text:
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Ask the Expert: Veterinary technicians
Ask the Expert: Who are the people working at the Zoo hospital?
Answer: There are people working many different types of jobs at the Sarah Allison Steffee Center for Veterinary Medicine. You may see staff veterinarians, researchers, animal keepers or veterinary technicians.
Sharon Yanhert, RVT, and Dr. Debra Barbarits examine a red panda
Registered veterinary technicians work to care for animals in a variety of settings, from small animal clinics like your pet's veterinarian's office to large facilities like dairy farms, research facilities and zoos.
Angel Mitchell, a registered veterinary technician at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, said daily responsibilities for her and her colleagues can include helping train animals to participate in health care, administering medication, assisting with X-rays, surgeries and CT scans, performing lab work and more. Sometimes you can catch a glimpse of this work through the windows of the Steffee Center.
The technicians also go on "rounds" throughout the Zoo to check on animals, talk with keepers and assist veterinarians with procedures.
In fact, there are only three types of things that veterinary technicians can't do that a veterinarian can: prescribe medication, diagnose disease and perform surgery.
Mitchell says she enjoys going to work because each day is a little different. "I love the challenge of working on an animal that I never thought I'd ever see when I was in school - like performing a CT scan on an orangutan!"
The veterinary team preparing for a CT scan on a Bornean orangutan
"I love the challenge of working on an animal that I never thought I'd ever see when I was in school."
According to the Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians, there are only a few hundred zoo veterinary technician jobs in the country, so it is a competitive field.
Like many techs, Mitchell has learned a lot from on-the-job training. Most college veterinary programs have some type of exotic animal training but it is rarely hands-on or all-inclusive. Most zoo technicians have had internships, volunteered at animal shelters or facilities, attended conferences and learned from their colleagues - all in addition to their academic studies.
"I never stop learning," says Mitchell of her more than 20-year career. "You might have studied how to care for horses, for example, but then you have to apply that to zebras."
That learning and a love of animals keeps Mitchell motivated. "How many people can say they care for an animal like a lion? Hardly anybody! It's a true connection to the wild."
Sarah Crupi, Interim Executive Director, Director of External Relations
National Veterinary Technician Week is honored the third week in October each year. Veterinary technicians are critical to the day-to-day function of veterinary practices, and play vital roles in preserving animal health and welfare. Thank you to the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo veterinary technicians!
Angel Mitchell, one of four registered veterinary technicians at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
The veterinary technician team:
Jen Rowe, Sharon Yanhert, Angel Mitchell, Jenn Green
Taking Pride in Animal Care
From animal exams to doing "rounds": A day in the ...more
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Miranda Young, Communications Intern
The Zoo Society's largest fundraiser of the year is back August 2. Twiligh...
Things to do at the Zoo
July Calendar: Things to do at the Zoo


Mandhatri said, 'What duties should be performed by the Yavanas, Kiratas, Gandharvas, Chinas, Savaras, Barbaras, Sakas, Tusharas, Kankas, Pathavas, Andhras, Madrakas, Paundras, Pulindas, Ramathas, Kamvojas, the several castes that have sprung up from Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas, and the Sudras, that reside in the dominions of (Arya) kings?
We are familiar with the probable locations of a few of them such as Yavanas identified with the Greeks in later Indian texts and Chinas with the Chinese. Andhras is also a recognizable group as are the Kiratas who were mountain-dwelling hunters.
My question is - Can someone identify each of these groups conclusively based on the information in scriptures?
Please feel free to add other such tribes in the list as well!
Browse other questions tagged mahabharata history ancestry geography .


text:
/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name jsonize
 * @description
 *   Converts json-like string to json string
 */
(function() {
  'use strict';

  var jsonizeFilter = function() {
    return function(str) {
      try {       // if parsable already, return as it is
        JSON.parse(str);
        return str;
      } catch(e) { // if not parsable, change little
        return str
          // wrap keys without quote with valid double quote
          .replace(/([\$\w]+)\s*:/g,
            function(_, $1) {
              return '"'+$1+'":';
            }
          )
          // replacing single quote wrapped ones to double quote
          .replace(/'([^']+)'/g,
            function(_, $1) {
              return '"'+$1+'"';
            }
          );
      }
    };
  };

  angular.module('ngMap').filter('jsonize', jsonizeFilter);
})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Humanitarian aid agencies are using blockchain technology as a unique opportunity to provide the best possible assistance to vulnerable people around the world. Despite the fact that crypto currencies and blockchain cannot prevent world hunger on their own, they have the potential to go a long way towards helping those in need.
Blockchain platforms are much more than a system to transfer money. They provide a new option for refugees to pay for food without needing an intermediary such as a bank. In fact, there are some systems in places where refugees are paying local retailers through biometric eye scans. All activities are documented on the blockchain and it sidesteps the need for paper money, debit cards, coupons or vouchers, all of which can be lost or stolen.
In fact, in Amman, Jordan over 10,000 people in Azraq refugee camps can now pay for food and other necessities through entitlements recorded on a blockchain-based computing platform. The system is expected to benefit over 100,000 refugees very shortly. The goal is to provide refugees with more privacy and higher security.
Banks have until now, used blockchain for international cash transfers. It is a way of organizing data through a collection of information loaded nodes shared among many people and places. The ability to record transactions in a secure environment allows for quicker transactions and at the same time reduces opportunity for data mismanagement and fraud. It allows for two parties to transact directly, eliminating the need for a third party intermediary like a bank or trust company.
In the case of refuges, blockchain has many advantages for the people receiving and delivering the aid. The benefits to agencies providing aid include improved efficiency, better accountability and a reduction of risks and costs in delivering the aid. The benefits for beneficiaries include, faster access to food and reduced instances of theft or fraud.
It appears that decentralized blockchain technology is not only a mechanism for transferring money and limited to big business or financial institutions. It also has very practical applications to help benefit organizations like hunger relief. Solutions like blockchain provide for cost savings, making more money available to help those who need it most.
Another benefit of securely digitalizing refugee identification, should be a reduction in the violence within refuge camps that frequently occurs when, physical money or vouchers are available to be stolen. So as blockchain continues to develop and becomes mainstream in business, government and society, it should continue to increasingly benefit both the providers of relief and the people in need around the world.
The above report is compiled by the GLITZKOIN team. We realize the benefits of blockchain to modernize the global diamond industry. The ability to decentralize the marketplace for the global diamond trade, will reduce cost associated with intermediaries and create a win-win scenario for both buyers and sellers of diamonds. We are poised to develop and deploy an advanced platform that will support global diamond trade. This platform which will be configured on the Stellar blockchain, will also implement a GLITZKOIN crypto currency.


