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Champions League hits and misses: Donny van de Beek makes Man Utd statement
Van de Beek sends message to Ole Gunnar Solskjaer in Champions League win; Man City progress, while Liverpool slip-up at home; Callum Hudson-Odoi serves own reminder to Frank Lampard; watch Chelsea vs Tottenham live on Sky Sports on Super Sunday
Thursday 26 November 2020 11:47, UK
Donny van de Beek and Callum Hudson-Odoi starred but questions remain over Man City, while Liverpool suffer a night to forget.
Man City qualify, but questions remain
At a glance, it's job done for Man City. They've qualified for the last 16 of the Champions League for an eighth successive year with two games to play. Pep Guardiola's side have won every group game so far as well as their last 15 overall in the competition.
But a deeper look shows there are still flaws that need to be addressed. Let's start with the positives - Man City kept a third successive clean sheet in the Champions League for the first time since 1969-70 when competing in the Cup Winners' Cup (excluding qualifiers). Ruben Dias looked assured and even John Stones was calm when called upon.
Olympiakos 0-1 Man City - Match report and ratings
Champions League last 16: Draw, dates, teams
Inexplicably, what Man City struggled to do was score. They had 22 shots, 50 per cent of which were on target, but only one goal. It was a well-taken goal by an impressive Phil Foden after a good team move, but that quick pass and final product was lacking in Athens.
Some of this can be attributed to a super performance from Olympiakos goalkeeper Jose Sa - particularly in the first half - and they were lacking their star power with Kevin De Bruyne rested and Sergio Aguero coming on as a late substitute.
Speaking about a lack of goals for his side despite their shot tally, Guardiola told BT Sport: "It will come. We would love to do more, we know it, but it will come and break everything."
But the whole point of having a big and expensively assembled squad like Man City's is that they can still perform and win games even when the best players are out. They did the latter but the performance was shaky at times and questions still remain as they focus their attentions on the Premier League.
Charlotte Marsh
Champions League fixtures
Champions League group tables
Liverpool miss chance to secure qualification
This season is going to be a test for every team but those involved in European action must balance the need for rotation more than ever. On a night when Liverpool could have secured passage through to the knockout stages of the Champions League, the home defeat to Atalanta means there is work still to do to qualify for the last 16.
Liverpool 0-2 Atalanta - Match report and ratings
Jurgen Klopp's team have little to fear. Even if they do not win against Ajax next time out then they will expect to pick up the remaining points required in the final fixture against Midtjylland. But the problem is that he dare not risk fielding a weakened side against the Dutch champions now - and that means another high-stakes contest on Tuesday.
Liverpool's depth has been a feature of their season with Diogo Jota making a big difference in attack, while every one of the centre-back options has coped admirably to share the load in the absence of Virgil van Dijk and Joe Gomez.
This was a night that illustrated that the back-up options have limitations too. Robbed of the thrust of the first-choice full-backs and with Divock Origi struggling in attack, Liverpool looked relatively impotent.
It is just a pity that this scratch side could not get the job done because it now means more minutes in the legs of the key men as Klopp's side look to challenge in multiple competitions in this toughest of seasons.
Adam Bate
Liverpool fixtures
Sat Nov 28: Brighton (a)
Tue Dec 1: Ajax (h)
Sat Dec 5: Wolves (h)
Wed Dec 9: Midtjylland (a)
Sat Dec 12: Fulham (a)
Wed Dec 16: Tottenham (h)
Van de Beek offers reminder of his qualities
"I have nothing against the kid but why have we bought Van de Beek? He's watching the game in the stand every game because we don't need him. It's the truth but people will not say it aloud."
That was the view of Patrice Evra as Donny van De Beek sat unused on the bench during Manchester United's goalless draw with Chelsea at the end of last month.
The Dutchman is not the first nor will he be the last import needing time to adapt to the Premier League, but deploying him as part of a midfield two could be his role moving forward.
Man Utd 4-1 Istanbul Basaksehir - Match report and ratings
Champions League results | Fixtures | Tables | Top scorers
Alongside Fred, the £35m summer arrival oozed class on the ball, his awareness and simplicity being at the fore of United's enterprising opening 45 minutes that had them 3-0 ahead against Istanbul Basaksehir.
Completing 56 of his 69 passes while creating two chances, Van de Beek wasn't restricted to defensive duties. His first thought was always to play the ball forward, and this was him reminding onlookers of his qualities.
"Donny is getting used to how we want him to play. He can play in different positions," admitted the United boss afterwards.
This game will be remembered for Bruno Fernandes' cracking opener, but it could in time be seen as the moment Van de Beek kick-started his United career.
Ben Grounds
Man Utd fixtures
Sun Nov 29: Southampton (a) - live on Sky Sports
Wed Dec 2: PSG (h)
Sat Dec 5: West Ham (a)
Tues Dec 8: RB Leipzig (a)
Sat Dec 12: Man City (h)
Tues Dec 15: Sheff Utd (a)
Remember me? Hudson-Odoi stakes claim
Chelsea are a classic example of how strength in depth within a squad can add extra motivation for players like Callum Hudson-Odoi, who has been criticised for his inconsistency in the past. Injuries have hindered his progress under Frank Lampard. A player of his talent should have started more than just eight league games since Lampard took the job.
Match report - Rennes 1-2 Chelsea
Of course, it's easy to forget he's only just turned 20-years-old but when playing for a club like Chelsea, you have to learn quickly in terms of performing to a high-level on a weekly basis. Hudson-Odoi has given Lampard a selection headache after this performance where he took his goal with great class and skill and was unlucky not to grab a fantastic assist when Timo Werner blazed over early on.
Hudson-Odoi certainly has a knack for the European occasion. Since his first European appearance for Chelsea in October 2018, he has netted six goals in European competition, a haul bettered only by Giroud for the Blues in that time (12).
Lampard will be delighted to have such a selection headache ahead of the monster clash with Tottenham on Super Sunday, live on Sky Sports.
Live Renault Super Sunday
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Chelsea fixtures
Sat Nov 28: Tottenham (h) - live on Sky Sports
Wed Dec 2: Sevilla (a)
Sat Dec 5: Leeds (h)
Tues Dec 8: FK Krasnodar (h)
Sat Dec 12: Everton (a)
Tues Dec 15: Wolves (a)
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(-) Remove Charnley, Susan filter Charnley, Susan
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If you build it, they will come: ranching, riparian revegetation, and beaver colonization in Elko County, Nevada
In Elko County, Nevada, grazing practices on federal and private lands began to change in the early 1990s to restore proper functioning condition to degraded riparian areas that provide habitat for Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi), which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Changes in grazing...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Riparian%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Flebbe%2C%20Patricia%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Charnley%2C%20Susan%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beyers%2C%20Jan%22
Susan Charnley
Beavers, ranchers, grazing, range management, watershed restoration, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service
Res. Pap. PNW-RP-614. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 39 p.
Beaver-related restoration in Owyhee County, Idaho: opportunities and challenges
Owyhee County, Idaho, covers much of the Owyhee Uplands, an arid landscape characterized by sagebrush habitat where cattle grazing is a dominant land use. Because this landscape is home to many sensitive sagebrush-obligate species as well as species that require high-quality riparian and aquatic habitat, it has garnered attention from state and federal wildlife...
Jesse Abrams; Michael Johnduff; Susan Charnley
Beaver, Columbia spotted frog, perceptions, ranching, rangeland, watershed restoration.
The role of fire severity, distance from fire perimeter and vegetation on post-fire recovery of small-mammal communities in chaparal
Chaparral shrublands in southern California, US, exhibit significant biodiversity but are prone to large, intense wildfires. Debate exists regarding fuel reduction to prevent such fires in wildland areas, but the effects of these fires on fauna are not well understood. We studied whether fire severity and distance from unburned fire perimeter influenced recovery of the...
Jay Diffendorfer; Genie M. Fleming; Scott Tremor; Wayne Spencer; Jan L. Beyers
coastal sage scrub, fire management, shrubland
Cattle grazing and fish recovery on US federal lands: can social-ecological systems science help?
In the western US, grazing management on federal lands containing habitat for fish species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) has sparked social conflict and litigation for decades. To date, the problem has been addressed through a top-down environmental governance system, but rangeland managers and grazing permittees now believe there is a need for more...
Susan Charnley; Hannah Gosnell; Kendra L Wendel; Mary M Rowland; Michael J Wisdom
Social-ecological systems, range management, protected species.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 16(S1): S11-S22.
Using beaver dam analogues for fish and wildlife recovery on public and private rangelands in eastern Oregon
This case study was developed as part of a larger, interdisciplinary research project to assess the social, hydrological, and ecological effects of beaver-related watershed restoration approaches in rangeland streams of the Western United States. It is one of five case studies being undertaken to investigate the social context of beaver- (Castor canadensis) related...
Rachael Davee; Hannah Gosnell; Susan Charnley
Bridge Creek, beaver dam analogue, BDA, ranchers, watershed restoration.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Use the←mouse to choose the bad eggs.
Firing Day is an exciting arcade game for you to play online without charge. Take the role of a worker at a factory you should learn some basic guides before you embark on the new job. After you start, try to act carefully and don't get tired until you finish the level. Avoid smashing the good eggs and making three mistakes or you will be fired. However, remove the bad ones to collect the high score. Let's engage the challenge now! Have fun!


