text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.UnitTests.ChangeSignature;
using Roslyn.Test.Utilities;
using Xunit;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Editor.CSharp.UnitTests.ChangeSignature
{
    public partial class ChangeSignatureTests : AbstractChangeSignatureTests
    {
        #region Methods

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeBeforeMethodName()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void $$Foo(int x, string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeInParameterList()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, $$string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeAfterParameterList()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)$$
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeBeforeMethodDeclaration()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    $$public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnMetadataReference_InIdentifier_ShouldFail()
        {
            var markup = @"
class C
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ((System.IFormattable)null).ToSt$$ring(""test"", null);
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, expectedSuccess: false, expectedErrorText: FeaturesResources.TheMemberIsDefinedInMetadata);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnMetadataReference_AtBeginningOfInvocation_ShouldFail()
        {
            var markup = @"
class C
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        $$((System.IFormattable)null).ToString(""test"", null);
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, expectedSuccess: false, expectedErrorText: FeaturesResources.TheMemberIsDefinedInMetadata);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnMetadataReference_InArgumentsOfInvocation_ShouldFail()
        {
            var markup = @"
class C
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ((System.IFormattable)null).ToString(""test"",$$ null);
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, expectedSuccess: false, expectedErrorText: FeaturesResources.TheMemberIsDefinedInMetadata);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnMetadataReference_AfterInvocation_ShouldFail()
        {
            var markup = @"
class C
{
    string s = ((System.IFormattable)null).ToString(""test"", null)$$;
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, expectedSuccess: false, expectedErrorText: FeaturesResources.YouCanOnlyChangeTheSignatureOfAConstructorIndexerMethodOrDelegate);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeInMethodBody()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        $$
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {

    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_BeginningOfIdentifier()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        $$Bar(x, y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(y, x);
    }

    public void Bar(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_ArgumentList()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        $$Bar(x, y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(y, x);
    }

    public void Bar(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_NestedCalls1()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar($$Baz(x, y), y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(int x, string y)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(Baz(y, x), y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(string y, int x)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_NestedCalls2()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar$$(Baz(x, y), y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(int x, string y)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(y, Baz(x, y));
    }

    public void Bar(string y, int x)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(int x, string y)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_NestedCalls3()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(Baz(x, y), $$y);
    }

    public void Bar(int x, string y)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(int x, string y)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        Bar(y, Baz(x, y));
    }

    public void Bar(string y, int x)
    {
    }

    public int Baz(int x, string y)
    {
        return 1;
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_Attribute()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;

[$$My(1, 2)]
class MyAttribute : Attribute
{
    public MyAttribute(int x, int y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;

[My(2, 1)]
class MyAttribute : Attribute
{
    public MyAttribute(int y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_OnlyHasCandidateSymbols()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Test
{
    void M(int x, string y) { }
    void M(int x, double y) { }
    void M2() { $$M(""s"", 1); }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Test
{
    void M(string y, int x) { }
    void M(int x, double y) { }
    void M2() { M(1, ""s""); }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_CallToOtherConstructor()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    public Program(int x, int y) : this(1, 2, 3)$$
    {
    }

    public Program(int x, int y, int z)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 2, 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    public Program(int x, int y) : this(3, 2, 1)
    {
    }

    public Program(int z, int y, int x)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_InvokeOnReference_CallToBaseConstructor()
        {
            var markup = @"
class B
{
    public B(int a, int b)
    {
    }
}

class D : B
{
    public D(int x, int y) : base(1, 2)$$
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class B
{
    public B(int b, int a)
    {
    }
}

class D : B
{
    public D(int x, int y) : base(2, 1)
    {
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Indexers

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InvokeAtBeginningOfDeclaration()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    $$int this[int x, string y]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InParameters()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    int this[int x, $$string y]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InvokeAtEndOfDeclaration()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    int this[int x, string y]$$
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InvokeInAccessor()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    int this[int x, string y]
    {
        get { return $$5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InvokeOnReference_BeforeTarget()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    void M(Program p)
    {
        var t = $$p[5, ""test""];
    }

    int this[int x, string y]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    void M(Program p)
    {
        var t = p[""test"", 5];
    }

    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderIndexerParameters_InvokeOnReference_InArgumentList()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    void M(Program p)
    {
        var t = p[5, ""test""$$];
    }

    int this[int x, string y]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    void M(Program p)
    {
        var t = p[""test"", 5];
    }

    int this[string y, int x]
    {
        get { return 5; }
        set { }
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Delegates

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderDelegateParameters_ObjectCreation1()
        {
            var markup = @"
public class C
{
    void T()
    {
        var d = new $$D((x, y) => { });
    }

    public delegate void D(int x, int y);
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
public class C
{
    void T()
    {
        var d = new D((y, x) => { });
    }

    public delegate void D(int y, int x);
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderDelegateParameters_ObjectCreation2()
        {
            var markup = @"
public class CD<T>
{
    public delegate void D(T t, T u);
}
class Test
{
    public void M()
    {
        var dele = new CD<int>.$$D((int x, int y) => { });
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
public class CD<T>
{
    public delegate void D(T u, T t);
}
class Test
{
    public void M()
    {
        var dele = new CD<int>.D((int y, int x) => { });
    }
}";

            TestChangeSignatureViaCommand(LanguageNames.CSharp, markup, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedUpdatedInvocationDocumentCode: updatedCode);
        }

        #endregion

        #region CodeRefactoring
        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_CodeRefactoring_InvokeBeforeMethodName()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void [||]Foo(int x, string y)
    {
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(string y, int x)
    {
    }
}";
            TestChangeSignatureViaCodeAction(markup, expectedCodeAction: true, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_CodeRefactoring_NotInMethodBody()
        {
            var markup = @"
using System;
class MyClass
{
    public void Foo(int x, string y)
    {
        [||]
    }
}";
            TestChangeSignatureViaCodeAction(markup, expectedCodeAction: false);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_CodeRefactoring_InLambda()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    void M(int x)
    {
        System.Func<int, int, int> f = (a, b)[||] => { return a; };
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    void M(int x)
    {
        System.Func<int, int, int> f = (b, a) => { return a; };
    }
}";
            TestChangeSignatureViaCodeAction(markup, expectedCodeAction: true, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedCode: updatedCode);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_CodeRefactoring_NotInLambdaBody()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    void M(int x)
    {
        System.Func<int, int, int> f = (a, b) => { [||]return a; };
    }
}";
            TestChangeSignatureViaCodeAction(markup, expectedCodeAction: false);
        }

