PRESIDENT Emmerson Mnangagwa's recent visit to ailing MDC-T leader, Morgan Tsvangirai, appears to have generated heated political debate and divided public opinion, over its motives.
We wonder why this should be so, given that besides their different political ideologies, Mnangagwa and Tsvangirai are related and both once served as former President Robert Mugabe's lieutenants during the inclusive government era.
While many could have rushed to conclude that Mnangagwa intended to make political capital out of the visit, we believe there is also need to look at it from another perspective.
Could it really be possible for a sitting President to visit his ailing opponent and do so in privacy hoping the details would not leak in this day of modern technology and citizen journalism?
One other thing that Mnangagwa's critics appear to have forgotten is that Mugabe also once visited Tsvangirai, while he was in hospital eight years ago following an horrific car accident that killed the opposition leader's first wife, Susan.
There was no outcry then about the visit, which was also widely covered by the media.
Although Tsvangirai's deputy, Nelson Chamisa, was accused of inviting Mnangagwa and the media in a bid to expose his principal's poor health, we are sure that if the MDC-T leader's family, and his party, wanted that visit to be private, they could have made that request and we are sure it would have been granted.
In fact, MDC-T activists were the first to break the news and disclose details of Mnangagwa's planned visit to Tsvangirai's residence, and we wonder why there has been such hullabaloo over the publicity given to the event.
In any case, it's already in the public domain that Tsvangirai is battling ill-health, so Mnangagwa's visit should not be perceived as a political coup, but a gesture of goodwill in the spirit of hunhu/Ubuntu.
What also could have been a bone of contention is if whatever was discussed was not made public.
The assurances given by Mnangagwa, particularly on the issues of Tsvangirai's pension and medical bills, could not be classified as portraying the President in a saintly light because the MDC-T leader was already demanding them.
The President, therefore, merely picked up from where Mugabe left.
At a national level, this probably indicates that the politics of hate and violence, which has characterised the country's body politic, particularly Zanu PF and the MDC-T, is coming to an end.
If ever we entertain any hope of healing our bruised nation, Mnangagwa's gesture to reach out to Tsvangirai should be used as a template to cultivate a new culture of tolerance and reconciliation regardless of our different political persuasions.
The same spirit should cascade down to the grassroots structures and help shed off hate speech and intolerance, especially now as the nation heads to crunch polls in the next few months.


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text:
var path = require('path');
var webpack = require('webpack');
var Clean = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin');
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
var CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');

const output = process.env.OUTPUT || '/dist';
const MATCH_ALL_NON_RELATIVE_IMPORTS = /^\w.*$/i;

var config = [{
  entry: {
    lib: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/GrammarMatcher.js'),
  },
  externals: [MATCH_ALL_NON_RELATIVE_IMPORTS],
  output: {
    path: path.join(__dirname, output),
    filename: 'GrammarMatcher.js',
    library: 'cn-grammar-matcher',
    libraryTarget: 'umd',
    umdNamedDefine: true
  },
  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        query: {
          presets: ['stage-3'],
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  node: {
    net: 'empty',
    fs: 'empty',
    tls: 'empty',
  },
  plugins: [
    new Clean(['dist']),
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      'process.env': {
        NLP_HOST: JSON.stringify(process.env.NLP_HOST),
      },
    }),
  ],
}, {
  entry: {
    demo: path.resolve(__dirname, 'demo/index.js'),
  },
  output: {
    path: path.join(__dirname, output),
    publicPath: '/',
    filename: 'js/[name].js',
  },
  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        query: {
          presets: ['stage-3', 'react'],
        },
      },
      {
        test: /\.scss$/,
        loader: ExtractTextPlugin.extract(
          'css-loader?sourceMap&modules&camelCase=dashes!sass-loader?sourceMap'
        ),
      },
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpg)$/,
        loader: 'url-loader?limit=5120',
      },
    ],
  },
  node: {
    net: 'empty',
    fs: 'empty',
    tls: 'empty',
  },
  externals: {
    react: 'React',
    'react-dom': 'ReactDOM',
  },
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      mods: path.resolve(__dirname, 'js', 'mods'),
      css: path.resolve(__dirname, 'css'),
      pics: path.resolve(__dirname, 'pics'),
    },
  },
  devtool: 'source-map',
  plugins: [
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      'process.env': {
        NLP_HOST: JSON.stringify(process.env.NLP_HOST),
      },
    }),
    new ExtractTextPlugin('css/[name].css'),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'index.html',
      template: 'demo/index.ejs',
      chunks: ['demo'],
    }),
    new CopyWebpackPlugin([{ from: path.resolve(__dirname, 'demo/assets') }]),
  ],
}];

module.exports = config;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ashley started working here in 2000 as a kennel assistant, quickly moving up to veterinary assistant. After graduating high school, she devoted her time to the veterinary world as an assistant and has excelled as both a surgery technician and radiology expert. She has attended several continuing education seminars to continue being proficient at her job. When she is not working, she enjoys her time horseback riding.


iStore utilizes a powerful set of standard tools and technologies within a proven framework to configure our web-based oil and gas products and solutions.
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text:
Process Improvement & Consulting
Operations & Logistics Consulting
Process Mapping & Optimization
Data Capture & Extraction
Data Migration & Consolidation
Contract Management & Procurement
Enterprise Content Management (ECM)
Mobile and Cloud – Some Things Are Better Together
There are some things that just go better together: me and television, 5 p.m. and a glass of wine, Christian Bale and Batman (sorry to you Michael Keaton fans out there).
But what about mobile and cloud? Sure, they're twin drivers for change in the enterprise content management (ECM) world, but there are still many points that need to be addressed when combining their capabilities.
Even though these two adoptions drive optimization, people are still worried about security issues that may surface from their collaboration. While mobility is leading the way for a more convenient future, cyber attacks still weigh heavy on the minds of those thinking about making the switch.
The Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM) recently published an "Information Management in 2016 and Beyond" white paper that takes an in-depth look at current and future adoptions of cloud and content applications. They found that 75 percent of the respondents think that security from cloud providers is actually better or the same (27 percent) as their own servers.
The cloud can be very versatile
It can be made in the form of thin hybrid models with collaboration-only content in the cloud, thick hybrids that retain small amounts of sensitive content on-prem, so-called private clouds which often are just virtualized on-prem servers, and genuine multi-tenanted cloud. When it comes to using cloud ECM, 44 percent of users have seen reduced costs compared to on-prem, and 18 percent report reduced staffing. ECM cloud users also see operational benefits, such as, a higher level of effective collaboration and more flexible/modern applications.
Mobility makes work life convenient
Mobile access to content on the move, remote workflows, and cloud-based collaboration are all splendors of mobility that organizations are taking full advantage of. Being able to access information anywhere from any device has become a luxury that people are not willing to give up. AIIM's whitepaper states that the two biggest benefits of having content accessible on mobile devices are staff mobility and speed of data availability.
So here's the question – Are mobile security fears creating a risk that late adopters will be left behind the competitive edge? When it comes to going mobile, the white paper states that 76 percent of the respondents agree that they need to embrace mobile applications or be left behind.
This statistic from the study says it all – 87 percent of individual respondents are positive about moving ECM/DM content to the cloud. So why not make the switch today? For more information about ECM benefits, check out our Ultimate Guide to ECM below!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Liacarus pseudocontiguus är en kvalsterart som beskrevs av K. Fujikawa 1991. Liacarus pseudocontiguus ingår i släktet Liacarus och familjen Liacaridae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Spindeldjur
pseudocontiguus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
from tkCommonDialog import Dialog

#
# constants

# icons
ERROR = "error"
INFO = "info"
QUESTION = "question"
WARNING = "warning"

# types
ABORTRETRYIGNORE = "abortretryignore"
OK = "ok"
OKCANCEL = "okcancel"
RETRYCANCEL = "retrycancel"
YESNO = "yesno"
YESNOCANCEL = "yesnocancel"

# replies
ABORT = "abort"
RETRY = "retry"
IGNORE = "ignore"
OK = "ok"
CANCEL = "cancel"
YES = "yes"
NO = "no"

#
# message dialog class

class Message(Dialog):
    "A message box"

    command  = "tk_messageBox"