All the words that are worth a damn. The rest you can throw away.
Humming birds get their names from the fact that they don't know the words to any songs. That's mostly true because believe it or not humming birds have absolutely so love for today's modern pop music. Truth be told they much prefer christian rock. I know what you're thinking, I love christian rock too with its God is so cool he probably has a tattoo and wears a headband that reads, "Who's the man?" He smokes too. All cool people do: Marlon Brando, James Dean, Charro.
Speaking of song lyrics, what's with the Beach Boys? Barbershop about surfing or being true to your school. Hey to each his own.
So back to humming birds, they smoke like two packs a day because they are so cool. And to a humming bird, two packs is like Everest man. I mean it's a sizable chunk of rock.
It's rumored that scientists named Bill are looking into studying the humming bird for its amazing ability to be so cool. Scientists named Bill rarely score with chicks and need all the help they can get. Their research has proved unfruitful however and so they are now trying to pick up by stating humming bird facts like that they sleep in onesies.
So these humming birds here are the local model humming birds they have in costa rica for hire. They pose for you for nothing more then sugar water. I felt bad and gave them some kool-aid. Kool-aid is like lobster to a humming bird so they were stoked. We hung out and shot some photos, lit up more then a few cig's and called it a day. Later, Simona, Sunjuna and I ran into them at the bar. They got into a fight with the bouncer because one of them forgot his ID. Wound up in jail. That's was a night I don't think anyone in the entire country will soon forget. You know, because of the humming birds.


About 1 percent of enrollees have made identity restoration requests, and of the 81 insurance claims filed, 61 were approved, GAO said.
In the more than three years since the government started offering identity protection services and identity theft insurance to those affected by the breaches of OPM databases, only 61 individuals have received payouts from insurance claims, averaging about $1,800 per claim, GAO has found.
GAO said that of the 22 million people—current and former federal employees, military personnel and others in a database of federal personnel files and another on people who had undergone background checks—about three million have enrolled in the services. Enrollment is still open and the benefits are to continue through 2026; some members of Congress have proposed that they be made permanent.
The services are free to enrollees but as of last November had cost OPM $361 million; shortly afterward, OPM signed a new contract with the same provider that is effectively a five-year extension with a total potential cost of $400 million.
GAO added that given the size of the claims paid so far, "the $5 million per-person coverage limit mandated by Congress likely was unnecessary and might impose costs without providing a meaningful corresponding benefit." It noted that it previously had recommended that OMB revise its guidance to agencies on responding to data breaches by considering alternatives such as fraud alerts, credit freezes, or the agency conducting monitoring on its own.
In that earlier report, GAO also had stressed the limits of the type of protection being offered, saying for example that while identity monitoring can alert victims to misuse of certain personal information its effectiveness in addressing such theft is unclear; and while identity theft insurance covers expenses related to responding to such theft, it generally excludes direct financial losses.


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Home»Armenia»Oghjants'
Oghjants'
Best time to visit Oghjants'
The best time to visit in Oghjants' in Armenia is from June until September, when you will have a pleasant temperature and little till mediocre rainfall. The highest average temperature in in Oghjants' is 25°C in August and the lowest is -3°C in January.
Oghjants' has the continental climate prevailing. If you want to know what the average temperature is in in Oghjants' or when most precipitation (rain or snow) falls, you can find a quick overview below. This way, you are well prepared. Our average monthly climate data is based on data from the past 30 years.
Average weather Oghjants' by month
-3 -1 3 10 15 20 24 25 21 13 6 0
51 59 73 108 179 143 97 55 71 59 30 31
Travel and stay Oghjants'
Looking to book a flight to Oghjants'? Hop on one of these airlines.
14 day weather forecast Oghjants'
The weather for Oghjants' will be -12° till -10° degrees in the next 14 days with a few days chance of light rain showers.
WZW
Climate Oghjants'
Oghjants' has the continental climate prevailing. It is warm in the summer and cold in the winter. The average annual temperature for Oghjants' is 11° degrees and there is about 957 mm of rain in a year. It is dry for 114 days a year with an average humidity of 78% and an UV-index of 3.
Climate table of Oghjants'
-11 -11 -7 0 5 9 11 11 7 2 -3 -9
9 7 14 21 28 25 22 16 15 15 8 6
14 14 16 10 1 - - - - 2 6 9
8 7 1 - 2 5 9 15 15 14 16 16
6 7 8 8 11 11 12 10 10 9 7 6
Oghjants' weather by month
What is the average weather like in a given month for Oghjants'? Let's find out! Click on a month to check all the monthly averages for sunshine, temperature highs and lows, percentage chance of rain per day, snowfall accumulation and number of rainy days.
-3°CView more
Weather experiences Oghjants'
Already been to Oghjants'?
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Where is Oghjants'?
Oghjants' is located in Armenia. It lies in a straight line at 15,985 km from Wellington.
The coordinates of Oghjants' are:
The GPS coordinates are 41° 1' N, 43° 34' E
How long is the flight to Oghjants'?
The flight time from Auckland Airport to Oghjants' is approximately 19 h. 50 min.
What are the nearest airports to Oghjants'?
These are the airports closests to Oghjants':
Kars Airport (65 km) — Kars
How big is Oghjants'?
The area of Oghjants' is around 81 km².
What is the currency of Oghjants'?
In Oghjants' the Armenian dram (AMD) is used to pay.
What is the area code of Oghjants'?
The area code to call Oghjants' is +374.


Mainly cloudy with just occasional bright spells or glimpses of the sun likely. The sun will break through most likely on Thursday . However, showers will move in on Wednesday and Friday. The maximum temperature lies around 14 degrees.


1(of a situation or event) include (something) as a necessary part or result.
1.1 Cause (a person or group) to experience or participate in an activity or situation.
1.2be involved Be engaged in an emotional or personal relationship.
Late Middle English (in the senses 'enfold' and 'entangle'; formerly also as envolve): from Latin involvere, from in- 'into' + volvere 'to roll'.


Last week I wrote a post about my issue with the notion that there's no point in voting because votes don't count. The right to vote as a citizen of the United States is one of the most incredible aspects of our system of government. Not only do we get to have a voice in our governance, but the collective decisions made by the People with said voice is acted upon, without prejudice, by our elected officials.


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Q: OpenAL AL_ILLEGAL_ENUM after alListener3f(AL_ORIENTATION, 0, 0, -1) That's pretty much it. I've got a function to set up an OpenAL context and device, and load a WAV file into a buffer and pass that buffer along with data from the file to alBufferData. I then try to call alSourcePlay(source) and no sound comes out. The whole function compiles and runs fine, but through debugging I found that the alGetError() function returned AL_ILLEGAL_ENUM after my call to alListener3f(AL_ORIENTATION, 0, 0, -1). Surely AL_ORIENTATION is a valid OpenAL enum? I've been following the tutorial here: http://enigma-dev.org/forums/index.php?topic=730.0
Here's my code (excuse the mess, frantic debugging...):
void initOpenAL() {

ALenum errorNum = alGetError();
// initialise OpenAL
ALCdevice* device = alcOpenDevice(NULL);
ALCcontext* context = alcCreateContext(device, NULL);
alcMakeContextCurrent(context);

errorNum = alGetError();

alListener3f(AL_POSITION, 0, 0, 0);

errorNum = alGetError();

alListener3f(AL_VELOCITY, 0, 0, 0);

errorNum = alGetError();

alListener3f(AL_ORIENTATION, 0, 0, -1);

errorNum = alGetError(); // this is where alGetError == AL_INVALID_ENUM

alGenSources(1, &source);

errorNum = alGetError();

alSourcef(source, AL_PITCH, 1);
alSourcef(source, AL_GAIN, 2);
alSource3f(source, AL_POSITION, 0, 0, 0);
alSource3f(source, AL_VELOCITY, 0, 0, 0);
alSourcei(source, AL_LOOPING, AL_FALSE);

errorNum = alGetError();