        [WpfFact, Trait(Traits.Feature, Traits.Features.ChangeSignature)]
        public void ReorderMethodParameters_CodeRefactoring_AtCallSite()
        {
            var markup = @"
class Program
{
    void M(int x, int y)
    {
        M([|5|], 6);
    }
}";
            var permutation = new[] { 1, 0 };
            var updatedCode = @"
class Program
{
    void M(int y, int x)
    {
        M(6, 5);
    }
}";
            TestChangeSignatureViaCodeAction(markup, expectedCodeAction: true, updatedSignature: permutation, expectedCode: updatedCode);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NTA Blog: Math Error Part I
In a previous blog, Lifecycle of a Tax Return, we set out the initial stages of a return's journey once it's been filed, including certain detours a return may take as it goes through reviews prior to being posted on IRS systems. One of these detours is a review by the IRS's Error Resolution System (ERS) where the return is reviewed for possible errors or omissions. This filing season ERS has experienced a significant backlog causing delays in refunds. To verify the accuracy of the Recovery Rebate Credit (RRC), Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Child Tax Credit (CTC) or Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC), the ERS Unit is manually reviewing all returns where the taxpayer has claimed the RRC or used their 2019 earnings for the purpose of calculating the EITC, CTC, and ACTC. For more details on the backlog in processing returns, see the National Taxpayer Advocate's 2022 Objectives Report to Congress, Review of the 2021 Filing Season.
To correct mathematical and clerical errors appearing on a return, the IRS may summarily assess additional tax using its math error authority as provided by Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 6213. The IRS is currently correcting more errors on returns and issuing more math error notices than in previous years. Specifically, in calendar year (CY) 2020 through July 15, 2020, there were 628,997 math error corrections made on returns filed by taxpayers. For the same time period in 2021, the IRS made about 9 million math error corrections on returns filed by taxpayers, about 7.4 million of which were related to the RRC.
So, what do taxpayers need to consider when receiving an adjustment to their return via a math error notice, and how can these processes be improved?
What is Math Error Authority?
Congress has given the IRS the authority to bypass normal audit and deficiency procedures in favor of an abbreviated process known as math error authority. This authority was initially designed to allow the IRS to assess a tax liability by quickly resolving simple mathematical or clerical mistakes on the return specified in IRC § 6213 (b) and (g) and assessing the adjusted tax. Initially, Congress reserved this authority for the simplest mathematical errors, such as 1 + 1 = 3. It later expanded the authority to include situations where the taxpayer made a clerical error (e.g., inconsistent entries on the face of the return), and this authority was expanded once again to include omissions of certain information like required taxpayer identification numbers (TINs), or Social Security numbers (SSNs) that don't match the ones in the Social Security Administration's database. If taxpayers don't agree with the math error adjustment, they have 60 days from the time the IRS sends a math error notice to request abatement of a math error assessment. If the taxpayer requests abatement, the IRS must comply and abate the assessment. After the abatement is made, the IRS must follow the deficiency procedures to reassess the tax. The IRS cannot collect the assessed amount during the 60-day period that the taxpayer has to request abatement.
Although this authority can be a useful tool for the IRS when used appropriately, it comes with risks for taxpayers, namely, missing the opportunity to dispute the assessment in the U.S. Tax Court if taxpayers do not timely object to the assessment. This is why notice clarity, explaining both the tax issue and the taxpayer's right to request abatement of the tax, is so important.
Issuance of a Math Error Notice
When the IRS makes a math error adjustment, it will send the taxpayer a notice (most commonly a Computer Paragraph (CP) 11 or CP12) informing the taxpayer of the adjustment, correction, and balance due or corrected refund amount, and which should also include language informing the taxpayer of the right to request an abatement within 60 days of the notice being sent.
After receiving the notice, taxpayers can either accept the changes the IRS made and pay the amount due, accept the reduction of a credit, or request abatement within 60 days of the notice being sent.
If a taxpayer accepts the adjustment but is unable to pay the entire amount due, the taxpayer can work with the IRS to request an installment agreement, offer-in-compromise, or ask to be placed in currently not collectible status. If a taxpayer requests an abatement within the 60-day time period, they can submit documentation showing why the adjustment in question is in fact incorrect, or the taxpayer can request abatement without providing supporting documentation; either way the math error assessment must be abated. If the taxpayer provides supporting documentation and the IRS agrees, the abatement will be input and a notice will be sent (most likely a CP21) informing the taxpayer the matter has been closed. However, if the IRS does not agree that the documentation provided substantiates the taxpayer's claim, or if the taxpayer did not provide supporting documentation when requesting the abatement, the IRS, after consideration, may reassess the tax by following deficiency procedures (i.e., sending the taxpayer a statutory notice of deficiency).
If a taxpayer fails to request abatement within the 60-day time period, the math error assessment will not be abated, the assessment will be final and the IRS can move towards collection. Taxpayers need to understand that without a timely abatement request, they lose their opportunity to receive a statutory notice of deficiency.
Once the 60-day time period has elapsed and the taxpayer has not requested abatement, the math error assessment is final and cannot be reviewed in the U.S. Tax Court. This is significant, because the Tax Court is the only judicial forum in which a taxpayer does not have to pay the tax liability before petitioning the court. However, one option for these taxpayers would be to pay the tax and file a refund suit in the U.S. District Court or the Court of Federal Claims. But this means taxpayers would need to have the funds on hand to pay the liability and then dispute the assessment. This may be challenging for many taxpayers, including low-income taxpayers, particularly when considering the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Math Error Notices are Not Always Clear, and Taxpayers Don't Always Understand Their Options
Responding within the 60-day time period is critical for taxpayers to dispute the math error assessment. This means taxpayers must understand exactly what changes the IRS made, what they need to do if they don't agree, and what will happen if they do nothing. Unfortunately, because the math error notices do not clearly articulate what was adjusted and why, taxpayers are often left confused as to what changes have been made to their return, making it difficult for taxpayers to determine whether they agree or disagree with the changes. Many math error notices are vague and do not adequately explain the urgency the situation demands. In fact, in some instances, math error notices don't even specify the exact error that was corrected, but rather provide a series of possible errors that may have been addressed by the IRS through its math error authority. Additionally, taxpayers won't learn what steps they should take if they don't agree with the math error assessment, including the 60-day time period, until the middle of page 2 of the notice, where they are directed to call the IRS if they have questions about the adjustment. The 60-day requirement does not jump off the page, is not sufficiently evident, and does not include an exact date by which the taxpayer must respond.
Math Error Adjustments for Recovery Rebate Credit
This filing season, over 5 million math error notices were erroneously issued omitting the 60-day time period language entirely where the only adjustment was to the RRC. Taxpayers were not informed of their rights and the ability to request an abatement. A forthcoming blog will delve into this issue by discussing the problems it raises for taxpayers and offering recommendations and potential solutions. The issues surrounding these notices diminish the taxpayer's right to be informed.
Taxpayers who receive these confusing math error notices will likely reach for their phones to call the IRS, asking for a clear explanation as to what the notice means. Unfortunately, they may have a difficult time reaching the IRS because of its poor level of service. From January 1 through June 30, 2021, the level of service (LOS) for Accounts Management (AM) phone lines was only 16 percent. Although it is understandable that the LOS during this unprecedented time would be lower than in past years, even the LOS during "normal" times left hundreds of thousands of calls unanswered. Specifically, for the same time period last year, AM's LOS was almost 56 percent, meaning more than 40 percent of all calls to this help line went unanswered.
What Can Be Done to Make the Math Error Process More Transparent
Math error authority can be a useful tool by which the IRS can quickly adjust simple mathematical and clerical errors. However, over the years this authority has been expanded to include more complex situations, which in some cases have made math error notices more difficult for taxpayers to understand. These notices may leave taxpayers confused as to what has been adjusted on the return and what they need to do to dispute it, possibly resulting in their missing the opportunity to challenge the assessment in U.S. Tax Court. Thus, the desire to quickly assess tax by correcting seemingly simple mistakes must be balanced against the risk such a process has of curtailing a taxpayer's right to dispute the assessment. These risks are magnified when the reason for the assessment and what needs to be done to dispute it are not being clearly communicated. It is critical that the IRS's math error notices provide clear explanations as to what is being adjusted and instructions for taxpayers on how to dispute the math error assessment.
To ensure taxpayers have a full understanding of the process, we will continue to encourage the IRS to recognize the taxpayer's right to be informed by reexamining its math error notice language and identifying opportunities where the notices should be clarified.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discussion in 'ASUS Wireless' started by admiral2145, Nov 9, 2018.
Running a ac68u disabled ctf and all traffic shows up... With it enabled doesn't work.. I have a 500/50 connection with ctf disabled only 250-300mbit...is there a work around to get both cpu cores to work vs only 1 and maxing out and only being 250-300 mbit only on 1 core vs both working together? On newer routers like the 88u or 86u do they have better performance and or able to use ctf and traffic monitoring or is this a bug with all asus routers?
It's a known limitation that's always been there. CTF bypasses the normal network code which is why Traffic Monitor doesn't see it. Most of the relevant network code is single threaded so having multiple processors doesn't help, other than a proportional increase based on CPU speed.
AFAIK the Traffic Monitor is not present on the 86U because it is obsolete code that isn't compatible with the newer kernel.
Some of the information that Traffic Monitor had is available in the Traffic Analyser which should work even with CTF.
The Traffic Analyzer functionality in this ASUS AC5300 demo appears to match the Traffic Analyzer functionality in my 86U.
If ctf is 'cut through forwarding' or NAT acceleration, then I don't know... I think the 86U removed the setting for NAT acceleration.


text:
Q: T-SQL Optimize DELETE of many records I have a table that can grew to millions records (50 millions for example). On each 20 minutes records that are older than 20 minutes are deleted.
The problems is that if the table has so many records such deletion can take a lot of time and  I want to make it faster.
I can not do "truncate table" because I want to remove only records that are older than 20 minutes. I suppose that when doing the "delete" and filtering the information that need to be delete, the server is creating log file or something and this take much time?
Am I right? Is there a way to stop any flag or option to optimize the delete, and then to turn on the stopped option?

