text:
Beer City Hockey Club – MCHL
2022-11-05 16:45:00November 5, 2022 Healthy Scratches 6 - 4 Beer City Hockey Club 16:45:004:45 pm
W23_M-01
2022-11-13 20:15:00November 13, 2022 Beer City Hockey Club 6 - 4 Easton Fection 20:15:008:15 pm
Moylan Iceplex OLY
2022-11-20 18:15:00November 20, 2022 Camel Toe Draggers 7 - 5 Beer City Hockey Club 18:15:006:15 pm
Moylan Iceplex NHL
2022-11-26 17:00:00November 26, 2022 Beer City Hockey Club 4 - 4 Healthy Scratches 17:00:005:00 pm
2022-12-03 18:00:00December 3, 2022 Easton Fection 2 - 5 Beer City Hockey Club 18:00:006:00 pm
2022-12-11 19:00:00December 11, 2022 Healthy Scratches 6 - 4 Beer City Hockey Club 19:00:007:00 pm
2022-12-18 19:00:00December 18, 2022 Beer City Hockey Club 3 - 3 Camel Toe Draggers 19:00:007:00 pm
2023-01-08 14:00:00January 8, 2023 Healthy Scratches 5 - 2 Beer City Hockey Club 14:00:002:00 pm
2023-01-14 20:30:00January 14, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club 8 - 3 Easton Fection 20:30:008:30 pm
2023-01-21 18:00:00January 21, 2023 Camel Toe Draggers 2 - 3 Beer City Hockey Club 18:00:006:00 pm
2023-01-29 18:15:00January 29, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club 6 - 2 Healthy Scratches 18:15:006:15 pm
2023-02-05 20:15:00February 5, 2023 Easton Fection - Beer City Hockey Club 20:15:008:15 pm
2023-02-18 19:15:00February 18, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club - Camel Toe Draggers 19:15:007:15 pm
2023-03-05 20:15:00March 5, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club - Easton Fection 20:15:008:15 pm
2023-03-11 14:15:00March 11, 2023 Healthy Scratches - Beer City Hockey Club 14:15:002:15 pm
2023-03-12 11:30:00March 12, 2023 Camel Toe Draggers - Beer City Hockey Club 11:30:0011:30 am
2023-03-19 19:30:00March 19, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club - Easton Fection 19:30:007:30 pm
2023-03-26 18:15:00March 26, 2023 Camel Toe Draggers - Beer City Hockey Club 18:15:006:15 pm
2023-04-02 19:00:00April 2, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club - Healthy Scratches 19:00:007:00 pm
2023-04-08 18:00:00April 8, 2023 Easton Fection - Beer City Hockey Club 18:00:006:00 pm
2023-04-16 11:30:00April 16, 2023 Beer City Hockey Club - Camel Toe Draggers 11:30:0011:30 am


I am on my way home from the large-scale tour that spanned mid September to early November, encompassing 33 concerts and workshops in eight countries.
This website and the ever so noble webmaster Ben along with many of my close associates have been working on a complete discography and I am helping in any way I can, especially concerning the large number of cassettes created during the '80s and early '90s prior to the invention of CD-R burners.
In the present era the way I go about documenting my music has undergone a transformation as modern day technology makes it possible to create incredibly fresh editions of music on tour. During this fall tour of Europe solo and ensemble recordings were available within days of the performance, in one case less than 24 hours later. To me this is really what it is all about, not the frustrating creation of projects for firms such as Bisou (trio with Alex Ward and Steve Beresford) or Tzadik (solo recordings of John Zorn's The Book of Heads) that have not been released years after the recording sessions.
Punters that attend my concerts are able to purchase one of a kind items in special artisan packaging and in some cases these editions are never available in the same form again. That doesn't mean the music disappears, not at all. Files involving these recording sessions will be re-edited into other productions, and certain items will become catalog editions that I will keep in print. Fans righteously point out the legacy and influence of Sun Ra, but to be really fair I got this idea and method of working from Redd Foxx!


The series Ruinaulta, taken during the winter of 2011-2012, is a more radical version of Surselva. The landscapes, which are muted miniatures taken with a Polaroid in an austere valley hemmed in by the steep hills of the Anterior Rhine, no longer dialogue with the frozen remains of daily life but with four faces. These are the fragments of portraits of the members of a single family who are now dead.
Taken in a few days in the company of the photographer Roger Eberhard, the series differs from the rest of Ester Vonplon's work which usually focuses on the duration of time and solitary wanderings. The pictures, which the two artists often made, using expired Polaroid film, produce the effect of a dark, silent road movie shot along the Polish coastline.
The artist's journeys took her to the village of Rahovec/Orahovac, where she shared the day-to-day life of a Rom family in this Serbian enclave in Kosovo. Ester Vonplon started off by responding to the Gashi family's request for souvenir photos before photographing for herself in constant interaction with the family.
The series confirms the relevance of photography practised in a spontaneous and playful way made possible by the relationship Ester Vonplon built with a Rom family during her regular visits to their village in Kosovo. Because of her decision to share these images immediately, Ester Vonplon also decided to use a Polaroid camera.
Ester Vonplon used photography as a companion during her solitary peregrinations and put her pictures in a "guest book" – in Romanch, cudesch da visitas. Perpetually in transit, she sees travel as a form of isolation, as the many shots from the windows of trains and buses demonstrate.