ALuint buffer;
alGenBuffers(1, &buffer);
alSourcei(source, AL_BUFFER, buffer);

errorNum = alGetError();

FILE* file;
file = fopen("../../arcade.wav", "r");
if (file == NULL) {
    printf("File access error\n");
    exit(1);
}

char xbuffer[5];
if (fread(xbuffer, sizeof(char), 4, file) != 4 || strcmp(xbuffer, "RIFF") != 0)
    throw "Not a WAV file";

file_read_int32_le(xbuffer, file);
if (fread(xbuffer, sizeof(char), 4, file) != 4 || strcmp(xbuffer, "WAVE") != 0)
    throw "Not a WAV file!";

if (fread(xbuffer, sizeof(char), 4, file) != 4 || strcmp(xbuffer, "fmt ") != 0)
    throw "Invalid WAV file!";

printf("char size: %i", sizeof(char));

errorNum = alGetError();

file_read_int32_le(xbuffer, file);
short audioFormat = file_read_int16_le(xbuffer, file);
short channels = file_read_int16_le(xbuffer, file);
int sampleRate = file_read_int32_le(xbuffer, file);
int byteRate = file_read_int32_le(xbuffer, file);
file_read_int16_le(xbuffer, file);
short bitsPerSample = file_read_int16_le(xbuffer, file);

if (fread(xbuffer, sizeof(char), 4, file) != 4 || strcmp(xbuffer, "data") != 0)
    throw "Invalid WAV file";

int dataChunkSize = file_read_int32_le(xbuffer, file)+4;
unsigned char* bufferData = file_allocate_and_read_bytes(file, (size_t)dataChunkSize);

printf("Error before alBufferData: %x\n", alGetError());

float duration = float(dataChunkSize)/byteRate;
alBufferData(buffer, GetFormatFromInfo(channels, bitsPerSample), bufferData, dataChunkSize, sampleRate);
free(bufferData);
fclose(file);

errorNum = alGetError();

printf("Error after alBufferData, before alSourcePlay: %x\n");

alSourcePlay(source);
errorNum = alGetError();
if (errorNum != AL_NO_ERROR) {
    printf("Error starting playback: %x", errorNum);
}
fgetc(stdin);
}

A: I found the answer to this a while ago and I've only just remembered to answer it on here: the AL_ORIENTATION enum is used in the alListenerfv method, not alListener3f. And it takes a vector instead of 3 ints. I'm amazed how long it took to find that out!

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text:
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First-team All-SEC. 2nd Round NFL Pick. Financial Advisor.
A Charlotte, North Carolina native, Mohamed was the second round pick for the Cleveland Browns in the 2009 NFL draft where he recorded two 100-yard receiving games his rookie year, the first Browns rookie to have two or more such games in a season since Kevin Johnson in 1999.
Before joining the NFL, Mohamed earned a Bachelor of Science in Psychology taking only 3.5 years from the University of Georgia where he was named the 2008 team captain, selected as a first-team All-Southeastern Conference and Academic All-SEC member, and received the team's Leon Farmer Award for his dedication to the strength and conditioning program and academics.
Mohamed attended Independence High School helping his team win 77 consecutive games and capture four consecutive North Carolina state 4A championships while setting the North Carolina state prep records for career receiving yards (4,851) in a season (2004), touchdown catches in a career (76), and touchdown catches in a season (32 as a senior).
Since retiring from the NFL, Mohamed has worked as a financial advisor at Morgan Stanley. In Spring 2017, while riding ATVs with friends, Mohamed was involved in an accident that resulted in the amputation of most of his left hand. Most recently following the accident, Mohamed is an entrepreneur and a speaker focusing on finding opportunities in adversity, maximizing the present, and athletes in business.
Mohamed is a member of the 2018 UGA 40 under 40 class. He has studied at the Harvard Business School, completing their Business of Entertainment, Media and Sports program led by Anita Elberse. He will begin Harvard's Program for Leadership Development, which functions as their alternative eMBA, in fall 2018.
"The unknown opportunity excites me more than the future makes me nervous."
Message Mo.
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Mohamed Massaquoi
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The Use of Wood in Early American Infrastructure
Schuylkill Permanent Bridge ("Colossus Bridge") in Philadelphia, the first covered bridge in America. / Library Company of Philadelphia, Wikimedia Commons
America was soon wealthy enough to start to replace its timber infrastructure with one of steel and concrete.
By Dr. Roland Ennos
At the end of the eighteenth century, the newly formed United States of America was a country of widely-scattered rural settlements. It's therefore one of the miracles of history that just a century later it transformed itself into an industrial powerhouse, one that had caught up with and started to overtake Europe. The key to this achievement was the vast pristine forests that covered huge areas of the East and West coasts. But unlike the Baltic States, America could not expand its economy by exporting timber to Britain and the Netherlands. Shipping costs were simply too great to transport timber across the Atlantic. It was only ships' masts, made from the trunks of America's huge white pine trees (dispute over which was one of the grievances that precipitated the Revolutionary War) that could profitably be exported. Instead, it was the ingenuity of American engineers and inventors that enabled the country to use wood in new ways to build its own industry and infrastructure.
By the end of the eighteenth century, Britain led in industrialization, having developed methods of using its huge coal reserves to smelt large quantities of cast and wrought iron; it had replaced expensive and brittle charcoal in its blast furnaces with cheap and strong coke made by heating coal. To compete, American founders reduced their costs by improving the methods they used to produce charcoal; rather than burn wood in clamps, they heated it up in large retorts, producing a product that was cheaper and stronger, along with useful by-products such as tar, methanol and acetone. America's blast furnaces were almost as large as Europe's and produced iron at comparable costs. It was not until 1850 that American coke-based iron production exceeded charcoal-based, and not until the 1920's that charcoal-based production ceased.
The high quality iron produced by the American foundries was quickly put to good use. It produced the machinery and blades of the rapidly increasing number of sawmills. The productivity of each sawmill quickly rose; average output rose from 8,000 board feet a day using traditional muley saws to 40,000 a day using new circular and gang saws. The greatest ingenuity, however, was in the way American engineers used wood, joining timbers with an increasing range of wrought iron fastenings, enabling a country with few traditional carpenters to build their infrastructure.
In Louis Wernwag's famous Colossus Bridge, built in 1812 over the Schuylkill River near Philadelphia (at 340 feet the longest wooden bridge in the world), the main elements of the trusses were connected by iron rods. And unlike in Europe, where the railways were built with iron and stone, Americans built their railroads for the most part with timber. They used wrought iron steam engines, of course, but they mounted the rails on wooden ties, while they built wooden railway carriages whose timber frames were joined together using iron rods and bolts. They even used wooden rails. Early railroads were often built with strap rails, thin strips of wrought iron pinned to a wooden rail.
The Age of Wood: Our Most Useful Material and the Construction of Civilization, by Roland Ennos
But the glory of the American railways were the spectacular wooden trestle bridges they built to cross gorges, replacing the iron trusses, stone viaducts and soil embankments beloved of European engineers with cheaper, quicker-to-build frameworks of timber beams and iron joints. The result was an exceptionally cheap railway– American railroads typically cost $20,000 – $30,000 per mile, less than a sixth of the $180,000 a typical European railway cost. It was this, more than any other factor, that enabled the Americans to build their long-distance railroads so early, from the mid 1830s onwards. The new lines opened up the West Coast to new colonists and proved a far quicker and safer alternative to the old wagon trains of the Oregon Trail.
Novel wooden structures also helped speed up the economic and political development of the West Coast. The discovery in 1859 of vast reserves of silver ore in the Nevada mountains led to a silver rush. One particularly large deposit was the Comstock Lode, which contained vast quantities of soft ore that could be readily extracted with shovels. The problem was to extract the ore, while avoiding deadly cave-ins. The German mining engineer Philip Deidersheimer came up with the solution: square set timbering. As the miners removed ore, they replaced the space with 6 feet cubic lattice works of timber, each one being linked together with wrought iron rods to form a gigantic framework that propped up the entire lode and which could be backfilled with waste. The Comstock Lode made vast fortunes, including that of the influential Hearst family, paid for the expansion of San Francisco, and prompted the incorporation of the State of Nevada into the Union.
Americans were also quick to use an even simpler attachment system—nails. The first machines to cut nails from wrought-iron sheet were patented by Jacob Perkins of Massachusetts in 1795. And by 1830, American builders were starting to exploit the wood-holding capabilities of nails to erect cheap, mass-produced houses. Rather than just cut logs into thick, heavy beams to provide a frame for a house, American sawmills were able to slice them into uniform thin planks and narrow studs. The builders could then nail these uniform elements together to make lightweight houses, in a technique dubbed balloon framing. The main structure was composed of long, narrow vertical studs, the famous two-by-fours, which were nailed to horizontal lintels and ribbons. The walls could be fully assembled on the ground, then simply lifted into place and nailed together. The only grooves and joints were in the floor joists, which were let into and nailed to the studs and rested on the ribbons. Finally, the whole structure was sheathed on the outside with planks, on the inside with boards, and insulation could be placed in between the two skins to keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Balloon-framed houses allowed American settlers to be cheaply and decently housed and proved surprisingly robust. Indeed, even today most Americans live in wood-framed houses. People even started to build roads from wood, corduroy rural roads from split logs and urban streets from wooden blocks.
There was just one problem with this wooden infrastructure–it did not last. Timber bridges exposed to the rain rapidly rot and timber roads become slippery; strip rails wear out and flimsy wooden houses deteriorate and burn down easily, like in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake. By the early years of the twentieth century, fortunately, America was wealthy enough to start to replace its timber infrastructure with one of steel and concrete.
But this history has had another result. Whereas Europe retains much of its nineteenth century infrastructure, in America most of it has long gone. The contrast is perhaps starkest in nineteenth century towns. Take two similarly sized ports: Goole in Yorkshire, England, built in the 1820's where the Aire and Calder Navigation canal meets the Humber estuary, to handle exports of coal and imports of timber; and Muskegon, Michigan, built just a few years later at the mouth of the Muskegon River to handle timber exports. The brick-built center of Goole is largely intact, complete with the market hall, main shopping street, and railway. People still live in the rows of terraced houses, semis, and villas. The skyline is dominated by the Victorian church steeple and a windmill built even before the town. In Muskegon, in contrast, little remains from the nineteenth century apart from a few grand houses of the timber magnates–houses that constitute a museum. In the one town, therefore, people are surrounded by the old, in the other by the new.
This same pattern can be seen all across the two continents and gives a wholly different character not only to towns but also the countryside: ancient countryside, villages and farmhouses versus modern farmsteads. So it seems likely that the different pattern of development must have had not only short term economic effects, but also long term social and cultural effects: The American love of reinvention versus the European love of preservation; the European thrall to the past versus the American to the future. Our different attitudes to history may be due to an accident of the choice of materials with which our ancestors built their countries.
Originally published by History News Network, 12.06.2020, reprinted with permission for educational, non-commercial purposes.
Tags: Architecture History United States
Previous: Dominating Castles in the Medieval English Landscape
Next: Paper Money and Inflation in Colonial America