A: To expand on the batch delete suggestion, i'd suggest you do this far more regularly (every 20 seconds perhaps) - batch deletions are easy:
WHILE 1 = 1
    BEGIN
        DELETE TOP ( 4000 )
        FROM    YOURTABLE
        WHERE   YourIndexedDateColumn < DATEADD(MINUTE, -20, GETDATE())
        IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
            BREAK
    END

Your inserts may lag slightly whilst they wait for the locks to release but they should insert rather than error.
In regards to your table though, a table with this much traffic i'd expect to see on a very fast raid 10 array / perhaps even partitioned - are your disks up to it? Are your transaction logs on different disks to your data files? - they should be
EDIT 1 - Response to your comment
TO put a database into SIMPLE recovery:
ALTER DATABASE Database Name SET RECOVERY='SIMPLE'

This basically turns off transaction logging on the given database. Meaning in the event of data loss you would need loose all data since your last full backup. If you're OK with that, well this should save a lot of time when running large transactions. (NOTE that as the transaction is running, the logging still takes place in SIMPLE - to enable the rolling back of the transaction).
If there are tables within your database where you cant afford to loose data you'll need to leave your database in FULL recovery mode (i.e. any transaction gets logged (and hopefully flushed to *.trn files by your servers maintenance plans). As i stated in my question though, there is nothing stopping you having two databases, 1 in FULL and 1 in SIMPLE.  the FULL database would be fore tables where you cant afford to loose any data (i.e. you could apply the transaction logs to restore data to a specific time) and the SIMPLE database would be for these massive high-traffic tables that you can allow data loss on in the event of a failure.
All of this is relevant assuming your creating full (*.bak) files every night & flushing your log files to *.trn files every half hour or so).
In regards to your index question, it's imperative your date column is indexed, if you check your execution plan and see any "TABLE SCAN" - that would be an indicator of a missing index.
Your date column i presume is DATETIME with a constraint setting the DEFAULT to getdate()?
You may find that you get better performance by replacing that with a BIGINT YYYYMMDDHHMMSS and then apply a CLUSTERED index to that column - note however that you can only have 1 clustered index per table, so if that table already has one you'll need to use a Non-Clustered index. (in case you didnt know, a clustered index basically tells SQL to store the information in that order, meaning that when you delete rows > 20 minutes SQL can literally delete stuff sequentially rather than hopping from page to page.

A: The log problem is probably due to the number of records deleted in the trasaction, to make things worse the engine may be requesting a lock per record (or by page wich is not so bad)
The one big thing here is how you determine the records to be deleted, i'm assuming you use a datetime field, if so make sure you have an index on the column otherwise it's a sequential scan of the table that will really penalize your process.
There are two things you may do depending of the concurrency of users an the time of the delete

*

*If you can guarantee that no one is going to read or write when you delete, you can lock the table in exclusive mode and delete (this takes only one lock from the engine) and release the lock

*You can use batch deletes, you would make a script with a cursor that provides the rows you want to delete, and you begin transtaction and commit every X records (ideally 5000), so you can keep the transactions shorts and not take that many locks

Take a look at the query plan for the delete process, and see what it shows, a sequential scan of a big table its never good.

A: Unfortunately for the purpose of this question and fortunately for the sake of consistency and recoverability of the databases in SQL server, putting a database into Simple recovery mode DOES NOT disable logging.
Every transaction still gets logged before committing it to the data file(s), the only difference would be that the space in the log would get released (in most cases) right after the transaction is either rolled back or committed in the Simple recovery mode, but this is not going to affect the performance of the DELETE statement in one way or another.

A: I had a similar problem when I needed to delete more than 70% of the rows from a big table with 3 indexes and a lot of foreign keys.
For this scenario, I saved the rows I wanted in a temp table, truncated the original table and reinserted the rows, something like:
SELECT * INTO #tempuser FROM [User] WHERE [Status] >= 600;
TRUNCATE TABLE [User];
INSERT [User] SELECT * FROM #tempuser;

I learned this technique with this link that explains:

DELETE is a a fully logged operation , and can be rolled back if something goes wrong
TRUNCATE Removes all rows from a table without logging the individual row deletions

In the article you can explore other strategies to resolve the delay in deleting many records, that one worked to me

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
NRA Back on Facebook, Gives Statement on Newtown Shooting
Josh Wolford
Shortly after the tragic shootings in Newtown, Connecticut that left 26 innocents dead, the nation's largest and most powerful gun lobby decided that a social media blackout was the way to go. The National Rifle Association stopped tweeting, and they unpublished their Facebook page making it inaccessible to everyone except page admins.
Today, they're back on Facebook and the organization has made their first public statement on the Sandy Hook elementary shootings.
They posted a short statement to their 1.7 million Facebook fans just a few minutes ago, saying that they will offer "meaningful contributions" to ensure this "never happens again."
The NRA is made up of four million moms and dads, sons and daughters – and we were shocked, saddened and heartbroken by the news of the horrific and senseless murders in Newtown. Out of respect for the families, and as a matter of common decency, we have given time for mourning, prayer and a full investigation of the facts before commenting. The NRA is prepared to offer meaningful contributions to help make sure this never happens again.
They also posted an image that says, "There's never been a more important time. Join the NRA."
They've also announced that they will hold a national press conference in Washington DC on Friday. Time TBA.
Tags Facebook newtown shooting NRA School Shooting
Epic Opens an Online Store Just in Time For Christmas
House Approves VPPA: Americans Might Soon Be Able To Share Netflix Viewing Data On Facebook


Get up to 17,300 pages from your ColorQube 8700 printer using this pack of six Magenta Ink Sticks. The tried-and-tested ColorQube technology uses solid ink for clean and efficient printing, with no environmentally-unfriendly cartridges to dispose of. They're specially shaped to ensure fluid loading and fast speeds. These ColorQube ink sticks are a genuine Xerox product, ensuring unbeatable quality and reliability.


A payday loan is a short term loan that is granted to employed individuals that is due on the next pay day. The borrower instantly gets that amount in his/her bank account. Thus these are the most liquid types of loans around.
Those who want to get a payday loan, they go to payday loan lenders. Traditionally, all the pay day loan lenders used to operate verify their client's income source and alike. The borrower is given the amount upon verification and approval from the lender. In return, borrower gives lender a signed check. If borrower does not return the loan and the additional fee to the lender on or before due date, the lender then redeems the check.
However, today, payday loan lenders do not operate this way. Instead, more than 80% of the lenders operate electronically over the web. For instant, www.instantcashadvanceusa.net is a US based payday loan lender that operates electronically. A potential borrower fills out an application form over the internet, submits it and upon approval, funds are transferred to his bank account. And lender, withdraws the loan amount and fee directly from the borrowers bank on his payday.
According to a recent research, a fairly large number (more than half) of the lenders do not ask for any proof of income while giving payday loans. Interesting.
And according to another research, about 15% of the borrowers do not return payday loans. Or the risk that payday lenders have to face is extremely high. And this is the reason that the fees and late payment charges of payday loans are way too higher than normal loans.
It is not hard to say that payday loans are helping people a lot. I mean there is no point in saying that these are useless or something. Of course, they carry a very high interest rate and fee, but people do not hesitate to pay a very high fee for a sheer amount when they desperately need cash. The best thing about payday loans is that you get money when you need it. In a few hours. There are lenders out there that will literally approve your application within 5 minutes or so.
You can use payday loan in several different ways. There is no limitation as to how you can use your payday amount. You can use your money in any way you need. Most of the people get a payday loan when they are out of cash. Or when they need cash in emergency. Although there is no fixed amount of loan that you can get, but generally you can have $50 to $2000.
Since the interest rate and fee of payday loans is very high, most of the people do not bother to apply for a payday loan. Alternately, these guys borrow money from their peers, friends and relatives, which is interest-free loan. It is much better to go for other options (if you have) when you need small amount of cash on urgent basis. A payday loan must be your last option.
But at times, it gets necessary to get a payday loan. In such a case, you need to do some calculations. See whether it is feasible to get a payday loan? Can you repay the loan and fee before due date? It is strongly recommended to apply for least amount. If you need $500, then apply for $500 only. Do not apply for more than this amount. This is because, your fee and interest rate will increase with the every single buck you add to the loan amount.
A payday loan is indeed very helpful. This is the reason that the number of payday lenders and borrowers have increased significantly over last few years. Take as much advantage as you can from payday loans to improve yourself financially.