#
# convenience stuff

def _show(title=None, message=None, icon=None, type=None, **options):
    if icon:    options["icon"] = icon
    if type:    options["type"] = type
    if title:   options["title"] = title
    if message: options["message"] = message
    res = Message(**options).show()
    # In some Tcl installations, Tcl converts yes/no into a boolean
    if isinstance(res, bool):
        if res: return YES
        return NO
    return res

def showinfo(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Show an info message"
    return _show(title, message, INFO, OK, **options)

def showwarning(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Show a warning message"
    return _show(title, message, WARNING, OK, **options)

def showerror(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Show an error message"
    return _show(title, message, ERROR, OK, **options)

def askquestion(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Ask a question"
    return _show(title, message, QUESTION, YESNO, **options)

def askokcancel(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Ask if operation should proceed; return true if the answer is ok"
    s = _show(title, message, QUESTION, OKCANCEL, **options)
    return s == OK

def askyesno(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Ask a question; return true if the answer is yes"
    s = _show(title, message, QUESTION, YESNO, **options)
    return s == YES

def askretrycancel(title=None, message=None, **options):
    "Ask if operation should be retried; return true if the answer is yes"
    s = _show(title, message, WARNING, RETRYCANCEL, **options)
    return s == RETRY

# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# test stuff

if __name__ == "__main__":

    print "info", showinfo("Spam", "Egg Information")
    print "warning", showwarning("Spam", "Egg Warning")
    print "error", showerror("Spam", "Egg Alert")
    print "question", askquestion("Spam", "Question?")
    print "proceed", askokcancel("Spam", "Proceed?")
    print "yes/no", askyesno("Spam", "Got it?")
    print "try again", askretrycancel("Spam", "Try again?")


text:
Henry Gustav Molaison (* 26. Februar 1926 in Manchester, Connecticut; † 2. Dezember 2008 in Windsor Locks, Connecticut), auch bekannt unter der Bezeichnung Patient HM (oder H.M.), war ein Mann mit einer besonderen Erinnerungsschädigung, die seit den späten 1950er Jahren und bis zu seinem Tod intensiv studiert wurde.

Die Erkenntnisse aus seiner Krankengeschichte spielten zum einen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Theorien, welche die Verbindung von Gehirnfunktion und Erinnerungsvermögen zu erklären versuchen, zum anderen beeinflussten sie die Entwicklung der kognitiven Neuropsychologie, eines Zweigs der Psychologie, welche zum Ziel hat, Gehirnstruktur und -funktion in Verbindung zu spezifischen psychischen Vorgängen zu setzen.

Krankengeschichte

Henry Molaison hatte als junger Mann unkontrollierbar heftige epileptische Anfälle, die oft – obwohl nicht belegbar – auf einen Fahrradunfall im Alter von neun Jahren zurückgeführt wurden. Über mehrere Jahre litt er an partiellen Anfällen und dann – vom 17. Lebensjahr an – mehrfach an tonisch-klonischen Anfällen.

1953 wurde Molaison zur Behandlung an William Scoville überwiesen, einen Chirurgen am Krankenhaus in Hartford, Connecticut. Scoville vermutete, dass Molaisons Epilepsie auf seinen rechten und linken medialen Temporallappen beruhe und schlug als Behandlung eine operative Resektion vor. Am 25. August 1953 entfernte Scoville Teile von Molaisons medialen Temporallappen auf beiden Seiten des Gehirns. Molaison verlor dabei etwa zwei Drittel seines Hippocampus, des Gyrus parahippocampalis und die Amygdala. Sein Hippocampus schien völlig ohne Funktion zu sein, weil die verbleibenden 2 cm dieses Gewebes atrophisch erschienen und der gesamte entorhinale Kortex zerstört war. Einige Bereiche seines anterioren Temporallappens waren ebenfalls zerstört. Die Operation erreichte zwar das Primärziel, Molaisons Epilepsie in den Griff zu bekommen, aber er litt danach an schwerer anterograder Amnesie: Obwohl sein Arbeitsgedächtnis sowie sein prozedurales Gedächtnis (das Know-how-Gedächtnis) funktionsfähig waren, konnte Molaison keine neuen Ereignisse mehr in seinem deklarativen Langzeitgedächtnis speichern. Nach Meinung einiger Wissenschaftler war er in seiner Fähigkeit beeinträchtigt, neues semantisches Wissen aufzunehmen, aber es wird noch diskutiert, wie weitreichend diese Beeinträchtigung wirklich war. Er litt auch an leichter retrograder Amnesie und konnte sich kaum noch an die Ereignisse erinnern, die drei bis vier Tage vor der Operation stattgefunden hatten; auch einige Ereignisse, die bis 1942 zurück reichten, hatte er vergessen, was bedeutete, dass seine Amnesie zeitlich abgestuft war. Im Gegensatz dazu war seine Fähigkeit, langzeitliche Erinnerungen an mechanische Abläufe (prozedurales Gedächtnis oder auch Know-how-Gedächtnis) zu bilden, intakt; so konnte er neue motorische Fähigkeiten (beispielsweise Golfspielen) erlernen, ohne dabei in der Lage zu sein, sich daran zu erinnern, es je gelernt zu haben.

Seit seinem 54. Lebensjahr lebte Molaison in einem Pflegeheim in Windsor Locks, wo er auch noch im Alter an weiteren Studien teilnahm. Zu Molaisons Freizeitbeschäftigungen im Alter gehörten Kreuzworträtsel, Bingo, Fernsehen und Unterhaltungen mit den Menschen, die für ihn sorgten. Er hinterließ keine Nachkommen.

Die erste Veröffentlichung seiner Krankengeschichte erfolgte 1957 durch Scoville und Brenda Milner, eine Neuropsychologin, welche als Mitarbeiterin Wilder Penfields an den klinischen Untersuchungen Molaisons maßgeblich beteiligt war. Da Molaison der Wissenschaft sein Gehirn für postume Untersuchungen gespendet hatte, konnten 2009 an der University of California, San Diego Tausende von Dünnschnitten angefertigt werden, um sie histologisch zu untersuchen und zu konservieren.

Bedeutung für die Wissenschaft
Das Studium des Patienten Molaison hat das Verständnis der Vorgänge der menschlichen Gedächtnisbildung sehr erweitert. Durch klare Testergebnisse konnten veraltete Theorien verworfen und neue konzipiert werden, insbesondere, was die Vorgänge der Gedächtnisbildung und die dafür erforderlichen neuronalen Strukturen betrifft.

Gedächtnisbildung
Henry Molaison war nicht nur sehr bedeutend durch seinen Beitrag in Versuchsreihen über Erinnerungsbildung und -erhaltung, sondern auch, weil durch die exakt dokumentierte Hirnresektion eine Zuordnung gemacht werden konnte, welche speziellen Bereiche des Gehirns mit welchen Prozessen der Gedächtnisbildung in Zusammenhang gebracht werden können. Besonders seine Fähigkeit, Aufgaben durchzuführen, die Zugriff auf das Kurzzeitgedächtnis und das Know-how-Gedächtnis erforderten – aber nicht auf das Langzeitgedächtnis – legen nahe, dass der Abruf von Erinnerungen aus diesen Systemen – zumindest teilweise – in verschiedenen Gehirnregionen geschieht. Ergänzend legte seine Fähigkeit, Langzeiterinnerungen zu bewahren, die lange vor seiner Operation gebildet wurden, wie auch die Tatsache, dass er nach seiner Operation nicht mehr in der Lage war, Langzeiterinnerungen zu bilden, nahe, dass die Bildung (encoding) und das Abrufen (retrieval) von Langzeiterinnerungen von verschiedenen Systemen gesteuert wird.

Gedächtnisverlust
Molaisons Normalzustand ist als schwere anterograde Amnesie sowie auch als zeitlich abgestufte retrograde Amnesie beschrieben worden. Molaison war nicht mehr in der Lage, neue Langzeiterinnerungen von Ereignissen oder Wortbegriffen anzulegen – er lebte praktisch in seiner eigenen Vergangenheit vor der Operation. Da Molaison vor der Operation keinerlei Erinnerungsverlust zeigte, kann die Resektion des medialen Temporallappen für seine Erinnerungsschädigung verantwortlich gemacht werden. Daher kann man annehmen, dass die medialen Temporallappen eine wichtige Rolle in der Bildung von semantischen und episodischen Langzeiterinnerungen spielen. Weitere Belege für diese Annahme ergaben sich aus dem Studium anderer Patienten mit Läsionen in den Strukturen ihrer medialen Temporallappen. Trotz der Symptome des Gedächtnisverlustes war Molaison in der Lage, Intelligenztests durchzuführen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass einige Funktionen der Erinnerung (z. B. Kurzzeitspeicherung, das Merken von Wörtern, Phonemen usw.) durch die Operation nicht beeinträchtigt wurden. Allerdings zeigt Molaison beim Verstehen und Formulieren von Sprache in Satzlänge dieselben Defizite wie in seiner Gedächtnisleistung. Molaison war in der Lage, sich an neue Informationen über kurze Zeiträume zu erinnern; dies wurde in einem Experiment zum Arbeitsgedächtnis festgestellt, bei dem er sich an kurz zuvor gezeigte Zahlen erinnern musste. Seine Leistung dabei lag im gleichen Bereich, wie die der Kontrollpersonen und liefert Hinweise darauf, dass das Kurzzeitgedächtnis nicht auf den medialen Temporalstrukturen beruht, und unterstützt darüber hinaus die generelle Unterschiedlichkeit zwischen Kurz- und Langzeitspeicherung. Molaisons weitgehend intakte Fähigkeit Wörter abzurufen belegt, dass das lexikalische Gedächtnis nicht von den medialen Temporalstrukturen abhängt.