There are still many ways that a user can break immersion when using an AR App.
you can see it's insights because you do not collide with the object.
obviously don't apply to surfaces of digital assets.
They might look realistically placed but they still only exist in a digital space.
it is important to work around this challenge.


text:
``` Scala
Type         = SimpleType | FunctionType
FunctionType = SimpleType => Type
             | ([Types]) => Type
SimpleType   = Ident
Types        = Type {, Types}
```

A type can be
* A numeric type: Int, Double (and Byte, Short, Char, Long, Float),
* The Boolean Type with the values `true` and `false`,
* The String type,
* A *function type*, like `Int => Int`, `(Int, Int) => Int`.

## Expressions
``` Scala
Expr          = InfixExpr | FunctionExpr
              | if (Expr) Expr else Expr
InfixExpr     = PrefixExpr | InfixExpr Operator InfixExpr
Operator      = ident
PrefixExpr    = [+|-|!|~] SimpleExpr
SimpleExpr    = ident | literal | SimpleExpr . ident | Block
FunctionExpr  = Bindings => Expr
Bindings      = ident [: SimpleType] | ([Binding {, Binding}])
Binding       = ident [: Type]
Block         = { {Def;} Expr}
```
An expression can be:
* An *identifier* such as `x`, `isGoodEnough`,
* A *literal*, like `0`, `1.0`, `"abc"`,
* A *function application*, like `sqrt(x)`,
* An *operator application*, like `-x`, `y+x`
* A *selection*, like `math.abs`,
* A *conditional expression*, like `if (x<0) -x else x`,
* A *block*, like `{ val x = math.abs(y); x*2}`,
* An *anonymous function*, like `x=>x+1`.

## Definitions
``` Scala
Def           = FunDef
FunDef        = def ident {([Parameters])}
                [: Type] = Expr

ValDef        = val ident [: Type] = Expr
Parameter     = ident : [=>] Type
Parameters    = Parameter {, Parameter}
```

A definition can be:
* A *function definition*, like `def square(x: Int) = x*x`,
* A *value definition*, like `val y = square(2)`

A parameter can be:
* A *call-by-value* parameter, like `(x: Double)`,
* A *call-by-name* parameter, like `(y: => Double)`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Your News Universe…
Woman sues T-Mobile after employees allegedly snoop on racy private video
January 17, 2019 Engin Demirci	Comment
Uncaring uncarrier? — "It didn't even bother them, as if I was nothing," plaintiff told Ars. Cyrus Farivar – Jan 17, 2019 9:39 pm UTC Enlarge / A T-Mobile logo on the window of a retail store in Washington, DC, on Thursday, Oct. 23, 2014. A New Jersey woman has sued T-Mobile in state court last… [...]
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The Motorola Razr is coming back as a smartphone
Throwback Thursday — It will also cost—brace yourself—$1,500. Samuel Axon – Jan 17, 2019 9:11 pm UTC Enlarge / The Motorola Razr V3. Lenovo, the current owner of Motorola Mobility, will release a new version of the iconic Razr cell phone, according to a report in The Wall Street Journal citing sources familiar with the… [...]
Panthers Boost: Vincent Trocheck close to return from broken ankle
CORAL SPRINGS, Fla. (AP) — The Florida Panthers desperately need a boost, and Vincent Trocheck has pronounced himself ready to provide one. Barely eight weeks removed from surgery to repair the right ankle that he fractured by crashing into the boards during a game at Ottawa, Trocheck took part in a full practice Thursday for… [...]
Cristian Roldan: USMNT head coach Gregg Berhalter 'simplifies the game'
Video Details Jan 17, 2019 at 3:40p ET | Soccer | Duration: 0:59 soccer Midfielder Cristian Roldan has been impressed with USMNT new head coach Gregg Berhalter's approach at training camp. More Videos » Help | Press | Advertise With Us | Jobs | RSS | Site Map FS1 | FOX | FOX News | 21st… [...]
Barcelona faces complaint for using suspended player in Copa
BARCELONA, Spain (AP) — Barcelona is in danger of being thrown out of the Copa del Rey for allegedly using a suspended player against Levante in the tournament's round of 16. Levante president Quico Catalan tells Spanish media the club will make a formal complaint against Barcelona, accusing it of illegally using youth player Juan… [...]
Thunder center Nerlens Noel out of concussion protocol
AP Jan 17, 2019 at 3:34p ET OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — Thunder reserve center Nerlens Noel has passed through concussion protocol and was available for Thursday night's game against the Los Angeles Lakers. A Thunder spokesman made the announcement Thursday. Noel was injured Jan. 8 when he collided with Minnesota's Andrew Wiggins and his head… [...]
Chiefs aim to win Hunt trophy, end almost-half-century Super Bowl drought
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — The even-keeled executive with the crisp suit and winning smile stood inside the mostly empty Kansas City Chiefs locker room, his team having just won a home playoff game for the first time in 25 years. He talked about how much it meant to their long-suffering fans. Spoke glowingly about coach… [...]
Sudanese police fire on protesters demanding president step down
Activists say a child and doctor killed in demonstrations against Omar al-Bashir Sudanese demonstrators chant slogans as they participate in anti-government protests in Khartoum. Photograph: Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah/Reuters Thousands of people have taken to the streets in cities across Sudan, including the capital, where activists said a child and a doctor were killed in clashes… [...]
Rudy Giuliani's remarkable retreat on collusion
Elie Honig, a former federal and state prosecutor, is a CNN legal analyst and a Rutgers University scholar. The views expressed in this commentary are his own. View more opinion articles on CNN. (CNN)Ever since special counsel Robert Mueller began his investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election, public interest in the law, crime… [...]
CATEGORIES Select Category BUSINESS (7,660) CRYPTOCURRENCIES (5,411) MARKETS (16) MEDIA (2) TECHNOLOGY (2,250) CHINA (14) NATURE NEWS (43) SPORT (445) TRAVEL (1) WORLD (13,813) ASIA (2) AUSTRALIA (2,033) EUROPE (3) RUSSIA (3) U.K. (2,371) U.S. (1)
2019 about after been Bitcoin Blockchain CNNPolitics Companies could Crypto Cryptocurrency Energy Ethereum Exchange first from Government have into last Market Million more over president Price report: Ripple shutdown Since state Stock that their they this Trade trump updates video were which will with year
Copyright © 2019 Universe News.


