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Essere Animali
Status Comprehensive
Primary Work Area Industrial Agriculture
Secondary Work Area Capacity Building
Website Essere Animali
Review Published 2022
What does Essere Animali do, and are their programs promising ways to advocate for animals?
Essere Animali operates in Italy, where they work to improve the welfare standards of farmed animals (including farmed fishes) by investigating factory farms and using that footage to support legal actions and corporate campaigns. They run an individual outreach program and an institutional vegan outreach program to decrease animal product consumption and increase the availability of animal-free options. Additionally, they engage in media outreach and capacity-building initiatives that help strengthen the animal advocacy movement. Because most of Essere Animali's spending on programs goes toward animal groups, countries, outcomes, and interventions that we consider high priority, we assessed the expected effectiveness of Essere Animali's programs as high.
Taking into account their spending, are their programs cost effective?
After analyzing the achievements and costs of each of Essere Animali's programs, we assigned each one a cost-effectiveness rating. Of all of their programs, we believe their institutional and corporate vegan outreach (rated high to very high), legal or policy work, and corporate outreach (both rated high) programs are the most cost effective. In contrast, we believe their media outreach program (rated moderate) is less cost effective.
Overall, we assess the cost effectiveness of Essere Animali's work as moderate to high.
How much additional funding could they use?
We estimate that Essere Animali has room for $775,725 in additional funding in 2023 and $500,000 in 2024, beyond their current projected revenues for those years. Therefore, we believe that they could utilize a total revenue of up to $1,336,508 in 2023 and $1,486,798 in 2024.
Do we have concerns about their leadership and culture?
We did not detect any significant concerns with Essere Animali's leadership and organizational culture.
Why did they not receive our recommendation?
Some of the interventions used by Essere Animali (policy work and corporate outreach) are likely to be very effective in improving the welfare of farmed animals, including farmed fishes. Essere Animali's work on institutional and corporate vegan outreach is also likely to be very effective in increasing the availability of animal-free products. However, the five charities we recommended this year performed better on the Programs, Cost Effectiveness, and Room For More Funding criteria compared to Essere Animali. Therefore, based on our assessment of their performance on our four evaluation criteria—Programs, Cost Effectiveness, Room for More Funding, and Leadership and Culture—we recommended other charities ahead of Essere Animali.
Charities that ACE selects for comprehensive review all show evidence of running effective programs and engaging in highly impactful work. While Essere Animali did not receive a recommendation from us this year, we recognize that they are still among the most effective charities in their space, and we are delighted to highlight their work in this comprehensive review (shared with their permission).
Essere Animali was one of our Standout Charities from November 2020 to November 2022.
Read the Comprehensive Review
Room for More Funding
Leadership and Culture
Overall Recommendation
Each year, Animal Charity Evaluators (ACE) compiles comprehensive reviews of all organizations that agree to participate in our evaluation process. During our evaluation period, our research team thoroughly examines publicly available information and solicits additional materials and information from participating organizations.
This review is the finished product of our evaluation of Essere Animali, and it contains our assessment of their performance on ACE's four charity evaluation criteria. This review includes four sections that each focus on a separate criterion: (i) an assessment of the effectiveness of a charity's programs, (ii) a cost-effectiveness analysis of their recent work, (iii) an estimate of their ability to use additional funding effectively, and (iv) an evaluation of their leadership and culture.
In this criterion, we assess the expected effectiveness of charities' programs without considering their particular achievements. (For more information on recent program costs and achievements, see the Cost Effectiveness criterion.) During our assessment, we analyze the groups of animals the charity's programs affect, the countries in which they take place, the outcomes they work toward, and the interventions they use to achieve those outcomes, as well as how the charity allocates their spending toward different programs. A charity that performs well on this criterion has programs that are expected to be highly effective in reducing the suffering of animals. The key aspects that ACE considers when examining a charity's programs are reviewed in detail below.
ACE characterizes effective programs as those that (i) target high-priority animal groups, (ii) work in high-priority countries, (iii) work toward high-priority outcomes, and/or (iv) pursue interventions that are expected to be highly effective. This year, we used a scoring framework to assess the effectiveness of charities' programs on each of these categories: animal groups, countries, outcomes, and interventions.
We scored the priority levels of different types of animal groups, countries, outcomes, and interventions (i.e., categories) using the Scale, Tractability, and Neglectedness (STN) framework; for countries, we also included an assessment of global influence. Members of ACE's research team individually scored various types in each category using their own percentage weights for STN. We averaged these scores and percentage weights to calculate an overall priority level score for each type. For ease of interpretation, we categorized these scores into priority levels of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.
We then used information supplied by the charity to estimate the percentage of program funding spent on different types of animal groups, countries, outcomes, and interventions. Using those estimates and our priority level scores, we arrived at a singular program score for each charity, representing the expected effectiveness of their collective programs.
Prioritizing cause areas and animal groups
We use the STN framework to prioritize general cause areas and specific animal groups. By using this framework, we aim to prioritize programs targeting groups of animals that are affected in larger numbers,1 whose situation seems tractable, and who receive relatively little attention in animal advocacy. We consider farmed animal advocacy a high priority because of the large scale of animal suffering involved and its high tractability and neglectedness relative to other cause areas. Among farmed animals, we prioritize specific groups, such as farmed fishes and farmed chickens.2
Given the large number of wild animals (there are at least 100 times as many wild vertebrates as there are farmed vertebrates)3 and the small number of organizations working on their welfare, we argue that wild animal advocacy also has potential to be high impact despite its lower tractability.
For more details on how we currently prioritize animals, see this spreadsheet.
Prioritizing countries
The countries and regions in which a charity operates can affect their work. In the case of farmed animal organizations, we use the STN framework to prioritize the countries where organizations work. By using this framework, we aim to prioritize countries with relatively large animal agricultural industries, few other charities engaged in similar work, and in which animal advocacy is likely to be feasible and have a lasting impact. Additionally, we consider global influence as a fourth factor in prioritizing countries.
Our methodology for scoring countries uses Mercy For Animals' Farmed Animal Opportunity Index (FAOI) for scale, tractability, and global influence.4 However, ACE uses our own weightings for scale, tractability, and global influence, and we also consider neglectedness as a factor. To assess neglectedness, we compare our own data on the number of farmed animal organizations working in each country to the human population (in millions) of that country.
For more details on how we currently prioritize countries, see this spreadsheet.
Prioritizing outcomes
We categorize the work of animal advocacy charities by the outcomes they work toward. As we do with animal groups and countries, we use the STN framework to prioritize different outcomes. We also consider long-term impacts as an additional factor in our prioritization. As a result of using our framework, we give higher priority to organizations that work to improve welfare standards, increase the availability of animal-free products, or strengthen the animal advocacy movement. We give lower priority to charities that focus on decreasing the consumption of animal products, increasing the prevalence of anti-speciesist values, or providing direct help to animals.
Despite concerns that welfare improvements may lead people to feel better about—and not reduce—their consumption of animal products,5 there is evidence that raising welfare standards increases animal welfare for a large number of animals in the short term and may contribute to transforming markets in the long run.6 Increasing the availability of animal-free foods, e.g., by bringing new, affordable products to the market or providing more plant-based menu options, can provide a convenient opportunity for people to choose more plant-based options. Moreover, efforts to strengthen the animal advocacy movement, e.g., by improving organizational effectiveness and building alliances, can support all other outcomes indirectly and may be relatively neglected.
For more details on how we currently prioritize outcomes, see this spreadsheet.
Prioritizing interventions
We sent the selected charities a request for more in-depth information about their programs and the specific interventions they use. We categorize the interventions charities use into 16 types. In line with our commitment to following empirical evidence and logical reasoning, we use existing research to inform our assessments and explain our thinking about the effectiveness of different interventions. We compiled the research about the effectiveness of each intervention type using information from our research library and research briefs. Using the STN framework, we arrived at different priority levels for each intervention category based on the available research.
For more details on how we currently prioritize interventions, see this spreadsheet.
A note about long-term impact
Each charity's long-term impact is plausibly what matters most.7 The potential number of animals affected increases over time due to an accumulation of generations. Thus, we would expect that the long-term impacts of an action would likely affect more animals than the short-term impacts of the same action. This year, we included some considerations of long-term impact in our assessment of each outcome and intervention type. Nevertheless, we are highly uncertain about the particular long-term effects of each intervention. Because of this uncertainty, our reasoning about each charity's impact (along with our diagrams) will skew toward emphasizing short-term effects.
Information and Analysis
Cause areas and animal groups
Essere Animali's programs focus exclusively on helping farmed animals, which we think is a high-priority cause area.
Essere Animali's headquarters are currently located in Italy, and they have no subsidiaries in other countries.
Essere Animali mainly develops their programs in Italy, although some of their programs aim to influence the E.U. in general.
Country Scale Tractability Global influence Neglectedness
FAOI Scale data (0–100 range) FAOI Global Ranking (100% scale) FAOI Tractability data (36.7–84.9 range) FAOI Global Ranking (100% tractability) FAOI Global influence data (0.1–70.6 range) FAOI Global Ranking (100% global influence) Human population (in millions) per farmed animal advocacy org
Italy 2.5 20 70.1 26 12.7 14 ~1.7
For this country, we report Mercy For Animals' FAOI data and global ranking (out of 60 countries) for scale, tractability, and global influence. We report these scores alongside the human population per farmed animal advocacy organization (excluding sanctuaries) in the country, from a total of 753 organizations that ACE is aware of worldwide.
Italy is relatively moderate priority based on its FAOI data on tractability and global influence, relatively low priority based on its FAOI data on scale, and our assessment suggests that farmed animal advocacy is moderately neglected there relative to other countries. Overall, we conclude that most of Essere Animali's work targets a high-priority country.
Description of programs
Essere Animali pursues different outcomes to create change for animals. Their work focuses on improving welfare standards, and to a lesser extent, also aims to strengthen the animal advocacy movement, decrease the consumption of animal products, and increase the availability of animal-free products.
We use theory of change diagrams to communicate our interpretation of how a charity creates change for animals. It is important to note that these diagrams are not complete representations of real-world mechanisms of change. Rather, they are simplified models that ACE uses to represent our beliefs about mechanisms of change. For the sake of simplicity, some diagrams may not include relatively small or uncertain effects.
Below, we describe each of Essere Animali's programs and the main interventions they use, listed in order of financial resources devoted to them in the last 18 months (from highest to lowest). Refer to Essere Animali's general information request and our Cost Effectiveness criterion for more detailed information.
Essere Animali's programs
Program 1: Investigations
This program focuses on conducting investigations to show consumers the reality of factory farming and the food system. Currently, the investigations are used as tools for their legal and corporate campaigns and have been used by other organizations in the E.U. Investigations mainly focus on chickens, fishes, pigs, cows, and the transport of farmed animals.
Main interventions
Program 2: Legal or Policy Work
