitches are made and a bandage is placed around the area with a temporary drainage tube to eliminate the excess of fluids that may accumulate.
During the first few days after an abdominoplasty procedure, normally the abdomen is swollen and you may notice some discomfort and pain that will be controlled with medication. Depending on the extension of the surgery, you will stay in the hospital for one or two days. At first it is not advisable to stretch out completely but you should start walking as soon as you can.
The external stitches in the skin will be removed between 5 and 7 days; the internal stitches in 2 or 3 weeks. You will need to wear an abdominal binder for one month (day and night), which will help to reduce abdominal swelling. If you are in good health before the operation, recovery from an abdominoplasty procedure will be quick.
Normally you will be able to go back to work between 2 and 4 weeks after the procedure. Physical exercise will help you to recover faster, and will help to reduce the swelling, lower the risk of blood clotting, and tone muscles. However, you should avoid strenuous activity.
You will have to wait 9 months to one year for the scar to flatten and lighten. The scar, although permanent, will not be visible even if you wear a bikini or bathing suit.
Abdominoplasty provides excellent results in patients whose abdominal muscles are debilitated and who have an excess of skin and fat. In most cases the results are definitive, if they are accompanied by a balanced diet and regular exercise.
Find out more about abdominoplasty in Barcelona.


Parents/guardians – Just a reminder that tomorrow is the last day to get your FundScrip Gift Card orders in! Thank you for your support of this school fundraiser!
Our first collection day for FundScrip Gift Card orders is tomorrow, Oct. 3! Be sure to get your orders in! Our next (and final) collection day will be next Wed. Oct. 10. Thank you for supporting this major fundraiser which helps to support extra-curricular activities at our school.
Please join me in supporting the Terry Fox School Run!


text:
Coventry and Warwickshire business base is innovative
A new report has shown Coventry and Warwickshire's business base to be among the most innovative in the country.
Jenny Waddington-COV
But according to the findings, even more can be done to build on the strengths of the region.
The report - Driving Growth - was undertaken by Centre for Cities for the Coventry and Warwickshire Local Enterprise Partnership.
It calls for the creation of a new Business Innovation and Growth Hub to provide practical support that firms need to help them grow.
The research highlights the potential for growth in a range of local industries and highlights a 'sustained specialisation' in automotive research and development and manufacturing – which is at the centre of the City Deal bid to Government.
The report shows investment in research and development in Coventry and Warwickshire is twice the UK average and strong partnerships have also been built up between the business community, local universities and other specialist organisations which drive knowledge exchange and generate fresh ideas.
But the research suggests more can be done to build on these strengths - both through a focus on building existing partnerships to drive innovation, and by increasing growth opportunities through supply chains.
The Business Innovation and Growth Hub could help to extend partnerships across the private and public sector, broker new relationships between businesses and universities, encourage supply chain development and offer stronger support for fast growing businesses.
Alexandra Jones, chief executive of Centre for Cities said: "Our analysis of the Coventry and Warwickshire economy shows that, whilst it performs very well against the national average in knowledge creating industries, much more can be done to utilise these assets.
"Coventry and Warwickshire should play to its strengths by encouraging both better knowledge sharing and collaboration, and encouraging procurement, to support all business across the region to attract investment and grow."
Dr Richard Hutchins, board lead member for skills on the LEP, said: "This is an extremely interesting and valuable piece of research. It underlines just what we have highlighted in our City Deal bid – that with the right development, there is massive growth potential in our engineering and manufacturing sector. A growth hub would focus on targeting the advanced manufacturing and engineering sector with aspirations to innovate and grow so that the area can increase and improve its productivity.
"There clearly is very good work currently being undertaken, but we need to offer more joined up support, so we can more effectively build on the assets we possess."
Bristol City table third bid that could pave way for Coventry City transfer
Coventry City transfer news from CoventryLive as the Sky Blues wait to see if the deadline day cards will fall in their favour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In a hot saucepan add a splash of water . Add the onion, garlic and ginger and saute for two minutes. Add the curry powder, cinnamon, turmeric, allspice and eight crushed cardamom pods and stir. Add the cooked brown lentils, whole food coconut milk and one cup of water. Add salt to taste. Simmer for 5 minutes. Add two cups of peas, one grated zucchini and one grated carrot. Stir well and bring back to the boil. Serve topped with shredded coconut and the juice of one lemon.
Heat the oven to 200°C. Add half a cup of rice flour to a bowl, add the cajun spice and vegetable stock powder, then whisk together well. Add half a cup of soya milk and whisk to make a batter, then set aside. Place the cauliflower florets into the batter and mix well to coat all the cauliflower. Place the florets onto a tray lined with greaseproof paper ensuring that all of the pieces are not touching each other. Place the tray into the oven at 200°C to cook for about 15 to 20 minutes.
To Make the coleslaw: Place the chopped garlic, grated carrot, shredded kale, shredded cabbage and avocado chunks into a bowl. Add one handful of finely chopped fresh coriander, one finely sliced red chilli (optional) and one finely chopped garlic clove. Squeeze in the juice of one lime. Massage the avocado into the salad and mix well.
To serve: Place the salad onto a board or platter and top with the roasted cajun cauliflower. Finish with some fresh coriander leaves and serve.


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N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) Capsules | 500mg | 120 Count
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What is N-Acetyl L-Cysteine?N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) is a naturally occurring compound within the body. However, it is considered a semi-essential amino acid as it is produced by the body through other amino acids, specifically methionine. NAC is not...
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) Capsules | 500mg | 240 Count
Cognitive Compounds
What is Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR)?ALCAR also has superior bioavailability over normal L-carnitine and costs considerably more to manufacture. It is the attached acetyl group that makes ALCAR a powerful cognitive enhancer and neuroprotective agent...
Creatine HCl Capsules | 500mg | 240 Count
Muscle Empire
What are Creatine HCL Capsules?Creatine HCL may increase the overall pool of Creatine and phosphocreatine in the cells resulting in improved regeneration of ADP to ATP conversions and increases cellular energy storage. This increase may provide...
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) Capsules | 750 mg | 250 count
What Are GABA Capsules?Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a required inhibitory neurotransmitter that blocks the transmission of a nerve impulse from one cell to another in the central nervous system. This inhibitory mechanic prevents the over-firing of...
Creatine HCl Powder
What is Creatine HCL Powder?Creatine HCL may increase the overall pool of Creatine and phosphocreatine in the cells resulting in improved regeneration of ADP to ATP conversions and increases cellular energy storage. This increase may provide...
L-Theanine Capsules | 200mg | 180 Count
What Are L-Theanine Capsules?The amino acid L-Theanine is found in both green and black tea leaves as well as small amounts in Bay Bolete mushrooms. The amino acid can be extracted from both green and black tea. L-Theanine has shown to assist with...
D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) Capsules | 3000mg | 240 Count
What Are D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) Capsules?D-Aspartic acid is an enantiomer of the amino acid Aspartate. The common dietary enantiomer of Aspartate is L-Aspartate. L-Aspartate is a non-essential amino acid and can be incorporated into protein structures,...
BCAA 2:1:1 Capsules | 3000mg | 250 Count
What is BCAA 2:1:1?Branched-Chain Amino Acids, better known as BCAAs, are a set of three essential amino acids, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, which help your body to build muscle, repair muscle damage,...
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What is Beta-Alanine Powder?Beta-Alanine is a modified version of the non-essential amino acid Alanine. However, Beta-Alanine is one of the non-essential amino acids that the body does not use to synthesize protein; instead, it produces carnosine,...
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What is BCAA 2:1:1 Instantized Powder?Branched-Chain Amino Acids, better known as BCAAs, are a set of three essential amino acids, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, which helps the body to build muscle,...
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What is L-Citrulline?L-Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid produced by the body that provides the following benefits, prolonged muscle protein synthesis, muscle growth, and recovery after training. The advantages afforded are a result of elevated...
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) Powder
What Is NALT Powder?N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine, or NALT for short, is a modified formulation of a non-essential amino acid comprised of L-Tyrosine and acetic acid. Our bodies naturally produce L-Tyrosine which helps to create dopamine, adrenaline and...
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What Is L-Tryptophan?L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid. It is necessary for human life as our bodies do not synthesize this amino acid and must be taken in by our diet. Many amino acids are building blocks for protein biosynthesis, and...
DMAE L-Bitartrate Powder
What is DMAE L-Bitartrate?DMAE Bitartrate, also known as Dimethylaminoethanol, N, N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, or more commonly deanol, is a naturally occurring choline analog antioxidant. This choline analog antioxidant is produced naturally in the body...
L-Theanine Powder
What Is L-Theanine Powder?The amino acid L-Theanine is found in both green and black tea leaves as well as small amounts in Bay Bolete mushrooms. The amino acid can be extracted from both green and black tea. L-Theanine has shown to potentially...
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What is L-Arginine Powder?L-Arginine is a versatile amino acid serving as a precursor for the manufacturing of proteins, nitric oxide, urea, glutamate, and creatine in the body. Increased L-Arginine in the body may lead to an increase of Nitric Oxide...
D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) Powder
What Is D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) Powder?D-Aspartic acid is an enantiomer of the amino acid Aspartate. The common dietary enantiomer of Aspartate is L-Aspartate. L-Aspartate is a non-essential amino acid and can be incorporated into protein structures,...
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) Powder
What Is GABA Powder?Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a required inhibitory neurotransmitter that blocks the transmission of a nerve impulse from one cell to another in the central nervous system. This inhibitory mechanic prevents the over-firing of...
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC) Powder
What is Taurine Powder?Taurine is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid found in meat and fish. Some studies suggest that it works together with L-Glycine and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) to function as a neuro inhibitory transmitter. Other...
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What is L-Glycine Powder?Glycine is a non-essential amino acid necessary in the formation of muscle tissue. Glycine also helps the body convert glucose into energy. It also assists in the regulation of blood sugar levels, essential for a healthy and...
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What is L-Lysine?Lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning that it is vital to human health but is not created within the body. Due to the body's inability to produce Lysine, it must be obtained from either food, supplements, or both. In the body,...
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text:
Targeting substance abuse in Lancaster, Depew
$625,000 in federal funding over five years will be used to hire staff and support programs for the group known as FOCUS.
Author: WGRZ Staff
Published: 11:24 PM EST January 14, 2020
Updated: 11:24 PM EST January 14, 2020
DEPEW, N.Y. — The efforts to combat substance abuse in Lancaster and Depew are now being boosted with a federal grant from Washington.
$625,000 in federal funding over five years will be used to hire staff and support programs for the group known as FOCUS: For Our Community Unity and Support, Inc Addiction Prevention Coalition.
FOCUS is a coalition of youth, education, law enforcement, and community leaders who work together to establish and support addiction prevention services.
"Today was really just to raise public awareness of this amazing opportunity that we have to inject a lot of money into this local community and really just continue our mission of preventing substance use in our youth for the Lancaster - Depew community," said Gwendolyn Bork, president of FOCUS.
Student representatives are a key part the FOCUS group, which helped secure the grant using a survey of students in the Lancaster and Depew school districts.
RELATED: Justice Department money fights opioid crisis in Western New York
RELATED: New website aimed at helping addicts find treatment
RELATED: Buffalo hosts mental health and wellness fair