We provide the best and fast service for all kinds of Fitting, installation and fixing services under the sun which are related to Interior Designing. Be it fixing/ fitting or installation of carpets, curtains, Blinds, Wallpapers, Artificial Grass etc. Dubai Interiors is the best option that you can bank upon.
We have a professional team of craftsmen who are skilled and trained to fit and install all kinds of Blinds. Best Value for money service is offered in time.


There is a vast untapped market worth an estimated $20 billion by 2020. Those with 2020 vision will set their sights on this potential goldmine.
The anticipated wealth derives from the range of products and services being developed to ensure a healthy and engaged population at all stages of life – particularly in older age. The power of this positive vision was highlighted at the Business of Aging Innovation Summit held recently at MaRS.
Not surprisingly, oft-repeated messages were oft repeated. Canada has one of the most rapidly aging populations in the world. By 2050, 25% of citizens will be over 65.
Canada faces serious intergenerational tensions linked to end-of-life spending relative to the beginning. On health care alone, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reports average annual provincial and territorial expenditure per capita of $17,469 for people over 80 compared with $8,239 for infants. The International Monetary Fund estimates the financial implications of aging as ten times greater than the current economic recession.
Clearly, there is no room for Pollyanna in this picture. But there is another side of the aging story that is not told often enough.
Emerging research on brain fitness highlighted at the Summit demonstrates how new scanning technologies can identify chronic brain disease at least ten years before symptoms of debilitating conditions (such as dementia) actually appear. Postponing the onset of these symptoms can reduce the incidence of these conditions (such as Alzheimer's disease) by 50% — with massive savings of both dollars and douleur. Delay of symptoms by ten years virtually can eradicate this disease from the population.
Information and communication technologies have opened up worlds of opportunity — not just for an older population but for all. These technologies allow greater mobility in how and where work is carried out. Anyone with a lap and a top can pull together a powerful combination of contribution. There are no age or other limits in a wired world.
Finally, the new vision of healthy aging requires new policies. Current policies and programs evolved from early 20th century industrial society in which jobs largely involved physical labour and lifespan was shorter. Age 65 was deemed the point at which the average person would need a few years' rest before exiting the global stage.
But the world has tipped on its head since this economic foundation was cast in stone. While there are still millions of hewers, harvesters and heavy machinists, global wealth is rooted largely in the creation and application of knowledge. Brain has surpassed brawn as the primary driver in a knowledge-based world.
The shift means that there must be greater flexibility in employment and pension options so that workers can maintain some attachment to the labour market in ways that make sense to them — and that accommodate their unique preferences and needs. Black-and-white policies are outmoded in a world that is increasingly gray.
No one can deny the aches, pains and suffering typically associated with advancing age. But diagnostic and preventive interventions — along with lifelong opportunities for learning, employment and social engagement — can push back the onset of age-based incapacity. Recent health research found that those who continue to do some work after 65 have better health outcomes than those who quit entirely.
The future should be seen not as two population solitudes in which the under-65's have the capacity to contribute and those on the other side of the outmoded age divide are seen as nothing more than a drain on resources.
The alternative vision sees not an aging population writ large but rather individual workers and consumers, creators and curators, and teachers and learners — both imparting and improving their wisdom throughout their lifetime.
The active and healthy vision requires a range of social supports and services along with accessible and affordable transportation. It also involves the development of technologies related to health diagnostics, home safety and security, mobility, and social and economic participation.
Silver can turn to gold if we make a conscious choice both to see — and seize — the huge prospects for innovation. Aging has finally come of age.


There will be a special called meeting of Williamston Town Council on Tuesday September 1st at 6:30 pm at Williamston Town Hall to discuss a local project of public interest. "The public meeting will be to discuss the current standing of the Anderson County Transportation Committee Gatewood Project and next steps in the completion of the project," Williamston Mayor Mack Durham said.
Representatives on the County, State, and Federal level along with project-related entities are expected to attend.
"Our residents will have the opportunity to hear each entity's perspective directly," Durham said.


Get full coverage that forms to you perfectly with this lined, molded bra. Made of polyester/spandex.
Molded, unpadded underwire cup has cushioned underwires for comfort.
Stretchy molded cups are great for breasts that are slightly uneven, and have an elasticized top edge for fit.
Bandless lower front is less bulky for short-waisted women.
Triangle center panel with lace at top.
Lace sides and back have a soft lining with sewn-on elastic edges for a custom fit.
Restricted stretch elastic straps have lace at front and adjust in the back with plastic hardware.
Coated metal hook-and-eye closure in back, see our Size Chart link at top right for hook counts.
Leotard back helps prevent straps from falling off the shoulders.
Please Note: "Molded" means that the cups are shaped but unpadded.
Molded underwire cup is free of Support Panels and padding.
Restricted Stretch strap is 3/4" wide and adjusts in the back with plastic hardware.
Measurement is taken from a size 38C and may vary slightly by size.


T-shirt with a slightly cleared neckline and short sleeves.
It emphasized the body lines with a delicate plumetis spotty pattern and openwork fabric.
To wear alone or underneath something.
Its seamless knitting allows absolute softness.
A circular knitting technique allows to limit the number of seams and thus increase elasticity and comfort.
Lyocell is a fiber made from wood pulp.
Its manufacturing process is ecological and safe because it does not require any toxic solvents.
o Elastane provides elasticity and better sustainability of the product. It also allows faster drying.
The use of polyamide is inherent to that of elastane; it supports the elastane thread to allow the knitting.
It is used for its remarkable strength and delicacy and cannot today be substituted by a natural fiber.
However, we are developing an eco-friendly material to replace the polyamide.
Moisturizes, Nourishes, Regenerates and Replumps the skin.
The vegetable oils have been selected with the greatest care and are from organic farming*.
*Punus amygdalus dulcis oil*, Butyrospermum parkii (Shea) butter*, Helianthus annuus, hybrid oil*, Mentha Viridis Oil*, Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) flower oil*, Pelargonium Graveolens Oil*, Arnica montana flower extract*, Tocopheryl acetate.


