Tuttomontefalco.it is a website devoted to promoting Montefalco, Italy, where time has stood still and you can experience serendipity. Taste the traditional foods, wines and the inimitable way of Italian life in the high reaches of Umbria. In order to experience all that the region has to offer, knowledge of Italian language helps a lot and you could learn Italian in Rome the happy ESL route. Learn Italian through ESL language studies abroad programs in Italy and open up doors to enjoyable relations with Italians and also gain a better understanding of the rich cultural heritage of the country.
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This paper from the MVP series focuses on targeted temperature management post cardiac arrest. It was published by Neilson et al in The New England Journal of Medicine in 20131. At the time, therapeutic hypothermia was a controversial topic. Although international resuscitation guidelines recommended therapeutic hypothermia post cardiac arrest, only two trials showed benefit of therapeutic hypothermia2,3, and in one of the two trials, it was unclear whether the benefit was due to hypothermia or prevention of fever2. Therefore, this study aimed to compare targeted therapeutic hypothermia against targeted normothermia, with both regiments aiming to prevent fever, in a large multicenter RCT, to better elucidate the benefit of therapeutic hypothermia.
The authors divided cardiac arrest patients into two arms, one group receiving temperature targets to 33°C and the control arm targeted to 36°C. With data from 939 patients across 36 ICUs, their results showed no significant difference between the two arms. Interestingly, therapeutic hypothermia was not superior in neurological and mortality outcomes.


The results of a new cryptocurrency survey by Fundstrat are in: Bitcoin is the institutional favorite while Ripple and XRP is the favorite on crypto Twitter.
Fundstrat conducted two separate surveys. One was a 10-question survey given to 25 institutions and the other was a Twitter survey of 6 questions with 9,500 responses.
Interestingly, institutions are more bullish on the price of Bitcoin for 2019, with 54% saying BTC has bottomed, with 44% of Twitter voters taking the same stance.
When asked which will be the highest performing token of 2019, the institutions chose BTC by a landslide 59%. EOS followed at 18%, while Ethereum was third at 8%. When the same question was put to the Twitter crowd, 46% chose XRP as the top performer, followed by BTC at 31%, Ethereum at 15%, and EOS at 8%.
XRP also was the most polarizing token of the survey. When asked which coin's investment thesis makes the least sense, the institutions chose XRP at 28%, followed by BTC at 17%. When asked the same question, the Twitter voters chose TRON at 32%, followed by XRP at 31%. BTC came in at 17%.
Both institutions and Twitter voters believe that Bitcoin has already bottomed out. Both also chose central banks as the most important macro factor influencing crypto, followed by emerging markets, geopolitical tension and, finally, the US dollar.


Which version of Outlook Connector do you use?
Naturally, I am able to send and receive email though Hot Mail, so network connectivity is not the issue. What other ideas do you have?
Send/Receive Errors in my outlook email.


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text:
Home বঙ্গবন্ধু বাঙ্গালির মুক্তির সংগ্রামে বঙ্গবন্ধু ১৯৭১ Through the eyes of a child
By Zakir Hossain | ১৯৭১, ৭ মার্চের ভাষণ | 0 comment | 26 December, 2020 | 0
What it felt like to be there on March 7, 1971
My father, the late Barrister Kazi Zahurul Alam, was one of the lawyers defending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman during the Agartala Conspiracy Case.
He was also very involved in the mass movement to remove the dictator Ayub Khan and the hated governor of erstwhile East Pakistan, Abdul Monem Khan.
Those were heady days. Even as a 10-year-old, I remember the excitement and tensions of that time. My father once took me to a hearing of the Agartala Conspiracy Case at cantonment.
I have some slight memory of that day. During the mass movement, the country was under almost constant curfew.
When my dad's close friend Dr Shamsuzzoha was martyred at Rajshahi University, despite all the difficulties, he managed to go to Rajshahi to pay his respects.
I now come back to my original purpose: Bangabandhu's famous speech of March 7. I was honoured to have been present at that historic moment.
At the time, we were living on the Dhaka University campus nearby. That afternoon, my father, along with a few of his friends, headed towards the race course.
There were thousands of people; the mood was jubilant, almost festive. There was an air of rebellion, optimism, and purpose.
We could hear Bangabandhu's charismatic voice on the loudspeaker. Despite the thousands present, the crowd was organized without even a hint of chaos.
Many prominent persons of the time were present, and my father was constantly stopped to exchange political views. Given his reputation as a rather junior lawyer, I was quite surprised to see the respect he had.
Overall, in my young mind, the most impressive memory I have is of Bangabandhu's charisma and his almost hypnotic command over the people present.
Everyone was hungry to hear his words, his instructions, for the coming days. I consider myself lucky to have been present at the most important day perhaps in the history of our nation.
Joy Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu.
Arif Alam is a contributor to the Dhaka Tribune.
Dhaka Tribune | Link Dated: March 6th, 2020
Zakir Hossain
More posts by Zakir Hossain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lakers fans celebrate in downtown Los Angeles despite COVID-19 warnings after NBA Finals win
October 11, 2020, 11:58 PM ·2 min read
The Los Angeles Lakers cruised to a dominant win in Game 6 of the NBA Finals on Sunday night to close out their series with the Miami Heat and win their 17th championship.
[Yahoo Store: Get your Los Angeles Lakers championship gear right here!]
And even though they were asked not to because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Lakers fans celebrated accordingly in Los Angeles.
Lakers fans take to streets around Staples Center
Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti has repeatedly asked fans not to gather downtown or near the Staples Center — which was severely restricted — due to the pandemic.
Still, Lakers fans took to the streets to celebrate their first title in a decade. Many, of course, honored Kobe Bryant — who, along with his daughter Gianna and five others, died in a helicopter crash outside of Los Angeles in January.
At least one Lakers fan, however, took an extra — unusual — precaution to celebrate in public.
The Lakers will undoubtedly hold a traditional title celebration soon. When or how they do so amid the pandemic, though, remains to be seen.
Until then, Lakers president Jeanie Buss will be waiting.
"Laker Nation, when it's safe, I look forward to celebrating with you," Buss said on the court after the win. "Until then, I will bring back the trophy to Los Angeles where it belongs."
Lakers fans celebrate in front of the Staples Center in on October 11, 2020, in Los Angeles, California. People gathered to celebrate after the Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Miami Heat in game 6 of the NBA finals. (Brandon Bell/Getty Images)
More from Yahoo Sports:
Patriots-Broncos postponed after another positive COVID-19 test
Thamel takeaways: Saban's Alabama defense suddenly suspect
Clemson rolls Miami, proves it's in a class of its own in the ACC
Watch: Is Buckley's spinning back kick best KO in UFC history?
Yahoo Sports is committed to finding you the best products at the best prices. We may receive a share from purchases made via links on this page. Pricing and availability is subject to change.
Yankees, Gleyber Torres settle on one-year contract, avoiding arbitration
The Yankees announced on Sunday morning that the club and infielder Gleyber Torres have agreed to a one-year contract, avoiding arbitration.


text:
<?php

namespace Antlr\Tests;
use Antlr\Runtime\ANTLRStringStream;
use Antlr\Runtime\CommonTokenStream;

require_once __DIR__ . "/generated/t024finallyLexer.php";
require_once __DIR__ . "/generated/t024finallyParser.php";

class ParserTest024 extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    function testValid1()
    {
        $parser = $this->parser('foobar');
        $events = $parser->prog();
        self::assertEquals($events, array('catch', 'finally'));
    }

    function parser($expr)
    {
        $ass = ($expr);
        $lex = new \t024finallyLexer($ass);
        $cts = new CommonTokenStream($lex);
        $tap = new \t024finallyParser($cts);
        return $tap;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sadness Grips the Auburn Community
By kmp1219 Jun 11, 2012, 10:30am EDT
Share All sharing options for: Sadness Grips the Auburn Community
via cdn3.sbnation.com
Real life intruded into the sports world once again Saturday night, as two former Auburn University football players were shot and killed at a pool party late in the evening. In addition, Auburn Offensive Lineman, Erick Mack, was wounded in the melee, which occurred at the University Heights apartment complex near the Auburn campus. The suspected gunman, Desmonte Lawson, is still at large.
Former Tigers Edward Christian and Ladarious Phillips were highly recruited out of high school just a few short years ago. Neither player, however, had lived up to expectations and were no longer on the active roster. Mack, a 6'3'' 315 lb. sophomore, is expected to make a full recovery. However, it is unknown whether Mack will be able to return to the field. Obviously, that is the extent of the football analysis for this piece. This is in no way a football story and any impact this may, or may not, have on the fortunes of the Tigers' football team or their standing in the SEC is completely irrelevant to the larger issue.
The thoughts and prayers of the entire BSD staff and community go out to the Auburn University community in their time of sorrow. If we learn of any opportunities to contribute to the Auburn community, we will post them here.