This program focuses on filing legal complaints based on footage of Essere Animali's investigations into farms and slaughterhouses. These legal actions aim, in the longer term, to reform laws to increase farmed animal welfare standards, both in Italy and the E.U.
Legal or policy work
Program 3: Individual Outreach
This program focuses on engaging the public with a message to change their individual choices or become activists and allies.
Individual outreach
Program 4: Corporate Outreach
This program focuses on engaging food companies and retailers to increase the welfare standards of farmed animals. The program takes a friendly and positive approach to corporate outreach via meeting with companies, but depending on the case, also includes campaigns and peaceful protests against companies.
Corporate outreach
Program 5: Institutional and Corporate Vegan Outreach
This program focuses on engaging institutions to reduce their use of animal products in their canteens. Additionally, this program includes collaborations with European organizations (such as Veganuary) to ask companies to introduce and/or promote vegan options.
Institutional (or corporate) vegan outreach
Program 6: Media Outreach
This program focuses on reaching out to consumers and the public via media (especially TV) and social media outreach. This program includes collaborating with investigative journalists and creating social media campaigns.
Program 7: Capacity Building
This program focuses on building the capacity of the movement by sharing investigations with other organizations and giving advice to individuals. Plans for this program include creating materials and organizing events for activists.
Research for intervention effectiveness
We categorized the work Essere Animali does into seven intervention types: investigations, legal or policy work, individual outreach, corporate outreach, institutional (or corporate) vegan outreach, media outreach, and capacity building. Below, we summarize the most relevant research on the effectiveness of each of these intervention types, listed in order of financial resources devoted to them in the last 18 months (from highest to lowest).
A study on the Australian public's reaction to investigative footage of cows broadcasted in the media concluded that they were emotionally affected, but that did not translate to significant behavioral change.8 A later study on the same footage concluded that many people who view animal cruelty footage will have a long-term memory of it, but would still prefer to be informed about the issues rather than protected from them.9 Another study examining the impact of an Australian media campaign—which exposed animal cruelty during the live export of sheep—found no apparent difference in people's concern for sheep or cattle welfare, attitudes toward animal agriculture, acceptance of the meat industry, or trust in meat farmers, after the media campaign.10
Available evidence suggests that legal work by animal advocacy organizations can contribute to changes and modifications in the law, help ensure law enforcement, and motivate cultural shifts in societal attitudes toward animal welfare. The success of this legal work requires that such laws have a positive impact on the welfare of animals and that the work those organizations do contributes to the introduction of those laws. While legal change may take longer to achieve than some other forms of change, we expect its effects to be particularly long-lasting.
Existing research suggests that the effectiveness of interventions addressing consumers' knowledge and emotions about decreasing meat consumption depends on three factors: (i) whether information is provided on health, animal welfare, or environmental effects; (ii) whether information is emotionally or cognitively framed; and (iii) whether information is aligned with consumers' information needs.11 Some evidence suggests that a combination of information on the health and environmental effects of meat consumption appears to be the most effective, especially for individuals who already believe in those effects.12
Evidence also suggests that interventions appealing to animal welfare are generally effective at reducing meat consumption, purchase, or related intentions—at least in the short term.13 Triggering emotions (e.g., empathy, guilt, or disgust) seems to be even more effective at reducing meat consumption than providing facts, and intervention effectiveness can depend on the animal species being targeted.14 Note that most studies focus on the short-term effects of interventions on individual attitudes and intentions, and studies that measure consumption mostly rely on self-reported consumption data, which can be subject to misreporting and biases.
An experiment found that social media posts reduced self-reported animal product consumption by meat-avoiders (i.e., reducetarians, pescetarians, and vegetarians) but did not affect full meat-eaters.15
Some empirical studies indicate that self-monitoring—a key part of taking a vegan pledge—reduces meat consumption, at least in the short term.16 Other studies suggest that some participants adopt a more plant-based diet for several months after engaging with a pledge.17 However, an experimental study found a reduction in meat consumption during the challenge but not after it.18
There is some evidence that corporate outreach leads food companies to change their practices related to chicken welfare, and there are some cost-effectiveness estimates suggesting corporate outreach improves the welfare standards of farmed chickens.19 Cost-effectiveness estimates vary widely, and it is unclear which is the most accurate. The longer-term effects of improving welfare standards on the production and consumption of animal products are unclear.
Research suggests that the follow-through rate of broiler welfare campaigns ranges from 1%–94% and that corporate campaigns affect 0.2 to 90 chicken-years per dollar spent.20 Because such commitments include campaigning for companies to switch to higher-welfare (but likely slower-growing) breeds of broiler chickens, such commitments may lead to improved welfare but also more days lived on factory farms.21
We are not aware of any cost-effectiveness estimates on corporate campaigns for farmed fish welfare. However, we consider farmed fishes to be a high-priority animal group because of the likelihood that farmed fish suffering is large in scale, the potential tractability of interventions to improve farmed fish welfare, and the current neglectedness of the issue.
Although we are not aware of any cost-effectiveness estimates on corporate campaigns for pigs or foie gras bans, we generally expect these campaigns to affect fewer animals than chickens or fishes. We recognize that they may build momentum to implement welfare improvements for other animals, and that they can be particularly effective in a country or region.
We are not currently aware of any peer-reviewed research on influencing the availability of animal-free products through institutional outreach. However, we could learn from studies that investigate the effectiveness of institutional outreach to hospitals and schools on increasing the availability of "healthy foods" (specifically fruits, vegetables, and whole grains). Reaching out to nonprofit institutions with the effective strategies identified in these studies has the potential to increase the availability of animal-free foods, considering the high participation and success rates in health food outreach to schools and hospitals. Some of these strategies included working with the local hospital association and hospital workers' unions to encourage participation in the intervention, enlisting in-depth assistance from dietitians, and providing advice on how to incorporate new standards into existing operations.
There is some evidence that increasing the availability of animal-free products in institutions can decrease the consumption of animal products. A literature review concluded that increasing the visibility and variety of vegetarian options in food environments decreases meat consumption.22 The review also suggested that increasing the portion sizes of vegetable dishes in restaurants or canteens (and reducing meat portions) increases vegetable consumption and decreases meat consumption.
An experiment found that reading news articles about farmed animal welfare reduced self-reported animal product consumption in meat-avoiders (e.g., reducetarians, pescetarians, and vegetarians) but not meat-eaters.23 A previous study suggests that media attention to animal welfare has a small but statistically significant impact on meat demand.24
Capacity building enables organizations to develop the competencies and skills to make their team more effective and sustainable, thus increasing their potential to fulfill their mission and create change.25 ACE's 2018 research on the allocation of movement resources suggests that capacity building is neglected relative to other interventions aimed at influencing public opinion and industry. Others have argued that many effective animal advocacy organizations could benefit from capacity-building services, specifically from career services and greater diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives, especially in the longer term.26
Our Assessment
We estimate that most of Essere Animali's spending on programs targets high-priority animal groups (farmed animals in general and farmed chickens) and high-priority outcomes (improvement of welfare standards and stronger animal advocacy movement). Additionally, we estimate that about a third of their spending goes toward moderate-priority interventions (investigations and media outreach), and another third goes toward very high-priority interventions (legal or policy work, corporate outreach, and institutional vegan outreach). Finally, almost all of their work targets a high-priority country (Italy).
Overall, we assess the expected effectiveness of Essere Animali's programs as high.27
In this criterion, we assess the effectiveness of a charity's approaches to implementing interventions, their recent achievements, and the costs associated with those achievements. By conducting this assessment, we seek to gain insight into a charity's overall impact on animals given the resources they used to achieve their results. A charity that performs well on this criterion likely utilizes their available resources in a cost-effective manner. The key aspects that ACE considers when examining cost effectiveness are reviewed in detail below.
We conducted our analysis by comparing a charity's reported expenditures over the past 18 months to the reported achievements of their main programs during that time.28 We estimated total program expenditures by taking the charity's reported expenditures for each program and adding a portion of their nonprogram expenditures weighted by the program's size. This process allowed us to incorporate general organizational running costs into our consideration of cost effectiveness. During our evaluation, we also verified a subset of the charity's reported achievements by searching for independent sources to help us verify claims and directing follow-up questions to the charity.
We selected up to five key achievements per program to factor into our cost-effectiveness assessment.29 When selecting achievements, we prioritized those that we thought were most representative of their respective programs and that referred to completed work (rather than work in progress). For each key achievement, we identified the associated intervention type and assigned the respective intervention score. (For more details on how we calculated those scores and prioritized interventions, see the Programs criterion.) Based on the charity's reported expenditure on each achievement, we computed how many such achievements the charity accomplished per $100,000.30
We used the number of achievements per $100k and other contextual information (e.g., the species affected) to score the cost effectiveness of each key achievement, and then used those scores to modify the average intervention type score. This modified score for each key achievement takes into account how impactful the intervention is on average and how cost-effectively it has been implemented by the charity. The final score for each program is the average of the modified intervention scores, weighted by the relative expenditure on each key achievement.
The final cost-effectiveness score is the average of the program scores, weighted by percentage of total expenditures spent on each program. This score indicates on a 1–5 scale how cost effective we believe this program has been over the last 18 months, with 1 indicating very low cost effectiveness, 2 indicating low cost effectiveness, 3 indicating moderate cost effectiveness, 4 indicating high cost effectiveness, and 5 indicating very high cost effectiveness. Please see the cost-effectiveness assessment spreadsheet for more detailed information.
Below, we report the total program expenditures, key achievements of each program, and estimated cost effectiveness of each program.
Overview of expenditures
The following chart shows Essere Animali's total program expenditures from January 2021 – June 2022.
The following tables show Essere Animali's key achievements, achievement expenditures, the number of achievements per $100,000, and a program cost-effectiveness score from January 2021 – June 2022.
Program cost-effectiveness score: 3.4
Key achievements:
Key achievements Achievement expenditures (USD) Number of achievements per $100,000
Completed 13 investigations $303,553 4.3 investigations
Created a website for collecting reports about illegal activities on farms, generating 173 reports $34,692 498.7 reports
Completed 9 inspections and took 5 legal actions as a result of the reports $21,682 23.1 legal actions
Filed 11 complaints $63,012 17.5 complaints
Started 4 new trials $94,517 4.2 legal trials
Trials resulted in 6 farmers being found guilty or fined $63,012 9.5 farmers convicted or fined
Secured 71,580 Veganuary sign-ups and 52,753 Veg Week sign-ups $111,729 111,281.1 vegan challenge signups
The "I Choose Veg" project attracted 744,240 visitors on the website, 51,000 Instagram followers, 19,450 podcast downloads, and 17,600 newsletter subscribers $64,685 1,150,559.3 website visitors
Released a documentary featuring investigation footage $41,163 2.4 documentaries
Received 2 million views and 14,074 subscribers on YouTube $29,402 6,802,188.9 YouTube views