Erlernen von motorischen Fähigkeiten
Zusätzlich zu seinem intakten Arbeitsgedächtnis und seinen intellektuellen Fähigkeiten zeigten Studien, dass er sich neue motorische Fähigkeiten aneignen konnte, also sein motorisches Lernen erhalten geblieben war. In einer Studie von Milner in den frühen 1960er Jahren lernte Molaison, eine Figur von ihrem Abbild in einem Spiegel zu zeichnen. Weitere Belege für intakte motorische Fähigkeiten ergab eine Studie von Suzanne Corkin (1937–2016). In dieser Studie wurde Molaison bezüglich drei verschiedener motorischer Lernaufgaben getestet, die er alle lösen konnte. Seine Fähigkeiten, gewisse Probleme zu lösen, wurden auch mit der Turm-von-Hanoi-Aufgabe getestet. Experimente zur Bahnung durch Wiederholung (repetition priming) belegten Molaisons Fähigkeit, bestimmte unbewusste Erinnerungen zu erwerben im Gegensatz zu seiner Unfähigkeit, neue konkrete semantische und episodische Erinnerungen anzulegen. Diese Resultate zeigen, dass das Know-how-Gedächtnis und die Bahnung durch Wiederholung auf anderen Neuralstrukturen beruhen als die Erinnerung an Erlebtes und Fakten. Langzeiterinnerungen werden demnach nicht einheitlich gebildet, sondern können in deklarative und nicht-deklarative Erinnerungen unterteilt werden.

Räumliches Gedächtnis
Nach Suzanne Corkin haben Studien mit Molaison auch Einsicht in die Art und Weise gegeben, wie neurale Strukturen für räumliche Erinnerungen und die Verarbeitung von räumlicher Information verantwortlich sind. Trotz seiner allgemeinen Unfähigkeit, neue episodische oder faktische Langzeiterinnerungen anzulegen, und auch trotz seiner schweren Behinderung in bestimmten Tests der räumlichen Erinnerung, war Molaison in der Lage, einen ziemlich detaillierten topographischen Plan seines Hauses zu zeichnen. Dies war ein besonderes Ergebnis, denn Molaison war in dieses Haus erst fünf Jahre nach seiner Operation eingezogen und man hatte nicht erwartet, dass er dazu fähig gewesen wäre. Corkin stellte die Hypothese auf, dass Molaison "aufgrund der täglichen Bewegung von Raum zu Raum in die Lage versetzt wurde, einen verständlichen Plan der räumlichen Ausdehnung seines Hauses zu zeichnen" (S. 156). Mit Bezug auf die zugrunde liegenden neuralen Strukturen argumentiert Corkin, dass Molaisons Fähigkeit, einen Hausplan zu zeichnen, zum Teil darauf beruhe, dass seine Strukturen zur Verarbeitung von räumlicher Information noch intakt seien (z. B. der hintere Teil seines Gyrus parahippocampalis). Zusätzlich zu seinem topografischen Gedächtnis zeigte Molaison eine gewisse Lernfähigkeit während einer Aufgabe, bei der er sich Bilder merken und sie dann wiedererkennen sollte, und auch bei einem bekannten Gesichtserkennungstest, bei dem er aber nur durch zusätzliche phonetische Hilfestellung Treffer erzielen konnte. Molaisons positives Abschneiden bei der Aufgabe, Bilder zu erkennen, könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass noch Teile seines ventralen, perirhinalen Kortex vorlagen. Zusätzlich argumentiert Corkin, dass Molaison anscheinend in der Lage war, rudimentäre Informationsfragmente von Personen des öffentlichen Lebens (z. B. das Abrufen von Namen prominenter Personen, wenn ihm kleine Hilfestellungen gegeben wurden) zu erfassen. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der bei Molaison noch vorhandenen extrahippokampalen Regionen im semantischen und kognitiven Gedächtnis und erhellen unser Verständnis der Verbindungen zwischen den verschiedenen Strukturen der medialen Temporallappen. Molaisons schwere Behinderung bezüglich gewisser räumlicher Aufgaben gibt Hinweise auf Verbindungen des Hippocampus mit dem räumlichen Gedächtnis.

Bildung von Erinnerungen
Ein weiterer Beitrag von Molaison zu unserem Verständnis des Erinnerns betrifft die neuralen Strukturen des Erinnerungsbildungsprozesses, welche für die Bildung von Langzeiterinnerungen erforderlich sind. Molaison zeigte eine zeitliche Abstufung seiner retrograden Amnesie, da er sich unbeeinträchtigt an frühe Kindheitserlebnisse erinnern konnte, während er aber Schwierigkeiten hatte, sich an Ereignisse zu erinnern, die in den Jahren kurz vor der Operation stattgefunden hatten. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Erinnerungen aus der Kindheit nicht auf den medialen Temporallappen beruhen, wohl aber die späteren Langzeiterinnerungen. Die Hypothese ist nun, dass die medialen Temporalstrukturen, die durch die Operation entfernt worden waren, für die Konsolidierung von Erinnerungen notwendig sind: "Es wird vermutet, dass Wechselwirkungen zwischen den medialen Temporallappen und verschiedenen seitlichen kortikalen Bereichen Erinnerungen außerhalb der medialen Temporallappen speichern und langsam direkte Verbindungen zwischen kortikaler Repräsentation und der Erfahrung formen".

Studien nach seinem Tod
Das Gehirn von Henry G. Molaison ist der Gegenstand einer bisher einzigartigen biologisch-anatomischen Studie, die von der Dana Foundation und der National Science Foundation finanziert wird. Das Projekt, unter dem Vorsitz von Jacopo Annese, dem Direktor von  The Brain Observatory an der UC San Diego, soll einen kompletten mikroskopischen Überblick des Gehirns liefern und die neurologischen Gegebenheiten von Molaisons Erinnerungsschädigung auf zellulärer Basis zugänglich machen.

Siehe auch
 Kognitionspsychologie
 Clive Wearing, dessen Amnesie nach einer Infektion auftrat.
 Phineas Gage, ein Eisenbahnarbeiter, der nach einer traumatischen Hirnverletzung eine Persönlichkeitsveränderung erfuhr.

Literatur
 Larry Ryan Squire: The legacy of patient H.M. for neuroscience, Neuron 61 (1) (2009), S. 6–9.
 Suzanne Corkin: Permanent Present Tense, Penguin (2013), 384 Seiten.
 Gehirn und Geist, Nr. 4/2014, Seite 11.
 Luke Dittrich: Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness and Family Secrets, Random House (2016). dt.: Der Patient H. M.: Eine wahre Geschichte von Erinnerung und Wahnsinn (übers. von  Pascale Mayer; Herbig 2018).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Welt Online, 18. Februar 2009 Der Mann, der ein Leben lang 27 Jahre alt blieb
 Der Mann, der nichts mehr wusste Tages-Anzeiger, abgerufen am 4. März 2010
 The Day His World Stood Still, Article on HM from Brain Connection
 H.M.'s Brain and the History of Memory, NPR Piece on HM
 H. M., an Unforgettable Amnesiac, Dies at 82, New York Times Nachruf (englisch)
 The Brain Observatory, H. M. Blog, Live stream of the microtome slicing H.M.'s brain

Gedächtnis
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1926
Gestorben 2008
Mann