text:
Star Wars Battlefront won't have single-player because of the series' 'legacy'
The reason heroes are fighting in Civil War
Five titles for a spooktacular Halloween
Severed review
Xbox Podcast: Halo 5 and E-Sports
Take-Two Interactive has more 2K games coming
Christopher Graf
Take-Two Interactive had a lot to unveil today after sharing the profits of their last fiscal year. Although their total revenue was down compared to last year, it was certainly helped by the sales of Grand Theft Auto V. Most of the later announcements were about projects from the company's subsidiary 2K Games.
The latest installment in the popular wrestling game, WWE 2K16, will be released October 27th, 2015. This will be the 17th game in the franchise. The first, WWF Smackdown!, was released in 2000. WWE 2K16 will be available for Xbox 360, PS3, Xbox One, and PS4.
In a more intriguing announcement, a new title is also currently in the works by 2K. The title was teased today by the company saying, "a soon-to-be announced new triple-A title from 2K" was soon to be on the way. Some have speculated this to be a third title in the Mafia franchise, but nothing further was stated.
What would you like to see from 2K Games? A new edition to an old franchise or something brand new? Let us know in the comments below.
2K GamesTake-Two InteractiveWWE 2K16
Christopher is a passionate gamer who believes video games will help change the future of entertainment as we know it. He hopes to a part of this change some day as a designer himself.


text:
BottleRock Presents to host trio of benefit concerts
Arts & Entertainment // Music
Mariecar Mendoza
Nov. 1, 2017 Updated: Nov. 1, 2017 3:22 p.m.
1of4Pat Monahan of Train performs onstage during the Vh1 Upfront 2010 at Pier 59 Studios on April 20, 2010 in New York City. (Photo by Larry Busacca/Getty Images)Larry Busacca / Getty ImagesShow MoreShow Less
2of4Adam Duritz, frontman for alternative rock band Counting Crows, is seen here. Counting Crows performs with Rob Thomas at Mohegan Sun Arena on Saturday, Aug, 6.Red Light Management / Contributed photoShow MoreShow Less
3of4Michael Franti and Spearhead perfroms on stage during Alive@Five in Columbus Park in Stamford, Conn., on Thursday, July 9, 2015. The concerts begin at 5 p.m. and run for six Thursdays, July 9 - August 13. Hearst Connecticut Media is a sponsor of the event.Jason Rearick/Hearst Connecticut MediaShow MoreShow Less
4of4Nalle Colt, from left, Ty Taylor, Richard Danielson and Rick Barrio Dill of Vintage Trouble perform at the Voodoo Music Experience in City Park on Saturday, Oct. 28, 2017, in New Orleans. (Photo by Amy Harris/Invision/AP)Amy Harris/Associated PressShow MoreShow Less
The producers behind Wine Country's annual BottleRock Napa Valley music festival plan to host three concerts in support of relief efforts after the firestorm that ravaged the North Bay last month.
East Bay-bred bands Counting Crows and Michael Franti & Spearhead are slated to headline separate shows Nov. 18, while San Francisco rockers Train are scheduled to perform Dec. 1, BottleRock Presents announced Wednesday, Nov. 1.
"Nearly all of us who work with BottleRock Napa Valley and BottleRock Presents events live in the North Bay and have been affected by these devastating fires in one way or another," said BottleRock CEO Dave Graham in a statement. "We felt it was important to bring music directly to the North Bay to raise both money and the spirits of our friends and neighbors in wine country."
For the Love of Napa, featuring Franti and his band as well as Los Angeles soul band Vintage Trouble, kicks off the series at noon in Oakville at the Robert Mondavi Winery.
That same day, Counting Crows and folk singer-songwriter Brett Dennen will perform at For the Love of Sonoma, 6 p.m. at Sonoma State University's Green Music Center.
Train concludes the series in December with a show at Napa's Jam Cellars Ballroom, which is scheduled to reopen Sunday, Nov. 5, after being shuttered during the fires.
Tickets for all three concerts will be available Thursday, Nov. 2, starting with For the Love of Napa at 9 a.m. For the Love of Sonoma tickets will go on sale at 10 a.m., followed by tickets for Train at 11 a.m.
All proceeds from the shows will go to the Napa Valley and Sonoma County Community Foundations, along with the North Bay Fire Relief fund and NomaGives, which supports Sonoma State University students, staff and faculty who were affected by the fires.
The concerts are the latest in a wave of benefit events in the Bay Area, including San Francisco's Band Together Bay Area show at AT&T Park featuring Metallica, Dead & Company, Dave Matthews, G-Eazy, Raphael Saadiq and Rancid on Nov. 9, sponsored by a coalition of Silicon Valley business and community leaders.
Mariecar Mendoza is The San Francisco Chronicle arts content editor. Email: mmendoza@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @SFMarMendozaInstagram: @sfchronicle_scene
For the Love of Napa: Featuring Michael Franti & Spearhead and Vintage Trouble. Noon Nov. 18. $50. Robert Mondavi Winery, 7801 St. Helena Hwy., Oakville.
For the Love of Sonoma: Featuring Counting Crows and Brett Dennen. 6 p.m. Nov. 18. $49-$249. Weill Hall at the Green Music Center, 1801 E. Cotati Ave., Rohnert Park.
Train: 6:30 p.m. Dec. 1. $99-$249. Jam Cellars Ballroom at the Napa Valley Opera House, 1030 Main St., Napa.
For more details, go to www.bottlerocknapavalley.com/bottlerock-presents
Reach Mariecar on
Mariecar Mendoza is the senior arts and entertainment editor for the San Francisco Chronicle, where she manages daily coverage and audience engagement for Datebook and datebook.sfchronicle.com.
Prior to The Chronicle, Mariecar was a features digital editor for the Los Angeles News Group, helping cover major pop culture moments in the region like Coachella and Comic-Con to the Emmys and Oscars. She also worked as a multimedia news reporter for several publications throughout the state.
Mariecar currently serves as the vice president of the Asian American Journalists Association's San Francisco-Bay Area chapter and is co-director of AAJA Features Forum, a group that aims to provide programming, services and support for features, arts, entertainment and lifestyle journalists of color.
Mariecar is a Bay Area native and is glad to be back home.