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text:
Q: How to add an orders array under product schema I have an orders schema which saves all orders when ever a customers checksout. It stores product ID.
This is how my orders schema looks like after saving an order.
{
"allOrders": [
    {
        "_id": "6249ee9baa59aceb7d88f91d",
        "placedby": "624471321dff6794a802431c",
        "fullname": "Collins Jimu",
        "deliveryaddress": "cnr fourth and herbet chitepo",
        "phonenumber": "0773468496",
        "whatsappphonenumber": "0773468496",
        "ordersList": [
            {
                "name": "Hp 200 G4Core I5",
                "qty": 1,
                "price": 560,
                "imgUrl": "https://res.cloudinary.com/kwingy/image/upload/v1648734312/cwynmzauqqnylrwsgejy.jpg",
                "id": "6245b0c09390975e16263136"
            },
            {
                "name": "bed",
                "qty": 1,
                "price": 160,
                "imgUrl": "https://res.cloudinary.com/kwingy/image/upload/v1648732217/dtrb8saj0ellgyrcjpyy.jpg",
                "id": "6245a88cf22df558d8d69162"
            },
            {
                "name": "Sunglass",
                "qty": 1,
                "price": 6,
                "imgUrl": "https://res.cloudinary.com/kwingy/image/upload/v1648738341/rtpiptqc1le6kywmuisf.jpg",
                "id": "6245c03bf22df558d8d6a739"
            },
            {
                "name": "sofas",
                "qty": 1,
                "price": 890,
                "imgUrl": "https://res.cloudinary.com/kwingy/image/upload/v1648732837/xae655b5e9wovodfkvqn.jpg",
                "id": "6245aacdf22df558d8d6939f"
            }
        ],
        "paymentmethod": "cashondeliver",
        "orderstatus": "placed",
        "createdAt": "2022-04-03T18:59:39.681Z",
        "updatedAt": "2022-04-03T18:59:39.681Z",
        "__v": 0
    },
]

my challenge now is after an order has been placed i want products ordered to display the orders under products schema since these products under the Products schema are showing.
The moment an order with different products is placed each product ordered must receiver the order details of the person who orderd it and quantity.


text:
Kimia Koochakzadeh-Yazdi
Composer/Sound artist/ performer
Kimia Koochakzadeh-Yazdi (b. 1997 Tehran, Iran) is a California/Vancouver-based composer and performer. She writes for hybrid instrumental/electronic ensembles, creates electroacoustic and audiovisual works, and performs electronic music. Kimia explores the unfamiliar familiar while constantly being driven by the concepts of motion, interaction, and growth in both human life and in the sonic world. Being a cross-disciplinary artist, she has actively collaborated on projects evolving around dance, film, and theatre. Kimia's work has been showcased by organizations such as Iranian Female Composer Association, Music on Main, Western Front, Vancouver New Music, and Media Arts Committee. She has been featured in The New York Times, Georgia Straight, MusicWorks Magazine, Vancouver Sun, and Sequenza 21. Her work has been performed at festivals around the world including Ars Electronica Festival, Festival Ecos Urbanos, Tehran Contemporary Sounds, AudioVisual Frontiers Virtual Exhibition, The New York City Electroacoustic Music Festival, Yarn/Wire Institute, Ensemble Evolution, New Music on the Point, wasteLAnd Summer Academy, EQ: Evolution of the String Quartet, Modulus Festival, and SALT New Music Festival. She holds a BFA in Music Composition from Simon Fraser University's Interdisciplinary School for the Contemporary Arts, having studied with Sabrina Schroeder and Mauricio Pauly. Kimia is currently pursuing her DMA in Music Composition at Stanford University.
Photo by Diane Smithers