It is an illustration of Doctor Who's insanely hectic schedule that the formulation of the Series 3 Dalek serial was under way, even before shooting had completed on Series 2.
Four months before BBC One was to broadcast the Daleks return in Army of Ghosts, Russell T Davies had already made the decision to set the next Dalek story in the past. He called upon writer Steven Moffat to pen an epic new two-parter set in America, as Davies believed that parts of Cardiff could effectively double as New York. He conceived an idea to set the adventure in the depression era and have Daleks underwater in the docks. Moffat proved unavailable due to his workload and Helen Raynor was commissioned instead in March 2006, before David Tennant's first full season had even been started.
Ian Bunting's design for the Daleks' laboratory.
When the Doctor Who Confidential team was found to be travelling to New York to conduct an interview with Raynor, a minimal crew was sent to shoot plate footage for the episode. 13th to 15th October saw work abroad completed before work commenced at Upper Boat with the shooting of the Daleks in studio.
NSD3s rear panel changes. Click for a larger view.
The plot of Raynor's story continued the events from Doomsday and therefore featured 'The Cult of Skaro' again. With no new Daleks required, the same four Dalek props were employed. MT1 as Sec, NSD2, NSD3 and the newer NSD4. Two of the props required recalling back from loan to Upper Boat Studios. NSD2 was returned from the BBC Wales Roadshow while NSD3 had a longer trip back from the Blackpool Exhibition where it had been on display.
The props remained largely as seen in their previous tale. Only one notable modification was made – and that was for the skirt of NSD3 to be altered so that it looked like the rear panels had been removed and replaced with plain metal. To achieve this look, the hemispheres were unbolted from the skirt and new surface material was stuck over the top. MT1 remained in its black livery and the Cult's ID tags also remained, although NSD4s tag had its centre line rubbed away. The tags, again, caused some continuity errors during the tale. For example, in episode two (Evolution of the Daleks), Dalek Jast is seen at both Hooverville and watching the events at Hooverville on the screen in the Dalek laboratory.
NSD2 is prepared for the opening shot. Click for a larger view.
With the plate shots in the can, main filming began with the Empire State Building sets in studio on 23rd October 2006, just seven months since the Dalek props were last required. The Daleks were first on set on the 24th and the reveal of the Dalek making its entrance from the lift (or elevator) was the first shot to completed. NSD2 was the prop used on this occasion.
NSD3's (right) rear hemispheres could still be seen. Click for a larger view.
Work in the sewer sets began on the 30th. With Sec only required in the laboratory scenes, NSD2 and NSD3 completed all the scenes here. NSD3 hadn't yet had its skirt conversion by this time and its rear hemispheres can be seen briefly, causing another continuity error.
For the scenes of the Daleks chasing through the sewers, NSD2 was mounted onto the camera trolley which was angled to look up at the prop. The camera was quickly pulled backwards giving the illusion the Dalek was moving very quickly.
CGI Sec. Click for a larger view.
With the major studio work at Upper Boat completed, the crew relocated to the old Nippon Electric Glass UK site at Triden Park for shooting of the scenes in the Daleks' laboratory. All four Dalek props were needed and so Barnaby Edwards, Nicholas Pegg, Anthony Spargo and David Hankinson all returned together at this point.
'Human Sec' as featured on the Radio Times cover. Click for a larger view.
As the title of episode two (Evolution of the Daleks) suggests, the Daleks were attempting to evolve and take on human traits so that they could survive. To achieve this, Dalek Sec would need to 'join' with a human by dragging him into his casing. The images of Sec opening and closing were achieved in CGI and therefore no specially made Dalek prop was required. For the full transformation, actor Eric Loren, wore a full head mask complete with animatronic eye and tentacles.
Peter McKinstry's syringe design and how it appeared on screen. Click for a larger view.
NSD3 had its rear panels adjusted at this time as the script explicitly referred to them during these scenes and the rear side of the prop would clearly be seen. A new attachment was also seen during Sec's evolving. To aid the process, a solution was required to be administered by another member of The Cult and so concept artist Peter McKinstry designed a syringe-like tube that was added to the arm of NSD4.
With the laboratory scenes completed, production then shifted to the park area behind Cardiff Castle on Saturday 11th November for the Hooverville scenes. Although the recorded scenes featured Daleks, no props were required at this time and the images of the Daleks attacking Hooverville were achieved by CGI and practical explosive effects. A close up of NSD3 'floating' was filmed later in the schedule.
The SFX Dalek ready for destruction. Click for a larger view.
Recording then moved to Parc & Dare Theatre where only two Daleks would be needed. Most of the work at the Theatre involved the staging of the song and dance routine that featured in episode one, however, part of the climax of episode two also utilised the stage for filming on 17th November. NSD2 and NSD3 and the chained Hybrid Sec confronted The Doctor with the Human-Dalek army. When the army turns on the Daleks, both are destroyed. Danny Hargreaves at Real SFX provided a complete SFX Dalek with pre cut-out sections to substitute for one of the Daleks. They also provided an SFX neck and dome that was mounted onto NSD3 for the second explosion. This was the final main work with the Dalek props.
NSD2 on stage in Cardiff with Ben Foster. Click for a larger view.
Just two days later, and by a quirky coincidence, NSD2 would be needed on a stage again. This time it was for the "Doctor Who – A Celebration" concert that was held at the Millennium Centre in Cardiff. The event was an extravaganza of music from the show and featured many of the props and monsters live on stage. David Tennant was MC for the night. NSD2 was operated by Barnaby Edwards and voiced by Nicholas Briggs who improvised throughout. The Dalek patrolled the stage during the section featuring the music of the Dalek episodes. The concert was transmitted on the BBC in December 2006.
Dalek TPE-C poses for photos. Click for a larger view.
Also at the venue was another Dalek for the public to have pictures taken with. This was one of the first props manufactured by 'This Planet Earth' for Experience Design who handled the Doctor Who exhibitions. They arranged to have some animatronics fitted that could be activated by the public using a large red button. Doctor Who Confidential shot behind the scenes footage of the event for a separate transmission and the 'TPE' Dalek – Dalek TPE-C (This Planet Earth – Celebration) can be seen being carried into the venue in sections.
NSD3 'floating'. Click for a larger view.
Main shooting for the Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks concluded on the 23rd November – Doctor Who's 43rd birthday. The team assembled at Cardiff Heliport where the Empire State Building's mast set had been constructed. The brief scenes of the Dalek hovering at Hooverville were also filmed at this time and utilised NSD3.
Following the wrap, the fake metal covers were removed from the panels of NSD3 and the hemispheres were re-instated, leaving a perfectly intact Dalek prop.
Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks were transmitted in April 2007 and had been recorded early in the season schedule. Therefore, 2007 was a quiet time for the Dalek props in studio. However, with the BBC cranking up promotion for the new series and the ongoing touring exhibitions, the props were kept busy out and about.
Series 3 was launched on 21st March with an extravagant event at the Mayfair Hotel in London. Along with the stars of the show, many famous celebrities also attended including Jonathan Ross, Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders. NSD2 was was on-hand, along with the TARDIS prop, for the stars to to be pictured with.
TPE supplied a Dalek Sec for the 'Up Close' exhibit. Click for a larger view.
The exhibit at the popular Spaceport on the Wirral (see Series 2) closed in January 2007 and was moved to the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester in March. Dalek NSDW was part of the collection that relocated. The exhibit also featured a Dalek that had been made with an open back so that the public could get in and pretend to be a Dalek – an idea that harked back to the 1980s when Dalek One-7 was cut up for the exhibition at MOMI.
Back in Cardiff, the 'Up Close' exhibits underwent some changes in early 2007. Dalek NSDB was resettled into a Doomsday set to reflect the most recent adventure last seen on screen. This Planet Earth were employed again to add a new Dalek to the exhibition. This time though it was the leader of 'The Cult', Dalek Sec – Dalek TPE-SEC (This Planet Earth – Sec).
A brand new semi-permanent display was opened at the popular holiday destination, Lands End, in April 2007. Not only would the display serve visiting holiday makers, it was also a good base for South West based fans who struggled to travel the long distances to the other exhibitions. The exhibition, as with the other current versions, was based around the New Series. The final exhibit was a specially designed Dalek area. It featured a Dalek that rose up from behind a wall firing a laser that was fitted into its gun. It was a very impressive and immersive display that children loved. The Dalek was a modified 'This Planet Earth' prop – Dalek TPE-LE (This Planet Earth -Lands End). Unfortunately, for a number of weeks during the run, the Daleks' eyestalk hung limply from the pivot before eventually being repaired.
Dalek TPE-C at Lands End. Click for a larger view.
The opening day of the exhibition featured Dalek TPE-C that had first been seen at the Celebration Concert in Cardiff. It was based at the entrance of the exhibition for visitors to pose with. It was also photographed at the famous 'Lands End' signpost and featured on postcards that could be purchased later in the run.
NSD3 briefly resides at BBC TVC. Picture – Jon Jacobs. Click for a larger view.
Since the concert, Dalek TPE-C had been based at BBC TV Centre where it was on display for visitors attending the studio tours. When it was required at Lands End, NSD3 briefly replaced it at TVC. It was a busy year for Dalek TPE-C. It also featured at 'West End Live' in Leicester Square in June then took a long trip to San Diego Comic Con in July where it was used to promote the 'Underground Toys' Doctor Who range. It was then back to the UK and to BBC Scotland then a short spell at the Blackpool Exhibition before ending up as part of a Christmas window display at the Hamley's toyshop in London.
NSD4 at the Kent Show. Picture – Mark Kerr. Click for a larger view.
NSD4 was also kept busy when it became part of a BBC stand that travelled around various country shows during the summer period. In July, it was at the Kent Show in Detling and then at the Bakewell Show in August.
Dalek TPE-TVC. Click for a larger view.
To replace TPE-C and NSD3 at the TV Centre studio tour, This Planet Earth also supplied another Dalek around this time. As with Dalek TPE-C, Experience Design arranged for its dome and arms to activated into motion by a separate red button and visitors to the centre were allowed to pose with the prop. We refer to this Dalek as TPE-TVC (or This Planet Earth – TV Centre).
With Christmas fast approaching, the team were starting to look at promotion for the annual special. This year's episode, Voyage of Damned, had secured the services of the incredibly popular actress turned singer – Kylie Minogue. She had risen to fame in the Australian soap Neighbours and had since carved out a singing career that had seen her gain fame all over the world.
The BBC 'promo' Dalek stars with Kylie Minogue. Click for a larger view.
With this being a rare return to acting, Doctor Who Magazine were keen to secure an exclusive interview with Minogue and set-up a special photoshoot in August to accompany the piece. The DWM team arranged with the BBC in Cardiff for a Dalek prop to be shipped to London for the shoot. With Minogue in a gold dress, a number of pictures were taken with the star draped over the Dalek, harking back to the pictures of Katy Manning with the gold Dalek in the 70s.
At first glance, it appeared as if the Dalek prop was one of the members of the Cult of Skaro. The ID badge seemed to prove as much. However, this Dalek had not been seen in Doctor Who before. The pattern of weathering was different to all existing TV Daleks and the ID badge was in pristine condition. The badge it copied could be seen partially worn away in the sections of Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks that were shot on location. The Dalek had actually been made for promotional use by various BBC departments. It was returned to Cardiff after the shoot but it wouldn't be the last time it was seen. The interview and pictures were published in the January 2009 edition of Doctor Who Magazine.
NSD3 at the HMV Store in Oxford Street, London. Click for a larger view.
With the transmission of Series 3 concluded, promotion began on the DVD releases. David Tennant and Freema Agyeman visited the HMV Store on Oxford Street in London in November. It wasn't the first time that Doctor Who featured at the store for promotional opportunities. Jon Pertwee had visited in 1989 with the Supreme Dalek from Remembrance of the Daleks – Dalek N2. Tom Baker attended a signing in 1992 and Sylvester McCoy visited in 1993, again with the 'Remembrance' Supreme Dalek. In 2007, Tennant was riding a particularly high wave of fame and crowds flocked to the famous music shop to see the star. NSD3 was also sent to the store and featured in lots of promotional pictures with Tennant and Agyeman. It was then sent on to the Blackpool Doctor Who exhibition.
Dalek TPE-SP at the second Spaceport Exhibit. Click for a larger view.
Buoyed by the success of the first exhibit, The Spaceport on the Wirral decided to house another, smaller, display of Doctor Who props from November. This Planet Earth were again called upon to supply a Dalek for the display. As with the previously supplied Daleks, Dalek TPE-C and Dalek TPE-TVC, this Dalek's arms and dome would move on a button push. We call this Dalek TPE-SP (or This Planet Earth – SpacePort). This Dalek had received some screen-time in April when it appeared on ITVs Paul O'Grady Show.
Dalek TPE-SEC2 at the National Space Centre, Leicester. Click for a larger view.
Another venue keen to have Doctor Who props on display again was the National Space Centre in Leicester. As with the second Spaceport display, Experience Design organised a smaller exhibit. This Planet Earth supplied another Dalek Sec for the display. This time, Experience Design arranged for a camera to be fitted into the neck and images of visitors were relayed to a nearby screen. The images had added graphics to look as if it were the Daleks point of view as was often seen in the TV show. This Dalek will be called TPE-SEC2 (or This Planet Earth – Sec2). This Planet Earth also had their own display promoting their range of commercially available Daleks and included a bronze 'New Series' Dalek.
Lacey Turner with the 'Specialist Models' Dalek. Click for a larger view.
In 1993, Doctor Who had a brush with Eastenders when a special 3D version of the show was made for Children in Need. That time, due to rights issues, a Dalek did not appear. The shows would converge again in 2008 when two of the characters of Eastenders, Bradley and Stacey, attended a Doctor Who convention near St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Appearing at the event was a bronze Dalek. This prop had been made by Specialist Models and had been retained by them since its manufacture. It mimicked the original MT1 Dalek from Dalek in that it featured the gold lower collar that had been removed since Parting of the Ways. As it was built for display purposes, a switch was added to the rear to activate the light in the eye. Taping took place at St. Paul's on the 3rd and 4th December (and shown in February 2008) and stars Lacey Turner and Charlie Clements posed for the press with the Dalek. As this Dalek has it lineage from the original mould of MT1, we refer to this Dalek as NSD-S (New Series Dalek – Specialist).