text:
Not so sweet news: Lake Worth's Hoffman's Chocolates closing
Kevin D. Thompson @KevinDThompson1
Everyone, it seems, who visited the Hoffman's Chocolates in downtown Lake Worth has a favorite memory of the gourmet chocolatier.
For Nadine Burns, it was taking her 6-year-old granddaughter to a candy making class last year.
"She loved playing with the candy," Burns said. "And she got to wear a chef's apron."
For Christopher Fleming, it was all about the chocolate covered pretzels.
"I loved that the store was local and was about all things chocolate," Fleming said.
Sally Welsh couldn't get enough of the ice cream.
"It's the best in the world," she said.
Those memories are even more special now.
After Saturday, Hoffman's Chocolate's on 705 Lake Avenue will be closed for good.
The main reason: not enough business.
"We really haven't seen a lot of foot traffic," said Anna Hutchinson, an intermediate manager at the store, which opened in 2013. "Our sales have been down 50 percent the past four years. I don't think we were really fully known at this location."
Randall Vitale, a regional sales vice president at Hoffman's, was not available to comment.
All six employees at the Lake Avenue store have been offered jobs at other Hoffman's locations, according to Hutchinson.
The company has four locations in Palm Beach County — the main factory in Greenacres on Lake Worth Road and three other stores in Boca Raton, Palm Beach Gardens and the newest one that opened in November at the Marketplace in Delray Beach.
Thomas Miller, a sales associate at the Lake Worth store, said he was upset upon hearing the news.
"We saw the writing on the wall," he said. "We thought it would be more busy around Christmas, but that didn't happen. I don't think we got the marketing support the other stores got."
Hutchinson said one reason for the lackluster sales is snowbirds aren't staying as long as they once did.
"A lot of them came down in October and went back after Thanksgiving," she said.
To help boost business, Hutchinson said Hoffman's slashed prices and offered internet and Black Friday deals. Nothing helped.
"At this location, we were just known for ice cream," Hutchinson said. "But a lot of people didn't even know we existed. We had a lot of people coming from Palm Beach, walking by and asking, 'Did you just open?'"
Fleming, a senior broker with Strategic Realty Services whose companies handles several downtown properties, said the area will feel Hoffman's loss.
"Downtown needs a mix of businesses and losing a local retailer hurts that mix," Fleming said.
Burns, the Lake Worth Rotary Club president, said she's not sure what kind of impact the store's closing will have on the area.
"It's a great location," she said. "I thought the store would have been helped with (Lilo's All American Cafe)moving into the old Rotelli site."
Last year Hoffman's, which started on Lucerne Avenue in 1975, celebrated its 40th anniversary.
Hutchinson has worked with the company the past five years. She said she will be sad to see the Lake Avenue site close.
"So many businesses have come and gone since we've been here," she said.
None, however, quite as sweet as Hoffman's Chocolates.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Free MLB Picks for Best Props Odds: Tuesday April 5, 2016
by Chris Vasile - 4/5/2016
We are but a mere two full days into the regular season, and it seems as if we have picked up right where we left off.
Bryce Harper is being booed and then hitting home runs, the Blue Jays are scoring five runs per game, Clayton Kershaw is dominating hitters, and the Kansas City Royals are handily beating the Mets. Different season, same results.
Many of us bettors have welcomed baseball back with open arms. How long before we wish it would just end already remains to be seen.
There are a few certainties when it comes to betting baseball. You will either win or lose your wager. You will get lucky a few times by a miraculous rally in the ninth inning or you will be pulling out hair when Jonathon Papelbon comes in and blows another save. There is really no way of getting around it. You can do all the research and crunch all the numbers. The fact of the matter is that the bullpens are as much a part of the game as the starting pitchers and position players. And more often then not they are the difference between winning and losing a game.
After much deliberation and research on my end, I have found three prop selections that alleviate the stress of relying on bullpens and get you paid much quicker than having to sit through a four-hour Red Sox - Yankees game.
While I may not be inventing the wheel or revolutionizing a new way to bet baseball, I am focusing on first inning props, which were my bread and butter throughout last season.
The first inning props I will be focusing on are as follows: Will there be a run in the first inning? "Yes"/"No" & Total Hits/Runs/Errors in the first inning.
The third prop I love to wager on are team totals. You can make a lot of money fading gas-cans and riding a hot pitcher.
Let's take a look at three of my favorite prop options that are on the board tonight. As always, odds and lines are courtesy of Bovada.
Detroit Tigers @ Miami Marlins
Total Hits/Runs/Errors in First Inning
"Over" 3 +135, "Under" 3 -165
The first thing you must understand is that this prop takes into account both the top and bottom of the first innings. Three is a winner, not a push.
With that said, the top of the first inning is expected to see Ian Kinsler, Justin Upton and Miguel Cabrera in the batter's box. I would be shocked if at least one, or even two of these three players didn't get a hit off Wei-Yen Chen. Kinsler is batting .417 in 12 at-bats against Chen and Cabrera is betting .250 in four AB's.
The Marlins acquired Chen from the Orioles to help the rotation behind Jose Ferndandez. It's shocking to me that Fernandez isn't getting the opening day nod, but I am never one to shy away from exploiting money-making opportunities.
The Marlins half of the inning is expected to see Dee Gordon, Marcell Ozuna and Christian Yelich due up. On deck is Giancarlo Stanton, who is looking to bounce back after an injury-filled 2015 season.
I am not sold on Justin Verlander being "back," so we will fade him until we see otherwise.
Pick: "Over" 3 +130
Toronto Blue Jays @ Tampa Bay Rays
Team Total: Blue Jays
"Over" 4 -115, "Under" 4 -115
There are going to be a lot of games this season where the Blue Jays' team total is going to be topped.
The Jays are going for their first 3-0 start in 20 years and should be in position to get the win tonight against a pitcher they hit fairly well last season.
Tampa sends Jake Odorizzi to the bump to try and get the Rays in the win column, but he sports a 1-2 record with a 5.71 ERA in three games last season versus Toronto. I watched Odorizzi's last Spring Training start and he looked very shaky and is not to be trusted tonight against a hot-hitting Jays team. I have a feeling that phrase will be repeated many, many times.
The first two games have seen the Jays get production from several different players, with Donaldson, Tulowitzki, Saunders and Thole all hitting home-runs so far this season. I expect more of the same from the Blue Birds tonight and expect them to improve to 3-0 on the season.
Pick: Team Total "Over" 4 -115
Chicago Cubs @ Los Angeles Angels
Will There Be A Run Scored In The First Inning
"Yes" +115, "No" -145
Before the season began, there was a lot to like about the World Series favorite Chicago Cubs. After Game 1 of the season, there is even more to like, in my opinion.
Hitters 1-4 in the lineup combined for seven of the 11 Cubs hits and four of the Cubs nine runs. They were led yesterday by their speedy leadoff man, Dexter Fowler, who went 3-for-4 with a walk and three runs scored. His ability to get on base set the plate for newly-acquired prize players Jason Heyward and Ben Zobrist.
They were able to get a quick run in the first in last night's game, and I expect more of the same tonight against an unproven commodity in Andrew Heaney. Heaney had an OK 3.49 ERA in 18 starts last season but a poor 1.20 WHIP.
I expect Fowler to get on base right out of the gate and use his speed to cause havoc on the base pads and set the table for the middle of the lineup.
Pick: "Yes" +115
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Our favourite Southern California home & techno label, Desert Hearts Records, dives into February with a contemporary compilation titled 'Family & Friends Vol. three′. The third installment of their compilation sequence highlights a few of the greatest home and techno producers within the recreation – as we are able to all the time anticipate. With a mixture of recognized artists and new, up-and-coming names, it's a must-listen.
They come from the center and crush on the dance flooring.
We're wanting ahead to listening to these tracks on a dancefloor very quickly. Their spring competition is making its approach again to Los Coyotes Indian Reservation in SoCal in only a few months, and we'll be dusty dancing all weekend lengthy.


Kildress Plumbing Suppliers are a family business who have been perfecting family homes since 1978. From humble beginnings our showroom now represents the largest bathroom, tile, multi-fuel stove and range cooker display in Northern Ireland, featuring more than 60 bathroom suites, a comprehensive display of multi-fuel stoves and range cookers, and a magnificent range of shower enclosures and equipment. Alongside the many working model ranges, baths and showers on display, is an array of tiles and accessories to compliment all our products. In fact we have recently introduced fireplaces and hearths to our showroom to offer our customers even more choice.
You can rest assure, therefore, that when it comes to bathrooms and range cookers, we have a wealth of experience, which we have applied to providing the very best for our customers in terms of quality, choice and price. Our company has been built around the core beliefs of quality products, innovative displays, competitive prices, extensive product knowledge and commitment to customer service. We would hope that our showroom is the prime example of those core beliefs in action.
We are premier dealers for quality brands such as Laufen, Lefroy Brooks, Roca, Hansgrohe, Jacuzzi, Morso, Charnwood, Rayburn, Stanley, Heritage Bathrooms and tiles from Arcana and Unicom Starker.


Citation: BRILHANTE, R. S. N. et al. Research advances on the multiple uses of Moringa oleifera : a sustainable alternative for socially neglected population. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, v. 1, p. 1-10, 2017.


text:
Jarama war eine brasilianische Automarke.

Markengeschichte
Ein Unternehmen aus Rio de Janeiro begann Mitte der 1970er Jahre mit der Produktion von Automobilen. Der Markenname lautete Jarama. Anfang der 1980er Jahre endete die Produktion.

Fahrzeuge
Im Angebot standen VW-Buggies. Auf ein Fahrgestell von Volkswagen do Brasil wurde eine offene Karosserie aus Fiberglas montiert. Ein luftgekühlter Vierzylinder-Boxermotor im Heck trieb die Hinterräder an. Eckige Scheinwerfer waren in die Fahrzeugfront integriert.

Weblinks
 João F. Scharinger:  Lexicar Brasil (portugiesisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Brasilien)
Unternehmen (Rio de Janeiro)
Gegründet in den 1970er Jahren
Aufgelöst in den 1980er Jahren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Nginx configuration for high traffic site I have a site that gets about 10k simultaneous users, now I have set up nginx on the server with management via plesk.
I state that only this site runs on this server.
My server machine has these characteristics:
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor
processor       : 0
processor       : 1
processor       : 2
processor       : 3
processor       : 4
processor       : 5
processor       : 6
processor       : 7
processor       : 8
processor       : 9
processor       : 10
processor       : 11
processor       : 12
processor       : 13
processor       : 14
processor       : 15

# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           62Gi       6.8Gi        16Gi       139Mi        39Gi        55Gi
Swap:         7.5Gi          0B       7.5Gi

While my nginx configuration is as follows:
#user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  notice;
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  info;

#pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

include /etc/nginx/modules.conf.d/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #tcp_nodelay        on;

    #gzip  on;
    #gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";

    server_tokens off;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

# override global parameters e.g. worker_rlimit_nofile
include /etc/nginx/*global_params;

to serve a number of users that is around 10k simultaneously, what configuration can I perform of nginx?
Also, is there any possibility to do it directly from plesk?
Thank you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Modesto Omiste es una provincia del departamento de Potosí al sur de Bolivia.  Su capital es Villazón.

