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Article Library > Add Rapid Acquisition and High Accuracy to Tracking Applications Using Cost-Effective GNSS Modules
Add Rapid Acquisition and High Accuracy to Tracking Applications Using Cost-Effective GNSS Modules
Contributed By Digi-Key's North American Editors
Applications using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for tracking are now able to use several global positioning satellite constellations such as the U.S.'s GPS, Russia's GLONASS, Europe's Galileo, or China's BeiDou. The use of multiple systems ensures better coverage, faster acquisition and improved positional accuracy, but it adds to device cost and increases development time.
With the growth in GPS applications such as asset tracking, chip vendors worked to address these cost and development time issues, leading to the development of low-cost modular GNSS solutions. These first generation modules made adding GPS more cost-effective and straightforward for designers with limited experience to get started. However, some compromises in functionality were inevitable. They remained overly complex to implement, and evaluation kits were rare.
A new generation of GNSS modules has now emerged that addresses the weaknesses of earlier modules with minimal cost penalty. These devices have improved acquisition speed and precision, and have higher levels of integration to reduce design complexity and reduce solution size. They also come with evaluation platforms that make it much easier for the developer to build, test, and configure a prototype.
This article describes the key enhancements of this second generation of devices and shows how to use a modern GNSS module evaluation board to prototype a design.
The evolution of GNSS modules
Designing a GNSS system from scratch is a complex business. Such difficulties have encouraged the emergence of inexpensive modular solutions costing under $50 per unit with reasonable performance, compact dimensions, and low power consumption.
However, in an effort to keep prices low and accelerate commercialization there were some downsides with the first generation of modular GNSS solutions, including:
Low radio sensitivity: Poor sensitivity extends the time it takes for the receiver to pick up the (minimum of) three satellites required to fix its position. Early modules' low radio sensitivity resulted in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) of at least a minute and often much longer. Even warm starts, whereby the receiver had not been moved since it was last used and still had previous positional information in the onboard memory, could take more than 30 seconds.
Restricted memory allocation: Low memory capacity limited the storage of ephemeris data (information about the satellite constellation's current and future orbital position). If the GNSS module lost the satellite signal for an extended period, the stored ephemeris information became outdated, and re-acquisition could take several minutes.
Lack of location accuracy: Positional accuracy is determined primarily by the time synchronization with the satellite clocks. An error in synchronization of 1 nanosecond causes a positional error of 30 centimeters. Timing inaccuracies in early modules limited precision to ±15 meters.
Lack of assisted and augmented GNSS: Early GNSS modules were unable to take advantage of systems that aid location accuracy by referencing the GNSS signal to signals from base stations of known location.
Minimal integration: Critical components such as flash memory, crystals, and power management were not included in first generation modules, complicating the design and increasing solution size.
Lack of evaluation kits: Engineers were forced to build their own hardware prototypes before being able to test out proposed designs.
Firmware: Early modules were supplied with little or no provision for firmware reconfiguration or upgrade leading to rapid software obsolescence for units in the field.
A new generation of GNSS modules addressing these drawbacks is now entering the market. Engineers can select from several high-performance, integrated modules and try out concepts using the manufacturers' associated evaluation kits before committing to a particular component.
For example, Maxim Integrated's MAX2771ETI+ GNSS receiver offers a high degree of integration in a package measuring 5 x 5 millimeters (mm). Specifically, the device integrates a complete receiver chain including a dual input, low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, filter, programmable gain amplifier (PGA), multi-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), fractional-N frequency synthesizer, and a crystal oscillator.
Notably, the device eliminates external intermediate frequency (IF) filters by implementing on-chip monolithic devices. The result is a module that requires just a few external components to form a complete, low-cost GNSS RF receiver solution (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Maxim's MAX2771ETI+ integrates the key elements of a complete, low-cost GNSS RF receiver, limiting the number of external components required. (Image source: Maxim Integrated)
Assisted GNSS and augmented positional precision
This second generation of GNSS modules also offers faster satellite acquisition and improved positional accuracy. Part of the improvement in acquiring the satellite position is due to increased memory to store more ephemeris information to more quickly reacquire a satellite after a long loss-of-signal period. However, even with a large flash memory, accurate ephemeris data is valid for only four hours for GPS and 30 minutes for GLONASS.
Further improvement has come from the use of "assisted GNSS", a technique whereby the module obtains ephemeris information from external sources over another wired or wireless connection, rather than directly from the satellites.
Module supplier u-blox, for example, offers a service whereby ephemeris data can be accessed via an Internet-connected host microprocessor and fed to the module at start-up. An offline version of the service is also available whereby up to 35 days of orbit data is downloaded and stored in the host processor and/or GNSS module flash memory. Further, u-blox offers its "AssistNow" technology which uses historical data to predict the orbital position of satellites up to six days ahead.
Techniques such as assisted GNSS improve cold start TTFF from around 60 s for first generation GNSS modules to 27 s (for GPS and GLONASS constellations) in the case of newer modules such as u-blox's EVA-M8M-0 GNSS module. The solution offers a cold start sensitivity of -148 dBm which helps speed up TTFF in the absence of assisted GNSS.
Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBASs) are also used to notably improve the positional accuracy of cost-effective GNSS modules. These systems supplement GNSS data with additional regional or wide area GNSS augmentation data from technologies such as wide area differential GPS (WADGPS). WADGPS uses information from fixed base stations of known location or geostationary satellites that remain in a fixed position relative to the Earth's surface. Such information allows the GNSS module to correct for timing and positional errors to improve location accuracy. The EVA-M8M-0 GNSS module, for example, can use SBAS to offer a location accuracy of ±2.5 m (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Second generation GNSS modules employ SBAS techniques to improve location accuracy. SBAS uses geostationary satellites and fixed base stations to compensate for GNSS timing errors caused by solar activity and ionosphere influences. (Image source: u-blox)