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The national visual arts contest ART HERE: Newad announces the 14 winners of its 2013 edition
Montreal, March 5th, 2014 — Newad announced today the names of the 14 winners of the 2013 edition of ART HERE, a national contest that rewards the best paintings, illustrations, and photographs. In late January 2014, a jury comprised of five creatives and content specialists from Newad came together to make their final selections from among 800 pieces submitted by 300 Canadian artists.
"We were especially excited by the quality, quantity, and creativity of the images we received this year," said Marie-Christine Fournier, Director of Marketing and Communications at Newad. Hosted by Newad, the mission of ART HERE is to encourage and promote artists by giving them an opportunity to publicly exhibit their work and see their talent shine nationwide.
The 14 winning works can now be seen on the website's gallery at www.arthere.ca. More importantly, they will be displayed across Newad's indoor advertising network over the next few weeks, a visibility that represents a considerable financial value.
ART HERE 2013 received submissions from all of the Canadian provinces. The winners are as follows: Jessica Baldanza, Cameron MacMaster, and Leslie Walters from Ontario; Scott Clark from Alberta; Ishrat Khan, and Caitlin Platt from British Columbia; Émilie Deshaies, Christophe De Muri, Marie-Claude Marquis, Mireille R. Champagne, Antoine C. Falardeau, Pierre-Paul Pariseau, Laura Regev, and Julien Tresor L.Kandolo from Quebec. The jury included Marie-Christine Fournier, Florian Pétigny, Catherine Normandeau, Roxane Trudel, and Malika Desrosiers.
New in 2014: Internet users will choose the winners
Launched in 2009, ART HERE will be celebrating its sixth anniversary in 2014. "Although it's challenging to make the final selections, the enthusiasm of our teams and the high level of participation of the artists have motivated us to repeat this philanthropic initiative in 2014," explained Marie-Christine Fournier, who is responsible for organizing the contest. Newad is using the next edition as an opportunity to introduce a new way of determining winners which will invite Internet users to vote for the best pieces from among a series of works that will have been preselected. ART HERE 2014 is officially open and artists are invited to submit their work through www.arthere.ca.
About Newad
Newad offers advertisers platforms reaching the Young & Affluent in Canada. The indoor advertising network counts 28,000 digital and static boards delivering 200 million impressions per month. The Experiential Marketing team activates over 300 promotional events per year. The Publishing department produces creative content and manages numerous Web properties such as NIGHTLIFE.CA, TPLmag.com, TPLmoms.com, 33Mag.com, Dose.ca, TonBarbier.com, Tonpetitlait.com, 10kilos.us and ArtIci.ca. The Newad OnLine network delivers each month more than 500 million page views. Newad's 350 employees and brand ambassadors work out of their offices in Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, and Moncton.
Marie-Christine Fournier
Director, Marketing & Communications
mcfournier@newad.com
Things are happening.
MAJOR EXPANSION FOR NEWAD IN THE MARITIMES AND INTEGRATION OF NEWFOUNDLAND MARKET
NEWAD LAUNCHES MOBILE DATA-POWERED AUDIENCES
SCORE EVEN BIGGER WITH NEWAD'S ARENA NETWORK
Newad and IDS Canada team up for Wellness Inventory
REALTOR® Joel Gwillim invests in a year-long indoor advertising campaign
National visual arts contest Art Here unveils the 16 winners of its 8th edition
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THE HARBOR OF LA ROCHELLE, FRANCE, faded into darkness as eighteen treasure-laden ships of the Knights Templar abandoned their port. As the ships carrying the knights slipped into the dark Atlantic waters, the army of the king of France prepared to mount a predawn assault against the Templars' Paris headquarters, the Temple. The soldiers expected to find the wealth of the Templars, the largest and richest institution in Europe outside of the Church. Instead, they would find only a handful of knights, whom they placed under arrest.
The fleet sailed past Île de Ré, an island that had long guarded the harbor's tranquillity. La Rochelle had been the first harbor of the Templars, and now it would be their last. Sailing under the skull and crossbones that flew over all Templar warships, the Templar knights aboard the fleet may have been expecting a short sojourn from their own homeland. King Philip IV had other plans, however, and that Friday, the thirteenth of October 1307, marked the demise of their order. The men aboard the ships were outlaws.
The Templar fleet sailed to the one land where neither the tentacles of the Church nor the armies of the French king could reach, Scotland. The leader of that country, Robert the Bruce, had defied England and crowned himself king of Scotland, earning for his efforts the wrath of the pope. Both king and country were excommunicated. In a world where excommunication was still a powerful tool in the hands of the Church, its use here branded Scotland a renegade nation. With the arrival of the remnant Templars, it gained a renegade army whose members, some say, played decisive roles in helping Scotland fight for independence.
The Templars were given refuge in Scotland under the guardianship of the Sinclair clan, an alliance that would have historic consequences. Like the Sinclairs, the Templar knights were Normans who traced their heritage back over five centuries to their ancestors, Norwegian Vikings, who had explored the world from Iceland to Russia and settled in northern France. The arrival of the Templars seems to have reawakened the Sinclairs' seafaring nature. Under Henry Sinclair, the clan mounted an exploratory voyage to the Americas in 1398, reviving a Viking tradition. They left evidence of their successful arrival on Oak Island and New Ross in Nova Scotia, in Westford and Fall River in Massachusetts, at Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, and in the harbor of Newport in Rhode Island. Their impact on the pre-Columbian population in North America spread far and wide.
Compelling evidence also exists that Henry Sinclair even founded a colony, an Arcadia, intended to serve as refuge to those whose beliefs did not conform to rigid Church or dominant state doctrines. The Sinclair fleet, once the Templar fleet, made several voyages to the still undiscovered New World, but deprivation and war eventually caused the demise of the colonists' enterprise. Some headed west; others married into the Native population.
The Scottish explorers also brought back evidence of their expeditions. In the Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland, home of the Sinclair family, is stonework that dates to fifty years before Columbus reached the Americas. Carved in stone are the images of American maize and aloe.
Even long after his death, Henry Sinclair exerted an influence on the search for and discovery of the New World. His daughter Elizabeth married John Drummond, scion of another of Scotland's wealthiest families. A son, also called John, became an adventurer like his grandfather Henry and soon wound up on the Portuguese islands of Madeira, which had recently been rediscovered by explorers flying the flag of the post-Templar order, the Knights of Christ. Unlike most of the rest of Europe, the Portuguese had allowed the Knights Templar to resurrect their order with only a name change. The grand master of the Knights of Christ was another Henry, called the Navigator. Their mission was to open the highways of the sea.
When John and Elizabeth Drummond arrived, the Madeira islands were governed by a handful of Italian families who had originated in the same city where Christopher Columbus was born and had joined the Knights of Christ. One such family was the Perestrellos. By 1450 the Perestrello family had intermarried with the Drummond-Sinclair family. In that year Felipa Perestrello was born. It may have been fate or it may have been Columbus's ambition that placed Felipa and him in the same Lisbon church to hear Mass one Sunday. They were soon married, and his new mother-in-law presented him with the maps and charts of her late husband's explorations. As a chart dealer and would-be explorer, Columbus could not have received a better wedding present. Columbus became privy to a body of knowledge unknown to any one person in the world.
The marriage of Christopher Columbus and Felipa Perestrello would create a convergence of knowledge of maritime discovery. The Drummond-Sinclair family, whose heirs married into the Perestrello line, had an unbroken knowledge of Viking exploration in the lands to the west. Sinclair ships carried bishops appointed to Greenland and Vinland even in the fourteenth century, and Henry's ventures in the New World had been privy information within the family. The Perestrello side held the maps and charts of the new Templars, the Knights of Christ, while Columbus brought a lifetime of study of geography and exploration.
Spurred by the charts and other explorers' tales of lands to the west, Columbus made the decision to sail across the Atlantic. He said he was looking for a sea route to the wealthy trading capitals of the East, yet he carried only trinkets and mirrors, not trade goods to impress mandarins and maharajahs.
Thirty-two years after the first voyage of Columbus, however, no such sea route had been discovered, nor the Templar refuge originally founded by Henry Sinclair. Yet Columbus did influence the history of the world by taking a Templar secret public. There was another world over the ocean. Fewer people knew that there was a settlement in that new world, one that had been there for almost a century.
During all this time, the Templar settlement had not been heard from. Like the colonies of Greenland two centuries before, it was nearly forgotten. Only the Church's desire to collect taxes impelled anyone to search for Greenland. The Templar colony would remain secret until the mission was given to another Italian, Giovanni da Verrazano.
Verrazano was a Florentine sea captain, merchant, and navigator nominally in the employ of the French king Francis I. He was also one of those who preserved secrets shared only by a small group of initiates whose goal had been to create a utopian community where church and state did not hinder the intellectual pursuit of man. The earthly paradise was called Arcadia, after the title of a book by Jacopo Sannazaro.