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A Colorado Olympian: Broomfield's Colin Duffy Is One of Team USA's Youngest Athletes And He's Competing In A New Sport
By Ali Budner
· Jul. 21, 2021, 4:00 am
Lucas Webster / @Lukewebster
17 year old Colin Duffy is on Team USA's Olympic climbing team.
When the Olympics begin in Tokyo later this week, 17-year-old Colin Duffy of Broomfield is ready and waiting to compete in a sport that's never been in the Games before – sport climbing.
It's one of six new sports added to the Summer Games this year, including surfing, skateboarding, karate, baseball, and softball.
Duffy thinks the elevation of his sport to Olympic status is a "super monumental" game-changer and he says it's been a long time coming.
"I think climbing is a very unique sport," Duffy told Colorado Matters. "It's pretty big in Colorado since we have lots of mountains and lots of climbing gyms, but in other places of the country, it's not well-known."
Here Are The Coloradans That Have Won Medals At The Tokyo Summer Olympics So Far
Now Duffy, one of four athletes on the US climbing team, will be seen scaling colorful synthetic-rock-studded walls on televisions across the globe.
All sport climbing athletes will compete in three disciplines in the Tokyo games: lead climbing, bouldering and speed climbing. And each person's final score will be a combination of how they fare across the board.
Duffy believes his biggest edge is in lead climbing. "I've had the most success there," he said.
In lead climbing, the athlete uses a rope and other gear as they scale the wall. The objective is to get as close to the top of the route as they can. "The routes are difficult and a good test of endurance and really push athletes to the max," Duffy said.
Bouldering is similar, but without ropes.
And then there's speed climbing.
In lead climbing and bouldering, "every time you compete, the route is different and the movements are nothing like you've exactly seen before and problem solving is really important," said Duffy. Speed climbing, on the other hand, uses a standardized route and is the same every time. So training for that discipline, Duffy says, can feel very different.
Watching videos of Duffy swinging and leaping from black hold to blue hold to yellow hold to red is like watching some kind of strange but elegant dance. "Whenever I'm in the zone," he said, "things just feel more effortless than in a normal training session. That adrenaline rushing through my body really helps me to be at my peak strength and kind of feel like you're defying gravity."
Duffy says he's kind of always been a climber. "I would always climb on furniture at the house, like exercise bikes and the railings." He discovered wall-climbing when he was just four years old at a local recreation center. "I was really psyched to get on the wall and try to ring the bell at the top." And then when he was about seven or eight he started taking it more seriously. "That's when I found real climbing gyms," he said.
And he rose quickly to the top. He was just 13 when he won his first youth world championships. And just 16 -- a high school sophomore -- when he qualified for the Olympics.
He says he doesn't mind all the buzz about his age. "I think it's pretty crazy how young I qualified," Duffy said, "and I guess it's cool that people recognize that."
He also says his age gave him an advantage when the 2020 summer Olympics were postponed due to COVID-19. It might have been a blow to older athletes worried that waiting another year could hurt their chances in competition. "For me personally," said Duffy, "I think it was a good thing. Being so young and growing and having that extra year to train has been super beneficial."
Managing training during a pandemic, all while being a kid
Training during the pandemic was not exactly what he was used to though. Most climbing gyms were closed so he trained on a wall his parents built him in the basement of their house. "I won't say it's very good," said Duffy, "but it's just making the most of the space."
He also had the Great Outdoors. "Being in Colorado, I was able to climb outside instead of training in a gym," he said.
Having nearby rocks and mountains to train on may have helped another Team USA climber. 20-year-old Brooke Raboutou of Boulder is Duffy's longtime climbing friend. Her mother, Robin Raboutou is the founder of Team ABC, the gym where they both grew up climbing and training. "Brooke has been a part of my training ever since I was a little kid," said Duffy. "It's super cool to have someone I know so well be on the Olympic team with me. And it's awesome that two out of the four team members are from Colorado."
Duffy says being an Olympian can sometimes get in the way of high school academics. But he tries to plan his schedule so he has time for both. And he plans to go into engineering in college. He says his math teacher is also a climber and he thinks there may be a connection between the two. Climbing is physical, but also very much about problem-solving. "So," he said, "I think a lot of people that enjoy solving real life problems also enjoy climbing for that reason."
Duffy spoke to Colorado Matters just days before he flew to Japan. He said he was looking forward to the mental focus of being in Tokyo preparing to compete without the distractions of everyday life. You know, he said, "like every day having to go run errands with my parents."
The sport climbing events in Tokyo will take place August 3rd - 5th.
More stories to read about Colorado and the Olympics
These Coloradans Are Heading To The Olympic Games In Tokyo
U.S. Olympic Report: 93 Percent Of Athletes Surveyed Who Experienced Sexual Harassment Or Unwanted Contact Say They Didn't Report It
(Listen) Colorado's Kara Winger is Ready To Throw The Javelin In Her Fourth Olympics