The EVA-M8M-0 is a highly integrated design, requiring just the addition of an external GNSS antenna for most applications. Notably, the module includes an internal microprocessor. The module also includes internal RAM and ROM, in addition to a serial quad interface (SQI) to connect to external flash memory for additional data storage if required. There is also provision to connect an external crystal to further improve timing accuracy.
Communication with the GNSS module for configuration is either via the long established National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) protocol, or u-blox's proprietary UBX protocol. The configuration can be changed during normal operation by sending any "UBX-CFG-XXX" message to the receiver over an I/O port. The configuration can be made permanent by sending a "UBX-CFG-CFG" message with an appropriate "saveMask" ("UBX-CFG-CFG/save").
Designing with second gen GNSS modules
Designing with GNSS modules requires adherence to established RF design guidelines. Antenna choice, pc board layout, crystal selection, and tuning circuit design will have a significant effect on radio sensitivity and performance factors such as TTFF and positional accuracy.
Also, while some GNSS modules do feature an embedded microprocessor, a separate external controller is often needed for configuration and application control. Most GNSS modules communicate with an external microprocessor via a serial GPIO, I2C port or UART. (See Digi-Key article, "Design Location Tracking Systems Quickly Using GNSS Modules.")
Because the hardware requirements for any RF application are finicky, it is useful to test out a shortlisted module's performance without having to construct a hardware prototype. Second generation modules are now accompanied by evaluation kits that allow the designer to do just that.
STMicroelectronics, for example, offers its Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module evaluation board. The board is a standalone evaluation platform for the Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module. The module is a fully integrated device which includes a GNSS core based on an embedded ARM® microprocessor, crystal and real-time clock (RTC), power management, UART and I2C connectivity, and 16 megabits (Mbits) of flash memory. This is all integrated into a package measuring 9.7 by 10.1 mm (Figure 3.) The on-board flash memory allows for up to seven days of assisted GNSS, firmware reconfiguration, and firmware upgrades.
Figure 3: STMicroelectronics' Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module is highly integrated. Notably, the module incorporates an Arm microprocessor and 16 Mbits of flash memory. (Image source: STMicroelectronics)
The Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module offers 32 second cold start TTFN, -147 dBm cold start sensitivity, and SBAS to increase location precision to within ±1.5 m.
Configuring the Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module eval board is accomplished by connecting to the board's "UART" input. This is actually a USB-style connector to allow for easy connection to a PC, but the evaluation board includes an internal USB to UART bridge from FTDI to allow the PC to communicate directly with the module. The GNSS module's UART then appears on the PC's application software as a standard COM port, though the actual data transfer between the PC and GNSS module is achieved via the USB interface (Figure 4).
Figure 4: For configuration, the STMicroelectronics evaluation board is connected to a PC running application software via a USB connector. The USB signal is converted to the UART signal used by the GNSS module via a bridge from FTDI. (Image source: STMicroelectronics)
The configuration microprocessor typically uses the NMEA protocol to communicate with the GNSS module. The protocol defines three types of inputs/outputs: commands, write messages, and read messages. The module outputs a response for each input/output. Commands are used to change the operating state of the module, write messages change the module's configuration, and read messages provide the current configuration.
Inputs are sent from the host microprocessor to the GNSS receiver on the UART or I2C RX line, and outputs are sent from the receiver on the TX line. By default, output messages are sent at the rate of one per second. The protocol allows for both standard and proprietary inputs/outputs (Figure 5).
Figure 5: Communication between the GNSS receiver and the host microprocessor is via UART or I2C channels and uses the NMEA protocol. (Image source: STMicroelectronics)
The message structure of the NEMA protocol is straightforward, for example:
"command-ID,[parameter1,parameter2,...,parameterN]<cr><lf>" for commands;
"message-ID,<data1,data2,...,dataN>*<checksum><cr><lf>" for messages.
Many module makers opt for proprietary schemes for commands and messages. For example, NMEA commands from STMicroelectronics take the form of "$PSTM…" to indicate the instructions are in the company's proprietary ("P") format.
To configure the Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module evaluation board, install STMicroelectronics' Teseo Suite Light, a PC-based application program. Following the program's intuitive interface, it is straightforward to add the device to the configuration list and activate port connections.
For example, once the UART port is active, the device will begin to operate and it's possible to observe the NMEA view panel to check the messages and commands being sent from/to the GNSS module.
Once a command is executed, the GNSS module replies with a predefined message and the command is sent back to the host as a final confirmation of execution. For example, to test the effect of STMicroelectronics' ST-AGNSS technology, control the receiver using the NMEA commands shown in Table 1.
$PSTMSTAGPSONOFF Turns ON/OFF the STAGPS™ engine
$PSTMSTAGPSINVALIDATE Clears data stroed in the STAGPS internal database
$PSTMGETAGPSSTATUS Returns the status of the STAGPS internal processing
$PSTMSTAGPSSETCONSTMASK Switches among the ST-AGNSS constellation
Table 1: STMicroelectronics proprietary commands to control assisted GNSS technology on the Teseo-LIV3F GNSS module. (Table source: STMicroelectronics)
ST-AGNSS is an assisted GNSS which provides ephemeris data to the GNSS receiver in much less time than it takes to obtain actual data from satellites on TTFF.
Modular GNSS technology has extended location tracking technology to a much wider range of applications. Now, improvements in integration, hardware, firmware, assisted GNSS, and augmented positioning see second generation devices extended to applications where fast fix times and enhanced positional accuracy are critical. The new modules inherit the size, cost, and power consumption benefits of their predecessors, but are supported by evaluation boards and PC-based application software to greatly simplify the design process.
Disclaimer: The opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints expressed by the various authors and/or forum participants on this website do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints of Digi-Key Electronics or official policies of Digi-Key Electronics.
New Product Discoveries Extra STMicroelectronics GNSS Module
MAX2771 Multi-Band Universal GNSS Receiver Maxim's MAX2771 universal GNSS receiver with multi-constellation/multi-band support and superior RF performance enables the highest position accuracy.
STM32 F4 MCUs STM32F4 are high performance, ARM Cortex M4 based MCUs have 7 lines of digital signal controllers and also feature real-time control capabilities.
STM32 F1 MCUs STMicro's STM32F1 MCUs are able to be used in a variety of applications in the industrial, medical, and consumer markets.
About this publisher
Digi-Key's North American Editors


