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Proposed Secondary Pension Scheme
The proposed Secondary Pension scheme aims to encourage people of working age to save more for their retirement so that they won't have to rely solely on the States old age pension and tax-funded welfare benefits later in life.
SPS Projections and Economic Impact B&W SPS Projections and Economic Impact COLOUR
What is the aim of the secondary pension scheme?
This scheme will aim to ensure that people of working age are saving more for their retirement. It is estimated that approximately 60% of the working age population, currently around 25,000 people, are not making any personal pension provision. Unless this 60% start saving for their old age, they will find themselves relying on the States old age pension, and possibly taxation financed benefits.
When will the scheme start?
The scheme is unlikely to launch before 2021. The States have approved the introduction of a Secondary Pensions Scheme in principle. However, detailed proposals have yet to be developed and will be taken back to the States by Quarter 3 2019.
Is the secondary pensions scheme compulsory?
No, the scheme is not compulsory for individuals. But if you are of working age and employed, your employer will usually have a legal duty to enrol you automatically into the new secondary pension scheme, or into another qualifying scheme. You can then decide to opt out and you will be unenrolled from the scheme. There will be no requirement for self-employed and non-employed individuals to be enrolled onto the scheme, but they will be able to contribute voluntarily.
How much will I have to contribute?
The outline proposal is that you should start paying 1% of your earnings in the first year, increasing to 6.5% over a period of seven years. These would be the amounts that you pay if you stay in the scheme and don't opt out. One of the main advantages in staying in the scheme as proposed is that your employer would also have to pay contributions into your account, starting at 1% and increasing to 3.5%.
Will my employer have to contribute?
Employers would be required to contribute at least minimum levels into either a qualifying pension scheme or into the new secondary pension scheme following automatic enrolment of their employees. If employers already contribute to a qualifying pension scheme for their employees then they do not have to contribute to the new secondary pension scheme as well, although they would be able to switch if they wished to do so. Employers would not have an obligation to make contributions for individuals who have opted out of the new scheme.
For further information and any questions you may have on the proposed scheme, take a look at the full list of frequently asked questions below.
The main aim is to make sure that people of working age are saving more for their retirement. This is so that they can add some personal pension provision to the States old age pension. This will increase their income in retirement and also reduce the cost to the taxpayers of tomorrow in paying means-tested welfare benefits in old age.
It is estimated that around 40% of the working age population currently have access to an existing occupational or personal pension scheme. This includes the private and public sectors. The implication of this is that approximately 60% of the working age population, currently around 25,000 people, are not making any personal pension provision. Unless this 60% start saving for their old age, they will find themselves relying on the States old age pension funded by social security contributions, and possibly taxation financed benefits. In future this might not be enough to avoid a poor standard of living in their retirement.
The scheme is unlikely to launch before 2021. The then Social Security Department reported to the States in February 2016 (Billet d'État III of 2016) on proposals for the implementation of a new system of automatic enrolment into private pension saving for working age residents of Guernsey and Alderney.
The report received strong support within the States and among private sector employers who were consulted during the development of the report. The States approved the principles for the introduction of a Secondary Pension Scheme, subject to further research and an economic impact assessment of the proposals.
A detailed set of proposals for the scheme's design and implementation now has to be developed and brought back to the States during 2019. A new law would then need to be drafted and brought into force, together with all the necessary administrative arrangements.
Is the secondary pension scheme compulsory?
No, the scheme is not compulsory for individuals. But if you are of working age and employed, your employer will usually have a legal duty to enrol you automatically into the new secondary pension scheme, or into another qualifying scheme. You can then decide to opt out and you will be unenrolled from the scheme. The intention, and the experience from elsewhere, is that most people who have been enrolled into the pension scheme will stay in. That's what's needed to make a substantial difference in people's pension savings.
If you do decide to opt out, your employer will be required to re-enrol you into the pension scheme every three years. Again, you will be able to opt out, but it might be that your circumstances have changed and you are more able to remain in the scheme.
There will be no requirement for self-employed and non-employed individuals to be enrolled onto the scheme, but they will be able to contribute voluntarily.
What happens if I already contribute to a private pension or Retirement Annuity Trust Scheme (RATS) through my work?
As long as the scheme you already contribute to is recognised by the States of Guernsey as an eligible scheme, then you will not have to contribute to the new scheme as well. The qualification criteria for eligible schemes have not yet been specified. For defined benefit schemes, there are likely to be tests on minimum levels of benefits. For defined contribution schemes, there are likely to be tests on minimum contributions levels from employers and minimum levels of total contributions. Multi-member Retirement Annuity Trust Schemes (RATS) may qualify as eligible pension schemes, but single members RATS will not.
If you are not automatically enrolled into the new States facilitated scheme because you are already in a qualifying scheme, you will still be able to make savings in the new States scheme if you so wish. In this scenario, you would pay voluntary payments direct to the pension provider that will be contracted for the new scheme.
I work for the States, do I have to contribute?
The rules are the same for States of Guernsey employees as they are for all other private pensions and RATS. You do not have to contribute to the new scheme if you are already contributing to a qualifying scheme. You will still have the option to further support your retirement by making contributions to the new scheme in addition to any scheme you already contribute to.
I don't want a secondary pension, can I opt out?
You will be able to opt out of the scheme after your employer has enrolled you. If this is done in the first few weeks (possibly 6 weeks), you and your employer will have your contributions reimbursed to you. If you decide to come out of the scheme at a later stage, you can do so but your contributions, and those of your employer, will remain invested in your account. Once you have opted out of the scheme, you will not get the benefit of your employer's contribution going into your account. Your employer will be required to re-enrol you into the scheme every three years.
The outline proposal is that you should start paying 1% of your earnings in the first year, increasing to 6.5% over a period of seven years. These would be the amounts that you pay if you stay in the scheme and don't opt out. One of the main advantages in staying in the scheme as proposed is that your employer would also have to pay contributions into your account, starting at 1% and increasing to 3.5%. Some people may want to pay more than these amounts into their personal pension account. This would be allowed by the person making payments directly to the pension provider. This could be weekly or monthly payments, or occasional lump-sum deposits. Your employer would not need to pay anything relating to your additional voluntary contributions.
Is this scheme just another tax?
No, this scheme is not a form of taxation. It's a savings scheme designed to provide better incomes in retirement and to reduce people's future reliance on taxation-financed welfare benefits. The money in your account remains yours.
How do I find out if I am eligible to contribute to the secondary pension scheme?
You will be eligible for auto-enrolment if you are registered to make social security contributions, are under pensionable age, and earn above the lower earnings limit (£138 per week/ £7,176 p.a. for 2017). There will not be a lower age limit. Self-employed and non-employed people will be able to opt in to the Secondary Pension scheme on a voluntary basis. In this case they would make payments directly to the pension provider that will be contracted for the new scheme. People who are above pensionable age but wish to continue saving, may also opt in on a voluntary basis.
What happens to my money if I die before I reach retirement age?
The money in your account is yours. In the event of your death, whether before or after reaching pension age, your secondary pension savings will become part of your estate, to be distributed in accordance with your will and the laws of inheritance.
What happens to my pension pot if I leave Guernsey?
People who leave the Island after having contributed to a private pension for a relatively short length of time will be able to cash in their pension pot. This would apply to pension pots of up to, say, £15,000. People with larger pension pots who were leaving the Island would be required to leave their money invested in the scheme until retirement, or perhaps transfer it to an approved pension in their new country of residence. The withdrawal or transfer will only be approved if the person has not been resident in Guernsey or Alderney for a period of three years.
Can I make additional payments to make my pension pot bigger?
Individuals would be able to add additional contributions or lump-sum investments into the Secondary Pension scheme by dealing directly with the organisation contracted to be the pension provider for the scheme. Employers would have no liability for such additional voluntary contributions.
Is there an upper limit on the amount I can pay into my secondary pension?
All individuals, whether employed, self-employed, or non-employed, would be able to make additional voluntary contributions and would be able to pay in lump sums into their pension funds. There would be limits as to the amounts that would be eligible for tax relief.
I'm too young to think about my pension, why should I care?
The demographic challenges facing Guernsey and Alderney will mean that fewer people of working age will be supporting larger numbers of retired individuals in the future. This trend will pose significant risks to public finances, unless more residents of working age start to take greater responsibility for saving for their own retirement. If people are not encouraged to do so, then there will be an increasing number of people who will need to rely on assistance from taxation-financed welfare benefits to fund their retirement. Another reason why younger people should care about saving for their retirement is that the earlier you start saving, the more money you will have to live on in your retirement, as your contributions will have longer to generate a return on the investment made. Put simply, contributing a small amount earlier in life will be worth far more to the individual than contributing a larger amount later in life.
I'm a University student, will I have to contribute?
While you are studying outside Guernsey, you will not be paying employed or self-employed contributions and therefore will not need to contribute. If you are employed in the Islands during your holidays, your employer may need to enrol you if the appointment is for more than three months. Further thought needs to be given to the rules around very short periods of employment.
Can I withdraw a lump sum when I reach pension age?
It is envisaged that individuals would have some flexibility in how they are able to access the Secondary Pension fund on retirement. There will need to be rules around how much could be taken as a lump sum and rules on the rate of weekly or monthly withdrawals. Some people may wish to use their fund to purchase an annuity. This might be from the provider of the Secondary Pension, but might be from another provider.
Can I withdraw any money before I reach retirement age?
The general rule is that you would not be able to withdraw any money from your pension pot before you reach pension age. This scheme is all about increasing people's incomes in retirement, not for other purposes. The exception to the rule is where people are leaving the Island permanently and they have a relatively small amount in their pension pot. In these cases, the value of the pension pot would be paid to the individual. This would apply to pension pots of up to, say, £15,000. The pension pots of people who die before reaching pension age will form part of the estate to be distributed in accordance with the individual's will and inheritance laws.
Will I get all my money back?
Your contributions, and those of your employer, will be invested by the pension provider in the pension investment that you have chosen, or in the default investment option if you have not made a choice. The value of your investment may go up or may sometimes go down, depending on the type of investment that you have chosen and the movement in markets. The pension provider's fees for administration and investment will be deducted from your pension pot. This will be a large scheme, so the fees should be competitive. For a long-term investment, studies show that a real return is achievable. This means that the value of your pension pot should be at least equal to the total of the contributions that you have paid plus the movement in inflation (RPIX) throughout the time that you've been investing.
I don't live in Guernsey, can I contribute to the secondary pension scheme?
The proposed scheme will be available to people living in Guernsey, Alderney, Herm and Jethou. There may be exceptions, e.g. if you are on a secondment to another jurisdiction but continue to pay Social Security contributions to Guernsey. Sark residents will not be subject to auto-enrolment but could make voluntary savings into the scheme.
If I continue to work beyond retirement age, will I still have to contribute?
You won't have to contribute and no deductions will be made from your earnings in respect of your private pension. But you can make voluntary contributions, paying directly to the pension provider.
I am already over pension age, can I contribute?
Yes. The proposal is that the pension provider that will be contracted to administer the secondary pensions will have to allow people already over retirement age to open up accounts.
I do not work, will I have to contribute to the new scheme?
Non-employed individuals who do not receive an income and do not make social security contributions would be able to open an account on a voluntary opt-in basis, but would not be automatically enrolled in the scheme.
Will my contributions be exempt from taxation on payment into the scheme?
The taxation model will follow the present system where contributions are exempt from tax on payment, but taxed when the pension is drawn.
How and when will my pension contributions be taxed?
At present, there is tax relief on pension contributions to approved schemes, up to a contributions limit of £35,000 per year by the individual. Tax is paid when you draw your pension, although you can take up to 30% of your pension as a tax-free lump sum. The limit for the cash-free lump sum is currently £194,000. The same tax rules will apply to the proposed new secondary pension scheme. This has to be decided in the next stage of detailed design.
Can I set up a secondary pension pot for my children?
The main focus is to get adults enrolled into secondary pensions. The plan is to contract with a major private sector pension provider in order to administer the personal accounts. The extent to which additional services can be offered by the contractor will be for detailed discussion. Pension accounts for children may be one such additional service.
Can I transfer my secondary pension pot to someone else?
An exception may be given in the case of a divorce where part of your pot is transferred to your spouse's pot. Your pension pot must remain your asset in order to help finance your retirement. But when you die, the remaining funds in your account will be part of your estate for distribution in accordance with your will or the laws of inheritance.
Can I transfer my secondary pension pot to another private pension provider?
Within Guernsey, it is likely that transfers to other qualifying schemes will be permitted. If you leave Guernsey, it may be possible to transfer your pension pot to another provider. Again this is a matter for detailed design. It is likely that a transfer would be allowed if the receiving scheme met required standards.
How will the contributions be collected?
There are two options currently being considered for the collection of the statutory contributions.The States will collect in Option A, your money along with the existing social security collections, but would then transfer the part for secondary pensions across to its contracted pension provider. The pension provider would invest your money on your behalf. It is envisaged that the provider will offer a range of pension investments that you can choose from. There will be a standard pension investment scheme for people who don't wish to make the choice. All additional contributions would be paid to the provider directly. In Option B, the pension provider will collect all contributions.
What will the provider do with my money?
The detailed design of the proposals will need to establish the governance arrangements. It is likely that a Trust will be established in law to govern these private pension assets and to hold them quite separate to States' assets. The Trustees of the funds would be responsible for holding the pension provider to account and for selecting the standard pension plan for people not wanting to make their own choice. An oversight committee will be put in place to monitor the Trustees' performance.
Who decides how my money will be invested?
The contracted pension provider will invest your money in accordance with the pension investments that you have chosen, or in accordance with the default investment option if you do not want to make a choice. The design of the default option will be agreed by the Trustees and the oversight committee and be based on independent investment advice.
How and where will my money be invested?
This will depend on the pension investment that you have chosen. Most of the investment choices will include a range of UK and overseas equities (shares), bonds and other investment opportunities. Different pension investment choices will hold those investments in differing proportions.
How much of my money will be spent on fees?
We will not know the fees until the new system has been designed in detail and an agreement has been reached with a selected pension provider. Because it will be a large scheme with thousands of members, we expect to be able to negotiate better fees than are offered to individuals and most employers.
Will I get a statement telling me how much is in my pension pot?
The intention is that you would get an annual statement specifying the amount in your pension pot. We would also expect the pension provider to offer online access to savers.
If I don't have enough money to live on will I still have to contribute to a secondary pension?
No, although your employer will be obliged to enrol you into a pension, you have the right to come out of it.
Will I have to contribute to a secondary pension if I am on Income Support?
If you are on Income Support and are in paid work, your employer will have to enrol you into a qualifying pension scheme. You will have the choice as to whether to stay in the scheme or come out of it. Any contributions you make will be ignored for the purpose of calculating your benefit.
Who decides how much I contribute?
The States will set the contribution rate. The outline proposal is that you should start paying 1% of your earnings in the first year, increasing to 6.5% in over a period of seven years. It's proposed that your employer should start paying 1%, increasing to 3.5%.
As a result of the March 2015 States debate (follow this link) on the Personal Tax, Pensions and Benefits Review, the then Social Security Department and Treasury and Resources Department were directed to report back to the States Assembly with policies aimed at ensuring adequate personal or workplace pension provision in Guernsey and Alderney.
The then Social Security Department has developed an outline proposal for a Secondary Pension system which will encourage the population to make greater provisions for themselves for the future through pension savings. To assist the development of the proposal, the Department undertook a consultation exercise in August and September 2015, which sought the views of individuals, businesses, and industry experts.
The results of the consultation, and proposed principles for the new system are detailed in the Policy Letter, which was debated by the States in February 2016 (follow this link). The States subsequently approved the principles for the introduction of a Secondary Pension Scheme and directed the Committee for Employment and Social Security to report back to the States of Deliberation with detailed proposals and an economic impact assessment of the proposals.
BWCI Consulting Limited was appointed to carry out the actuarial projections and worked in conjunction with Island Global Research Limited to produce the economic impact assessment. Their final report is available for download on this page.
Part of those detailed proposals will involve one or several providers to deliver the different aspects of the Secondary Pension Scheme. The procurement process is ongoing.
Updated: April 2019
Old age pension
Longer Working Lives
Secondary Pension Scheme - projections and economic impact assessment