Secured 2 corporate commitments to the European Chicken Commitment in partnership with 2 other organizations $28,784 7.0 chicken welfare commitments
Drafted 2 fish welfare reports in collaboration with Animal Ask $83,952 2.4 fish welfare reports
Secured 1 foie gras-free commitment, amounting to 12,800 locations $7,196 13.9 foie-gras free commitments
12 companies completed the online plant-based training program, reaching about 67,000 people $51,836 23.2 companies participating in campaign
Changed canteen menus at 2 companies, impacting meals for about 1,400 people $47,393 4.2 canteen menu change commitments
Convinced 56 companies and 24 restaurants to promote Veganuary $26,659 300.1 corporate Veganuary promotion commitments
Secured 11 video or news appearances, amounting to approximately 12.8 million views $20,730 53.1 media appearances
Published 209 articles $20,730 1,008.2 media articles
Created a monthly television program that runs from October-June every year $2,591 38.6 TV programs
Collaborated with a celebrity to produce a video that received 206,000 views $1,555 13,249,974.3 video views
Co-published an Italian translation of How to Create a Vegan World $9,808 10.2 book translations
Gave 3 talks, amounting to 225 audience members $3,503 85.6 presentations
Co-organized a conference with 100 attendees $701 142.7 conferences organized
Essere Animali's overall cost-effectiveness score is 3.7, which indicates moderate to high cost effectiveness.31 This overall score is an estimate of how Essere Animali's work in the past 18 months has contributed to helping animals, taking their expenditures into account.32
A recommendation from ACE could lead to a large increase in a charity's funding. In this criterion, we investigate whether a charity would be able to absorb and effectively utilize funding that a new or renewed recommendation may bring in. Our assessment of this criterion ultimately guides our recommendation decision; charities are ineligible to receive a particular recommendation status if they would be unable to absorb and effectively utilize the subsequent funding. All descriptive data and estimations for this criterion can be found in the RFMF model spreadsheet.
We begin our room for more funding (RFMF) assessment by inspecting the charity's revenue and plans for expansion through 2024, assuming that their ACE recommendation status and the amount of ACE-influenced funding they receive will stay the same. Then, we outline how the charity would likely expand if they were to receive funds beyond their predicted income and use this information to calculate their RFMF. Finally, we share our thoughts about the charity's overall financial sustainability and revenue diversity.
Plans for Expansion
To estimate charities' RFMF, we request their financial records from the past 30 months and ask them to predict what their revenue will be in the next 30 months. We also ask how they plan to allocate funding among their programs. We then assess our level of confidence in their projections based on factors such as past revenue, past expenditures, and nonfinancial barriers to the scalability of their programs (e.g., time or talent shortages).
Although we list the expenditures for planned nonprogram expenses, we do not assess the charity's overhead costs in this criterion, given that there is no evidence that the total share of overhead costs negatively impacts overall effectiveness.33 However, we do consider relative overhead costs per program in our Cost Effectiveness criterion. Here, we focus on determining whether additional resources are likely to be used for effective programs or other beneficial organizational changes. The latter may include investments into infrastructure and staff retention, both of which we think are important for sustainable growth.
Unexpected Funding
We ask charities to indicate how they would spend additional, unexpected funding that an ACE recommendation may bring in. This amount varies from charity to charity, but on average is roughly $200,000 per year for Standout Charities and $1,000,000 per year for Top Charities. We also ask previously recommended charities to indicate how they would use additional funding because there is some evidence that repeatedly recommended charities are more appealing to donors; therefore, they may get more ACE-influenced funding over time. We then assess our level of confidence in the charity's ability to carry out their plans in 2023 and 2024—i.e., how much unexpected funding we believe they could utilize for effective programs in that timeframe—to estimate their RFMF for those years. These estimates are then shared with the charity and adjusted as needed based on feedback. Our RFMF estimates are intended to identify the point at which we would want to check in with a charity to ensure that they have used their funds effectively and can still absorb additional funding.
We may adjust RFMF based on the status of a charity's reserves. It is common practice for charities to hold more funds than needed for their current expenses in order to be able to withstand changes in the business cycle or external shocks that may affect their incoming revenue. Such additional funds can also serve as investments in future projects. Thus, it can be effective to provide a charity with additional funding to secure the organization's stability and/or provide funding for larger, future projects. Therefore, we increase a charity's RFMF if they are below their targeted amount of reserves. If a target does not exist, we suggest that charities hold reserves equal to at least one year of expenditures.34
Revenue Diversity
The charities we evaluate typically receive revenue from a variety of sources, such as individual donations and grants from foundations.35 A review of the literature on nonprofit finance suggests that revenue diversity may be positively associated with revenue predictability if the sources of income are largely uncorrelated.36 However, there is evidence that revenue diversity may not always be associated with financial stability.37 Therefore, although revenue diversity does not play a direct role in our recommendation decision, we indicate charities' major sources of income in this criterion for donors interested in financial stability.
The chart below shows Essere Animali's revenues, expenditures, and net assets from 2020–2021, as well as their own projections for the years 2022–2024.
Revenue, Expenditures, and ACE-Influenced Funding Over the Years 2020–2024
Essere Animali plans to expand all of their programs.
Below, we share Essere Animali's plans for each of their programs in more detail. Projected changes in expenditure are the charity's own estimates from August 2022. We also include a surface-level assessment of the feasibility of their plans. More details can be found in the corresponding estimation sheet and in the supplementary materials.
2021 2022 (Projected) 2023 (Projected) 2024 (Projected)
$211,757 $169,613 $171,760 $182,495
Planned expansions and other changes
Maintain this program for now
Expand collaborations with international organizations for a wider E.U. scope
Feasibility of plans: high
Work much more on directly lobbying politicians for national or E.U. campaigns
Hire a person in charge of lobbying and a Campaign Officer in late 2022/early 2023
Develop new ideas on diet change programs
Invest in veg challenges and diet change programs
Expand work for the Open Wing Alliance and the European Chicken Commitment
Hire a Head of Corporate Relations and Campaign Officer in late 2022/early 2023
$65,065 $71,925 $96,615 $112,718
Hire a Food Policy Officer to work on Veganuary Corporate and the MenoPerPiù project in universities
$23,660 $26,838 $42,940 $42,940
Hire a dedicated person for the Press Office
$4,969 $4,294 $7,515 $9,662
Maintain program
Based on our assessment of Cost Effectiveness, Essere Animali's investigations, individual outreach, media outreach, and capacity building programs appear less cost effective than their other programs, as well as some programs at other charities that we consider to be highly impactful. Looking forward to 2023 and 2024, we estimate that about 55% of Essere Animali's planned expenditures will go toward programs that ACE currently considers to be highly cost effective.
In addition to other sources of funding, Essere Animali has received funding influenced by ACE as a result of their recommended charity status for the past two years. Thus, their RFMF analysis will focus on our assessment of whether they could continue to effectively absorb funding that comes from our recommendation.
Essere Animali outlined that if they were to spend an additional $200,000 per year, it would be allocated toward strengthening their current programs, especially their policy work, which we believe is an effective and reasonble use of funding. Overall, we have high confidence that Essere Animali could effectively absorb at least an additional $200,000 per year beyond their plans for expansion outlined in the previous section.
Essere Animali outlined that if they were to spend an additional $1,000,000 per year: about $550,000 would be focused on coordinating a large project, such as law proposals in European countries with small movements; about $350,000 would be focused on strengthening their current programs; and about $100,000 would be to used to expand fundraising. We believe this is an effective and reasonable use of funding in the short term, but may it be unsustainable in the longer term relative to their current operating budget. Overall, we have moderate confidence that Essere Animali could effectively absorb an additional $1,000,000 per year beyond their plans for expansion outlined in the previous section.
With about €50,000 held in reserves—as reported by Essere Animali for 2022—we believe that they could benefit from holding a larger amount. As such, we increased their 2023 RFMF by $375,325 to account for building/replenishing their reserves up to their target of €400,000.
Essere Animali receives the majority of their income (over 99%) from grants/donations. They receive about 42% of their funding from donations larger than 20% of their annual revenue. This includes restricted donations of $83,000 for lobbying and policy work for farmed fishes, and $540,000 for investigations and corporate campaigns in 2022 and 2023.
Based on (i) our assessment that they can use additional reserves, (ii) our assessment that they could effectively absorb an additional $200,000, and (iii) our assumption that a loss of recommendation status would result in a decrease in funding, we believe that overall, Essere Animali has room for $775,725 of additional funding in 2023 and $500,000 in 2024. These two figures represent the amount we believe they could absorb beyond their projected revenues of $1,336,508 in 2023 and $1,486,798 in 2024, meaning that we believe that they could utilize total revenues of up to $2,112,233 in 2023 and $1,986,798 in 2024. Additionally, we believe that 55% of that funding would contribute to programs that ACE considers to be highly cost effective. See our Cost Effectiveness criterion for our assessment of the effectiveness of their programs.
It is possible that a charity could run out of room for more funding more quickly than we expect or that they could come up with good ways to use funding beyond what we expect. If a charity receives a recommendation as Top Charity, we check in mid-year about the funding they've received since the release of our recommendations, and we use the estimates presented above to indicate whether we still expect them to be able to effectively absorb additional funding at that time.
The way an organization is led affects its organizational culture, which in turn can impact the organization's effectiveness and stability.38 In this criterion, our main goal is to assess whether organizations seem to have leadership and culture issues that are substantial enough to affect our confidence in their effectiveness and stability. The key aspects that ACE considers when examining leadership and culture are reviewed in detail below.
We review aspects of organizational leadership and culture by examining information provided by top leadership staff (as defined by each charity) and by capturing staff perspectives via our culture survey. At a charity's request, we also distribute the survey to volunteers working at least five hours per week.
Assessing leadership
First, we consider key information about the composition of leadership staff and the board of directors. There appears to be no consensus in the literature on the specifics of the relationship between board composition and organizational performance.39 Therefore, we refrain from making judgments on board composition. However, because donors may have preferences on whether the Executive Director (ED) or other top executive staff are board members or not, we note when this is the case. For example, BoardSource recommends that, if the law permits, the ED (or equivalent) should be an "ex officio, non-voting member of the board."40 In this way, the ED can provide input in board meeting deliberation and decision making, at the same time avoiding perceived conflicts of interest, questions concerning accountability, or blurring the line between oversight and execution.
We also consider leadership's commitment to transparency41 by looking at available information on the charity's website, such as key staff members and financial information. We require organizations selected for evaluation to be transparent with ACE throughout the evaluation process. Although we value transparency, we recognize that some organizations may be able to have a greater impact by keeping certain information private. For example, organizations and individuals working in some regions or on particular interventions could be harmed by publicizing certain information about their work.
In addition, our culture survey asks staff to identify the extent to which they feel that leadership competently guides the organization. We also ask leadership what strategies they use to learn about staff morale and work climate.
Organizational policies and workplace culture