MISR with it's multiple angled views of the Tinder fire, makes it uniquely capable of tracking the plume height and direction of one of the first fires of the 2018 season in the United States. The fire started on April 27th, 2018 from an abandoned campsite and quickly spread through, Cococino National Forest in, eastern Arizona. This MISR data is from April 30th, 2018, showing the plume height and direction. The plume reached nearly 4 kilometers high near the source of the fire. Typically the higher a plume reaches, the further the impact extends. Scientists are using data like this to better understand how fires impact air quality beyond the source area.


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Ender's Game
Check out the official track list of the soundtrack of Ender's Game, the upcoming science-fiction movie directed by Gavin Hood (who helmed X-Men Origins: Wolverine ) and starring Asa Butterfield, Harrison Ford, Ben Kingsley and Hailee Steinfeld:
Ender's Game Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Music composed by Steve Jablonsky.
1. Ender's War
2. Stay Down
3. Battle School
4. Move It Launchies
5. The Battle Room
6. Mind Game Part 1
7. Salamander Battle
9. Dragon Army
10. Dragons Win
11. Bonzo
12. Ender Quits
13. Mazer Rackham
14. Enemy Planet
15. Command School
16. Graduation Day
17. Final Test
18. Game Over
19. The Way We Win Matters
20. Ender's Promise
21. Commander
"In the near future, a hostile alien race called the Formics have attacked Earth. If not for the legendary heroics of International Fleet Commander Mazer Rackham, all would have been lost. In preparation for the next attack, the highly esteemed Colonel Hyrum Graff and the International Military are training only the best young minds to find the future Mazer. Ender Wiggin, a shy but strategically brilliant boy, is recruited to join the elite."
The movie soundtrack of Ender's Game will be released on October 22, 2013 by Varese Sarabande.
23 September 2013 tags: Ender's Game
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No outbreaks of coronavirus strain found in UK recorded in Russia, expert says
No outbreaks of the coronavirus strain found in the United Kingdom have been recorded in Russia so far, only one such case has been identified, Deputy Director of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing's Central Research Institute of Epidemiology Alexander Gorelov said, TASS reports.
"Only one case of the new coronavirus strain has been detected in Russia so far. The patient was timely identified and isolated, and has already recovered. No outbreaks have been recorded," he pointed out.
According to Gorelov, the virus strain discovered in the UK is more contagious than others.
Head of Russia's Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing Anna Popova said earlier that the first case of the new coronavirus strain had been detected in the country.
British researchers discovered the new strain in mid-December. Many countries, including Russia, suspended flights to and from the United Kingdom in a bid to stop the new virus strain from spreading. On January 12, Russia extended the flight suspension until February 1.
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Every Texan Welcomes Six New Board Members
Center for Public Policy Priorities
Every Texan News
Every Texan is pleased to announce the appointment of six new members to its board of directors. Anderson Bynam, Molly Cox, Marvalette Hunter, Rick Levy, Laura V. Rodríguez, and Marcela Salazar will serve a two-year term effective January 1, 2022.
"The past year brought great growth to Every Texan as we expanded our team throughout Texas, and I am honored to welcome this group of accomplished leaders who share our mission and reflect the diversity of our state," said Every Texan CEO Marisa Bono. "As a social justice organization committed to advocating for Texans of all backgrounds, we are excited to continue building out our statewide presence with this remarkable new class of board members."
Anderson Bynam is a managing director in the Public Finance Group at Mesirow Financial. Andy heads Mesirow's Houston office, and he focuses on servicing the firm's clients in Texas and other states across the South and the Mid-Atlantic. With 32 years of municipal finance experience, Andy holds FINRA Series 52, 53, 63, and 79 licenses and is a member of the State Bar of Texas. During his career, he has served as lead banker on numerous senior-managed financings for Texas and national issuers. Andy began his public finance career in 1989 as a bond lawyer with the Public Law Section at Fulbright and Jaworski in Houston. He moved to the banking side of public finance in 1992 when he joined Grigsby Brandford & Co. Andy currently serves on the boards for the Greater Houston Area Red Cross, Texas Water Trade, and Jazz Houston, Inc. Andy earned a B.A. from Princeton University and a J.D. from Northwestern University School of Law.
Molly Cox returned to consulting in March of 2021 after a decade with SA2020, a nonprofit that drives progress toward a shared community vision in San Antonio, Texas. She led the organization in nationally- and internationally-recognized work coordinating the alignment of multi-sector organizations toward research-based shared goals prioritized by the community. As a consultant, Molly helps clients reimagine everything—strategies, programs, policies, resource allocations—to better serve people. She also serves as a Knowledge Curator for the Equitable Evaluation Initiative. Molly has a B.A. in theatre and a master's in political science. She is a Certified Nonprofit Professional and a graduate of the UT Austin LBJ Women's Campaign School.
Marvalette Hunter is chief of staff for the Honorable Sylvester Turner, Mayor of the City of Houston, Texas. As Turner's chief administrator and policy advisor, Marvalette plans, manages, and directs the administrative, programmatic, and budgetary operations of the Mayor's Office and ensures strategic alignment within each of the city's 23 departments. Marvalette has more than 25 years' experience in public policy, city and regional planning, real estate development, and finance. She has extensive knowledge of federal, state, and local programs to support housing, economic development, transportation, and public infrastructure. Her prior public sector experience includes positions as chief operating officer for the Harris County Housing Authority and project manager for the Houston Housing and Community Development Department and Houston Planning Department. Marvalette holds a Master of Regional Planning from Cornell University and a B.A. from Florida A&M University. Marvalette is the first Black woman to hold the position of Mayor's Chief of Staff, and in 2018, she was named among the Top 30 Most Influential Women in Houston.
Rick Levy is the president of the Texas AFL-CIO, a position he was elected to in 2017. Previously, he held the position of secretary-treasurer from 2015-2017. Rick began working for the State Federation in 1990, first as legal director and subsequently as general counsel. In that capacity, Rick has represented the State Federation in a broad variety of matters, including numerous legislative and political campaigns to protect and advance the rights of workers in Texas. As Texas AFL-CIO's president, Rick is focused on helping to build a broader, bolder, and more inclusive labor movement, emphasizing and elevating the principle of solidarity to be at the core of the effort. Rick has been a member of TSEU/CWA 6186 since 1986 and is also a member of Ironworkers Local 482.
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Concept Paper Education Essay
Lenore Staats May 2, 2021 5 min read
The faculty magazine editors promised 60 % of one problem of their magazine to finance the supplement. The first Moonshooter Report was 32 pages lengthy and titled American Higher Education, 1958.
Box Tops for Education Struggles After Switch to an App – The Atlantic
Common Public Well Being Assets
William & Mary Renames Three Buildings, Historical Past Division That Honored Accomplice Supporters
Box Tops for Education Struggles After Switch to an App.
Posted: Wed, 07 Apr 2021 07:00:00 GMT [source]
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Scooters & Mopeds »
Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India Private Limited
Honda Motorcycle and Scooters India
labour issues
Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
All-India Trade Union Congress
2WheelerSpecial2016
Honda 2Wheeler face labour unrest at Rajasthan plant
A section of dismissed permanent workers have gone for an indefinite hunger strike over issues related to formation of a union, that has seen termination of over 102 permanent and around 2,000 casual workers.Pankaj Doval | TNN | September 23, 2016, 08:02 IST
NEW DELHI: Honda's two wheeler operations in Tapukara, Rajasthan is facing a fresh labour trouble. A section of dismissed permanent workers have gone for an indefinite hunger strike over issues related to formation of a union, that has seen termination of over 102 permanent and around 2,000 casual workers.
While production at the plant continues, the issue is becoming serious as the workers, who are protesting at Jantar Mantar here, have received backing from the labour union at the Manesar factory, which is Honda's first plant in the country.
Labour problems are not new for the company , registered locally as Honda Motorcycle and Scooters India (HMSI). The company had seen a labour dispute at its Manesar plant in 2005, which snowballed into a massive national issue after workers were brutally beaten up in a lathi-charge by the Haryana Police.
In late 2009 too, there were disputes and production outages at the same premises when workers fought over wage revision settlement.
The latest flashpoint is Tapukara, a factory that started production in 2011 and churns out 4,400 scooters and bikes on a daily basis. The plant employs 500 permanent and around 2000 casual workers. Central trade union re presentatives said the trouble started after workers tried to form a union at the plant around middle of last year.
They accused the HMSI management of "scuttling efforts to form the union" by "prompting" a section of workers to challenge the move in a civil court, which stayed the process. "In the intervening period, the company facilitated the installation of a `pocket union' and also dismissed 102 permanent workers, while shunting out 2,000 casuals," said D L Sachdev, National Secretary of All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC).
"There has been a collusion between the HMSI management and the Rajasthan labour department. They have received support from the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS), which is affiliated to the BJP that runs the state government," he alleged.
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Naresh Mehta, one of the five Tapukara workers who are on hunger strike, claimed workers were being "harassed and victimised" by the company in the absence of a labour union. "Thus we had moved in to form the labour union, which is our right." Sources in the company , however, said there is "no question at all" of taking back any of the terminated worker or engaging in any negotiation.
"And the company had never objected to the formation of a labour union, as has been alleged," a senior official said, requesting anonymity.
Tags : Two Wheelers, Scooters & Mopeds, Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India Private Limited, Honda Motorcycle and Scooters India, labour issues, Hunger strike, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, All-India Trade Union Congress, 2WheelerSpecial2016