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Hey, here's something that everyone listening to me knows—the Super Bowl is this Sunday.
And if you're asking who in America didn't know that, well, it would be the small number of people living in a little place called denial—more specifically New Orleans—who were holding out hope a federal judge would order a replay of the Rams-Saints game because of a blown call late in the game.
Instead, the federal judge simply rejected the quest by two New Orleans Saints ticket holders to force a full or partial do-over of this year's NFC Championship Game.
"None of the actions Plaintiffs might seek to compel Commissioner Goodell to do are the kinds of actions a writ of mandamus may address," the judge wrote said in a 17-page ruling in which she detailed the extraordinary circumstances in which Louisiana law allows a writ of mandamus to be issued.


Turns out that depression is hella difficult and I've struggled muchly with it. I recently had a release come out on beatport of a remix I did for Snareophobe and i noticed something on the date. It was a year to the day since I had released a chune on the platform. It had been almost as long since I had uploaded anything to Soundcloud. This was a bit of an eye opener for me for a few reasons. Firstly, it made me realise that I'd all but stopped putting out music and cut myself off from a lot of what and who I loved, and secondly; I am my own worst enemy sometimes and depression feeds that enemy then blames other people for it.
As any artist will tell you, its really easy to be hard on yourself and tie your self worth and self esteem to something that you pour your soul into. To feel the need of some kind of validation for that vulnerability that comes with truly putting yourself out there in true self expression is an all too familiar crux for people like myself. I've literally sat there refreshing a new track on soundcloud hoping the plays have gone up, or that someone has given it a heart or a repost or taken the time to post the increasingly-less-frequent comment. It can be more of an addiction then any drug (I know from experience). At some point, the drug ceases to be as effective and instead of seeing the positives in someone, anyone, taking the time to listen to a track at all (let alone as soon as its posted) it began to be taken over with ever increasing expectations "only 50 plays in the first 24hours? Must not be a good song". And while those sort of unrealistic expectations would, for the longest time, only fuel me to try and write 'better' songs; it eventually started fueling a depression that I had battled before. It blinded me to the beautiful facts that have been staring at me the whole time. 'Someone' listened. Not just a single 'someone', a lot of people listened. It didn't occur to me that the idea of putting expectations on self expression is like deciding to go for a run then tying your shoelaces together. Music, especially the kind that I tend to make, lends itself far too easily to be influenced by the allure of needing to make 'bangers' or music specifically meant to appeal to those whose primary focus is a 'drop', to be able to share it with a wider audience. Every artist, myself included, wants to share their expression, their music, with as many people as they can in the hopes of making those connections. In the hope that they take what you've made and make it a part of their own experience, part of the soundtrack to their life (or at least a moment of it).
I remember the first time I started to feel like maybe the music I made wasn't worth putting out to the world. I put such a huge emphasis on my own story and the part I played in it that instead of letting it be what it was and let others find their own stories and experiences to associate with it, I forced it to be about my own. The solo-show rather then an ensemble that included everyone. Its a hard thing to realise because I wanted so badly to make a difference in the world that I thought if people knew my own struggles, my story, that it would connect and not only reach more people but also point out all these (obvious to me) things that were just blatantly WRONG in the world. What I didn't realise at the time was that it wasnt about me (yes, victim to my own ego, no matter how much I tried to justify it). I said once that I wanted to put how I felt in a song so that hopefully someone else recognised the feeling and didn't feel alone. THAT was my ultimate truth, my reason for making music and sharing it, and I had lost that. I stopped sending music to labels, stopped putting anything that wasn't a release out on my soundcloud and generally just stopped actually trying to connect because I felt like it was pointless. I put so much expectation on the indiegogo campaign that I had convinced myself that if it failed, my story was meaningless and that there was no point continuing on with it. The problem was, I set myself to fail before it started and it fed into the depression that then consumed me for the better part of the last 2 years. Looking back now, I realise that not only was it not what I really wanted at the time (I believe that I was looking for validation) but that I overlooked the fact that it gave me more then I asked. I had asked for one thing and was given another. Its only now, more then 2 years later, that I'm starting to realise this. I used the 'failed' campaign as a reinforcement of the self-doubt that had always been present and let the floodgates open as far as depression was concerned. Honestly, its been hell and I can't be more thankful for the people who still keep believing in me and have kept in touch, kept listening and kept offering me kind words even in my most dark days. Depression turned the one thing that was helping me keep it in check into something that became another cause for it.
So once depression had blinded me to the reasons I was looking at the thing I love so much in this world as the core thing that seemed to be causing me so much hurt, it set about retrospectively deconstructing and rewriting the truth of my experiences through a twisted perspective. It turned what were, and still are, amazing experiences, connections and events into reinforcing negatives against what I loved. Its a slow process to turn it around again and to see the damage its done is largely to myself but its also had an effect on those I love, not only those closest to me who have watched helplessly as I seemingly destroyed myself about something that I loved, but also those who had found something in my music to connect with. A kindred spirit. I spent a large majority of the last few years feeling more and more disconnected and, subsequently, less valued as an artist or even just a person. The truth is I withdrew and disconnected from you. The truth of it has left me somewhat gutted and apologetic. So let this be my apology. I am sorry. I need you (I think I will always have that need to connect and that sense of needing validation, its part of what drives the artist in me) and I am so thankful that you still listen. It's a new page and I honestly have no idea what will come next but I want to reconnect, to share those small pieces of my heart and soul again in the hope that you will share a small part of yours with me and that I can be part of the ensemble again.


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Maradona's World Cup Absence "Strange" for Messi, Argentina
nbcsports.com
Maradona's World Cup Absence "Strange" for Messi, Argentina originally appeared on NBC Sports Boston
No matter what happens on the field, this World Cup will be a special one for Argentina.
It likely will be the last World Cup for Lionel Messi and already is the first since the death of Diego Maradona. The Argentine great died exactly two years ago Friday.
Maradona, his nation's beloved soccer "God," had been a presence for Argentina at every World Cup since 1982 as a player, coach of elder statesman.
Maradona died at age 60 on Nov. 25 in 2020, a date most Argentines will never forget. He passed away while under hospital care in his home following brain surgery, and judicial authorities continue to investigate if medical negligence was involved.
Several tributes were dedicated to Maradona ahead of the 2022 World Cup, both in Argentina and in Qatar.
"Diego is immortal, he is still with us," FIFA president Gianni Infantino said Friday in front of a real-size statue of Maradona unveiled at an event in Qatar organized by South American soccer confederation CONMEBOL.
"What this man has done to get people to fall in love with this sport, maybe nobody else has been able to do."
Infantino said that at every World Cup going forward will be a day reserved to celebrate Maradona.
"Everyone knows about the unique sincerity and charisma that Diego had," Infantino said. "He was a great leader in Argentina, South American and the entire world. We have to keep celebrating him."
Several former Argentina teammates of Maradona were at the event in Qatar. Argentina fans planned to gather in his honor later Friday in Doha.
In Buenos Aires, a huge mural had already emerged of Maradona wearing a national team jersey and holding his right hand in a fist, a defiant expression on his face. The massive piece of artwork climbs 148 feet high and 131 feet wide (45 meters by 40 meters) and was painted on the side of a 14-story building in the Argentine capital.
Another mural with images of Maradona was put together in Doha not too many kilometers (miles) from where Lionel Messi and Argentina were shocked 2-1 by Saudi Arabia in the team's opener.
Messi, playing in his fifth World Cup, had told FIFA ahead of the Qatar tournament that it was "strange, different" not to see Maradona in the tribunes or the "people going crazy when he appears." He said he felt Maradona would always "be present somewhere."
Maradona played in four World Cups from 1982 to 1994, and was the coach of the national team in 2010.
Some of his best — and worst — moments came at the World Cup, from the "Hand of God" goal against England in 1986 to his failed doping test that got him expelled from the tournament in 1994.
Maradona led Argentina to the title in 1986, when his hand goal in the quarterfinals against England became one of the greatest — and most controversial ones — in tournament history. In that same match, he also scored one of the best World Cup goals ever after a run past opponents that began on Argentina's own field.
Not long before the 2022 World Cup kicked off, the Argentine soccer association received the original shirt that Maradona wore in the 1986 tournament as a gift from Germany great Lothar Matthaus, who exchanged jerseys with Maradona after Argentina's 3-2 win at Azteca Stadium in Mexico City.
As Argentina's coach in 2010 in South Africa, Maradona led the national team to the quarterfinals, when it was eliminated by Germany.
One of the most disturbing images of the star at a World Cup came eight years later in Russia, when an overweight and somewhat disoriented Maradona collapsed at the stadium in St. Petersburg following a 2-1 victory over Nigeria, when Messi scored one of the goals.
The 35-year-old Messi likely won't be back for another World Cup four years from now. And if he can't find a way to lead this year's team to a good result against México in its second game on Saturday, Argentina's first World Cup without Maradona will come to an end without Messi as well.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Christine S. Wilson Sworn in at FTC, Completing New Slate of FTC Commissioners
Christine S. Wilson Sworn in at FTC, Completing New Slate of FTC Commissioners
By Janis Kestenbaum on October 30, 2018
Posted in Advertising Agencies, False Advertising
On September 26, 2018, Christine S. Wilson was sworn in as a Commissioner at the Federal Trade Commission into the seat previously held by Maureen Ohlhausen. Commissioner Wilson most recently held a senior legal role at Delta Airlines, previously was an antitrust partner at two large law firms, and during the George W. Bush Administration served as Chief of Staff to FTC Chairman Timothy Muris.
With the addition of Commissioner Wilson, the FTC now has a full slate of five commissioners at the helm, all of whom joined the agency within the last six months. It is still early days at the FTC under the leadership of Chairman Joe Simons but there are already signs that change is afoot. For example, the FTC has begun a broad review of whether it is using the full range of its remedial powers as effectively as possible, including whether there are new or infrequently applied remedies, such as monetary relief or notice to affected consumers in deceptive advertising cases. (See Concurring Statement of Commissioner Slaughter joined by Chairman Simons (Sept. 12, 2018); Statement of Commissioner Chopra (Sept. 12, 2018)). The FTC has initiated public hearings examining its approach to consumer protection and competition matters (see Announcement of FTC Hearings on Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century (June 20, 2018)). And the Commission is redoubling its efforts to take economics into account in consumer protection matters, as reflected by the appointment of James Cooper in the new role of Deputy Director for Economic Analysis in the Bureau of Consumer Protection.
While the FTC is not known for dramatic shifts in approach, with the infusion of five new commissioners from varied backgrounds, this is likely only the start of further changes we will see at the agency.
Tags: FTC