text:
Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma
Maria Yan, Anthony A. Stans, Steven L. Moran
BACKGROUND: Linear scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by thickening of the skin due to excess collagen deposit. It is the most frequent type of localized scleroderma in the pediatric population (40%-70%), and it usually affects the extremities and head. Linear scleroderma can cause growth disturbances, extremity length discrepancy, and debilitating joint contractures. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes of microsurgical flap reconstruction of linear scleroderma in the pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children with linear scleroderma was performed at our institution. Patients less than 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of linear scleroderma and who underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for correction of their scleroderma were included. Fat grafting procedures were excluded. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total 7 patients underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for treatment of their linear scleroderma producing debilitating soft tissue contractures and preventing ambulation or elbow extension. Six patients had scleroderma involving the lower extremity and 1 involving the upper extremity. Three anterolateral thigh and 4 latissimus dorsi flaps were performed. The median age at surgery was 7 years (Q1-Q3, 5-11), and the median body mass index was 21.3 kg/m2 (Q1-Q3, 16.5-22.1). The median follow-up was 121.1 months (Q1-Q3, 43.2-187.4). All flaps survived, and no donor site complications were reported. Perioperative complications included wound infection that required debridement (n = 1), immediate postoperative bleeding requiring surgical intervention (n = 1), intraoperative venous congestion (n = 1), and scleroderma recurrence outside the flap (n = 2). When comparing anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi flaps, there was no statistically significant difference in the development of surgical complications, number of surgical revisions per patient [median, 4 (Q1-Q3, 4-7) vs 2.5 (Q1-Q3, 1.3, 3), P = 0.0916], or unplanned surgical interventions [median, 0 (Q1-Q3, 0-1) vs 1 (Q1-Q3, 0-1), P = 0.7228]. The reconstruction was successful in improving range of motion in 6 patients, 5 of which reached full weight-bearing. However, all patients had residual limb deformity, and 4 had remaining extremity length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical flaps are a good option for functional improvement of severe pediatric linear scleroderma affecting the extremities. However, residual limb deformity is common, and patients are often required to undergo additional surgical revisions.
Annals of plastic surgery
https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
Dive into the research topics of 'Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Localized Scleroderma Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Extremities Medicine & Life Sciences 39%
Superficial Back Muscles Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Contracture Medicine & Life Sciences 19%
Reoperation Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Thigh Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Yan, M., Stans, A. A., & Moran, S. L. (2021). Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma. Annals of plastic surgery, 87(5), 533-536. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma. / Yan, Maria; Stans, Anthony A.; Moran, Steven L.
In: Annals of plastic surgery, Vol. 87, No. 5, 01.11.2021, p. 533-536.
Yan, M, Stans, AA & Moran, SL 2021, 'Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma', Annals of plastic surgery, vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 533-536. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
Yan M, Stans AA, Moran SL. Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma. Annals of plastic surgery. 2021 Nov 1;87(5):533-536. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
@article{5d2696ce14ab42b8867bc8d1b36e6b39,
title = "Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Linear scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by thickening of the skin due to excess collagen deposit. It is the most frequent type of localized scleroderma in the pediatric population (40%-70%), and it usually affects the extremities and head. Linear scleroderma can cause growth disturbances, extremity length discrepancy, and debilitating joint contractures. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes of microsurgical flap reconstruction of linear scleroderma in the pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children with linear scleroderma was performed at our institution. Patients less than 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of linear scleroderma and who underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for correction of their scleroderma were included. Fat grafting procedures were excluded. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total 7 patients underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for treatment of their linear scleroderma producing debilitating soft tissue contractures and preventing ambulation or elbow extension. Six patients had scleroderma involving the lower extremity and 1 involving the upper extremity. Three anterolateral thigh and 4 latissimus dorsi flaps were performed. The median age at surgery was 7 years (Q1-Q3, 5-11), and the median body mass index was 21.3 kg/m2 (Q1-Q3, 16.5-22.1). The median follow-up was 121.1 months (Q1-Q3, 43.2-187.4). All flaps survived, and no donor site complications were reported. Perioperative complications included wound infection that required debridement (n = 1), immediate postoperative bleeding requiring surgical intervention (n = 1), intraoperative venous congestion (n = 1), and scleroderma recurrence outside the flap (n = 2). When comparing anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi flaps, there was no statistically significant difference in the development of surgical complications, number of surgical revisions per patient [median, 4 (Q1-Q3, 4-7) vs 2.5 (Q1-Q3, 1.3, 3), P = 0.0916], or unplanned surgical interventions [median, 0 (Q1-Q3, 0-1) vs 1 (Q1-Q3, 0-1), P = 0.7228]. The reconstruction was successful in improving range of motion in 6 patients, 5 of which reached full weight-bearing. However, all patients had residual limb deformity, and 4 had remaining extremity length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical flaps are a good option for functional improvement of severe pediatric linear scleroderma affecting the extremities. However, residual limb deformity is common, and patients are often required to undergo additional surgical revisions.",
author = "Maria Yan and Stans, {Anthony A.} and Moran, {Steven L.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887",
journal = "Annals of Plastic Surgery",
T1 - Flap Reconstruction for Treatment of Pediatric Linear Scleroderma
AU - Yan, Maria
AU - Stans, Anthony A.
AU - Moran, Steven L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
N2 - BACKGROUND: Linear scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by thickening of the skin due to excess collagen deposit. It is the most frequent type of localized scleroderma in the pediatric population (40%-70%), and it usually affects the extremities and head. Linear scleroderma can cause growth disturbances, extremity length discrepancy, and debilitating joint contractures. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes of microsurgical flap reconstruction of linear scleroderma in the pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children with linear scleroderma was performed at our institution. Patients less than 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of linear scleroderma and who underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for correction of their scleroderma were included. Fat grafting procedures were excluded. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total 7 patients underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for treatment of their linear scleroderma producing debilitating soft tissue contractures and preventing ambulation or elbow extension. Six patients had scleroderma involving the lower extremity and 1 involving the upper extremity. Three anterolateral thigh and 4 latissimus dorsi flaps were performed. The median age at surgery was 7 years (Q1-Q3, 5-11), and the median body mass index was 21.3 kg/m2 (Q1-Q3, 16.5-22.1). The median follow-up was 121.1 months (Q1-Q3, 43.2-187.4). All flaps survived, and no donor site complications were reported. Perioperative complications included wound infection that required debridement (n = 1), immediate postoperative bleeding requiring surgical intervention (n = 1), intraoperative venous congestion (n = 1), and scleroderma recurrence outside the flap (n = 2). When comparing anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi flaps, there was no statistically significant difference in the development of surgical complications, number of surgical revisions per patient [median, 4 (Q1-Q3, 4-7) vs 2.5 (Q1-Q3, 1.3, 3), P = 0.0916], or unplanned surgical interventions [median, 0 (Q1-Q3, 0-1) vs 1 (Q1-Q3, 0-1), P = 0.7228]. The reconstruction was successful in improving range of motion in 6 patients, 5 of which reached full weight-bearing. However, all patients had residual limb deformity, and 4 had remaining extremity length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical flaps are a good option for functional improvement of severe pediatric linear scleroderma affecting the extremities. However, residual limb deformity is common, and patients are often required to undergo additional surgical revisions.
AB - BACKGROUND: Linear scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by thickening of the skin due to excess collagen deposit. It is the most frequent type of localized scleroderma in the pediatric population (40%-70%), and it usually affects the extremities and head. Linear scleroderma can cause growth disturbances, extremity length discrepancy, and debilitating joint contractures. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical outcomes of microsurgical flap reconstruction of linear scleroderma in the pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children with linear scleroderma was performed at our institution. Patients less than 18 years of age with clinical diagnosis of linear scleroderma and who underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for correction of their scleroderma were included. Fat grafting procedures were excluded. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: A total 7 patients underwent microsurgical flap reconstruction for treatment of their linear scleroderma producing debilitating soft tissue contractures and preventing ambulation or elbow extension. Six patients had scleroderma involving the lower extremity and 1 involving the upper extremity. Three anterolateral thigh and 4 latissimus dorsi flaps were performed. The median age at surgery was 7 years (Q1-Q3, 5-11), and the median body mass index was 21.3 kg/m2 (Q1-Q3, 16.5-22.1). The median follow-up was 121.1 months (Q1-Q3, 43.2-187.4). All flaps survived, and no donor site complications were reported. Perioperative complications included wound infection that required debridement (n = 1), immediate postoperative bleeding requiring surgical intervention (n = 1), intraoperative venous congestion (n = 1), and scleroderma recurrence outside the flap (n = 2). When comparing anterolateral thigh and latissimus dorsi flaps, there was no statistically significant difference in the development of surgical complications, number of surgical revisions per patient [median, 4 (Q1-Q3, 4-7) vs 2.5 (Q1-Q3, 1.3, 3), P = 0.0916], or unplanned surgical interventions [median, 0 (Q1-Q3, 0-1) vs 1 (Q1-Q3, 0-1), P = 0.7228]. The reconstruction was successful in improving range of motion in 6 patients, 5 of which reached full weight-bearing. However, all patients had residual limb deformity, and 4 had remaining extremity length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical flaps are a good option for functional improvement of severe pediatric linear scleroderma affecting the extremities. However, residual limb deformity is common, and patients are often required to undergo additional surgical revisions.
U2 - 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
DO - 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002887
JO - Annals of Plastic Surgery
JF - Annals of Plastic Surgery


text:
Home Residential Property Barratt Homes: Imaging the population of the UK in just a single street
Barratt Homes: Imaging the population of the UK in just a single street
written by Deleted Subscriber Content 3rd Aug 17 12:41 pm
Research into the current distribution of housing type and value has highlighted the differences in the make-up of the UK's residential housing.
The analysis, undertaken by the UK's largest housebuilder Barratt Homes, envisions regions of the UK as just a single street, breaking down the population into four housing types; terraced, detached, semi-detached and flat/maisonette. It also attributes current average values to each property type.
Data was sourced from the Land Registry UK House Price Index dated April 2017, ONS Census Data for England and Wales, NRS Census Data in Scotland and NISRA Census Data in Northern Ireland.
If the population of the UK were condensed into just a single street, a third of us would live in a semi-detached house worth £207,000.
A quarter of the population would live in a detached home worth almost £333,000
More than a quarter would live in a terraced house, at an average price of £177,000
Just 14 per cent would live in a flat or maisonette property, worth just shy of £200,000
Barratt launch regional and national versions of a single-street UK on their website
Imagining the UK as a single street, 32 per cent would live in a semi-detached home, with an average value of £206,873. A quarter (25 per cent) would live in a detached property worth just shy of £332,839, with 14 per cent in a flat or maisonette worth just over £199,000, equivalent to over nine million people.
Source: Barratt Homes
The remaining 25 per cent of the population would live in a terraced home with an average value of £174,000, but the value and distribution of terraced properties varies dramatically by region. An interactive version of the single street concept, highlighting each individual region, is available on the Barratt Homes website.
For example, in a street representing the North-East, almost a third (31 per cent) would live in a terraced house, but its average value would be £98,680, almost half the national average. This compares to a London street, where a terraced house would be worth over five times more (£494,851), housing 27 per cent of residents. In the North-East, even the average value of all the four property types would be just £123,234.
The make-up of London's property landscape is dominated by flats, with 43 per cent of Londoners living in one, the most of any region in the UK. In fact, barring Scotland, where 29 per cent of properties are flats, the average for the rest of the country is just 9.8 per cent.
Unsurprisingly, London's flats are also significantly more expensive than the rest of the country. Their average price is £428,476, a figure more than four times the average flat in Northern Ireland, which is valued at just over £97,000. Excluding London, the national average is just £127,000, highlighting the weight London carries in both the distribution and average value of property.
A spokesperson for Barratt Homes said: "Our research reveals what the UK in a single street would look like but also how this picture differs across regions, both in the type of houses and, of course, the price. It's fascinating to see the diversity of our housing stock and hopefully useful to show buyers what the property ladder looks like in their area."


Prices from £35 - Enquire for a fast quote from Reform and Renew Osteopathy.
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M.Ost DO ND, Medical Accupuncture. She graduated from the British College of Osteopathic Medicine with a Masters degree in Osteopathic medicine and a diploma in Naturopathy. She worked in a multi-disciplinary clinic as a Sports massage therapist, working with a wide spectrium of people from athletes and desk workers to stuntmen. Her interest in becoming an osteopath stemmed from her sport's orientated background, with her main interest in athletics originating from her mother who competed at a world level. Whilst coaching athletes, working with Windsor, Slough, Eton and Hounslow athletic club and training herself, Abigail's interest in sports-related injuries and osteopathy grew. She understands the need for each treatment to be tailored to the individual with all aspects of the patient's lifestyle to be taken into consideration.