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We anticipate our clients to hold us to a higher standard. That's why we provide a free-of-charge assurance on business vehicle hire services that get here more than 5 minutes late for an airport transfer, in addition to knowledgeable and knowledgeable chauffeurs, and luggage retrieval/delivery per your demand.
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Tinos (ΤΗΝΟΣ in Greek), or Tynos (Italian: Tine) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, part of Greece. It is located in the Cyclades island complex. In ancient times, Tinos was also known as Ophiussa and Hydroessa. The closest islands are Andros and Mykonos. The area is about 194 km² and has about 8,000 people.
Tinos is famous amongst Greeks for: the monastery of Panagia Evangelistria, its 20 windmills, the 1000 pigeon-houses, the 50 villages waiting to be explored, for the co-existence of Greek-Orthodox and Catholics, the Venetian fortifications, and for its famous sculptors and painters like Gyzis, Chalepas and Tsokles.
Because of it is located near the geographical center of the Cyclades island complex, and because of the Panagia Evangelistria monastery with its reputedly miraculous icon of Virgin Mary that it holds, Tinos is also the center of a yearly pilgrimage that takes place at the date of the ascension of Virgin Mary (15 August, known in Greek as "Dekapentavgoustos" = 15th of August). This is perhaps the most notable and still active yearly pilgrimage in the region of the eastern Mediterranean.
Tinos has a small port which ferries cars and serves to other ports including Mykonos (40 min), Piraeus, Rafina, Andros and Syros.


text:
Q: How to draw a Cartesian plane with shaded upper half plane I am a beginner at LaTeX. Could someone please guide me how can I draw the attached picture with caption in my LaTeX presentation?
P.S. I want the area with diagonal lines to be a shaded area (preferably in grey).

Thanks in advance!

A: A solution with pstricks:
\documentclass[11pt, svgnames]{article}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{pst-plot}

\begin{document}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{pspicture*}(-4.5,-1.5)(5,5)
\psframe*[linecolor=Gainsboro!50!Lavender](-4.5,0)(4.5,4.5)
\psaxes[linewidth=1pt, labels=none,ticks=none]{-}(0,0)(-4.5,-1.5)(4.5,4.5)
\uput[dr](0,0){$O$}\uput[ur](4.5,4.5){$\mathbb{C}$}
\end{pspicture*}

\end{document}

A:
This is pretty simple in tikz using the \draw and \fill commands for lines (--) and rectangles (rectangle), as well as a couple of nodes for labels and a figure environment for the caption.
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsfonts}  % needed for \mathbb

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
            \fill[lightgray] (0, 0) rectangle (6, 3);
            \draw (0, 0) -- (6, 0);
            \draw (3, -1) -- (3, 3);
            \node[below right] at (3, 0) {0};
            \node[above right] at (6, 3) {\(\mathbb{C}\)};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{Upper half plane}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

A: One possibility is:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \fill[white!50!gray] (-4,0) rectangle (4,4);
    \draw (-4.25,0)--(4.25,0);
    \draw (0,-.25)--(0,4.25);
    \node[below right] at (0,0) {$0$};
    \node[right] at (4,4) {$\mathbb C$};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

It will give you this:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ARC CBD at the World CBD Awards
The final countdown to the biggest event on the CBD calendar has begun. In just a few short months, the World CBD Awards will take place, bringing together the crème de la crème of the CBD industry for four days of showcasing and networking among the CBD elite.
This year, the event will take place from the 12th to the 15th of July in Barcelona. It will be sponsored by an assortment of big names in the CBD industry, which is why it comes as no surprise that ARC CBD has just been announced as a key sponsor at this year's World CBD Awards.
ARC CBD
ARC CBD is a prominent CBD manufacturer and supplier founded by former professional ice hockey player, Patrik Valcak. Using both his professional and personal experiences, Valcak created a leading CBD brand with the aim of helping as many people as possible. "After making the decision to retire from professional sport, the hardest thing was the transition to normal life, the impact this had on me mentally was beyond anything I could have imagined," Valcak states on the ARC CBD website.
"Once I witnessed the benefits of CBD first hand, I knew this would be my next direction, and I decided I would create a brand designed to help as many people as I can."
ARC CBD knows mental recovery is just as important as physical recovery. Using their founder's experience, ARC CBD concentrates on the sporting market and believes that well-being starts from within. As such, they have designed effective and valued CBD products to help users "unlock the secret to well-being and maintaining a healthy lifestyle."
Quality is their primary focus, which is why their products have full traceability and the exact amount of CBD as stated on the bottle. This can all be seen in the supporting COAs tested by accredited labs within the UK.
ARC CBD have a range of top-quality CBD products such as CBD oil, gel, capsules and even gummies. They are committed to providing the highest quality CBD products by ensuring that their team produces only the best CBD products and by partnering with reputable names in the industry, such as Dr Martin Kinsella, with whom they are collaborating.
ARC CBD as platinum sponsor at World CBD Awards
World CBD Awards were delighted to announce that ARC CBD will be a platinum sponsor at the highly anticipated event. "Arc CBD is a great brand that operates on honesty, quality and transparency," said co-founder and financial director of World CBD Awards, Pamela Bonnick. "We are delighted to have them as a sponsor for the 2022 World CBD Awards."
By playing such a big part in a world-class CBD event, it is clear that ARC CBD is going from strength to strength.
The 2022 World CBD Awards
The World CBD Awards is an annual event that honours not only the greatest CBD products, services, technologies, and companies on the market, but also those who adhere to ethical standards. This year, the award's theme is "We can do better" and aims to award those in the CBD industry who uphold set standards and conduct themselves in an ethical and open manner.
However, the four-day event, isn't simply about enjoying a gala and praising great products and services. Attendees will also have the opportunity to hear from industry experts, network, make new connections and build friendships at the World CBD Awards.
In other words, it is a not-to-be-missed event for the CBD industry.
The Extract partners with World CBD Awards 2022
The Extract is collaborating with the World CBD Awards as a media partner. This means you'll find all you need to know about the World CBD Awards, including how to get tickets, right here.
Subscribe to The Extract to ensure you stay up to date with all the latest information about this must-attend event.


As one of India's bestselling non-fiction authors, economist Sanjeev Sanyal probably wrote Life Over Two Beers and Other Stories as an antidote to a long-standing trend—the tendency to pass off only long-form novels and well-researched tomes as respectable work. It is a collection of 14 short stories and a few poems.
His inspirations for this book are varied, though peppered with strong influences of P.G. Wodehouse (starting from the cover) and other satire writers like Ernest Hemingway.
His stories draw heavily from real-life places and characters, which include a Mumbai housewife, a Delhi socialite, Singapore bond traders, NGO do-gooders and even pretentious journalists. Sanyal captures their emancipation, their world and even their flaws and pegs them all to recent incidents in the news.
An urban theorist and known Marx critic, Sanyal also takes on long-held social beliefs and group dynamics—particularly those in the city of his origin, Kolkata. Single men feature as the central character in most of his stories. Some like 'The Troll' and 'Conference Call' dive deep to explore the impact of technology on our lives.
Sanyal had started this work of fiction well before joining the government, intending to fill a void left by satire writers like R.K. Narayan and Anita Desai. "No equivalent writer had emerged in our times," said Sanyal.
Life Over Two Beers and Other Stories could be your perfect companion on that trip to places where there is no cellular network.