In this way? Your government can reliably train the downtrodden sheep to accept an increasingly oppressive police state - with no 'blow-back' whatsoever.
It all works great for your government - and for the handful of psychopaths and business interests that control it. Add in loads of video games featuring additional predictive programming. Which CONSTANTLY features new world order scenarios and black-clad mercenaries on streets - as being 'just normal.' Use movies too. Mix in LOTS of TV shows starring even more black-clad traitors, breaking down doors (usually without warrants). You cannot watch TV without seeing that every half-hour or so. Make your stars in TV dramas, dress up in government uniforms. Make stars appear totally normal - even as heroes! As they beat up, intimidate, and illegally terrorize arrest victims.
P.S. Is there a way to 'fight back' against such programming? Yep: Turn off your TV, to start. Be UNWILLING to be programmed by mainstream media. Which is owned by just a handful of corporations all preaching the same dogma: Bow to authority in whatever guise it takes. Get your body (and mind) into SUPER-fit shape. Read my blogs on fitness and nutrition to get yourself up to speed on that. Then you'll stay out of the medical system for the most part. Which has turned into a drug-pushing tyranny in its own right. Plus: Do your best to extricate yourself from an overly complex, financial 'Matrix Gone Mad.' Cut costs, eliminate debt where possible - and appreciate simplicity. There's beauty in it, my friend! And it may be among our final freedoms. Do all the above, if you can. And you'll make yourself a peaceful battler. Until corruption tries to render you...obsolete.


text:
Q: What is the mapping between the number of thread and csv_data_config in Jmeter? I am doing Jmeter testing. My setup is:
thread group: 1
threads in group: 10
loop count: 5

I also have a csv data config file that contains:
usr1, passwd1
usr2, passwd2
usr3, passwd3
usr4, passwd4
usr5, passwd5

'Recycle on EOF' set to true, 'Stop Thread on EOF' set to false.
Then I read some article online (JMeter CSV Dataset Config: how to move through variables in the same thread?)
A couple of doubts:

*

*I think by setting 'Recycle on EOF' set to true, thread 1-5 will use username/passwd 1-5, thread 6-10 should reuse username/passwd 1-5. But I am wrong, thread 6-10 only get EOF as username/passwd and fail my test obviously, like the article suggest. But why?

*Then I set 'threads in group' to 5, problem in 1) is gone, thread 1-5 use username/passwd 1-5 for loop 1. But because loop count>1, I do not know when thread 1-5 finish their 1st round, what username/passwd they will pick for loop 2? Should thread 1-5 still use username/passwd 1-5 in that order always? My observation is that it's like a first come, first served thing, whichever thread finish loop 1 first will get username/passwd 1. Is that the expected behavior?