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A homosexual 'war conference'
With homosexuality front and center in the news these last few days, in particular President Obama now saying he supports same-sex marriages, I prepared to post about it today by reviewing past commentaries I've written. And I see that I've had a lot to say about homosexuality in the last 10 years.
I'd like to resubmit some of what I've written here, because this issue is becoming increasingly important to address, and if you don't think it's a big deal, you need to know that's all part of the plan.
Here's what I wrote back in August of 2003.
"In February 1988, a 'war conference' of 175 leading gay activists, representing organizations from across the land, convened in Warrenton, Virginia, (near Washington, D.C.) to establish a four-point agenda for the gay movement." This is a quote from a book written by Harvard-trained social scientists and homosexual activists Marshall Kirk and Hunter Madsen titled After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the 90s. In it they proposed "[d]ismissing the movement's outworn techniques in favor of carefully calculated public relations propaganda" that is designed to control public discourse so that homosexuality would no longer be seen as deviant or abnormal.
They suggested using a three-stage strategy of desensitization, "jamming", and conversion. The desensitization is achieved by a "continuous flood of gay-related advertising, presented in the least offensive fashion possible. If straights can't shut off the shower, they may at least eventually get used to being wet." The saturation is seen, and felt, in the entertainment media, the press, the schools, the medical community, the liberal churches, and corporate America.
Jamming is a cruel manipulation to make the dissenter feel rejected or despised by depicting him or her as a "homohating bigot." And, as Kirk and Madsen put it, "…our effect is achieved without reference to facts, logic, or proof…whether he is conscious of the attack or not. Indeed, the more he is distracted by any incidental, even specious, surface arguments, the less conscious he'll be of the true nature of the process-which is all to the good."
Conversion is "conversion of the average American's emotions, mind, and will, through a planned psychological attack, in the form of propaganda fed to the nation via the media." All the above quotes are directly out of Kirk and Madsen's book.
It's clear to me that homosexual activists have been effectively using this covert and subversive strategy for at least the last 15 years. Even former president of the Los Angeles chapter of the National Organization for Women and self-described lesbian feminist Tammy Bruce has spoken out against their deceptive campaign in her book The New Thought Police. In comparing it to conventional consumer marketing she says, "What is pitched is different-a product brand versus an issue-but the method is the same. In each case, the critical thing is not to let the public know how it is done."
As I demonstrated in my post about homosexual activist Dan Savage, though the pro-gay lobby and their constituents are almost exclusively portrayed in the media as the good guys and those who oppose same-sex marriage as the opposite, that's a gross misrepresentation. There are haters on both sides.
Gay activists can't claim the high road while bullying and manipulating and keep from falling off a cliff. And if this is 'war,' we'll never have peace until both sides lay down their arms.
Tags : Chrisitanity, faith, gay activism, homosexuality
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14 thoughts on "A homosexual 'war conference'"
Tafacory on May 9, 2012 at 7:19 pm said:
So here we have the classic question of ethics. What do we focus on; the ends or the means? If bad deeds are committed for a good, a good that can be enjoyed by a significant segment of the population, is that morally acceptable or morally justified? Furthermore, if the good does not harm the rest of the population, is it more morally acceptable or justified?
Caroline Smith on May 9, 2012 at 10:30 pm said:
Thanks for reading and commenting. Morality is key, as you indicate, but more and more we want to pick and choose which morals we will live by. Someday we may be down to . . . none. Without faith in God, morality is just pragmatism which can be tweaked and discarded with the changing times, and homosexuality is easily accepted. But God is real and He has something to say about it. But He had a lot more to say about those who do not love their neighbor, and this is where I need to park before each day's battle in the culture wars.
Tafacory on May 10, 2012 at 6:21 pm said:
So how do you feel about the Old Testament? I've had several Christian friends tell me that the Old Testament's laws were made obsolete by Jesus' death. But if that's the case, then homosexuality is not that big of a deal. It's to be forgiven and forgotten; Jesus' core message was to love one another and God. It seems that you may actually be the person that is picking and choosing in this situation. Just an observation.
thewretched6foodies on May 10, 2012 at 2:35 pm said:
Great blog. Interesting.
Caroline Smith on May 11, 2012 at 11:40 am said:
Hey…I know who this is 🙂 But what I don't know is which of the wretched 6 you are. I'll have to follow your blog at least until I figure it out.
Thanks for reading mine!
Caroline Smith on May 11, 2012 at 2:37 pm said:
Tafacory, I'm no Old Testament scholar, but here's the way I understand it: Much of the OT is obsolete because it foreshadowed Jesus' death until He came, like the animal sacrifices. Or they were rules and regulations to set them apart as God's people, to distinguish them from the nations around them and demonstrate God's holiness. These do not apply to us because the Jews were (and are) a special race, people, nation chosen by God and with that came specific restrictions and commands for who and where they were at the time.
But, of course, if you consider the whole OT obsolete, then loving God is no longer required nor loving your neighbor. We can all have fun lying, stealing, and murdering and adultery is no big deal neither.
So how do I know that homosexuality is still forbidden? you might ask. Good question. At the very least because it is portrayed as sinful before the Law and afterwards in the New Testament. In Genesis 13 the men of Sodom (of course, where we get our word sodomy) are called wicked and "great sinners against the LORD." In the New Testament it is spoken very strongly against in Romans 1 as well as I Corinthians 6:9 and 1 Timothy 1:10.
And yes, we are to love one another. But the "first and greatest commandment" is to love God, and if we are calling something good that He calls evil, we are not loving Him.
I think there's a mistake in your thinking. It's the slippery slope fallacy. Homosexuality does not necessarily cause gambling, lying, theft, etc. It could. That's a possibility. But how often do you think that happens? What evidence is there that a person who is homosexual that embraces that identity, that lifestyle, that worldview is inevitably going to end up committing numerous crimes? Going off of hearsay is extremely foolish. Not pragmatic at all.
Regarding the Old Testament, one could also argue that these men were wicked because they wanted to rape the men, not just because they wanted sex with them. If you read into the context the men just say that they want to have sex. But it is implicitly clear that these men are there to rape others. Granted, this is just one explanation and not a very strong one at that, but it must be considered.
Lastly, you seem to fail to make a distinction between homosexuality as a sin and homosexuality as an identity. It's one thing to participate in sinful acts, which arguably includes homosexuality. But the homosexual is not evil just because he has predispositions to homosexual desires and inclinations. If that were the case, we'd all have to hate one another. There could be no loving of our neighbors. We'd all be fighting each other to love God more since, in His eyes, we're all hopelessly depraved anyways.
I think you misunderstood me. What I was saying was, if all the Old Testament was obsolete, then the 10 Commandments would be also…i.e. do not lie, steal, murder, commit adultery, etc.
And I agree that a predisposition to homosexuality is not sinful.It's the homosexual acts that are. As are plenty of other acts like viewing pornography, immodesty, lewd behavior. And greed and rudeness and self-righteousness.
But even if the Bible or God did not command those rules, it does not mean that humans would not embrace them. That would be to assume that there can be no morality outside of God's commandments. But there are many secular people who live more moral lives than religious adherents.
It is true that atheists can lead moral lives. That is because they too are made in God's image and He has given each of us a conscience. As it says in Romans 2:14-15, "For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness…"
But without God there cannot be objective morality, so an atheist has no basis from which to argue that one behavior is better or worse than another.
I think your last comment is a very sly one, but one that too many people buy into. If we are discussing morality from a philosophical realm, there can be arguments to show that even if objective morality exists, it exists apart from God, i.e., it exists independently of God and whether or not one worships or even believes in God. But to show you that your reasoning is incorrect, let's perform a thought experiment. Take the statement, "There is morality because God exists." Now we'll take the opposite of that statement "There is no morality because God does not exist." But note here that when we reflect upon these statements, they do not have the same feel or perception as other truth claims. There is no logical contradiction to them. Now, take another example "Married men cannot be bachelors." But if we negate this "Married men can be bachelors." Here we run into an inherent contradiction. Standard definitions applying, this is an example of a contradiction meaning that it is impossible for it to be true. It is necessarily false and the original is necessarily true. But our previous claims about God and morality do not have the same structure or feel. I would argue that this demonstrates that God and morality coexisting is not a necessary truth. But if it is not a necessary truth, then perhaps it can be shown to be false. And that's when the works of philosophers like Nietzsche, Nielsen, and others come into play. A world without God is not guaranteed to be a world of oppression, death, violence, slavery, famine, and chaos. While it is possible and even plausible, the lack of God's existence does not translate into human misery. Humans can create morality to be objective or they can be programmed via biological means to accept objective morality. God is not a required part of the equation. Cheers.
Though I'm not sure I follow your "thought experiment," I don't believe it is valid. In your first statement pair about God, you negated both statement clauses. In the second you only negated the relationship between being married and being a bachelor. A correct correlation would have been to say "Unmarried men can be bachelors," which, of course, is true.
But in order for morality to be objective, there must be an objective standard. And no human being who must follow an objective moral code can be the one who establishes it.
Tafacory on May 17, 2012 at 10:09 pm said:
You make a good point. My example does need to be revised but the point stands all the same. "Morality exists because God exists" and "Moral does not exist because God does not exist" is similar to "Married bachelors exist" and "Married bachelors do not exist." But we see with the latter that the first statement is a contradiction, a necessary falsehood. But that does not happen with the statements referring to God. Thus it is not a necessary truth that God and morality are inseparable.
As for moral objectivity, why can natural selection and the other mechanisms of evolution be responsible for the development of human morality? That would be something independent of human existence that nonetheless could be responsible for the presence of human morality.
Caroline Smith on May 18, 2012 at 8:46 am said:
The point I'm trying to make T, is that without an objective moral standard outside of humanity, you would have no moral basis for insisting that it is wrong for me to take anything of yours for myself. I could even argue survival of the fittest…if you had something that would be beneficial for my health and survival and I had the ability to take it from you, I should.


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Hudson-Odoi and Reece James to take key steps toward Chelsea returns this evening
By Chris Smith
Published: 12:56, 13 September 2019
Frank Lampard has confirmed youngsters Callum Hudson-Odoi and Reece James will return to action for Chelsea U23s against Brighton on Friday night.
Hudson-Odoi made a big impression on the Blues' first-team last season but was sidelined toward the end of the campaign with a ruptured Achilles.
Five things to know about Lampard's fitness boost…
Lampard has spoken highly of both Hudson-Odoi and James in the past.
But both have been sidelined with injury so far this season.
Cesar Azpilicueta has come under fire already this season and many are tipping James to replace him.
Lampard has confirmed Hudson-Odoi and James will feature for Chelsea's U23 side on Friday.
Hudson-Odoi managed four goals and two assists in just nine Europa League appearances last season.
James, meanwhile, suffered an ankle injury while on international duty with England U20s over the summer but is thought to be at the forefront of Lampard's plans after impressing on loan at Wigan Athletic in the Championship last season.
But Lampard has confirmed that both players have made big strides toward fitness and will get some minutes under their belts on Friday.
"Callum is going to play for the U23s this evening along with Reece James," Lampard told reporters.
READ MORE: Wolves vs Chelsea preview, predictions & possible XIs
"They'll get minutes, which is important now. Callum has been training for a while but there are some issues we need to make sure we're okay with – the actual injury itself.
"He'll need to get match fit so these games are really beneficial for him. They're two young players that are going to be big for this club going forward – we'll be watching."
The new Chelsea manager also provided an update on some more senior members of his squad, confirmed Mateo Kovacic will be fit to face Wolves on Saturday, but admitting this game has come a little too early for French midfielder N'Golo Kante, who is recovering from an ankle problem.
Lampard added: "N'Golo is not fit, Kovacic is. This game has come too soon for him, hopefully close. We are waiting for that final step, but hopefully, that will be the same time."
Chelsea have had a tough start to the season under Lampard, winning just one of their four Premier League games so far.
They face a Wolves side on Saturday who have only lost one game so far but are yet to pick up three points in the new campaign.
Norwich City's "complete striker" Teemu Pukki wins first Premier League...
Eden Hazard is "ready" to finally make his La Liga...