text:
HANSARD 1803–2005 → 2000s → 2000 → October 2000 → 23 October 2000 → Lords Sitting
Family Policies
HL Deb 23 October 2000 vol 618 cc1-3 1
§ Baroness Massey of Darwen asked Her Majesty's Government:
§ Whether their family policies will take account of the initiatives of Parents' Week.
§ The Lord Privy Seal (Baroness Jay of Paddington)
My Lords, the Government completely accept the aims and initiatives of Parents' Week which is intended to raise awareness of the importance and value of parenting and of family support. The Government are delighted that the National Family and Parenting Institute, working together with a number of other family organisations, has succeeded in compiling such an excellent week of events to celebrate parenting. As part of the week, I look forward to hosting a reception in your Lordships' House tomorrow.
§ Baroness Massey of Darwen
My Lords, I thank the Minister for that reply. This is the first Parents' Week. The National Family and Parenting Institute has produced a report as part of that week which suggests that the UK is not particularly family friendly. Can my noble friend state the top three priorities for supporting families, and how they will be implemented?
§ Baroness Jay of Paddington
My Lords, I am well aware of the report to which my noble friend refers. We would all agree that there are many aspects of life where this country may not be as family friendly (to use the jargon) as others. Having spent the past 2 weekend in southern Ireland, I can point to the example that in this country policies of individual restaurants in relation to children, for example, may not be as friendly as they might be.
However, we believe that the Government's policies overall are aimed at supporting families. If I were to refer to three, they would include ensuring that within 20 years no child lives in poverty; making it easier for those parents who wish to do so to balance their home and work priorities and responsibilities; and enabling parents to have access to advice and information on parenting. A wide range of policies will advance those aims. They will mean that by next year, 2001, households with children will be on average £850 a year better off and that 1.2 million children will already have been lifted out of poverty.
Baroness Sharpies
My Lords, will the noble Baroness the Leader of the House tell us how we compare with Europe so far as concerns child poverty?
My Lords, it would be hard to give a blanket answer. My noble friend's Question related more to social policies. Individual countries have different forms of assessing child poverty. I can write giving the noble Baroness a list of those countries where we would say that children live in poverty. One of the Government's aims is to reduce the number of children living in poverty. That is why we are pleased to be able to say that by next year in this country 1.2 million children out of 3 million who were assessed to be living in poverty will no longer be doing so.
§ Lord Trefgarne
My Lords, while I warmly applaud the Minister's initiatives in this area, has the noble Baroness any plans for a grandparents' week? For some of us that might be more appropriate.
My Lords, I should be happy to join in that if it were to be arranged. I believe that there is a grandparents' day. Whether it continues may be a reflection of the number of people prepared 3 to take part. I am very willing to look into the noble Lord's suggestion which I personally would enjoy very much.
§ Lord Avebury
My Lords, can the Minister state what policies the Government have to deal with gypsy children? They are among the most deprived of any section of the community but are not being considered, and will not be in the future, by the Social Exclusion Unit.
My Lords, as I am sure that he will admit, the noble Lord raises a question about a minority of children, but those are children living in difficult circumstances, as he describes. My right honourable and noble friends' policies in the Department for Education and Employment, for example, are designed to make it easier for children of travelling families to be able to attend school. As the noble Lord is well aware, the problem is that the parents and families who fall into this category often do not qualify for provisions such as the working families' tax credit or the childcare tax credit because of their employment record.
§ The Earl of Listowel
My Lords, is the Minister aware of the research produced by the Family Policy Studies Centre entitled Cohabitation in Britain and Norway: A Childhood Perspective? It indicates that in the 1970s the rate of separation of parents in Britain was similar to that in Norway. However, in Britain the figures are now dramatically worse. By the age of four, far more children in this country can expect their parents to separate.
My Lords, I am not familiar with the report to which the noble Earl refers. We are concerned that a large number of children live in families where the disruption that he describes is a contributing cause of their poverty. One of the reasons that we put such emphasis on alleviating child poverty and improving children's education through programmes such as the Sure Start initiative is to make sure that children who are disadvantaged have some compensation.
§ Earl Russell
My Lords, does the Minister agree that it is an essential constituent of a family friendly policy that parents of both sexes should be entitled on equal terms to take time off for domestic emergencies? Will the noble Baroness try to ensure that the actively-seeking-work rules are administered to make that a reality?
My Lords, I am not sure that it is entirely within my powers to ensure that the actively-seeking-work regulations are arranged in the way the noble Earl describes. He will acknowledge that initiatives such as the parental leave arrangements and the part-time work arrangements which have come into force during this past year make it possible for parents to share parenting in a way that the Government want to encourage.
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text:
Philadelphia on Stone
Commercial Lithography in Philadelphia, 1828–1878
Edited by Erika Piola
$51.95 Hardcover Edition
ISBN: 978-0-271-05252-6 Add to Cart
Customers in Europe Buy Here
$51.95 | Hardcover Edition
9" × 10"
134 color illustrations
Co-published with the Library Company of Philadelphia
"Philadelphia on Stone demonstrates very clearly the key role that Philadelphia played in the history of American lithography in the nineteenth century. The eight essays interweave to tell a complex and compelling story that encompasses many different aspects of the nineteenth-century lithographic printing trade: landscape prints and city views, portraits, prints that depict sensational news events, illustrations for books and periodicals, and a vast panoply of advertising work. The biographical essays on the artist James Queen and the lithographer and publisher Peter S. Duval bring to life two men of extraordinary talent who were responsible for Philadelphia's unique contribution to the evolution of lithography. Much of what Erika Piola and her colleagues have to say about lithography in Philadelphia is equally true of lithography as it developed in other cities across the nation, and so this book, which sets out to recount what happened in a specific place, comes very close to being a comprehensive history of lithography in America as a whole. It is sure to become a classic." —Nancy Finlay, Curator of Graphics, The Connecticut Historical Society
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press for the Bibliographical Society of America in association with the Houghton Library, Harvard University, and the Library Company of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia on Stone is the first work in over fifty years to examine the history of nineteenth-century commercial lithography in Philadelphia. The capstone to the Library Company of Philadelphia's multifaceted Philadelphia on Stone project, this heavily illustrated volume of thematic essays provides an analysis of the social, economic, and technological changes in the local trade from 1828 to 1878; biographies of premier lithographers P. S. Duval and James Queen; and new insights about genres of lithographs pertaining to book illustration, advertising, sensational news, and landscape imagery.
Illustrated with more than 130 full-color images, the text will appeal to local historians, scholars of printing history, and those studying visual and popular culture, advertising, and economic history. The depicted advertisements, cityscape and bird's-eye views, disaster prints, and zoological illustrations document Philadelphia while showcasing the skilled work of the city's lithographers. Philadelphia on Stone highlights the finesse and allure of the lithographic process, which radically altered the visual landscape of Philadelphia and the country.
"Philadelphia on Stone is a sumptuously illustrated book that brings new discoveries and fresh perspectives to the cultural history of Philadelphia. This broadly contextualized examination of printing expands our understanding of the production and consumption of visual culture in a major urban center." —Anne Verplanck, Penn State Harrisburg
"The Philadelphia on Stone project and this accompanying volume move the topic of lithography in Philadelphia forward in important ways, connecting business history, labor history, and the consumption of prints to form a new basis for understanding the medium's contributions to visual culture." —Helena Wright, author of Prints at the Smithsonian
"Thoroughly researched and lavishly illustrated. . . . This handsomely produced volume is a tour de force of collaborative scholarship and a welcome addition to the history of visual culture." —Jeffrey Mifflin, Early Popular Visual Culture
"As this handsome volume makes clear in beautifully-designed fashion, Philadelphia in the nineteenth century was the capital of American printmaking. . . . [Erika Piola] has assembled an impressive group of experts to write on a variety of topics focusing on [the city's first fifty years of commercial lithography]." —Erika Esau, ARLIS/NA Reviews
"The reexamination of the romantic age of lithography in Philadelphia on Stone is a wonderful addition to the history of visual culture in nineteenth-century America. . . . This volume should have great appeal beyond nineteenth-century historians and printing scholars because it offers fresh insights into the social, cultural, and economic life of the period." —Kristin L. Spangenberg, Winterthur Portfolio
"If you love historical prints, this will be a terrific addition to your reference library. . . . I was impressed, and entertained, and thoroughly delighted by this publication." —Jim Burant, Imprint: Journal of the American Historical Print Collectors Society
Erika Piola is Associate Curator of Prints and Photographs at the Library Company of Philadelphia.
1	The First Fifty Years of Commercial Lithography in Philadelphia: An Overview of the Trade, 1828–1878
Erika Piola and Jennifer Ambrose
2	Putting Philadelphia on Stone: An Introduction to the Techniques Used
Michael Twyman
3	James Queen: Chronicler of Philadelphia
Sara W. Duke
4	Peter S. Duval, Philadelphia's Leading Lithographer
Sarah J. Weatherwax
5	Lithographed Plates for Books and Periodicals: A Mainstay of Philadelphia Lithographers
Christopher W. Lane
6	Commercial Architecture in Philadelphia Lithographs
Dell Upton
7	Drawn on the Spot: Philadelphia Sensational News-Event Lithographs
Erika Piola
8	Philadelphia Lithography and American Landscape
Donald H. Cresswell
Over fifty years ago, Nicholas Wainwright wrote Philadelphia in the Romantic Age of Lithography, the most complete work of its time about the history of lithography in Philadelphia. The book, described by the author as "fancily" entitled, examined the trade from the inception of the first commercial press in the city, in 1828, until the Civil War, when, according to the author, the "flavor" of the earlier era was lost by modern technology such as the steam press and chromolithography. Wainwright provided an overview of the trade that focused on the major lithographic establishments active during those years, as well as a descriptive inventory of almost five hundred lithographs documenting the built environment of Philadelphia and held predominantly at Philadelphia repositories. A romantic, in the sense of simpler, element may have pervaded the techniques, motives, and structure of the shops of the early lithographers, but little did it pervade the majority of the imagery that dominated the Philadelphia market, or the daily lives of the artists, lithographers, and printers involved in the first fifty years of the trade. Building upon the groundbreaking work of Wainwright, Philadelphia on Stone reexamines this "romantic" period of Philadelphia lithography as part of a three-year collaborative survey project funded by the William Penn Foundation. By placing a greater focus on the role of the smaller artisans who sustained the industry, examining specific genres of prints, and extending the time period analyzed by Wainwright to 1878, this work seeks to document the evolution of the lithography trade in Philadelphia from a different perspective and with more comprehensive consideration of social, cultural, and economic influences.
The collections of the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Free Library of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia History Museum at the Atwater Kent, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, the American Antiquarian Society, the Library of Congress, and the Smithsonian Institution that were surveyed for the creation of the Philadelphia on Stone Digital Catalog (www.librarycompany.org/pos/poscatalog.htm) provide the content and most of the images in this book. The catalog, derived from surveys conducted between May 2007 and May 2010, contains over 1,300 lithographs, related ephemera, and prints documenting Philadelphia commercial lithography between 1828 and 1878. Lithographs listed in Wainwright, separately issued lithographs not listed in Wainwright but portraying Philadelphia, and advertisements for and printed views of Philadelphia lithographic establishments form the core content of the records and images contained in this catalog.
As did Wainwright's, our surveys for the project focused on lithographs documenting the built environment of the city, such as storefronts, churches, landmarks, celebratory and disaster scenes, and panoramas or views. We extended the scope of Wainwright's survey to include lithographers of Philadelphia views who were not local and advertisements for Philadelphia lithographers, views of their printing shops, and portraits of the tradesmen. Although the bulk of the prints were issued from 1828 to 1878, in accordance with the parameters of the project, prints dated to about 1900 and of a more aesthetic nature have also been included in the catalog. These works serve as points of reference because of unique content, exceptional graphic design, or the lithographer. The prints frequently depict Philadelphia cityscapes but also broadly represent the visual culture of the city. Prints beyond our stated scope and not included in the surveys have also been discussed by the contributing authors in support of their arguments.
Although nongraphical primary sources are few for the Philadelphia lithographic trade, these materials also composed a part of the study. No known complete company archive survives, but a scattering of invoices, business correspondence, and credit reports remain to provide evidence of the financial practices of the lithographers. The diaries of Matthias Weaver (compiled 1840–43) and George D. Shubert (compiled 1866), the only known by Philadelphia lithographers, also help us to comprehend the daily existence of the journeyman lithographer. In addition, newspaper and periodical accounts and census and other government records present additional windows onto the industry for which so few primary documents remain other than the prints the firms produced.
Neither this book nor Wainwright's would have been possible if not for two other important figures: the inventor of lithography, Alois Senefelder (1771–1834), and local collector Charles Augustus Poulson (1789–1866). Senefelder, a Bavarian playwright turned amateur printer, conceived the planographic process around 1798, when, according to folklore, he dropped a sheet of limestone marked with his specially devised ink into a bucket of greasy water and observed that it was not effaced. Lithography was the first new printing method to be introduced in more than three centuries. The revolutionary printing process transformed the printed landscape, giving rise to a popular visual culture that continues to influence American society today. It was the first cost-effective method for printing in color, allowed long print runs and larger sizes, and facilitated design innovation because text and images could easily be combined.
Charles Augustus Poulson (1798–1866) also proves a pivotal figure for Philadelphia on Stone. A local antiquarian and son of Library Company librarian Zachariah Poulson (1761–1844), Poulson amassed a large collection of antebellum Philadelphia iconography, including lithographic advertisements that he bequeathed to the Library Company. With this bequest, the Library Company became the public repository of the largest collection of lithographic images of Philadelphia, many inscribed with dates and notes in Poulson's hand. Given the extent of the Poulson collection, and the scores of other lithographs acquired in subsequent years, the Library Company is well positioned to update Wainwright's seminal work.
The succeeding chapters illuminate and augment this narrative and examine the history of the trade, the lives of two seminal lithographers, and specific genres of lithographs. Erika Piola and Jennifer Ambrose provide the introductory chapter, "The First Fifty Years of Commercial Lithography in Philadelphia: An Overview of the Trade, 1828–1878," and discuss the social, cultural, and economic influences that affected the Philadelphia trade between 1828 and 1878, as lithographic establishments evolved from printing shops to plants in concert with improvements to the printing process. Piola and Ambrose use the prints reviewed during the survey as a base for their insights about the production and consumption of Philadelphia lithographs, in addition to providing an analysis of the demographics of the trade. Michael Twyman, in "Putting Philadelphia on Stone: An Introduction to the Techniques Used" (chapter 2), discusses the technical process, tools, and equipment used by the local trade, with reference to European influences. Through detailed observations of lettering styles and tinting methods used by Philadelphia lithographers and their European counterparts, as well as the technological innovations they pursued, Twyman draws parallels and differences between their drawing and printing techniques.
Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the careers of eminent Philadelphia lithographers James Queen (1820/21–1886) and Peter S. Duval (1804/5–1886), collaborators and innovators in the field. In "James Queen: Chronicler of Philadelphia" (chapter 3), Sara W. Duke profiles the life of James Queen, an artist active from the early era of commercial Philadelphia lithography to the era of the predominance of chromolithography, during the 1870s. Trained under the apprenticeship system, Queen undertook work of every description and, unlike many of his peers, worked primarily for one shop, that of Peter S. Duval, his whole career. In "Peter S. Duval, Philadelphia's Leading Lithographer" (chapter 4), Sarah J. Weatherwax provides the most comprehensive biography to date of this printer, known as the premier Philadelphia lithographer of the nineteenth century. Duval can deservedly be called the father of Philadelphia lithography. During a career spanning more than thirty-five years, he produced lithographs of every genre, from book and periodical illustrations to maps to parlor prints, while cultivating many of the city's premier lithographers, including Queen. He also pioneered American chromolithography, introduced steam printing presses to the country, and served as the city's emissary to the trade.
Chapters 5 through 8 focus on specific genres of Philadelphia lithographs. In "Lithographed Plates for Books and Periodicals: A Mainstay of Philadelphia Lithographers" (chapter 5), Christopher W. Lane provides a detailed overview of the commercial importance of the production of lithographic plates for books, magazines, and government reports to the establishment of the lithographic trade in Philadelphia and later to the growth and stability of local firms. He provides an engaging account of the exceptional work produced by premier firms such as John T. Bowen for natural history publications, including McKenney & Hall's History of the Indian Tribes of North America, John James Audubon's multivolume works on birds and quadrupeds, and other ornithological publications. In "Commercial Architecture in Philadelphia Lithographs" (chapter 6), Dell Upton explores the depiction of commercial architecture in antebellum advertising prints and how it reflected the city's "transformations of . . . architecture and geography of commerce." His study perceptively interweaves excerpts from contemporary written commentaries on the city's architecture with deconstructions of the storefront imagery that dominated the large-format advertisements issued to promote the local business community. In "Drawn on the Spot: Philadelphia Sensational News-Event Lithographs" (chapter 7), Erika Piola provides insight into the niche market of sensational Philadelphia news prints, from inception to dissemination, with a particular focus on the interrelationships between the visual and textual accounts of the events. Piola argues that these lithographs have been unduly overshadowed by engraved periodical illustrations in the study of spectatorship and graphic journalism. Donald H. Creswell, in "Philadelphia Lithography and American Landscape" (chapter 8), examines the artistic evolution of Philadelphia landscape imagery in lithographs and by Philadelphia lithographers over the first fifty years of the trade. Cresswell uses a range of genres for his analysis, including portraiture, sheet-music covers, and commercial atlases, to show how landscape imagery not only documented the natural beauty of the region but served as political propaganda, promoted consumerism, and evoked the demographic changes of nineteenth-century America.
The survey work for the project did more than shape the content of these chapters. Mention must be made of two other facets of Philadelphia on Stone: an online biographical dictionary and an exhibition. In lieu of a biographical appendix to this volume, the illustrated Philadelphia on Stone Biographical Dictionary of Lithographers is accessible through the Library Company's digital-collections catalog ImPAC (www.lcpdigital.org). The online dictionary contains the biographies of more than five hundred artists, lithographers, printers, and publishers who worked in commercial lithography in Philadelphia during the first fifty years of the trade. Historically prominent lithographers, such as Childs & Inman, P. S. Duval, Thomas Sinclair, and Wagner & McGuigan; lesser known figures, such as Alphonse Bigot, John F. Finkeldey, and Thomas Hunter; and journeyman who sustained the trade are included among the men and women described. The entries provide a demographic overview of the Philadelphia trade, illustrated by portraits of premier lithographers, views of their establishments, and advertisements for their businesses. The majority of the images represent materials held in the collections of the eight collaborating institutions. Based on the most comprehensive scholarship to date, the biographies are searchable by name and keyword and, unlike conventional printed dictionaries, can be readily revised with any further information provided by readers or discovered by staff.
In addition, a 2010 exhibition provided another venue to disseminate the scholarship resulting from the project. The exhibition included an overview of the history of lithography and the local trade in addition to sections documenting the lives of Philadelphia lithographers, their work, and their influence on the visual culture of nineteenth-century and modern-day society. The exhibition demonstrated how lithography allowed speedy production and a variety of imagery, as shown in the lithographs displayed, thus altering the conception, content, and consumption of prints produced for the commercial and domestic consumer in Philadelphia. Sections of the exhibition examined the change of the establishments from collaborative printing shops in the antebellum era to factories with specialized departments after the Civil War; the influence of the innovations of chromolithography (the process of printing lithographs in multiple colors) and steam printing on this transformation; and the later industry's focus on advertising, particularly trade cards, to remain viable. The online exhibition can be accessed at www.librarycompany.org/pos/posexhibition.htm.
This book represents the capstone to this multifaceted collaborative project and hopes to show that although the romantic age of lithography in Philadelphia should be reevaluated, the romance of the research of this local trade should be infinite.
Art History & Architecture
Nineteenth-century
Pennsylvania & Mid-Atlantic
Pennsylvania & the Mid-Atlantic
A Greene Country Towne
Philadelphia's Ecology in the Cultural Imagination
Edited by Alan C. Braddock and Laura Turner Igoe
The Grid and the River
Philadelphia's Green Places, 1682–1876
Elizabeth Milroy