*For some reason, my test does not allow 2 threads to run using the same username/passwd at the same time. If what I describe in 2) is true, then I can have below timing situation:
a) thread 1 (use username/passwd 1)takes longest time
b) thread 5 (use username/passwd 5)takes shortest time
c) when thread 5 finish loop 1, it grab username/passwd 1 and run, at this moment, thread 1 loop 1 is still in progress, bad things happen...
So what configuration can I set to have all threads to wait for each other to finish the current loop, then start to run next loop together?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Vol 8 (2016/17), Juris
Ill Advice or Ill-advised? Negligent Medical Advice and the Modified Montgomery Test
by Tan Wei Ming
When is a doctor liable for giving a patient negligent medical advice? In the case of Hii Chii Kok v Ooi Peng Jin London Lucien [Hii Chii Kok],1 the Court of Appeal departed from established case law and created a new test to determine the standard of care a doctor must meet to discharge his duty to the patient he is advising. This article will outline the state of the law regarding negligent medical advice in Singapore, analyse the new three-stage modified Montgomery test and discuss some of its implications on the medical and legal practice.
As reiterated in Hii Chii Kok, the practice of medicine by doctors comprises of three aspects:2
Diagnosis – Establishing what the medical issue is.
Advice – Providing the patient relevant and material information about recommended courses of action, alternative treatments and the potential risk.
Treatment – Carrying out "that which the patient has agreed should be carried out"; this may, for example, refer to surgery as well as relevant pre- and post-operative treatment.3
Prior to the ruling in Hii Chii Kok, the leading local authority on the applicable standard of care expected of medical professionals was Dr Khoo James & Anor v Gunapathy d/o Muniandy [Gunapathy].4 It accepted and applied the longstanding Bolam-Bolitho test to all three aspects of medical practice.5 The Bolam-Bolitho test comprises of two stages – the Bolam test and the Bolitho addendum.
According to the Bolam test, laid down in the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [Bolam],6 the standard of care expected of a professional practicing a special skill is that of an "ordinary skilled man exercising and professing to have that special skill."7 In medical negligence, the court assesses whether the doctor "acted in accordance with a practice accepted as proper by a responsible body medical men skilled in that particular art."8 The presence of a body of opinion that takes a contrary view will not result in liability. Thus, even if the body of opinion that accepts the specific practice is in the minority, the doctor will not be found liable so long as they made use of a reasonable practice.
The test was developed in recognition of the fact that the courts are generally not well-placed to settle medical controversies. Given the diversity of reasonable views that may be held on a particular medical issue, it may be unfair for the courts to find a doctor liable for holding that view even if the view is subsequently found to be wrong. On the other hand, not every view can be found acceptable by the Court. Consequently, for a doctor to meet the standard of care and show that an ordinary skilled member of his profession would have acted in the same way, the test only requires that the doctor show that some other doctors would have acted in the same way.9
The Bolam test was later supplemented by the Bolitho addendum in the case of Bolitho v City & Hackney Health Authority [Bolitho].10 The addendum requires the expert medical opinion to pass a threshold test of logic; it is met if the medical experts who gave testimony have compared the risks and benefits and come to a defensible conclusion that fulfils a threshold of logic and consistency.
While the test was initially only applicable to diagnosis and treatment, it was subsequently extended to the disclosure of medical risks by the Court in Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [Sidaway].11 The majority ruled that a decision to omit disclosing risks of medical treatment is, like treatment and diagnosis, an exercise of professional skill and judgement and should be determined through the Bolam test.
However, the blanket application of the Bolam-Bolitho test to all aspects of medical treatment was a controversial decision for its promotion of medical paternalism.
Notably, the UK Supreme Court, in the case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board [Montgomery],12 introduced a new test that overruled Sidaway's application of the Bolam-Bolitho test in the context of medical advice. A doctor must disclose material risks as well as reasonable alternatives to the recommended treatment. Material risks are defined as those which a reasonable person in the patient's position would likely find significant, or that the doctor should reasonably aware that the patient would find significant.13
This change came in reaction to developments in how the medical profession and society viewed the doctor-patient relationship. The Court noted that the General Medical Council viewed the informed involvement of patients as an integral aspect of professionalism in treatment.14 Another important social development considered by the Court was the recognition of the right to respect of private life by the European Convention on Human Rights. This was deemed by the European Court of Human Rights to give rise to a duty to involve the patient in decisions relating to their treatment.15
Other jurisdictions such as Australia16 and Malaysia17 have also adopted a 'prudent patient' approach to risk disclosure.
III. THE MODIFIED MONTGOMERY TEST
In Hii Chii Kok, the Court of Appeal recognised the need to distinguish between the various aspects of medical treatment to align the law with societal developments. While the Court recognised the difficulty in rigidly distinguishing between the three aspects of medical practice, it stated that it would be artificial to treat them as monolithic and capable of being assessed with reference to a single test.18
The Bolam-Bolitho test was retained for diagnosis and treatment. Here, the patient is a passive participant that provides information and received treatment in accordance with the directions of the doctor.19 The test is suited for these aspects as it recognises that doctors possess expert knowledge on medical matters. A doctor is ultimately in charge of making the diagnosis and treatment. The acts of diagnosing illness and providing treatment are considered to be an exercise of professional skill and judgment. This is because a wide variety of factors – advancing medical knowledge, the doctor's personal experience and patient-specific information – may lead to disagreements over the appropriate result or treatment. In such situations, it may be reasonable for a doctor to recommend a particular diagnosis or treatment. As previously mentioned, it is not appropriate for the Court to attempt to settle medical controversies and decide that one particular view is correct. The better approach in determining whether a doctor meets the professional standard of care, as seen in the continued application of the Bolam-Bolitho test for diagnosis and treatment, is to examine whether their professional judgment was supported by a responsible body of opinion.
However, the Court recognised that in the context of medical advice, both the medical profession and society in general now perceive patients as active participants engaged in a dialogue with their doctors. Unlike the aspects of diagnosis and treatment, where the doctor is in charge, the decision to undergo treatment is ultimately made by the patient. As their decision can be informed by circumstances, objectives and values beyond purely medical considerations,20 the patient must have all the information they would reasonably require to make such decisions.
Referencing the reasoning in Montgomery, the Court noted that similar developments had occurred in the perception of medical advice by the medical industry and public. It relied on the Singapore Medical Council's Ethical Code and Ethical Guidelines (2016 Edition) [ECEG] to show this change. The ECEG states that patients are now more knowledgeable about medical issues and want their doctors to provide sufficient information to allow them to make informed decisions.21 Consequently, it encourages doctors to respect patient autonomy and facilitate their decision-making by ensuring they are advised of the benefits and risks involved.22 The guidelines were recognised by the Court as an indication of the new perspective that both society and the medical industry have adopted with regard to medical advice. This gave rise to the impetus to adjust the applicable test to better reflect the values of society and the medical industry.
The Bolam-Bolitho test, applied to medical advice, would allow a doctor to withhold information so long as some of his peers would have acted similarly. This conflicts with the patient's entitlement to make decisions and created the need for a new test to account for the patient's perspective. For these reasons, the Court departed from the Bolam-Bolitho test as adopted in Gunapathy and established the new patient-centric three stage test to determine whether a doctor meets the applicable standard of care when dispensing medical advice.
At the first stage, the patient must identify the exact nature of the information that he alleges was not given to him and establish why it would be regarded as relevant and material. This assessment is made from the perspective of the patient. The Court stated that information which doctors ought to disclose is information that would be relevant and material to a reasonable patient situated in the particular patient's position, or information that a doctor knows is important to the particular patient in question.23
The second stage inquires whether the doctor was in possession of that information.24 If the doctor was not aware of the information, the court returns to the Bolam-Bolitho test to assess whether the doctor was negligent in diagnosis or treatment.25
If the doctor was in possession of the information, the third stage of the test examines the reasons why the doctor chose to withhold the information from the patient. The court will assess whether the doctor's reasons for withholding the information were justified and consider whether this was a sound judgment, having regard to the standards of a reasonable and competent doctor.26 The burden is on the doctor to justify the non-disclosure and the testimony of medical experts on reasons to withhold information will assume more significance because the decision includes an element of professional judgment.27 Examples of situations where a doctor may be justified in withholding information include a patient waiving their right to receive further information, emergency treatment or exercise of therapeutic privilege by the doctor.28
IV. HII CHII KOK'S MODIFICATIONS TO THE MONTGOMERY TEST
While the Montgomery test and the Modified Montgomery test are broadly similar, there are a number of key differences that distinguish the two.
A. Disclosure of Relevant and Material Information
While the scope of material information under the Modified Montgomery test appears to be great, the Montgomery test and the first stage of the Hii Chii Kok formulation are likely to be substantially similar in practice.
The Hii Chii Kok formulation focuses its discussion of risk along the lines of likelihood and severity. A remote risk with minor consequences is unlikely to be considered material, while a likely risk with severe consequences is likely to be considered material. The Court also stressed that a severe consequence with a very low probability of eventuating may not necessarily need to be disclosed.29