Modesto Omiste es una de las dieciséis provincias en las que se encuentra dividido el departamento de Potosí. Se encuentra encuadrada entre los paralelos 21°39' y 22°66' Sur y los meridianos 65°10' y 66°08' Oeste. Limita al norte con la provincia de Sud Chichas, al este con Tarija y al sur con la provincia argentina de Jujuy. La provincia se extiende sobre unos 120 km de este a oeste y 65 km de norte a sur.

Su área (según diversas fuentes) es de 2.554 a 2.260 km², con una densidad demográfica de 14,2 habitantes/km  en el año (2001).

La provincia fue creada por Ley de 18 de septiembre de 1958, durante el gobierno de Hernán Siles Suazo, separándose de la provincia de Sud Chichas. Recibe el nombre en honor a Modesto Omiste Tinajeros (1840-1898), educador boliviano.

Fisiografía
Su territorio es muy accidentado y seco, prácticamente árido, destacándose la falla que determina la existencia del estrecho valle (quebrada) por la cual corre de sur a norte el río Villazón. En esta falla existen algunas vegas o zonas más húmedas y por la misma corren las principales vías de comunicación como la antigua carretera y el ferrocarril que une a Argentina con el Altiplano en Bolivia.

La capital de la provincia se encuentra en el límite sur de la misma y es la pequeña ciudad de Villazón que se encuentra conurbada con la argentina de La Quiaca.

Demografía
Según las proyecciones derivadas del censo de 2001 la población estable sería de 38.364 habitantes concentrada casi en su 85% en la ciudad de Villazón y su inmediato entorno. Según el censo de 2012 la población es de 44906 habitantes.
El 97% de la población habla el español y un 44% habla o entiende el quechua. El 84% es católica y el 11% adscribe a alguna denominación protestante, la presencia de una población significativa protestante es, como en la mayoría de Latinoamérica un hecho reciente (de la segunda mitad del ), con todo la mayoría de la población mantiene elementos de prácticas religiosas ancestrales sincretizadas con el cristianismo.

Distribución de la población según oficios

El 10% de la población activa está compuesta por profesionales y empresarios.

El 50% de la población se concentra más al comercio activo de la frontera, el 20% se distribuyen en obreros.

El 20 % de la población está dedicada a la agricultura y al pastoreo de subsistencia (cultivo de papas, quinoa, maíz en pequeñas huertas o chacras; ganadería extensiva o pastoricia de caprinos, ovinos y llamas), un 11% de la población está dedicado a un tipo de industria prácticamente artesanal, el 77% de la población se cuenta en el sector servicios (gran parte de los ingresos económicos se obtiene con el tráfico hacia la República Argentina).

Municipios
Esta provincia comprende sólo a un municipio:

 Villazón,

el cual contiene a los siguientes pequeños cantones:

 Berque
 Casira
 Chagua
 Chipihuayco
 Mojo
 Moraya
 Sagnasti
 Salitre
 San Pedro de Sococha
 Sarcari
 Sococha
 Villazón
 Yuruma

Notas

Modesto Omiste


text:
Q: How to copy tables base on schema name in Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer I am copying tables from Source_Test database Destination_Test database.
Using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer.
It's copies all the tables from Source_Test to Destination_Test
But i want tables having schema 'TestSchema'.
Main problem is, it copies all table having dbo schema. Even i set  this.CopyAllTables = false; still it copies it. How to restrict it.
I had tried following :
public class CopyTable : Transfer, ISchemaCopy
{
   private void CopyTables()
   {
      this.CopyAllTables = false;
      var server = new Server(new ServerConnection(connection));
      var script = this.ScriptTransfer().Cast<string>();
   }
}

A: I think the code below does what you are trying to achieve.  If it's set to copy tables from only one schema by providing a SchemaName it will add only that schema's tables for copying.
The key thing is building up a collection of tables that are the ones you want to copy and explicitly adding that collection to ObjectList. Don't forget to change the ServerName and the DatabaseName to something real.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;

/* Needs references to:
 *
 * System.Data
 * Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo
 * Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc
 * Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo
 * Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended
 */

namespace CopyTablesExample
{
    class Program
    {
        public class CopyTables : Transfer
        {
            public string SchemaName { get; set; }
            public string DatabaseName { get; set; }
            public string ServerName { get; set; }

            public IEnumerable<string> GetScript()
            {
                //This is what we will return
                IEnumerable<string> scriptStrings = null;

                if (this.DatabaseName == null) {
                    throw new Exception("DatabaseName property not set.");
                }

                if (this.ServerName == null) {
                    throw new Exception("ServerName property not set.");
                }

                var server = new Server(new ServerConnection(ServerName));
                this.Database = server.Databases[this.DatabaseName];

                //Turn off all objects.  Below we will start turning on what we want.
                //You may wish to add more object types.
                this.CopyAllObjects = false;

                if (this.SchemaName == null) {
                    //No schema means all tables
                    this.CopyAllTables = true;
                }
                else {
                    //A specific schema means all tables from that schema
                    this.CopyAllTables = false;
                    //We only want to copy tables in a specific schema.
                    List<Table> tablesToCopy = new List<Table>();
                    foreach (Table t in this.Database.Tables) {
                        if (t.Schema.Equals(this.SchemaName)) {
                            tablesToCopy.Add(t);
                        }
                    }

                    //Add specifically the tables we want which are from the schema we want
                    this.ObjectList.AddRange(tablesToCopy);
                }

                try {
                    scriptStrings = this.ScriptTransfer().Cast<string>();
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    Console.WriteLine("We got an exception.");
                    throw;
                }
                return scriptStrings;
            }
        }

        static void Main(String[] Args)
        {
            //Only set a SchemaName in line below, when you want to restrict yourself to copying that schema's tables.
            CopyTables ct = new CopyTables() { ServerName = "xyz", DatabaseName = "abc", SchemaName = "junk" } ;
            var copyTablesScript = ct.GetScript();

            //For validation, display the script as generated
            foreach (var item in copyTablesScript) {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            var discard = Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}


text:
Land recycling is the reuse of abandoned, vacant, or underused properties for redevelopment or repurposing.

Land recycling aims to ensure the reuse of developed land as part of: new developments; cleaning up contaminated properties; reuse and/or making use of used land surrounded by development or nearby infrastructure. End-uses from land recycling may include: mixed-use, residential, commercial, or industrial developments; and/or public open space such as urban open space used by urban parks, community gardens; or larger open space reserves such as regional parks.

Since many abandoned and underutilized properties lie within economically distressed and disadvantaged communities, land recycling often benefits and stimulates re-investment in historically under-served areas. However, due to the previous use of these sites, there can be many health hazards when dealing with the land, such as metals, plastics, asbestos, glass shards, gas generation, and radioactive substances. Such environmentally distressed properties, with site clean-up and mitigation considerations, are commonly referred to as brownfields.

Types of Land Recycling

Adaptive Building
The most common form of land recycling is the redevelopment of abandoned or unused building properties. Adaptive building is the development of an old abandoned building to repurpose it into a new building design and/or new purpose. Saving the old buildings and reusing the materials within the buildings is considered more environmentally sustainable than building all new structure with new materials. This repurposing of materials in the existing adaption or to a different building site could include wood, metals, roofing, brick, etc. and would provide products for new projects to prevent excessive waste. Site disruptions are also decreased due to less destruction and building. The adaptive process also provides a more sustainable way to promote environmentally friendly infrastructure. It also reduces the amount of pollutants that can contaminate the soil and water around the abandoned building. This can be particularly beneficial when repurposing buildings which are near schools, residential neighborhoods, or other workplaces by mitigating occupational hazards from such contaminants commonly found in construction. This is also thought of to be more economic friendly, including direct and indirect cost savings to the construction company and to the building owner. The cost of producing new materials and the services that come with manufacturing these products are much more costly than repurposing existing buildings.

Brownfield Redevelopment
The EPA classifies a brownfield as "A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant." Currently in the United States there are more than 450,000 brownfields, which when improved have been shown to improve the surrounding environmental stress. Funding for these hazardous sites may be obtained through the EPA's Brownfields and Land Revitalization Program which empowers municipalities, landholders, and land developers to safely clean up and repurpose the land.

Non-Infrastructure Redevelopment
Land Recycling can also include those spaces that are not within urbanized environments are involve a building. Agricultural reuse is a very important part of land reuse where an existing field might have been abandoned due to nutrient depletion, and can be developed into something else. In addition to this the redevelopment of underutilized land into parks, community gardens and open space reservoirs are also prominent.

Other terms
Other commonly used terms can relate to or serve as synonyms of land recycling:
 Infill development: development that takes place within existing communities, making maximum use of the existing infrastructure instead of building on previously undeveloped land;
 Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs; and
 Brownfield development: development of real property for which its reuse may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant.

Benefits

Social and economic revitalization

Land recycling helps clean up and revitalize inner cities by returning abandoned, idle, or underused sites to productive use, bolstering community spirit, creating jobs and boosting local tax-revenues.