Arcadia and the concept of an underground stream of knowledge became a central theme in the sixteenth century. The pages of Sannazaro's work contained a description of a utopia where a beautiful land existed and where freedoms of expression, learning, and religion were allowed. His work was as much a treatise on science, alchemy, and astrology as it was a description of the new Eden. Such science was held in deep distrust by the Church and any claims to a world that differed from the Bible could send a scientist to the stake. Galileo would face the Inquisition for saying the earth moves around the sun.
Under the authority of the Church, knowledge was frozen. Sannazaro's Arcadia was a spark that ignited others to burn with desire for learning. Philip Sidney followed with his own version of Arcadia. Sir Francis Bacon too wrote on the New Atlantis, a colony over the ocean called Bensalem, where scientists and thinkers could learn and experiment without the threat of prison or death.
Verrazano brought Sannazaro's text to Francis I, along with the knowledge that the Arcadia existed, hoping to gain the king's support. He already had the necessary funds. His backers included the Guadagni family of Florence and Bonacorso Rucellai, who had connections to the same Italian banking families that sponsored Columbus. The group believed that Arcadia existed, that it was the colony of the remnant Templars brought to a new world by Henry Sinclair. Verrazano conveyed this to the king, saying that the Sannazaro book was on one level a pastoral tale of shepherds and chaste nymphs in the tradition of the poet Virgil; on another level, it was a real world discovered and settled a hundred years before.
The voyage of Verrazano was rather short as expeditions go. From France, he sailed to the Drummond-Sinclair home in Madeira. He left Madeira on January 17, 1524, for America and returned to Europe in July of the same year. Rather than spending months exploring the unmapped continent for a route to China (as he had officially proposed doing), he reached North Carolina's coast and headed north. He seems, in fact, to have made no attempt to explore for a route to China and brought no goods suitable for trade or gifts to Asian potentates. Hugging the coastline, he sailed instead past the Chesapeake Bay and on to what is now New York City and the narrow entrance to the harbor that preserves his name. From there he reached the harbor of Newport.
The pilot revealed another surprise, too, one that almost certainly pointed toward Arcadia. To reach Newport Harbor from the Atlantic Ocean, one must sail into Rhode Island Sound to the actual Rhode Island. (This island, named by Verrazano for another island, Rhodes in Greece, would later give its name to the small state that surrounds it.) Newport Harbor is found by heading north into what is called the East Passage, between Conanicut Island to the west and Rhode Island to the east. After Verrazano's pilot guided the ship around the southern tip of Rhode Island, they would have come in sight of Newport Harbor on the island's west side. It was here that the structure that stood watch over the harbor—Newport Tower—could be seen. Built to the exact measurements of a Templar baptistery, round or octagonal structures found throughout Europe, the Newport Tower conveyed the message that Sinclair and the Templars had been here. Verrazano stayed two weeks in Newport, his only stay of any length in America. He had found the evidence he needed, as the baptisteries that were built in Europe were the exclusive product of Templar and Cistercian architects since the Crusades. The tower that Verrazano described as a Norman villa on his map*1 very closely resembled round and octagonal Templar chapels in the Old World, specifically the Saint-Clare Chapel in France and the round Orphir Church in the Sinclair-owned Orkney Islands.
The round stone tower at Newport is between twenty-four and twenty-five feet in diameter on the outside and eighteen feet in diameter on the inside.³ Its total height is about twenty-five feet. The tower rises on eight rough-stone columns that are separated by arched entrances. Twelve feet above the ground the tower walls become entire and there are sockets in the masonry for beams, indicating the presence once of a floor that no longer survives. Originally, a second floor existed about seven feet above the first, and a roof that is long gone covered the entire structure. It is estimated that the amount of stone used to complete the structure totaled two hundred tons, 400,000 pounds of rocks gathered and put in place. The man-hours required for such an operation point to a tremendous, probably communal, effort.
On the first floor, twelve and a half feet above the ground, there remains a large recessed fireplace and two flues to vent the smoke on the outside. The fireplace may have served for cooking and heat, but also could have served as a beacon to signal other ships that would have been able to see the flame shining through the slit windows. Before houses were built in the area, the tower's position may have provided a lookout for miles around. Although there is evidence that a staircase connected the first floor to the second, there is none showing a stairway from the ground level. Perhaps a trapdoor served to allow entry or deny entry as needed, a feature employed sometimes in other lookout towers.
There is no other colonial structure that resembles the tower, at least none in North America. Nevertheless, some historians assert it was nothing but an odd windmill. It is true that it would later be called the Old Stone Mill; however, it is unlikely that anyone would have put a fireplace in a grain mill. Because it was mentioned in the December 24, 1677, will of Governor Benedict Arnold as my Stone-built Wind-Mill, some claim that Governor Arnold had it built. The proponents of the stance best summarized in the phrase no Europeans before Columbus refer to this fact as evidence of the tower's origin and purpose, although Arnold never claimed to play a role in the construction. Moreover, there actually was a windmill nearby, constructed as they generally are of wood. It was built by Governor Easton in 1663 and destroyed by a hurricane before the end of the century.
In Egypt the pyramids at Giza stand nearly five thousand years after they were built. They convey not only the overt message We were here but for those who can understand, they also convey secrets of ancient geometry and astronomy. Similarly, the Newport Tower was meant to tell on a very surface level that the Templars had been to Rhode Island: They built a message in stone that they had survived the purge of an avaricious king and a puppet pope. Like the pyramids, however, the tower has a hidden message, one that can be grasped only by those who can understand the science.
Verrazano was an initiate. His birthplace in Florence and adopted home in Lyon were hotbeds of esoteric thinking and, on occasion, heresy. His social connections were to families known to be adherents of more than one mysterious society and order, and who were versed in the secrets of Templar/Masonic geometry and the understanding of a sacred astronomy that had remained underground for centuries. Verrazano understood the Arcadia as the Refugio, the refuge, Sinclair had hoped for, and he indicated that on his map by naming the region thus. In fact, he knew he had found the colony the moment he was guided into Newport Harbor. Where, however, were the colonists? He sailed along the coastline of what would become Maine and then headed home. The chart of his voyage recorded the tower as a Norman Villa, and his report to the king contains no further discussion.
There is no evidence that Verrazano took his ostensible mission seriously. He did not sail into the Chesapeake Bay or even venture into the Hudson. He knew what he was looking for and it was not Asia. His secret mission was to link up with the New World colony of the remnant Templar organization. After his return, France and England would slowly attempt to explore the New World, yet secret societies in both countries would push to create the idyllic land of Sannazaro and the Baconian New Atlantis. Both would allow freedom of religion and of science long held captive by the Church.
Another secret society, the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement, would lead the way to create the new refuge. The company was one of several secret societies that would be organized around the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris. In time, the Sulpician order also gave rise to the Priory of Sion and the Society of Notre-Dame. Like the Templars, on the surface the Sulpicians were a pious Catholic order while underneath they had an agenda that was often opposite that of the mother church.
Their headquarters itself served as a monument to the sacred geometry, and even today a sun line, called the Rose Line, traces the path of the sun on a sacred day. The same knowledge of the heavens shared by megalithic builders from Scotland to Egypt was alive and well and available in the Church. The knowledge spread from Paris to the Holy Land to the windswept islands in the Baltic and North Seas. So did the power that emanated from Sulpice. It would influence events in Rennes-le-Château, in the European capitals, and eventually in the New World.
The Sulpicians wanted nothing less than to reestablish the Templar legacy in the New World. The apparently unlikely alliance of Catholic Sulpicians and Huguenots would work together first to search for the Templar colony and then to set up Montreal as an Arcadia in the New World.
At Saint-Sulpice in modern Montreal stands the last Templar round church. Upon entrance, there is, for the initiate, a message. It conveys that certain secrets are understood here. The Sulpicians had once held Canada, and their protectors were the Knights of Saint John, known in modern times as the Knights of Malta. They were no match for the Jesuits, however, and as two Catholic orders fought for Quebec, England took away the entire country. The Sulpicians remain, and their influence is strong in both France and North America. This is the story of the ancient wisdom they brought to the New World.
THE STORY OF ARCADIA and the underground stream appears almost mythical, yet conceals a reality that only a relative handful understood. The idyllic Arcadia on one level was an Eden, a peaceful, fairy-tale land. Yet to the few initiates, Arcadia was a real place. It was a colony in a world barely discovered, and was not subject to the overreaching rule of church and state.
The underground stream existed as a secret society devoted to passing along a secret body of knowledge, known to the ancients but invisible to most, as Europe slowly emerged from a dark age. Every society preserved such secrets through shamans, seers, and small groups of initiates. Though the temptation is always to look east to Egypt and the early Asian civilizations as the basis of science, the western isles, the highway of the Atlantic coast, perhaps had a higher science at a much earlier time. And the Vikings, known more for adventure and plunder, may have served as a conduit for such secrets.