text:
Factors for the Success of Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography
Mark R. Schure
Special Issues, Special Issues-04-03-2009, Volume 27, Issue 4
Page Number: 8–15
The use and evolution of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LCxLC) technique is explored with respect to instrumentation and applications.
As more separation scientists become involved with multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC), the science, technology, and methodology of this technique evolves. Some of the evolution of the technique is due to the need to analyze samples with more detail and with greater speed. But in MDLC, and specifically the two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) technique, it is important to study the key applications and the availability of instrumentation to understand how the LC×LC technique is evolving.
In this article, I will focus primarily on the most common LC×LC method, which is the "comprehensive" mode of operation (1). In the comprehensive mode of operation, the whole fractionation space is examined on-line. In contrast, in the so-called "heart-cutting" method of LC×LC analysis (1), which has been utilized for decades, only part of the eluted sample from the first column or "first dimension" is submitted to another column — the "second dimension" — for limited high resolution analysis. This mode of LC×LC separation will not be discussed further. We will discuss off-line operation where the first dimension is deposited in a fraction collector with subsequent analysis of each fraction with a second column that possesses different retention characteristics than the first dimension column. The interest in off-line separations is as follows: If the scientist needs to have the ultimate amount of resolution, as one needs in exploratory research, then taking a long amount of time, for example a whole day, is not necessarily a restriction. However, if one develops a method that needs to be used in a routine way with throughput issues, then the comprehensive mode is most desirable.
Rather than ask the question: "Why isn't LC×LC analysis being utilized in most labs where high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the mainstay of techniques?" we ask another question: "What applications require the resolving power that LC×LC can potentially deliver?" Many techniques in separation science are developed that tend to evolve over a period of time and LC×LC is a technique with such growth. Many techniques have also appeared with a large growth in a short time and then retreat into a smaller usage. An example of this is capillary electrophoresis. So what is the state of LC×LC and why isn't it being practiced in more laboratories? In this article, I will attempt to answer questions such as this. We will avoid from discussing the gas chromatography (GC) analog, GC×GC, which has been offered commercially by a number of manufacturers and has a following for certain high resolution analyses of volatile samples like fuels, volatile natural products, odor analysis, and other applications. Clearly this technique is more developed commercially, but the promise of having high resolution analysis of biomolecules and industrial polymers largely has driven the interest in LC×LC.
When one inquires about applications and how they drive commercial instrument development, a very insightful article by Guiochon (2) should be consulted. This article suggests that applications drive the need for commercial instruments and that techniques that endure and mature, rather than die, do so because of applications that are best done by that instrument and technique. It is the "key" applications that keep the instrument and technique viable. I will examine this effect for LC×LC and discuss applications that clearly need the capabilities that LC×LC brings.
A number of key factors have been driving the increased use of LC×LC. These include
Increased resolving power due to orthogonal retention mechanisms. These analyses run the spectrum of molecular weights from low to high. LC×LC can be the key to resolving multifunctional molecules and polymers that are not resolvable in 1D chromatography. An example of this orthogonality is shown in Figure 1, where the two retention mechanisms almost act independently to resolve the alkyl and ethylene oxide chain-length distributions within small polymer surfactants.
Increased peak capacity because the sample complexity is too high for a 1D method. In proteomics and other areas where biomolecule separations are practiced, there are too many peaks to fit into a 1D separation space; LC×LC has more separation space than LC.
More researchers are becoming familiar with LC×LC and trying LC×LC for new applications. These researchers are finding success with the method where 1D methods have not been successful. Part of this is driven by the increased literature of LC×LC and part is driven by the increased commercialization of the technique.
Figure 1: LC×LC using normal-phase LC (first dimension) and reversed-phase LC (second dimension) of Neodol 25-12 with the corresponding chemical structure and average ethylene oxide distribution as supplied by the manufacturer. Reprinted from reference 3 with permission of the American Chemical Society.
These three factors drive the development of the technique. However, the reality is that relatively few chromatographers have tried LC×LC in contrast to GC×GC and in contrast to the routine use of LC (that is, HPLC). I will now focus on the available instrumentation and on the key applications that drive the evolution of the technique.
Available Instrumentation
One limiting factor in the evolution of LC×LC is that equipment for LC×LC is not widely available. In some cases, researchers have assembled their own equipment and this has been the case from the earliest of publications. There are three ways to go here. The first is to invent the missing pieces to the LC×LC puzzle. The second is to add on commercially available "add-on" kits to existing HPLC systems. The add-on approach consists mostly of software because the additional hardware of valves, columns, and pumps are available from the standard chromatographic equipment manufacturers. The third is to buy a preassembled and integrated instrument that can perform LC×LC as soon as the instrument is set up. Before discussing all three of these scenarios, I will review the basic operation of the hardware and software.
As shown in Figure 2, the main hardware feature of LC×LC comprises a 10-port valve (other numbers of ports can also be used [1]) to control the two columns which provide different retention mechanisms that comprise LC×LC. In position A, the valve is set to feed the eluent from column 1 into sample loop L1. At the same time, pump 2 is eluting the zone that was stored in sample loop L2 through column 2 into the detector or detectors. When sample loop L1 is filled, the valve is switched to position B, also shown in Figure 2. Now pump 2 elutes the contents of sample loop L1 into column 2 with subsequent separation and elution from column 2. Simultaneously in position B, the eluent from column 1 is now being collected in sample loop L2. This process is repeated periodically until all of the peaks eluted from column 1 have been sampled repetitively by column 2.
Figure 2: LC×LC with a 10-port valve and two sample loops. In position A, loop 1 (L1) is being loaded with sample effluent from column 1 and loop 2 (L2) is being injected onto column 2. In position B, L2 is loaded with sample effluent from column 1 and L1 is being injected onto column 2. Figure and caption taken with permission from reference 1.
The software needed to implement LC×LC takes the signals stored from a detector such as a UV detector, mass spectrometer, multiwavelength diode array detector, or evaporative light scattering detector and converts these into a matrix form for display, as shown in Figure 1. The sampling of the detector signal would look somewhat repetitive if viewed in a linear manner with time. The LC×LC software provides the visualization capability of the data matrix and in addition, controls the time-dependent switching of the valve. Other features of software include differencing of 2D chromatograms, determining retention times in two dimensions, isolation of zone spectra and other features, such as converting off-line 1D chromatograms into 2D chromatograms.
"In-house" developed software: Although the software needed for LC×LC can be developed "in house," this is a huge job which is better done by software specialists working in conjunction with chromatographers. However, most industrial laboratories cannot afford to tie up the resources for the length of time it takes to develop this software. In addition, many industrial laboratories do not have the programming expertise needed to do this. The development of LC×LC software by academic laboratories is mostly done to produce custom, adaptable systems and to save money. For laboratories that expect to use LC×LC with routine usage, the software should be available as either add-on or available as part of a fully integrated commercial instrument.
Add-on software for LC×LC: There are a number of commercial sources (4–6) through which LC×LC capabilities can be added to an existing 1D instrument. In this case, the analyst must have good experimental skills as the valve, the sample loops, and the additional pump must be added, although this is not difficult to do. One of the keys to the add-on kit is the universal part of this approach. The software should be able to read common file formats. In most cases this comes down to using the export facility that writes the data in the NetCDF format (1) used by most manufacturers of chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) data systems.
Integrated systems for LC×LC: Users who use chromatography for routine use, but need the enhanced resolution of LC×LC, want instruments with fully integrated hardware and software in a "turnkey" system. Many instrument companies who are associated with 1D HPLC do offer LC×LC products. I will not list them here because one can find this information on the internet and it is dynamic.
Most of these companies are selling LC×LC as a proteomics system. Some companies sell an off-line version and some sell the comprehensive on-line version of LC×LC. In most cases the larger companies may also sell GC×GC which has been commercially accepted longer than LC×LC. In most cases, these turnkey systems have MS capability as the proteomics applications are dependent heavily upon MS and must be integrated into the analysis scheme.
Problems with LC×LC Instrumentation That Need to Be Overcome
Sampling and second dimension speed: In LC×LC, the overall speed of the method is limited by having to sample the first dimension some number of times across a first dimension peak. This number of samples can limit the method: If too many samples are taken, the analysis time is prohibitively long. If too few samples are taken, the zone shape becomes distorted and resolution reduced. Although I have recommended four samples per peak since the original publication on sampling in LC×LC (7), this is tough to do without slowing down the overall analysis. Davis and colleagues, using simulation (8), recently recommended at least four samples per peak. I believe the rigorous sampling of the first dimension, with its concomitant slow-down of the overall analysis, is one of the largest limitations inherent in the comprehensive LC×LC method. The sampling frequency (and time) appears to fundamentally limit the speed with which LC×LC can be practiced.
There are a number of ways to minimize this problem. The first is to develop fast, high resolution methods for the second dimension. One approach to this has been developed by Peter Carr's group (9) and employs a very fast gradient elution system that can maintain complete 2D cycle times of 21 s. The other method is to employ multiple columns in the second dimension so that the second dimension time can be halved effectively (10). This approach however, requires software that can compensate for differences between these columns, which should be nearly identical for the best results. In addition, some applications, if they are to be done routinely in 2D and retention times need to be used for identification, retention time alignment software may be required.
Off-line analysis is also not particularly well developed. In off-line sequential analysis by LC×LC, N sequential 2D runs are performed in a serial manner, where N is the number of samples from the 1D column. The serial nature of the 2D analysis causes the total analysis time to be quite long. This could be speeded up if parallel, high-throughput chromatography was employed. There are a few systems commercially available that can perform parallel chromatography. However, these systems are not integrated into off-line LC×LC products.
The most recognized theoretical argument for any multidimensional technique is that the total peak capacity, nc, is the product of the peak capacity in each dimension such that nc = n1 { n2 · · · The peak capacity is a theoretical construct that describes the number of chromatographic peaks that can be placed side by side from the start to the end of the chromatogram. Obviously, since peaks do not ever occur with this elution pattern, the peak capacity is a concept rather than something easily measurable, although there have been schemes published on how to measure peak capacity. In that regard, the theoretical development of LC×LC needs an injection of more data analysis techniques.
Peak capacity arguments fall short in some applications because many bio-derived samples are far more complex than 2D can resolve. This limitation is often true with industrial polymers as well, as the separation power needed to resolve individual peaks for each polymer chain length also falls short. Unlike many MS-based methods where resolution can be obtained at the individual "mer" level, chromatography cannot distinguish individual polymers in the medium to high mass range.
A separation complexity index would be a most favorable development that could be measured from experiment. This would facilitate the comparison of 2D and 1D separation results. In regards to modern analysis, MS detectors have not been utilized fully to increase the resolving power for 1D or 2D chromatograms through peak defusing algorithms. These algorithms would help increase the 2D (or for that matter 1D) resolution that chromatography is employed for. This has apparently been taking place with GC×GC in one manufacturer's product but would be a welcome development for LC×LC.
In one study (9) that compared 1D and 2D operation, under a number of constraints, it was shown that for times longer than approximately 10 min, the 2D technique had better separation characteristics than the 1D method. This is a powerful statement and should help drive the continued interest in LC×LC. However, this leads to the question of whether the enhanced performance is worth the additional method development time and the additional experimental complexity required for LC×LC.
Key Applications of Interest