Next, the Hii Chii Kok formulation does not restrict material and relevant information to material risks involved in recommended treatment as well as reasonable alternative treatments.30 Despite this apparent increase in scope under the Hii Chii Kok formulation, it is submitted that the Montgomery test can be interpreted broadly to encompass much of what Singaporean courts would consider material and relevant information.
Referencing the Canadian case of Dickson v Pinder,31 the Court in Hii Chii Kok gave several examples of information that would likely be considered material: the doctor's diagnosis of the patient's condition, the prognosis of that condition with and without medical treatment, the nature of the proposed medical treatment, the risks associated with the proposed medical treatment and the alternatives to the proposed medical treatment as well as the advantages and risks of those alternatives.32
These are notably very similar to the characterisation of risk in Montgomery. In the UK, the materiality of a risk is determined by assessing its magnitude, nature, effect upon the life of the patient, importance of the benefit sought by the treatment, the alternatives and risks of alternatives.33 As a result, it is unlikely that information provided by doctors in the two jurisdictions will drastically differ in practice.
B. Inclusion of Second Stage of Test
The second stage of Hii Chii Kok's formulation requires that the doctor actually possess the information that the patient alleges was not given.34 Although not expressly provided for in Montgomery, it is submitted that the doctor actually having the information is a logical and implicit requirement. The courts are unlikely to penalise a doctor for failing to advise if the information in question was not available. Nonetheless, the discussion of the second stage in Hii Chii Kok is noteworthy for highlighting that the doctor lacking information primarily a problem of diagnosis and treatment. These are aspects best handled by the Bolam-Bolitho test.
C. Exceptions to Test
In Montgomery, the Court discussed a number of exceptions to the test. A doctor will be entitled to withhold information if its disclosure would be seriously detrimental to the patient's health and in situations of necessity.35
Hii Chii Kok deliberately avoided closing off the list of exceptions. The Court is only to assess whether the doctor's conduct was justified in the circumstances. However, the Court indicated that situations involving waiver of the right to receive further information, emergencies and exercises of therapeutic privilege would likely justify a doctor's conduct.36
V. COMMENTARY
It is submitted that the Hii Chii Kok formulation is a commendable refinement of local law that effectively deals with some of the criticisms levelled at Montgomery. It also presents the possibility of development of the law in a non-medical context.
A. The Modified Montgomery Test and Patient Autonomy
The Modified Montgomery test is an unequivocal recognition of the importance of patient autonomy by the courts. However, while the concept of patient autonomy was the driver of change in both the medical industry and the courts, the court did not explore the content of this concept in great detail.
Future cases will inevitably grapple with the problem of what and how much information is relevant and material to the patient. The answers to these questions may very well be grounded in how patient autonomy comes to be understood in Singapore.
The Court has recently discussed the concept of autonomy in ACB v Thomson Medical Pte Ltd.37 Two main concepts of autonomy were offered. The first places prominence on the patient having the freedom to choose, even if the choice may be considered detrimental or irrational. The second argues that the concept of autonomy should facilitate both the current as well as long term desires of the patient. The focus shifts from the patient having a choice to the patient making a good quality choice that best account for their desires in life as a whole.
These two concepts of autonomy have significant implications on the nature of the standard of care. It may be sufficient for a doctor to provide only enough information for the patient to make a decision about the medical issue at hand. However, a more expansive conception of autonomy may require the doctor to go significantly beyond the current medical issue and consider the long-term well-being of the patient.
It is presently unclear how future courts will resolve the problem of autonomy as it relates to medical advice. This is likely to give rise to some confusion and uncertainty in the short term. Future cases will be invaluable in shedding light on how far doctors should go to respect patient autonomy in a post-Hii Chii Kok Singapore. It may well be that this problem will prove to be more theoretical than real.
B. Defensive Practice
With the present uncertainty over the nature of the doctor's duty to advise and the removal of the protection that the Bolam-Bolitho test afforded medical practitioners, a principal concern from the shift towards a patient-centric approach is how doctors will react to the change in the law. Montgomery has been questioned for raising the likelihood of defensive practice.38 This refers to doctors advising and undertaking the treatment believed to be legally safe.39 Examples include inundating patients with information to ensure the legal boxes are ticked and to maximise the likelihood of patient comprehension.
However, the doctor is expected to take reasonable care to ensure the patient understands the information. It bears noting that the duty is only that of reasonable care; doctors are not expected to meet unrealistic standards of behaviour by ensuring complete comprehension. Additionally, the doctor must ensure the provision of information is balanced with proper communication of said information such that the patient is able to understand the advice.40 The Court also noted that concerns raised in Gunapathy about defensive practice mainly concerned the aspects of diagnosis and treatment rather than the provision of advice.41
It is submitted that such concerns may be overstated. While there was no legal necessity for a doctor to take the steps laid out in the Modified Montgomery test, the ECEG has already recognised the importance of patient autonomy and encouraged doctors to facilitate informed decisions. The practice of providing sufficient information for patients to make an informed decision is one that doctors should not be unfamiliar with. The Modified Montgomery test should not result in drastic shifts in behaviour to compensate for concerns that the advice is deficient.
C. Increased Litigation
On the flipside, the removal of the protection afforded to doctors by the Bolam-Bolitho test may also lead to an increase in medical litigation, which would drive up medical insurance and healthcare costs. Patients may be more likely to commence litigation if they believe they are more likely to win under the new test.
A useful indicator of the likelihood of increased litigation would be to examine other jurisdictions which have adopted similar tests. While it may be too soon to decide if Montgomery has resulted in a significant increase in litigation in the UK, Australia has not experienced the dreaded flood of litigation in the wake of Rogers v Whitaker. Litigation on disclosure of medical risks has been rare and generally involved factual disagreement over what was disclosed rather than the more contentious issue of whether a risk should have been disclosed.42
The Court in Hii Chii Kok noted that many of the primary drivers of increased litigation, such as contingency fees, are not present in Singapore. It stated that this would ameliorate concerns about the Modified Montgomery test, on its own, opening the floodgates to litigation. Additionally, it rightly noted that a possibility of increased litigation should not shut out legal reform.43 However, it is submitted that the perception of decreased protection of medical practitioners may, rightly or wrongly, still drive litigants to make claims where they might not have done so under Gunapathy. While this may not represent the drastic increase in litigation that the concern was concerned about, a gradual uptick in litigation and by extension, malpractice insurance costs may be an unfortunate result of the new paradigm. This may be exacerbated in the future if the patient-centric approach does in fact result in more successful claims.
D. Impact of Hii Chii Kok on other areas of professional negligence
Looking to the future, it is possible that Hii Chii Kok may lead to development of the law in other areas of professional negligence. While it remains to be seen how the courts in Singapore will react to the principles established in Hii Chii Kok when applied to other professions, there is some precedent to suggest that the scope of the Bolam-Bolitho test may be further circumscribed.
The UK case of O'Hare v Coutts & Co [O'Hare]44 recently considered Montgomery's approach to medical advice while assessing whether an investment advisor was negligent in explaining risks to the defendant bank. The Court ruled that an investment advisor's duty to communicate the risks and ensure his client understood said risks should be governed by the Montgomery test instead of the Bolam test.45 This is because the finance industry does not presently have clear guidelines for investment advisors and their treatment of risk management. Finance industry regulations, analogous to those in the medical industry, also encourage advisors to act in a manner close to the approach prescribed in Montgomery. This led to the Montgomery test being preferred over the Bolam-Bolitho test. While O'Hare does not indicate a wholesale rejection of the Bolam-Bolitho test – an approach rejected in Hii Chii Kok46 – it indicates that the scope of the Bolam-Bolitho test may be further eroded in areas of professional negligence where the victim needs to make a decision based on expert advice.
While courts are generally slow to depart from established local precedent, the judgment in Hii Chii Kok was a necessary refinement to bring Singaporean law in line with the values of its people. It is a timely reminder that the law, far from being static, is a reflection of the values and beliefs of Singaporeans that must adapt to grapple with the new legal challenges created by a constantly developing society.
[1] [2017] SGCA 38.
[2] Ibid at [95] – [98].
[3] Ibid at [98].
[4] [2002] 1 SLR(R) 1024.
[5] Supra note 1 at [54].
[6] [1957] 1 WLR 582.
[7] Ibid at 586.
[10] [1998] AC 232.
[12] [2015] UKSC 11.
[13] Ibid at [87].
[16] Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479.
[17] Foo Fio Na v Dr Soo Fook Mun & Anor [2007] 1 MLJ 593.
[18] Supra note 1 [2017] SGCA 38 at [90].
[19] Supra note 1 at [96], [98].
[20] Supra note 1 at [117].
[21] Ibid at [118].
[23] Ibid at [132], [137].
[28] Ibid at [150]-[152].
[29] Supra note 1 at [140], [141].
[31] [2010] ABQB 269.
[33] Supra note 12 at [87].
[37] [2017] SGCA 20.
[38] Tracey Elliott, 'A Break with the Past? Or More of the Same? Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board' (2015) 31 Professional Negligence 190.
[39] Supra note 1 at [84].
[42] Bismark et al., 'Legal Disputes over Duties to Disclose Treatment Risks to Patients: A Review of Negligence Claims and Complaints in Australia', online: (2012) PLoS Med 9(8): e1001283 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001283>.
[43] Ibid at [84]-[86].
[44] [2016] EWHC 2224.
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Passed away Wednesday, August 15, 2018 at the Ross Memorial Hospital. There will be a Celebration of Life on Saturday, August 25 from 5:00 P.M. - 7:00 P.M. at Lakeland Funeral & Cremation Centre, 19 Moose Road, Lindsay. If desired, donations to the Humane Society of Kawartha Lakes would be appreciated.