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Delft – The Weaver of Light
Anne Gardom and Vermeer at the National Gallery
It is easy to think of Vermeer in isolation from the artistic world around him. His paintings are so well known and well loved, so endlessly reproduced and hung in houses all over the world that he is often seen in something of an artistic vacuum. It is good to be reminded of the historical and artistic context in which he was painting.
The latest exhibition at the National Gallery is valuable in what it tells us of the world in which he lived, and the other painters working in Delft at the time. Delft was a centre of fine portrait painting in the early seventeenth century. The prosperous court and people of the Hague and of Delft itself patronized painters who brought an astonishing degree of realism to their portraits. The often rather plain and serious sitters, surrounded by their apparently placid and docile progeny, are dressed in exquisite brocades, lace, gauze, ribbons and jewellery, and gaze out at us with the comfortable assurance of those who know their place in the world. There are some delightful portraits in the early part of the exhibition – valuable patrons and important commissions for the painters of Delft. These are the paintings that the young Vermeer would have seen as he grew up, the son of a prosperous weaver who also practised as an art dealer.
Much admired too were the elaborate and stylized flower paintings where artists could also show their minute observation and technical skill in complex compositions of flowers, fruit and insects. The eye luxuriates among the lusciously painted tulips, peonies, carnations, lilies, roses, irises, to name but a few, the lizards, butterflies, bugs, exquisite sea shells, and even a mouse! It is a riotous and also tightly controlled celebration of life and beauty. Alongside these paintings is hung Hans Steenwyck's An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life. Here the same exquisite and meticulous technique is used to depict something quite different – a shaft of light illuminates a skull, an expiring lamp, silenced musical instruments and books that are closed for ever – Vanitas vanitarum, omnia vanitas.
After 1650 painting in Delft and the Netherlands began to move in a new direction. At the death of Willem II, aristocratic and court patronage began to decline, and there was an increased emphasis on the importance of commerce and trade. The artistic world began to move towards more naturalistic and domestic subjects, reflecting the changing times. We begin to see the delightful domestic interiors and intimate landscapes which are typical of the art of the Netherlands in the second half of the seventeenth century. Vermeer painted his wonderful View of Delft about 1660. It is a sparkling picture – the still, grey water in the foreground with its dark luminous reflections, the buildings also in shadow, and the sun shining through threatening clouds brilliantly catching the background roofs and walls in a burst of yellow and red. The figures of two women stand at the water's edge quietly talking, giving a human weight and interest to the whole scene.
Foundation of faith
Vermeer was only one of a number of painters painting landscapes and domestic and church interiors in a way which has become closely associated with the Netherlands and Delft in particular. The landscapes, some of them fantastic, with their attractive peasants and docile animals have a great charm. The church interiors are wonderful exercises in perspective and scale. The not very large paintings take on a truly monumental quality because of the masterly handling of light and distance. The pictures are full of long perspectives, arcades of heavy arches painted in greys and creams and lit with shafts of brilliant light. The solemnity of these huge interiors is enlivened by active little figures – a gravedigger pulling up a floor, lively and unpredictable children and skinny dogs, quiet passers-by. These magnificent small paintings aptly capture the solid foundation of faith which was so important and fundamental a part of the contemporary scene.
Pauper's Death
Vermeer was regarded as one of the finest of the Delft school of painters from a very early age. It is strange that so little is known about his artistic background. We do not know when he decided to become an artist, where and how he trained, and whether or not he travelled. He never had a studio with students or apprentices, and he painted an extremely small number of pictures – only thirty-five Vermeers are known to exist. He was known to have a wealthy patron, van Ruijven, who bought about half his paintings. The invasion of Holland by France in 1672 brought immense economic hardship, and he died in 1675 much in debt, and leaving his wife with ten children!
His pictures have been admired, treasured, copied, analyzed and reproduced ever since he painted them. The pictures of his mature period have a quality of painting and an intensity of perception that is almost mesmerising. You walk into a gallery and it is always the Vermeer that draws you. Volumes have been written in analysis and description and will continue to be written, but the pictures speak for themselves. The mystery of his technique is a study in itself – the actual way he paints the gleaming pearls, the tints and glazes he employs, the mysterious quality that his women have, enveloped as they seem to be in the world of their own thoughts and reflections. In the painting The Milkmaid, her absorption and care in what she is doing, the splatter of light on the bread on the table, the shading of the cool grey wall behind her all contribute to the picture's moral and visual authority. Nothing is left to chance, and each element of the painting enhances and inter-reacts with the others. The Girl in the Red Hat caught in a quick glance of recognition, or is it surprise? The Woman with the Balance weighing precious metals in the warm light filtered through a yellow curtain. Pearls and jewels gleam in the light and the woman herself, gentle and reflective, is silhouetted against the painting of the Last Judgement. Is it a painting of a lovely woman absorbed in a congenial task, or is it a reflection on the transience of worldly things, or both, or something else altogether?
This exhibition has much to tell us about Vermeer's contemporaries and the historical and artistic background to his paintings. His paintings remain, as ever they were, brilliant, beautiful and enigmatic.
Anne Gardom is the Art Critic for New Directions. The exhibition runs until 15 September.
Return to Trushare Opening Page