We ask organizations undergoing evaluation to provide a list of their human resources policies, and we solicit the views of staff (and volunteers, if applicable) through our culture survey. Administering our culture survey to all staff members is an eligibility requirement to be recommended by ACE as a Top or Standout Charity. However, ACE does not require that all individual staff members at participating charities complete the survey. We recognize that surveying staff and/or volunteers could (i) lead to inaccuracies due to selection bias and (ii) may not reflect employees' true opinions, as they are aware that their responses could influence ACE's evaluation of their employer. In our experience, it's easier to assess issues with an organization's culture than it is to assess its strength. Therefore, we focus on determining whether there are issues in the organization's culture that have a negative impact on staff productivity and wellbeing.
We assume that staff in the nonprofit sector often have multiple motives or incentives: They receive monetary compensation, experience social benefits from being part of a team, and take pride in their organization's achievements for a cause.42 Because nonprofit wages are typically lower than for-profit wages, our survey asks all staff about wage satisfaction. In cases where volunteers respond to our culture survey, we typically ask organizations to provide their volunteer hours, because due to the absence of a contract and pay, volunteering may indicate special cases of uncertain work conditions. Additionally, we request the organization's benefit policies regarding time off, health care, training, and professional development. We also consider how many of our listed policies (13 general policies and eight REI and harassment/discrimination policies) charities have in place.43 While certain policies might be deemed priorities,44 we do not assess which specific policies from our list are most important for charities to have. Additionally, we make exceptions for charities working in regions where these policies are not common practice.
To capture whether the organization also provides non-material incentives, e.g., goal-related intangible rewards, our culture survey includes the 12 questions from the Gallup Q12 employee engagement survey. We consider an average engagement score below the median value of the scale a potential concern.
ACE believes that the animal advocacy movement should be safe and inclusive for everyone. Therefore, we collect information about policies and activities regarding representation, equity, and inclusion (REI). We use the term "representation" broadly in this section to refer to the diversity of certain social identity characteristics (called "protected classes" in some countries).45 Additionally, we believe that in most countries, effective charities must have human resources policies against harassment46 and discrimination47 and that cases of harassment and discrimination in the workplace48 should be addressed appropriately.49 When cases of harassment or discrimination from the last 12 months are reported to ACE by current or former staff members or volunteers, we assess whether the charity appropriately addressed those cases. We do this by considering staff perceptions of whether the reported cases were handled appropriately. If confidentiality permits, we also ask leadership how they addressed the situation.
In this section, we list each charity's Executive Director (or equivalent) and describe the board of directors. We mention this for the purpose of transparency and to identify the relationship between the ED and the board of directors.
President: Simone Montuschi, who has beeninvolved in the organization for 11 years.
Number of board members: Three members, including the President, Simone Montuschi, who is a voting board member. Essere Animali has a conflict of interest policy that aims to avoid any potential conflict of interest between the President and the board. In particular, they have a policy that prevents any board member (including the President) from voting on a matter where they have a conflict of interest.
Staff perception and feedback
Essere Animali has 19 staff members (full-time, part-time, and contractors). Seventeen staff members responded to our survey, yielding a response rate of 89%.
All staff respondents to our culture survey agree that Essere Animali's leadership team guides the organization competently. Additionally, Essere Animali leadership conducts annual staff surveys, annual 360 reviews, and does in-person check-ins every four months to learn about staff morale and work climate.
Essere Animali has been transparent with ACE during the evaluation process and during other communications with ACE. In addition, Essere Animali's audited financial documents, a list of board members, a list of key staff members, and information about their accomplishments are available on their website. Based on the information that they make publicly available, we assess Essere Animali's transparency toward the public as very high.
Staff satisfaction
Essere Animali has a formal compensation plan to determine staff salaries. Of the staff that responded to our survey, about 75% report that they are satisfied with their wage. Essere Animali offers paid time off, sick days, personal leave, and full healthcare coverage. All respondents report that they are satisfied with the benefits provided. This suggests that on average, staff exhibit a high satisfaction with wages and benefits. Additional policies are listed in the table below.
Has policy Partial / informal policy No policy
A formal compensation policy to determine staff salaries
Sick days and personal leave
Healthcare coverage
Paid family and medical leave
Clearly defined essential functions for all positions, preferably with written job descriptions
Annual (or more frequent) performance evaluations
Formal onboarding or orientation process
Training and development opportunities for each employee
Simple and transparent written procedure(s) for employees to request further training or support
Paid internships (if possible and applicable)
Staff engagement
The average score among our engagement questions was 6.5 (on a 1–7 scale), suggesting that on average, staff exhibit a very high engagement score.
Harassment and discrimination reports
Essere Animali has staff policies against harassment and discrimination. (See all other related policies in the table below.) No staff report that they have experienced harassment or discrimination at their workplace during the last 12 months, and no staff report to have witnessed harassment or discrimination of others in that period.
Policies related to representation, equity, and inclusion (REI)
A clearly written workplace code of ethics/conduct
A written statement that the organization does not tolerate discrimination on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, or other irrelevant characteristics
A simple and transparent written procedure for filing complaints
Mandatory reporting of harassment and discrimination through all levels, up to and including the board of directors
Explicit protocols for addressing concerns or allegations of harassment or discrimination
Documentation of all reported instances of harassment or discrimination, along with the outcomes of each case n/a
Regular trainings on topics such as harassment and discrimination in the workplace
An anti-retaliation policy protecting whistleblowers and those who report grievances
We did not detect any major concerns in Essere Animali's leadership and organizational culture. We positively note that Essere Animali is transparent toward external stakeholders, has a large number of staff policies, staff agree that leadership guides the organization competently, staff have not experienced harassment or discrimination in the workplace in the last year, and staff are engaged and satisfied with their job.
Some of the interventions used by Essere Animali (policy work and corporate outreach) are likely to be very effective in improving the welfare of farmed animals, including farmed fishes. Essere Animali's work on institutional and corporate vegan outreach is also likely to be very effective in increasing the availability of animal-free products. However, the five charities we recommended this year performed better on the Programs, Cost Effectiveness, and Room For More Funding criteria compared to Essere Animali. Based on our assessment of their performance on our four evaluation criteria—Programs: highly effective, Cost Effectiveness: moderate to high cost effectiveness; Room for More Funding: >$200,000; Leadership and Culture: no major concerns—we recommended other charities ahead of Essere Animali.
We don't consider the number of individuals as the only relevant characteristic for scale, and we don't necessarily believe that groups of animals or species should be prioritized solely based on scale. However, the number of animals in a group or species is one characteristic of scale that we use for prioritization.
Of the 191 billion farmed vertebrate animals killed annually for food globally, 101 billion are farmed fishes and 79 billion are farmed chickens, making these impactful groups to focus on.
We estimate there are 10 quintillion, or 1019, wild animals alive at any time, of whom we estimate at least 10 trillion are vertebrates. It's notable that Rowe (2020) estimates that 100 trillion to 10 quadrillion (or 1014 to 1016) wild invertebrates are killed by agricultural pesticides annually.
We acknowledge that using Mercy For Animals' FAOI scores can bias us toward their own considerations of the most important countries for them to focus on.
On average, our team considers advocating for improvements of welfare standards to be a positive and promising approach. However, there are different viewpoints within ACE's research team on the effect of advocating for animal welfare standards on the spread of anti-speciesist values. There are concerns that arguing for welfare improvements may lead to complacency related to animal welfare and give the public an inconsistent message—e.g., see Wrenn (2012). In addition, there are concerns with the alliance between nonprofit organizations and the companies that are directly responsible for animal exploitation, as explored in Baur and Schmitz (2012).
Šimčikas (2019); Bollard (2017)
For arguments supporting the view that the most important consideration of our present actions should be their long-term impact, see Greaves & MacAskill (2019) and Beckstead (2019).
Tiplady et al. (2013)
Rice et al. (2020)
Kwasny et al. (2022)
Mathur et al. (2021)
Polanco et al. (2022)
See the review of two such studies in Bianchi et al (2018).
Faunalytics (2019); Grassian (2019); Moleman (2018); Veganuary (2021)
Piazza et al. (2022)
Šimčikas (2019)
Tonsor & Olynk (2011).
National Council of Nonprofits (n.d)
Harris (2019)
For more detailed information, see Essere Animali's Programs Assessment spreadsheet.
As part of our information request to charities, we ask for a list and description of their main achievements for each of their programs. We also asked charities to report their expenditures for each program, and to estimate the percentage of program expenditures spent on each key achievement.
Assessing cost effectiveness by looking at a charity's key achievements has limitations. It will likely bias cost-effectiveness estimates upward to some extent, as it does not consider expenditures on less impactful achievements or work that did not result in an achievement. This may affect larger programs more, as their key achievements are more likely to account for a smaller proportion of overall program costs and thus may be less reflective of the program's overall cost effectiveness.
We standardized to achievements per $100,000 to allow for easier comparisons across achievements.
We use ratings of low, moderate, and high to help distinguish between the performance of charities that we review, and to make our numerical scores easier to interpret. These qualitative ratings are not reflective of a charity's performance when compared to other charities that were not selected for review.
Please see Essere Animali's Cost-Effectiveness Assessment spreadsheet for more detailed information.
Garven et al. (2016); Mitchell & Calabrese (2018)
National Council of Nonprofits (n.d.); Propel Nonprofits (2022); Boland (2021)
To be selected for evaluation, we require that a charity has a budget size of at least about $100,000 and faces no country-specific regulatory barriers to receiving money from ACE.
Carroll (2009)
Hung & Hager (2018)
Rousseau (1990), cited in Kartolo et al. (2022)
Du Bois et al. (2007)
BoardSource (2016), p. 4
Charity Navigator (n.d.-a) defines transparency as "an obligation or willingness by a charity to publish and make available critical data about the organization."
Clark and Wilson (1961), as cited in Rollag (n.d.)
Our evaluation process for human resources policies uses an assessment system that we have adapted from Charity Navigator (n.d.-b).
Nonprofit Leadership Center (2021)
Examples of such social identity characteristics include: race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, gender or gender expression, sexual orientation, pregnancy or parental status, marital status, national origin, citizenship, amnesty, veteran status, political beliefs, age, ability, and genetic information.
Harassment may occur in one incident or many, and incidents can be nonsexual or sexual in nature. ACE defines nonsexual harassment as unwelcome conduct—including physical, verbal, and nonverbal behavior—that upsets, demeans, humiliates, intimidates, or threatens an individual or group. ACE defines sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances; requests for sexual favors; and other physical, verbal, and nonverbal behaviors of a sexual nature when: (i) submission to such conduct is made explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment; (ii) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting the targeted individual; or (iii) such conduct has the purpose or effect of interfering with an individual's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.
ACE defines discrimination as the unjust or prejudicial treatment of or hostility toward an individual on the basis of certain social identity characteristics.
ACE defines the workplace as any place where work-related activities occur, including physical premises, meetings, conferences, training sessions, transit, social functions, and electronic communication (such as email, chat, text, phone calls, and virtual meetings).
ACE recognizes that a lack of reporting does not necessarily mean that there are no issues at an organization, and it may indicate that staff don't feel comfortable reporting issues.
The following materials are supplementary research documents associated with our charity review process and are referenced in the comprehensive review.
Program Achievements
General Information Request
Cause Priorities for ACE