Miami River companies that ship to Haiti hoped to rebound from slow business and revenue losses earlier this year due to port holdups, only to resurface from one problem and sail head on into another.
Customs rates for imports on the island have doubled with the price of goods and transportation costs have spiked because of fuel prices, further aggravating what some of them call the worse downturn for business in decades.
The increase in custom taxes occurred as the Haitian government attempts to regulate its imports and eliminate side deals and impropriety where custom workers on the island got breaks to overlook custom fees on goods coming in. Now that the government has tamped down on the corruption, the true price of custom fees has shot up.
"It was done to make sure the customs duties in Haiti were collected properly and given to the right authorities," said Richard Dubin, vice president of Miami-based Haiti Shipping Lines. "So hopefully the government can spend that money in the country for the right improvements needed."
At a time of economic and social turmoil in Haiti, shipping to the Caribbean nation is a must. And many of these businesses in Miami are a lifeline to Haiti and have developed ties to the island nation. Those ties make it difficult for local shipping companies to simply pack up and do business elsewhere while revenue loss becomes commonplace as the global economy sours, especially on the island.
In 2007, trade revenues with Haiti from Miami totaled $783 million, according to the Jay Malina International Trade Center. Miami's trade with Haiti ranks 29th among the Americas, the center says.
"The price of everything is going up and so has the value of goods," said Ralph Latortue, consul general for Haiti in Miami. "So the percent you pay to import goods will also go up."
Freight charges have increased over the first half of the year by 30% and custom fees have increased 50%, according to Munir Mourra, a Miami River terminal operator and chair of the Haitian-American Chamber of Commerce of Florida, based in Miami.
"On the island, the price of customs is a percent rate of the price of the goods," Mr. Mourra said. "Due to the fact that there is an increase in the cost of goods in the US, the taxes will increase significantly in proportion to that increase in goods in Haiti."
To assist getting goods into the island for food relief, Mr. Latortue, who works with Miami-Dade County and the Red Cross through an emergency relief committee, has tried to centralize efforts to ship aid to the island. The organization has placed containers at area churches as drop-off points for shipment coming up in the throughout the year. Miami Dade College separately collected about 131 boxes of non-perishable food items through a food drive at the end of May to assist Food for the Poor's relief efforts on the island.
"We have the logistics in place to make sure that assistance gets to Haiti quickly and into the right hands," said Angel Aloma, executive director of Food For The Poor, based in Coconut Creek, which has warehouses to store goods and a feeding center on the island that serves some 20,000 Haitians daily. "Every shipment of food we send will save lives."
Food for the Poor was able to get its shipment out to Haiti last week, but Mr. Latortue is urging relief groups to pool their efforts to ensure that goods for humanitarian aid get to the victims and aren't subjected to the ongoing custom and regulation holdups.
"We want to have it centrally organized and have one entity coordinating all this relief effort," Mr. Latortue said. "We're having a tremendous response from all the communities, and whether it's through a non-governmental agency or not, at the same time we need to work with the government to make sure it gets in."
On the other hand, business with the island has still taken a hit. Some terminal operators and service industries say it's the longest period of slow business they have met in years.
"You don't have as many people trading now and since then, the food prices have gone through the roof, fuel prices have gone through the roof," Mr. Dubin said, "Business has definitely gone down because of those factors."
Two of the three shipping companies that operated out of Miami Trading and Brokers' terminals have gone out of business or closed down.
"We've never been through a crisis like this," said Albert Rodriguez, who has owned and run the terminals for 15 years. "I know there are mortgages to be paid on this river and the revenue just is not there."
Mr. Rodriguez said that slow business for this shipping industry has spread to truck drivers who cannot even afford the cost of fuel to move cargo and that businesses on the river are struggling to find reliable ground transportation as well.
"There are no ships coming, there is no work, everybody's just sitting around," Mr. Rodriguez said. He said the economy and high gas prices have prompted many of the businesses to close.
Steve Johnson, the owner of Shoreline, owns and runs a fueling company that services the vessels shipping to Haiti. He said that once the new regulations in Haiti were introduced and the taxes increased enormously, he saw a decrease in business from selling roughly 350,000 to 450,000 gallons of fuel a month in October 2007 to 40,000 to 60,000 gallons this past month. Mr. Johnson said that the regulations and higher taxes triggered the decline in trips to Haiti and then the weak economy compounded the problem, raising the price of goods and fuel. He said shipping to Haiti has declined about 80%.
"It paralyzed the shipping industry on the river," Mr. Johnson said. "I've been doing this for 20 years on the river and the river business has gone up and down, up and down, but it has never stayed down for this long. I don't have a crystal ball for when things will get better."
Some businesses owners say they will continue to ship to Haiti even as costs go up, planning to stick it out while factors from all sides threaten to put them out of business. As long as people have a need to ship to the island, Mr. Mourra said, some of the businesses keep doing it.
"Yes, taxation has actually doubled because the price of food has doubled. Yes, freight charges have increased because the price of fuel has gone up," said the Haitian-American Chamber's Mr. Mourra, president of River Terminal Services. "The sad part is that people must now pay twice what it costs to ship an item whether it's personal items or food items."