Polymers: One of the oldest applications of LC×LC is for polymer analysis where the first dimension is a reversed-phase LC column and the second dimension is typically a size-exclusion column. This system basically separates on a hydrophobicity scale and then on a molecular size scale. This is quite effective and many laboratories that are engaged with polymers of all types, for example surfactants, block copolymers and industrial chemicals of molecular weight typically greater than 600 Da, can profit highly by this analysis. The 2D application shown in Figure 1 is in this class of separations.
Certain companies have seriously invested in the LC×LC technology and in some cases because the polymer analysis application is so important, these companies have developed either their own equipment or used the add-on products quite successfully. A good overview of the present state of the art in polymer LC×LC is given in references (11–13).
MS has now been used routinely for these types of analyses and can also be employed for some sequencing information in block and graft copolymers. Traditionally UV and evaporative light scattering detectors have been employed as single-channel detectors for polymer analysis and that continues. For copolymer analysis the first dimension may be the so-called liquid chromatography at the critical condition (LCCC) (11) where one of the block components is made "retentionless" through the precise choice of chromatographic solvent conditions. A LC×LC chromatogram of this type is shown in Figure 3 where LCCC is used as the first dimension for characterizing the triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO (11) where PEO is polyethylene oxide and PPO is polypropylene oxide.
Figure 3: LC×LC separation of a polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer. First dimension is a reversed-phase LC run under critical chromatographic conditions and the second dimension is SEC. Figure and caption taken with permission from reference 11.
It is safe to say that the analysis of polymers is one of the most successful applications of LC×LC. Because of the economic importance of this application, it is practiced in many laboratories regardless of the availability of commercially available instrumentation. This ensures the evolution of the technique, within the confines of the organization where it is practiced, but does not necessarily contribute to the evolution of the technique as a whole.
Proteomics: The workhorse for discovery research in proteomics is often the two-dimensional separation of intact proteins using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension with subsequent resolution using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF/PAGE) (14) in the second dimension. Hundreds of zones are often displayed with separations using IEF–PAGE. Zone identification is often made by transferring a zone or "spot" from the gel to an LC–MS or LC–MS-MS system after digestion to liberate the peptides. Proteins are identified by their peptide signatures using database searches.
The big advantage of using LC×LC over the gel format is the faster analysis, a much lower detection limit, and an increase in reproducibility. Clearly, the LC×LC technique is far more useful if multiple analyses need to be conducted, for example screening a diverse population for some biomarker. However, the elution of hydrophobic proteins is problematic and solubility problems abound for biological fluid analysis. These issues also exist for gels and are perhaps more problematic with gel-based separations. Although the IEF–PAGE technique yields hundreds of peaks, LC×LC does not elute hundreds of peaks. Therefore, LC×LC is not yet competitive with IEF–PAGE for exploratory research. Clearly, proteomics research needs more than three dimensions (LC×LC–MS) for single-component resolution as the number of components in biological analysis may be extremely high when one considers just how diverse the proteome is with the different isoforms, amino acid polymorphisms and the large dynamic concentration range that is present in serum.
Figure 4: The total ion current (TIC) chromatogram and deconvoluted protein mass map for an LC×LC (strong cation exchange–reversed phase)–MS analysis of yeast ribosomal proteins. The bubble size is proportional to the component intensity. Figure and caption taken with permission from reference 15.
One long-running debate over the last decade has been whether "top-down" proteomics (analyzing intact proteins) or "bottom-up" proteomics (analyzing peptide signatures from digested proteins) is the best way to go. High resolution chromatographic separation of intact proteins is difficult in one chromatographic dimension, and the problem is not resolved with two dimensions and probably not with three dimensions either. Many chromatographic studies show that peptide analysis can be conducted effectively with higher resolution in two dimensions, however, one is increasing sample complexity with this scheme in the name of analyzing smaller molecular (that is, peptide) units, rather than analyzing intact proteins. One analysis of intact proteins performed with LC×LC–MS is shown in Figure 4; the power of this approach is only beginning to be explored (15). Lubman and coworkers, at the University of Michigan, use chromatofocusing in the first dimension as a replacement for the IEF step and use reversed-phase LC in the second dimension in their biomarker work. A 2D chromatogram from their work (16) is shown in Figure 5. Although chromatofocusing does not have the resolution that IEF is capable of, as it is not truly a focusing technique, the results are impressive nonetheless.
Figure 5: Peak patterns of 11 serous and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cell lines. Fraction pI 6.05 to 6.20, gradient range from 30% to 78%. The relative intensities of the band are quantitatively proportional to the amount of corresponding protein detected by UV absorption. Figure and caption taken with permission from reference 16.
It is unusual for medical diagnostic purposes to have analytical instruments of high cost and complexity thrust on to the high-throughput testing regime used for serum-based analysis schemes, which often are based upon the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology. Because many biomarker discovery systems are based upon LC×LC with MS, this would require a change in the laboratory facilities used presently for high-throughput biomarker testing. However, when MRI, CAT, and PET-scan technologies were introduced, they often were seen as too exotic for general utilization. The acceptance of these technologies is now taken for granted because of the phenomenal usefulness and wide range of application. LC×LC–MS may take longer to adapt as these instruments are not designed for high-throughput operation. If it is determined that LC×LC–MS is "the" technique for a certain type of biomarker, it is quite possible that this would change at a rapid pace.
Metabolomics: The characterization of metabolic profiles in an organism recently has been coined with the term "metabolomics." These studies typically are concerned with small molecules and techniques as diverse as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and GC have been utilized to fingerprint the metabolome. For exploratory purposes, one would like to know what specific compounds might be useful as diagnostic markers. LC×LC may be ideal for this but more research needs to be done. Rather than use a crystal ball (mine is still in the shop being repaired), it must be seen over time whether LC×LC is the key or that GC can be effectively utilized. As expected, the diversity of molecules in the metabolome is huge.
Process analytical technology: Work at Biogen Idec (Cambridge, Massachusetts) (17) has shown that LC×LC can be conducted on the manufacturing floor as part of an analytical system for monitoring the concentrations of processed biomolecules. The utilization of analytical instruments on the factory floor is often called process analytical technology (PAT). This is a most impressive application of LC×LC as the need to characterize the components of interest could not be accomplished in one dimension in this application. Biotechnology applications abound for LC×LC and this is just one of many LC×LC applications where the selectivity and resolution of one-dimensional chromatography was not adequate for the task at hand. In the PAT application, custom hardware and software was configured as this is a leading edge application that is not currently offered in a turnkey package.
In addition to the changes in instrumentation, which may be new to many chromatographers, developing a new method for LC×LC is different than developing a method for the traditional one-dimensional LC analysis. Method development for LC×LC is an area that requires more work because the column choice has to be thought out and there are very few procedural methods worked out for LC×LC. One recently published scheme is a hierarchical method (18) where "cardinal rules" were stated. These rules, in the order of importance, include: column selection, determining sampling speed, solvent systems selection and design of gradients, second-dimension elution time determination, sample loop volume determination, and first-dimension optimization. Integrated into this scheme are the usual optimization techniques for 1D columns. If the user of LC×LC simply copies a method from the literature, then a certain amount of tweaking time is probably in order because the columns may not be exactly the same. However, one should not dismiss the time it takes to develop a LC×LC method; if the sample is truly complex, this step can be very long and occupy the analyst's time with far greater intensity than just simply running the analysis in an unoptimized manner. As stated in reference 18, "In the case of a separation that can be resolved adequately with a one-dimensional method, the added complexity of LC×LC is not worth the effort." But this scenario should not happen too often as the driving force for conducting LC×LC is to analyze complex samples and the resolving power limits of one-dimensional methods becomes readily apparent with little effort. Furthermore, the reproducibility of LC×LC is very good and the inherent error in the LC×LC method is not large — it is similar to that found for 1D methods depending upon whether quantitative results are desired. Quantitative LC×LC must be explored, as only a few papers have examined this aspect. Instrument companies and academic labs can make important contributions in this area.
What Needs to be Done
Manufacturers of LC×LC equipment need to become more visible in the development of this technology. Better methodology for parts of the methods development cycle, for example, software and schemes for evaluating the pairing of first and second dimension columns, needs to be developed. Instrument companies also need to continue to develop standards for multidimensional software, including the expansion of definitions useful to multidimensional chromatography for the NetCDF data standard. These were intended to be defined but never were for multidimensional chromatography (1). If these standards were defined, it would be possible to exchange 2D chromatograms between instruments and software systems easily. This would facilitate the development of new chemometrics schemes for 2D chromatography and MS analysis.
Short courses have covered many of the aspects for both polymer analysis and proteomics application in LC×LC. These need to be developed further as were the basic HPLC short courses over the last 25 years. More key applications will drive the instrument companies to offer more refined instrumentation specifically focusing on these applications. The user community can then embrace this technology and drive it forward. Finally, increased insight from more basic studies and additional software will allow the off-line version of LC×LC, which requires just a fraction collector and additional software, to be far more utilized than it has been in the past and present.
Many conferences have highlighted LC×LC over the last decade and continue to do so. These include the HPLC symposium conference, the ISPPP conference, and the hyphenated techniques in chromatography conference (HTC), among others. Short courses on LC×LC are given routinely at these conferences. As more applications are shown to be viable for LC×LC, the field will move forward and offer the scientist more capabilities through advances in instrumentation and methodology.
Discussions with Dr. Robert E. Murphy, Dr. Steven A. Cohen and Prof. David M. Lubman are gratefully acknowledged.
Rohm and Haas Company Springhouse, Pennsylvania
Please direct correspondence to Mark.Schure@GMail.com
(1) R E. Murphy, M. R. Schure, "Instrumentation for Comprehensive Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography," in Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Applications in Industrial Chemistry and the Life Sciences, S.A. Cohen and M.R. Schure, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2008), Chapter 5.
(2) G. Guiochon, Am. Lab., p. 14–15, Sept. 1998.
(3) R.E. Murphy, M.R. Schure, and J.P. Foley, Anal. Chem.70, 4353–4360 (1998).
(4) GC Image: http://www.gcimage.com
(5) Kroungold Analytical: http://www.kroungold.com
(6) Polymer Standard Service: http://www.polymer.de/
(8) J.M. Davis, D.R. Stoll, and P.W. Carr, Anal. Chem. 80, 461–473 (2008).
(9) D.R. Stoll, X. Wang, and P.W. Carr, Anal. Chem. 80, 268–278 (2008).
(10) A.J. Alexander and L. Ma, J. Chromatogr., A 1216, 1338–1345 (2009).
(11) F. Rittig and H. Pasch, "Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography in Industrial Applications," in Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Applications in Industrial Chemistry and the Life Sciences, S.A. Cohen and M.R. Schure, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2008), Chapter 17.
(12) P. Kliz, R.-P. Kruger, H. Much, and G. Schulz, "Two-Dimensional Chromatography for the Deformulation of Complex Copolymers," in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, T. Provder, H.C. Barth and M.W. Urban, Eds., Adv. In Chemistry Series, No. 247 (Am. Chem. Soc., Washington D.C. 1995), Chapter 17.
(13) P. Kilz, Chromatographia 59, 3–14 (2004).
(14) J E. Celis and R. Bravo, Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins (Academic Press, New York, 1984).
(15) S.A. Cohen and S.J. Berger, "Multidimensional Separation of Proteins with On-Line Electrospray Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Detection," in Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Applications in Industrial Chemistry and the Life Sciences, S.A. Cohen and M.R. Schure, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2008), Chapter 13.
(16) D. Lubman, N.S. Buchanan, F.R. Miller, K. Cho, R. Wu, S. Goodison, Y. Wang, P. Kreunin, and T.J. Barder, "Two-Dimensional Liquid Mass Mapping Technique for Biomarker Discovery," in Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Applications in Industrial Chemistry and the Life Sciences, S.A. Cohen and M.R. Schure, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2008), Chapter 10.
(17) Y. Lyubarskaya, Z. Sosic, D. Houde, S. Berkowitz, and R. Mhatre, "2DLC/MS for In-Process Analysis of a Recombinant Protein Concentration and Glycosylation," presentation at ISPPP 2007, Orlando, Florida (www.isppp.org).
(18) R.E. Murphy and M.R. Schure, "Method Development in Comprehensive Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography," in Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Applications in Industrial Chemistry and the Life Sciences, S.A. Cohen and M.R. Schure, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 2008), Chapter 6