text:
BABYMETAL Wants To Teach METALLICA Their Dance Moves
1 september 2015 10 maart 2020
Japanese teenage girl pop metal band BABYMETAL spoke to NME backstage at this past weekend's Reading and Leeds festivals. You can now watch the chat below.
Asked which band at the event they would like to teach their dance moves and why, BABYMETAL's Moametal said: "I would like to teach METALLICA our dance moves, just because we've learned so much from them about metal."
Regarding what they learned from METALLICA, BABYMETAL's Su-metal said: "First of all, we learned about metal, but also by watching METALLICA performances, we have learned how to interact with the fans. We have learned all of that from just watching METALLICA."
BABYMETAL has announced its return to the U.K. next year. The group will headline London SSE Arena Wembley on April 2, 2016.
Tickets go on sale at 10 a.m. on Wednesday, September 2.
BABYMETAL has signed with RAL/Sony Music Entertainment for the U.S. release of the band's 2014 critically acclaimed self-titled debut album. The CD features two bonus tracks and was made available digitally on May 12 and physically on June 16.
"Babymetal" was released via earMUSIC in Germany, Sweden, Finland and Spain on May 29, in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Holland, Poland, Switzerland, Norway and Denmark on June 1, and in Italy on June 2
The European release was made available as the standard edition as well as a deluxe edition that includes a bonus DVD compiling six music videos from BABYMETAL.
Vorige artikel TESTAMENT's CHUCK BILLY Reveals 'Dream Tour' Lineup (Video)
Volgende artikel FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH's JEREMY SPENCER Recalls Opening For PANTERA When He Was 17 Years Old