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XV. OF SEDITIONS AND TROUBLES.
Sæpe monet, fraudesque operta tumescere bella."
As if fames were the relics of seditions past; but they are no less indeed the preludes of seditions to come. Howsoever he noteth it right, that seditious tumults and seditious fames differ no more but as brother and sister, masculine and feminine; especially if it come to that, that the best actions of a state, and the most plausible, which ought to give greatest contentment, are taken in ill sense, and traduced: for that shows the envy great, as Tacitus saith, "conflata, magna invidia, seu bene, seu male, gesta premunt." Neither doth it follow, that because these fames are a sign of troubles, that the suppressing of them with too much severity should be a remedy of troubles; for the despising of them many times checks them best, and the going about to stop them doth but make a wonder long lived. Also that kind of obedience, which Tacitus speaketh of, is to be held suspected: "Erant in officio, sed tamen qui mallent mandata imperantium interpretari, quam exequi;" disputing, excusing, cavilling upon mandates and directions, is a kind of shaking off the yoke, and assay of disobedience; especially if in those disputings they which are for the direction speak fearfully and tenderly, and those that are against it audaciously.
Also, as Machiavel noteth well, when princes, that ought to be common parents, make themselves as a party and lean to a side: it is, as a boat that is overthrown by uneven weight on the one side; as was well seen in the time of Henry the Third of France; for first himself entered league for the extirpation of the Protestants, and presently after the same league was turned upon himself: for when the authority of princes is made but an accessary to a cause, and that there be other bands that tie faster than the band of sovereignty, kings begin to be put almost out of possession.
Also, when discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of government is lost; for the motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be as the motions of the planets under "primum mobile," (according to the old opinion,) which is, that every of them is carried swiftly by the highest motion, and softly in their own motion; and, therefore, when great ones in their own particular motion move violently, and, as Tacitus expresseth it well, "liberius quam ut imperantium meminissent," it is a sign the orbs are out of frame: for reverence is that wherewith princes are girt from God, whothreateneth the dissolving thereof; "solvam cingula regum."
So when any of the four pillars of government are mainly shaken, or weakened, (which are religion, justice, counsel, and treasure,) men had need to pray for fair weather. But let us pass from this part of predictions, (concerning which, nevertheless, more light may be taken from that which followeth,) and let us speak first of the materials of seditions, then of the motives of them, and thirdly of the remedies.
Hinc concussa tides, et multis utile bellum."
This same "multus utile bellum," is an assured and infallible sign of a state disposed to seditions and troubles; and if this poverty and broken estate in the better sort be joined with a want and necessity in the mean people, the danger is imminent and great; for the rebellions of the belly are the worst. As for discontentments, they are in the politic body like humours in the natural, which are apt to gather a preternatural heat and to inflame; and let no prince measure the danger of them by this, whether they be just or unjust: for that were to imagine people to be too reasonable, who do often spurn at their own good; nor yet by this, whether the griefs whereupon they rise be in fact great or small; for they are the most dangerous discontentments where the fear is greater than the feeling: "Dolendi modus, timendi non item:" besides, in great oppressions, the same things that provoke the patience, do withal mate the courage: but in fears it is not so; neither let any prince, or state, be secure concerning discontentments because they have been often, or have been long, and yet no peril hath ensued; for as it is true that every vapour, or fume, doth not turn into a storm, so it is nevertheless true, that storms, though they blow over divers times, yet may fall at last; and as the Spanish proverb noteth well, "The cord breaketh at the last by the weakest pull."
The causes and motions of seditions are innovation in religion, taxes, alteration of laws and customs, breaking of privileges, general oppression, advancement of umvorthy persons, strangers, dearths, disbanded soldiers, factions grown desperate; and whatsoever in offending people joineth and knitteth them in a common cause.
For the remedies, there may be some general preservatives, whereof we will speak: as for the just cure it must answer to the particular disease; and so be left to counsel rather than rule. The first remedy, or prevention, is to remove, by all means possible, that material cause of sedition whereof we speak, which is, want and poverty in the estate; to which purpose serveth the opening and well-balancing of trade; the cherishing of manufactures; the banishing of idleness; the repressing of waste and excess, by sumptuary laws; the improvement and husbanding of the soil; the regulating of prices of things vendible; the moderating of taxes and tributes, and the like. Generally, it is to be foreseen that the population of a kingdom (especially if it be not mown down by wars) do not exceed the stock of the kingdom which should maintain them: neither is the population to be reckoned only by number; for a smaller number that spend more and earn less, do wear out an estate sooner than a greater number that live lower and gather more; therefore the multiplying of nobility, and other degrees of quality, in an overproportion to the common people, doth speedily bring a state to necessity; and so doth likewise an overgrown clergy, for they bring nothing to the stock; and, in like manner, when more are bred scholars than preferments can take off.
It is likewise to be remembered, that forasmuch as the increase of any estate must be upon the foreigner, (for whatsoever is somewhere gotten, is somewhere lost,) there be but three things which one nation selleth unto another; the commodity, as nature yieldeth it; the manufacture; and the victure, or carriage; so that if these three wheels go, wealth will flow as in a spring tide. And it cometh many times to pass, that "materiam superabit opus," that the work and carriage is more worth than the material, and enricheth a state more; as is notably seen in the Low Countrymen, who have the best mines above ground in the world.
Above all things, good policy is to be used, that the treasure and monies in a state be not gathered into few hands; for, otherwise, a stale may have a great stock, and yet starve: and money is like muck, not good except it be spread. This is done chiefly by suppressing, or, at the least, keeping a strait hand upon the devouring trades of usury, engrossing, great pasturages, and the like.
For removing discontentments, or at least the danger of them, there is in every state (as we know) two portions of subjects, the nobles and the commonality. When one of these is discontent, the danger is not great; for common people are of slow motion, if they be not excited by the greater sort; and the greater sort are of small strength, except the multitude be apt and ready to move of themselves: then is the danger, when the greater sort do but wait for the troubling of the waters amongst the meaner, that then they may declare themselves. The poets feign that the rest of the gods would have bound Jupiter, which he hearing of, by the counsel of Pallas, sent for Briareus, with his hundred hands, to come in to his aid: an emblem, no doubt, to show how safe it is for monarchs to make sure of the good will of common people.
To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontentments to evaporate (so it be without too great insolency or bravery) is a safe way: for he that turneth the humours back, and maketh the wound bleed inwards, eridangereth malign ulcers and pernicious imposthumations.
The part of Epimetheus might well become Prometheus, in the case of discontentments, for there is not a better provision against them. Epimetheus, when griefs and evils flew abroad, at last shut the lid, and kept hope in the bottom of the vessel. Certainly, the politic and artificial nourishing and entertaining of hopes, and carrying men from hopes to hopes, is one of the best antidotes against the poison of discontentments; and it is a certain sign of a wise government and proceeding, when it can hold men's hearts by hopes, when it cannot by satisfaction; and when it can handle things in such manner as no evil shall appear so peremptory but that it hath some outlet of hope: which is the less hard to do: because both particular persons and factions are apt enough to flatter themselves, or at least to brave that, they believe not.
Also the foresight and prevention, that there be no likely or fit head whereunto discontented persons may resort, and under whom they may join, is a known, but an excellent point of caution. I understand a fit head to be one that hath greatness and reputation, that hath confidence with the discontented party, and upon whom they turn their eyes, and that is thought discontented in his own particular: which kind of persons are either to be won and reconciled to the state, and that in a fast and true manner; or to be fronted with some other of the same party that may oppose them, and so divide the reputation. Generally the dividing and breaking of all factions and combinations that are adverse to the state, and setting them at distance, or, at least, distrust among themselves, is not one of the worst remedies: for it is a desperate case, if those that hold with the proceeding of the state be full of discord and faction, and those that are against it be entire and united.
I have noted, that some witty and sharp speeches, which have fallen from princes, have given fire to seditions. Cæsar did himself infinite hurt in that speech, "Sylla nescivit literas, non potuit dictare;" for it did utterly cut off that hope which men had entertained, that he would one time or other give over his dictatorship. Galba undid himself by that speech, "legi a se militem, non emi;" for it put the soldiers out of hope of the donative. Probus, likewise, by that speech, "si vixero non opus erit amplius Romano imperio militibus;" a speech of great despair for the soldiers, and many the like. Surely princes had need in tender matters and ticklish times, to beware what they say, especially in these short speeches, which fly abroad like darts, and are thought to be shot out of their secret intentions; for as for large discourses, they are flat things, and not so much noted.
Lastly, let princes, against all events, not be without some great person, one or rather more, of military valour, near unto them, for the repressing of seditions in their beginnings; for without that, there useth to be more trepidation in court upon the first breaking out of troubles, than were fit; and the state runneth the danger of that which Tacitus saith, "atque is habitus animorurn fuit, ut pessimum facinus auderent pauci, plures valient, omnes paterentur:" but let such military persons be assured, and well reputed of, rather than factious and popular; holding also good correspondence with the other great men in the state, or else the remedy is worse than the disease.
↑ See note H, at the end of the Essays.
This page was last edited on 12 June 2015, at 02:08.