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We understand that conflicts in schedules and traffic issues may arise. Please let us know as soon as possible if you are running late for pick up. We will happily extend your child's day.
We ask that campers wear weather appropriate clothing and comfortable shoes. Please refrain from sending your child in flip flops, as campers do get to experience outdoor physical activity daily. If your child is attending winter camp dress accordingly, we still go outside everyday when weather permits. Oxygenated brains are creative brains ;-) Our motto: Dress for Mess...Smocks are Provided!
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text:
Harvest marijuana dispensary no longer planned for upscale north Phoenix area
Jen Fifield Ryan Randazzo
Arizona Republic
A medical marijuana dispensary is no longer planned for a site at Tatum and Shea boulevards in north Phoenix.
Harvest Health and Recreation Inc. withdrew its rezoning application with the city at the end of August, according to a city spokesperson.
Harvest, which is based in Tempe and has the most dispensaries of any company in Arizona, declined to comment on why it decided not to move forward with the new location. It had filed the zoning change request in July.
The company may have faced pushback from surrounding neighborhoods.
In other affluent areas of metro Phoenix, neighbors and nearby businesses have fought to ban dispensaries because of fears of inappropriate behavior or diminished property values.
Harvest pulls back on one spot as it opens in another
Harvest had hoped to convert vacant suites in a commercial building on the northwest corner of Tatum and Shea boulevards into a 5,000-square-foot dispensary.
The upscale corner includes the popular OHSO Brewery, along with a Trader Joe's and Whole Foods. The dispensary would have gone into the commercial building that currently has PV Pie and Wine, Zoyo Neighborhood Yogurt and Eat Organic Eatery.
Harvest officials declined to discuss that location even as the company expands elsewhere in the city.
In September, Harvest opened its 15th medical marijuana dispensary in Arizona near 19th and Peoria avenues.
CEO Steve White said the Peoria Avenue location was chosen because there are not many other dispensaries operating in the area, it has access to Interstate 17 and steady traffic.
"There is always a struggle with the zoning ordinances with the way they are, to find opportunities to have stores on main streets," White said Oct. 1 during a grand opening celebration for the new shop.
"So when you can find it, that is a good thing."
Few dispensaries in northeast Phoenix
The north Phoenix and Paradise Valley area has fewer medical marijuana dispensaries than many other parts of metro Phoenix, which would have given Harvest a corner on the market.
The closest dispensary to the planned Harvest facility is Müv Dispensary on Cave Creek Road north of Cactus Road, a little more than four miles away.
There are no dispensaries operating in neighboring Paradise Valley.
Harvest largest financier of recreational marijuana ballot measure
The marijuana industry has the potential to grow in Arizona under a Nov. 3 ballot measure that would legalize recreational use of marijuana.
Prop 207, also known as the Smart and Safe Arizona Act, would allow adults 21 and older to possess as much as an ounce of marijuana while allowing sales at the approximately 130 existing medical-marijuana dispensaries in the state. Voters have indicated their support of the measure in recent polling.
Harvest is the largest financier of the initiative.
If it passes, it would substantially increase the revenue potential of medical marijuana dispensaries, which now may only sell to patients with doctor-recommended cards.
Harvest not only runs 15 dispensaries in Arizona, more than any other company, but could become the largest marijuana retailer in the nation pending the completion of a merger with another large chain.
White has said Harvest's ambition is to grow as quickly and profitably as possible to become a target for acquisition by some larger corporate entity.
The company now has 37 operating retail operations in seven states.
Reach the reporter at jen.fifield@azcentral.com or at 602-444-8763. Follow her on Twitter @JenAFifield.
Support local journalism. Subscribe to azcentral.com today.


Cyber, internet, and computer crimes in Denver CO are being prosecuted in a manner never seen before. As technology has grown and changed, so have ways that prosecutors investigate, charge and prove the crime in court. What may once have been a simple case can be considerably more complicated when it goes online.
Things are not always what they seem in the world of computers and therefor computer law is a grey area. Data that forms important evidence in a case can be tweaked, erased or moved in ways that investigators don't expect and sometimes don't even examine. Oftentimes, it is not about what the data shows, but how the data found its way to a certain location within a computer and what caused it to be there. What other attorneys often overlook in cyber crimes cases are the details, like viruses, spyware and downloading software and other circumstances that may explain the evidence.
What makes matters worse is that state or federal prosecutors may genuinely not understand the technology they are using as evidence to convict, leading to false accusations and the continuation of cases that should have been dismissed long ago.
Under these circumstances, it is essential for those accused of an Internet crime to retain a Colorado criminal defense attorney with extensive experience in the world of computers.
Contact the Law firm of Douglas Richards as soon as possible if you have been arrested for a Cybercrime or any other federal offense.