The re-use of land revitalizes communities and renews economic activity, particularly in under-served urban areas. Abandoned, idled, and vacant properties often lie in former industrial and commercial areas, typically in urban and historically disadvantaged areas. These sites can be community eyesores, negatively impacting social and economic development, and often human and environmental health. The failure to redevelop brownfields in particular translates into potentially more exposure to toxins and the loss of economic and housing benefits that can come from appropriate redevelopment.

By putting these properties to new and productive use, land recycling encourages growth of businesses and services in such areas, helping to break up concentrations of poverty, creating jobs, and stimulating additional private investment and local tax-revenue. An abandoned, well-situated, factory site can be cleaned up and redeveloped into a much-needed mixed-use development with a grocery store, senior housing, and access to public transportation. The addition of neighborhood-serving retail, affordable housing, or a clean public park in a disadvantaged community can boost local spirit and improve overall quality of life.

Alternative to sprawl
Land recycling increases density in urban areas, by reducing urban sprawl and unplanned, low-density, automobile-dependent developments.

Sprawl development scatters housing, public transit, jobs and other amenities farther apart, demanding more frequent use of cars for travel. The increase in miles travelled by vehicles causes a range of health and environmental problems, including air pollution, increased greenhouse gas emissions, a larger occurrence of traffic jams, and asthma. This results in a lower quality of life for residents, ever-increasing commute times, and the health implications of smog.

By moving new jobs, economic opportunities and community amenities farther from established populations, sprawl development can cripple once-thriving cities. This trend takes a toll on the socio-economic health of urban communities as growth retreats from the urban center.

Rather than take advantage of existing infrastructure such as roads, public transit, and public works, building sprawl projects abandons these resources and demands further consumption of land and resources.

Land recycling offers an alternative to sprawl development. It reuses vital infrastructure and public resources and creates compact, full-service neighborhoods that reduce vehicle use and carbon dependence. Rebuilding in urban neighborhoods generates reinvestment in vibrant economic and cultural centers, rather than drawing away much-needed resources. As daily commute times decrease due to proximity to urban centres, quality of life can also be increased.

Directing development to urban cores
Redirecting population growth and growth of businesses to already urbanized areas can help in the fostering of sustainable communities, as buildings are already near existing infrastructure and amenities, not requiring new infrastructure to be built as would be the case in greenfield development. Applying sustainable principles to land use and growth management requires that growth be redirected from scattered fringe areas back to our urban cores, where people, services and infrastructure already exist. Building up urban areas positively increases population density, providing the critical mass to support local services from coffee shops to grocery stores, public transit to libraries and symphony halls. Land recycling can also assist in the creation of affordable housing, as it increases housing stocks due to its use of land previously unused for residential purposes.

Addressing climate change
Land recycling effectively curbs greenhouse-gas emissions by encouraging smart, compact growth that reduces vehicle dependence. Redevelopment within an urban core reduces commuting distances and therefore average vehicle miles traveled (VMTs) by creating residential, office, and other amenities within close proximity. Since transportation alone accounts for a third of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted in the United States, land recycling offers a key tool in any fight against climate change. A recent Urban Land Institute study found that compact urban developments reduce the number of vehicle miles traveled (VMTs) by 20 to 40 percent because users are closer to amenities and can more easily rely on public transportation. Smart urban planning is therefore crucial to maximizing energy savings and overall reduction of greenhouse gases.

Leaders in Energy and Environmental Design Certification

 the green movement has started to emphasize the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, a certification system that rewards the design, construction and operation of high-performance green buildings. LEED certification signifies incorporation of smart building design and technology to reduce energy use and minimize waste. However, even if a building is energy-efficient, the energy required to travel to and from a LEED certified site may well exceed the energy saved through energy-efficient features. LEED certified buildings and other developments best benefit climate change when they reuse infill sites and access existing resources.

LEED Certification can also benefit the occupant of the reused building. As sustainability becomes more prioritized within the building movement, having a LEED certified building becomes more desirable This certification may persuade public opinion and encourage more of the population to seek services by a company that prioritizes sustainability. In addition to this, some governmental bodies provide monetary benefits for prioritizing a sustainable cite such as tax breaks and stipends.

Sustainability
Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

By encouraging the recycling rather than the consumption of land, land recycling promotes smart growth and responsible, sustainable patterns of development. A 2001 study by George Washington University shows that for every acre of brownfield redeveloped,  of undeveloped land is conserved.
Public Policies and Private Decisions Affecting the Redevelopment of Brownfields: An Analysis of Critical Factors, Relative Weights and Areal Differentials. As most brownfields and other abandoned sites are typically situated in urban areas, they tap into existing nearby infrastructure, limiting the need to build new roads, gridlines, and amenities, thereby reducing further land consumption. Each infill development prevents sprawl into open space, forests and agricultural land, preserving acres of undeveloped land.

Sustainable Land Remediation and Planning

Land development is an aspect of land recycling which involves urbanization and development of land, by reusing previously abandoned and unused land in commercial areas of larger cities. Sustainable Remediation is an aspect of land development where there is an increased focus the costs and benefits of certain aspects of land recycling. It aims to look at land remediation holistically considering not just the current environmental implications but also the long term social and economic implications. Co-design, is much more intentional and focuses on a multitude solutions by completing cost-benefit analyses, engaging in more inclusive conversations with stakeholders along with environmental impacts like energy and resources which may be consumed during land recycling projects. The Society of American Military Engineers have focused on using policy implemented by the American department of defense to ensure more sustainable practices. Looking more specifically some efforts being implemented by the S.A.M.E include composition of a sustainability remediation tool which allows for estimates of specific technologies to be considered when analyzing land remediation. Planning and design for land development and transformation by using co-design has resulted in better shared information on systems. These have worked well on sustainable land development as well as improved communication and handling of barriers, ultimately creating a better integrated program on a global scale.

It has been used in cities in Australia as part of global urban research programs to create land remediation solutions. The overall process involves four phases which included co-design which resulted in outcomes for policy and practice, research and knowledge and solution development. In this case, the sustainable remediation framework was created and used to create better co-design processes starting small scale locally and extending out to global scales. The process was split into three components starting with assisting in creating urban goals on each level of the scale which align with world views and influence, the policies which are in place and finally, to local technology and knowledge. Then shifting to look at how the urban goals affect urban systems like finances, environmental, and social capital as well as more physical systems like energy and water. Allowing better understanding of the costs and benefits of different land remediation goals. Then the process then looks more long term and focuses on the outcomes over time to understand the overarching effects of the implemented land remediation goals. Finally, the process looks at the major parts of the framework which need to be improved or need more focus.

A push for sustainable land remediation can be seen all over the world, when looking at urban planning and can also be connected to large public health scares or changes in social norms. In the UK after cholera outbreaks in the 19th century, people started to pay more attention to the way homes were being built and where they were being built. Now as urbanization has increased, the push is for using land which has already been partially or completely developed and transforming it into something different. The inclusion of garden cities, which are cities built with the intention of avoiding disrupting previously present natural ecosystems. An example is the Hampstead Garden Suburb which began formulating plans that focused on preservation of natural beauty in the area by avoiding the removal of plant life that was already there and working to build around it. This also spread to other countries in Europe with Germany building its first garden city in 1909 and Canberra in Australia where the main goal was to reestablish and maintain forest cover around the city. Later, Design with Nature written by Ian McHarg, influenced a lot of the sustainable development goals which were implemented all over the world.

In the US, a city beautification movement started in the early 20th century, many cities were redeveloped as part of the movement but Chicago was the most influenced. As the city was being physical improved they found that there was a need for more focus on development and its social implications. As time went on there were also more conversations about the influence that people have on their environment with more literature about the effects of environmental degradation became more mainstream. This allowed more intersectional land development goals to be implemented when looking at the different needs of people in different countries.

Challenges
While land recycling has great economic and environmental benefits, without the right tools, skills, and knowledge, reusing land can produce certain challenges.  Obstacles to redevelopment may include lack of funding and increased scrutiny. These can particularly impede projects on brownfields, which carry the stigma of contamination.

Market factors
Because idled and underused infill sites are often located in distressed urban areas concerns arise about crime, safety, and access to quality education and services. These and other market factors frequently pull development to open land near traditionally desirable communities and away from urban infill sites.

Greenfields competition
Brownfields and infill sites must compete with attractive, undeveloped suburban and rural land, also called greenfield land. When considering the real or perceived risks and costs of land recycling, a greenfield development may seem more economically sensible as the immediate costs are typically less than developing on an infill or brownfield site. However, it is important to consider the long-term economic gain of land recycling and the added social and environmental rewards of sustainable development.

Brownfields
As defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency, a brownfield site is "real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant". In other words, brownfield sites comprise abandoned, idled, or underused industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination.

Brownfield Remediation
Due to differences in regulation, production techniques, and heavy industrial use in the past, it is difficult to attract those willing to tackle the uncertainty and obstacles associated with potential clean up. Sites that are contaminated can cause public health risks, including physical risks like uncovered holes, unsafe structures, and sharp objects. Past industrial activities can leave behind chemical contamination, and people may become exposed to these chemicals when entering the properties. Sites that have high levels of land contamination have a high cost of remediation. Nature-based solutions is an idea being talked about to produce a more environmental space. Nature-based solutions can be looked at as policies and approaches to environmental issues that are in benefit to human health and biodiversity. An example would include developing a permeable green area, from these brownfield sites. Phytoremediation is another environmentally friendly approach for brownfield remediation. Phytoremediation programs reduce contaminants in the soil, water and air through planting different types of plants. Important metals that are harmful to human health, such as selenium, zinc, nickel and iron, are removed from contaminated soil through this process. These procedures are inexpensive because the plants rely on sunlight and the recycled nutrients in the ground. Although, phytoremediation cannot be used the same way in every destination due to different types of plants being nurtured differently in different types of environments. It depends on the soil, where the plant is placed, if it is getting enough nutrients to thrive, etc. The plants end up being so greatly polluted from heavy metals that they need to be disposed of. Thermal treatment is used as a disposal option. Thermal treatment implicates the combustion of the waste materials through machines that produce high enough temperatures, which decomposes the organic molecules within the plant.  This treatment is typically used in the residential and industrial scale, making it useful for brownfield sites.

Uncertainty and costs
Assessing whether or not a site is contaminated can be a costly process that deters land reuse. Potential purchasers are often unwilling or unable to risk an investment in a site assessment for a property that may require cleanup they cannot afford. Even if a site has been purchased, concerns over cleanup costs may further stall redevelopment. Uncertainty over time, cost or a high price for cleanup leaves many brownfield sites in development limbo.

Project financing
Obtaining private front-end financing for brownfield cleanup can be a difficult process. Since financing is more readily available for development on greenfields, infill and brownfield sites are often passed over.

Environmental Justice
The concern for contamination of new occupants of a redeveloped brownfield is a concern. Communities of color and low income are disproportionately affected by pollution and brownfield sites offer a higher risk to the communities surrounding them. Many suggest that brownfield programs are a good alternative to the Superfund Act, but the standards of cleanup need to be highly considered in order to avoid future contamination.

Environmental-liability risks
Although recent changes in some country's federal laws provide some liability relief to new purchasers of contaminated properties, the law remains very complex and many state laws still have strict liability covering real property. Thus, in many cases, any current or past property owner can potentially be legally and financially liable regardless of who is responsible for contamination. This liability web continues to throw a chill on many brownfield projects even in the presence of regulatory reforms designed to encourage redevelopment. A common belief among many brownfield owners is that it is less risky and cheaper to abandon or "mothball" a facility than to conduct a site assessment that could trigger large cleanup costs and potential liability.

Regulatory requirements
The potentially complex process of successfully redeveloping an infill site, particularly a brownfield, can challenge land recycling interest and proposals.  Understanding and complying with federal, state, and local legal and regulatory requirements can be daunting for some property owners and developers. Guidance from legal specialists and environmental cleanup consultants is often needed to design, develop, and guide a project through the process of regulatory requirements and permitting approvals.

Gentrification
Because most communities with underutilized buildings are those in poverty, an existing company coming in and investing in reimagining it can raise a concern of gentrification. The new building can lead to wealthier people coming in and causing displacement of existing residents. Depending on the building occupancy, such as a new apartment complex charging a higher rent, this can drive for higher priced services to come in and eventually push out existing residents who can no longer afford to live in the area.

Implementations

Land Recycling in the EU
An in-depth examination of land recycling in different countries shows many different perspectives on implementations of land recycling. The general European focus looked at land use in the EU and the importance of reducing new land use as well as reducing addition of impervious surface which disrupts natural ecosystems. Beginning with research, a database maintained by the Copernicus Programme is used in the EU to monitor land use changes, its main components are Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Urban Atlas (UA). Each of these has its own indicators for measuring increasing land use and increasing urbanization, for Corine Land Cover the flows of land recycling are split based on previously developed and undeveloped land because they each have different potential to produce green urban infrastructure. For the Urban Atlas database, the focus is the same but more geographically and theme specific accuracy so it used to test more of the land recycling indicators. The indicators were tested in all the countries in Europe from 1990 to 2002 in three sections, the tests were used to compare projections and determine the meaningfulness of land recycling using data from the CLC and UA datasets. The results of the data analysis showed little to no trends in land recycling and more variation in between the different European countries. The approach of the EU then focused more on the large scale environmental impacts of land recycling by quantification and identification of places where land use could be improved.

Land Recycling in Germany
On a smaller scale, Germany focused on limiting the amount of land conversion specifically for settling and traffic to 30 ha per day starting in 2002 as a part of the National Sustainability Strategy. They also incentivized urban development and improvement by making it easier for contractors to obtain permits to develop urban areas. Studies were done to see the effectiveness of the implementation of this policy by looking at Stralsund. The city was chosen for its ability to be developed as a mostly rural part of Germany as well as for its appeal for not only younger families looking for in expensive places to settle but also for companies looking for places to develop. The land development of Stralsund was then monitored from 1992 to 2018, the focus of development started with industrialization of the outskirts of the town, then brownfield transformation and finally, residential development. Cost benefit also played a big role in the conversion of pieces of land which hadn't been in use for a long period of time like, a military property. As development continued, there was also compensation for interference with ecosystems and natural spaces by addition of green spaces and by planting trees. When comparing both the old land use plan and the new land use plan, they found that the cost of the new had the potential to save 55% of costs, but ultimately there wasn't much change between the results of the old and the new land use plans. The application of an accelerated inner urban development plan was neither advantageous nor non-advantageous, for Stralsund, Germany, because of the previous structure of the policy.  The country of Germany also had goals to reach land degradation neutrality by 2030 by reaching its sustainable development goals specifically based on soil improvement.

Germany has focused a lot on brownfield development as much of Europe with that including not just contaminated land but also land which was previously developed. The push for target amounts of recycled land stems from status quo influence with other countries development of brownfield mitigation work. In Leipzig, Germany improvement of land and community quality was done by creating more urban forestry. With increased research of the people's response to the improved brownfields generally quality of life was improved. Some research shows that the greenspaces though positive needed to be made more usable for improvement of quality of life. Mainly stakeholders have a say in the way greenspace is allocated in Germany, so there is more of a push to ensure policy matches with what is beneficial for the people who would be using greenspaces not just in Germany but in other European countries.

Land Recycling Programs in the United States

Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania a land recycling program was established to promote the voluntary clean up and reuse of contaminated sites. This program was established in 1995 and is also known as the Voluntary Cleanup Program. This program aims to set four main standards, the first is to set structured standards. This allows for public knowledge of the cost of cleaning up a site, and ensures the protection of the present and future use of the site. The second standard is granted liability relief. The third standard promotes transparency by giving specific time frames for clean ups and routine reporting of what is being done on the site. Lastly, the fourth standard for this land recycling program is providing financial assistance for cleanups.

Examples

Ghirardelli Square
Ghirardelli Square is in San Francisco, California and is the center of many examples of land recycling and building reuse. Designed by Lawrence Halprin and William Wurster opening in 1964, this was one of the first examples of major land recycling in the United States. Surrounding this square is many buildings and waterfront properties that were originally used for production of local goods as well as transportation through the bay. No longer needed for their original uses, these buildings have been transformed and retrofitted to accommodate the needs of the community and attract tourism.

The inclusion of new retail spaces, offices, and residential properties in these existing abandoned buildings not only put to use otherwise empty spaces but also prevent the erection of new structures and therefore use less materials, energy, and land. In addition to this, Ghirardelli Square also shows the change of building use to reflect the needs of the residents. Churches specifically have changed from predominantly Christian to other religious uses or convert into secular uses such as housing and businesses.

Foundation Hotel
The Foundation Hotel in Detroit, Michigan is an Adaptive reuse project designed by local firm McIntosh Poris Associates (MPA) with collaboration with Simone Deary Design group. This project actually combined two adjacent buildings that were not in use. The main building was built in 1929 and originally housed the city's oldest fire department. The additional building was once home to Pontchartrain Wine Cellars.  In 2013 the fire department moved out and the building was left unoccupied for over a year until bought by Aparium Hotel Group.

This project focused on the new needs of the community while still preserving the aesthetic and incorporated Historic preservation in their work. This is significant because as stated above, gentrification can be a major negative effect during land recycling and the attempt to maintain the existing exterior of the building counteracts this.

Wonder Bread Factory
Washington, D.C.'s Wonder Bread Factory sat in Shaw neighborhood from early 1913 to the mid 1980s in full production. After the company moved out of the space the building was abandoned and vacant for almost 20 years until Douglas Development, founded by Douglas Jemal, bought it in 1997. The building sat vacant for another 15 years until it was redeveloped and converted it into offices in 2013.

This building also pulled on Historic preservation by minimizing the level of exterior renovation as much as possible while still creating a new use for a space that was highly needed in the community.  This building is 98,000 square feet and is now Loft styles offices available to the public.

See also
Bioremediation
Environmental design
Green development
Green infrastructure
Green urbanism
Land banking
Land development
Land reclamation
Land rehabilitation
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
New Urbanism
Superfund
Sustainable architecture
Sustainable city
Sustainable design
Sustainable development
Urban planning

References

External links
 Center for Creative Land Recycling

Land use
Sustainable development
Sustainable urban planning
New Urbanism
Urban studies and planning terminology
Environmental issues with soil
Redevelopment
Recycling


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Divorce among factors driving kids to drink
by Carolyn Moynihan Aug 13, 2008 Apr 19, 2020 / < 1 min /
Divorce is a leading contributor to early drinking, a study of nearly 3600 American adults shows. Physical and sexual abuse were the strongest of five types of negative experience identified by those who started drinking before the age of 15. Also significant were living with a mentally ill family member and substance abuse in the home.
Researchers at the Boston School of Public Health, reporting in the journal Pediatrics this month, said adults who reported any of those five childhood experiences were more likely not only to drink early, but to drink specifically to cope with their problems. One reason these children may start drinking, say the researchers, is lack of adult supervision.
Childhood abuse raised the risk two- to three-fold, while having a family member who was mentally ill or a substance abuser doubled the odds of early drinking. Adults whose parents had divorced or separated when they were children were 70 per cent more likely to report early drinking than those whose parents had stayed together. ~ Reuters/Yahoo, August 11


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Get Maria Cristina Mena from Amazon.com
Maria Cristina Mena Biography
This Biography consists of approximately 10 pages of information about the life of Maria Cristina Mena.
Dictionary of Literary Biography on Maria Cristina Mena
María Cristina Mena was not a prolific writer. She published in a concentrated manner during only two periods of her seventy-two-year life: from 1913 to 1916, when ten short stories and one nonfiction article appeared, mainly in Century Magazine, and from 1942 to 1953 when her five children's books came out. Still, her output is an important part of Mexican American literary history. As a local-color writer, she was recognized during her life as one of the first Mexican American writers in English. As such, she was seen as an important interpreter of life in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Mexico for audiences in the United States. Yet, by the time criticism about Mexican American literature began to take form during the 1970s and 1980s, she had been relegated to a secondary position, seen as portraying strong female characters at best and as acquiescing to U.S. colonialism of Mexico at worst...
More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Maria Cristina Mena.
Maria Cristina Mena from Gale. ©2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.


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Opening 740-metre bridge leading to Dubai Creek Harbour
(The project is part of improvements of Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing )
Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) opens (Saturday 27th of June 2019) a flyover leading to the Western entrance of the Dubai Creek – Dubai Creek Harbour; an important phase of the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing Improvement Project. The project encompasses the improvement of Nadd Al Hamar Street - Ras Al Khor Road intersection, along with extensive improvements of Ras Al Khor Road.
"The project, which includes the construction of a new bridge of 3 lanes and 740-metre length, links the traffic inbound from Dubai-Al Ain Road and Al Khail Road heading Eastwards to Dubai Creek – Dubai Creek Harbour. The bridge has a capacity of 7500 vehicles per hour in the entry direction, and 3000 vehicles per hour in the exit direction," said His Excellency Mattar Mohammed Al Tayer, Director-General and Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of RTA.
"The project includes the construction of a new street of 4 lanes in each direction extending 1.5 km in addition to entry/exit points from and to the newly constructed buildings, to ease the movement of traffic inbound from Nadd Al Hamar Street-Ras Al Khor Road junction. The new network ensures free traffic flow to the newly constructed residential units at Dubai Creek area by linking with surrounding streets. Works completed included a modern lighting network of 108 light poles," added Al Tayer.
3 Contracts
The Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing Improvement Project is one of the biggest projects RTA is seeking to complete over the next few years. It includes the construction of a flyover crossing over the Dubai Creek to link Jaddaf area with the street separating Dubai Creek and Dubai Festival City.
The project is split into several contracts. The first contract, which has been accomplished, covered the construction of a bridge leading to the initial Western access of Dubai Creek – Dubai Creek Harbour.
Work is progressing on the other two contracts. The first contract covers improvement of Ras Al Khor Road from Nadd Al Hamar junction to Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed junction to ease the traffic flow on Ras Al Khor Road. It includes the construction of a 2-lane bridge with a capacity of 3000 vehicles per hour to ease the traffic from Nadd Al Hamar Northwards to Ras Al Khor Eastwards. It also includes the construction of a 2-lane tunnel with a capacity of 3000 vehicles per hour to ensure smooth traffic flow for motorists coming from Ras Al Khor Road Westwards heading to Nadd Al Hamar Street Northwards.
Besides, works include the construction of collector roads along Ras Al Khor Road extending 2.5 km. Works include improvements on a sector of 1.2 km on Nadd Al Hamar Street to accommodate the anticipated traffic volumes.
The second contract covers the construction of two flyovers. The first is a 2-lane flyover to ease the exit from the Dubai Creek Harbour to Ras Al Khor Road in the direction of the junction of Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road. The second flyover, which is situated near Bu Kadra junction, serves the traffic coming from the junction heading to Ras Al Khor Industrial Area, which eliminates the overlapping traffic at the junction. The contract includes improvements on Ras Al Khor Street between Dubai-Al Ain Road and Nadd Al Hamar Street together with service roads extending 4.2 km along Ras Al Khor Street. Works in these two contracts are expected to be completed by the fourth quarter of 2022.
The completion of the three contracts of the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing Improvement Project will reduce the journey time between the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Rd and Dubai-Al Ain Rd from 22 to 8 minutes. It will also serve mega development projects in the area such as Al Kheeran, Dubai Creek, and Meydan Horizons. Overall, it will serve more than 650 thousand residents.
Creek Harbour
Dubai Creek project (Dubai Creek Harbour) reflects Dubai's new vision. It forms a blend of creativity and excellence in the surrounds of the glittering Dubai Creek Tower taking the centre stage and posing as a global icon for the 21st century. It constitutes a unique addition to the skyline of Dubai and raises the city's profile among top metropolis along with a galaxy of mixed-use residential and commercial towers.


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EconomyCommentary
Payroll Tax Suspension Executive Order Is Legally Dubious, Economically Unnecessary
Joel Griffith	/ @joelgriffith / Adam Michel	/ @adamnmichel / August 10, 2020
The Constitution empowers only the Congress—not the president—to enact tax policy. (Photo: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
Joel Griffith / @joelgriffith
Joel Griffith is a research fellow in the Roe Institute at The Heritage Foundation.
Adam Michel / @adamnmichel
Adam Michel focuses on tax policy and the federal budget as a policy analyst in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.
President Donald Trump's new executive order, which suspends the employee portion of Social Security payroll taxes for the rest of the year, is legally dubious and unlikely to turn around the economy.
It is understandable that the president wants to help revive the American economy and give relief to Americans who continue to suffer economically. There are right now 13 million fewer people working than there were before the COVID-19 shutdown. And given an obstinate Congress, it's also understandable that the president is exploring alternative approaches to alleviate the economic pain.
Unfortunately, as history tells us, the temporary payroll tax suspension—which is 6.2% of a worker's paycheck—will likely not achieve either goal in a sustainable way. The executive order also appears to breach the bounds of powers granted to the executive branch by the Constitution and statute.
Earlier this year, Congress granted businesses leeway to defer the full payment of the 6.2% employer portion of the Social Security tax owed on the remainder of this year's wages through the end of 2022. However, Congress chose not to suspend the taxes for the employee portion.
It is important to understand that the payroll tax suspension is not a tax cut. It merely suspends collection of the tax and the president is gambling that Congress will turn the remittance delay into a permanent tax forgiveness.
Congress, Not the President, Enacts Tax Policies
Putting aside economic concerns for a moment, the Constitution empowers only the Congress—not the president—to enact tax policy.
However, the executive branch, through the Internal Revenue Service, bears responsibility for enforcing tax laws. Congress has authorized the secretary of the treasury (Section 7508A of the Internal Revenue Code) to delay tax deadlines by up to one year for a taxpayer "determined by the secretary to be affected by a federally declared disaster."
With all 50 states under federally declared COVID-19 emergencies, this is the section that the executive order relied upon to defer payment of the employee portion of the payroll tax without the corresponding congressional approval.
This interpretation of the law clearly expands the power granted by Congress beyond what was originally intended.
For instance, an entire county may be placed under an emergency order for a wildfire. This happened across Southern California in 2007-2008 in three counties. Under this tax code provision, the Treasury Department could delay tax collection for those "affected by" the fires. However, such an extension would not apply to the entire population of 9 million residing in those counties, the vast majority of whom neither suffered losses from nor were displaced from the fires.
In the midst of a flood, blizzard, or wildfire, filing one's taxes can be difficult, if not impossible. These hurdles in no way apply to gainfully employed taxpayers during the COVID-19 emergency who retain the requisite resources required to transmit these funds. Simply being located in a city or state where a federal disaster has been declared is insufficient to allow deferral of taxes by the treasury secretary under Section 7508A of the tax code.
Of course, navigating the federal bureaucracy—especially in the wake of a natural disaster—can be confounding. In some instances, this could result in the treasury secretary inadvertently failing to extend Section 7508A deferrals to qualified taxpayers.
To avoid this possibility, Congress chose to grant a 60-day mandatory tax payment extension for individuals with a principal place of residence within a declared disaster zone (Section 7508A(d)).
This automatic short-term tax deferral for all residents within the zone ensures relief for all those truly hurt by the disaster. However, it is very limited in geographic scope and time. A longer deferral under 7508A requires that the resident be personally "affected by" the disaster.
America's system of limited governance depends on an ongoing commitment to the rule of law in accordance with the Constitution's separation of powers—which thus demands that any blanket payroll tax suspension be authorized by Congress.
Creating tax policy through executive order threatens a further encroachment of the executive upon the legislative, just as President Barack Obama's immigration policy rewrite that resulted in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals did several years ago.
Any Economic Benefits Will Be Small
The economics of the policy matter as well. Regardless of the manner in which payroll tax payments are temporarily suspended, the near-term economic benefits will be small and there could be longer-term implications.
Payroll taxes are technically paid half by employers and half by employee. Congress has already delayed payment of the employer share of the payroll tax through the end of 2021, and full payment is not due until 2022—but those bills will eventually come due.
Delayed payments likely provided some immediate liquidity for businesses in the heat of the crisis, but now businesses need permanent policy to reopen and rebuild, not short-term Band-Aids.
The same is true for workers. Congress and the president have already delivered substantial relief to workers and continued aid is justified. But that aid should be temporary and targeted to those most in need—specifically the unemployed. While a payroll tax cut would likely put more money in Americans' pockets, at least temporarily, it is not targeted at those most in need.
Furthermore, temporary tax cuts simply do not bring the economic impact that their supporters often claim. While cutting taxes can be great for the economy, those cuts generally need permanence to yield sustainable positive economic growth.
While there could be certain economic conditions, such as a major drop in demand, where some would argue a temporary tax cut could be appropriate, if not optimal, we must remember that is not the situation the nation currently faces. Our economic situation is a result of government-imposed economic shutdowns and public fear of the virus, not some underlying economic weakness.
Indeed, the return of more than 9 million jobs over the past three months illustrates this point. Employment growth is following Americans' ability and willingness to leave their homes. This should tell policymakers that it's not economic stimulus that we need, but appropriate public health polices so that we can continue to open the economy.
Furthermore, delaying these payments does not mean wages will rise in any meaningful way, as some have suggested. That's because if a business stops collecting employee payroll taxes, it is opening itself up to a big tax bill with no way to pay it off and will likely therefore save additional funds to ensure future solvency.
But what if Congress approves a payroll tax holiday for the employer and employee portions of the payroll tax—forgiving these taxes rather than just delaying payment? Even in this scenario, economic results will likely not pan out as predicted by some.
Temporarily eliminating the employer share is unlikely to result in significant new hiring. The tax cost of paying workers is not responsible for the surge in unemployment. Nor is the employee portion of the taxes responsible for the decline in consumption. As stated earlier, the rise in unemployment and the drop in consumer spending stem from the government's response to COVID-19.
Second, Congress has already settled on a more targeted payroll tax cut for firms that are truly stressed by diminished revenues. The "employee retention tax credit" is designed to offset payroll taxes for struggling firms who maintain payrolls despite depressed business. If Congress chooses to provide further deficit-financed relief, the response should be targeted to those who need it most through existing programs.
The Right Way to Encourage Economic Recovery
But Congress can't keep the economy on life support forever. In fact, attempting to do so risks creating mass ongoing dependency on government largesse for both firms and workers.
The recovery will follow our ability to return to work, school, and social life. The severe contraction of the past six months came despite disposable income expanding significantly thanks to so-called stimulus checks and generous unemployment benefits.
However, spending and investment plummeted due to a combination of COVID-19 fears and governments continuing to restrict entertainers, retail, bars, restaurants, and travel destinations. Consumers are saving these funds rather than "stimulating" the economy.
And history can teach us a lesson here. Congress approved a 2% tax holiday on the employee component in 2010, which Obama signed into law. At the time, the Congressional Budget Office estimated that for each dollar of forgone tax revenue, the economy would grow between 30 cents and 90 cents and cost more than $100,000 for each job created.
Tax cuts designed as one-time stimulus payments, like temporary payroll tax cuts, are not the type of pro-growth tax reform that is most important in an economic slump.
If Congress wants to cut taxes, it should start with the ones that are most harmful to the economy and reduce expenditures as much or more than they cut revenue—and they should be permanent. Taxes on trade and taxes on business investment should take priority.
Trump's suggestion of permanently reducing payroll taxes is promising if the tax cut is used as an opportunity to also make the necessary structural reforms to Social Security. We should preserve the program for the most vulnerable while empowering workers to strengthen their financial futures through more control over their own money.
Suspending the payroll tax—whether done properly through congressional authorization or improperly through executive order—will likely not accomplish the mission of recovery and is not well targeted to those currently in need. It is simply the wrong tool for the challenges at hand.
Temporarily reducing employment costs does nothing to help a business without customers and does very little for those who are still unemployed. Most of the benefit of a payroll tax cut would go to the employers of the more than 140 million workers who are still fortunate enough to be working.
Likewise, borrowing from future generations to give someone an artificial and temporary raise today will mean more debt, higher taxes, and a slower recovery once the artificial high wears off.
An economic recovery requires reopening American society, not placing more of our operating costs on the national credit card. Implementing this—or any other—tax policy by executive order rather than through congressional authorization sets a troubling precedent of eroding Congress' constitutional powers to levy taxes.


Preheat oven to 180°C. Line sixteen 125ml (1/2-cup) capacity muffin pans with paper cases. Use an electric beater to beat the butter and sugar in a bowl until pale and creamy. Add eggs, 1 at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla. Fold in the flour and cocoa, alternately with the milk, until combined.
Spoon the mixture among paper cases. Bake for 15 minutes or until a skewer inserted into centres comes out clean. Set aside for 5 minutes to cool before turning onto a wire rack to cool completely.
To make the caramel topping, place the condensed milk, golden syrup and butter in a saucepan over low heat. Cook, stirring constantly, for 10 minutes or until mixture thickens.Transfer to a heatproof bowl and stir for 1-2 minutes or until cooled slightly.
Spread 2 teaspoons of caramel topping over each cupcake. Set aside for 30 minutes to set. Top cupcakes with biscuits to serve.
Prepare this recipe to the end of step 2 up to 1 day ahead. Store in an airtight container. Continue from step 3 up to 2 hours ahead.


text:
Blizzard with dev chat on Twitter
Blizzard is going to host a developer chat with World of Warcraft's director of production and game director on Twitter. It starts on Thursday, October 22, at 3:00 PM PDT.
Questions will be taken live through Twitter, so be sure to sign up for a Twitter account at https://twitter.com/signup and follow account @Warcraft in order to participate. If you're not a Twitter fan, all answers will be posted on the forums in a dedicated thread, with links to the answers provided through Twitter.


At Vertigo, we recently did some work on a Windows Azure application that needed a document database. We wound up using RavenDB. Getting everything running in Azure took a little bit of work. There are a few posts on this topic here and here, but they weren't quite up to date and did not include the RavenDB Management Studio. So I wanted to share what we learned and how we got RavenDB running in Windows Azure.
At the end of the day, what I want to do is run RavenDB in a Windows Azure Worker Role (with the RavenDB admin studio working) and use the RavenDB client in an ASP.NET MVC 3 or 4 application.
Now that we have our Solution and Projects setup, let's add RavenDB to the Azure Worker Role project (named RavenDbWorkerRole).
Search for RavenDB and click Install.
We need to make 2 key changes to get the Silverlight app to be bundled correctly. First we need to set the Build Action to Embedded Resource. Second, we need to change the Copy to Output Directory to Copy Always.
The RavenDB management studio, which is a Silverlight application, will take some time to download when running from Azure. Give it about a minute to load as the .XAP file is about 3MB.
What about performance? Take a look here.
If you run into Could not find transactional storage type: Raven.Storage.Managed.TransactionalStorage coming from Raven.Storage.Managed you most likely need to add an Assembly reference to Raven.Storage.Esent.dll.
If you get the following runtime exception "Could not find transactional storage type: Raven.Storage.Managed.TransactionalStorage from Raven.Storage.Managed" then you are probably missing an Assembly reference to Raven.Storage.Managed.dll.
Next up, I will show how to consume data from RavenDB in an Azure Web Role.
I was looking into why Emacs running in Cygwin on Windows 7 wasn't letting me quit when I entered control-x control-c and I found a post here that describes the problem.
Here is a screenshot showing control-x control-c showing up as control-x control-g.
# Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.
git commit -am "Adding .gitignore for Visual Studio 2010"
Microsoft had an interesting first day keynote for the MIX11 conference in Las Vegas. We put a cool Silverlight Photo SlideShow at Vertigo (http://www.vertigo.com/MIX11.aspx).
Very exciting first day of MIX11. Looking forward to what Microsoft has in store for tomorrow!
Microsoft has maintained an excellent release history for Silverlight. I have reformatted the data into a table for easier viewing and searching.
Foreign diacritical marks do not display in a TextBox control or a RichTextBox control in an Out-of-Browser (OOB) application on a Macintosh computer.
Note: A diacritic is a special mark added to a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning. Acute and grave accents, tildes, and cedillas are examples of diacritics.
Both the new application and the old application have valid signatures.
The new application is signed with a trusted certificate.
This update fixes an incompatibility issue between Microsoft Silverlight 4 GDR 1 (4.0.50826.0) and earlier versions of the Bing Toolbar. The current release of Bing Toolbar (version 6) is not affected.
This update improves the native extensibility of media stream source that uses the Silverlight technology and the Expression Encoder.
This update enables new Add Row functionality in the Silverlight DataGrid control.
This update enables you to increase the isolated storage size through registry keys or Group Policy settings.
This update improves the startup performance of applications on a computer that enables the Silverlight technology.
This update adds the mouse wheel support for out of browser applications on a computer that is running a Mac operating system.
This update resolves a security issue. Playback of PlayReady-protected content through a remote desktop connection or a terminal session is now disabled.
Memory leaks that occur when mouse capture is used. For example, memory leaks that occur when you use CaptureMouse() in drag-and-drop scenarios.
Memory leaks that occur when UserControl cannot be garbage-collected because it contains inline data template.
Fixes issues when using PlayReady on certain Mac and Windows configurations.
Fixes an issue where an AmbiguousMatchException exception occurs running on certain Silverlight 3.0 applications.
Fixes memory leak issues on Mac which occur playing streaming media for long periods of time.
Fixes an issue on Mac where the TAB key does not start the Control.KeyDown event as expected.
WCF RIA Services introduces enterprise class networking and data access for building n-tier applications including transactions, paging of data, WCF and HTTP enhancements.
Comprehensive printing support enabling hardcopy reports and documents as well as a virtual print view, independent of screen content.
Localization enhancements with Bi-Directional text, Right-to-Left support and complex scripts such as Arabic, Hebrew and 31 new languages including Vietnamese and Indic support.
Read and write files to the user's MyDocuments, MyMusic, MyPictures and MyVideos folder (or equivalent for non-windows platforms) for example storage of media files and taking local copies of reports.
COM automation enables access to devices and other system capabilities by calling into application components; for instance to access a USB security card reader.
Offline DRM, extending the existing Silverlight DRM powered by PlayReady technology to work offline. Protected content can be delivered with a persistent license so that users can go offline immediately and start enjoying their content.
Enhanced databinding support increases flexibility and productivity through data grouping/editing and string formatting within bindings.
Exclusive tooling support for Silverlight, new in Visual Studio 2010. Including a full editable design surface, drag & drop data-binding, automatically bound controls, datasource selection, integration with Expression Blend styling resources, Silverlight project support and full IntelliSense.
The security update addresses the vulnerabilities by modifying the way that Microsoft Silverlight handles pointers and Microsoft .NET CLR handles interfaces. For more information about the vulnerabilities, see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) subsection of Microsoft Security Bulletin MS10-060 for the specific vulnerability entry.
Broadens support for Unicode characters, particularly towards the GB18030 character set for China.
Smooth Streaming dynamically detects and seamlessly switches, in real time, the video quality of a media file delivered to Silverlight based on the consumer's local bandwidth and CPU conditions. This provides support for live and on-demand true HD (720p+) HTTP-based adaptive streaming.
Perspective 3D graphics allows any content to be placed a 3D plane, and still be live: video play and controls are still functional. You can rotate or scale live content in space without writing any additional code. Other effects include creating a queue in 3D and transitions.
Pixel Shader effects such as blur and drop shadow make content stand out in the page. They can be applied to any graphical content and also animated, for instance to make a button appear depressed on rollover you could use a drop shadow effect on the pressed visual state.
New Controls - Silverlight 3 is packed with over 60 high-quality, fully Skinable and customizable out-of-the-box controls such as charting and media, new layout containers such as dock and ViewBox, and controls such as AutoComplete, TreeView and DataGrid. The controls come with nine professional designed themes and full source code.
The new Out-of-Browser experience built into Silverlight 3 lets users place their favorite Silverlight applications directly onto any PC or Mac desktop. This is a radical improvement over traditional RIA offerings that have separate technologies for browser and desktop. Furthermore, the new experience enables Silverlight applications to work whether the computer is connected to the Internet or not.
Extensible media format support with RAW AV - The new Raw AV pipeline provides support for a wide variety of third-party codecs. Audio and video can be decoded outside the runtime and rendered in Silverlight, extending format support beyond the native codecs, adding support for features such as alpha video.
Deep Zoom technology in Silverlight allows users to see images on the Web as never before. The smooth, in-place zooming and panning that Deep Zoom allows is a true advancement and raises the bar on what image viewing should be. It is also now possible through this feature to make super-high-resolution images easily consumable on the Web.
Skinning & Styling in Silverlight makes it easy to create graphics and then use them to customize controls, such as the look of a scrollbar or chart. Silverlight provides XAML based templates for each control that allow designers to reach inside the control and change the layout or look of each part of the control without rewriting any code. For example, a scrollbar is made up of a layout container and a set of parts such as the up and down button and draggable thumb. Parts can be rearranged and their appearance changed to fully customize the control. In addition, controls can be themed by applying a style to offer a range of different colors or font sizes.
SketchFlow, part of Expression Studio 3, revolutionizes the speed and efficiency you can demonstrate a vision for an application. SketchFlow provides an informal and quick way to explore, iterate and prototype user interface scenarios allowing you to evolve your concepts from a series of rough ideas into a living breathing prototype that can be made as real as a particular client or project demands. This rapid, iterative and cost effective approach to prototyping allows you to concentrate on what matters most, being creative and building the best solution for your client, on time and within budget.
.NET Framework support with a rich base class library. This is a compatible subset of the full .NET Framework.
Powerful built-in controls. These include DataGrid, ListBox, Slider, ScrollViewer, Calendar controls and more.
Advanced skinning and templating support. This makes it easy to customize the look and feel of an application.
Deep zoom. This enables unparalleled interactivity and navigation of ultrahigh resolution imagery.
Comprehensive networking support. Out-of-the-box support allows calling REST, WS*/SOAP, POX, RSS and standard HTTP services, enabling users to create applications that easily integrate with existing back-end systems.
Advanced content protection. This now includes Silverlight DRM, powered by PlayReady, offering robust content protection for connected Silverlight experiences.
Improved server scalability and expanded advertiser support. This includes new streaming and progressive download capabilities, superior search engine optimization techniques, and next-generation in-stream advertising support.Vibrant partner ecosystem. Visual Studio Industry Partners such as ComponentOne LLC, Infragistics Inc. and Telerik Inc. are providing products that further enhance developer capabilities when creating Silverlight applications using Visual Studio.
Cross-platform and cross-browser support. This includes support for Mac, Windows and Linux in Firefox, Safari and Windows Internet Explorer.
Integration with Windows Media Servers: Improved Audio only stream log information to WMS. The supported logging fields by Silverlight are documented in the Silverlight 1 SDK.
Integration with Windows Media Servers: Silverlight plug-in will now log accurate information to WMS in streaming scenarios. The supported logging fields by Silverlight are documented in the Silverlight SDK.
Microsoft Silverlight is a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in for delivering richer user experiences on the Web. Silverlight significantly reduces development and deployment costs and provides enhanced Web audio and video streaming and playback using industry-leading Windows Media Technologies.
If you need to clean up a folder on Max OS X that was previously under Subversion, you need to remove the hidden ".svn/" folders.
You are now free of Subversion's source control.
We at Vertigo have teamed up with NBC Sport's for the 2nd year in a row to design and implement the online live HD video experience for Sunday Night Football for 2010.Vertigo teamed up with NBC Sports to take last year's Emmy-nominated SNF Extra experience to the next level with lots of exciting features leveraging Microsoft Smooth Streaming in a Silverlight application. For more information, make sure to check out Bob Cowherd's Blog post.
Vertigo has designed and implemented another great Silverlight 4 video player using Microsoft's Adaptive Streaming technology: IIS Smooth Streaming.
If you are a tennis fan, NBC Sports is the place to go!
write a simple HelloWorld application for the iPhone 4.
Each View Controller has an instance variable called "view" which is set to some type of UIView.
The @synthesize directive automatically generates the setters and getters for us, so all we have to implement for this class is the dealloc method.
Release the UILabel in the dealloc method.
Drag the myLabel Outlet to the View UILabel.
Once you have the app working in the Simulator, you can deploy to your device.
Novell's MonoTouch has support for Apple's new iPad!
// The name AppDelegate is referenced in the MainWindow.xib file.
We need to connect the UI controls by defining an define outlet in a class. These outlets are mapped into C# properties at runtime. To let the application delegate access the button and the label, we are going to have to connect these controls with it.
label.Text = "Hello iPad from C#"
I think MonoTouch is great and makes it really easy to leverage the .NET Framework on the iPhone/iPad stack.