The Best Value Giants Season Ticket Ever!
The upcoming 2013/14 Season will see the highest total of Belfast Giants Season Ticket Holders in the Elite League era!
The Belfast Giants Season Ticket is the BEST value ticket all season long as this year's season ticket will include ALL HOME GAMES at the Odyssey Arena regardless of how many we play in League, Challenge Cup, Pre-Season and the Playoffs. We are anticipating 30 home games with the possibility of even more to add to the value of the season ticket offer.
In addition, each month throughout the season, there will be a season ticket draw for 2 free tickets to a concert at the Odyssey Arena that month.
AND in partnership with W5, all season ticket holders will be given 25% off entry into W5 throughout the season. Terms & Conditions Apply.
Finally, the Odyssey Arena are working with Ticketmaster to set up their online season ticket management system that will allow you to manage your account online. Your season ticket seat will never go to waste because even if you cannot attend, you will be able to transfer your seat electronically through this system and allow a friend or colleague to print their own ticket and sit in your seat for that game.
The Odyssey and the Belfast Giants are committed to making a GIANT SEASON TICKET the best value available to Giants fans next season and we promise that the season ticket will be the lowest price available to any fan throughout the season. There will be no FREE TICKET promotions like the KIDS GO FREE promotion this season and there will not be heavily discounted prices through online discount companies that devalue the season ticket. We want our season ticket holders to know they are getting the best value for their commitment to us and in return we plan to give them plenty to cheer about throughout the season.
Flexi Ticket = a ticket that can be purchased in advance and exchanged for ANY Giants Home Game throughout the season.
If you are paying by cheque, please make the cheque payable to 'Odyssey Millennium Limited'.


to the bottom-of-the-pyramid market with custom-made products six years after management guru CK Prahalad said consumers with incomes less than $2 a day can be a profitable segment for marketers.
Estimated at close to 350 million, the bottom-of-pyramid (BOP) consumer segment is the biggest and perhaps the fastest growing in the country with about 40 million families making the jump from poverty to the BOP club every year. Marketers are no longer only betting on smaller packs of existing products to tap the fortune at the bottom of the pyramid; they are also looking to roll out products specially made for the poor.
GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare (GSKCH), foods company Nestle andbeverage maker Coca-Cola have already entered the market with products created for BOP consumers, while PepsiCo is set to follow suit. Others such as Hindustan Unilever, Marico, Godrej Consumer Products and Dabur too are learnt to be working on products for the BOP segment.
GlaxoSmithKline is rolling out Asha – a milk food drink from Horlicks for rural consumers – in Andhra Pradesh; Nestle is promoting Maggi noodles at Rs 4 and Maggi seasoning at Rs 2 for low-income group consumers beginning with Mumbai's Dharavi slum; Coca-Cola has begun selling a powder-based beverage called Vitingo at Rs 2.50 per sachet across villages in Orissa; and PepsiCo's global chairman & CEO Indra Nooyi has announced that the company is working on a beverage or snack priced between Re 1 and Rs 5 for people ailing from malnutrition and deficiencies.


Spring In The Air offers membership services that deliver the freshest, most vibrant roses on the days of your choosing. Whether it is a one time shipment looking to say congratulations, a monthly bunch to liven up the home or office, or an annual gift for birthdays or anniversaries, Spring In The Air can wow you or someone special with stunning arrangements of red roses, orange roses, lavender roses and more.
Simply sign up and pick out all of the dates you need flowers, or choose a one time delivery, and let us do the rest. Loved ones will be wowed bychampagne roses for Mother's Day, or a dozen red roses on Valentine's Day. You can also send them roses of any color, any time of the year, just for smiles!
The biggest blooms and the longest stems are available for all of the special days in the life of your loved ones. Taking our quick quiz will help us tailor the membership conditions precisely to your needs. Sign up for a membership and mark off holidays like Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, and Christmas and you can count on having gorgeous flowers delivered every year. Anniversaries, birthdays, and other dates of personal significance can all be easily marked off as well and celebrated every year with fresh roses.
Roses are delivered every week, month, or quarter, per your specifications.
You select the important holidays and dates, and we send the roses.
Surprise a loved one with a one-time or randomly recurring delivery of gorgeous flowers that are sure to bring a smile to their face.
Saying "I love you," Congratulations," "I'm sorry," or "Get well soon," with world-class roses has never been easier or more affordable. A breath-taking bunch of red roses from Spring In The Air is taken straight from the fields to your door, ensuring that you get only the freshest roses so your flowers last as long as possible. Being a member gives you access to top of the line roses at affordable prices all year long, and will leave you and all of those you hold dear feeling happy and loved.
Great Seller and personalized service, would highly recommend and will use again. Excellent value for money compared to other run of the mill vendors I have used before.
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Adding new dates for delivery of roses is simple, and members always have the ability to congratulate a graduate or new parents, to apologize, or to send well-wishes with top of the line roses. There will never be another important day that goes by when you are without a stunning floral gift.
At Spring In The Air we are confident in our products and we offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee on all flowers we ship. If something is not right with your flowers, call us within 48 hours of receipt of the package and we will be happy to assist you. Membership is easy to sign up for and can later be canceled at any time by calling a friendly representative at 1-877-417-9657.


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Life Time is taking extra precautions to help keep our communities safe and healthy. View our safety page or club updates page for up-to-date information on availability of amenities and programs.
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Now Open at Edina at Southdale
Premier Sports Facility
Life Time Sport is the premier destination for sports training and speed and agility training. We've merged elements of games and organized sports to provide the best benefits of both: flexibility, coaching, leadership and active fun.
Experience Southdale
Join us inside our beautiful, resort-style Life Time Southdale club and play year round on three indoor turf fields. Life Time members will have access to all of our other club services and amenities before, during and after games, including workout equipment, a game room, theater and more.
Wear comfortable clothes and shoes you can run and play in
Athletic shoes or cleats recommended (no metal cleats allowed)
Bring a water bottle to stay hydrated while you play
We'll supply the equipment you need for the training session
Supervision & Safety
All players must check in at the front desk
Kids can be dropped off and picked up at the front desk
Day Passes are available
Southdale Center
250 Southdale Center
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What is Life Time Sport?
Life Time Sport is soccer played pickup-style and just for fun. We've merged the best elements of pickup games and organized sports for a new concept. This isn't a league, and it's not a performance center. It's soccer in a whole new way.
Purchase either a drop-in day pass or monthly membership for Life Time Sport. Then, you may show up to play during our open hours of operation and check in at the front desk. We'll match you up with your friends and others at your ability level and get the games started. After about 10 minutes of play, we switch things up and start new games.
Will current Life Time memberships work at the new Life Time Sport?
Life Time Sport is a new product offering that will have a separate, devoted membership. Existing Life Time members will receive discounted pricing on Life Time Sport day passes and monthly memberships.
What is the agreement with Winter Park/Minnesota Vikings?
Life Time Sport will have more than 20 small-sided, indoor/outdoor soccer fields for pickup play at Winter Park, along with a lounge, an entertainment room with games and a playroom for small children. There will also be weight training and cardio equipment in separate rooms.
Do parents/guardians need to remain onsite while kids are playing?
Parents are not required to stay on site. Parents may check their kids in and out at the front desk and leave. They can also remain on site in the lounge or use the cardio & weight-training equipment in separate rooms.
How old do kids need to be in order to play at Life Time Sport?
Life Time Sport is for adults, teens and kids ages 5 and up.
Will there be opportunities for adult pickup at Life Time Sport?
We have more than 30+ hours of open play each week. It's convenient for adults to find a game that works on their schedules. Choose either a drop-in day pass or monthly membership option. We organize the teams for you, then turn up the music and just let you play.
What are the expansion plans for Life Time Sport?
Life Time Sport is currently at Winter Park. We are considering expansion to additional sports and new locations. Stay tuned!
The membership process only takes a few minutes and can be done at either our Winter Park location.
What is the coaches' process of determining skill level when separating the kids?
Coaches will use short skill tests to gauge a player's ability level and then place them on a field with players at a similar age and ability level. The coach on that field will continue to evaluate the players and may move players around to ensure they have the best possible experience.
How many fields will each coach be responsible for monitoring at any given time?
Each expert Life Time Sport coach will manage one field when children are playing. During high-level skill and adult games, coaches will manage multiple fields with minor supervision and no coaching unless players ask for help or questions.
Are the coaches responsible for "officiating" the matches or are they self-governed by the players?
For children and teenagers, our model is teaching soccer through play, not officiating and enforcing strict rules. We believe this helps teach important life skills, including leadership and communication. During all games, safety is our number one concern. Coaches will step in as needed to monitor, provide insights and strategy for the game as well as keep games flowing smoothly, including handling of fouls and any behavioral issues.
For adults, the coaches are there to organize teams and let participants just play.
What happens if there aren't enough people of similar skill available for a game?
Our pickup play model is focused on providing a fun experience for every age and ability level. If you arrive at a time when there aren't enough players or those at a similar ability level, our expert coaches will provide skill-based games, similar to a small-group lesson at no additional cost.


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Community-Centered Innovation
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Jane Bryson
Jane comes to Transcend with 15 years of experience in classrooms, school leadership, and rethinking school models to personalize learning.
She began her career as a teacher-in-residence at an innovative private middle school, and then broadened her experience teaching in a charter school serving low income students. In her school leadership roles, she acted as a lead teacher and ran both a service-learning and early college program.
Prior to working at Transcend, Jane spent four years building and leading the consulting team at Education Elements, a personalized learning consulting firm, where she had the pleasure of partnering with some of the earliest innovators around blended and personalized learning. Jane has also worked at NewSchools Venture Fund and the Federal Department of Education, on Race to the Top.
Jane has an Masters of Business Administration, Masters of Education and Bachelor's degree in History from Stanford University. Jane lives with her husband in the San Francisco Bay Area where she can be found chasing after her two young children, exploring the area's hiking trails, and finding new restaurants.
Working at Transcend presents you with an opportunity to work with kind, passionate, collaborative, and feedback-driven teammates to reimagine the future of schools. Our teammates partner with schools and leaders to redesign schools and accelerate innovation.
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The Innovative Models Exchange is a free, searchable, and shareable library that offers school communities resources to lift students up. Start your redesign journey today!