text:
Giants use coach's gaffe to beat L.A.
Sports // San Francisco Giants
Henry Schulman, Chronicle Staff Writer
July 21, 2010 Updated: Feb. 9, 2012 4:53 a.m.
If you say you knew the little-known codicil of Rule 8.06 that manager Bruce Bochy used as a cudgel to help the Giants complete a huge comeback and beat the Dodgers 7-5 Tuesday night, well, you're a liar and your pants are on fire.
In a stunning and wacky end to a game that already was a novella, the Giants scored three runs in the ninth inning to overcome a 5-4 deficit after acting Dodgers manager Don Mattingly spent two visits on the mound on one trip to talk to closer Jonathan Broxton. After Bochy informed the umps, they invoked an obscure part of the rule and forced Broxton to leave the game.
George Sherrill relieved him, and Andres Torres responded with a two-run double into the left-center gap to give the Giants a lead. Buster Posey added an RBI single.
Jeremy Affeldt earned the save in place of a resting Brian Wilson, and so ended an already eventful game in which an ineffective Tim Lincecum was knocked out in the fifth inning after knocking down and then hitting Matt Kemp, and Clayton Kershaw retaliated against Aaron Rowand and earned one of three Dodgers ejections.
"I think that's the craziest win we've had all season," Affeldt said. "I'm sure we'll put our heads on our pillows and smile."
They can smile because they overcame a 5-1 third-inning deficit and secured their first series win against the Dodgers since May 2009.
1of3San Francisco Giants center fielder Andres Torres celebrates with his team in the dugout after scoring in the ninth inning of a baseball game against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Tuesday, July 20, 2010, in Los Angeles. The Gaints won 7-5.Gus Ruelas/APShow MoreShow Less
2of3San Francisco Giants' Tim Lincecum pitches in the first inning of a baseball game against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Tuesday, July 20, 2010, in Los Angeles.Gus Ruelas/APShow MoreShow Less
3of3Los Angeles Dodgers manager Joe Torre, center, argues with first base umpire Tim McClelland, left, after Dodgers' coach Bob Schaefer, right, is ejected in the sixth inning of a baseball game against the San Francisco Giants, Tuesday, July 20, 2010, in LosAngeles.Gus Ruelas/APShow MoreShow Less
The Giants loaded the bases with one out in the ninth. Mattingly went to the mound to talk strategy with Broxton, then started to return to the dugout. He wanted to say something else, swiveled back toward Broxton and returned to the mound. According to Rule 8.06, once you step off the dirt, the first visit is over.
"I guess those two little steps off the mound helped us," Lincecum said.
Mattingly said home-plate umpire Adrian Johnson yelled, "No, no, no" when he started back toward the mound. The umps knew what happened, but they would not have forced Broxton out had Bochy not complained.
Bochy knew the rule well. He used it in this same stadium in 2006 to force then-Dodgers manager Grady Little to remove Brad Penny.
"It's an easy mistake to make," Bochy said. "I saw it. Once he went back to say a few more words, I was sitting in a pretty good position, that's all. What's important is that Torres came through with that double. He delivered big-time."
Lincecum's fifth-inning drilling of Kemp - accidental, he said - set off the daisy chain. Kemp took a couple of steps to the mound and Lincecum took a couple of steps toward Kemp, later saying, "I was just doing my part, whatever the hell that was, standing there wearing it."
The Giants then scored three off Kershaw in the sixth to close to 5-4. Sandoval had the big hit, a two-run double down the left-field line. In the bottom half, Denny Bautista nearly hit Russell Martin. Dodgers bench coach Bob Schaefer was ejected arguing that Bautista should have been ejected.
Kershaw retaliated in the seventh by hitting Rowand, an odd move with the Dodgers leading by only a run. That got Kershaw ejected. Equally important, manager Joe Torre was ejected automatically, putting Mattingly at the helm.
Lost in the hubbub and crazy ending was an unnerving outing by Lincecum, who struggled to hit 90 mph on the gun, could not throw strikes and even had a pitch slip out of his hand and fly into the air. He allowed five runs in 4 2/3 innings.
In Main News: Lefty O'Doul's, the restaurant named after the famed S.F. ballplayer, welcomed home a familiar face, or rather, a familiar arm this week. Find out where O'Doul's limb has been. A1
Reach Henry on


text:
Hollywood Stars You Might Know are Ghanaians
Entertainment World
Cynthia Addai-Robinson
She was born on January 12, 1985, and is an English-born American actress. She is known for her roles as Naevia in the Starz television series Spartacus, DC Comics character Amanda Waller in The CW TV series Arrow, and Nadine Memphis on the USA Network series Shooter. She currently plays the role of Tar-Míriel on the Amazon Prime The Lord of the Rings series The Rings of Power.
Addai-Robinson was born in London; her mother is from Ghana and her father is a U.S. citizen. She moved to the U.S. when she was 4 and was raised by her mother in a suburb of Washington, D.C. She graduated from Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Tisch School of the Arts with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater.
In 2011, Addai-Robinson made her big screen debut as the mother of Zoe Saldana's character in Colombiana.
Her biggest role came from 2012 to 2013 when she was cast as Naevia in the third season of Spartacus: Vengeance and the fourth season of Spartacus: War of the Damned after Lesley-Ann Brandt decided to leave the series.
In early 2013, Addai-Robinson played Aja, a powerful witch who came to help Bonnie on The Vampire Diaries for two episodes. She made a brief appearance as an on-looker in the crowd in the film Star Trek Into Darkness. She played Leslie in Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret, a television movie about the murder of Travis Alexander] In September 2013, she was cast as the recurring character Amanda Waller in the hit The CW show Arrow.
He was born November 10, 1967, and is an American actor, director, and martial artist. He was the first African American to portray a major comic book superhero in a major motion picture, starring as Al Simmons, the protagonist in the 1997 film Spawn. White appeared as Marcus Williams in the Tyler Perry films Why Did I Get Married? and Why Did I Get Married Too?, and starred as the character on the TBS/OWN comedy-drama television series Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse.
White portrayed Jax Briggs in Mortal Kombat: Legacy and the Cyborg Seth in Universal Soldier: The Return. He portrayed boxer Mike Tyson in the 1995 HBO television movie Tyson. He also played the title role in the blaxploitation parody film Black Dynamite, as well as the animated series of the same name.
White is a martial artist in nine different styles: Shōtōkan, Goju-Ryu (for which he studied under Master Eddie Morales where he learned to sharpen his Goju karate technique), Taekwondo, Kobudō, Tang Soo Do, Wushu, Jiu Jitsu, Kyokushin, and Boxing, with a specific focus in Kyokushin Karate (although his style incorporates aspects of many different martial arts forms). White started training in martial arts at the age of four in Jiujitsu. He next took up Shōtōkan and moved on to other styles later.
Peter Mensah
He was born on 27 August 1959 and is a Ghanaian-English actor, best known for his roles in the films Tears of the Sun, Hidalgo, The Incredible Hulk, 300, and television series such as Starz' Spartacus: Blood and Sand, Spartacus: Gods of the Arena, and Spartacus: Vengeance.
Mensah was born in Chiraa, Ghana, and comes from an academic family. He was born to parents from the Brong Ahafo Region, and moved to Hertfordshire, England, with his father, Peter Osei Mensah, an engineer, his mother, a writer, and two younger sisters at a young age. Mensah began practising martial arts at the age of six.
Mensah's film credits include Avatar, 300, Hidalgo, Tears of the Sun, Jason X, Harvard Man, Bless the Child, and The Incredible Hulk. He also stars in the short film The Seed, produced and directed by Linkin Park's DJ Joe Hahn. He has made television appearances in Star Trek: Enterprise, Tracker, Witchblade, Blue Murder, Relic Hunter, Earth: Final Conflict, Highlander: The Raven, and La Femme Nikita. He was a member of the repertory cast of the A&E Network series A Nero Wolfe Mystery and Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles.
He voiced and provided his likeness for Sgt. Zach Hammond in EA's video game Dead Space. Mensah played the character Oenomaus in Spartacus and was on the Spartacus Panel at Comic-Con in 2009 and 2011. He had a recurring role in the fifth season of True Blood.
He is the voice of Predaking, the dragon-like leader of the Predacons in Transformers: Prime.
Idrissa Akuna Elba
He was born on 6 September 1972 in the London Borough of Hackney, to Winston Elba, a Sierra Leonean Creole man who worked at the Ford Dagenham plant, and Eve, a Ghanaian woman. Elba's parents were married in Sierra Leone and later moved to London. Elba was raised in Hackney and East Ham and shortened his first name to "Idris" at school in Canning Town, where he first became involved in acting. He credits The Stage with giving him his first big break, having seen an advertisement for a play in it; he auditioned and met his first agent while performing in the role. In 1986, he began helping an uncle with his wedding DJ business; within a year, he had started his own DJ with some of his friends.
He is an English actor, producer, and musician. An alumnus of the National Youth Theatre in London, he is known for roles in Stringer Bell in the HBO series The Wire, DCI John Luther in the BBC One series Luther, and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, winning one, and has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award.
Elba appeared in Ridley Scott's American Gangster (2007) and Prometheus (2012). Elba portrayed Heimdall in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Thor (2011) and its sequels Thor: The Dark World (2013), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018). He also starred in Pacific Rim (2013), and Beasts of No Nation (2015), for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for Best Supporting Actor, and Molly's Game (2017). In 2016, he voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia, Shere Khan in the live-action/CGI adaptation of The Jungle Book, Fluke in Finding Dory, and played the role of Krall in Star Trek Beyond.
In 2021, he portrayed Bloodsport in The Suicide Squad, set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), while in 2022, he voiced Knuckles the Echidna in the film Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (2022), and will headline a spin-off self-titled solo series as the character for Paramount in 2023. Aside from acting, Elba performs as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis or Idris and as an R&B musician. In 2016, he was named on the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World.
Tags: acting, Ghana, hollywood
Meet The 9-year-old Ghanaian who models for Zara, Gucci and other top International fashion brands
Front line Health workers demand their Insurance packages


Are you confident your practice is best placed to deliver best care to your patients? Are you concerned or excited about the changing healthcare landscape?
Opportunity to engage deeper with the National Health Service carries its own operational and strategic demands. The future of private healthcare lies in using information to create more personalised care.
This principle can be extended to the heart of your clinical operations. Using our experience and knowledge we can deliver a Total Management Information System (TMIS) that will transform your operations. As flexible as required our packages financial spine enhances management level decision making by giving you real time and accurate information that can also be coupled with non financial data and key perfomance indicators (KPI) to give you a true picture of activity. This can then increase access, drive up quality and control costs more effectively. As your operation grows so to can your TMIS but increased complexity of operation does not mean increase complexity of use.
Shah Kazemi & Co has broad expertise across many different aspects of healthcare provision, including technology development and delivery and consulting services for secondary healthcare companies, as well as supporting the health sector in the delivery of care.


With almost 30 years' expertise in developing professional nutritional supplements, we continue to provide the most effective and highest quality products, accompanied by the best level of support and service, to effectively meet the needs of each individual.
We use the best possible ingredients and processes to ensure our products are of the highest quality. Some of our products are independently tested to ensure they meet the stringent purity standards required by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) for athletes. Look out for our 'Informed Sport' products in the catalogue.
We provide nutrients in the most bioavailable forms and avoid the use of unnecessary additives and allergens to create a range of hypoallergenic products suited to the most sensitive individuals.
We specialise in devising the most clinically effective nutritional solutions based on the latest research and clinical practice, working closely with leading practitioners and scientists in the field.
We pride ourselves on providing a range of flexible solutions to suit any situation: capsules, liquids, powders, oils and sachets.
We are proud that our products are designed and manufactured in the UK.
We employ a number of unique, state-of-the-art product technologies, including BioMulsion® and MicroCell®- unique emulsification technologies with clinically-proven superior absorption- and DuoCap® technology, which allows us to separate the incompatible ingredients in different compartments within one capsule to be released discretely, maximising effectiveness.
Our innovation extends to our support services too.
We have class-leading educational and product support for practitioners and retailers. Our unrivalled educational events schedule includes seminars all over the UK, and live monthly webinars. Our events are normally free and CPD accredited. In addition, our extensive online resource area, containing webinars and videos, clinical protocols, 'In Practice' research notes, product information and more, is available to all trade customers free of charge.
We have a team of Product Consultants delivering the highest quality training and support in-store, and a team of qualified Nutritional Therapists at the end of our Clinical Nutrition advice line, open to anyone for expert nutritional advice and product support, 5 days a week. Our expert and friendly Customer Service team are also on hand 5 days a week to help with any queries.


BlackRadioIsBack.com Music: Drake "aLive" Mixtape 2009 | BlackRadioIsBack.com - Official Blog of the Syndicated FuseBox Radio Broadcast!
Hey there to our BlackRadioIsBack.com and FuseBox Radio Broadcast crew!
Now, everyone and their Mama has been getting on my case about this Canadian MC Drake, especially with his recent co-signage by mainstream MC of the moment Lil' Wayne & his Young Money imprint and the 9,999,999 spins of "Best I Ever Had" (which makes me want to stab a rusty spork in my ear due to the overload).
Quite frankly, I haven't gotten sold on the brother being nice on the mic (blame it on the PR & payola, sorry) until hearing from a good amount of my peoples that he can maintain a dope live show - which I still need to check for myself - as well as giving some in depth listens to some of his recent mixtapes, including the dope one we have below from our fam at TreyPeezy.com that shows he can actually maintain a pretty decent live show that doesn't shame Black Music and is sans autotune, 1,000 weed carriers on the stage, etc.
Anyway, check the TreyPeezy.com Presents - Drake "aLive" Mixtape 2009 and decide for yourselves where Drake should stand in the Hip-Hop realm...let folks know what you think!
Drake Perfoming In Detroit W/ Big Sean and Wale from Flying With Da Fishes Blog on Vimeo.
Hell yeah. I love the post. It's so real!


text:
›Ship
Collection: Ship Paint by Numbers
Shop Ship Paint by Numbers from American Artists. Free 3-day Shipping, Easy Returns, trusted by 40.000+ painters worldwide, 500+ 5-stars reviews.
ship-paint-by-numbers-adults
Morning Coffee at the Beach House
Reflections on the Gold Coast
The Beach at Sainte Adresse, Claude Monet
Lakeshore Drive - Chicago
Shrimper at Harbor
Marigot Bay St-Lucia
Pagoda in the nature
Manotak Lodge
Ships' history: sailboat, yacht, small barge, shrimper…
The history of ships began in prehistoric times with Homo Erectus building bamboo rafts as a means of transportation. Later, Homo Sapiens, the Modern Man, improved on these rafts and built the early boats.
The Egyptians are thought to have built the first sailing boat in the world using reed. This dates back to 4000 BC. They have continually improved upon this and later built wooden boats and the galley, a sailboat powered by man. The galley was used to both fight and trade. At around 1000 AD, Vikings began building longboats, a ship with sails, and over 60 men who row it.
The use of wooden ships for trade, explorations, transportation of cargo, and battles began in 1450. Later in 1660, Charles II of England used a yacht to take him to the Netherlands from England for his restoration. Since then, yachts became vessels known to transport very important people. This remains the same today. Yachts are often only owned by rich people.
In the early 1800s, the maritime community took an even bigger turn, the first ships using steam power was built to transport passengers across the deep Atlantic Ocean. These were later replaced with diesel-powered ships. The most famous ship is probably the Titanic, thanks to the movie. The boat sailed in 1912. But even though they thought it was unsinkable, it did sink when its stern area hit an iceberg off the Newfoundland coast.
There are different types of boats and ships that people use now like barges and shrimper boats. They are often diesel-powered and the bigger cargo ships are run by marine engineers.
Sailing on a lake, surrounded by forest and mountains
Do you ever just want to feel an endless summer, sailing on the lake, and watching the sun magically disappear on the horizon? Don't you just love being surrounded by nature in all its glory? Hues of green and earth and tones of gold and pink wherever you look. Admiring nature as you navigate through the lake; aboard your vessel paint by number, hoping that the boat won't overturn so, you won't have to swim.
Sometimes you can't help but wonder how to make it last longer. How does nature blend all these colors to perfection? And how, in a world so full of chaos, does beauty such as this exist? It's these moments that make us turn to art as an excuse to replicate this wave of emotions through colors and tones that rightfully capture the gradient of sunset and the forest.
A sunset lake painting is exactly these feelings on a frame. Sail away into a solitary mood as you bring life to this piece of artwork.
How to paint a ship?
Painting a ship can be very a detailed visual even for expert artists. Even making a ship is a craft in itself. But it does not have to be that difficult. Think of it as painting an ocean view. Imagine your setting first. Is it daytime? Night? Sunrise? Sunset? Based on that, create a value chart of colors that matches the scenery you want.
Start painting the light colors first. Then add depth by adding the darker shades. Once you're done with the background view, it's time to add the star of the show - the ship! To start, create an outline of your ship first. Then paint over the outline. Start with the shadows first then start adding more light to areas where light would mostly hit. Finish it off with extra details like painting reflections to bring the entire painting together.
If you're new to painting and want to practice the basics of painting before diving into a blank canvas, painting by numbers could be a good practice template for you. It's best for beginners because all you really have to do is color the numbered area with the right acrylic paint. No mixing is needed! The acrylic paint is all the right pigment you will need to complete the painting. Acrylic is also more suitable for beginners than oil.
Want more landscapes painting by numbers kits?
Urban living has become the new way of life. Nature, where everything began, used to be our home but now it has become a place to escape. But if you can't be in nature now, why not paint one? Bring out the artist in you.
Immerse yourself in a landscape paint by numbers canvas that is sure to bring you the same feeling of tranquility and solitude as when you are with nature.
And if you're itching to go to the beach, maybe a beach painting kit will do for now. If you're dying to swim in the ocean, maybe an ocean paint by numbers can help satiate your urge. The important thing is: you get to relax and de-stress.
Did not find your perfect ship DIY painting?
You can custom one from a picture of yours!
Escape and sail away through painting! Unleash the painter in you and make your own artwork with DIY custom paint by numbers art kit. If you have the most perfect ship photo that you want to bring to life through art, create a canvas template of it with us.
Our kits contain everything that you need to finish your artwork. With each kit, you get a paint set of acrylics in numbered paint pots, a set of four brushes, your custom canvas pattern, and an instruction sheet.


text:
Cpl. Nathan Berze, media officer for the Mission RCMP, giving an update on the investigation at 11:30 a.m., Oct. 30. Patrick Penner photo.
VIDEO: Prisoner convicted of first-degree murder still at large from Mission Institution
When 10 p.m. count was conducted, staff discovered Roderick Muchikekwanape had disappeared
Patrick Penner
Bellingham Police are reporting a possible sighting of a man who escaped from the Mission Institution's minimum security unit last night.
Roderick is a 41 year old Indigenous male, 6'0", 217 lbs with brn eyes and blk hair.
Last seen wearing all dark clothing, a backward baseball hat, and a procedure mask.
If seen, call 9-1-1 immediately. Photo below is suspected to be Roderick in Sumas, this a.m.#bp176 pic.twitter.com/OQx0sSC043
— Bellingham Police (@BellinghamPD) October 30, 2020
Original story:
A man convicted of first-degree murder has escaped Mission Institution's minimum security unit.
When prison staff were conducting the end-of-night head count at 10 p.m., they realized that Roderick Muchikekwanape was not present, Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) said in a news release.
The Mission RCMP detachment was contacted at 10:30 p.m., and issued a warrant for his arrest for being unlawfully at large, said Cpl. Nathan Berze, media officer for the Mission RCMP.
He said a risk assessment was conducted with CSC and the Parole Board of Canada, and there's nothing to indicate he's a threat to the general public.
"While we are aware that Roderick Muchikekwanape has a history of significant violence, we do not believe that he is an immediate threat to the general public," said Berze. "If you see him, do not approach and call your local police."
The Mission RCMP has assigned a team of five or six investigators from the serious crime unit, Berze said.
Muchikekwanape is currently serving a life sentence. In 1998, he was convicted of murdering Kimberly Clarke in Winnipeg as she was walking home from a party. Clarke was 36-years old, and a mother of three.
Clarke's body was found floating in Red River, which passes through the center of Winnipeg. She had been sexually assaulted and battered, according to the autopsy report.
Muchikekwanape, 41, is described as six-feet tall, weighing 217 pounds, having medium complexion, and black hair and brown eyes.
CSC and RCMP officers will be investigating how Muchikekwanape was able to escape the prison, Berze said, but they are not prepared to talk about those specifics yet.
He did disclose that Muchikekwanape left the prison with a number of his personal belongings, an amount that "could fit into the size of a duffle bag," and he was last seen in the prison at 7 p.m., Berze said.
The initial stages of the investigation involve speaking with the last CSC employees and neighbouring inmates he was in contact with, looking at CSC phone records and CCTV footage, canvassing the nearby neighbourhood, and then contacting family and friends and identifying places of interest, according to Berze.
"Avenues usually identify themselves from there," Berze said. At this point within the detachment, it's all hands on deck. So we have everyone on the lookout actively looking for him."
Berze said he is not aware of Muchikekwanape being outside the prison for CSC programs.
Anyone with information about his whereabouts are asked to contact the Mission RCMP immediately.
"It's important for the public to be diligent to be on the lookout, and to report anything at all that they may see. Any piece of information, or even suspicious activity, that they see could be helpful in locating and arresting him," Berze said.
RELATED: Staff shortages plague Mission Institution following recovery from COVID-19 outbreak
6-year sentence for Kamloops man who helped carve 'rat' into flesh of fellow gang member
Pumpkin carver features police officer killed in off-duty assault in Nelson
Suzy Hamilton Legacy Fund taking 2021 award nominations
Nominations are open until March 15
Nelson Community Food Centre brings in $150k during holiday fundraising
The centre says the money will help address significant need in the city
Driver leaves Hwy. 3 rollover through broken window, west of Grand Forks
Grand Forks RCMP taped off the scene at around 11 a.m. Tuesday, Jan. 26
Nelson researches climate impact of embodied carbon in new buildings
Embodied carbon is the footprint of the manufacture and transport of building materials


text:
NC store owner loses $400K in white Christmas bet
Alan Perry, the owner of Perry's Emporium, promised refunds on everything bought at his store, between November 26 to December 11, if more than three inches of snow fell on Christmas Day at his store location. The city got more than six inches.
"There was another man who bought a $12,000 engagement ring for his girlfriend and she came in yesterday, matter of fact to get it resized. And, she's taking the $12,000 and putting it into her wedding, uh increasing her wedding expenses now. Which kind of blew him away that she was going to do that," said Perry.
Perry says the total payout for customers will be around $400,000 and says he paid for an insurance policy that will cover most of the refunds.
Perry says he didn't mind losing the bet. In fact, he's considering a similar promotion for Valentine's Day.


Novadeck Intranet Content Management System is a system for content management and documents exchange for professional intranets. Besides traditional content management tools (publishing, update, multi-lingualism, administration rights management, moderation, content sharing, separation between content and design...), it features an original descriptive approach, the management on a single platform of numerous web sites with various content and the ability to generate sites from a model. It is aimed at companies looking for an efficient intranet distributed among the different entities, and where management, distribution and content sharing are a priority.
Each entity of your company wishes to have the use of its own intranet site to publish and update information, and your direction wishes to impose a consistent charta in order to normalize exchanges? Intranet Content Management System by Novadeck enables you to federate information under a common format for autonomous sites hosted p, a single platform, in a single unified database.
Information can be aggregated on the main unified portal. In reverse, a piece of news can be published on all the sub-sites of each division.
Each new entity of the company can immediately benefit from a site generated from the model. The site can then evolve depending according to the needs of the entity.
A search engine on published content gives access to information on a local or global basis.
According to its company's communication policy, each intranet site can either be truly independent (with its own data structure, its own administration or navigation rights,its own URL or domain name, and of course its own content). It can equally share characteristics imposed by a model, and even share common content, managed on a centralized mode.
Each entity of the company can manage its information on its dedicated internal site. One or more administrators can affect editing rights to specialists in precise areas of the site. From there, it is possible to create a true knowledge base, constantly enriched by specialists in each sector. By democratizing access to public information and by encouraging specialists within the company to take part to the content publication, the company builds up its knowledge data, enlarges its global expertise, and condserably reduces the time necessary to find the right information. In reverses, acess to some rubrics or even to some of the sites can be limited in order to keep some private spaces when content is dedicated to a specific working group.
The conception of each content page follows this descriptive approach. It is limited to the description of types of	data for each page, possibly under specific conditions, and integrated in a structuring XML framework	.	The resulting XML content is adapted to the display terminal (web browser, wap, etc.) by applying a	standard XSL stylesheet, which enables various layouts of a unique content.
Such an approach features unquestionable advantages: much shorter development time, lower	technical level for site's creators, and interfaces' standardization.


text:
The siege of Smyrna (December 1402) was fought between the Knights of Rhodes, who held the harbour and sea-castle of Smyrna (now İzmir) in western Anatolia, and the army of the Turco-Mongol emir Timur. The Turco-Mongols blockaded the harbour and attacked the fortifications with stone-throwing siege engines, while the defenders, numbering only about 200 knights, countered with arrows and incendiary projectiles. After two weeks of strong resistance against a far superior adversary, the outer wall was destroyed by mining and breached. Some of the garrison managed to escape by sea, but the inhabitants and the city itself were destroyed.

The main sources for the siege are the Persian historians Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi and Mirkhwand and the Arab Ahmad ibn Arabshah, who wrote in the service of Timur's successors. For the Knights of Rhodes, the official history of Giacomo Bosio, written early in the seventeenth century, is an important source. From the Ottoman (Turkish) perspective, there is Neşri and the Künhü'l-aḫbār of Mustafa Âlî. For the Byzantines, there are Doukas and Laonikos Chalkokondyles; for the Genoese, Agostino Giustiniani.