The N-scale layout is a joint effort of Bruce Kasson and Doug Wright. All structures on the layout come from Bruce's layout, and the design and construction, scenery, etc. are done by Doug. It measures 4' x 2 1/2' and is very lightweight and portable due to the rigid foam construction. All DC wiring is hidden and there are two trailing turnouts, electrically controlled, on a twice-around design. The new built-in Kato transformer is detachable, and the turnout controls are built into the layout. A Kato diesel locomotive and six freight cars are included. Seven separate scenes are incorporated into the layout, and include 24 craftsman structures, over 30 vehicles and lots of people. All hidden track is accessible for maintenance.


text:
Q: Typescript - change DOM element inner HTML? I've been searching around this afternoon trying to figure out how to use Typescript to change the html of a span element in my breadcrumb trail, OR get an angular statement to evaluate/compile in a jQuery selector. The closest I've found is to use $compile, but I'm not sure if this will work since I don't have the data until after my resolve completes? If it will, I'll need a hand understanding where to inject $compile into the app.
index.module.ts
angular.module('pccrm', ['ngAnimate', 'ngCookies', 'ngTouch', 'ngSanitize', 'ngMessages', 'ngAria', 'ngResource',
            'ui.router', 'ui.bootstrap', 'feature-flags', 'trNgGrid', 'pascalprecht.translate', 'toastr', 'cgBusy',
            'fixtable', 'angularUtils.directives.uiBreadcrumbs', 'LocalStorageModule'])
...

index.route.ts
...
.state(Constants.SEARCH_CONTACTS_CONTACTPROFILE, {
            url: '/orgs/:externalOrgId/contacts/:profileId',
            data: {
                displayName: 'Contact Profile'
            },
            views: {
                '': {
                    templateUrl: 'app/contacts/contact-profile.tmpl.html',
                    controller: 'ContactsProfileController',
                    controllerAs: 'cpc',
                    resolve: {
                        contactProfile: function (contactProfileService: IContactProfileService, $stateParams: any) {
                            return contactProfileService.getContactProfile(<string>$stateParams.externalOrgId, <string>$stateParams.profileId)
                                .then(function (contactModel: IContact) {
                                    return contactModel;
                                });
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        })
...

contact-profile.tmpl.html
...

{{ cpc.contactProfile.fullName() }}

                    {{ cpc.contactProfile.title }}

                        {{ cpc.contactProfile.externalOrganizationName }}

...

Is something like...

on the end of the template html the best way to do this? Or can my profile service edit the DOM somehow once it retrieves the contact info?
NOTE We're using angular-util-sui-breadcrumbs to generate the BCT...which currently doesnt support interpolating the resolve into the BCT with the way we have our nested named views. This is why I need to be able to modify the BCT dom after the fact.

A:
Or can my profile service edit the DOM somehow once it retrieves the contact info

Yes. Export the stuff on the scope and use that {{somethingOnScope.contactProfile.fullName()}} in the UI.
More on scope : https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/scope
Update

You may have misread my question

No. I am saying that don't do:
$('.breadcrumb li.active span').html(
            $compile("{{ cpc.contactProfile.fullName() }}")(scope));

Instead your html should look like:

       {{somethingOnScope.contactProfile.fullName()}}

And then you don't need jquery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


^yeah, but its ON-TOPIC as parts can be shipped here? Im just saying, its even RARER.
Sorry to bump an old thread, but this is the only source I have found with actual numbers. I went a long way out of my way to find my blue 2010 R3 so it's nice to know how rare it is. Are these numbers confirmed in any way?
handled my OCD question well.
Upon conducting some internal research here at Mazda North American Operations, I was able to produce the following information regarding Mazda RX-8 R3 production volume.
I do hope the above information proves to be useful for you. Thank you for contacting Mazda North American Operations.
Sold less and less because the colors got worse and worse. Just my opinion.
A guy at my dealership told me 3,000 total globally.
I think the more interesting question is total volume, not just R3.
I have one of the 132! Velocity Red.
^^^^ Is that global or US figures?
The blue is nice. I like the red better!
i live ine new orleans and here there is only one other R3 besides mine that i have seen. i think someone told me they made 500 of each color. but i could be mistaken. bc that's not many at all.
According to the cop that pulled me over... "Your car being red adds 15 mph to your speed", whatever that means... so red is faster by 15 mph.
Read up ^... only 132 R3's were produced for the US market in 2011. I have one, and there's only one other '11 R3 in OKC.


The United States defeat Canada in Nationwide Arena in the first preliminary games of the tournament. The final score was 4-2.
Patrick Kane, the reigning Hart Trophy winner of the Chicago Blackhawks, made it 2-0.
Joe Pavelski, the captain of Team USA and the San Jose Sharks, made it 3-1 on a rebound shot from Blue Jackets defenseman Jack Johnson.
Drew Doughty, the reigning Norris Trophy winner from the Los Angelese Kings, made it 3-2.
Derek Stepan of the New York Rangers scored an empty netter to make it 4-2.
The US had Jonathan Quick of the Los Angeles Kings play in the first two period; and Ben Bishop of the Tampa Bay Lightning in the third.
The Canadians had Carey Price in all game long.
What does this win mean for the States?
Do they begin to feel overly confident and feel like the favorites after one game? Or well the veteran leadership and coaching keep them together. Or does their feistiness show they can't be messed with?
What does this loss mean for the Canadiens?
Do they look to Braden Holtby as their number one? Do they jumble up the lines? How will revenge come out against the States and other opponents? Will the star players play like stars?
One side note, the crowd in Columbus plus the cannon going off were fantastic to see and hear.
Also, nothing beats a right deltoid save.
What are your thoughts on the World Cup of Hockey?
How did you write this?
With a feather and ink jar.
he must be one of the site owners.
any have any idea what is going on?
anyone i meant to say, but whatever.
can someone help me figure out what is happening?
It did the thing at the it and yes.
jmatchett383, was that just nonsense or did it mean something?
It was no more nonsense than whatever thought the writer was attempting to convey.
Is the rest of HockeyBuzz working for anyone other than me?


text:
Fugitive Talents, by Sam Smith
Within the theatre of his many lives Auguste Rodin's method of teaching piano was to make his pupils wear coachman's gauntlets. Not always the pair. Should the practice piece be heavy on the beat, worn or not, a gauntlet on the left hand made little difference to any two chord pounding. On the other hand [a pun] the fingers of the right Rodin rarely allowed to wriggle free.
Bach's Italian Concerto arranged for pianoforte was the testing piece that Rodin most often inflicted on his pupils. A dash of affection for his country of temporary residence had him first select this. A sadistic perversity had him persevere. Mostly to deter the mother-sent schoolgirls, black-lashed eyes a'flutter, who were wont to swear their love for the bear. The most persistent even declared themselves undaunted by his growls and bellows.
Rodin turned his large back on all such declarations.
"Play! Play!" he'd sing out in his high tenor. And should a gauntlet fumble the counterpoint one of his own huge hands would come thumping down on the piano's loose lid. The bang and clatter would be accompanied by his oft-used cry and complaint: "Interpret! Interpret! A rock'd make more sense."
Ghost In My Room, by Bojan Nenezic
A few months ago, as I was laying in my bed, a big ghost appeared above my head. At first, I noticed his big smile and crystal white teeth.
"You certainly have a good dentist in Heaven," I said then.
"Or are you maybe from Hell?" I asked provocatively .
But he only continued to smile, without a word, and it was a real mystery why he came into my house.
"Hey, Mister Ghost, what are you doing here, what you want from me?" I started asking again, but unfortunately, it ended without response as the first time.
He was in the air a few more seconds and after that disappeared in a moment. My main question stayed without an answer. Why did he fly in my room?
How Pa met Ma in the City, by Donal Mahoney
The story goes Pa met Ma in the city when he drove a truckload of pigs to market. She was the young waitress who served him cup after cup of coffee and gave him three eggs instead of just two along with four slices of bacon.
Pa liked Ma as soon as he saw her so he told her he'd go back to the hotel and clean up and come back and take her to a movie if she'd like.
Ma said yes and one thing led to a marriage and Ma moved with Pa down to his farm, a strange place for a city girl who had spent all 18 years of her short life in the city.
Ma had a lot to learn on the farm and she did it slowly. The first time she took laundry out the basement door to hang on the line she met a skunk not bothering anyone, first skunk she had ever seen, and like most skunks no one had ever tried to pet him before.
Ma had already petted some of Pa's cows and sheep and even a reclining sow with piglets so she put her laundry down to give this pretty critter a nice petting.
The skunk, however, had other ideas and raised quite a stink.
It was hours before Ma could go back in the house because Pa had to wait until dark to clean her up in back of the barn with very strong soap and buckets and buckets of water.
Eventually most of the stench subsided but Ma's clothes were a total loss. They couldn't even be used for rags and had to be burned way out in a field not planted that year.
All through the scrubbing and buckets of water Pa and Ma kept laughing and squealing. Like always, they had a very good time.
United Nature, by Bojan Nenezic
Dark blue waves were hitting the beach, while I was sitting on the fine white crystal sand. My eyes were directed toward the open ocean, and I looked the Sun's rays, which were refracting on the blue surface. Together, they had some mixed color between red and blue, but it changed every time when a new wave came. A slight wind was gently touching my skin, and I felt totally connected with the nature around me. As one organism, no one could separate us from each other, and when I think about it again, I am completely sure, it will stay like that forever.
Into The Boneyards, by Jacqueline Carter
She could paint worlds with those fingers.
Her canvas a screen, her brush a small, compact keyboard that clicked like the razor-sharp little teeth of a Piranha every other moment; ravenous to consume the notions of creation held inside her; like an artist throwing paint at a wall in furious rapture.
I watch her surreptitiously most of the morning in a Café downtown and wonder how the world doesn't stop to marvel at it: the delicate precision of those fingers flying over the letters. The silent movement of her lips as she composes a line – no, strike it! Abolished, a wretched thing stripped of its adornments; it has no shelter here on the page, a cast out; a dirty Orphaned passage of little worth – not even a flicker from the world at the bright intrigue of those eyes; pale as a winter's lake in the first stark light of the day; the amusement that gleams and glitters in them as she works.
It's a maestro at his opus.
A sculptor carving with precision into marbled stone.
I'm taken into her world by force. Besieged, set upon and plundered, I sink down, down into layers of it. I cannot ignore the tapestries being woven there before me. I can almost hear the clash of swords, smell the sulfurous heat of a dragon belching fire, see the ripple of potent magic undulating and transforming the very fabric of the air around me. There's no respite to this bombardment; no rest; no recourse but to dive further.
To pass through the bone yards of old, far forgotten tales; wisps of half formed characters; spindly outlines waving like sea grass; pressed into being and then forgot and left to their ruination. To plunge headlong into buried treasures and unearth antiquities of prose never having met the scrutiny of another's eyes or been feasted and gorged on by a reader's delight. I pass through endless vestibules of dilapidated landscapes; these poor, dust-covered portraits that once anticipated longevity in the author's mind but were faded now; their colours dulled; draped with moth-eaten sheets and kept company by nothing more than solitary spiders spinning their webs.
When I rise from this consumption I thrash through to the surface, gasping.
My head spun full of other lives; other worlds; washing back in to the shores of reality in a froth of cold coffee and that sudden, brutal chill as reality dawns and settles her talons in. And when I meet her eyes eventually, this fickle mistress, she strikes me as the Mona Lisa; an impenetrable force; an enigma devised to inspire tormented dissection in ages to come – but then, what can a reflection know of itself.
Annuity Problems Heckle Old Ralph, by Donal Mahoney
The phone conversation had been in progress a long time. Mr. Throckmorton had called Ralph Peters to see if he had received the information on the $100,000 annuity Ralph had requested. The annuity would provide income for life for Ralph and his wife. They were getting up in years and needed a safety net. His wife had been badgering him about getting one for years. The problem was the information the company sent was incorrect. It provided information for a single-life annuity for Ralph only and not a two-life for Ralph and his wife. His wife was very upset and had been making life miserable for Ralph. She had been a bird-watcher all her life and Ralph thought she sounded like a crow.
"Yours is the third company that has sent me the wrong information on a single-life annuity when I specifically asked for data on a two-life annuity," Ralph kept saying in different ways over and over and over again.
Mr. Throckmorton said the problem could be easily remedied if Ralph would simply give him his wife's date of birth so the accurate information could be sent.
"Mistakes happen, Ralph. We can make everything right."
But Ralph would have none of that. He told Mr. Throckmorton he no longer needed a two-life annuity. He said his wife had died of a heart attack a week ago and she was buried yesterday. It was a nice affair, Ralph said. The ladies at church had prepared a nice buffet that everyone enjoyed after returning from the cemetery. The pickled pig's feet, a German dish served after many funerals, were just delicious.
"I'm so sorry to hear about your wife's death, Ralph. Is there anything we can do to help?"
"Well, not for awhile. I'm kind of fond of the widow next door. If she'll marry me I might call you back about an annuity for the two of us. But first I have to get her date of birth. She's a big woman so please don't make a mistake this time."
"We'll do our best as always, Ralph," Mr. Throckmorton said. "We have been providing annuities for more than 100 years and have many satisfied customers. I hope the lady accepts your proposal. If she does, please give me a call and we'll get that information right out to you. No mistake this time, I promise you."
"I'll do that," said Ralph. "But I might want an annuity for myself only. This lady doesn't know anything about annuities. But she's strong enough to push my wheelchair."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Political Op-Eds Social Commentary
'Who lost Iraq' is the wrong question
Christopher Hill and Special to CNN
Updated 5:51 AM EDT, Tue October 25, 2011
U.S. soldiers with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment patrol on July 17 in Iskandariya, Iraq.
PHOTO: AFP/Getty Images/File
Obama's critics faulted him for decision to remove all troops from Iraq this year
Christopher Hill: What option did U.S. really have, since Iraqis wanted troops out?
He says viewing the move as caving in to Iran's growing influence in region is wrong
Hill: The decision by Shiites and Sunnis to seek U.S. withdrawal is a test of the new Iraq
Editor's Note: Christopher Hill, dean of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver, served as U.S. ambassador to Iraq from 2009-10.
In 1949, the communist takeover of China was the beginning of another campaign in the U.S.: Who lost China? It went on for years.
The failure to conclude an agreement to maintain U.S. troops in Iraq is already becoming grist for critics to blame the administration for somehow "losing Iraq" and failing to … do what? Convince the Iraqis they need our troops against Iranian aggression?
It is hard to see what any U.S. administration should do when a country's leaders no longer want to station our troops on their soil. Threaten them? Bribe them? Somehow offer more compelling arguments so that they will slap the side of their head with the palm of their hand and say, "oh! Now I understand!"
Are Americans, for example, truly a better judge of the Iranian threat than a people who lost millions during a savage war of attrition to that country less than 25 years ago? The Iraqis know all about Iranians and certainly don't need our sage advice on the subject.
If it is true, as some of our often poorly informed but never in doubt talking heads would have us believe, that Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki is pro-Iran, perhaps they should put up the proof that this is the case. Maliki is, to be sure, tough-minded and not easy to convince of things. But the notion that he is an Iranian sympathizer – as opposed to a highly nationalistic Iraqi – is based on no evidence at all except for the fact that, like the majority of Iranians (and Iraqis, by the way), he is a Shiite.
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When the United States led the invasion of Iraq, nobody talked much about the Shiite-Sunni divide. And when that fault line was "discovered," the explanation was that somehow the U.S. had clumsily re-energized something long thought to be dormant.
In fact, the Shiite-Sunni divide in Iraq has been a fact in Iraq that has never gone away. Facts, so the expression goes, are stubborn things. Thirteen-hundred-year-old facts are especially stubborn things.
The Iranians never lost time in aiding various Shiite militia groups in the south, supporting the targeting of Sunnis and especially U.S. troops. But were the Iranians the only foreigners interfering in Iraq's domestic affairs? In fact, aid from various extremist Sunni causes also poured in, albeit without any known governmental support from abroad but certainly with considerable foreign fighter assistance.
Among the many accomplishments of U.S. troops of recent years, efforts to interdict these support networks rank high. These groups, however, have persisted in targeting Shiites wherever they can find them (religious festivals continue to be a favorite) and have also continued to come after instruments of Iraq's Shiite-led government.
The Sunni Arab world never fully adjusted to the flipping of Sunni-led Iraq (a reality that had spanned centuries under the British and the Ottomans) to majority-rule Shiite. It was felt to be a huge loss to the Sunni states, especially to those with restive Shiites in their midst.
For many Arab Sunnis throughout the Middle East, Iraq's new order was all a big mistake caused by naïve Americans. The blunder was on display as the explanation for the infamous Sunni insurgency sparked by the disbanding of the (largely Sunni) army and coupled with a process known as "de-Baathification." Indeed, one of the only narratives that the Sunnis and Shiite agree on in Iraq is that "de-Baathification," the banning of Saddam Hussein-era cronies from positions in the new Iraq, meant "de-Sunnification," because the effect was much more felt within the Sunni community.
The departure of U.S. troops is, no doubt, a new twist in the no-longer-riveting Iraq drama that many Americans have turned off and gone to bed. The decision by the Iraqis – both Sunni and Shiite – to end the presence of U.S. troops will be a test of what kind of Iraq will emerge.
Will the Shiites continue to ally with the Kurds but bring Sunnis into important positions? Or will those Shiites adopt a more winner-take-all approach that ignores Sunni interests? The right instincts in that country do not always come naturally, and a helping hand from the U.S. will be very much needed.
But if the United States, embarking on an election year, turns Iraq into more grist for our winner-take-all elections, a kind of political equivalent of total war, well, we will indeed have all lost Iraq.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Christopher Hill.


A range of methods for the computational prediction of experimentally derived α and β Kamlet–Taft parameters, indicators of hydrogen bond (H-bond) acidity and basicity for ionic liquids (ILs) have been explored. Most usefully, a good correlation has been established between several simple and easily computed quantities which allow for a "quick bench-top" evaluation. More accurate, but also more sophisticated methods employing TD-DFT calculations involving the Kamlet–Taft dyes have been examined and evaluated. Importantly, these techniques open up the opportunity for pre-screening and a priori prediction of properties for ILs not yet synthesised. A key fundamental insight into IL H-bonds has been the determination of an estimate for the energy associated with replacing both neutral molecules in a H-bond with ionic molecules, thus forming the "doubly ionic" H-bond found in ILs.


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How Everything Works
Lou Bloomfield
Lou's Books
Old Web Site
What features of the fuel rods used in reactors prevent them from becoming explo…
October 7, 1997 October 7, 1997 Lou Bloomfield nuclear reactors
What features of the fuel rods used in reactors prevent them from becoming explosive? — JG, Bateman, Australia
A nuclear reactor operates just below critical mass so that each radioactive decay in its fuel rods induces a large but finite number of subsequent fissions. Since each chain reaction gradually weakens away to nothing, there is no danger that the fuel will explode. But operating just below critical mass is a tricky business and it involves careful control of the environment around the nuclear fuel rods. The operators use neutron absorbing control rods to dampen the chain reactions and keep the fuel just below critical mass.
Fortunately, there are several effects that make controlled operation of a reactor relatively easy. Most importantly, some of the neutrons involved in the chain reactions are delayed because they come from radioactive decay processes. These delayed neutrons slow the reactor's response to changes—the chain reactions take time to grow stronger and they take time to grow weaker. As a result, it's possible for a reactor to exceed critical mass briefly without experiencing the exponentially growing chain reactions that we associate with nuclear explosions. In fact, the only nuclear reactor that ever experienced these exponentially growing chain reactions was Chernobyl. That flawed and mishandled reactor went so far into the super-critical regime that even the neutron delaying effects couldn't prevent exponential chain reactions from occurring. The reactor superheated and ripped itself apart.
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Look for the adidas Yeezy Boost 350 V2 "Black/Red" to release on Wednesday, November 23rd, 2016 at select adidas Originals retail stores. The retail price tag is set at $220 USD.
Excellent Choice on this pair of Air Jordan 6 Review by Kevin J.


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Students to Share Water Quality Research
UNC-Chapel Hill undergraduates spent the fall studying Beaufort water quality and will present their findings Friday. Photo: UNC IMS
Over the last few months, 15 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill undergraduates have been conducting water quality research in Beaufort and will present their findings at 10:30 a.m. Friday at the UNC Institute of Marine Sciences, Room 222, in Morehead City.
The undergraduates spent the fall semester at the UNC IMS as part of the UNC Institute for the Environment's Field Site program under the instruction of UNC professors Johanna Rosman and Nathan Hall.
The research project was conducted from September to November in Town Creek, an estuary that runs just north of downtown Beaufort and leads out to Gallants Channel, the site of a relatively new high-rise bridge.
Research was focused on water quality concerns such as bacteria, algae, and nutrients, or fertilizers and processes that affect water quality such as water circulation and oyster filtration. Students covered topics such as potential sources of nutrients and fecal contamination, public perception and use of Town Creek, fecal indicator bacteria and nutrients near stormwater discharge and marinas, tidal flushing in the creek, and the ability of marshes and oyster beds to remove nutrients from the water, according to a news release from the university.
The students' findings can be used as a baseline data set for Beaufort to understand and manage water quality in Town Creek.
The presentation is free and open to the public, and can also be watched online at https://zoom.us/j/2527266841.
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The University of Pretoria incorporated the Mamelodi Campus of the erstwhile Vista University per national government decree on 2 January 2004. The Mamelodi Campus hosts the first year of the University of Pretoria's flagship BSc and BCom Extended Curriculum Programmes (ECPs).
Students admitted to the ECPs on the Mamelodi Campus attend lectures on the Mamelodi Campus for the first year of their studies. Upon successfully meeting the admission requirements of their preferred study programme, students transition to their choice Faculty at either the Hatfield Campus or any of the other campuses of the University of Pretoria, such as the Faculty of Health Sciences, the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, or the Faculty of Education to continue and complete their selected programme of study.
Having commenced their University career on the Mamelodi Campus, these students are automatically alumni of the Mamelodi Campus of the University of Pretoria first and then when they successfully complete their degree programme they become alumni of the University of Pretoria as well.


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Pixar Costumes
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Five Facts About Toy Story
What do your toys do when you're not home? In 1995, Disney answered that question. Toy Story was the first-ever fully computer-animated motion picture. In addition to being the first of its kind, the studio created a phenomenon of children needing to take a double take to be sure that their favorite toys weren't coming to life when they're not looking.
More than 20 years later, Woody and Buzz Lightyear are household names. So Costume SuperCenter decided to compile five facts that you may not have been aware of about the first in this franchise with this Toy Story infographic.
Check Out These Free Printables
Disney Pixar Coloring Pages
Disney Pixar has created so many classics over the years, from Toy Story to Monsters, Inc. to The Incredibles and beyond. It's no surprise that there are an infinite amount of lovable movies that have come out of the Disney studios for you and your family to enjoy. Whether you're a fan of the old classics or the newer hits, there's a movie for everyone.
There's something else that people enjoy just as much as Disney Pixar movies: coloring! So why not combine the two? Costume SuperCenter designed these free printable coloring pages!
Disney Pixar Pumpkin Carving Stencils
Some of our favorite movies have been brought to us by Disney-Pixar. Movies like the 2009 instant classic Up to the classic Toy Story. There have been countless movies that have simply won over the hearts of millions both young and old.
Now, there's a way to show off that love during the Halloween season with pumpkins! Costume SuperCenter will help you become the pumpkin carver you've always imagined you can be. Just print out these Disney Pixar Pumpkin Carving Stencils and get to work!


Sports Physiotherapist with 35 years experience in the areas of musculoskeletal rehabilitation following injury, surgery or other conditions affecting the locomotor system. Long appointment times. Highly personalised service. Self management strategies and independence encouraged.


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Q: WebDav Protocol VS HTTP Protocol In what way WebDAV protocol is better than HTTP protocol in terms of upload.
Is there comparison between Socket Upload protocol and WebDav Upload protocol?

A: WebDav is an extension of the HTTP protocol. Like AJAX for PHP. The upload progess is much more faster and easy to setup in a big company network than HTTP regular uploads.
A WebDAV-Server supports SSL(Secure Sockets Layer) too. You can upload via HTTP-POST directorys.
Sockets are permanently connected to the destination until the task is done.

A: WebDAV upload uses PUT, which is the same as in HTTP. So there really is no difference.


Raksha Bandhan - Fairs and Festivals in India - unique adventure, travel, experience, tours, packages, plans, itinerary!
India is a country of varied religions and occasions. Raksha bandhan is one such festival which is most awaited. It is entirely dedicated to the love and affection shared between a brother and a sister. Sisters tie a delicate cord of 'Rakhi' on this day pulsates with this sublime sentiment and pray for their long life. Brothers, in turn, give them enticing rakhi gifts and vows to protect and care for them life long. Thus all celebrate Raksha Bandhan with great enthusiasm. This Indian Festival Rakhi is celebrated since time Immortal and will be celebrated by siblings for the time to come.
A more poignant instance is of the princess of a small Rajput principality. It speaks of the spell the Raakhi had cast even on those of alien faiths. The princess sent a Raakhi to the Moghal Emperor Humayun to save her honor from the onslaught of the Gujarat Sultan. The emperor who was engaged in an expedition against Bengal, turned back and hastened to the rescue of his Raakhi sister. But, alas, to his utmost sorrow, he found that the kingdom had already been overrun and the princess had committed Jauhaar, i.e., leaped into the flames to save her honor.
The sister-brother relationship highlighted by the Raakhi goes far beyond the mere personal protection of a female from a male. It also implies the basic element of an amicable and harmonious social life where all members of the society look upon themselves as brothers and sisters and as children of one common motherland.
An amazing bond of love shared among siblings is what celebrated on the day of Rakshabandhan. The wonderful festival of Rakhi is eagerly awaited by Brothers and Sisters. Lots of preparations take place into ensuring that the day of Rakhi becomes a most memorable day for the brother and the sister. 'Rakhi' the sacred thread tied to a brother's wrist which is chosen by the sister who ensures that she has selected the brightest and the best designed Rakhi for her loving brother. Best of the sweets are also chosen and along with the Rakhi, vermillion and few grains of rice form part of the Rakhi pooja thali on the day of Rakshabandhan. On this Rakhi occasions gifts are exchanged and special Rakhi Recipes like Ghevar, Vermicelli Kheer, Malpua, Kesar Burfi, Pista Sandesh & Rava Laddoo are prepared to fill this day with lots of sweetness.


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