The Consul of Portugal in New Bedford, Pedro Carneiro and the President of Castelo Group, José Castelo, are sponsoring the showing of the films "Irmãos" and "A Um Mar de Distância", to take place on Sunday, March 12, at 3:00 pm and on Wednesday, March 15, at 6:00 pm, respectively. The films will be presented in the New Bedford Whaling Museum, in partnership with Arte Institute and Radio WJFD.
The events are free and open to the public, with the presence of Director Pedro Magano.
For more information please contact newbedford@mne.pt.
For more details, please Subscribe to our digital edition, or buy the March 8, 2017 paper.


Miasmic is an adjective for miasm (or miasma), which means a noxious vapor—"bad air" harmful to health. The word miasma comes from the ancient Greek word for pollution. And the concept of bad air also gave rise to the name malaria, from old Italian "mala" (bad) "aria" (air).
Before germs (bacteria and viruses) were discovered, the miasma theory took precedence as the cause of disease spread. Poisonous vapors were thought to have suspended particles of decaying matter and were characterized by a foul smell. Rapid industrialization and urbanization had created many poor, filthy, foul-smelling, and extremely crowded neighborhoods, which were considered the focal points of epidemics.
The pandemic Black Death (bubonic plague) that killed a large part of the population in Europe in the mid-1300s was thought to be caused by miasma. Other diseases thought to be caused by miasma in the past were cholera and chlamydia.


This rucksack has a cool AirZone back system which is exceptionally comfortable. We love the minimal, but well-placed, padding on the hip fins and shoulder straps. The adjustable back system allows a perfect fit. Despite the lightweight harness, it carries heavy loads just as effectively as more padded models, with fantastic freedom of movement. Lots of very useful pockets.
Verdict: Lightweight, modern-looking and carries loads effectively and comfortably. There are some very useful pockets. Comes at a price, though.


text:
Innovation Process Benefits: The Journey as Reward
Magazine: Fall 2013Research Feature	 September 17, 2013 Reading Time: 17 min
Christina Raasch and Eric von Hippel
Innovation, Innovation Strategy, Open Innovation
Organizations can considerably amplify the resources available to their innovation projects — by helping volunteer innovators benefit from participating in the process.
Whitewater kayakers who developed novel kayaking equipment for their own use reported that their motivations included not only expected benefits from their innovation but also process-related motivations, such as enjoyment from creating the innovation.
When business executives and economists think about whether developing an innovation will be worthwhile, they tend to focus on the economic value of the outcome of the innovation process. "Will we earn enough profit from using or selling X innovation to justify the money and time required to develop it?" is, in effect, the question they ask.
However, that standard cost-benefit assessment is seriously incomplete when applied to individual innovators. These individuals can gain significant benefits from participation in a development process as well as — or even instead of — benefits from using or selling the innovation created.1 When innovation project sponsors can offer volunteer innovators such benefits, the net cost of those innovation projects can be much lower.
To understand this idea, consider the fact that innovation centrally involves problem solving. In other situations, problem solving is known to be valued by participants for the process itself. That is, people often engage in problem solving for the value of participating in the process — independent of any value derived from the solution found. Crossword puzzles provide a good example. Crossword aficionados can spend hours working hard to solve a crossword puzzle. Their reward is entirely in the fun of solving, not in the solution found. (After all, the solution is already known to the puzzle designer.) Indeed, if you were to offer avid crossword puzzle fans the puzzle solution to save them the effort of doing the puzzle for themselves, your offer would certainly be declined — and you might well be reproached and told not to spoil the fun.
We define "innovation process benefits" as all those benefits that innovators will get if they directly participate in the innovation development process — and will not get if somebody just hands them the solution to an innovation challenge. Important examples of innovation process benefits include enjoyment and learning obtained from participation in the project, as well as reputational gains obtained from being known as having made high-quality contributions. Innovation process benefits are distinct from benefits associated with using or selling the innovation created. They are only available to participants in the development process.
Christina Raasch is a professor of technology management at Technische Universität München, TUM School of Management. Eric von Hippel is the T. Wilson (1953) Professor of Innovation Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management and professor of engineering systems at the MIT School of Engineering.
1. N. Franke and M. Schreier, "Why Customers Value Mass-Customized Products: The Importance of Process Effort and Enjoyment," Journal of Product Innovation Management 27, no. 7 (December 2010): 1020-1031.
2. K.R. Lakhani and R.G. Wolf, "Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in Free/Open Source Software Projects," in "Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software," ed. J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S.A. Hissam and K.R. Lakhani (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005): 3-21.
3. G. von Krogh, S. Häfliger, S. Späth and M. Wallin, "Carrots and Rainbows: Motivation and Social Practice in Open Source Software Development," MIS Quarterly 36, no. 2 (June 2012): 649-676; and Lakhani and Wolf, "Hackers."
4. J. De Jong, F. Gault, J. Kuusisto and E. von Hippel, "The Diffusion of Consumer-Developed Products in Finland: Evidence of Market Failure," working paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2013.
5. C. Hienerth, E. von Hippel and M. Berg Jensen, "User Community vs. Producer Innovation Development Efficiency: A First Empirical Study," Research Policy, in press.
6. S. Cooper et al., "Predicting Protein Structures with a Multiplayer Online Game," Nature 466, no. 7307 (Aug. 5, 2010): 756-760.
7. N. Yee, "Motivations for Play in Online Games," CyberPsychology & Behavior 9, no. 6 (December 2006): 772-775.
8. Cooper et al., "Predicting Protein Structures."
9. Cooper et al., "Predicting Protein Structures with a Multiplayer Online Game," Fig. 54.
10. C. Franzoni and H. Sauermann, "Crowd Science: The Organization of Scientific Research in Open Collaborative Projects," Research Policy, in press.
11. J. Füller, K. Hutter and R. Faullant, "Why Co-Creation Experience Matters? Creative Experience and Its Impact on the Quantity and Quality of Creative Contributions," R&D Management 41, no. 3 (June 2011): 259-273.
12. Personal communication with Johann Füller, cofounder, Hyve Innovation Community, 2012.
13. J. Füller, "What Motivates Creative Consumers to Participate in Virtual New Product Development?" American Marketing Association Educators Proceedings 18 (summer 2007): 111-121.
14. R.M. Stock, P. Oliveira and E. von Hippel, "Impacts of Hedonic and Utilitarian Motives on the Novelty and Utility of User-Developed Innovations," working paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2013.
15. L. Dahlander and M. Magnusson, "How Do Firms Make Use of Open Source Communities?" Long Range Planning 41, no. 6 (December 2008): 629-649.
16. K.J. Boudreau and K R. Lakhani, "High Incentives, Sorting on Skills — Or Just a Taste for Competition? Field Experimental Evidence from an Algorithm Design Contest," working paper 11-107, Harvard Business School Technology & Operations Management Unit, Boston, Massachusetts, 2011; and B.M. Hill and A. Monroy-Hernández, "The Remixing Dilemma: The Trade-off Between Generativity and Originality," American Behavioral Scientist 57, no. 5 (May 2013): 643-663.
17. G.S. Becker, "A Theory of the Allocation of Time," Economic Journal 75, no. 299 (September 1965): 493-517; and R. Gronau, "Leisure, Home Production and Work — The Theory of the Allocation of Time Revisited," Journal of Political Economy 85, no. 6 (December 1977): 1099-1123.
18. See L. von Ahn, B. Maurer, C. McMillen, D. Abraham and M. Blum, "reCAPTCHA: Human-Based Character Recognition via Web Security Measures," Science 321, no. 5895 (Sept. 12, 2008): 1465-1468; and C. Shirky, "Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age" (London: Penguin Press, 2010).
i. E. von Hippel, S. Ogawa and J.P.J. de Jong, "The Age of the Consumer-Innovator," MIT Sloan Management Review 53, no. 1 (fall 2011): 27-35.
ii. De Jong et al., "The Diffusion of Consumer-Developed Products."
iii. Hienerth et al., "User Community vs. Producer Innovation."
iv. De Jong et al. "The Diffusion of Consumer-Developed Products."
v. Hienerth et al., "User Community vs. Producer Innovation."
vi. J. Schell, "The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses" (Burlington, Massachusetts: Morgan Kaufmann, 2008).
The authors are grateful to the members of their open and user innovation community, with whom they work closely and with whom they share the joys of mutual teaching and learning. The authors wish to specifically thank Joana Mendonca, Pedro Oliveira, Jeroen de Jong, Susumu Ogawa and Kritinee Pongtanalert for sharing their survey data and thinking. The authors also want to thank Carliss Baldwin, Dietmar Harhoff, Christoph Stockstrom and Tim Schweisfurth for sharing their ideas on this topic and critically reading an earlier version of this paper.
Buy permissions here: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/innovation-process-benefits-the-journey-as-reward/