text:
Everyone in Wales should have a decent and affordable home: it is the foundation for the health and well-being of people and communities.
Shelter Cymru's mission is to improve people's lives through our advice and support services and through training, education and information work. Through our policy, research, campaigning and lobbying, we will help overcome the barriers that stand in the way of people in Wales having a decent affordable home.
Be independent and not compromised in any aspect of our work with people in housing need.
Work as equals with people in housing need, respect their needs, and help them to take control of their lives.
Constructively challenge to ensure people are properly assisted and to improve good practice.
Shelter Cymru welcomes the opportunity to provide evidence on this draft Bill. We've been calling for a ban on fees since our 2016 Letting Go campaign[1], which highlighted the cost of tenants' fees and the lack of transparency and consistency in agents' fee policies.
We warmly welcome the Welsh Government's commitment to ban fees. Doing so will help tenants to afford to find and keep a home; and it will assist local authority homelessness services by reducing demand on local 'spend to save' homelessness prevention budgets.
However, there are certain aspects of the Bill that need to be strengthened in order to avoid creating loopholes that could be exploited.
Default fees
Default fees are primarily levied against tenants on low incomes who are falling behind with their rent. In our experience it is the most vulnerable tenants who are the most likely to be hit by excessive or unfair default fees.
The Welsh Government's explanatory memorandum gives the rationale for not including default fees in the Bill as follows: 'The charging of payments in default is longstanding practice of which there is little evidence to show tenants within the PRS are being overcharged to a significant or consistent degree. On that basis, the Welsh Government sees no need to change such practice.'
There is a great deal of evidence of unfair and excessive default fees being applied in Wales.
A letting agent in Swansea charges tenants for late payment of rent even if the tenant is not in arrears but is awaiting a payment of Universal Credit or Housing Benefit. This agent repeatedly refuses to change the rent due date to coincide with the UC payment date, and instead levies default fees every month, thereby increasing their profit at the expense of tenants on limited incomes.
We have tried to challenge this practice in court but the local District Judge has stated that it's a contractual matter.
We sampled 80 recent calls to our helpline where there was a problem relating to letting agents. One quarter of those calls related to agents' fees, half of which were default fees.
Agents claim that fees are only meant to cover their costs in chasing late payments, but we see many people who are charged fees that are completely out of proportion to the cost to the agent.
A woman called our helpline in desperation because her letting agent was charging her £26.30 per day for arrears. She had never had a written tenancy agreement so hadn't agreed to these charges.
Our caseworker's opinion was that the agent was charging this level of fees in order to increase the tenant's arrears over the eight-week limit that would trigger a mandatory possession ground.
The Welsh Government proposes that listing default fees in the tenancy contract will suffice in terms of transparency and fairness. The vast majority of agents already do this, and unfortunately it doesn't give tenants the protection they need. Contract terms can be written in ways that are hard to understand, and result in excessive fees being charged.
We are currently assisting a tenant in court for disputed rent arrears. Part of the claim against the tenant is late payment fees, described in the tenancy agreement as:
'3% above the bank of England base rate, payable on any rent which is more than 7 days overdue. Interest will be payable from the date on which the rent fell due until it is paid. If rent is overdue a 2nd time then a £25.00 charge will be made each time it is overdue in addition to the interest for the 1st week overdue and £10.00 per week that it remains overdue after that.'
This resulted in the tenant being charged £366.60 over a four-month period.
Our mystery shopping exercise[2] carried out by our campaign supporters found that default fees were among the least transparent of all fees, with many agents appearing to make up fees on the spot.
We do recognise that there is a legitimate need for agents to recoup some cost when they are chasing arrears. However, if the Bill does not create consistency and fairness in the charging of default fees, this will become a loophole exploited by agents seeking to maximise profit. The Bill in its current form does not even require that default fees are reasonable and fair. It allows default fees to be summarily charged for any alleged 'breach by the contract-holder of a term of the contract'. This is open to abuse.
We propose an alternative approach. The Bill should require that default fees are limited to:
Only two types of payment, to be defined in the Bill: late payment of rent, and lost keys. Other fees should be recovered via the security deposit
No more than one fee for late payment of rent per month
Fees to be charged only for interest on the missed rent payment, capped at 3% above the bank of England base rate
Fees not to apply until rent is 14 days late
A requirement for landlords and agents to not unreasonably refuse a tenant's request to change a rent due date
Default fees to be clearly set out in contract terms
Fees for replacing lost keys should be limited to the cost of the actual key, not the agent's time, as this is part of their core function.
As an absolute minimum, the Bill should require that default fees be reasonable and fair. However it would be better for the Bill to set a cap, to reduce reliance on the courts to establish reasonableness. Many tenants are unwilling or unable to seek redress via the courts due to the costs and other difficulties. More detail on this is under the section on enforcement.
Holding deposits
We advised a woman who was threatened with homelessness and being assisted by her local authority Housing Options team. She put down a £230 holding deposit on a property. The local authority agreed to assist her with the bond and rent in advance. In order to arrange this she had to wait 10 days for an appointment with the bond board.
Once this was done she contacted the letting agent promptly, only to find that the agent had let the property to another tenant. They refused to return the £230 holding fee. This meant that she had to return to Housing Options to seek further help as she was at increased risk of homelessness, with severely reduced financial resources due to the loss of the £230.
We welcome that the Bill proposes to cap holding deposits at one week's rent and require them to be refundable. This is a great improvement on the current situation, where agents are able to charge excessive holding deposits on a non-refundable basis.
Our view is that the Bill needs amending to clarify when a holding deposit can be kept by the agent. The clause on 'false and misleading information' is too subjective and unclear. There's a risk that holding deposits could be retained simply where a tenant has failed a credit check or referencing: ARLA have already suggested that this will be the case[3]. There is the possibility that minor, unintentional errors by tenants or normal fluctuations in income could be interpreted as false and misleading.
We query why the Bill allows holding deposits to be retained if the tenant fails a 'right to rent' check. The right to rent has not yet been enacted in Wales. Even if it is subsequently brought into force there is no requirement on Welsh Government to follow England in respect of how this affects letting fee regulation. Shelter highlights that right to rent checks in England can be complicated, and an individual may not always know whether they have the right to rent, or may fail simply because they don't have all their documents in order[4].
Keith* was trying to help his daughter, Sharon*, along with her partner and young child, to secure a private tenancy. Sharon viewed a property and the agent told her she must pay £250 in cash if she wanted to proceed. The agent emphasised that others were also interested in the property and pressurised her to hand over cash then and there. Sharon made the payment, and Keith offered to act as a guarantor.
The agent sent Keith the guarantor information but when he read it he decided that he couldn't stand as guarantor as the requirements were so far-reaching. However, the agent informed Keith and Sharon that the £250 was non-refundable.
Keith contacted the Shelter Cymru helpline for advice. He described the agent's approach as 'predatory' and was very concerned that this was seen as acceptable behaviour in the letting agents' profession. At the time of writing Keith is pursuing a complaint through the agency, and will take it to the Ombudsman if it isn't resolved.
* Names changed to protect anonymity
The Bill should include a cooling-off period of 48 hours during which the holding deposit must be returned on request of the tenant. We often hear from tenants who say they've been pressurised during a viewing to pay money immediately to secure a property. A cooling-off period is consistent with principles of consumer law, and would give some protection to vulnerable tenants who are more at risk of feeling pressurised to hand over money.
There are times when a tenant is unable to take up a tenancy for good reasons, such as a family crisis or bereavement. Reputable agents will exercise discretion in these situations but unfortunately some take advantage to retain the deposit at all costs. The Bill should be amended to require holding deposits to be returned when the contract-holder has a good reason for withdrawing.
Hollie* was arranging to move from her home in England to be nearer to her mother, who had terminal cancer. Sadly, five days before Hollie was due to move, her mother died. Hollie could not bear to take up the tenancy, so she contacted the agent to ask for a refund of the holding deposit. The agent refused, stating that it was non-refundable.
Hollie sought help from Shelter Cymru. She felt strongly that the landlord was being very unfair in such cruel circumstances. We established that the agent had not been upfront about what the payment was for and the circumstances in which it would be refundable. We signposted Hollie to the specialist Citizens Advice Bureau consumer helpline.
Finally, we suggest it would be helpful if the Bill could require an agent to provide the tenant with a written explanation including evidence of why a holding deposit is being retained.
We broadly welcome the proposed use of Fixed Penalty Notices (FPNs). These are already being used effectively to enforce landlord licensing under Rent Smart Wales. Our view, however, is that £500 is too low to be an incentive, and will be even less of an incentive as time goes on. For this reason we would advise against setting the level of the FPN in the Bill itself as is currently proposed.
Instead, the Bill should allow for the level of the FPN to be set by the Minister and periodically revised in order to remain responsive to changing rent levels. We suggest that a fine set at 15 to 20 per cent of the average annual revenue for privately rented property in Wales would be appropriate.
It's welcome that the Bill requires convictions to be reported to Rent Smart Wales but this should also go for FPNs, since the licensing authority would want to know if an agent is repeatedly infringing the law.
The Bill proposes that contract-holders should apply to the County Court for recovery of fees. There are practical barriers to this and the Bill would be strengthened by also providing for alternative routes of redress. Applying to the County Court costs money and can be highly intimidating, especially for vulnerable tenants who may well be deterred from exercising this form of redress.
We have a number of suggestions:
· The Bill should also provide for contract-holders to apply via the existing redress bodies for recovery of fees: The Property Ombudsman, Property Redress Scheme, and Ombudsman Services: Property
· The Bill should allow the County Court to award compensation in addition to the recovery of the prohibited fee and costs, of up to three times the amount of the prohibited payment. This would be in line with existing legislation for security deposits
· A ban on possession actions while a prohibited payment has been taken and held would be a strong incentive for agents to refund. This measure has worked effectively in relation to landlord licensing. However, learning lessons from the implementation of the Housing (Wales) Act 2014, the ban should apply for section 8 fault-based possession proceedings as well as section 21 no-fault proceedings
· The Bill in England places much more emphasis on the role of Trading Standards, giving powers to local weights and measures authorities to require the repayment of prohibited fees, including interest. The English Bill also allows local weights and measures authorities to help tenants to make an application to recover prohibited payments. This would be very desirable for some tenants who may otherwise struggle with the process. The Welsh Bill would be stronger if it made similar provisions.
We welcome that the Welsh Government is prepared to set a limit on security deposits. It would be clearer for agents if this were included in the Bill rather than in regulations. We would argue for a cap of one month's rent, as was originally proposed for the Bill in England (subsequently revised upwards to six weeks).
Other issues: fees for ending a tenancy
The Bill makes it an offence for a landlord or agent to require payments as a condition of the granting, renewal or continuance of tenancy contracts. But the Bill doesn't mention fees for ending a tenancy, either in the form of checking-out fees (outside a fixed term) or cancellation fees (within a fixed term). These costs can be very high and we would urge the Government to ensure that the Bill explicitly bans fees for ending tenancies, to avoid creating a loophole. Our mystery shopping exercise found that tenants were being charged as much as £89 simply for handing their keys in at the end of the tenancy.
A young couple was living in shared accommodation when they found out they were expecting their first child. They needed to move to a new home suitable for raising a family, and this meant they had to leave their fixed-term contract early.
The couple were three months into a 12-month contract and they found a new home also managed by the same agent. Although they had found friends to replace them in the shared house, the agent wanted to charge £534 to change the contract, £450 for checks and references for the new tenants, and £500 for new checks and references for the couple despite this having already been done just three months previously.
The agent in question is one of the largest and most reputable agents in Wales.
It's possible that agents may argue that some charges for ending tenancies are legitimate, such as in the case study above when a tenant needs to move out during the fixed term and cancel the contract early. In these cases agents often require the outgoing tenants to find replacement tenants: in which case, the actual cost to the agent of establishing the new tenancy only includes credit and reference checks and getting the new agreement signed. However, if the agent re-advertises and recruits new tenants themselves, then costs to the agent might be higher. It may be fair to expect the outgoing tenant to pay a reasonable amount.
End-of-tenancy fees are by far the most common form of default fee that we have queries on. Problems arise frequently, so the Bill does need to address them.
In our view the Bill should:
· Include payments for ending a tenancy in the list of prohibited fees; and
· Allow agents to charge a reasonable fee for early cancellation of tenancies within the fixed term. Cancellation fees should be capped at one week's rent.
[1] https://sheltercymru.org.uk/letting-go/
[2] https://sheltercymru.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Letting-Go-Email.pdf
[3] http://www.arla.co.uk/news/november-2017/tenant-fees-bill-at-a-glance.aspx
[4] https://england.shelter.org.uk/professional_resources/policy_and_research/policy_library/policy_library_folder/response_draft_tenant_fees_bill


1. Can I park in the street if it snows?
Designated snow routes are marked with No Parking - Snow Route signs.
2. What do I do if my mailbox is damaged by a snow plow?
Please call Public Works at 847-697-3160 to report mailbox damage.


text:
Tag: CFACT
Prat Watch #4: Foundation and Empire
While the noble Lord, Viscount Christopher "I'm no potty peer" Monckton tours the USA and Canada at the behest of his friends at the Heartland-lite Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow (aka the Billionaire Liberation Front), his Australian admirers, led by former Climate Sceptic Party candidate Chris Dawson, have announced the creation of… wait for it… The Monckton Foundation. This remarkable institution is set to "open its doors" this month, and has, as you might expect, some laudable, if long-winded goals:
The Lord Monckton Foundation shall conduct research, publish papers, educate students and the public and take every measure that may be necessary to restore the primacy and use of reason in science and public policy worldwide, especially insofar as they may bear upon the rights of the people fairly and fully to be informed, openly and freely to debate, and secretly by ballot to decide who shall govern them, what laws they shall live by and what imposts they shall endure.
It has a vision too — it may be having them still — issued by the charter of Monckton himself:
Continue reading "Prat Watch #4: Foundation and Empire"
Author GarethPosted on March 20, 2012 March 21, 2012 Categories Climate cranks, Climate politics, environment and ecologyTags California, CFACT, cranks, Heartland, John Abraham, Monckton, Obama, USA90 Comments on Prat Watch #4: Foundation and Empire
How Heartland lied to me and illegally recorded the lies
4 a.m. Bali, December 2007, the first Tuesday of the two-week UN climate talks. My phone rings, waking me up. Blearily, and a little crossly, I answer it.
I was in Bali to run Greenpeace International's media for the meeting. The caller was someone called "John" who said he was an intern for a US NGO that I had never heard of. It was a small NGO, he said, who couldn't come to the meeting, but "john" asked me for a copy of the UNFCCC's media list for the meeting.
I confirmed I had a copy but refused to give it to him – he appeared a little suspect. The conversation ended when I put the phone down – the caller clearly wasn't bothered that he had woken me at 4 am, which was odd, as an NGO colleague would have apologised and hung up immediately.
Three days later I was again woken by the phone, with the information that the right wing think tank the Heartland Institute had just issued a press release slamming the UN for working with environmental NGO's. Heartland's press release posted a link to a recording of the 4 a.m. conversation earlier in the week.
Hang on, let's get this clear:
Someone from the Heartland Institute:
– called me at 4 am, lied to me saying they were an intern for a US environmental NGO - recorded that conversation without my knowledge or my permission, and released the audio of the telephone conversation to the media, again without my permission.
Continue reading "How Heartland lied to me and illegally recorded the lies"
Author cindyPosted on March 15, 2012 March 16, 2012 Categories Climate cranks, Climate politics, environment and ecologyTags Bali, Bob Carter, Bryan Leyland, CFACT, cranks, David Evans, Heartland, Joanne Nova, Monckton, NZ C"S"C, Owen McShane, UN, Vincent Gray80 Comments on How Heartland lied to me and illegally recorded the lies
Prat Watch #1: columnated ruins domino
Being the first in an occasional series in which we monitor the wilder excesses of climate denial. Warning: reading and/or viewing the original material referenced herein may cause uncontrollable mirth. Hot Topic accepts no responsibility for any adverse effects that may result, but recommends a good micro fibre cleaning cloth for removing coffee/tea/wine from computer screens…
However gloomy I may be about the prospects for serious international action to reduce carbon emissions, I did find a few things to enjoy amongst the events in Durban, not the least of them being the fact that the only way Mark Morano and potty peer Christopher Monckton could draw attention to their CFACT-sponsored trip was by jumping out of an aeroplane in an attempt to attract the attention of the world's press.
From the CFACT web site:
Multiple media outlets showed up to record the event, including the AP, BBC, and South Africa's national news network. It was a huge success! Climategate 2.0 can not be ignored!
Shows, I suppose, just how desperate the denial campaign is to make mileage out of yesterday's emails. But Monckton and Morano weren't finished…
Continue reading "Prat Watch #1: columnated ruins domino"
Author GarethPosted on December 12, 2011 December 12, 2011 Categories Climate cranks, Climate politics, environment and ecologyTags Bob Carter, Bryan Leyland, CFACT, cranks, Durban, ICSC, Monckton, Morano, pratwatch, Terry Dunleavy, Treadgold11 Comments on Prat Watch #1: columnated ruins domino
Monckton goes bananas
Scrotum is laying low it seems, so (as yet) I have no inside information on the doings of the the good Lord Monckton in Mexico beyond his own words, but they are extraordinary enough to demand a post. Monckton is in Cancun with Roy Spencer (satellite temperatures a speciality), the pair acting as emissaries for the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT), a Scaife-funded organisation devoted to the usual denial. Monckton is helpfully providing regular updates on his doings via another of his fossil-funded US sponsors, the SPPI blog. It appears he's gone bananas…
Dr. Spencer and I decided to try banana daiquiris instead. After a good 20 minutes – well, this is the Mañana Republic – the head waiter hovered along to our table and told us our daiquiris would be along in a minute. He had hardly made this ambitious promise when the wine waiter shimmered in and explained that there would be no banana daiquiris because – yes, you guessed it – "we have no bananas".
Lacking the necessary fruit, the sceptical pair settled for frozen margaritas. My experience with said drink usually involves two headaches — one on the way in, as the cold explodes in my sinuses, and one the morning after — but in the noble lord's case it seems to have caused a major episode of sceptical revisionism. Apparently, poor old Dick Lindzen is suffering because his papers are not impressing his peers:
Within months, a savagely-phrased and deliberately-wounding rebuttal was published by one of the most prominent of the Climategate emailers. It was one of those tiresome papers that pointed out one or two supposed defects in Professor Lindzen's analysis, but without being honest enough to conclude that these defects could not and did not alter the Professor's conclusion.
Monckton rather glosses over the serious methodological problems with Lindzen's paper that meant his conclusions could not be supported by the evidence he provided. But let's not let the facts stand in the way of a good tale. It appears that Douglass and McKitrick have suffered equally badly, and it's nothing to do with any "supposed defects" in their work, it's all the fault of that mean old IPCC.
Perhaps it was the lack of bananas, or an excess of tequila, that drove the Viscount Brenchley to liven up the "sombre" proceedings at Cancun by gatecrashing a green business luncheon attended by Nick Stern, Richard Branson and assorted Mexican billionaires. John Vidal of the Guardian was there:
Holding forth in the centre of the UN climate conference lunch party, he claimed that man-made climate change was not happening and businesses should hesitate before investing in green energy.
Most people steered clear, but Monckton had no hesitation in barging in on conversations, reeling off statistics and arguments that, he said, proved not only that the world was not warming but that "certain newspapers" were not reporting the reality.
Eventually the patience of the organisers wore thin, and he was asked to leave — but not before Vidal had recorded a short exchange with the potty peer. It's well worth a listen.
Monckton appears to concede that 2010 was a year of record setting warmth, blaming it on El Niño, but then later claims there's been no warming since 2001. The rest of his patter is a glib Gish Gallop of standard Monckton nonsense. But there's more… The CFACT crew have been conducting more merry japes — here's Monckton introducing a short Youtube video nominating the CFACT "Kook of the Week" (an unlucky NZr). I leave it to the reader to decide who might be the real "kook".
[PS: In his latest Mexican missive, he reveals he's working on a dramatic new piece of scholarship:
I have recently been preparing a learned paper for the Econometrics Journal on the so-far-unaddressed but surely not-unimportant question of how to determine the amount of "global warming" that might actually be prevented by any proposed strategy to mitigate future "global warming" by taxing or regulating carbon dioxide emissions, or by adopting alternative technologies.
I expect it will pass peer review, because he's the only peer who will read it.
[Harry Belafonte (& friends)]
Author GarethPosted on December 8, 2010 July 4, 2011 Categories Climate cranks, Climate politics, environment and ecologyTags Cancun, CFACT, cranks, Monckton6 Comments on Monckton goes bananas
Monckton goes BP in Bonn
Beyond parody, that is. I mean, this has to be a spoof, doesn't it? Scaife-funded CFACT sent the potty peer to Bonn, and this is what he delivered in return. If this is the best the inactivists can do, then the world is safe. Watch: it's side-splitting…
[Hat tip: µWatts, where this is taken seriously, it seems.]
Author GarethPosted on April 15, 2010 April 15, 2010 Categories Climate cranks, environment and ecologyTags CFACT, Monckton, Scaife55 Comments on Monckton goes BP in Bonn


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text:
W3C home > Mailing lists > Public > www-ws-desc@w3.org > February 2004
WSDL Language versus processor
From: David Booth <dbooth@w3.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2004 11:21:55 -0500
Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.2.20040226105921.033d33d0@localhost>
To: www-ws-desc@w3.org
Per my action item, I've been looking at how we can better distinguish in
our spec between statements about the WSDL 2.0 language versus statements
about what a WSDL processor must do.
Although I haven't finished this work item yet, I think I do have the basic
ideas worked out and explained.  My thoughts so far are at:
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/dbooth-wsdl-lang-vs-proc.htm
For your convenience, a text version of the document follows.
WSDL 2.0 Language Versus Processor
David Booth, W3C Fellow / Hewlett-Packard
[1]dbooth@w3.org
This document:
[2]http://www.w3.org/2004/02/dbooth-wsdl-lang-vs-proc.htm
Last modified $Date: 2004/02/26 16:19:57 $
[1] mailto:dbooth@w3.org
[2] http://www.w3.org/2004/02/dbooth-wsdl-lang-vs-proc.htm
The problem of defining the WSDL 2.0 language is different from the
problem of defining a conformant class of WSDL 2.0 processors.  There
may be many kinds of processors, and the language specification should
not try to dictate what they do.  Thus, the WSDL 2.0 language
specification should not intermingle conformance constraints that
pertain to WSDL processors.    However, both are important.  A clear
and precise definition of the WSDL 2.0 language is important because
it enhances interoperability between requester and provider agents,
which both depend on a common interpretation of the WSDL document that
governs their interaction.  And it is important to define a class of
conformant WSDL 2.0 processors, because this can help improve the
usability of WSDL, by permitting WSDL processor substitutability.
This document recommends that the WSDL 2.0 specification include a
section defining one or more classes of conformant WSDL 2.0
This document has no official status.  Opinions are those of the
author.  Comments are invited.
[3]Definitions
[4]Logical WSDL Document
[5]What Is Interoperability?
[6]Disagreement about choice of WSD/endpoint
[7]Disagreement about meaning of WSD/endpoint
[8]Disagreement about application semantics
[9]Requester and Provider Agent Interoperability ("Agent Interop")
[10]WSDL Processor Substitutability
[11]Analysis of Current WSDL 2.0 Specification Draft
[12]The Meaning of a WSD
[13]Optional Extensions and the WSDL 2.0 Language
[14]Optional Extensions and WSDL 2.0 Processors
[15]Alignment with WebArch Recommendations on Extensions
Logical WSDL Document
By "logical WSDL document" I mean the infoset or set of components
obtained from a WSDL document (i.e., after expanding any imports,
includes, etc.). See
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-ws-desc/2003Nov/0085.html for
further explanation.
Synonyms: "Sentence in the WSDL language", "WSDL sentence", "Web
service description (WSD)", "logical WSD".
What Is Interoperability?
Roughly speaking, interoperability between a [16]requester and
[17]provider agent occurs when they agree on both the mechanics and
semantics of their intended interaction.  Since the problem we wish to
avoid is actually the lack of interoperability, it is helpful to
instead define what that means.
Non-interoperability occurs either when the [18]requester and
[19]provider entities do not agree on the mechanics of the interaction
(such as the syntax, protocol or sequence of messages), or when they
do not agree on the semantics of the interaction.  There are three
ways this can occur:
1. (Disagreement about choice of WSD/endpoint)  The requester and
provider entities are unable to agree on a WSD and endpoint that
is to govern their agent interaction.
2. (Disagreement about meaning of WSD/endpoint)  The requester and
provider entities agree on the WSD and endpoint that will govern
their agent interaction.  However, they disagree about the
intended interaction that the WSD denotes.
3. (Disagreement about application semantics)  The requester and
provider entities agree on the WSD and endpoint, and they agree on
the intended interaction that the WSD denotes.  However, they
disagree on the application semantics of the interaction.
[16] http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-gloss-20040211/#requesteragent
[17] http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-gloss-20040211/#provideragent
[18] http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-gloss-20040211/#requesterentity
[19] http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-gloss-20040211/#providerentity
These three cases are discussed below.
Disagreement about choice of WSD/endpoint
If the requester and provider entities do not agree on the choice of
WSD and endpoint that is to govern their agent interaction, then their
corresponding agents will not be able to interact.   One way that this
can occur is if one party wishes to use one WSD, but the other party
(for whatever reason) does not like that WSD, perhaps because it uses
features or extensions that the second party does not support.
This can be viewed as a problem for negotiation between the requester
and provider entities, just as these parties must agree on the
application semantics of the interaction.  (If the parties cannot
agree on what WSD and endpoint they will use for their corresponding
agent interaction, then their agents cannot sensibly interact anyway.)
The typical way for the requester and provider entities to negotiate
what WSD/endpoint to use is for the provider entity to offer the
entire WSD and application semantics on a take-it-or-leave-it basis,
with the WSD containing a choice of one or more endpoints.  By
offering such a WSD, the provider entity is implicitly agreeing to
interact with the requester entity via any of the endpoints listed in
that WSD.  And by selecting a particular endpoint from this WSD, the
requester entity is implicitly agreeing to interact through this
chosen endpoint according to the WSD and application semantics that
were offered.
Although this is not the primary issue of interop that we wish to
address, it is important, and [20]WSDL processor substitutability can
help to address it, as explained below.
Disagreement about meaning of WSD/endpoint
If the requester and provider entities agree on what WSD and endpoint
to use, but they disagree about the intended interaction that this
WSD/endpoint denotes, then their corresponding requester and provider
agents still will not be able to interact (at least not correctly).
Since the purpose of the WSD is to partially define the expected
interaction between the requester and provider agents, this is the
main kind of interop issue that this document addresses.  This is the
issue of [21]Requester and Provider Agent Interoperability ("Agent
Interop"), discussed below.
Disagreement about application semantics
Even if the requester and provider entities agree on the WSD and
endpoint to use, and they agree on the intended interaction that the
WSD denotes, they can still fail to interoperate because they have
different understanding of the semantics of the interaction.  For
example, one party may interpret "25.00" as US dollars and the other
party may interpret it as Euros.
The WSDL 2.0 specification can partially address this kind of interop
problem by reinforcing [22]the TAG's advice on namespace documents and
recommending that namespace documents SHOULD (directly or indirectly)
contain definitive material on the meaning and purpose of the
vocabularies that they define.  There are at least three kinds of
namespaces pertaining to application semantics that WSDL authors are
likely to introduce:
* The wsdl:targetNamespace, which in essence identifies the
application-defined semantics of the component names (operations,
interfaces, service names, etc.) that are used in the WSDL
document as a whole.
* Any message syntax namespace used in defining a message
vocabulary.  Since messages are what are actually transmitted
between the requester and provider agents, the namespace of a
message vocabulary in essence identifies the semantics of that
message vocabulary.  (See [23]Semantics and WSDL for further
explanation on what I mean by identifying the semantics as opposed
to defining the semantics.)
* Any extension namespace.
[22] http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-webarch-20031209/#namespace-docs
[23] http://www.w3.org/2002/09/wsdl-semantics-dbooth/semantics_clean.htm
The current draft of the WSDL 2.0 Core spec already includes the
following [24]recommendation for the wsdl:targetNamespace:
http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/%7Echeckout%7E/2002/ws/desc/wsdl20/wsdl20.html?rev=1.9&content-type=text/html;%20charset=iso-8859-1#Definitions_XMLRep
The target namespace represents an unambiguous name for the intended
semantics of the WSDL Infoset. The targetNamespace URI SHOULD point to
a human or machine processable document that directly or indirectly
defines the semantics of the WSDL Infoset.
The current draft of the WSDL 2.0 Core spec does not include such
advice for message syntax namespaces or extension namespaces.  Similar
advice could be added for them.
Suggested change: Add a statement along the lines of
For any namespace that is used any message syntax, the namespace URI
SHOULD point to a document that directly or indirectly defines the
semantics of the vocabulary defined that namespace.
Requester and Provider Agent Interoperability ("Agent Interop")
Agent interoperability is when the requester and provider agree on the
intended interaction denoted by the WSD and endpoint that they have
chosen to use.
If an endpoint e in a logical WSDL 2.0 document wsd describes the
intended interaction between a requester agent ra and a provider agent
pa, then ra and pa are agent interoperable if they agree on the
intended interaction through e that is denoted by wsd.
(Of course, to have full interoperability, they will still need to
agree on the application-defined semantics of the interaction.)
WSDL Processor Substitutability
WSDL processor substitutability refers to the ability, relative to a
given task, to substitute a different WSDL processor and obtain
substantially equivalent behavior.  In other words, if a WSDL
processor p1 is used as part of a larger process that manipulates WSDL
documents, then another WSDL processor p2 would be substitutable if p2
could be plugged into that larger process in place of p1, and p2 would
behave equivalently with respect to that larger process.
It is worth noting that WSDL processor substitutability is not
required to achieve agent interop.  Agent interop is about agreeing on
the meaning of a WSD, whereas WSDL processor substitutability is about
what a WSDL processor does with a given WSD.  However, WSDL processor
substitutability can help the requester and provider entities
negotiate which WSD and endpoint to use, because different processors
may handle different sets of extensions or optional features: If the
provider entity restricts itself to a certain well-known set X of
features/extensions, and the requester entity uses an X-conformant
WSDL processor (i.e., one that implements those feature/extensions),
then the requester entity knows that it will be able to use the WSD
offered by the provider entity.   (Or conversely, the provider entity
knows that any requester entity with an X-conformant WSDL processor
will be able to use its WSD.)
Analysis of Current WSDL 2.0 Specification Draft
WSDL 2.0 Part 1 (Core Language)
Version analyzed:
http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2002/ws/desc/wsdl20/wsdl20.html?re
v=1.9&content-type=text/html;%20charset=iso-8859-1
http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2002/ws/desc/wsdl20/wsdl20.html
Section 2.3.1.1.1 RPC Style (Rules for RPC Signature)
The paragraph (with bullet items) beginning "Furthermore, the
following rules MAY BE used to map between a message and a signature
of a remote procedure call" proposes conventions for a WSDL
processor.
Suggested change: These should either be clearly marked as
non-normative hints or moved to a conformance section.
Section 3.1 Using W3C XML Schema Description Language
The first paragraph states: "All processors MUST support XML Schema
type definitions."
Suggested change: Move to a conformance section.
Section 6.1.1 Mandatory extensions
The first paragraph was:
Extension elements can be marked as mandatory by annotating them with
a wsdl:required attribute information item (see 6.1.2
requiredattribute information item) with a value of "true". Mandatory
extensions are those that MUST be processed correctly by the WSDL
processor. If a mandatory extension element is processed, the WSDL
processor MUST either agree to fully abide by all the rules and
semantics signaled by the extension element's qualified name, or
immediate cease processing (fault). In particular, if the WSDL
processor does not recognize the qualified name of the extension
element, it MUST fault. If the WSDL processor recognizes the qualified
name, and determines that the extension in question is incompatible
with any other aspect of the document (including other required
extensions), it MUST fault.
Suggested changes:
1. State @@somewhere@@:
The extension is identified by the qname consisting of its namespace
URI and its element name.    The meaning of the extension SHOULD be
defined (directly or indirectly) in a document that is available at
its namespace URI.
2. Reword the existing paragraph to:
requiredattribute information item) with a value of "true". A
mandatory extension is an extension that may change the meaning of the
WSDL 2.0 component to which it is attached, such that the meaning of
that component is no longer defined by the WSDL 2.0 language
specification. Instead, the meaning of a WSDL 2.0 component containing
a mandatory extension is governed by the meaning of that extension.
Thus, the definition of the component's meaning is delegated to the
specification that defines the extension.
3. Add to a conformance section:
Mandatory extensions are those that MUST be processed correctly by the
WSDL processor. If a mandatory extension element is processed, the
WSDL processor MUST either agree to fully abide by all the rules and
Section 6.1 Element based extensibility
The fifth paragraph is currently:
An extension element is said to be processed if a WSDL processor
decides (through whatever means) that its parent (an element
information item in the "http://www.w3.org/@@@@/@@/wsdl" namespace)
will be processed. Note that it is possible for WSDL processors to
process only a subset of a given WSDL document. For instance, a tool
may wish to focus on interfaces and operations only, and will
consequently skip bindings.
@@unfinished@@
Section 6.2 Attribute-based extensibility
@@Add something to say what they mean?@@
The Meaning of a WSD
Add something like:
This specification defines both the WSDL 2.0 language (i.e., the set
of legal sentences in this language and their semantics) and a class
of WSDL 2.0 conformant processors.  A Web service description (WSD) is
the set or components represented by a legal sentence in the WSDL 2.0
language, as specified in this document.  Endpoints in the WSD
describe alternate ways for a provider agent and a hypothetical
requester agent to interact.  Each endpoint partially defines the
expected interaction betweenthe provider agent and the hypothetical
requester agent.  @@ Need to explain why it only "partially defines"
the interaction. @@
@@ Need to describe the dependency chain of meaning: The meaning of
the endpoint depends on its constituents.  However, the meaning of the
wsdl:definitions does not depend on the meaning of its endpoints.
(Thus a processor only needs to process the endpoint that it needs.)
@@ Need to say that a WSD makes a set of assertions about the
interaction between the parties in the MEP. (Usually two parties)  @@
Optional Extensions and the WSDL 2.0 Language
The key to understanding optional extensions is to remember that we
are using the "open world" assumption: the WSD does not fully define
the behavior of interacting requester and provider agents, but only
partially defines it.  In other words, if we assume that the WSD
represents a set of assertions about the behavior of an interacting
requester and provider agent, then those agents could have additional
behavior (or additional assertions about their behavior) that is not
described by the WSD.
As a simple example, the WSD may contain a message schema that defines
the type of the <price> element to be a number.  Effectively, it makes
an assertion like:
"Element <price> contains a number."
However, the schema itself does not indicate that this number should
be interpreted as US dollars.  Additional documentation may further
define the application-defined semantics of the interaction, in
essence adding assertions like:
"The units for <price> are US dollars."
Similarly, even the message exchange pattern (MEP) only partially
constrains the sequence of messages between the requester and provider
agents.  The MEP for a request-response interaction, for example,
asserts:
"If the requester agent sends the provider agent a message, then the
provider agent will send a reply message."
However, if the parties agree, then the requester and provider agents
could have additional interaction beyond what the MEP describes.  For
example, the WS could have a special feature such that every time the
WS receives a request, it immediately sends back a preliminary reply
message indicating how soon the full response can be expected.  Then,
when the full response is ready, it sends back the full response in a
separate message.  In other words, both the request and response
messages are still present as asserted by the MEP, but the preliminary
reply is inserted into the request-response pattern as additional
behavior.  This additional behavior
provider agent will also send a preliminary message, prior to sending
the reply message."
Of course, the requester and provider agents will only be able to
interoperate on this basis if: (a) the requester agent discards any
unexpected messages; or (b) the parties have previously agreed to this
special behavior (which would be no more encumbering that agreeing on
the application-specific semantics of the interaction, which the
parties must do out-of-band anyway).
As another example, suppose you have a WS that will happily speak SOAP
1.2 over HTTP, but you want to let users know that it can also speak
some custom whiz-bang protocol.  To do so, the WSD should contain a
SOAP 1.2 over HTTP binding and endpoint.  This endpoint effectively
makes the assertion:
"This WS knows how to speak SOAP 1.2 over HTTP."
In addition, the WSD should specify an optional extension to indicate
that this WS can also speak the whiz-bang protocol.  The optional
extension effectively adds the assertion:
"This WS knows how to speak the whiz-bang protocol."
Any requester agent that understands the optional extension can use
the whiz-bang protocol if it chooses.  But it can also safely ignore
it and use the standard SOAP 1.2 over HTTP binding and endpoint.  The
key point is that the optional extension has not changed the semantics
of the rest of the WSD.  It has merely provided additional assertions
about the capabilities of the WS.
An optional extension therefore may provide additional information
about the expected interaction of the requester and provider agents.
An optional extension DOES NOT invalidate or change the meaning of the
component to which it is attached.
Optional Extensions and WSDL 2.0 Processors
In defining a class of conformant WSDL 2.0 processors, what should we
say about optional extensions?  It depends on what kind of processor
we wish to define.
In some cases, catching as many errors as possible may be desired.
For example, a WSDL processor that is attempting to verify the
complete validity of the WSD and check it for possible mistakes should
NOT ignore an optional extension that it does not recognize, since the
unrecognized extension may represent a spelling error.
In other cases, non-essential errors may be problematic to report.  In
those cases, it may be preferable to stipulate that the WSDL processor
MUST IGNORE any optional extension that it does not recognize, since
the processor could safely ignore it without misunderstanding the
meaning of the rest of the WSD.
Alignment with WebArch Recommendations on Extensions
The above approach to optional extensions aligns with the WebArch
document's advice on the use of "MUST IGNORE" and "MUST UNDERSTAND"
extensibility mechanisms (
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-webarch-20031209/#pr-unknown-extension ),
though I think it provides more explanation of how/why these
approaches work than the WebArch document includes.  Essentially, if a
statement in a language is viewed as making a set of assertions, AND
the language makes the "open world" assumption, then a "MUST IGNORE"
extension is viewed as introducing additional assertions that must not
contradict or invalidate any existing assertions that are defined by
the language.  On the other hand, "MUST UNDERSTAND" may change the
existing semantics of the language and thus may invalidate existing
assertions.
1. Amy's message on conformance, and Jacek's proposal:
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-ws-desc/2004Feb/0110.html
2. Need to add something about delegation of specification
authority.  I.e., WSDL 2.0 spec defines the meaning of a WSDL 2.0
document, but for an extension, the authority for defining the
meaning of a component(?) is delegated to the definition of that
extension.
3. Add something about dependency graph determining what is
4. Finish searching in the WSDL spec for all mentions of:
MUST, SHOULD, MAY, error, processor, warning
5. Mention conformance testing: (1) testing requester and provider
agents; (2) testing WSDL processors.
6. Add GlenD's other example (if he reminds me what it was).  :)
W3C Fellow / Hewlett-Packard
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Received on Thursday, 26 February 2004 11:22:04 UTC
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