The history of child custody following divorce reflects the changing view of children and the evolving relationship between husbands and wives. During the colonial period and the early Republic, children were viewed as economic assets whose labor was valuable to their parents and other adults. In this early era, the father as the head of the household had the complete right to the custody and control of his children both during the marriage and in the rare event of divorce. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the child's value as a laborer decreased and more emphasis was place on child nurture and education. The legal concept of the best interestof the child was initiated. Under this rule, mothers gained favor as the parent better able to handle the emotional and nurturing needs of children of tender years and mothers were likely to prevail over fathers in the custody battles following the increasingly common event of divorce. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, fathers regained ground in the now-common event of divorce as women and men struggled for equal standing before the law. There are no longer clear rules on what is in the best interest of the child and psychological experts have increasingly usurped much of the power from judges in custody determinations.
In the modern era child custody is automatically thought of in the context of divorce, and, indeed, beginning in the last half of the twentieth century, divorce has been the setting for the vast majority of custodial disputes. Earlier in American history, however, custodial issues surfaced far more frequently on other occasions: the death of a father or both parents, the incompetence or financial inability of parents to care for their children, and the birth of illegitimate children. With these events the two major considerations in determining who should have custody and control of the child were the labor value of the child and the ability of the adults to properly maintain and supervise the child. Widows often lost custody of their children because they were no longer able to support them. In the era before ORPHANAGES and formal ADOPTIONS, such children were usually apprenticed or "placed out" to another family who would support them in exchange for their services. A child born out of wedlock was known as filius nullius ("child of no family") and the town's poor law official was authorized to place out the child with a family.
Within marriage, fathers had complete right to custody and control of their children. Married women were considered, under common law, femmes couvertes (literally "covered women") who were covered by their husband's identity and authority. A father could hire out a child for wages or apprentice a child to another family without the mother's consent. In the very rare event of divorce, the father normally maintained his legal right to custody and control. The right to divorce was not uniformly established in colonial America and therefore there are few examples of custody decisions following divorce. South Carolina, for example, did not grant its first divorce until 1868. Colonies like New York and Virginia followed the English tradition where full divorce was an ecclesiastical affair and only rarely granted. English law, until 1753, retained the principle of canon law that no marriage can be destroyed. In those states following English tradition, divorce could be obtained only by a private bill in the legislature. In New England, divorce laws were more liberal, as marriage fell under the jurisdiction of the civil courts and legislatures. Following what they believed to be the laws of God, states granted divorce (with the right to remarry) when either party to a marriage could prove that the other had neglected a fundamental duty. The usual grounds for divorce were adultery, desertion, and absence for a length of time determined by the government.
The two most divorce-prone states, Massachusetts and Connecticut, have been fairly well studied. The most important aspect of records of these divorces is that children were not considered at all. In no cases do the courts speak about the best interests of the children, or indeed, show any concern for the children's welfare.
The absence of dispute over the custody of children before the nineteenth century has at least two possible, not mutually exclusive explanations. The first is that mothers believed they had no chance to gain the custody of their children and therefore did not even advance this cause. Fathers alone were entitled to custody and control of their children, as they were to all forms of property. There is, in fact, anecdotal evidence that some women avoided divorce because they feared their husbands would take the children away from them. Nancy Shippen Livingston, a woman from a prominent Philadelphia family, endured a loveless marriage in which her husband forced her to turn the baby over to his family to be brought up. As she was living in New York, she could obtain a divorce only by a private bill in the legislature, which was a notoriously difficult feat. She considered hiring the dashing lawyer Aaron Burr to plead her case to the legislature, but lost courage when she realized that if she won the divorce her husband would gain complete custody and she could be prevented from ever seeing her child again.
Women's belief that they had no legal right to their children was reinforced by English precedent. In Rex v. DeManneville (1804), a mother ran away from an allegedly brutal husband, but Lord Ellenborough of the King's Bench, emphasizing a father's paramount right to custody of his children, returned the child to her father, even though "she was an infant at the breast of the mother."
A second explanation for the absence of custody disputes during the colonial period is that mothers often got custody of the children without a fight. Women were most often granted divorces in cases of adultery or desertion, and it is unlikely that the father deserted with children in tow. In fluid, expanding colonial America, the father most often "went west" in search of new opportunities and failed to send for his family. More than likely, many deserted wives never took the matter to court at all.
The legal and social status of the child was transformed during the first century of the new republic. The colonial view of children as helping hands in a labor-scarce economy gave way to a romantic, emotional view of children who were no longer legally akin to servants under the complete control of their fathers or masters but instead were deemed to have interests of their own. Increasingly, these interests became identified with the nurturing mother.
He [the legislative and judicial patriarchy] has so framed the laws of divorce as to what shall be the proper causes, and in the case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be given as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of women–the law in all cases going upon the false supposition of the supremacy of man, and giving all power into his hands.
The growing number of custody disputes in the nineteenth century most likely reflected two trends: the rise in divorce and the uncertainty of the laws governing custody. Divorce became easier to obtain in most states, and by the second half of the nineteenth century many people were taking advantage of this new opportunity. A U.S. Census Bureau study reveals a rapidly escalating pattern of divorce. While there were 53,574 divorces granted in the years 1867 to 1871, the figure nearly tripled to 157,324 between 1887 and 1891. In about 40 percent of the divorces, children were involved; another 20 to 40 percent did not report either the presence or absence of children. These figures do not account for couples who separated but never divorced. In a culture where a strong stigma was attached to divorce, separated couples were probably far more numerous than those who sought legal termination.
Nature has devolved upon the mother the nurture and care of infants during their tender years, and in that period such care, for all practical purposes, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, is almost exclusively committed to her. At such periods of life courts do not hesitate to award the care and custody of young infants to the wife as against the paramount right of the husband where the wife has shown herself to be a proper person and is able to fully discharge her duty toward the child.
The almost universal exception to the growing rule of awarding children of tender years to their mother occurred when the mother was considered unfit. The very high moral standards attributed to mothers in the nineteenth century allowed judges to view them more positively in custody disputes, but it also meant that judges turned harshly against them when they strayed from conventional moral standards. The two transgressions that most frequently caused women to lose custody of their children were adultery and leaving their husbands without, in the opinion of the judge, just cause.
In 1890, the date often used to mark the beginning of the reform-minded Progressive Era, there were 33,461 divorces in the United States. In the year 1920, at the end of the reform era, there were 167,105 divorces. While these numbers may not be precise, as local records are often incomplete or missing, they suggest that a remarkable increase occurred in the numbers of couples who experienced divorce. Not all of these couples had children; in fact, less than 50 percent of these divorces involved children. Still, for the first time, the number of children who lost a parent from divorce began to approach the number who lost a parent through death. Moreover, countless parents simply deserted, with no divorce sought, and many couples lived apart without divorce.
For the courts and the legislatures, the formerly unusual event of divorce was now commonplace; child custody was no longer an arcane and rarely exercised area of the law and the lives of thousands of children and their parents were affected by custody decisions. These realities accelerated trends that had begun in the nineteenth century, such as the father's obligation to support his children without the benefit of custody, for which there previously had been little precedent. The judiciary still took the lead in developing rules to resolve the private disputes between divorcing couples, but state legislatures increasingly codified these rules, often narrowing the margin of judicial discretion.
The case of Mr. and Mrs. Harmon (Harmon v. Harmon ) provides a glimpse of the changing attitudes of the "Roaring Twenties" and reveals that a woman's sexual conduct was no longer a complete bar to custody. Two married couples in Kansas, Mr. and Mrs. Harmon and an unnamed husband and wife, associated in the same social circles and became good friends, going on late-night rides together and spending much of their free time together. One day Mr. Harmon found Mrs. Harmon engaged in an act of adultery with the other husband. He insisted that she must go to live with her parents and renounce the custody of their five-yearold daughter. Both men made her sign a written agreement admitting her guilt and agreeing to the custody arrangement.
Mr. Harmon then sued for divorce on the ground of adultery and sought custody of their daughter. The court agreed that adultery had been encouraged by the husband. "He must have known the absurd lengths to which extraordinary intimacy, informality, and unconventionality [with the other couple] had grown, it was bound to culminate as it did." The court affirmed the denial of a divorce to the Harmons but granted temporary custody of the daughter to the mother, reasoning that "except for defendant's temporary infatuation for her paramour, she was a good mother."
Other courts concurred with this assessment, gradually turning away from the double standard of moral fitness which viewed a mother's sexual misconduct as damning and a father's as forgivable. The leading family law treatise of the 1920s, Keezer on the Law of Marriage and Divorce, states the "new" rule: "Where the children are of tender years, other things being equal, the mother is preferred as their custodian, and this more especially in the case of female children, and this though she may have been guilty of delinquencies in the past but there is no evidence that she was delinquent at the time of determining the matter by the court." In Crab-tree v. Crabtree (1922) the court even overlooked the fact that Mrs. Crabtree had almost murdered Mr. Crabtree, cutting his throat with a razor blade, slicing through his fingers and stabbing him in the back. The court explained: "It does not follow that because the wife tried to kill him in a fit of anger, she did not have any parental affection for the children. On the contrary the record discloses that she loved them and was properly caring for them."
By the last third of the twentieth century, law relating to child custody had permeated the casual conversation of everyday life; indeed, few households were untouched by a custody matter. A child born in 1990 had about a 50 percent chance of falling under the jurisdiction of a court in a case involving where and with whom the child would live. The great majority of these child custody determinations were the products of an exploding divorce rate.
While the divorce rate soared, the rules governing child custody grew increasingly confused. "The simple fact of being a mother does not, by itself, indicate a capacity or willingness to render a quality of care different from that which the father can provide" a New York court stated in 1973, challenging nearly a century of a judicial presumption in favor of mothers. The court rejected the notion that mothers and their children shared a special bond, invoking the authority of social scientist MARGARET MEAD, who once wrote, "This is a mere and subtle form of anti-feminism which men–under the guise of exalting the importance of maternity–are tying women more tightly to their children than has been thought necessary since the invention of bottle feeding and baby carriages."
Not all courts were as outspoken in reducing the importance of mothers or in suggesting that maternal presumption is a male conspiracy. Nevertheless, the presumption that the interest of a child of tender years is best served in the custody of the mother was legally abolished or demoted to a "factor to be considered" in nearly all states between 1960 and 2000.
With the old rules gone, state legislators and judges have turned to social science to develop new guidelines to aid judges in making this most difficult decision. Two popular psychological theories are enlisted to support two opposing models of custody. The first model assumes that one parent should take primary responsibility of the child's care, but that parent need not be the mother. This model embraces sole custody (with visitation) and a primary caretaker preference. The second model stresses the importance of both parents in the child's development and promotes some form of joint or shared custody. Neither model gives any preference to mothers and neither model considers the age or developmental stage of the child, as was the case in the tender years doctrine.
Evidence to support this subjective criterion can be obtained only outside the courtroom by lay eyewitness testimony, or by the evaluation of the parties by mental health professionals. Thus, experts are increasingly utilized in child custody cases and are engaged in every step of the proceeding; parents can jointly seek the services of a mental health consultant to aid them with private mediation, or one party, often on the advice of his or her attorney, can employ the consultant with a view to settlement or potentially, trial testimony. Increasingly, the court itself, or the guardian ad litem (an attorney, or sometimes a layman or a psychiatrist, appointed by the court to represent the child), requests a psychological evaluation. These evaluations, usually performed by court social workers or by psychologists, provide a wide range of information about the parents and children, including social and economic data, but especially focus on psychodynamic factors.
While mental health experts are prominent in pretrial procedures, where most disputes are settled, their presence has also increased dramatically in those cases that find their way to trial. Between 1960 and 2000, the pattern of expert utilization at trial changed dramatically; the number of experts soared and these experts were more likely to be appointed by the court rather than by the parents. In addition, the nature of expert testimony shifted from an evaluation of the sanity of the parent (usually mother) to observations regarding the relationship between parent and child, and in a substantial number of cases these experts testified regarding alleged sexual or physical abuse.
Outside the courtroom, a battle rages among the social and behavioral scientists on what effect divorce has on children. This question has serious implications for a nation considering whether or not to actively promote marriage and discourage divorce. The scientists, however, have reached no consensus. Some studies indicate that divorce has lifelong negative consequences for most children. Others insist that most children fare well and that those negatively affected most often recover completely.
At the start of the twenty-first century, a few observations can be made with some certainty: the proper role of the social and behavioral sciences in custody matters is still a subject of controversy but their continuing influence is an established fact. Finally, it can also be said that what constitutes the "best interests of the child" is a matter of continuing dispute.
See also: Beyond the Best Interests of the Child; Law, Children and the.
Anthony, Susan B., and Ida Hustead Harper, eds. 1902. "Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention of 1848, Declaration of Rights and Sentiments." In The History of Women's Suffrage, vol.1. Rochester, NY.
Grossberg, Michael. 1985. Governing the Hearth: Law and Family in Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Heatherington, E. Mavis, and John Kelly. 2002. For Better or For Worse. New York: W.W. Norton.
Mason, Mary Ann. 1994. From Father's Property to Children's Rights: The History of Child Custody in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mason, Mary Ann. 1999. The Custody Wars: Why Children Are Losing the Legal Battles and What We Can Do About It. New York: Basic Books.
Mead, Margaret. 1954. "Some Theoretical Considerations of the Problems of Mother-Child Separation." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 24. In State ex rel. Watts v. Watts, 350 N.Y.S.2d. 285 (1973).
Morland, John W., ed. 1946. Keezer on the Law of Marriage and Divorce, 3rd edition. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
O'Neill, William. 1967. Divorce in the Progressive Era. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Wallerstein, Judith S. 1980. Surviving the Breakup. New York: Basic Books.
Wallerstein, Judith S. 1989. Second Chances. New York: Ticknor and Fields.