text:
GhanaForum.com - Ghana Discussion Forum > News & Articles > News & Articles > 'Eating From Polythene Bags Is Dangerous'
View Full Version : 'Eating From Polythene Bags Is Dangerous'
KOFI ESSEL, head of the food inspectorate division of the Food & Drugs Board (FDB), has advised pregnant women, nursing mothers and the aged, especially people whose immune system is impaired, to stop eating from polythene bags, because of health-related hazards.
It is believed that eating from polythene can cause stomach cancer, even though others disagree.
http://photos.peacefmonline.com/photos/news/201208/673081253_782755.jpg
Speaking to DAILY GUIDE in Accra, Mr Essel said Ghanaians' non-observance of health precautions had exposed them to poisonous chemicals like fertilizers.
"It is a common sight to see children and even adults feeding themselves directly from polythene bags in most communities in Ghana.
"It is obvious that this act is not appropriate since you are likely to get particles of the polythene into the food which will virtually be transferred into the mouth, especially those who squeeze the food from the rubber into the mouth," he emphasised.
Mr Essel explained: "Most people are careless or ignorant of the health implications of this act. Chemicals from polythene often leach into foods, which it is used to package, especially cooked oily foods which can easily dissolve such chemicals from the polythene into the food", adding that it had serious health implications on the consumers.
A lecturer from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science at the University of Ghana, Legon, who pleaded anonymity, called on manufacturers to educate the populace on the right use of polythene for specific foods, adding it should also be indicated that polythene bags were meant to protect the food till it was transferred into a bowl.
"The issue has to do with the time-temperature relation because it also depends on the duration the food is kept in the polythene bag and the temperature of the food."
She stated that polythene bags were manufactured under 150 to 200 degree Celsius and that the heat in most food was around 60 degree Celsius so it was difficult for chemicals to be released into the food. However, this does not support eating from polythene bags because it is meant for packaging.
She additionally said people should eat from bowls since polythene bags mostly littered the environment.
However, Dr Kwaku Kyeremeh, a lecturer at the Chemistry Department of the University of Ghana, Legon, said there was no problem with eating from polythene bags only if they were of food-grade quality.
Currently, there is no real data or research on the harmfulness of polythene used in packaging cooked foods.
Dr Kyeremeh advised people to eat from polythene which had added plasticizers and were properly certified to be of food-grade quality.
Bushiratu Ayuba, a 'waakye' seller, said whenever she saw people squeezing food from the polythene bags into their mouth, she stopped them, especially female porters and 'trotro' drivers.
Herbert, a physiology student at University of Ghana, also said polythene bags were made up of carbon compounds and therefore when particles got into the stomach, they could cause stomach cancer.
Source: Eunice Asante


text:
paste <(cat conf/sampa2ipa_sorted.txt| sed '/^;/d'|awk '{print $1}' |\
perl binarize_common_phones.pl - full_lexicon/phones_cantonese.txt full_lexicon/phones_assamese.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_bengali.txt full_lexicon/phones_pashto.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_turkish.txt full_lexicon/phones_tagalog.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_vietnamese.txt full_lexicon/phones_haitian.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_lao.txt full_lexicon/phones_tamil.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_zulu.txt|awk '{print $1}'|\
join -a1 -1 1 -2 1 - <(cat conf/sampa2ipa_sorted.txt|sort -k1,1)|awk '{print $1, "\t\t", $2}')\
<(cat conf/sampa2ipa_sorted.txt| sed '/^;/d'|awk '{print $1}' |\
perl binarize_common_phones.pl - full_lexicon/phones_cantonese.txt full_lexicon/phones_assamese.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_bengali.txt full_lexicon/phones_pashto.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_turkish.txt full_lexicon/phones_tagalog.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_vietnamese.txt full_lexicon/phones_haitian.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_lao.txt full_lexicon/phones_tamil.txt\
								 full_lexicon/phones_zulu.txt|cut  -f2- -) > conf/sampa2ipa_with_counts.txt


text:
Йо Планкарт (; род. , Дейнзе,  провинция  Восточная Фландрия, Бельгия) — бельгийский профессиональный шоссейный велогонщик в 1992—2004 годах.

Семья
Представитель потомственной семьи велогонщиков.

Сын бельгийского профессионального велогонщика Вилли Планкарта (род. 1944). Племянник бельгийских профессиональных велогонщиков Вальтера Планкарта (род. 1948) и Эдди Планкарта (род. 1958)

Достижения

 1989
 1-й Тур Фландрии (юниоры)
 1993
 1-й — Этап 3 Вуэльта Андалусии
 1-й — Этап 4 Вуэльта Мурсии
 1-й Delta Profronde
 3-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 5-й Гран-при Денена
 5-й Ле-Самен
 5-й Тур дю От-Вар
 1994
 4-й Delta Profronde
 5-й Париж — Брюссель
 5-й Тур Вандея
 6-й Гран-при Исберга
 6-й Венендал — Венендал Классик
 6-й E3 Харелбеке
 7-й Эшборн — Франкфурт
 9-й Тур Кёльна
 10-й Гран-при Ефа Схеренса
 1995
 1-й Гран-при Денена
 1-й — Этап 4b Тур Швеции
 1-й — Этап 3 Тур Китая
 1-й Нокере Курсе
 2-й Тур Вандея
 2-й Омлоп ван хет Хаутланд
 2-й Классика Альмерии
 4-й E3 Харелбеке
 5-й Гран-при Фурми
 9-й Омлоп Хет Ниувсблад
 10-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 1996
 4-й Де Кюстпейл
 6-й Нокере Курсе
 1997
 1-й — Этап 4 Вуэльта Галисии
 2-й Париж — Рубе
 2-й Схал Селс
 2-й Ле-Самен
 3-й Гран-при Зоттегема
 4-й Гран-при Исберга
 8-й Тур Фландрии
 8-й Париж — Брюссель
 8-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 10-й Омлоп Хет Ниувсблад
 1998
 1-й  Этуаль де Бессеж — Генеральная классификация
 1-й — Этап 3
 1-й Гран-при Ефа Схеренса
 5-й Тур Люксембурга — Генеральная классификация
 7-й Де Кюстпейл
 8-й Париж — Тур
 9-й Delta Profronde
 1999
 1-й Кюрне — Брюссель — Кюрне
 4-й Нокере Курсе
 5-й Париж — Рубе
 5-й Схелдепрейс
 5-й Омлоп Хет Ниувсблад
 7-й Вуэльта Андалусии — Генеральная классификация
 1-й  — Очковая классификация
 7-й Этуаль де Бессеж — Генеральная классификация
 1-й — Этап 2
 8-й Милан — Сан-Ремо
 10-й Натионале Слёйтингспрейс
 2000
 1-й  Этуаль де Бессеж — Генеральная классификация
 1-й — Этап 4 (КГ)
 1-й Тро-Бро Леон
 4-й Гран-при Денена
 5-й Кюрне — Брюссель — Кюрне
 6-й Милан — Сан-Ремо
 7-й Париж — Брюссель
 7-й Тур Валлонии — Генеральная классификация
 8-й Халле — Ингойгем
 9-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 2001
 1-й Гран-при Зоттегема
 3-й Кюрне — Брюссель — Кюрне
 4-й E3 Харелбеке
 5-й Кубок Японии
 5-й Париж — Брюссель
 7-й Натионале Слёйтингспрейс
 10-й Гран-при Фурми
 10-й Ле-Самен
 2002
 2-й Эшборн — Франкфурт
 2-й E3 Харелбеке
 3-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 3-й Delta Profronde
 4-й Милан — Сан-Ремо
 5-й Гран-при Денена
 6-й Бретань Классик
 6-й Нокере Курсе
 6-й Гран-при Марсельезы
 7-й Амстел Голд Рейс
 8-й Париж — Тур
 8-й Дрёйвенкурс Оверейсе
 9-й Омлоп Хет Ниувсблад
 2003
 1-й — Этап 2 Этуаль де Бессеж
 4-й Дварс дор Фландерен
 6-й Схелдепрейс
 9-й E3 Харелбеке
 2004
 2-й Гран-при Марсельезы
 3-й Нокере Курсе
 3-й Венендал — Венендал Классик
 6-й Delta Profronde
 6-й Кюрне — Брюссель — Кюрне
 9-й Тро-Бро Леон
 10-й Тур Пикардии — Генеральная классификация

Статистика выступлений

Гранд-туры

Примечания

Ссылки
 Планкарт, Йо на FirstCycling

Велогонщики Бельгии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia