Fabulous Magazine has had a refurb and is looking… fabulous! In yesterday's edition I was lucky enough to write about this incredible woman – Akuja De Garang had to flea southern Sudan when she was eight years old, after civil war made it unsafe for her family to live there. She eventually settled in Britain but always knew her heart belonged in South Sudan. As soon as it was safe she returned, and has devoted her life to girls' education. For her services, she was awarded an MBE this year.
Janine is one of the most wonderful people I have ever written about. I just wish that I wasn't writing about the heartbreaking circumstances Janine finds herself in. We've worked together lots now and she is the funniest, warmest, most loveliest woman ever. Her daughters have inherited all those beautiful traits and also have a way with words that puts me to shame – check out the letter they wrote their mum in the attached article.
Janine has secondary incurable cancer. She has a hell of a fight on her hands but fight she does. Meanwhile, she's also raising awareness of the importance of women (and men) checking their bodies for lumps and bumps regularly – making a boobie date once a month. Check out Janine's website here.
She's also frantically raising money for her own treatment plan because the NHS is out of options for her. So if you can spare any pennies, click through to Janine's site and donate.
Read Janine's story in this week's Woman Magazine. And here she is winning Mum Idol in the Sun on Mother's Day. A most deserving accolade for this SuperMum!
Super pleased with this three page extravaganza in Woman magazine this week! Down's syndrome has been in the news a lot in the last few months because the NHS has approved a new antenatal test that will make diagnosis easier to detect. The Down's syndrome community fear that the NHS approach to delivering this diagnosis is not up to date and realistic. It is, sadly, still delivered to parents in an outdated, often rude and terrifying way.
If prenatal diagnosis is going to become more common, the NHS needs to review the way the news is delivered. The old leaflets don't portray a realistic future for children who have Down's syndrome today. This has got to change. And that's what we're campaigning for here and across numerous media platforms. Tell it right, start it right.
I am so proud of my work writing about the Down's syndrome community. If you would like to share your story, please get in touch today.
The children who defied the odds – Woman's Own.
Comments Off on The children who defied the odds – Woman's Own.
Two children who've grown into amazing young adults, celebrated in this week's Woman's Own. Firstly we have Zoe, who was born extremely premature. Doctors warned her mum, Caroline, Zoe wouldn't make it. But she fought on… and slowly she grew. Now, she's a public speaker, she's running marathons and being an all-round amazing woman.
And we have the dashing young photographer Oliver, who was diagnosed with Down's syndrome shortly after birth. Needing operations on his heart left his mum, Wendy, terrified, but Oliver showed a fighting spirit even back then. Determined to encourage her son to be whoever he wanted to be, Wendy is Oliver's number one fan and he has rather a lot of them! Check out his website oliverhellowell.com to see examples of Oliver's stunning photography.
If you're children are little miracles, I'd love to hear about them. Please get in touch today! Pick up a copy of this week's Woman's Own to read about Zoe and Oliver.
This story has been a few years in the making. It was 2014 that young Benny arrived in this world and started what was to become a life changing journey. Mum Jamie wanted to connect with other families in the Down's syndrome community, and not just on Facebook… so she started a journal, a real, leatherbound diary, which she sent off to a mum in Canada.
From Canada, the diary travelled around the US, then after two years on the road, it flew to the UK to visit four British families. The diary is now stuffed full of memories, photos and stories. It is a testament to the love and connections made in the Down's syndrome community that the idea has proved to be such a huge success, Jamie is now sending out other diaries to make similar trips around the world.
Follow the journey here – www.thedownsyndromediary.com and catch Jamie's story in this week's Best.
This is the incredible story of Gary and his gorgeous son, Thomas. Gary and Thomas's mother split up when Thomas was a baby, leaving Gary to raise his son alone. Behavioural problems left Gary worrying about Thomas's future and pressing for a diagnosis, which eventually led to the discovery that Thomas had foetal alcohol syndrome, a preventable condition that arises if the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. It leaves the child with lifelong problems.
Around the time of the diagnosis, Gary also discovered he wasn't Thomas's biological father.
Maybe some men would have walked away at this point. But not Gary. He explains it simply – he was there when Thomas was born. His name is on Thomas's birth certificate. He's raised him so far, he loves him – he IS Thomas's father. Because that's what it takes. It is a beautiful but heartbreaking story and I am so proud of Gary for sharing.
Further information about foetal alcohol syndrome can be found here.
Gary shared his story in Fabulous Magazine here, but we have more lined up so stay tuned!
This is a campaign very close to my heart. I have proudly worked alongside the Down's syndrome community for almost as long as I have been a professional feature writer and we have worked tirelessly to ensure women's magazines celebrate Down's syndrome.
This piece in Take a Break covers a recent peaceful protest held outside Parliament by members of the Down's syndrome community in light of a new procedure that could see a dramatic increase in terminations when a Down's syndrome diagnosis is given and thus, less people in a community so diverse, rich and wonderful, it would be a calamity to society as a whole.
If you have a story about a cause or campaign that needs to be heard, please get in touch today.


« You Make Your Own Luck, There is No Curse.
The best thing about a Monday holiday is that on Thursday you think it is Wednesday and Friday is here before you know it. I got home on Monday from a six day long trip to Chicago for work then to Charleston for pleasure. It was pouring down rain and I was so happy because I had the perfect excuse for laying on my couch all Monday afternoon with the fluffy puff and catching up on all my season finales. Seriously, Grey's Anatomy hit me kinda hard. NCIS left me hanging (I don't really like being left hanging all summer – wrap it up – I won't care that much in September).
On a sad note, someone stole part of my herb garden. I had three pots – one with mint (it was a BIG pot), one with Lavender (it was a MEDIUM size pot), and one with oregano (it is a LITTLE pot). I had these three pots on the side of my yard so they could get enough sun. Well, while I was gone, some one stole the two big pots. Which is weird if only because the BIG pot – I can barely pick up and carry ten feet. And I'm strong. And the other pot is heavy too. Plus the little pot was the actual thrown pottery pot of value, and the only one portable enough to carry off in your arms. And if they pulled a truck up and threw the big pots in the vehicle, why not take the little one? I don't get it. But now I'm fresh out of mint and lavender and my life is less complete. Sigh.
But on a happier note, I had an awesome new friend that I met during a period of logistical difficulty this past weekend send me a super awesome package that I got yesterday. It was amazing, and hopefully I will tell you more about the contents of the package in the future, if I can stop neglecting this blog.
I also got some fun mail on Tuesday, but I'll wait to tell you about that later. Suffice it to say, as cool as email and bbm and gchat can be, there is nothing better than pulling up to your house after work and seeing something interesting sticking out of your mailbox.
Yesterday and today have been the first truly hot and humid days we've had this summer. When I got in my car after work this afternoon, my sunglassess fogged up completely. I had to roll down the windows to unfog them.
This time every year I have to relearn my jogging routes that involve shade. My winter routes involve sunshine, so it's always an adjustment.
I had dinner tonight with Robin Anne – tomorrow is her birthday! HOORAY! HAPPY BIRTHDAY ROBIN ANNE! We had so much fun, it was a perfect evening.
YAWN! So happy tomorrow is Friday. Sweet dream friends.


text:
EA Home
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PodCastle 516d: 10th Anniversary Special, The Best of PodCastle #2 – Makeisha In Time
Author : Rachael K. Jones
Narrator : K. Tempest Bradford
Host : Khaalidah Muhammad-Ali
Audio Producer : Peter Wood
Originally published in Crossed Genres, Issue #20, August 2014. Read it here.
http://media.rawvoice.com/podcastle/p/media.libsyn.com/media/podcastle/PC516d_MakeishaInTime.mp3
Rated R: Contains violence.
Editors' note: This episode originally aired as PodCastle 345. We are reissuing it to celebrate PodCastle's 10th anniversary. This story was in second position in a listener vote that was held to determine PodCastle's most-loved episodes over the past decade.
Makeisha In Time
by Rachael K. Jones
Makeisha has always been able to bend the fourth dimension, though no one believes her. She has been a soldier, a sheriff, a pilot, a prophet, a poet, a ninja, a nun, a conductor (of trains and symphonies), a cordwainer, a comedian, a carpetbagger, a troubadour, a queen, and a receptionist. She has shot arrows, guns, and cannons. She speaks an extinct Ethiopian dialect with a perfect accent. She knows a recipe for mead that is measured in aurochs horns, and with a katana, she is deadly.
Her jumps happen intermittently. She will be yanked from the present without warning, and live a whole lifetime in the past. When she dies, she returns right back to where she left, restored to a younger age. It usually happens when she is deep in conversation with her boss, or arguing with her mother-in-law, or during a book club meeting just when it is her turn to speak. One moment, Makeisha is firmly grounded in the timeline of her birth, and the next, she is elsewhere. Elsewhen.
Makeisha has seen the sun rise over prehistoric shores, where the ocean writhed with soft, slimy things that bore the promise of dung beetles, Archeopteryx, and Edgar Allan Poe. She has seen the sun set upon long-forgotten empires. When Makeisha skims a map of the continents, she sees a fractured Pangaea. She never knows where she will jump next, or how long she will stay, but she is never afraid. Makeisha has been doing this all her life.
Categories: Podcasts, Rated R, The Best of PodCastle
Rachael K. Jones grew up in various cities across Europe and North America, picked up (and mostly forgot) six languages, and acquired several degrees in the arts and sciences. Now she writes speculative fiction in Portland, Oregon. Contrary to the rumors, she is probably not a secret android. Rachael is a World Fantasy Award nominee, Tiptree Award honoree, and winner of Writers of the Future. Her fiction has appeared in dozens of venues worldwide, including Lightspeed, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Strange Horizons, and all four Escape Artists podcasts. Follow her on Twitter @RachaelKJones.
Find more by Rachael K. Jones
About the Narrator
K. Tempest Bradford is a speculative fiction writer by night, a media critic and writing instructor by day, and a podcaster in the interstices. Her short fiction has appeared in multiple anthologies and magazines including Strange Horizons, Electric Velocipede, Diverse Energies, In the Shadow of the Towers, and many more. She's the host of ORIGINality, a podcast about the roots of creative genius, and contributes to several more. Her media criticism and reviews can be found on NPR, io9, and in books about Time Lords. When not writing, she teaches classes on writing inclusive fiction through LitReactor and WritingtheOther.com. Visit her blog at KtempestBradford.com and her Patreon at patreon.com/ktempestbradford.
Find more by K. Tempest Bradford
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: What is best solution to get next and previous month from given date php I want to get next and previous month from given date. this is my code.
$month = '2011-01-20';
$prevMOnth = funP($month);
$nextMonth = funN($month);
what is best solution to do that.

A: $next_month_ts = strtotime('2011-01-20 +1 month');
$prev_month_ts = strtotime('2011-01-20 -1 month');

$next_month = date('Y-m-d', $next_month_ts);
$prev_month = date('Y-m-d', $prev_month_ts);

A: Code mentioned before might not work in the end of months with 31 day (or March):
$prev_month_ts = strtotime('2011-01-20 -1 month');
This is a best solution to get name of previous month. Get this month first day's date, then subtract 1 day, then get month name:
date('F', strtotime('-1 day', strtotime(date('Y-m-01'))));

And get name of next month. Get this month last day's date, then add 1 day, then get month name:
date('F', strtotime('+1 day', strtotime(date('Y-m-t'))));

A: don't know if it's the best way to do it, but it's built into php, check out strtotime
EDIT:
sample code
$month = '2011-01-20';
$timestamp = strtotime ("+1 month",strtotime ($month));
$nextMonth  =  date("Y-m-d",$timestamp);

A: $date = "2012-01-25";
$priormonth = date ('m', strtotime ( '-1 month' , strtotime ( $date )));
$futuremonth = date ('m', strtotime ( '+1 month' , strtotime ( $date )));

echo $priormonth;  // this will equal 12
echo "<br/>";
echo $futuremonth;  // this will equal 02

A: The '-1 month' solution is unreliable when the month has 31 days (like ALeX inSide mentioned).
Here is a function that returns the date of any desired number of months before a given date: (it returns actually the 1st day's date)
function getAnyPreviousMonthDate( $monthsBefore = null, $startDate = null )
{
  $monthsBefore = $monthsBefore ?? 1; //php7
  $monthsBefore = abs($monthsBefore);
  $c = $startDate ?? date('Y-m-d');
  for($i==0; $i<$monthsBefore; $i++) {
     $c = date('Y-m-d', strtotime('first day of previous month '.$c));
  }
  return $c;
}

so if we calle this like:
echo getAnyPreviousMonthDate(3);
// we will get the first day of past 3 months from now
echo getAnyPreviousMonthDate(1, '2015-10-31');
// will return: '2015-09-01'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jonas King – Comedian ?
Hi, it is the boy from Barrystown, a trifle depressed this week as on Tuesday my little terrier, Dinny M–, now approaching his fourteenth birthday, had to go to the veterinary surgeon, with a predictable outcome: as I expected his heart is failing but I hope that with medication he may, at least, reach his fourteenth birthday. While extremely intelligent, he was hyper and too quick to erupt in snarling rages. His volatile disposition made him famous near and far. His breed of dog was developed in Wales, I think, to kill rats, in an era when rodents existed in intimidating numbers. It has been traditionally assumed that small animals such as dogs and cats demise at about twelve years but modern veterinary science now decrees that they do so generally because curable maladies are not treated. Blindness in old dogs may be, in some cases, at least, be averted by treating blood pressure, a predictable condition of advancing years. I know that all of my legions of readers will be hoping (and maybe praying) for my little dog in his challenging health condition.
In the late nineteenth century they published in the newspapers, lists of those who purchased dog licenses.
I am not certain that Jonas King of Barrystown (despite the prophecy of St Kevin of Kilcavan that gold and silver would always pursue the inhabitants of Barrystown; Jonas was not, I think, a native of Barrystown) was deluged in money. In the summer of 1857 he applied for the job of Coroner for the South Division of the County of Wexford, as did a large number of candidates—but the remuneration was less than spectacular. The appointment was by election of those who had the franchise (I think) resident in the specific Poor Law Union but not all of them voted: the task of getting to the County Court in Wexford town would put most of them off. In the event, a very high proportion of those qualified to vote did so; cars (presumably drawn by horses) were sent all South Co. Wexford to bring voters to this election.
At one o'clock the County Court was densely crowded but the "lovers of speechifying were much chagrined to learn that only two of the candidates would make their appearance in the arena and that very little exciting matter was to be expected."
There were only two candidates left and Mr John Nunn J. P. (Justice of the Peace) told the crown that he came to propose Mr Clement Roice but that since he had withdrawn his candidature, he would now propose Mr Jonas King—he continued, in a speech, that had a useful bit of etymology (look in your dictionary for meaning of that big word) plus history:–
"I know Mr King from his infancy and know him to be a gentleman, who possesses great intelligence, principle and integrity, all of which eminently qualify to discharge the duties of Coroner. He is a young man, but I trust he will have time enough to grow old in his office. Another consideration in the case of Mr King is that he lives in the centre of the district and when it is the Cesspayers who have to pay the Coroner's mileage, this matter is too important to be over-looked, as by having a person placed in the centre of his duties, the payment of mileage will be considerably less than it would otherwise be. ….The office of Coroner is one of the oldest under the Crown, it is, in fact, derived from the word "corona", or crown; the person filling it becomes invested with judicial functions and to discharge his duties properly, he should possess sagacity, intelligence and integrity. If I did not know Mr King to possess those qualities, I would not come here to-day to propose him as a fit and proper person to be elected Coroner (hear, hear)."
Jonas did not possess, in my judgement, sagacity: he was too hot-headed and not sufficiently appreciative of nuance and finer legal distinctions. Mr Nunn cleverly emphasised the judicial aspect of the office of Coroner—Jonas was a Justice of the Peace or magistrate.
Mr Tom Mayler, presumably of or related to the Harriestown, Ballymitty family, then proposed Dr W. C. Ryan. Both candidates were required to verify their statements of property qualifications by oath.
Jonas then addressed the crowd, a brief but not necessarily succinct speech; his lack of an elegant education dictated the brevity of it (I think):–
"Mr King then said—Gentlemen Electors of the Southern Division of the County of the CountyWexford: I shall only detain you by very few words. If elected you may depend on me doing my duty to the utmost of my power; and as I live in a central position, some expenses will be saved to the cesspayer in travelling charges. My experience as a Magistrate, I trust, will aid me in the investigations consequent on the office which I seek—and as I am sure the Electors will act fairly and
impartially in choosing him whom they conceive will best serve the interests of the community, I shall leave myself in their hands, fully confident of a successful result and resolved to poll to the last man (cheers).
Dr Ryan adroitly pushed his own best quality to be the Coroner:–
"Mr King has given a statement of the qualifications which he considers fit him for the office of Coroner and I do not intend to contradict him—but I hope you will permit me to say, on my own behalf, that I believe the knowledge and practice of a Medical man are not to be disregarded and that without any invidious rivalry they may be put fairly in competition with the claims of the Magistrate or the mere country gentleman (hear, hear). I have the honour to belong to the medical profession, and besides that, I have been put forward on the popular interest. There were three of the popular party, but owing to the systematic arrangement two other gentlemen have withdrawn and the contest now rests between Mr King and myself. Such being the case, I think I may therefore place myself in your hands with a fair prospect of success from your support and I firmly hope that all will be terminated without owing anything to sectarian feeling or landlord influence (hear, hear). I say this, without reference to, or consulting the opinions of others, and merely on my own part, and should I be, as I confidently hope I will, the person of your choice, I pledge myself to the discharge of the duties of the office so as to prove myself worthy of the support you have so kindly offered me (hear, hear, hear)."
The popular party who favoured Dr Ryan would be a loose combination of the Liberal or Whig party plus the Tenant Right agitators: all these would be supported by the Catholic community—thus victory would as a matter of probability go the candidate of the popular party. Dr Ryan deliberately, if tactfully, distanced himself from the Magistrates and country gentlemen.
The first day's polling was on the Friday at the sole polling place, the County Court House; and the results at four o'clock indicated trends in the election. King had a majority of 136 to 40 (for Dr Ryan) in the barony of Bargy; in the barony of Shelburne, King had a majority of 173 to 45. Dr Ryan had majorities in barony of Forth, 136 to 40; Dr Ryan had a majority of 129 to 73 in Shilmalier West; Dr Ryan had a majority of 54 to 43 in the barony of Shilmalier East and in the barony of Bantry he had a majority of 128 to 34 (for King). It would seem that the votes for Jonas King came from areas where he or relatives had tenants. Nevertheless at the end of the first day's polling King had an overall majority of 22.
The People newspaper gave a superb account of the voting on Saturday, the second day of polling:–
"The polling was resumed at the County Court House at eight o'clock on Saturday morning and continued actively during the greater part of the day. The majority obtained by Mr King on Friday was speedily lessened by Dr Ryan on this day, who kept the lead to the close of the proceedings. There was a greater degree of local interest in reference to this Coronership, than was experienced at the County Election; landlords and agents were understood to working actively and not very constitutionally on the part of Mr King, while the personal friends of Dr Ryan were indefatigable in his behalf, and as the contest, in some degree, assumed a religious complexion, the sympathies of the people were to a large degree enlisted on behalf of the professor of the ancient faith."
In translation, the Catholic voters wanted to vote for Dr Ryan.
The previous Coroner Travers Robert Hawkshaw, while of the Established Church (Protestant), was of the Liberal or Whig disposition and had supported Catholic Emancipation and opposed the tithes (even though his father and brother had been clergymen). He would have ample support from Catholic Electors. The Richard King would not have been noted for his support of the interests of the Catholic community, to put it mildly. He was a decent man but not a flaming radical.
2, 159 votes were polled out of an available constituency of about 2, 500; not more than 400 electors did not exercise their franchise. The People added—
"Several were no doubt indifferent as to the result of the struggle and but that cars were sent out extensively through the district, the voters would not have numbered so strong as they did."
As the election campaign closed placards were placed all over Wexford town with "a vile and calumnious attack on the Rev. Richard King, the respected father of Mr Jonas King, one of the candidates for the Coronership." Dr Ryan had a notice inserted in The Wexford Independent repudiating the message on the placards. In election campaigns, the coarser elements in Irish society engaged in unsavoury and sometimes, violent activity. They were usually intoxicated with drink bought for them by the supporters of rival candidates.
On the following Monday morning the Sub-Sheriff attended to tot up the books and declaring the Coroner. There was a limited attendance of the public; Dr Ryan and some of his friends were present but predictably, Jonas King, nor anyone on his behalf, did not appear.
At eleven o'clock the Sheriff rose from his seat on the bench and announced the result of the poll, which was as follows:–
For Dr Ryan…..1, 170
For Mr King….989
Majority for Dr Ryan….181.
The People on Saturday April 9th 1881 reported that on the previous Thursday the Sub-Sheriff, Mr Wilkinson, at the County Courthouse, Wexford, put up for auction farms on which the landlords had obtained decrees to evict from the courts. These auctions usually were a boisterous comedy as tenants bought back their farms for the rent arrears plus the legal charges. The landlords usually had a person present in the court to bid up the price of each farm until a bid equal to the aggregate amount of rent arrears and legal charges was made. The Land League were superb at their brand of toxic humour and these occasions were not pleasant places for agents of landlords to be. On this occasion things got totally inverted: on a day when humour was in meagre supply, Jonas King of Barriestown, had turned up to bid against the tenants—and he was, also, the star comic turn; he should have done comedy (like the district justice in one of John Mc Gahern's wonderful novels) as his day job! This is what the People reported:–
"There was no excitement whatsoever exhibited by the crowd and the whole proceeding would have been dull and prosy enough, were it not enlivened, somewhat by the quips and vagaries of Jonas King who, thinking no doubt, that the Sub-Sheriff was desirous of securing a speaking likeness of his veritable self, pulled a photo out of his pocket, and presented it to Mr Wilson. "Here, Wilkinson, I was about half-drunk, when that was taken" said the generous donor, as he handed the card to the Sub-Sheriff: "Here's a picture of mad Jonas King." The Sub-Sheriff thanked the ex-J. P. for his gift and the card was then handed around the court. As the Sub-Sheriff commenced an explanation of the sale, Mr King then provoked the laughter of the crowd by shouting "Silence! You'll waken the baby" and when Mr Wilkinson said—"Now the auctioneer may proceed with the sale", Jonas again exclaimed, "Is he drunk, too?" At a later stage Jonas after bidding £5, said he would go asleep.
Jonas at that stage had a few months left on this earth. The signs are that he was alcoholic; he had spoken in circa 1849 at the opening of the new harbour at Kilmore about how he would not be separated from his tumbler after it was noticed that his father, the Rev. Richard King had gone home. I am unable to confidently respond to his gesture in showing a photograph of himself: was a photograph a rare novelty in that era? Was this a sign of alcoholic foolishness? He was ever a rough and ready man but with a touch of ready wit. He detested the Land League. On the 19th of March 1881, The People reported a most unprecedented outrage in Taghmon:–
"On Wednesday last Mr Jonas King went about this neighbourhood with a revolver in his hand, asking every one he met was he a Land Leaguer; and if he said he was, he (Jonas) would swear his G—he would shoot him, and in one instance, he did fire. I am told a prosecution is pending—A Correspondent". That is Jonas King, for ye!
They had races on the Bannow Strand in early February 1864. It was an exceedingly fine day and in a pony race Pat Colfer's of Danescastle, pony, ridden "in quite artistic fashion by young Hanlon of Carrig " after dead heats eventually won from that of John Colfer of Newtown. But our focus on this occasion is on Jonas King at the races:–
"The racing was all over by half-past two o'clock and when three o'clock came the dismantling of the tents took place, which was carried out with the greatest good-will by the proprietors the moment the order was given for so doing by Mr Jonas King J. P. and the efficient body of Constabulary on the ground. The crowd dispersed very quietely, there being scarcely any symptoms of intoxication, and wherever there was any loud or angry talk, Mr King charged on his powerful steed, and made the malcontents skedaddle instanter. In fact, the 11th Hussars, and Lord Cardigan at their head, would not disperse a refractory crowd as well as Mr King, and he deserves great credit for it—especially as he did not hurt a hair of any man's head."
Drunken and consequently rowdy and violent crowds at race meetings, sports gathering, fairs etc were a grotesque and lethal nuisance. Men in that era were prone to bouts of impetuous violence; may even have felt obliged to fight violently (or threaten to do so) to prove their masculinity. For most of them that may have been the only way of proving masculinity as their impoverished circumstances rendered marriage unlikely and if attained a living hell (due to the desperate shortage of money).
In the nineteenth the Catholic clergy supervised many public events to discourage violent affrays, with much success. The Royal Irish Constabulary also, sought to prevent such fighting. But the law enforcement style of Jonas King at Bannow strand was illegal: he wrongly assumed that as a Magistrate he could roughly compel boisterous youngsters to behave themselves. In the nineteenth century Irish society was increasingly subject to the rule of statute law, that is law enacted by Parliament and written. The law was the same for all. The correct legal response to rowdyism on Bannow strand would be for the Constabulary to summon the offenders to appear before the Petty Sessions in Duncormack and to be charged as having breached a particular law. Circa 1855 Jonas arrested an Enniscorthy butcher at the fair in Taghmon for not paying him for a cow that he sold to him. Martin, the Enniscorthy butcher, sued Jonas for wrongful arrest and Jonas had to pay £50 compensation to him. The court found that he acted without any legal authority. Magistrates in previous centuries had been much freer to act but the setting up of the Irish Constabulary post 1830 was meant to excise all arbitrary actions by Magistrates—the Constabulary represented a stage in attaining greater civil rights of the citizen and equality before the law. In February 1864 Jonas King acted without proper authority, and assumed that ancient traditions of the power of a magistrate enabled him to do so: he was wrong, mistaken and anachronistic in his legal logic.
In my next blog I will get around to quoting a letter by Dr Richard Long of Arthurstown Dispensary and FeverHospital on hydrophobia or rabies to the Dublin Journal of Medical Science in August 1836. Dr Long, in fairness to him, had no confidence in the prevailing methods of treating this "direful disease"; rabies was spread by infected dogs who became mad and dangerous under its influence. The methods of responding to the disease as outlined by Dr Long would certainly ensure that the people of that era would be most loath to demand an extension of the health services.
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Cockles for the Cowled Monks Supper
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Everything starts with the first stone laid
Maje First Stone capsule collection is our first step towards more responsible and eco-friendly fashion.
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text:
Home » Blogs » nandi's blog » Troodon
Dinosaurs – Species Encycolpedia
Troodon is a dubious genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaurs known definitively from the Campanian age of the Cretaceous period (about 77 mya). It includes at least one species, Troodon formosus, known from Montana. Discovered in October 1855, T. formosus was among the first dinosaurs found in North America, although it was thought to be a lizard until 1877. Several well-known troodontid specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta were once believed to be members of this genus. However, recent analyses in 2017 have found the genus to be undiagnostic and referred some of these specimens to the genus Stenonychosaurus (long believed to be synonymous with Troodon) and others to the newly created genus Latenivenatrix.
The genus name is Greek for "wounding tooth", referring to the teeth, which were different from those of most other theropods known at the time of their discovery. The teeth bear prominent, apically oriented serrations. These "wounding" serrations, however, are morphometrically more similar to those of herbivorous reptiles, and suggest a possibly omnivorous diet.
The name was originally spelled Troödon (with a diaeresis) by Joseph Leidy in 1856, which was officially amended to its current status by Sauvage in 1876. The type specimen of Troodon has caused problems with classification, as the entire genus is based only on a single tooth from the Judith River Formation. Troodon has historically been a highly unstable classification and has been the subject of numerous conflicting synonymies with similar theropod specimens.
The Troodon tooth was originally classified as a "lacertilian" (lizard) by Leidy, but reassigned as a megalosaurid dinosaur by Nopcsa in 1901 (Megalosauridae having historically been a wastebin taxon for most carnivorous dinosaurs). In 1924, Gilmore suggested that the tooth belonged to the herbivorous pachycephalosaur Stegoceras, and that Stegoceras was in fact a junior synonym of Troodon (the similarity of troodontid teeth to those of herbivorous dinosaurs continues to lead many paleontologists to believe that these animals were omnivores). The classification of Troodon as a pachycephalosaur was followed for many years, during which the family Pachycephalosauridae was known as Troodontidae. In 1945, Charles Mortram Sternberg rejected the possibility that Troodon was a pachycephalosaur due to its stronger similarity to the teeth of other carnivorous dinosaurs. With Troodon now classified as a theropod, the family Troodontidae could no longer be used for the dome-headed dinosaurs, so Sternberg named a new family for them, Pachycephalosauridae.
The first specimens assigned to Troodon that were not teeth were both found by Sternberg in the early 1930s, in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta. The first was named Stenonychosaurus inequalis by Sternberg in 1932, based on a foot, fragments of a hand, and some tail vertebrae. A remarkable feature of these remains was the enlarged claw on the second toe, which is now recognized as characteristic of early paravians. Sternberg initially classified Stenonychosaurus as a member of the family Coeluridae. The second, a partial lower jaw bone, was described by Gilmore (1932) as a new species of lizard which he named Polyodontosaurus grandis. Later, in 1951, Sternberg recognized P. grandis as a possible synonym of Troodon, and speculated that since Stenonychosaurus had a "very peculiar pes" and Troodon "equally unusual teeth", they may be closely related. Unfortunately, no comparable specimens were available at that time to test the idea. In a recent revision of the material by van der Reest & Currie, Polyodontosaurus was determined to be a nomen dubium, not fit fot synonymy with other taxa.
Troodon is considered to be one of the most derived members of its family. Along with Zanabazar, Saurornithoides and Talos it forms a clade of specialized troodontids.
One study was based on multiple Troodon teeth that have been collected from Late Cretaceous deposits from northern Alaska. These teeth are much larger than those collected from more southern sites, providing evidence that northern Alaskan populations of Troodon grew to larger average body size. This study also provides an analysis of the proportions and wear patterns of a large sample of Troodon teeth. It proposes that the wear patterns of all Troodon teeth suggest a diet of soft foods - inconsistent with bone chewing, invertebrate exoskeletons, or tough plant items. This study hypothesizes a diet primarily consisting of meat.
The type specimen of Troodon formosus was found in the Judith River Formation of Montana. The rocks of the Judith River Formation are equivalent in age with the Oldman Formation of Alberta, which has been dated to between 77.5 and 76.5 million years ago.
Source: www.wikipedia.org / www.natgeo.com
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text:
Oklahoma Supreme Court puts on hold two abortion laws pending constitutional challenges
by Nolan Clay & Rick Green
Published: Wed, November 5, 2014 12:00 AM
Oklahoma abortion restriction is similar to one blocked in Mississippi Oklahoma Senate Oks limits on abortion drug
A longtime abortion doctor Tuesday reopened his Norman clinic after the Oklahoma Supreme Court put on hold a new law that he is challenging.
Dr. Larry A. Burns closed the clinic Monday, after the law went into effect Saturday.
In opinions released Tuesday morning, justices unanimously blocked enforcement of two new laws regulating abortions until constitutional challenges are "fully and finally litigated."
Each challenge is now pending before an Oklahoma County district judge. Any ruling there almost certainly will be appealed, meaning each law could be on hold for more than a year until it is upheld or thrown out.
"The attorney general's office will defend these constitutional laws from the challenge of out-of-state abortion supporters," said Aaron Cooper, director of communications for Attorney General Scott Pruitt.
"As we've maintained all along, the Oklahoma Legislature was well within its authority to enact these laws to protect the health and safety of Oklahoma women," Cooper said.
Burns, who does almost half the abortions in Oklahoma, complained the first new law would force him to shutter the clinic he founded 40 years ago. He is challenging the part of that law requiring an abortion clinic to have present a doctor who has permission to admit a patient to a nearby hospital if something goes wrong.
Burns applied for admitting privileges at 16 hospitals within 30 miles of the clinic after Gov. Mary Fallin signed the law in May. As of Friday, he had not been accepted and only had two applications still pending, his attorneys said.
A Tulsa clinic called Reproductive Services and a nonprofit group called Oklahoma Coalition for Reproductive Justice challenged the other abortion law. They complain it requires them to administer abortion-inducing drugs following methods considered outdated and less safe and effective.
Part of the second law requires abortion doctors to follow U.S. Food and Drug Administration protocols in giving drugs to end pregnancies. Most doctors do not.
In blocking enforcement of the new laws, the justices noted they were expressing no opinion on their validity.
Making the challenges on behalf of the plaintiffs is the Center for Reproductive Rights. The New York-based legal advocacy organization has won legal fights before against abortion restrictions in Oklahoma.
"The Oklahoma Supreme Court handed the women of Oklahoma a crucial victory by protecting their constitutional rights and restoring critical options for those seeking safe and legal abortion services," Nancy Northup, president of the Center for Reproductive Rights, said Tuesday.
"Time and time again, courts are seeing that the true motive behind these underhanded and baseless restrictions is to push essential reproductive health care services out of reach for as many women as possible."
A co-author of the laws said Tuesday's Supreme Court action "really looks to me like a knee-jerk reaction."
"It will go back to the trial court to make a determination on constitutionality," said Rep. Randy Grau, R-Edmond.
"I am sure either side will appeal whatever the ruling is and hopefully we can get some good, deep thinking from our state Supreme Court on this issue."
Nolan Clay
Nolan Clay was born in Oklahoma and has worked as a reporter for The Oklahoman since 1985. He covered the Oklahoma City bombing trials and witnessed bomber Tim McVeigh's execution. His investigative reports have brought down public officials,... Read more ›
Rick Green is the Capitol Bureau Chief of The Oklahoman. A graduate of Humboldt State University in Arcata, Calif., he worked as news editor for The Associated Press in Oklahoma City before joining The Oklahoman. Read more ›
CommentsOklahoma Supreme Court puts on hold two abortion laws pending constitutional challenges


Had mentioned that long trade for the day will get triggered on sustaining above 26515 and short trade for the day will get triggered on sustaining below 26370 . Bank Nifty triggered our long trade and did just 1 target .
As mentioned " Now in this week Bank Nifty needs to break and sustain / close above 26190 to test 26390 - 26440 initially and above it we can see a test of 26610 - 26800 . Similarly Bank Nifty needs to break and sustain / close below 25810 to test 25610 - 25560 initially and below it we can see a test of 25390 - 25200.", and today Bank Nifty confirmed our weekly long trade and completed our initial target of 26390 - 26440 with a high of 26491.25 . Now it needs to sustain above 26440 in the coming session to make a move towards 26610 - 26800 .
As mentioned "For the month of November , further longs will get confirmed with a consecutive close above 25850 for a initial target of 26355 - 26515 and sustaining / closing above it we can see a further test of 27045 - 27630 . Similarly , shorts will get confirmed with a consecutive close below 24570 for a initial target of 23950 - 23795 and sustaining / closing below it we can see a further move till 23265 - 22680 ." , and Bank Nifty today made a high of 26584.95 still holding above 25850 above our initial expected levels of 26355 - 26515 .
Now in the coming session Bank Nifty needs to break and sustain above 26530 to test 26605 - 26620 initially and sustaining above it we can see a further upmove till 26685 - 26755. Similarly breaking and sustaining below 26385 we can see a test of 26315 - 26295 initially and sustaining below it we can see a further correction till 26230 - 26160.


Rare gold coin in capsule. Sellers: Get your own map today. The item "Italian States Naples & Sicily 40 Lire, 1813" is in sale since Thursday, November 10, 2016.
This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Europe\Italy, San Marino, Vatican\Italian States (up to 1861)". The seller is "eiri-mell" and is located in Kvaloysletta, default. This item can be shipped worldwide.


text:
Josef Kronsteiner (auch Joseph Kronsteiner; * 15. Februar 1910 in Losenstein; † 15. Mai 1988 in Linz) war ein österreichischer römisch-katholischer Geistlicher und Kirchenmusiker. Er wirkte besonders als Komponist, Domkapellmeister und war Professor am Bruckner-Konservatorium in Linz.

Leben
Josef Kronsteiner wuchs mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Hermann Kronsteiner in einer musikalischen Familie auf. Nach dem Besuch des Kollegium Petrinum studierte er am Priesterseminar in Linz, wo er seit 1931 Musikpräfekt und Obmann der liturgischen Sektion war. 1933 empfing er das Sakrament der Priesterweihe für die Diözese Linz. Er war zunächst Kaplan in Pabneukirchen und anschließend Lehrer und Musikpräfekt am Petrinum. Daneben studierte er am Anton Bruckner-Konservatorium und an der Wiener Musikakademie.

Seit 1943 Domkapellmeister in Linz, war Kronsteiner auch Dozent am Linzer Priesterseminar und Mitglied der Linzer Diözesankommission für Kirchenmusik. Als Priester wirkte er an der Linzer Minoritenkirche und als Gegner der Liturgiereform feierte er weiterhin die Tridentinische Messe. Joseph Kronsteiner war 38 Jahre lang Domkapellmeister in Linz. Die Brüder Kronsteiner waren auch mit Joseph Ratzinger und Georg Ratzinger freundschaftlich verbunden.

Werke (Auswahl)
 Florian-Messe (Gotteslob Nr. 134–136 (ohne Gloria), Gotteslob (1975) Nr. 429–432)
 Christkindelmesse für Soli, Chor und Orgel
 Kreuzweg für gemischen Chor (1955)

Literatur
 Helmut Zöpfl: Josef Kronsteiner. Der Chormeister. Edition Innsalz, Aspach 2003, ISBN 3-901535-76-4.
 Maximilian Aichern: In memoriam Joseph Kronsteiner. Predigt beim Pontifikal-Requiem am Donnerstag, 19. Mai 1988, um 19 Uhr im Neuen Dom zu Linz. In: Neues Archiv für die Geschichte der Diözese Linz. Jahrgang 7, Linz 1991/92, S. 163–165 ().

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Komponist (Österreich)
Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Domkapellmeister
Österreicher
Geboren 1910
Gestorben 1988
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
History of Bronchoscopy: The Evolution of Interventional Pulmonology
Fig. 39.1
Gustav Killian—the father of bronchoscopy
Gustav Killian performing bronchoscopy
A direct ocular mechanism consisting of an illumination and suction tubing attached to a rigid bronchoscope was developed by a Philadelphia-based otolaryngologist, Chevalier Jackson (1904) (Figs. 39.3, 39.4 and 39.5). This is considered to be the precursor of the modern-day rigid bronchoscopes. Dr. Jackson became renowned in his time for extracting aspirated or swallowed foreign bodies from children and adults. He kept meticulous records of every object he removed to help other doctors learn his techniques. The Mütter Museum in Philadelphia displays 2374 objects recovered by Dr. Jackson during his 75-year-long career. He conducted numerous hands-on training courses which were instrumental in increasing the acceptance of bronchoscopy. The Pan-American Association of Otolaryngology and the International Bronchoesophagology Society were founded by Dr. Jackson. In 1907, he published the first systematic textbook on bronchoesophagology and dedicated it to Killian, the "father of bronchoscopy" [ 7 ]. Notable mention for other contributors who provided their valuable service in developing the field of bronchoscopy is as follows: Edwin Broyles who developed an optical telescope with forward viewing, Paul H. Holinger for bronchoscopic photography, Neel and Sanderson for endobronchial cryotherapy, Laforet for the use of a CO2 laser on the trachea in 1976, and Hooper and Jackson for endobronchial electrosurgery in 1985 [ 8 ].
Chevalier Jackson—the father of American bronchoesophagology
The first illuminated rigid bronchoscope introduced by Chevalier Jackson
Chevalier Jackson working in a watermill to construct rigid bronchoscope
The Rigid Bronchoscope (1897–)
Killian's descriptions regarding bronchoscopic examination of the proximal airways were critical in providing inspiration to his coworkers Von Eiken, Brunings, Seiffert, and Albrecht who worked on further development of the rigid bronchoscope. Storz and Wolf became the two pivotal companies that introduced newer technologies and newer versions of the rigid bronchoscope. On the other hand, the development of rigid bronchoscopy in the United States was brought about by Chevalier Jackson with his instrument maker, George Pilling. The next task at hand was the development of telescopic optics for bronchoscopy. This was accomplished by E. Broyles, who had trained under the mentorship of Dr. Jackson (1940). He then also went on to introduce the optical forceps in 1948 followed by fiber illumination techniques in 1962. The use of rigid bronchoscopy had declined since creation of the flexible bronchoscope until special tools for stent placement and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser application was invented by J.-F. Dumon. The use of rigid bronchoscopy has since regained prominence, particularly for advanced therapeutic bronchoscopy [ 8 ].
The Flexible Bronchoscope (1968–)
The potential of fiber-optic imaging in bronchoscopy was first recognized by Shigeto Ikeda (1962), a thoracic surgeon at the National Cancer Center in Japan (Fig. 39.6). He approached the Machida Corporation to develop a flexible bronchoscope with a diameter of less than 6 mm. In 1964, the prototype device was developed, which since then has undergone numerous revisions. In 1966, the first useful device was presented at Copenhagen in 1966. This device comprising over 15,000 glass fibers was the first modern-day fiber-optic bronchoscope [ 9 ].
Shigeto Ikeda with flexible bronchoscope
After the optical technology was incorporated, the next round of modifications involved the adoption of a working channel. This Machida flexible bronchoscope became available in 1968, which is known as the year of the "second revolution" in bronchoscopy. Researchers further revised the bronchoscope to make it more maneuverable at the tip that allows U-turn angulation for entry into the upper lobes. Olympus first came out with its model in 1970 with better imaging capabilities as well as ease of handling [ 9 ].
The first video bronchoscope developed by Asahi Pentax Corporation (1967) also involved significant contributions from Shigeto Ikeda [ 9 ]. Today, video bronchoscopy is an integral part of the practice of chest medicine as most ailments of the airways can be diagnosed, palliated, or sometimes cured by use of the flexible bronchoscope. Although removal of foreign bodies from the endobronchial tree was the initial application for the rigid bronchoscope, currently the majority of foreign bodies, even in the pediatric age group, are successfully removed with the flexible bronchoscope in a relatively noninvasive fashion [ 10 ].
Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (1972) (Fig. 39.7)
Howard Anderson recognized the potential of accessing and sampling the lung parenchyma through the bronchoscope for histological analysis. After gaining some animal data with initial experiments, they reported their experience in obtaining bronchoscopic biopsies using a flexible forceps in 13 patients [ 11 ]. A subsequent larger series was published by Anderson and Fontana reporting data on 450 patients [ 12 ]. All biopsies performed by Anderson and colleagues were done using a flexible forceps passed through a rigid bronchoscope. These forceps were 60 cm in length and 7F in circumference. They also explained how they would engage a tiny peripheral bronchial carina with moderate pressure to obtain a small biopsy of the lung without causing a pneumothorax from pleural rupture. The rate of pneumothorax was 19% in the first 150 patients and 11% in the next 300 patients [ 12 ]. Though this technique of lung biopsy was developed and utilized through the rigid bronchoscope, it is now standard of care to use a flexible bronchoscope for this sampling procedure. Transbronchial lung biopsies are standard of care in the diagnostic work-up of a variety of lung diseases and are an inherent part of caring for lung transplant recipients [ 13 , 14 ].
Howard Anderson—inventor of the transbronchial biopsy
Flexible Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (1978–)
The idea of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) through the rigid bronchoscope was first proposed by Eduardo Schieppati (1958). He proposed that this technique can be accomplished by passing a needle through a rigid bronchoscope to puncture the main carina and sample mediastinal lymph nodes [ 15 ]. This concept was furthered by the work of Oho and colleagues [ 16 ]. The first report of sampling paratracheal tumors and masses was published in 1978 by Ko-Pen Wang (Fig. 39.8) [ 17 ]. He successfully accomplished this technique via flexible bronchoscopy. He then further refined the technique by introducing a needle for histological specimen collection to help in diagnosing benign pathologies [ 18 , 19 ]. Conventional TBNA (C-TBNA) which was commonly used in the 1980s and 1990s has paved the way for the development of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) which uses ultrasound technology via a probe at the apex of the scope to perform TBNA under direct visualization with ultrasonic images.
Ko-Pen Wang—the inventor of the flexible TBNA
Laser Therapy (1981–)
The technique of delivering laser light with a wavelength of 1064 nm via a flexible quartz filament was reported by Lucien Toty and colleagues in 1981. They first reported the use of this Nd:YAG laser in the airways through a rigid bronchoscope [ 20 ]. This laser beam had the potential to coagulate or vaporize endobronchial lesions and abnormalities. The technique of using laser photo resection in patients with either malignant or benign lesions of the airway was further refined by J.-F. Dumon who also played a vital role in developing the techniques of airway stenting. He is considered the father of interventional pulmonology, and he propagated the use of endobronchial use of laser to bronchoscopists worldwide.
Endobronchial Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) (1994–)
The year 1994 saw a newer mode of electrosurgical, noncontact, thermal ablation technique by using ionized argon gas (argon plasma). This pioneering modality was introduced by Grund and colleagues [ 21 ]. With this technique, 102 patients were treated endoscopically in 189 sessions with APC in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract as well as in the respiratory system. Lesions treated were mainly malignant and benign tumors, diffuse hemorrhages of various origins and sites, tissue overgrowth after stent implantation, tissue remnants after endoscopic resections, and the conditioning of fistulas prior to fibrin sealing. APC was easy and effective in all cases via flexible bronchoscopy with minimal technical or other complications over standard electrocoagulation. Endobronchial APC currently offers the simplicity and low cost of an electrocoagulator with the noncontact approach of an Nd:YAG laser. The noncontact feature of APC allows rapid coagulation with minimal manipulation and mechanical trauma to the target tissue [ 22 ].
Endobronchial Stents (1990–)
The very first stent implantation was accomplished by Trendelenburg and Bond for the treatment of central airway strictures [ 23 , 24 ]. This technique has made rapid progress since 1965.
Montgomery designed the first T-tube with an external side limb made of silicone for tracheal stenosis [ 25 ]. J.-F. Dumon achieved a major breakthrough in airway stenting when he introduced a dedicated tracheobronchial prosthesis. This stent has a unique external surface with studs to preserve mucociliary action [ 26 ]. Since most pulmonologists in the United States are not trained in rigid bronchoscopy for stent placement, the utility of such stents has been limited. On the other hand, flexible bronchoscopy to place metallic stents is relatively easy but results in a significant amount of granulation tissue. This tissue reaction makes removal of these stents very challenging including possibility of airway laceration. Thus, their role is limited mainly to malignant processes, and they are the treatment of choice for bronchial dehiscence, especially after lung transplantation [ 27 ]. The ideal stent is one that is "easy to insert and remove, can be customized to fit the dimensions and shape of a stricture, reestablishes luminal patency by resisting compressive forces but is sufficiently elastic to conform to airway contours without causing ischemia or erosion into adjacent structures, is not prone to migration, biocompatible, nonirritating, and does not precipitate infection, promote granulation tissue, nor interferes with airway ciliary action necessary to clear secretions, and that is affordable" [ 28 ].
That ideal stent does not yet exist [ 28 ]. At present, highly specialized technology including three-dimensional printing with advanced radiographics is being employed to device stents specific for each patient's individual airway anatomy [ 29 ].
Bronchoscopy in Lung Transplantation (1992–)
Since 1986 when the first lung transplant was performed, about 50,000 transplants have been performed in the United States for end-stage lung diseases. The most common complications post-lung transplant are infection and rejection. Both these broad diagnostic categories cannot be narrowed upon without flexible bronchoscopy. Hence, the success of lung transplantation, however, cannot be imagined without the use of the flexible bronchoscope. This argument is supported by the study by Trulock and colleagues where they found a surprisingly high incidence of acute rejection in asymptomatic lung transplant recipients undergoing transbronchial biopsy [ 30 ]. The sensitivity of transbronchial lung biopsy was estimated at 72% for the diagnosis of acute rejection and 91% for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Surveillance bronchoscopy is performed in the first year after transplant in many lung transplant programs because the incidence of acute rejection resulting in graft dysfunction is highest in this period. Some others perform flexible bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies only when clinically indicated (i.e., drop in lung function or new radiographic abnormalities). Nevertheless, both approaches aim to detect subclinical, clinical acute cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection. Flexible bronchoscopy is also crucial in the diagnosis and management of airway complications after lung transplantation [ 31 ].
Radial Probe Ultrasound (1992–) (Fig. 39.9)
C-TBNA demonstrated the ability to access and sample mediastinal lymph nodes. However, the anatomy of the bronchial tree and associated vasculature makes direct visualization of structures quiet important, especially in the paratracheal regions and the hila. Ultrasound technology has made it possible to noninvasively assess most regions of the body. This concept led investigators to pursue real-time target visualization at the time of sampling. It was the pioneering work of Heinrich Becker that brought to fore the immense potential of applying ultrasound technology to the endobronchial region. This led to the development of EBUS of endobronchial ultrasound to guide sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes and parenchymal lesions [ 32 ]. Hurter and Hanrath first reported the usefulness of radial probe EBUS (RP-EBUS) in 74 patients with central lesions and 26 patients with parenchymal lesions in consecutive procedures [ 33 ]. Although RP-EBUS continues to play a pivotal role in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions, a major limitation of RP-EBUS, however, is that after localizing the lesion, sampling is still performed in a blind fashion. Investigators have however worked on other technologies to localize pulmonary masses and use real-time sampling in addition to RP-EBUS. This limitation has paved the way for the development of the convex probe EBUS [ 34 ].
Heinrich Becker—promoter of the radial probe EBUS
Convex Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound (2004–)
Convex probe ultrasound was developed as an attempt to utilize real-time ultrasound technology to sample mediastinal lymph nodes and lung lesions. The distal end of the EBUS bronchoscope has a larger diameter than a flexible bronchoscope, with an angulated forward view at a 30 degree inclination (Fig. 39.10). This is necessary for imaging the lymph nodes and lung lesions and anchoring the scope to the airway while the needle comes out of a slightly proximal opening. The field of bronchoscopy imported the concept of linear probe ultrasound endoscopes from gastroenterology, after they were developed to sample paraesophageal lesions under real-time guidance. Pedersen and colleagues first described the usefulness of linear EBUS in sampling mediastinal lesions in 1996 [ 35 ]. Kazuhiro Yasufuku and colleagues (Fig. 39.11) first demonstrated the high diagnostic yield of the convex probe EBUS (CP-EBUS) in sampling mediastinal lesions [ 36 ]. Both studies reported a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% for distinguishing between malignant and nonmalignant lesions [ 37 ]. Currently, CP-EBUS has become standard of care for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer as well as the diagnostic work-up of sarcoidosis and interstitial lung diseases [ 38 , 39 ]. As shown in the granuloma trial, CP-EBUS-TBNA alone has been shown to have a high diagnostic yield for sarcoidosis. The yield is even higher when transbronchial lung biopsies are performed to complement it [ 40 ]. Thus, CP-EBUS has almost replaced surgical mediastinoscopy with a less invasive option.
Rigid Bronchoscopy
Reopening the Airway: Fast Methods
Overview of the Spectrum of Chest Tubes with Focus on the Tunneled Pleural Catheter: Disease-Specific Selection
Endobronchial Brachytherapy
Mediastinoscopy, Its Variants and Transcervical Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy
Tracheobronchial Anatomy
Pleural Anatomy: a Pathological and Surgical Perspective
Bronchoscopy and Interventional Pulmonology
Tags: Interventions in Pulmonary Medicine 2nd
Jan 15, 2018 | Posted by admin in RESPIRATORY | Comments Off on History of Bronchoscopy: The Evolution of Interventional Pulmonology


text:
Q: MassTransit 6.3.2 Consumer is never called when using IBusControl.ConnectConsumer When I attach consumers during intial message bus config, the consumers are called as expected.
When I attach the consumers after bus config, using ConnectConsumer the consumers are never called; The temporary queue/exchange is created, but it doesn't seen to know of the consumers that are supposed to be attached to that queue.
There is another service/consumer on the bus that is receiving Request messages being published here and publishing Response messages that should be consumed here.
Any idea why this is not working?
NOTE: I know that the "preferred" way of connecting consumers to the bus in the bus config (as in the working example); this is not an option for me as in practice, the bus is being creating/configed in a referenced assembly and the end-user programmers that are adding consumers to the bus do not have access to the bus configuration method. This is something that used to be trivial in version 2; it seems later version make such usecases much more difficult - not all use-cases have easy access to the bus creation/config methods.
Ex.
public class TestResponseConsumer : IConsumer<ITestResponse>
{
    public Task Consume(ConsumeContext<ITestResponse> context)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("TestResponse received");

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

    ...

This works (consumer gets called):
    public IBusControl ServiceBus;

    public IntegrationTestsBase()
    {
        ServiceBus = Bus.Factory.CreateUsingRabbitMq(cfg =>
        {
            cfg.Host("vmdevrab-bld", "/", h => {
                h.Username("guest");
                h.Password("guest");
            });

            cfg.ReceiveEndpoint("Int_Test", e =>
            {
                e.Consumer<TestResponseConsumer>();
            });

            cfg.AutoStart = true;
        });

        ServiceBus.Start();
    }

    ~IntegrationTestsBase()
    {
        ServiceBus.Stop();
    }
}

This does not work:
    [TestMethod]
    public void Can_Receive_SampleResponse()
    {
        try
        {
            ITestRequest request = new TestRequest(Guid.NewGuid(), Guid.NewGuid(), Guid.NewGuid());

            ServiceBus.ConnectConsumer<TestResponseConsumer>();

            ServiceBus.Publish<ITestRequest>(request);

            mre.WaitOne(60000);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            Console.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace);
            Assert.Fail();
        }
    }

A: It doesn't work because as explained in the documentation when you connect a consumer to the bus endpoint, no exchange bindings are created. Published messages will not be delivered to the bus endpoint.
If you want to connect consumers to the bus after it has been started, you should use ConnectReceiveEndpoint() instead, which is also covered in the documentation.
var handle = bus.ConnectReceiveEndpoint("secondary-queue", x =>
{
    x.Consumer<TestResponseConsumer>();
})

var ready = await handle.Ready;

The endpoint can be stopped when it is no longer needed, otherwise it will be stopped when the bus is stopped.


Here's a pic of the progeny of two of my favorite families. The family with eight kids was staying with the family with ten kids. Since it was absolutely ridiculous to have 22 people living in a 3-bedroom house, the only sensible thing was to invite Miss Valerie over for the weekend, too!
And if you're wondering what I've been doing with myself in the past 18 months, that photo about sums it up. I was first adopted by the smaller family, with whom my chief job was mending. Then when they got transferred to Europe, the larger family adopted me, and I've been, among other things, matching socks for them. Lemme tellya...a dozen people, most of whom play sports, can go through some socks! My first forray into that task involved a 2-bushel laundry basket and resulted in 259 pairs plus at least a hundred odd socks. Took eight or nine hours over four sessions on two days. We were telling the tale at a party later, and one friend caught the words "mated" and "259" and gave me a funny look. I told her it was a very soxy occasion!
I have been blown away this past year and a half to find so many to love and be loved by. There are few things sweeter than being able to look around on a Sunday morning at "my" kids and their parents and a hundred or so other brothers and sisters while we share the covenant meal. This is the life Christ purchased for me. This is the bride He purchased for Himself. This is discerning the body.


103 How would I run an async Task<T> method synchronously?
68 What's the difference between the new netstandardapp and netcoreapp TFMs?
46 What keyboard shortcut is there to organize C# usings in Visual Studio 2013?
19 How to install WinDbg when VS 2015 is already installed?


text:
IS GOVERNMENT BACKING OFF BBC?
SPEAK UP FOR AUNTIE.
You currently have a chance to give your views on the future of the BBC. I hope you will take the opportunity to say that it is one of this country's best assets and, free from those endless advertising breaks, offers great value for money compared to the expensive Sky and BT packages which line the pockets of Premier League footballers.
I am not a naïve fan of the BBC. I worked for them for thirteen years under managers of varying quality. It was over managed and paid its top staff too much. Most of the pooh-bahs have gone now, apart from Creative Director Alan Yentob. He should be on his way soon after his handling of the Kid's Company affair. In 2010 the BBC were wrong to fight plans for Ofcom or a new OfBBC to replace the discredited governors system. The BBC Trust that was set up has failed to provide an independent overview of the executive.
So the Corporation isn't without its faults but in the run up to Charter renewal in 2017, it has been subjected to continuous vilification in many newspapers. More worryingly the government have trampled all over the proper procedures regarding its future funding for the second time, the new Culture Secretary has hinted the BBC should compete less in popular programming and Tory backbenchers have maintained their tired campaign against the Bolshevik Broadcasting Corporation.
The press attacks on the BBC are motivated by falling newspaper sales, a loss of advertising revenue to the internet and a jealousy about the Corporation's excellent news coverage. They should get their house in order. Shrinking the BBC is not the answer. We know what that leads too. Some years ago local papers managed to get BBC plans to improve their regional web pages scrapped claiming unfair competition. It did nothing to halt circulation slides and impoverished a part of the BBC's service to the public.
Some parts of the Tory Party have always had a problem with the BBC, thinking it is biased against it.
In my thirteen years as a BBC journalist nobody remotely indicated I should favour the left. No such editorial policy has ever existed and it is essential that the publicly funded BBC should remain free of government pressure. That independence has been sorely tested with the recent overnight imposition on the BBC of funding free TV licences for the elderly.
THE LICENCE FEE.
Finally we come to the £145.50 compulsory licence fee. In an age when there are so many ways to access BBC services, why does the BBC have to be funded by TV licences? My answer is that at 40p a day it is very good value compared to Sky packages which are often £70 a month. People kid themselves if they say they never use BBC services as an article in next week's Radio Times shows. Finally what is the alternative? Please not advertising which is making commercial channels unwatchable. The BBC should make much more of this. Would people really want subscription with the BBC begging on air for money to fund its programmes as happens with public broadcasting in America? A state levy like they have in Germany seems the only possible alternative.
GOVERNMENT BACKDOWN.
After a summer where the government and BBC got in their trenches, a more conciliatory mood broke out at this week's TV festival in Edinburgh. Perhaps the Culture Secretary, John Whittingdale, has already picked up the public's bewilderment that with all the problems we've got, that time should be wasted fixing a problem that does not exist.
Posted on August 28, 2015 Author Jim HancockCategories BBCTags BBC, Bolshevik Broadcasting Corporation, Culture Secretary, Germany, John Whittingdale, Kid Company, licence fee, Premier League, Radio Times, TV
Previous Previous post: GOVERNMENT DECEPTION OVER RAIL PLANS
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text:
Q: Find the elements that sum to a given value using R I have a data frame it contains key_var and Amount field as shown below:
Overall Sum of the Amount for the particular key_var should come between 0 to 1 (0-0.99) after removing the particular records/elements, Now I need to identify those removable records and create a 'FLAG' against them (by creating a new var as FLAG).
There can be multiple combinations generated but I need only one combination of set to be generated using R.
FYI, If we remove the last 12 records/elements from the below data set then sum matches to 0.25.
This is doing manually now, I need to generate R code to automate the same.
df<-structure(list(key_var = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "XYZ_1234", class = "factor"),  Amount = c(8200304.5, 8160830.25, -8035850.35, -7843855.06, -7638726.82, 7635197.95, 6947059.96, -6779376.16, -6659630.59, -6538178.03,  3890858.28, 3727088.57, 3440399.02, 2612664.47, 2147241.37, -1381553.09, -1307455.22, 1253244.05, -1077622.65, 1035065.78, 1020172.5, -1018263.84, 893138.6, -892595.1, -676137.21, 565106.18, -451752.19, -444984.92, -333922.62, -333922.39, 281748.19, -235644.35, -159120.68, 145970.31, 124236.96, 124160.23, -98276.99, -88602.23, -66468.98, 61162.81, 36316.05, 24832.04, 21011.73, 13469.54, -13143.08, -11365.96, 5528.03,3822.78, -3788.55, -1809.79, 995.66, -543.5, 511.52, -18.22, -1.81, 0.96, 0.87, 0.86, 1.66)), .Names = c("key_var", "Amount"), row.names = c(NA, -59L), class = "data.frame")

Thanks,
Vinayak

A: You can try a "top-down" approach. This will cumsum from the beginning and stops when the sum is within the range.
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
  mutate(Sum=cumsum(Amount),
  Flag=between(Sum,0,0.99)) %>%
  filter(c(rep(T, which(Flag)), rep(F,n()-which(Flag))))
    key_var      Amount          Sum  Flag
1  XYZ_1234  8200304.50   8200304.50 FALSE
2  XYZ_1234  8160830.25  16361134.75 FALSE
3  XYZ_1234 -8035850.35   8325284.40 FALSE
4  XYZ_1234 -7843855.06    481429.34 FALSE
5  XYZ_1234 -7638726.82  -7157297.48 FALSE
6  XYZ_1234  7635197.95    477900.47 FALSE
7  XYZ_1234  6947059.96   7424960.43 FALSE
8  XYZ_1234 -6779376.16    645584.27 FALSE
9  XYZ_1234 -6659630.59  -6014046.32 FALSE
10 XYZ_1234 -6538178.03 -12552224.35 FALSE
11 XYZ_1234  3890858.28  -8661366.07 FALSE
12 XYZ_1234  3727088.57  -4934277.50 FALSE
13 XYZ_1234  3440399.02  -1493878.48 FALSE
14 XYZ_1234  2612664.47   1118785.99 FALSE
15 XYZ_1234  2147241.37   3266027.36 FALSE
16 XYZ_1234 -1381553.09   1884474.27 FALSE
17 XYZ_1234 -1307455.22    577019.05 FALSE
18 XYZ_1234  1253244.05   1830263.10 FALSE
19 XYZ_1234  1020172.50   2850435.60 FALSE
20 XYZ_1234 -1018263.84   1832171.76 FALSE
21 XYZ_1234   893138.60   2725310.36 FALSE
22 XYZ_1234  -892595.10   1832715.26 FALSE
23 XYZ_1234  -676137.21   1156578.05 FALSE
24 XYZ_1234   565106.18   1721684.23 FALSE
25 XYZ_1234  -451752.19   1269932.04 FALSE
26 XYZ_1234  -444984.92    824947.12 FALSE
27 XYZ_1234  -333922.62    491024.50 FALSE
28 XYZ_1234  -333922.39    157102.11 FALSE
29 XYZ_1234  -235644.35    -78542.24 FALSE
30 XYZ_1234  -159120.68   -237662.92 FALSE
31 XYZ_1234   145970.31    -91692.61 FALSE
32 XYZ_1234   124236.96     32544.35 FALSE
33 XYZ_1234   124160.23    156704.58 FALSE
34 XYZ_1234   -98276.99     58427.59 FALSE
35 XYZ_1234   -88602.23    -30174.64 FALSE
36 XYZ_1234   -66468.98    -96643.62 FALSE
37 XYZ_1234    61162.81    -35480.81 FALSE
38 XYZ_1234    24832.04    -10648.77 FALSE
39 XYZ_1234    13469.54      2820.77 FALSE
40 XYZ_1234    -3788.55      -967.78 FALSE
41 XYZ_1234      995.66        27.88 FALSE
42 XYZ_1234     -543.50      -515.62 FALSE
43 XYZ_1234      511.52        -4.10 FALSE
44 XYZ_1234        0.96        -3.14 FALSE
45 XYZ_1234        0.87        -2.27 FALSE
46 XYZ_1234        0.86        -1.41 FALSE
47 XYZ_1234        1.66         0.25  TRUE

More generalized solution would be to get all combinations from top to bottom. So first rows 1:nrow(df), then 2:nrow(df), 3:nrow(df) and so on... The output is a data.frame spezifing the start and end value to subset the data.frame. So sum(df$Amount[1:47]) as well as the three single values e.g. sum(df$Amount[44:44]) give you the expected result. Then, you can add a column with TRUE/FALSE's.
res <- data.frame(A=1:nrow(df), B=nrow(df)) %>%
  split(.$A) %>%
  map(~df[.$A:.$B,]) %>%
  map(~mutate(.,Sum=cumsum(.$Amount),
              Flag=between(Sum,0,0.99))) %>%
  keep(~any(.$Flag)) %>%
  map_dbl(~which(.$Flag)[1]) %>%
  tibble(Start=as.numeric(names(.)), Stop=.)  %>%
  mutate(Stop= Start + Stop - 1)
res
# A tibble: 4 x 2
Start  Stop
<dbl> <dbl>
1     1    47
2    44    44
3    45    45
4    46    46

# add Flag column of the first match
df %>%
  rownames_to_column() %>%
  mutate(Flag=FALSE) %>%
  mutate(Flag=ifelse(between(as.numeric(rowname), res$Start[1], res$Stop[1]), TRUE, Flag)) %>%
  head
   key_var   Amount Flag
1 XYZ_1234  8200305 TRUE
2 XYZ_1234  8160830 TRUE
3 XYZ_1234 -8035850 TRUE
4 XYZ_1234 -7843855 TRUE
5 XYZ_1234 -7638727 TRUE
6 XYZ_1234  7635198 TRUE

The data
df <- structure(list(key_var = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "XYZ_1234", class = "factor"),
    Amount = c(8200304.5, 8160830.25, -8035850.35, -7843855.06,
    -7638726.82, 7635197.95, 6947059.96, -6779376.16, -6659630.59,
    -6538178.03, 3890858.28, 3727088.57, 3440399.02, 2612664.47,
    2147241.37, -1381553.09, -1307455.22, 1253244.05, 1020172.5,
    -1018263.84, 893138.6, -892595.1, -676137.21, 565106.18,
    -451752.19, -444984.92, -333922.62, -333922.39, -235644.35,
    -159120.68, 145970.31, 124236.96, 124160.23, -98276.99, -88602.23,
    -66468.98, 61162.81, 24832.04, 13469.54, -3788.55, 995.66,
    -543.5, 511.52, 0.96, 0.87, 0.86, 1.66, -1077622.65, 1035065.78,
    281748.19, 36316.05, 21011.73, -13143.08, -11365.96, 5528.03,
    3822.78, -1809.79, -18.22, -1.81)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-59L), .Names = c("key_var", "Amount"))

A: I assumed you wanted to sample part of the "Amount" values until the condition was met the sum of the Amount values would be between 0 and 1. I took this approach, although it can take a lot of time:
dput(df)
structure(list(key_var = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "XYZ_1234", class = "factor"),
Amount = c(8200304.5, 8160830.25, -8035850.35, -7843855.06,
-7638726.82, 7635197.95, 6947059.96, -6779376.16, -6659630.59,
-6538178.03, 3890858.28, 3727088.57, 3440399.02, 2612664.47,
2147241.37, -1381553.09, -1307455.22, 1253244.05, 1020172.5,
-1018263.84, 893138.6, -892595.1, -676137.21, 565106.18,
-451752.19, -444984.92, -333922.62, -333922.39, -235644.35,
-159120.68, 145970.31, 124236.96, 124160.23, -98276.99, -88602.23,
-66468.98, 61162.81, 24832.04, 13469.54, -3788.55, 995.66,
-543.5, 511.52, 0.96, 0.87, 0.86, 1.66, -1077622.65, 1035065.78,
281748.19, 36316.05, 21011.73, -13143.08, -11365.96, 5528.03,
3822.78, -1809.79, -18.22, -1.81)), .Names = c("key_var",
"Amount"), row.names = c(NA, -59L), class = "data.frame")

continueloop = TRUE
while(continueloop){
  x <- sample(df$Amount, sample(2:dim(df)[1], 1))
  if(sum(x) > 0 & sum(x) < 1){
  continueloop = FALSE
 }
}

df$FLAG <- ifelse(df$Amount %in% x, TRUE, FALSE)

You can replace the 2 in the second sample() function to specify the minimum number of times FLAG should be TRUE. If it is 1, it could sample just one row where Amount is between 0 and 1.


text:
Phillies Top 10 Free Agent Signings: #10 Jay Johnstone
By Ian Riccaboni
With free agent movement hot and heavy throughout MLB, and the Phillies seemingly nowhere to be found, we present the Top 10 Free Agent Signings in Phillies History.
Jay Johnstone made his Major League debut at age 20 with the California Angles on July 30, 1966, singling off of All-Star Gary Bell and scoring the game's tying run. Johnstone would finish the year as a starting outfielder for the squad, mostly in right and then left, before finally becoming a full-time starter in 1969. Trades to the White Sox in 1971 and then the A's in 1973 proved detrimental to the rising star and by age 27, Johnstone was seemingly almost out of the Majors despite hitting .347/.424/.562 for the Triple-A Tuscon Toros.
After the A's won World Series ring with the A's in 1973, Johnstone was purchased by the St. Louis Cardinals in January 1974 before being released in late March of the same year before camp broke. Johnstone signed with the Phillies on April 3 and became one of the squad's most dangerous hitters. Whether it was off the bench or in the starting line-up, johnstone made an impact. Johnstone would hit .303/.368/.455 for the Phillies from 1974 through 1978 and .778/.800/1.111 against the Reds in the 1976 NLCS, one of the few standout offensive players in that series. Johnstone was traded to the Yankees on June 14, 1978 for reliever Rawly Eastwick. Johnstone was not on the A's roster for their World Series win in 1973 but would win two World Series of his own, one in 1978 with the Yankees and another in 1981 with the Dodgers, before retiring after the 1985 season, his twentieth.
Related Items:agent, free, johnstone, Phillies, signings:
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Phillies Linked to Cabrera, Furcal at Short


text:
Studying with Hearing Loss: Why Communication Access Matters
The Month I Suddenly Went Deaf
Study: Teen boys more likely to have hearing loss
Published by Angela Pelosi on August 8, 2017
Despite recent warnings of headphone use damaging teens' ears, researchers say the rates of hearing loss among US teens is stable but more prevalent in specific segments.
While researchers say there was a spike in hearing loss among teens in 2007-8, in comparing rates from 2010 with those from 1988, the team at the University of California, San Francisco concluded that there was "no overall change in prevalence of hearing loss" over the decades.
They did find, however, rates of hearing loss higher in specific groups.
Males, teens who have a history of three or more ear infections, or are from ethnic minority groups or low socioeconomic backgrounds have a higher rate of hearing loss, researchers say.
"Further investigation into factors influencing these changes and continued monitoring of these groups are needed," says Dr. Dylan Chan, the author of the study and assistant professor at the university.
The study, which was published in JAMA , examined data from thousands of Americans aged 12 to 19 over more than two decades. Age, gender and demographic information, and risk factors such as noise exposure, firearm use, hearing protection use, and 'history of ear infections' were taken into account.
Researchers did not find consistent associations between hearing loss and noise exposures. Researchers noted that "reported exposure to loud noise increased and use of hearing protection declined over the same period." There were "no consistent associations between noise exposures and hearing loss," and "no consistent associations between noise exposures and hearing loss."
Hearing loss among children and teens can affect language acquisition and speech development. Undiagnosed hearing loss can affect academic achievement, work performance and social functioning.
If you think you or a loved one has hearing loss, the first thing you should do is to see your doctor or audiologist. Search for hearing health providers near you.
Angela Pelosi
Angela is the Global Head of Pediatrics at Phonak HQ in Switzerland. She has worked in the field of audiology for 18 years, and is passionate and committed to ensuring every child and their family, have the best possible solutions, services and support available to help them live life to the fullest.


text:
Can Carreres Puig és una casa del municipi de Cabanes (Alt Empordà) inclosa en l'Inventari del Patrimoni Arquitectònic de Catalunya.

Descripció
Situada dins del nucli urbà de la població de Cabanes, a la banda de llevant del nucli antic, formant cantonada entre els carrers Tetuan i del Passeig.

Edifici aïllat amb un gran jardí posterior i algunes dependències annexes distribuïdes per la finca. La casa presenta la planta rectangular i està formada per tres cossos adossats. El central està distribuït en planta baixa i dos pisos, i presenta la coberta de teula de dues vessants. Els cossos laterals, en canvi, consten de dues plantes i tenen la coberta plana. A la façana principal, les obertures de la planta baixa són d'arc de mig punt, amb els emmarcaments motllurats i arrebossats. Hi ha tres portals d'accés a l'interior i tres finestres més. Al primer pis, les obertures són rectangulars i presenten guardapols motllurats. Damunt del portal principal hi ha un balcó corregut amb dos finestrals de sortida, damunt dels quals hi ha un plafó decorat amb un escut senyorial. A la segona planta hi ha finestres amb l'emmarcament arrebossat. A l'extrem de migdia de la façana hi ha un petit cos adossat en perpendicular, que presenta un portal de mig punt bastit amb carreus. A la part superior de l'obertura hi ha una reixa de ferro treballada i datada, 1840. El portal dona accés al jardí, a través d'un petit espai cobert amb volta rebaixada. A l'interior, l'edifici presenta diverses estances com la sala central, la de música, habitacions, menjador i serveis. Destaca la decoració mural amb escenes bucòliques i motius florals i geomètrics. Les pintures de la sala presenten medallons octogonals amb les quatre estacions representades amb una iconografia de caràcter bucòlic.

Història
La casa fou construïda a mitjans del , tal como ho testimonia la data de 1840 forjada a la reixa de l'entrada, encara que sobre restes de construccions més antigues.

Al jardí de la finca es conserva un tram de mur pertanyent a un portal de l'antic recinte murat de la vila bastit al final del . Posteriorment, Cabanes es va tornar a fortificar en iniciar-se la primera Guerra Carlina, vers l'any 1838.

Referències

Carreres
Patrimoni monumental de Cabanes (Alt Empordà)


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text:
Things to do in Eastern Turkey
Places to Visit in Eastern Turkey
The region of cappadocia resembles another planet, One that is transformed from one color to another every season of the year every hour of the day.
Basalt rock, covered in tuff by spewing volcanoes thousands of year ago, and mystical fairy chimneys make one wonder where exactly one is.
It is impossible to be unaffected by the enchanting mystery of this incomparable natural wonder.
In this site you will find detailed information that has been prepared for your travels to what is perhaps Turkey's most mystical region.
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul and it lies in the heart of Anatolia, an historical treasure at an altitude of 850 meters (~2800 ft).
Ankara, formerly named "Ancyra" by the Celts (meaning "anchor"), was an important cultural, trading and arts center in Roman times, and an important trading center on the caravan route to the east in Ottoman times. By consequence of being chosen as the base during the War of Liberation by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the city was declared the capital of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Ankara is a modern city with a population of over 5 million, maintaining the traces of civilizations dating back to the Bronze Age, to the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians and Persians. The Romans and the Byzantines have also left their marks in the region.
On an imposing hill in the center of Ankara, stands the mausoleum (Anitkabir) of Kemal Atatürk, a fusion of ancient and modern architectural ideas. The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations houses a unique collection of treasures dating back to 2000 B.C.
Besides the historical monuments within the heart of the city such as the Roman Theater, Ankara Citadel, Temple of Augustus, Roman Bath and the Column of Julian, the city's environs are also rich with ancient ruins. Ankara is surrounded by Hittite, Phrygian, Ottoman, Byzantine and Roman historical sites. The capital of the Seljuk Turks, Konya, renowned for the mystic "Whirling Dervishes", lies to the south east of Ankara.
Ankara is a center for opera, ballet, jazz and modern dance as well as the home of the Turkish Parliament, ministries, foreign embassies and nine universities.
Shopping in Ankara can be exciting in the old part of the town for buying old copper, jewelry, carpets and kilims, antiques and embroidery. Modern shopping malls are scattered in and around the city selling various new items. Small shopping areas, local markets and restaurants are other attractive sights one should not miss.
Ankara's location makes it very convenient for "Weekend Escapes" to reach to skiing resorts, cultural and historical sites, and the seaside. Istanbul is only five hours away by bus.
The City of Safranbolu is a typical Ottoman city, with typical buildings and streets, and played a key role in the caravan trade over many centuries. The settlement developed as a trading centre after the Turkish conquest in the 11th century, and by the 13th century, it had become an important caravan station. Its layout demonstrates the organic growth of the town in response to economic expansion, and its buildings are representative of its evolving socio-economic structure up to the disappearance of the traditional caravan routes and beyond.
Safranbolu consists of three distinct historic districts; the market place area of the inner city, known as Çukur, the area of Kıranköy, and Bağlar (the Vineyards). Çukur lies in the lower part of the town and has a triangular shape defined by two rivers. Its centre is the market place, surrounded by the houses and workshops of craftsmen. The segregation of the city centre is very typical for Anatolian cities. Kıranköy was formerly a non-Muslim district, with a socio-architectural pattern similar to that in contemporary European towns, with the artisans and tradesmen living above their shops. The houses in this district are built of stone, in contrast to the wooden houses in Çukur, which illustrates how the separation of Muslim and non-Muslim quarters during the Ottoman Period enabled each community to establish settlements according to their own traditions.
The pattern of settlement in Bağlar (the Vineyards) consists of single houses set within large gardens. This district on the northwest slope of the city, looking to the south, was the summer resort for the city.
The streets in Çukur and Kıranköy are narrow and curved, creating a wider view at the corners following topographic lines, and the various consoles of the houses contribute to creating interesting street perspectives. The streets feature stone paving, sloping inwards to evacuate surface water, and older houses are half-timbered, while the spaces between the timbers are filled with various building materials. There are no windows on the street frontage, so that stone walls resemble extensions of garden walls. The main rooms on the first floors are usually panelled with built-in cupboards, fireplaces, shelves and benches. Many of the ceilings are lavishly carved and painted. The rooms serve different purposes and are connected together with halls called "sofa", which are very important elements of the house.
Mount Ararat, Turkish Ağrı Dağı , volcanic massif in extreme eastern Turkey overlooking the point at which the frontiers of Turkey, Iran, and Armenia converge. Its northern and eastern slopes rise from the broad alluvial plain of the Aras River, about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above sea level; its southwestern slopes rise from a plain about 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) above sea level; and on the west a low pass separates it from a long range of other volcanic ridges extending westward toward the eastern Taurus ranges. The Ararat Massif is about 25 miles (40 km) in diameter.
Gaziantep has been the home of various civilizations throughout the history because of its geographical location. The city is between Mesopotamia and Mediterrenean lands, it has been housed since the pre-historic ages, the historical silk road passes through the city, it is at the intersection point of the roads. All these reasons have made the city popular in commercial, cultural and artistic fields so far.
The Indepence War and Gaziantep Defense have a very important place in its history. 6317 people in Gaziantep died while serving in the defense of Gaziantep. And, that is why the city was given the title 'Ghazi'. It has become the symbol of fighter spirit of the people in Gaziantep. Likewise, this fighter spirit has played a dominant role in every field of life, while transferring from generation to generation.
Akdamar Island
Akdamar Kilesi (Akdamar Church) or Church of the Holy Cross) is a ruined Armenian cathedral in Eastern Anatolia. Situated on a small island in the beautiful mountain setting of Lake Van, the Akdamar church dates from the 10th century and is famed for the fascinating reliefs carved on the exterior.
History of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross
The Church of the Holy Cross was once an important Armenian cathedral. The seat of the Armenian Orthodox patriarch, the cathedral was founded by King Gagik between 915 and 921 as part of a royal complex that included a palace, monastery, streets, gardens and terraced parks. The church is all that remains today.
The church was designed by the Armenian architect Trdat Mendet (also known as Manuel), who also built the cathedral in nearby Ani and helped repair Hagia Sophia's dome when it collapsed after an earthquake.
The Church of the Holy Cross was the seat of an Armenian patriarch from 1116 to 1895, after which it was abandoned due to conflict between Armenia and the Ottoman Empire. The building fell into disrepair and was neglected throughout the 20th century.
The cathedral was restored by the Turkish government beginning in May 2005. The restoration cost $1.5 million and took 18 months to complete. At a ceremony on March 29, 2007, it was officially opened as a museum. The restoration project was seen as a diplomatic step by Turkey to improve relations with Armenia, which remain very tense.
Nemrut Mountain
The mausoleum of Antiochus I (69–34 B.C.), who reigned over Commagene, a kingdom founded north of Syria and the Euphrates after the breakup of Alexander's empire, is one of the most ambitious constructions of the Hellenistic period. The syncretism of its pantheon, and the lineage of its kings, which can be traced back through two sets of legends, Greek and Persian, is evidence of the dual origin of this kingdom's culture.
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