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Money Politics U.S. WND News CenterWND
Look who emerges as voice for conservative reform in House drama
'Stop the swamp from running over the average American every single day'
By Peter LaBarbera
Published January 4, 2023 at 8:53pm
(Photo by Joe Kovacs)
Whether or not Rep. Kevin McCarthy gets the votes for House Speaker, the renegade conservatives fighting to unseat him have succeeded in exposing the corrupt legislative process and weak leadership that produced another massive spending bill loaded with liberal, special-interest projects like $3 million in taxpayer money for an "LGBTQ Museum."
One House conservative who has emerged as an articulate spokesman for the "not business as usual" Republicans is U.S. Rep. Chip Roy, who represents a stretch of Texas ranging from Austin to San Antonio. A former chief of staff to Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, Roy is now a formidable force on his own speaking out on behalf of grassroots conservatives against the D.C. "swamp."
No congressman has been more forceful in decrying the $1.7 trillion omnibus spending bill, recently signed into law by President Biden, that won passage with the help of 18 GOP senators and nine House members, and explaining how it happened.
On the House floor [see video below] and in media interviews, Roy has exposed how legislators are given bloated bills resulting from negotiations between advocates for defense spending and legislative liberals as a fait accompli with no opportunity to debate the final bill nor offer amendments. He demands an end to this process:
"The American people are looking at this body and asking how we can pass $1.7 trillion bills that are unpaid for."
"I want the tools or I want the leadership to stop the swamp from running over the average American every single day"
"I don't want any more empty promises" pic.twitter.com/bUhSnq9B62
— Rep. Chip Roy Press Office (@RepChipRoy) January 3, 2023
On Dec. 23, Roy sounded off against the omnibus bill that became "bipartisan" thanks to the support of longtime "conservative" senators like Tom Cotton [see full list of GOP senators here]:
"Today, the United States Senate, the Senate supposedly the 'upper chamber,' the House of Lords in the United States, if you will,…is in the process of sending us after voting for it, a 4,155-page bill unveiled yesterday morning at 1:30 am that will cost 1.7 trillion dollars. This bill will increase spending: 118 billion dollars."
Do you agree with Chip Roy on this issue?
"This bill has 45 billion dollars for the country of Ukraine, 21 percent over President Biden's request, by the way. Forty billion dollars for disaster relief. Fifteen billion dollars for 7,234 earmarks with the senior senator of Alabama, Richard Shelby [a Republican] walking out of the Senate with his legacy of 670 million dollars."
"I could go on and on and on for all of the things that are put in here divvying us up by race, divvying us up by gender ideology, all of those earmarks just flooding out with money we don't have. But that's not even the worst of it. That's not even the actual irresponsibility of this body. That's just pork, spending that this body is used to doing to the tune of 15, 16 billion dollars. The real problem is that we are funding a whole alphabet soup of federal agencies that are demonstrably not doing their job, but more importantly are demonstrably targeting the American people."
A week later, as Roy was on the floor of the House filled with legislators nominating rising conservative star Rep. Byron Donalds, R-Fla., as a competitor to McCarthy for Speaker, he bemoaned the lack of a meaningful floor debate on the gargantuan spending bill, and impossibility to alter it with amendments.
"We should be in here having this kind of a conversation, with this many people in the room, about Ukraine, and we should debate the merits" of the $45 billion dollars allotted in the spending bill as aid to Ukraine, he said.
"The only way you're going to get that is if you change the rules and have the leadership to advance the rules to make sure that we can do that," he said.
Noting that some progress toward that goal has been achieved in two months of negotiations between conservatives and McCarthy, he said, "But we're not there. We're not at the place where we need to be to guarantee … that we're going to be able to stand up in the face of the swamp that continues to step over the American people on a daily basis, and spend money we don't have, and to continue to leave our borders open, and to continue to fund bureaucrats we are stepping over the freedoms of the American people."
Roy bristles at the idea that the conservatives challenging McCarthy are doing so for "selfish" reasons, as asserted by freshman Rep. Michael Lawler, R-N.Y., in an interview with Fox News. In fact, Roy told conservative talker Glenn Beck Tuesday, the personal attacks against conservatives by McCarthy's allies emboldened and grew the opposition against him
"This is not personal. It's not. This is about the future of this country," he said in nominating Rep. Jim Jordan (an ally and fellow House conservative, but one who is not challenging McCarthy) for Speaker.
EDITOR'S NOTE: The "Climate Change Cult." The "Anti-Racism Cult." The "Cult of Wokeness." The "LGBTQ Cult" and its predatory offspring targeting America's children, the "Transgender Cult." The "Cult of Abortion." The "COVID Cult." The "Cult of Globalism." "TikTok Cults." Every month the list grows.
To right-thinking Americans attempting to make sense of a nation seemingly gone mad, it's becoming increasingly clear that the irrational, deranged – and often demonic – leftwing political and cultural movements currently capturing the minds of millions of Americans are nothing short of full-fledged cults.
Although the high priesthood of all these leftwing religious cults – i.e., university professors, academics and other Marxist ideologues and activists – may be true believers, the people actually wielding REAL POWER do not believe any of it. To them, these leftwing cults conveniently serve to disguise and distract "the rabble" from what the leader class is REALLY up to, which is the pursuit of ever more power, wealth and glory for themselves, and a total transformation of America and the world.
All of this and much more is explored in a powerful, insightful and absolutely unique way in the latest issue of WND's acclaimed monthly Whistleblower magazine, titled "HOLY WAR: Defeating the growing cult of leftism and its total war on Christianity."
Peter LaBarbera
Peter LaBarbera is a former reporter for the Washington Times and LifeSiteNews.com, and a former contributing editor for Human Events. He is the founder of AmericansForTruth.org, which exposes LGBT extremism. His reporting was instrumental in passage of a federal law barring U.S. taxpayer funding of any international group with pedophile ties. A former editor for Family Research Council and Accuracy in Media, he and his wife of 34 years are the proud parents of five children.
Peter LaBarbera is a former reporter for The Washington Times and LifeSiteNews.com, and a former contributing editor for Human Events. He is the founder of AmericansForTruth.org, which exposes LGBTQ extremism. His reporting was instrumental in passage of a federal law barring U.S. taxpayer funding of any international group with pedophile ties. A former editor for Family Research Council and Accuracy in Media, he and his wife of 34 years are the proud parents of five children.
Hollywood titan: Movie industry 'finished,' 'never coming back'
Trump on kids' transgender surgeries: 'Under my leadership this madness will end'
Massive meta-study on mask wearing delivers kill shot to COVID narrative
Big Tech goes full Big Brother to bury explosive video exposing Pfizer


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St. John's prepares to celebrate historical presidential investiture
Last ceremony was in 1989; Conrado 'Bobby' Gempesaw will officially take office on Friday
Olivia Cunningham, Managing Editor|October 23, 2014
Fr. Harrington delivers the homily during the Mass at his investiture in 1989. Photo: University Archives
St. John's University will celebrate the investiture of Dr. Conrado "Bobby" Gempesaw as its newest president on Friday, Oct. 24, with a Mass in Taffner Field House, an academic ceremony in Carnesecca Arena and an evening reception.
"The St. John's community looks forward to this significant event in the University's history," Peter D'Angelo, chair of the University Board of Trustees, said in an emailed invitation.
Gempesaw, who officially took office on July 1, is the 17th president of the University and the first who is not a priest. Previously, he was provost and executive vice president at Miami University of Ohio.
What is the investiture?
The investiture is significant because it represents Dr. Gempesaw's assumption of the formal powers of the office of the president, according to University representatives. While his presidency began in July, on Friday he will be officially installed and announced as the new president.
"It's the ceremonial mark of the start of his tenure," said a University representative.
St. John's University has not hosted a formal investiture in 25 years, since that of the Rev. Donald Harrington in 1989. One-year interim president the Rev. Joseph Levesque, who is expected to attend Friday's ceremony, incorporated the investiture ritual into 2013's Vincentian Convocation.
Around a thousand people were expected to attend the three events, as of Oct. 17.
What will happen on Friday?
The day will begin with seating for the Mass in the arena at 12 p.m., and the service will begin at 1 p.m. At 2:30 p.m., guests will be seated for the 3:30 investiture ceremony. The reception will take place directly after the ceremony, around 5:30 p.m., and there will be a hospitality area in Marillac Terrace between the Mass and the ceremony.
The ceremony will begin with a processional led by grand marshal Jack Clarke, Tobin College of Business, a faculty member chosen by the provost for extraordinary service to the university. Following Clarke will be deans, students, alumni and faculty members representing each college based on its size; the President's Society, an elite group of seniors chosen each year to serve the Office of the President; and approximately 40 representatives from other universities.
The ceremony will include musical performances from students, the presentation of the colors and national anthem by St. John's ROTC students, the reading of the investiture text used for every president of the University, and the singing of the alma mater.
President Gempesaw will also address the attendees.
Who will be attending?
Bishop of Brooklyn Nicholas DiMarzio will be the principal celebrant and homilist at the Mass.
Provost Robert Mangione will be the master of ceremonies. The invocation will be given by Executive Vice President for Mission Rev. Bernard Tracy, and the benediction will be given by Levesque.
The faculty, students and alumni of St. John's will each be represented by a speaker at the ceremony, as will the academic and religious communities.
Notable guest speakers include the presidents of Adamson and DePaul universities, Provincial of the Vincentian Community and St. John's trustee Rev. Michael J. Carroll, and Archbishop Bernardito Auza, the papal nuncio to the United Nations.
Dr. Gempesaw has already received letters of congratulation from figures including other university presidents and Cardinal Timothy Dolan, which will be on display during the reception.
The investiture will be heavily symbolic. Gempesaw will wear the St. John's presidential academic regalia, a "distinctive red robe," according to a press release. The president will also wear a doctoral cap and hood representative of his alma mater, The Pennsylvania State University, which will be switched to St. John's garb during the ceremony, a University representative said.
After the investiture text is read by D'Angelo and the president dons the St. John's regalia, he will be presented with the St. John's presidential medallion, which is decorated with the University crest and is symbolic of the authority held by the president. It is worn at formal academic functions, such as commencement.
Another symbol is the University mace, a 39-inch, 5-pound club representing the "power of higher learning," according to the Office of the President. The mace was created in the early 1960s and will be carried in the procession. The mace is decorated with symbols based on the iconography of the University's patron saint, John the Baptist, including the University crest, University seal and the Seal of the Congregation of the Mission.
All members of the University community are invited to attend the events, which will also be broadcast live on the University website at stjohns.edu. Those who wish to attend should respond by this evening, Oct, 22, online or by calling extension 3118.
Dr. Gempesaw
Fr. Harrington
New President
Presidential Investiture
President Shanley's "Strategic Plan" for the University's Future
Empowering Empathetic Behavior Within College Students
News Update: Up Next at St. John's University
COVID-19 Update: 17 students withdrawn for no vaccination, no masks for socially distant faculty
Students Dropped from In-Person Courses if Compliance is not Met
Breaking: 10 Positive Cases on campus, 96% of students have at least one dose of COVID-19
Twenty years of remembrance: How St. John's is Honoring 9/11
Home Scroll
Hurricane Ida Storms through St. John's
What's New on Campus
SGi Plans and Initiatives for the Fall


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Discuss the latest email marketing news. This is the place to talk about the latest trends and topis.
Yes. You can always ask your very close friends to spread the word. The fact is that if they work in a way similar to how a lot of network marketing schemes work, you'd be able to get the word out really quickly.
How much effective an email campaign becomes is entirely depended on the loyalty of subscribers. Some subscribers are just a number, they never open the email, some subscribers open the email but check the content occasionally, and only few subscribers regularly click the links.
I kind of prefer going through the route of -not- having links in most of my emails and letting people always have a steady feed of free stuff coming to their email. My current plan is to unlist the YT videos and give it to my list a few days ahead of time, never really pitching until they're a bit more comfortable with clicking my links.
I like that sort of an approach too. I think plugging in every 10 or so messages is a better way to do things because people don't feel you're being too pushy with those messages. Plus, it helps build trust.
I can't believe how many awesome guys just fell off my radar after they started sending me 5 mails a day all trying to sell the same thing. I'm all for selling hard, but that was too much.
Anyways, this is also something that I saw online on an Eben pagan webinar. He recommended sending a plug every 5-10 emails. Then I found this Ramit Sethi thing too, where he did the same thing. So, I guess its something that is considered better and since these guys obviously have had more success then me, I would like to follow what they said, although not blindly.
We are a dedicated group of email gurus, advocates, nerds, hobbyists that enjoy building the email marketing community.


Welcome to Residence at Riverwatch Apartments!
At Residence, our one, two, and three bedroom apartments are tailored to your highest standards. From breathtaking views, to gourmet kitchens, and spa inspired bathrooms, no detail has been overlooked. This community will also feature resort-style amenities that will allow you to relax, unwind, and enjoy your lifestyle. Located on the Riverwatch Parkway, conveniently located to shopping, dining and entertainment, which gives you the perfect opportunity to explore and enjoy all that Augusta has to offer!
With direct canal access, trails, walkability to shopping, dining and entertainment as well as being only minutes away from downtown, the new Residence at Riverwatch Apartment Community— a partnership project from Intermark Management Corporation and Connelly Development—is one more sign of Augusta's exciting economic boom. Featuring 260 apartment units comprised of 1, 2 and 3 bedrooms in seven elegantly designed buildings, the amenities at Riverwatch read like a luxury getaway; resort style pool with Sunshelf and lap lane, pool house with billiards, floating dock on the Augusta Canal, a Bark Park for dog lovers, and a bistro style cyber café complete with iMac computers. Residence at Riverwatch will also offer something not typically seen in residential rental developments in this market—elevators.
We're extremely proud to offer what we feel is a best in class residential development here in the Augusta market," said Mark Stuckey, President of Intermark Management Corporation, one of the developers of Riverwatch. "With Forbes recently naming Augusta as one of the Best Places for Business and Careers—particularly in the technology sector—we are keenly aware of the tremendous growth in this area. Because of that, we wanted to create a unique, inviting and truly luxurious community that will make our residents feel at home in Augusta.
© 2019 Residence at Riverwatch. All Rights Reserved.


Bright, colourful and perfect for the British climate. Keep cheerful under those greys skies when you are beneath this ladybird brolly.
Two little ladybugs sitting on a leaf amidst a sea of colourful raindrops. Bright fun for those wet days. Easy to use for little hands.


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I am very impressed by its speed and smoother graphics. Its one of the best selling operating system of Microsoft. Its a much improved in term of speed than Windows Vista.
When you install it on your desktop or laptop, you will get very faster speed. But over the time, your laptop/PC gets slower. Do you know, why it becomes slow. Its not the problem of Windows 7. Its the common problem of all Operating Systems.
So In this post, i will tell you How To Speed Up Window 7 Easily? If you are also facing, this problem of slow windows 7, than you must read this article.
So its the time to follow below points and speed up your Windows 7 Computer.


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mlb Game Recap< BACK
New York Drops Baltimore 3-1 - Match Report
Baltimore dropped a 3-1 decision at Yankee Stadium on Sunday as New York legged out a win behind winning pitcher Zack Britton.
New York was favored by -164 and came through for bettors backing them. The game went UNDER the consensus closing total of 9.5.
Zack Britton earned the victory for the Yankees, throwing 1 innings of work, striking out 0, walking 0, and allowing 0 hits and 0 earned runs. That effort was supported by 2 RBIs from Gleyber Torres in the win.
Baltimore got a 0.1-inning outing from Tanner Scott in the loss. He gave up 0 earned runs, 0 walks and 1 hits in his time on the mound, while Renato Nunez had 2 hits in the loss for the Orioles.
New York enjoyed an edge at the plate with a 8-6 advantage in hits.
Aroldis Chapman pitched the final 1 innings for the save. He struck out 2 and allowed 0 hits in his outing.
Next game, New York takes its act home to face Toronto looking for another win. For Baltimore, they head home to face Atlanta.


text:
Digital Marketing Campaigns
We build the tools and adapt them to your business, so you can focus on the content.
Content in a CMS is typically stored in a database and displayed in a presentation layer based on a set of templates.
One major advantage of a CMS is its collaborative nature. Multiple users can log on and contribute, schedule or edit content to be published. Because the interface is usually browser-based, a CMS can be accessed from anywhere by any number of users.
The second major advantage of a CMS is that it allows non-technical people who don't know programming languages to easily create and manage their own web content. The WYSIWYG editors of a typical content management platform allows users to enter text and upload images without needing to know any HTML or CSS.
When a company uses a CMS to publish its pages, it reduces its reliance on front-end engineers to make changes to the website, making it quicker and easier to publish new content.
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As part of the environmental revolution that began in recent years, our awareness of recycling and green consumption has increased, whether it is products that are made from natural materials that can be recycled or distributed to different bins to facilitate recycling. Eggshell is one of the most common waste materials that is being dumped every day around the world. Whether coming from private homes, restaurants or the food industry. Therefore, I decided to explore and to transform it into an industrial material that can be used for various purposes and replace other non-recyclable materials.
I began to study the material physically and found that it was possible to reach many textures, smooth or grainy. The main challenge with this kind of material was, first of all, to understand the material, feel it, learn it, and mainly remember that it's not plastic. The material appeared to be more durable when combined with other material. I searched for the right binder, which also 100% biodegradable and that does not detract from the qualities of the materials I already have, which are honey, flour, starch, etc. The binder I chose is Kaolinite which is kind of a clay.
After the study of the material itself, the design process began, in which I tried to think how it would best reflect the qualities of the material, which led me to think of the simple plastic pots that we buy at the supermarket and last between two weeks and a month at best. A short life product made of plastic in a better environment material that will make its recycling much easier and more logical, and I see how in the not too distant future the eggshells will be separated from the rest of the trash and will enable the rapid production of this material. I have come to surfaces that resemble the terrazzo style and this has enabled me to reach interesting and colorful surfaces and create a wide range of possibilities and inspired me to continue.
In my opinion, turning this material into an industrial process, using more useful tools and machines has a great potential to be used in everyday products in the future.
I believe it's important to spread the knowledge and development of biodegradable based material to raise awareness among industrial designers to work with such materials for benefit of our planet.