Verrazano served in the role of the Grail knight—an initiate in search of the Holy Grail, the true Arcadia.
Centuries before the First Dynasty ruled in Egypt and the early cities of Mesopotamia sprung up in the land known as the Fertile Crescent, man was measuring time by the sun and moon. In the remote Orkney Islands, north of Scotland, and in the Boyne Valley of Ireland, practitioners of the science of astronomy unlocked knowledge of their universe. It is a complicated science, then and now, that measures solar and lunar cycles. The erection of standing stones and chambers, designed to assist the priest or scientist, were put in place by a workforce who most likely did not comprehend the importance of their labors. Myths were created both to serve the unlearned and to pass along secrets to the initiated. Long before Babylonian astronomers and Egyptian pyramid builders measured the heavens, these builders in the remote areas of Western Europe created their own tales of gods and goddesses that told a simple tale on the surface and preserved an encoded body of knowledge beneath. What would later be referred to as an underground stream of knowledge can be found in societies that preserved such secrets to modern times.
North of Scotland across the Pentland Firth are the Orkney Islands. Together, the Orkneys and the Shetlands, still farther north, number more than 150 islands and islets, the largest of which are populated by a hardy people who are used to rough seas and high winds that rage unobstructed across the Atlantic Ocean from Labrador. These turbulent seas pound the western side of the islands, and the combination of wind and water serves to create the world's wildest tidal rips. The firth is regarded as the third most dangerous body of water in the world. When the Merry Men of Mey, a lethal breakwater created by the colliding of two currents, rides through, woe to any sailor caught in the ride. Eerie metal towers rise out of the water to serve as refuge for a capsized sailor, whose death would otherwise be almost a certainty. The towers, however, might just serve to drag out the inevitable, death—not from drowning, but from exposure to the cold.
In good weather, the crossing between Scotland and the main Orkney isle is a regular occurrence with ferries leaving from remote ports like Scrabster and John o' Groat's. Between the two is Thurso, Thor's River, harkening back to the days when Christianity's reach did not extend this far north.
Orcadian folk are regarded as fiercely independent, a trait they must have in order to survive. The nineteen thousand residents are outnumbered by thirty thousand seals, fifty thousand pairs of puffins, and a quarter of a million guillemots, birds that make their homes in the crags of the sandstone cliffs.
A sturdy Viking heritage still shows itself when a passing cargo ship runs into trouble and is salvaged a bit too quickly. Goods end up in places like Stroma Island, where the sea has pounded holes into sandstone cliffs, and in some places, crafty navigators can enter hundred-foot-long caves from the sea and pull up on dry land at the other end. Such acts no longer require a dragon-prowed ship; a rubber Zodiac with a fast motor attached works just fine.
Incredibly, the islands have been inhabited since at least 4000 B.C., when a prehistoric people built stone houses and solar- and lunar-oriented megalithic monuments well before Egypt was united in the First Dynasty. Separating the monuments are stretches of rough sea, which means the sea was not a barrier to hinder communication; six thousand years ago it was a highway that expanded such communication. Visitors to Skara Brae, the ruins of a community that thrived perhaps five thousand years ago on the largest isle, register awe at this very early knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, as well as indoor sanitation and even hinged stone doors. These people were no hunter-gatherers. Each family had separate living quarters, yet was connected to the others in the village by stone passageways.
The Neolithic (or early Bronze Age) civilization of the Orkneys grew, expanded, and ultimately faded out thousands of years ago. When later residents came across the ruins of the earlier, they attributed the stone villages to pixies. Skara Brae itself would have remained unknown except for the weather. When the unchecked force of the Atlantic beats against the shore for days on end, even underwater rocks are lifted from the seabed. The roar of the surge is heard for miles. The winds build up to speeds that keep all indoors. It was just such a monstrous storm in the nineteenth century that peeled back the soil of Mainland to reveal Skara Brae, waking it from its millenia-long sleep under cover of earth.
Near Skara Brae are the Standing Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar. Brodgar is one of the most impressive stone circles in the world, in terms of both size and setting. The thirty-six stones, some as high as fifteen feet, sit between two pristine blue bodies of water. In terms of grandeur, it is not massive like the pyramids in Egypt or New Grange in Ireland. The serenity of the setting, however, speaks volumes and tells of a sacredness that existed well before recorded history.
It is unlikely that the handful of Skara Brae residents could have built the ring by themselves. The entire circle is on a plateau surrounded by a ditch cut out of rock. It required a massive amount of labor, as well as a now forgotten technology. As it is more than five thousand years old, the Skara Brae people did live nearby when the construction took place. Most likely, they were only one of many family-community settlements on the island, all of which provided labor for collective projects.
Within a very short distance are the Standing Stones of Stenness. This monument, despite the lonely beauty of its setting, takes a bit of imagination to impress, as it was mostly torn down by a farmer who regarded it as being in the way. Before that, however, it was very similar to the Callanish Standing Stones in the western isles of Scotland, which have not been damaged by modern man. Better preserved, these monoliths, some fifteen feet high, were dragged or carried to their position circa 3000 B.C.
What is remarkable about these monuments is that they are the oldest pieces of evidence we have that the ancients possessed complex understanding of the heavens—a sacred wisdom that would be preserved in one form or another throughout the ages. Significantly, Brodgar and Stenness have been referred to, respectively, as the Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon.
Close to Stenness is another ring temple, Maes Howe, built with massive sandstone slabs. At least one of these slabs weighs more than thirty tons. On the winter solstice the sun rises through the stones of Stenness to enter a doorway at Maes Howe. In the realm of the sun and the moon, symbolically, this was very significant because the sun was often considered to be the male principle; the earth was the female. The standing stones were placed precisely so that on certain days the shaft of the sun's light would pierce the womb of the monument's circular center. The sexual connotation was intended. And often the day of the sun's penetration was the winter solstice.
The winter solstice saw the shortest day of the year; in other words, it was the time of the dying sun. On December 21 or 22, the sun shines for the shortest amount of time during the solar year. Even more ominously from the point of view of Neolithic/Bronze Age people, it seems to freeze in a pattern of short appearances for the next three days. Then lo and behold, the days grow longer again. The sun travels farther in the sky. It is, in effect, born again on either December 24 or December 25. The significance of these dates in various myths is no coincidence and points to humankind's endless attempt to make sense of its world through story. The rebirth of the Invincible Sun that the Orcadians tracked is the same rebirth of Sol Invictus that the Romans told of—and is the same resurrection of the Son that Christians celebrate today. In all cases, myths convey the essential truths of our reality.
At least, they convey as much of the truth as the listener is able to comprehend. In other words, a myth is not a simple tale as much as it is a tale told simply. In the Gospel of Mark, Jesus says, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear (Mark 4:9). When asked to explain, he answers that not everyone will know the mystery of the Kingdom of God. That is the purpose of parables. Let those who understand, understand.
The birth of the sun at the winter solstice has been told in a mythical fashion wherever there was a priesthood that wanted to preserve such astronomical knowledge. In Egypt, for example, we find Isis and her consort, Osiris. Osiris is killed, but resurrected in his son, Horus, the hawk-headed sun god. This myth differs from the Christian resurrection primarily in that it is the Egyptian mother who effects the resurrection. Christianity simply took out the female principal and made the birth and resurrection two separate events.
We can only guess at the purpose of the massive projects of the ancients. It is true that they served as both a calendar of days and a guide to the changing seasons. Simpler methods, such as sticks in the ground and sundials, would have served the same purpose without years of construction. The more complicated features of the more imposing structures, however, allowed the initiate to predict events such as eclipses. To the ancients, such knowledge was power. The ability to predict the future held the ancients in awe then and continues to fascinate those millions today who require their horoscope before starting out for work. The priestess, shaman, medicine man, and magus were the initiates, and they understood well the effect predictive ability could have on the masses.
But parlor tricks do not require pyramids—or megalithic temples. The monuments of the ancients held more than the power of prediction that could be exploited by religious functionaries: They held scientific knowledge. Sir Isaac Newton was among the first to understand just how complex the Great Pyramid actually is. Sacred stone structures were built to exact standards to carry scientific knowledge through the ages. Long after Maes Howe and the Great Pyramid were built, that knowledge was still alive, evidence that it had been preserved, at least for an initiate.


text:
Q: Can the use of Beautiful Soup with Scrapy increase the performance I am doing crawling everything in scrapy.
I have seen that many people are using beautiful Soup for parsing.
I just wanted to know that is there any advantage in terms of speed , efficiency or more slectrors etc which help me in creating spiders and crawlers or scrapy alone should be enough for me

A: The performance of using BeautifulSoup instead of the Scrapy builtin parser-selector mechanishm depends on a number of things: for example, it allows for different parsers to be used; lxml being the fastest of them. There are some other things that can be done to improve BeautifulSoup performance, as well. Overall, you may reach similar performance but in general, using BeautifulSoup will not deliver speed advantages.
However, BeautifulSoup does provide some advantageous alternative extraction APIs and selector mechanisms that Scrapy does not offer.
In particular, the CSS selectors are something you may find very convenient.

A: well the answer is you should try to parse couple of pages with HtmlSelector then Using beautiful Soup. and find some stats.
2ndly most of people use beautiful Soup even lxml for parsing because they already used to for using this.
Scrapy basic motive is Crawling if you are not comfortable with Xpath you can go with beautiful Soup , lxml (although lxml package also support xpath) even Only Regex for Parsing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
#ifndef _VIDEO_H
#define _VIDEO_H

#include "Medium.h"

/**
 * @brief A Video from a Video file.
 * @author Marie
 */
class Video: public Medium {

public:
    Video(QString path, QList<QPair<int, Annotation*>> annotations);
};

#endif //_VIDEO_H


text:
The World of Gord
Beer of the Week - Nov 22 - Deuchars IPA
Beer, Ale,
4.4% Alcohol/Vol.
Sugar Content : 3
Made in: Scotland, United Kingdom
By: Caledonian Brewing Co. Ltd.
LCBO Tasting Note
Medium amber colour, lacy mousse; aromas of toasted grains, dried herbs, classic IPA nose; dry, crisp, yet creamy, and herbal; long, refreshing and bitter finish.
This week I picked up an IPA from Scotland made by Caledonian Brewing called Deuchars IPA, located in Edinburgh.
How do you pronounce their name? From their website they explain ... "If you're from outside Scotland, the pronunciation of Deuchars IPA may not come naturally, naturally. So to help you out, the advertising slogan 'You're due a Deuchars' has been developed."
The brewery was built in 1869. At that time, there were over 40 breweries in Edinburgh. In 1919, the brewery changed hands becoming Vaux Breweries. The brewery decided it wanted to move to Sunderland but a management takeover resulted in the brewery remaining open to brew cask conditioned beers. So the brewery remained in the same old Victorian building (pictured right), using the last direct fired copper coppers in the UK (pictured down to the right) and is the last brewery of the 40 remaining in Edinburgh.
"There's nothing quite like watching the only direct-fired open coppers at work. The Victorian design still effective today as the hand beaten inner dome concentrates the heat and develops a constant churn and roll."
Deuchars IPA is shipped to Sweden, Denmark, France, Canada, the USA and Hong Kong and has won quite a few awards since 2000, the last being Silver in the 2007 Society of Independent Brewers Association (SIBA), National Beer Competition in the Champion Bitters category.
An IPA is a hoppier ale, made to survive the long trek when being shipped from England to India. The extra hops are added as a natural preservative for the ale, and allows the taste to survive the long voyage. Scotland, in my mind anyways, is not know for hoppy beers so this should be interesting!
So now to give it a try ...
The ale pours a deep amber or light coppery colour. A head does form but disappears with no lacings left on the side of the glass.
I was surprised when I sipped it as it started sweet and then finished with a slight bitterness. It is a pleasant quaffable beer that would go down well on a hot afternoon. It is not one that I would go out of my way to have but if I was at a pub that served it up, I would certainly order a pint.
Posted by Swordsman at 15:01
Labels: Beer of the week, Scotland
Saving Tiberius from Bookland Press is now available for purchase from Indigo and Amazon
Now available at Amazon and Indigo
Contact me at gordonkjonesauthor@yahoo.ca
Gord and his wife, Teena, live in Toronto with their two cats, Crumpet and Muffin. Defending the Inland Shores: Newfoundland in the War of 1812 was his first published work. Saving Tiberius is his first fictional novel.
A former sabre fencer, he now enjoys his time away from writing playing pickleball. He is a professional member of the Canadian Authors Association, and the Crime Writers of Canada, plus a Social Media Volunteer for Annex Cat Rescue (https://annexcatrescue.ca).
He thanks Teena for bringing cats into his life.
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