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Il mago Wiz (Wizard of Id) è una serie di strisce ideata da Johnny Hart nel 1964 insieme al disegnatore Brant Parker.  Esordisce il 9 novembre 1964 raggiungendo presto il successo venendo pubblicata anche in molti altri paesi del mondo. La striscia ha avuto e ha ancora un successo enorme venendo pubblicata su migliaia di giornali e riviste in tutto il mondo da oltre 50 anni superando le 1200 testate sulle quali è comparsa e raggiungendo un successo tale da far ottenere a entrambi gli autori numerosi premi e riconoscimenti: nel 1981 Hart ha ricevuto premio Segar e Parker ha più volte ricevuto lo Humor Comic Strip Award conferito dalla National Cartoonist Society. La Creators Syndicate di New York, la società di distribuzione della serie, alla morte di Brant, lo ha ricordato con queste parole «Brant è stato uno degli innovatori più originali del mondo dei fumetti e il suo talento si è ben manifestato in The Wizard of Id».

La serie è ambientata in un castello medievale popolato da personaggi comici e sarcastici con modi di pensare e problemi quotidiani decisamente più da ventesimo secolo che da Medioevo.

Storia editoriale
Negli anni sessanta Hart sviluppo la nuova striscia insieme al disegnatore Brant Parker. Venne distribuita la prima volta 9 novembre 1964 dal Publishers-Hall Syndicate viene pubblicata da oltre 50 anni; nel 1997 Parker passo la mano a suo figlio Jeff il quale aveva assistito il padre nei dieci anni precedenti, continuandone l'opera insieme a Johnny Hart fino alla morte di questi nel 2007, dopodiché continuò insieme ad altri membri della famiglia Hart, Mick Mastroianni, nipote dell'altro creatore Johnny Hart.

Edizione italiana
In Italia la serie venne pubblicata in appendice alla collana Urania e sulla rivista Linus già dagli anni sessanta, così come l'altra serie di Hart, B.C., e continuando a esservi pubblicata per decenni; compare anche su altre riviste e quotidiani e raccolte periodicamente in volume.

Trama
Il reame di Id, in pieno medioevo, è governato da un sovrano molto basso, avido, tirannico, iracondo e crudele nei confronti dei suoi sudditi che vive in un castello. Il re è assistito da un mago, in un castello popolato da guardie, cavalieri, prigionieri, giullari, servi e nobili e il suo regno è in perenne lotta contro i regni vicini e i poveri abitanti sono tiranneggiati dal minuscolo monarca. Il mago di Id, pur dando il titolo alla striscia, non ne è il personaggio principale perché molti altri personaggi trovano ampio risalto, garantendo una vasta pluralità di idee e situazioni. Fra i tanti personaggi, oltre al mago e sua moglie Blanche, ci sono sir Rodney imbranato cavaliere a capo dell'esercito, il "prigione", un galeotto ricoperto di peli, barba e capelli lunghi e il suo secondino, un giullare alcolizzato, un avvocato senza scrupoli, un frate, una vedetta in cima a una torre del castello, un impresario di pompe funebri e l'esercito degli Unni che assediano il castello, oltre a molti altri minori.

Personaggi
 Il mago Wiz - Ha poteri magici, ma non sempre di grande utilità.
 Il Re - Avaro e malefico, nonché alto circa un metro e non fumatore.
 Sir Brandolph - Cavaliere a capo dell'esercito, un disastro naturalmente. Il cavaliere senza macchia e con molta paura.
 Blanche, moglie di Wiz - Domina e vessa il povero mago.
 Troob, il menestrello - Uno dei pochi che non ha paura di prendere in giro il Re.
 Il Duca - Il nobile e lecchino ciambellano del castello.
 Bung, il giullare - Perennemente sbronzo.
 Gwen - La bella fidanzata di Sir Brandolph, nonostante egli la faccia disperare costantemente.
 Il Servo - Lacchè personale del Re, di poche parole.
 Spook il prigioniero - Eternamente rinchiuso nelle segrete, è ormai completamente ricoperto da barba e capelli.
 Turnkey il secondino - Segregato quasi quanto il prigioniero.
 Lo Spirito - Compare spesso come nuvola di fumo nel laboratorio del mago.
 Larsen, l'avvocato - Riconoscibile da cilindro, nasone, e mancanza di scrupoli. Malgrado ciò, non è riuscito a difendere Spook.
 Il dottore: riconoscibile dallo specchietto portato perennemente sulla fronte.
 L'indovina - Con la classica sfera di cristallo.
 Robin Hood - O meglio una sua imitazione (Ruba Hood, nell'edizione italiana). In una delle sue apparizioni, afferma di rubare al proletariato per dare al ceto medio.
 I Mostri del fossato.
 Villici anonimi: in genere appaiono in folla, vestiti di sai, sotto il balcone del re.
E molti altri che fanno apparizioni più o meno frequenti.

Influenza culturale
 Il cartone animato Artù e i cavalieri della tavola rotonda (Arthur! And the Square Knights of the Round Table) mostra forti influenze da parte della striscia "Il mago Wiz".