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Heliogabalus
(E LAGABAL )
The name adopted by Varius Avitus Bassianus, Roman emperor (218-222), born of a Syrian family and a grandnephew of Julia Domna, the consort of Emperor Septimus Severus. When Emperor Caracalla had fallen a victim to a conspiracy of his officers at Carrhæ in 217, the prætorian prefect, M. Opellius Macrinus, seized the reins of power. Empress Julia Domna committed suicide ; her sister, Julia Mæsa, was exiled to Emesa with her daughters and her eldest grandchild, Avitus Bassianus. The latter was appointed priest of the sun-god Elagabal, whose name he adopted. A report was then spread among the soldiers in Syria, that Elagabalus was a son of Caracalla, and by appointment the fifteen-year-old youth betook himself to the Roman camp in 218, and allowed himself to be elected emperor on 16 May by the soldiers. He received the official name of M. Aurelius Antoninus in recognition of the general desire to pay a tribute to the memory of the glorious Antonine. A rising in favour of Macrinus failed, as well as his attempt to win over the soldiers and the inhabitants of Rome by bribery. An important battle fought on the borders of Syria and Phœnicia to the east of Antioch, was decided in favour of Heliogabalus; the troops of Macrinus, bribed by money and promises, joined the army of his opponent, while Macrinus himself was put to death during the flight. Heliogabalus lived in Rome as an oriental despot and, giving himself up to detestable sensual pleasures, degraded the imperial office to the lowest point by most shameful vices, which had their origin in certain rites of oriental naturalistic religion. His mother Soæmias and his grandmother Julia Mæsa, who also took part in the sessions of the Senate, exercised a controlling influence over Heliogabalus. A conical, black, meteoric stone from Emesa served as the idol of the sun-god, which Heliogabalus married to the Syrian moon-goddess Astarte, introduced from Carthage, and whose high-priest became pontifex maximus of Rome. This led to the greatest religious confusion and disintegration among the pagans in the city, the Christians affording a marked contrast in the manner in which they maintained the integrity of their faith. Influenced by his grandmother, the emperor adopted his so far uncorrupted twelve-year-old cousin Aurelius Alexander, and assigned him the title of Cæsar. The repeated attempts of Heliogabalus to encompass his cousin's death were always frustrated by the soldiers. In a mutiny in favour of Alexander (11 March, 222) Heliogabalus was murdered, together with his mother.
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Swoop over the largest waterfall in the world, Victoria Falls, when you take a microlight flight over the UNESCO World Heritage Site. One of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, this thundering waterfall is also where you might photograph a moonbow or night rainbow if you're incredibly lucky. Zambia remains one of the most unspoilt safari destinations in the world, which translates to good news for all of us wildlife lovers!
At the birthplace of walking safaris, get up close to elephants, buffaloes and over 400 bird species. Then, embark on game drives near the Zambezi River, Africa's fourth-longest river, in search of lions and leopards. Water expeditions are also a must-do in Zambia; go on a canoe safari and attempt to spot hippos and Nile crocodiles, take a relaxing sunset cruise or challenge yourself with white-water rafting and jet boating. You'll also get to interact with friendly locals on village visits to learn more about their daily lives and visit Livingstone, the country's most established European settlement, for a peek into high society.
Discover the best ways to appreciate one of Africa's most famous icons, Victoria Falls.
These uber-cool activities will literally offer a different perspective during your holiday -- and earn you bragging rights!
There are more stunning displays of nature than the celebrated aurora borealis. Quotient helps you see the light!


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Jacinda Ardern offers to share virus expertise with Joe Biden
Jacinda Ardern talks with US president-elect Joe Biden (New Zealand prime minister's Office/ AP)
New Zealand's prime minister Jacinda Ardern became the latest world leader to congratulate US president-elect Joe Biden on his election victory, saying she had offered to share her nation's expertise on dealing with the coronavirus.
Ms Ardern said the tone of the 20-minute phone call was warm and that Mr Biden spoke very favourably about how New Zealand was handling the pandemic.
She said: "What has been really at the centre of our response has been some fundamentals around testing, contact tracing, isolation.
"That's over and above what we've done at our borders."
Anyone who wants a COVID-19 test should be able to get one. Period.
— Joe Biden (@JoeBiden) November 21, 2020
New Zealand has been largely successful in eliminating the virus after imposing a strict lockdown in March and closing its borders. Only 25 people in the nation of five million have died from Covid-19.
Ms Ardern said Mr Biden wanted to pursue the discussion on New Zealand's response further. But she cautioned that the nation's model may not be able to be replicated everywhere.
"While New Zealand has a number of natural advantages that have assisted us in managing the virus, I do absolutely believe that international cooperation continues to be key to getting the virus under control," Ms Ardern said.
"We are happy to work with any country to share our knowledge and data if its helpful."
Ms Ardern said she and Mr Biden also discussed trade issues and climate change, and talked about the president-elect's Irish heritage and his fond memories of visiting New Zealand a few years ago. She said she had invited him to visit again.
In a statement, Mr Biden hailed Ms Ardern's "extraordinary leadership" following a 2019 mass shooting at two Christchurch mosques, and praised her as a working mother and role model.


Joanne is the main antagonist in the episode "Van, Go" of the American sitcom The King Of Queens. She was played by Rebecca Corry.
Doug and Deacon head to a restaurant called Slappy's to eat. Doug notices a plate of fried chicken that he ordered sitting on a counter. Joanne, the waitress that took his order, is taking other orders, but Doug grows increasingly impatient, and eventually walks up to get the plate himself. Joanne comes over and tells him that she would get to him, and she then brings his chicken to the table, telling him that next time he should wait for her. As Joanne walks away, Doug mutters, "What a bee-yotch!" and he and Deacon laugh. She hears this and confronts Doug, who tries to deny it by claiming that Deacon "had a bee on his watch", the latter also claiming that he's allergic to bees. Joanne asks if Doug wants to fight, to which he declines, and she walks away.
Afterwards, Doug is snorkeling out of his empty glass with a straw. Deacon teases him, claiming that he's scared of Joanne, but the latter says he doesn't want to fight a woman. The restaurant's manager comes over, asking the pair about their refills. Doug tells him that Joanne was on the phone, which is a big problem at Slappy's, so he walks over to Joanne and proceeds to fuss at her. She then comes over and calmly tells the duo that their order is on the house, however, she threatens Doug, saying that she'll be waiting outside for him.
Later, Doug is eating remnants of a chicken bone, while Joanne walks around outside of the restaurant, waiting for Doug to come out. Deacon wants to leave so he can pick up his kids, but Doug is nervous, so the former tries to motivate him to fight her. They converse, as Joanne eerily stares at Doug through the window, which soon makes Deacon nervous. The restaurant is nearly empty, and Joanne continues to walk around outside. Deacon wishes Doug luck, and walks out to start the SUV. Doug then confronts Joanne, but Deacon honks the horn, prompting him to run, boarding the SUV and hanging onto it's racks. Doug taunts Joanne as Deacon drives off, but he eventually comes to a stop because of a loading truck. Joanne approaches Doug, taking her jacket off. The outcome of this situation is unknown; Doug may have gotten inside of the SUV, or Joanne may have beaten up him offscreen.