Preparations
Smyrna had been captured by a crusade in 1344 and became a Papal city. The Turks continued to control the inland acropolis, however, but the sea-castle allowed the crusaders to control the harbour. From 1374, the Knights of Rhodes were in charge of its defences. In 1400, Timur launched a war against the Ottoman Empire that culminated in his victory at the Battle of Ankara on 20 July 1402.

In the aftermath of Ankara, the outpost of the Genoese Maona at New Phocaea sent a certain Galeazzo as an ambassador to Timur's camp to seek terms. He remained there three days, returning to New Phocaea with an agreement on 22 September. A knight, Brother Dominic de Alamania, was then sent to the island of Chios, also belonging to the Genoese Maona, in order to persuade the local leaders not to ally with Timur.

While Timur's forces ravaged the Anatolian countryside, targeting Turkish settlements, the Knights of Rhodes prepared the defence of Smyrna. In 1398, under the direction of Brother Guillaume de Munte, a deep ditch had been dug across the promontory to separate the castle from the mainland. In 1402, the garrison of Smyrna numbered 200 knights under the command of the castellan Íñigo de Alfaro. The garrison's pay was raised to 100 florins per knight per year. To cover the increased costs of defence of Smyrna, the central convent authorised an extraordinary subvention of 20,000 florins from the priories.

Defensive preparations in the summer of 1402 were overseen by Admiral Buffilo Panizzatti, with a view to strengthening the system of defence before the expected Turco-Mongol assault. Munitions, supplies, money and reinforcements were continually arriving in the port. The attitude of the garrison was confident. According to Timurid historians, the fortress was thought to be impregnable. The Greek Christian inhabitants of the countryside fled to the city for refuge.

In order to avoid the costs of a siege, Timur sent two envoys, the mirza Pir Muhammad and Sheikh Nur ed-Din, to the Knights commanding them to either convert to Islam or render him tribute (jizya). The command was refused, although Buonaccurso Grimani, an ambassador from Crete to Grand Master Philibert de Naillac on Rhodes, records that the grand master sent an embassy to Timur.
According to the contemporary papal notary Dietrich of Nieheim, Smyrna would have been spared had Íñigo raised Timur's banner on the walls as he had been advised by a certain "Christian bishop", whom Dietrich does not name but who may have been Francis, bishop of Nakhchivan.

Siege

Timur himself, at the head of his central army, arrived before Smyrna on 2 December 1402 (6 Jumada al-Awwal 805). He then ordered the left army under his grandson Muhammad Sultan Mirza and the right army under his son Miran Shah to join him. The central army began to bombard the fortifications across the isthmus with stone-throwers immediately, and set to work on undermining the walls. At some point, the ditch was infilled. Large covered platforms with huge wooden wheels were rolled up to the outer wall. Each could house 200 men. Equipped with ladders, they attempted, apparently without success, to scale the wall. The total besieging force numbered about 4,000 men.

According to the Timurid historians, Timur ordered Malik Shah to construct a large wooden platform on piles to block the entrance to the harbour, which took three days. Doukas, on the contrary, says that the harbour was filled with stones to block ships. Within a few days, the left and right armies had arrived and a general bombardment was ordered. There is no reference to gunpowder, but naphtha and Greek fire were employed by the defenders. According to Sharaf ad-Din:
[Siege] machines and battering rams broke up the walls and towers, the intrepid besieged never stopped throwing wheeled arrows [sic], pots of naphtha, Greek fire, rocket arrows and stones, without giving way. During this time, it rained so extraordinarily that it seemed that the world was to be destroyed and drowned in a second deluge.
The outer walls were breached after only two days of mining, when Timur ordered the fascines supporting the tunnels lit. The result was an explosion that destroyed the wall and buried the defenders in rubble. Timur's forces then entered the city. After some desultory fighting, the Knights fled to their ships, while the Christian inhabitants were massacred. Some ships that were approaching the city with aid turned back in the face of the siege engines, either because of the danger of stone projectiles or because the heads of the massacred were launched at them. The city itself, or that part of it under crusader control, was completely destroyed. The siege had lasted nearly fifteen days. Some knights managed to escape on galleys, including the castellan, Íñigo de Alfaro.

Before withdrawing from Smyrna, Timur ordered the sea-castle demolished and the land castle guarding the acropolis, previously held by the Turks, strengthened.

Aftermath
In the aftermath of the fall of Smyrna, the Genoese outpost at Old Phocaea was threatened by the forces of Muhammad Sultan. Following the lead of New Phocaea, it surrendered without a fight. Francesco II Gattilusio, the lord of the island of Lesbos, also surrendered to Muhammad Sultan and offered to pay tribute. The Genoese authorities on the island of Chios and the Ottoman prince İsa Çelebi both sent envoys to Timur at Ayasoluk offering to do homage. As a result of these surrenders, Timur gained control of two Aegean islands even though he had no navy.

The siege of Smyrna was not widely reported in western Europe, but it did raise awareness of Timur's military power. News of the loss of Smyrna had reached King Martin of Aragon, via Byzantine channels, by 28 February 1403, for on that day he wrote a letter deeply critical of Timur to Henry III of Castile. In March, he mooted the idea of an anti-Timurid crusade to Pope Benedict XIII. In general, however, the European attitude to Timur was more positive, since he had defeated the Ottomans who had been menacing the Byzantine Empire (and Smyrna) for decades.

According to Andrea Redusio de Quero in his Chronicon Tarvisinum, Timur took great pride in the conquest of Smyrna, since it had resisted so many Ottoman attempts before.

With Smyrna lost and the Ottoman state in shambles, Philibert de Naillac took the opportunity to occupy the site of ancient Halicarnassus further south on the Anatolian coast sometime between 1402 and 1408. There he constructed the Castle of Saint Peter (Petrounion, corrupted in Turkish as Bodrum, meaning "cellar"). This fortress remained under the Knights' control until 1523.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Conflicts in 1402
1402 in Asia
Sieges involving the Knights Hospitaller
Smyrna
Battles in medieval Anatolia
Medieval Smyrna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


crusher ponsel bulky waste shredder,Bulky-waste-shredding with industrial shredders | SatrindTech SrlBulky waste (such as doors, furniture, mattresses, sofas, beds, nets, furniture, etc.) are generally addressed to a landfill for its disposal. For this reason, it is essential to operate an optimization of the materials size before procceding with the disposal. SatrindTech therefore proposes two-shaft shredders and crushers which.crusher ponsel bulky waste shredder,Multi-Crushers (FR) for Bulky Waste recycling - Forrec Recycling .Feb 18, 2015 . The multi-crusher series FR is designed to be installed as primary machine in plants for the treatment of municipal solid waste, bulky waste, industrial waste and for all kinds of packaged and unpackaged materials .forrec.eu/multi-crushers.
Shredder Crushing Bulky WasteMay 28, 2017 . Bulky Waste Shredder High capacity and powerful shredder machine for bulky waste size reduction. Robust shredder machinery Made in China by .hardenmachine.crusher ponsel bulky waste shredder,Solid & Bulky Waste Shredders | Reduction Systems | Landfill .SSI Shredding Systems designs and manufactures a variety of low-speed, high-torque industrial shredders for size reduction and recycling of solid, bulky waste of nearly all sizes and materials.
Artech's shredders are engineered for processing and disposing bulk waste. Our industrial machines are driven by powerful electric motors at variable speeds.
Bulky waste (such as doors, furniture, mattresses, sofas, beds, nets, furniture, etc.) are generally addressed to a landfill for its disposal. For this reason, it is essential to operate an optimization of the materials size before procceding with the disposal. SatrindTech therefore proposes two-shaft shredders and crushers which.
Feb 18, 2015 . The multi-crusher series FR is designed to be installed as primary machine in plants for the treatment of municipal solid waste, bulky waste, industrial waste and for all kinds of packaged and unpackaged materials .forrec.eu/multi-crushers.
May 28, 2017 . Bulky Waste Shredder High capacity and powerful shredder machine for bulky waste size reduction. Robust shredder machinery Made in China by .hardenmachine.