Note

Bibliografia
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Il mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1968.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Il libro segreto del mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1971.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. I folli quiz del mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1973.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Il pazzesco mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1974.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Vati, oracoli, sibille e... il mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1976.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Tutti gli uomini del mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1977.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Gli strani vizi del mago Wiz. Milano, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1977.
 Beppi Zancan (a cura di) B.Parker - J.Hart. Mostra i tuoi mostri, mago Wiz. Milano, 1979.
 Beppi Zancan (a cura di) B.Parker - J.Hart. Le ultime magie del mago Wiz. Milano, 1981.
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Il meglio di Wizard of Id. Milano, Milano Libri Rizzoli, 1990. ISBN 88-17-81098-3
 B.Parker - J.Hart. Il libro d'oro del mago Wiz 40 anni di risate. Modena Panini comics,2008
 B.Parker - J.Hart Il mago Wiz Strisce giornaliere e domenicali. 1971 Panini Comics, 2011

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Home > Workplace Accident > Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) After A Work Accident
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) After A Work Accident
Last Modified on: April 1, 2022
PTSD doesn't just affect soldiers. It can manifest after a work accident and qualify as a compensable injury.
What Is PTSD?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by a traumatizing event or series of events. It can be triggered when an individual experiences a trauma directly or witnessed something traumatic.
Most people who experience trauma don't develop PTSD. They may have temporary difficulties adjusting and coping, but usually, with time and self-care, they get better. If mild symptoms worsen with time — and last for several months (or years) — then the individual may have PTSD.
PTSD Has Had Other Names
PTSD is as old as time and has been called by many names. Ancient texts of Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey describe soldiers who are traumatized by war. It's been referred to as an "irritable heart" (Crimean War), "soldier's heart" (American Civil War). During WW-I and WW-II medics referred to PTSD as "combat stress, combat fatigue, battle fatigue, shell shock" and other names.
For almost two centuries, psychiatrists and psychologists like Charles Myers, Abram Kardiner, Sigmund Freud, and Sandor Ferenczi, identified, treated, and wrote many books and articles about PTSD, while calling it a variety of different names.
In 1980, after extensive deliberations, the American Psychiatric Association created a new official diagnosis — Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and added it to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). This milestone unleashed significant research and study of PTSD and its treatment, and now PTSD has its own category in the 5th Edition of the DSM, called "Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders." Previously it had been classified as one type of anxiety disorder.
PTSD symptoms may begin in a few weeks of a traumatic experience — but sometimes symptoms don't appear for many years. Symptoms are generally grouped into four types and cause significant problems in social or work situations, and in relationships. They can also interfere with a person's ability to perform normal daily tasks.
Re-experiencing/intrusive memories
— Recurrent, unwanted memories of the traumatic event
— Reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again (flashbacks)
— Disturbing dreams, nightmares about the traumatic event
— Restimulation: severe emotional distress or physical reaction to something that reminds the person of the traumatic event (triggers)
— Avoid thinking or talking about the event
— Avoiding places, activities, or people associated with the event
Negative changes in thinking and mood
— Negative thoughts about self or others
— Hopelessness about the future
— Memory problems — including blocking out memory of the event
— Feeling detached from relationships
— Feeling emotionally numb
Changes in physical or emotional reactions
— Easily startled or frightened
— Always on guard for danger, paranoia
— Self-destructive behavior (e.g. drugs/alcohol and driving too fast)
— Difficulty sleeping
— Difficulty concentrating
— Irritability, angry outbursts or aggressive behavior
— Overwhelming guilt or shame
The National Institute of Mental Health defines PTSD as "a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event." To be diagnosed with PTSD, an adult must manifest all of the following for at least one month:
At least one re-experiencing symptom
At least one avoidance symptom
At least two arousal and reactivity symptoms
At least two cognition and mood symptoms
Who Is At Risk?
Any worker who is involved in a violent or horrific accident while on the job could develop PTSD or other behavioral health conditions. Workers who witness accidents are also susceptible to PTSD and other mental mental injuries.
First responders are particularly susceptible. According to the US Department of Veterans Affairs, about 55% of the general population will experience at least one traumatic event in their lives, and as a result, about 8% of the population will have PTSD in response to that traumatic event at some point in their lives. In contrast, the prevalence of PTSD among medical technicians (EMTs) is over 20%, and for firefighters even higher.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has also been a helpful diagnostic and treatment lens through which to see childhood physical, mental, and sexual abuse.
Can PTSD Be Covered By Workers Compensation?
Many worker advocates and behavioral health professionals have worked diligently for decades to educate people about PTSD and other behavioral health issues and to reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues in the workplace. A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after work accidents or other traumatic events can qualify as a work injury in some states.
Workers' compensation laws vary greatly across the country, with about half permitting a mental health disability claim without a physical injury being present. While several states, Michigan among them, have expanded workers' compensation benefits to cover mental-only injuries like PTSD, others have limited this consideration to police officers and other first responders, and/or correctional officers, emergency dispatch operators, emergency medical technicians, and child protective service employees, for example.
Do You Need Help Making A PTSD Claim?
The attorneys at Cochran, Kroll & Associates, P.C. are ready to meet with you, learn more about your situation, and make recommendations. We thoroughly understand the workers' compensation insurance system, and the steps involved in making a successful workers' compensation claim.
After this initial no-cost consultation, if we decide to work together, our fees are limited by state law and are not paid until you get paid or a settlement is reached.
Contact us toll-free (24 hours) at 866-MICH-LAW or use our convenient online contact form.
« Steps to Take to Pursue a Burn Injury Lawsuit
The Importance of Picking The Right Social Security Disability Lawyer »


Suitcase Rummage is a mini scaled market with giant rewards; it promises to be everything that is a market without the hassle. Its about bringing a suitcase (or two!) filled to the brim with your goods and treats.
You can be a part of the Rummage experience by selling wares or come along to buy some real beauties! There will be brilliant vintage, artwork, bric-a-brac, clothing, books, jewellery, seconds, hand-made, shoes, records, music, badges, cards, handmade paper, ......you name it!
Come for a bargain, a swap, or an old fashioned haggle. Suitcase Rummage is not to be missed!
You must purchase a stall ticket to sell your wares, so please click on the link above and fill in your details. We will contact you with further information once you've registered!
Next step is... to bring your treats and goodies on the day and start selling like your grandma.
Please note: We are unable to issue refunds under any circumstances except when the event is cancelled.
2. Arrivals and Departures.All Suitcase Holders must have their names ticked off by the advertised start time of the market. Check in will open at least 1 hour before the event (depending on which market you're attending). We understand that some of you travel quite a distance to get here, and sometimes there are extreme circumstances – but please message us on Facebook, Instagram or email to let us know you're running late. We need to start the Rummage on time, as this is the time we advertise. Also, no stall holders are to start packing up before the advertised closing time of the event. Again, if we have advertised the Rummage to finish at 5pm, it's not fair if punters turn up at 4:30 and half the market has been packed up. You're also missing out on potential sales!
6. Suitcase Rummage is an outdoor market and event. It is the responsibility of individuals to ensure they have appropriate sun protection including, hat, umbrella, sunscreen and water. Suitcase Rummage is not liable for any weather related issues, including but not limited to: cancellations, damage of product or injury.
7. We have a NO Refund policy. We currently do not offer refunds for stall fees and cannot transfer your stall fees to another month or event. We will refund all stall fees if the event is cancelled by Suitcase Rummage and only in this instance. If you do not agree with this policy, then please think carefully before you purchase your ticket online.
8. Please take all your possessions and rubbish with you when you leave. Please dispose of any food waste and rubbish appropriately – recycle any bits that can be recycled!! If you have other items you no longer want to keep (i.e clothing items, books etc) please donate these to a local charity or op shop at the end of the market.
Suitcase Rummage is a mini scaled market with giant rewards!
1.to search thoroughly or actively through (a place, receptacle, etc.), esp. by moving around, turning over, or looking through contents.
Lug your goods-for-sale to Suitcase Rummage! Just a suitcase (or two!) filled to the brim with brilliant bric-a-brac, clothing, books, jewellery, seconds, hand-made, shoes, records, music... you name it!
Suitcase Rummage promises to be everything that is a market without the hassle.
Come for a bargain, a swap, or an old fashioned haggle.
To register, please view the events we have listed below.
Or head to www.suitcaserummage.com.au to find more information.
Next step is to bring your treats and goodies on the day and start selling like your grandma.


Ada is a California native who moved to Seattle to attend the University of Washington School of Law.
During law school, Ada served as Executive Managing Editor of Production on the Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal. She was also very active in Moot Court competitions and represented her law school at the Thomas Tang International Moot Court Competitions as a regional semi-finalist in both Los Angeles and Atlanta. After graduating from law school, she served as a coach for mock trial and appellate advocacy teams at the law school.
Prior to starting AKW Law, P.C., she worked as a Civil Litigation Attorney at two plaintiff-oriented law firms, in Bellevue and downtown Seattle.
Ada is also an Adjunct Professor at the Seattle University School of Law.
Further, she currently serves as the Associate Editor of the WSAJ Trial News, Editorial Board Member of the American Inns of Court The Bencher, and Public Relations Chair of the William L. Dwyer American Inns of Court. She was the Past-President of the Vietnamese American Bar Association of Washington. Ada has authored many published articles and is a speaker at various lawyer's continuing legal education seminars.
In her spare time, Ada enjoys playing co-ed flag football, volunteering with various executive boards and committees, and spending time with her husband and three cats, Matcha, Kylo and Soba.


For watersports enthusiasts, Cancun offers some of the best scuba diving, snorkeling and fishing in the world, owing to the Great Mesoamerican Reef just off the coast of Cancun. This is the second largest reef in the world – second only to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
In Cancun you have such a varied choice of cuisine, with everything from downtown traditional Mexican restaurants to ultra-chic bistros. You will find something to suit all tastes and budgets and will get fantastic service with a smile wherever you go. Cancun's Hotel Zone is renowned for its nightlife, boasting some of the best nightclubs in the world playing everything from salsa to disco to R & B and live music venues. You will find something to suit all ages and tastes.
Downtown Cancun offers a captivating mixture of tradition and modernity. If you like to enjoy a real local atmosphere in a safe and friendly environment then this is the place to come! In downtown Cancun you will find hotels for all budgets- many small local restaurants offering regional and speciality cuisines and some really cool bars and live music venues. There is a wide choice of shopping venues from the Mercado 28 – a handicrafts market – to the super modern shopping mall Plaza Las Americas.
Cancun's Mayan Culture is its crowning glory. The aura of mystery and majesty still lingers around the Mayan ruins and archaeological sites such as Chichen Itza, Tulum and Coba to mention but a few. These are all within easy reach of Cancun. In Cancun, Mexico there really is something for everyone!


Microsoft has acquired Onfolio, a Cambridge, MA-based company, which offers a tool that lets people clip and save text content and links from the Web, as well as read RSS feeds etc. Financial terms weren't disclosed. Microsoft says it has incorporated the technology into a new version of its toolbar, Windows Live Toolbar, which also is due to be released tomorrow.
Content collections through Onfolio can be organized and annotated with research notes, flags, keywords, highlighting and more.
Also tomorrow, MSFT plans to issue a preliminary version of Windows Live Search, which has a new design and extra features.


Traditional Internet dating can be challenging for those singles looking for love that lasts. Of all the single men or women you may meet online, very few will be compatible with you specifically, and it can be difficult to determine the level of compatibility of a potential partner through methods of conventional dating services – browsing classified ads, online personals, or viewing profile photos.Ten years later, e Harmony's compatibility matching is responsible for nearly 4% of U. Our relationships have proven to be better not only than those from other online dating sites but also from any other way people meet out in the world. ) So, it's no surprise that e Harmony relationships are the least likely to end in divorce.e Harmony is the first service within the online dating industry to use a scientific approach to matching highly compatible singles.Warren observed a set of characteristics that seemed to be present in all successful relationships. After extensive research involving thousands of married couples, Dr.Warren confirmed that these dimensions were indeed highly predictive of relationship success and could be used to match singles. e Harmony creates the happiest, most passionate and most fulfilling relationships according to a recent study.Starting your own Internet dating site takes time, hard work, and creativity, but these sites have real potential as moneymaking businesses and as a way to help single people find true love.
Follow these steps to start an Internet dating site.With over 20 million registered users, the e Harmony member base is an ethnically, racially, and religiously diverse group of individuals of all ages – all of whom are looking to find someone special.Amongst our most popular demographics are: Christian Singles, Jewish Singles, Black Singles, Hispanic Singles, Asian Singles, Interracial Singles and Senior Singles.We are committed to matching you with truly compatible men or women in order to provide you with the best online dating and relationship experience possible.This is one of the many reasons why e Harmony is now the #1 Trusted Online Dating Site for American Singles.We understand it can be difficult to find a mate with whom you share a similar background, goals, or beliefs, and regardless of who you may be looking for, e Harmony wants to help you find the love of your life.
She accepted it, which resulted in Pooja Bhatt's production house, Fish Eye Network and Leone's agent discussing the movie further.
You can bring it up before hand through flirty texting or emailing, which certainly sets up the anticipation, however it does have two possible drawbacks: one, you may no longer be in the mood when it comes to it, and two, they might think that's you want, so they'll focus on that and leave the rest of your body wanting. Then pull out of her and rub yourself against them; they'll quickly acknowledge whether it's ok or not without having to break the mood.


Splitcoaststampers had a tri-fold pocket card technique for this week's technique lover's challenge. I pulled out some Stampin' Up! designer paper I received a couple of years ago, a neglected Carte Postale stamp set and got to work. This is what I came up with.
The belly band edges were created with the Hello Kitty border strip by Sizzix.
I thought this project would be great to hide some gift cards or little presents in.


The LGBT Community Center will host the opening reception for "Metanoia: Transformation Through AIDS Archives and Activism," an art exhibit that examines community-based responses to the ongoing AIDS crisis in the USA. The show centers primarily on the contributions and experiences of Black cis and trans women, and cis and trans women of color who have always been at the forefront of movement work, but who are often found at the margins of AIDS archives, art shows and histories.
Thursday, Friday, and Saturday at 7:30pm; and Sunday at 7pm. Performances begin March 28, with official opening on March 31 for a limited run through April 14.


For three decades Merrimac Marine Insurance has been a beacon for the recreational marine insurance industry by providing the expertise and experience required to assist the various segments that make up this market in mitigating and transferring risk. When your agency partners with Merrimac, you will be working with seasoned professionals delivering a comprehensive insurance program with broad coverage forms, consultative loss control and proactive claims management along with exceptional customer service to ensure that your clients' needs are being served. Our mutual goal with our agency partners is to help you obtain and keep your clients year after year through solid insurance protection and responsive service.
We work with more than 15 top-tier admitted and non-admitted carriers to secure the coverages that will address the various exposures recreational marine insurance customers face. From losses due to natural catastrophes, fire and other hazards, to accidents and injuries to product liability claims, and errors or omissions in providing professional services, Merrimac will assist you in getting your insureds covered.


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Kymn Flick Bennett
Kymn (Flick) Bennett was an outstanding two sport athlete at Miami University Middletown from 1984-89. She played four years on the volleyball team earning first team all-ORCC honors in 1987. Kim helped lead the volleyball team to its first State Championship in 1987 and Conference Championships in 1986 and 1987.
Kymn also played three years on the women's basketball team. She was selected Honorable Mention All-ORCC Basketball in 1985-86 and 1987-88 and was a member of the 1987-88 State Championship team. Kymn was the recipient of the Lynn Darbyshire Warrior Award in 1987 and was the C. Eugene Bennett Scholar Athlete of the Year in 1987-88.
Kymn is in her 19th year of teaching and currently teaches science at Garfield Middle School in Hamilton. Kymn and her husband of 15 years, John, have a 13-year-old daughter, Alexis.
Heather Imfeld Conger
Heather (Imfeld) Conger played basketball for Miami University Middletown from 1995-2000. She is the women's all-time leading scorer with 1,590 points. Heather also holds the record for free throws made in a season (155) and in a career (467). She is the women's 2nd all-time career rebounder with 716. Heather earned All-ORCC honors all four years – three times 2nd team and 1st team once.
Heather was also an outstanding student, graduating Summa Cum Laude with a 3.996 GPA. She was the recipient of the Lynn Darbyshire Warrior Award in 1998 and was the
C. Eugene Bennett Scholar Athlete of the Year three times; 1995-96, 1997-98 and 1999-2000.
Heather is in her 7th year as a 6th grade math teacher with Carlisle Local Schools. Heather resides in Carlisle with her husband, Mike and their son Drew (6 months).
Don Faris
Don Faris was a founding member of the faculty at the Middletown campus, beginning his 36 years of service in 1966. Don coached the Miami University Middletown men's and women's tennis teams for
Under his guidance, the women's teams won 9 ORCC championships and 4 state titles. The men also claimed 9 ORCC championships and 6 state titles. Don coached numerous student athletes who also earned individual ORCC and State honors.
He retired as a professor in 2002 and unexpectedly passed away February 8, 2006. He is survived by his wife Kay and nine children: Don, Mary, John, Ann, David, Terylle, Leigh, Caroline and Aaron.
John Langhorne
John Langhorne played on one of Miami University Middletown's first golf teams in 1971. He was team leader in scoring average and remained an outstanding golfer on MUM teams during the 1970s and the early '80s. Between 1972 and '74, John left school to serve in the military. Returning to the Middletown campus in 1975, he led the team in scoring average and won the OSU Lima Hawthorne Hills Invitational.
Raising a family and working full-time again took John away from college for several more years. Returning to Miami a second time in the spring of 1981, John helped the golf team to win the MUM Invitational and finish second in the OSU Lima Invitational. His hard work and dedication to both academics and the game allowed John to complete his degree in Marketing and lead the golf team to their first ever ORCC Championship in the spring of 1982.
In 1997 John co-founded and remains an active CEO of Allied Reliability, Inc. Under John's leadership, Allied has quickly grown to become the largest engineering, consulting and service firm focusing on preventive and predictive maintenance. Today, Allied serves over 200 manufacturing plants and facilities in North America, Latin America and Europe.
John resides in Bluffton, SC with his wife Sherry and is the proud father of Jason, Christopher, Matthew and Adam and grandfather of Ella and Ty.
Kevin Svarda
Kevin Svarda was an All-ORCC guard for Miami University Middletown men's basketball for three years, 1992-95. Kevin is the all-time career assist leader with 383. He helped lead his teams to ORCC Championships in 1994 and 1995 and the first men's basketball State Championship in 23 years in 1995. Kevin was captain all three years, winning the Lynn Darbyshire Warrior Award in 1993.
Kevin was also a leader off the court. He was elected the student body vice president in 1993-94 and the president in 1994-95.
Kevin is a District Sales Coordinator with AFLAC and resides in Franklin with his wife, Susan, and their son, Luke.