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Why Do I Love You? 35th in 1927
From the musical Show Boat.
UNIVERSAL POLYGRAM INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING INC
Why Do I Love You? written by Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern English
Why Do I Love You? Norma Terris, Howard Marsh, Charles Winninger, Edna May Oliver First live performance on December 27, 1927
Why Do I Love You? Al Goodman and His Orchestra with Earl Wrightson and Mary Martha Briney August 1946
Why Do I Love You Helen Carr 1956
Why Do I Love You? Connie Haines 1957
Why Do I Love You? Al Martino 1959
Why Do I Love You The Buffalo Bills 1960
Why Do I Love You? Margaret Whiting 1960
Why Do I Love You Earl Wrightson, Lois Hunt with Percy Faith and His Orchestra 1960
Why Do I Love You? Blue Mitchell 1962
Why Do I Love You? Barbara Cook, John Raitt 1962
Why Do I Love You Harry Secombe/Moira Anderson 1981
Why Do I Love You? Barbara Carroll 1996
Why Do I Love You? Daryl Sherman Featuring Arrangements by Dan Barrett 1996
Why Do I Love You? Miles Davis 1998 Unverified
Why Do I Love You? Lora Knight October 2002
Why Do I Love You? Judi Silvano September 16, 2004
Why Do I Love You? Christiane Noll & Doug LaBrecque 2008
Why Do I Love You? Rebecca Kilgore 2010
Why Do I Love You? written by Jerome Kern instrumental
Why Do I Love You Al Goodman and His Orchestra November 1940
Why Do I Love You Stanley Black and His Orchestra 1951
Why Do I Love You Francis Scott and His Orchestra 1952
Why Do I Love You The Melachrino Orchestra 1954
Why Do I Love You? The Lou Stein Trio 1955
Why Do I Love You? The Herbie Mann-Sam Most Quintet 1956
Why Do I Love You? Ray Anthony and His Orchestra September 1957
Why Do I Love You? Les Elgart 1957
Why Do I Love You? Victor Silvester and His Silver Strings 1957
Why Do I Love You? Kenny Drew Quartet 1957
Why Do I Love You? Kenny Drew 1957
Why Do I Love You Paul Smith [US] 1958
Ridin' High / Rosalie / Why Do I Love Y… The Continuous Society Music of Howard Lanin and His Orchestra 1958
Why Do I Love You? André Previn 1959
Why Do I Love You Edmundo Ros and His Orchestra 1960
Why Do I Love You Frank Chacksfield and His Orchestra 1960
Why Do I Love You? Roelof Stalknecht 1960
Why Do I Love You? Kenny Dorham Quintet January 1961
Why Do I Love You? Harry Arnold and His Swedish Radio Studio Orchestra 1961
Why Do I Love You? Dodo Marmarosa 1962
Why Do I Love You? Lucky Thompson 1963
Why Do I Love You? Yusef Lateef 1965
Why Do I Love You Yehudi Menuhin and Stéphane Grappelli 1975
Why Do I Love You? Earl Hines 1975
Themas de la comedia musical "Showboat"… Enrique Villegas 1977
Why Do I Love You? Keith Ingham 1977
Why Do I Love You? Machito and His Afro-Cuban Salseros 1978
Why Do I Love You Bob Wilber and the Phontastic Swing Band 1979
Why Do I Love You? The Loren Schoenberg Quartet 1991
Why Do I Love You? Jessica Williams 1992
Why Do I Love You New York Swing 1995
Why Do I Love You? Mark Elf, Hank Jones, Jimmy Heath, Ray Drummond, Ben Riley 1996
Why Do I Love You Mike Longo February 24, 1998
Why Do I Love You Anthony Braxton Quartet May 28, 2002
Why Do I Love You? Ken Peplowski Quartet September 3, 2002
Broadway Medley: They Say It's Wonderfu… Jubilee Jazz Orchestra 2004
Why Do I Love You? Jeff Hackworth 2007
Why Do I Love You? Tõnu Naissoo Trio 2010
Why Do I Love You? Joe Alterman 2012


text:
We need to hold and hug our children the way our ancestors did – startling new study reveals why.
Dr Nan Jolly, medical doctor, International Board Certified Lactation consultant, La Leche League leader and tireless breastfeeding and parenting educator, sent me this interesting study released by Science Daily recently.
Nutshelled, it reveals clear evidence that the child-rearing practices of our distance ancestors fostered morality and compassion in their kids.
What did they do right?
ScienceDaily (Sep. 22, 2010) — Ever meet a kindergartener who seemed naturally compassionate and cared about others' feelings? Who was cooperative and didn't demand his own way? Chances are, his parents held, carried and cuddled him a lot; he most likely was breastfed; he probably routinely slept with his parents; and he likely was encouraged to play outdoors with other children, according to new research findings from the University of Notre Dame.
Three new studies led by Notre Dame Psychology Professor Darcia Narvaez show a relationship between child rearing practices common in foraging hunter-gatherer societies (how we humans have spent about 99 percent of our history) and better mental health, greater empathy and conscience development, and higher intelligence in children.
"Our research shows that the roots of moral functioning form early in life, in infancy, and depend on the affective quality of family and community support," says Narvaez, who specializes in the moral and character development of children.
The three studies include an observational study of the practices of parents of three-year-olds, a longitudinal study of how certain child rearing practices relate to child outcomes in a national child abuse prevention project, and a comparison study of parenting practices between mothers in the U.S. and China. The longitudinal study examined data from the research of another Notre Dame psychologist, John Borkowski, who specializes in the impact of child abuse and neglect on development.
The results of Narvaez' three studies as well as those from researchers around the world will be presented at a conference at Notre Dame in October titled "Human Nature and Early Experience: Addressing the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness."
"The way we raise our children today in this country is increasingly depriving them of the practices that lead to well being and a moral sense," she says.
Narvaez identifies six characteristics of child rearing that were common to our distant ancestors:
Lots of positive touch — as in no spanking — but nearly constant carrying, cuddling and holding;
Prompt response to baby's fusses and cries. You can't "spoil" a baby. This means meeting a child's needs before they get upset and the brain is flooded with toxic chemicals. "Warm, responsive caregiving like this keeps the infant's brain calm in the years it is forming its personality and response to the world," Narvaez says.
Breastfeeding, ideally 2 to 5 years. A child's immune system isn't fully formed until age 6 and breast milk provides its building blocks.
Multiple adult caregivers — people beyond mom and dad who also love the child.
Free play with multi-age playmates. Studies show that kids who don't play enough are more likely to have ADHD and other mental health issues.
Natural childbirth, which provides mothers with the hormone boosts that give the energy to care for a newborn.
The U.S. has been on a downward trajectory on all of these care characteristics, according to Narvaez. Instead of being held, infants spend much more time in carriers, car seats and strollers than they did in the past. Only about 15 percent of mothers are breastfeeding at all by 12 months, extended families are broken up, and free play allowed by parents has decreased dramatically since 1970.
"Ill advised practices and beliefs have become commonplace, such as the use of infant formula, the isolation of infants in their own rooms, or the belief that responding too quickly to a fussing baby will 'spoil' it," Narvaez says.
Whether the corollary to these modern practices or the result of other forces, research shows the health and well being of American children is worse than it was 50 years ago: there's an epidemic of anxiety and depression among the young; aggressive behavior and delinquency rates in young children are rising; and empathy, the backbone of compassionate, moral behavior, has been shown to be decreasing among college students.
"All of these issues are of concern to me as a researcher of moral development," Narvaez says. "Kids who don't get the emotional nurturing they need in early life tend to be more self-centered. They don't have available the compassion-related emotions to the same degree as kids who were raised by warm, responsive families."
Source : www.sciencedaily.com
Related Tags: alternative parenting, attachment parenting, breastfeeding, child-rearing, co-sleeping, history of child-rearing, history of parenting, Nan Jolly, parenting, science, www.sciencedaily.com
Previous Topic: Aware parenting – a more gentle way to raise your child
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3 Comments for "We need to hold and hug our children the way our ancestors did – startling new study reveals why."
Omg! Love these costumes. You look SO gorgeous (your hair is so pretty!), and I love that Spiderman Costume. Gosh, the quality of these pictures is amazing!!! Great phgptoraohy!
Added: October 1st, 2010
Author: Beth
Category: News, PARENTING, Parenting Techniques, Whats up Worldwide


Kicking off today, Turning Point USA will host their annual "2018 Student Action Summit," commonly referred to as SAS2018, in West Palm Beach Florida for the second year in a row.
As of December 3rd, Candace Owens, the Communications Director at TPUSA stated in a tweet that the conference has received "6,000 applications and climbing for the biggest @TPUSA student summit— ever."
Admittedly, @jordanbpeterson looks a lot cooler than me in his headshot. I will do my best to one-up him on stage.
6,000 applications and climbing for the biggest @TPUSA student summit— ever. My favorite event of the year!
West Palm Beach... GET READY For THOUSANDS Of Young Conservatives & Some YUGE Name Speakers!
Turning Point's Student Action Summit begins Wednesday and continues through Saturday at the Palm Beach County Convention Center. The event expects to draw 5,000 student activists — making it one of the larger conventions hosted at the convention center.
The group, which also held its annual summit in West Palm Beach last year, draws some of the biggest names in the Trump administration and conservative news outlets. Speakers include Donald Trump Jr. and his girlfriend Kimberly Guilfoyle, Treasury Secretary Wilbur Ross, Fox News hosts Tucker Carlson and Laura Ingraham, film-maker Dinesh D'Souza, former White House press secretary Anthony Scaramucci and Governor-elect Ron DeSantis.
With excitement in the air, the highly anticipated conservative student conference will host speakers among the likes of Donald Trump Jr. and girlfriend Kimberly Guilfoyle, Anthony Scaramucci, and Tucker Carlson among others.
4,000+ Young Freedom-loving Patriots in one place?@charliekirk11 and @TPUSA are taking back America one school, and one college at a time!
Townhall's own Guy Benson and Katie Pavlich will also be in attendance to speak at the event later this week.
The organization has also advertised for its first annual "Winter Gala" which will feature Rush Limbaugh who is being awarded a "life-time achievement award" from the conservative youth organization. A ticket for the "Mar-a-Lago" dinner with Kirk among others will run you $2,500.
Yet, not all are happy with Turning Point USA as Gab.com, a new social media platform, has claimed that its sponsorship was pulled from the conference without an apparent reason.
UPDATE: A spokesperson for TPUSA, sent Townhall the following comment from TPUSA Founder, Charlie Kirk.
The spokesperson also noted that "thousands and thousands of students from all 50 states and 6 countries," will be in attendance at the conference.


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text:
Sant Ramon de Casa Ramonet era una capella particular, romànica, de Casa Ramonet, a la vila d'Alins, en el terme municipal del mateix nom, a la comarca del Pallars Sobirà.

Està situada en el centre de la població.

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs
 Sant Ramon de Casa Ramonet en el seu entorn, a l'Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya

Esglésies romàniques d'Alins

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