Every employer knows that employees want health insurance and a retirement plan, but employee assistance programs are also very important, even if you've never heard of them. What are employee assistance programs (EAPs)?
Basically, an employee assistance program helps employees solve non-work problems. They can provide assistance with finances, legal issues, and even marriage problems. Depending on the EAP, employees can receive referrals to counselors or discounted services or even a limited number of free appointments with a counselor, attorney or another person who can help the employee through a difficult situation. EAPs should be confidential and only provide general information to the company—not details on who called for what. If the EAP cannot provide that level of confidentiality, find a new provider.
How Can an EAP Help Your Business?
You may think that personal problems are personal and work problems are work and never the twain shall meet. However, real life doesn't work that way. If you have an employee going through an acrimonious divorce, a lawsuit from a crazy homeowner's association or raising a teenager who struggles with depression, the impact on your business can be noticeable.
Employees who have difficulties outside of work will often have difficulties at work as well. Getting them the help that they need can increase productivity in the office.
How Do You Make an EAP Effective?
First, employees need to know it exists. If it was just a line in their orientation packet, when they need help they won't know that the company can help. Post contact information in the break room, make the information easily accessible on your company intranet and talk about benefits available in a lunch and learn.
Once people know it exists, they need a chance to use it. This means you also need to be flexible. If the EAP refers the employee to a therapist or an attorney, but you don't allow your employees to take a couple of hours off during the week, there won't be any benefit. Remember, your goal is to help your employees through their problems so that they can be better focused on work.
Of course, they can. But when are they going to do that? During business hours, when they should be working for you. It can also come at an extreme cost to the employee, which can increase their stress at work. An EAP vets people and can make ready recommendations, meaning your employees spend less time trying to find a financial advisor and more time working. That's a win for everyone. And while the appointments and help they receive through the EAP may be during business hours, they are effective hours. That is, instead of spending hours trying to find a financial planner and then taking time off to meet with the planner, your employees only need a quick phone call to get a referral and then the appointment, strongly reducing the impact on your business.
They shouldn't be. EAPs generally run somewhere between $12 and $40 per employee per year. If a job candidate tried to negotiate a $25 annual increase, you'd think they were crazy to care about such a small sum. While every dollar counts when you're running a small business, this one is almost painless and provides employees who need it with a great service. Make sure you let your employees know it's available and when someone struggles, remind them of the contact information.
When you're setting up your benefits, make sure you include employee assistance programs in your benefits package. It's an inexpensive benefit that can be a literal lifesaver for an employee with a problem, and that benefits your business as well.


Let me be your servant.
We are travelers on the road.
The pastoral care of our lives together at CHS is grounded in the compassionate example of our Lord Jesus Christ. We are here to serve each other in Christ's name. While our very lives are blessings, and the occasions for gratitude are many, we are also open and honest enough to recognize that life is also challenge and crisis. None of us gets out of this alive, after all. Crisis occurs as part of the simple pattern of living. And so we gather for each other whenever challenges arise. You are never alone, whether that is in disease and physical trouble, or in crisis that occurs in job, family, or relationship.
Our pastoral care is not only to gather around for support, but also to grow and mature in wisdom. A proverb says: The wise learn from the mistakes of others; the average person learns from their own, but the fool never learns. So you will find on our website opportunities for learning from others about life changes and challenges. We offer a variety of wisdom - everything from vocational assessment to parenting workshops from time to time during any given year.
Individual counsel and spiritual direction is offered by appointment. Contact the office or the clergy directly.
A final note: community life in Christ is hard work. You will find that those who claim Holy Spirit as their spiritual home are kind, loving, generous, forgiving, warm and welcoming spirits. The judgmental and mean-spirited tend not to find an audience here and don't last long in this church which is grounded in the example of a humble and infinitely loving savior. If you need to be right a lot of the time, be prepared to change.


text:
Q: How to marshall Map> using JAXB I am facing an issue in my code.
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@Entity
@NamedQueries({
    @NamedQuery(name = Parameter.FIND_ALL, query = "SELECT pm FROM Parameter pm")
})
public class Parameter implements Serializable {

    public static final String FIND_ALL = "Parameter.findAll";

    @XmlTransient
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;
    @XmlAttribute
    private String type;

    private String name;

    // Setters and Getters
}

@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class ParameterMap {
    private Map<String, List<Parameter>> parameterMap = new HashMap<String, List<Parameter>>();

    @XmlElement
    public Map<String, List<Parameter>> getParameterMap() {
        return parameterMap;
    }

    public void setParmeterMap(Map<String, List<Parameter>> parameterMap) {
        this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
    }
}

@Path("/parameter")
public class ParameterRESTResource {

    @Inject
    private ParameterService paramService;

    @GET
    @Path("/")
    @Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML })
    public List<Parameter> getAllParameters() throws JAXBException {

        ParameterMap parameterMap = formatParameters(paramService.getAllParameters());

        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(ParameterMap.class);
        Marshaller jaxbMarshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();

        jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);

        jaxbMarshaller.marshal(parameterMap, System.out);
        jaxbMarshaller.marshal(parameterMap, new File("c:/temp/employees.xml"));

        return paramService.getAllParameters();
    }

    public ParameterMap formatParameters(List<Parameter> parameters) {
        HashMap<String, List<Parameter>> parameterMap = new HashMap<String, List<Parameter>>();
        ParameterMap paramMap = new ParameterMap();
        Parameter param = null;

        List<Parameter> list = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < parameters.size(); i++) {
            param = new Parameter();

            param = parameters.get(i);

            if (param.getType() != "text") {
                list = new ArrayList<Parameter>();

                if (parameterMap.containsKey(param.getName())) {
                    list = parameterMap.get(param.getName());
                    list.add(param);
                }
                else {
                    list = new ArrayList<Parameter>();
                    list.add(param);
                }

            }
            else {
                list = new ArrayList<Parameter>();
                list.add(param);

            }

            parameterMap.put(param.getName(), list);

        }

        paramMap.setParmeterMap(parameterMap);
        return paramMap;
    }
}

When I am running the application on my local(http://localhost:8080/home/rest/parameter/) I am getting the below error. My main requirement is to show the Map<String,List<Parameters>> on the UI with the xml with all the information.

org.jboss.resteasy.spi.UnhandledException:
  com.sun.xml.bind.v2.runtime.IllegalAnnotationsException: 1 counts of
  IllegalAnnotationExceptions java.util.List is an interface, and JAXB
  can't handle interfaces. this problem is related to the following
  location: at java.util.List at private java.util.Map
  nl.paston.insurance.product.model.ParameterMap.parameterMap at
  nl.paston.insurance.product.model.ParameterMap
      org.jboss.resteasy.core.ExceptionHandler.handleApplicationException(ExceptionHandler.java:76)
      org.jboss.resteasy.core.ExceptionHandler.handleException(ExceptionHandler.java:212)
      org.jboss.resteasy.core.SynchronousDispatcher.writeException(SynchronousDispatcher.java:149)
      org.jboss.resteasy.core.SynchronousDispatcher.invoke(SynchronousDispatcher.java:372)
      org.jboss.resteasy.core.SynchronousDispatcher.invoke(SynchronousDispatcher.java:179)
      org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.ServletContainerDispatcher.service(ServletContainerDispatcher.java:220)
      org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher.service(HttpServletDispatcher.java:56)
      org.jboss.resteasy.plugins.server.servlet.HttpServletDispatcher.service(HttpServletDispatcher.java:51)
      javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletHandler.handleRequest(ServletHandler.java:86)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.security.ServletSecurityRoleHandler.handleRequest(ServletSecurityRoleHandler.java:62)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletDispatchingHandler.handleRequest(ServletDispatchingHandler.java:36)
      org.wildfly.extension.undertow.security.SecurityContextAssociationHandler.handleRequest(SecurityContextAssociationHandler.java:78)
      io.undertow.server.handlers.PredicateHandler.handleRequest(PredicateHandler.java:43)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.security.SSLInformationAssociationHandler.handleRequest(SSLInformationAssociationHandler.java:131)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.security.ServletAuthenticationCallHandler.handleRequest(ServletAuthenticationCallHandler.java:57)
      io.undertow.server.handlers.PredicateHandler.handleRequest(PredicateHandler.java:43)
      io.undertow.security.handlers.AbstractConfidentialityHandler.handleRequest(AbstractConfidentialityHandler.java:46)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.security.ServletConfidentialityConstraintHandler.handleRequest(ServletConfidentialityConstraintHandler.java:64)
      io.undertow.security.handlers.AuthenticationMechanismsHandler.handleRequest(AuthenticationMechanismsHandler.java:58)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.security.CachedAuthenticatedSessionHandler.handleRequest(CachedAuthenticatedSessionHandler.java:72)
      io.undertow.security.handlers.NotificationReceiverHandler.handleRequest(NotificationReceiverHandler.java:50)
      io.undertow.security.handlers.SecurityInitialHandler.handleRequest(SecurityInitialHandler.java:76)
      io.undertow.server.handlers.PredicateHandler.handleRequest(PredicateHandler.java:43)
      org.wildfly.extension.undertow.security.jacc.JACCContextIdHandler.handleRequest(JACCContextIdHandler.java:61)
      io.undertow.server.handlers.PredicateHandler.handleRequest(PredicateHandler.java:43)
      io.undertow.server.handlers.PredicateHandler.handleRequest(PredicateHandler.java:43)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletInitialHandler.handleFirstRequest(ServletInitialHandler.java:282)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletInitialHandler.dispatchRequest(ServletInitialHandler.java:261)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletInitialHandler.access$000(ServletInitialHandler.java:80)
      io.undertow.servlet.handlers.ServletInitialHandler$1.handleRequest(ServletInitialHandler.java:172)
      io.undertow.server.Connectors.executeRootHandler(Connectors.java:199)
      io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange$1.run(HttpServerExchange.java:774)
      java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
      java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
      java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

I hope I have provided with all the information required. In this expert group of people, request you all to please help me in this issue. Any small help would be of greatest help to me. Thanks for your help in advance.

A: Maps containing collections as values are a bit tricky; you need an adapter and classes for representing the map entries in a way JAXB can handle.
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class ListOfEntry {
    @XmlElement
    private List<Entry> list = new ArrayList<>();
    public List<Entry> getList(){ return list; }
}

@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Entry {
    @XmlElement
    private String key;
    @XmlElement
    private List<Parameter> list = new ArrayList<>();
    public String getKey(){ return key; }
    public void setKey( String value ){ key = value; }
    public List<Parameter> getList(){ return list; }
}

The Adapter does the transformations back and forth:
public class Adapter
extends XmlAdapter<ListOfEntry, Map<String, List<Parameter>>> {
    @Override
    public Map<String, List<Parameter>> unmarshal(ListOfEntry loe)
        throws Exception {
        Map<String, List<Parameter>> map = new HashMap<>();
        for(Entry entry : loe.getList() ) {
            map.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getList() );
        }
        return map;
    }

    @Override
    public ListOfEntry marshal(Map<String, List<Parameter>> map)
        throws Exception {
        ListOfEntry loe = new ListOfEntry();
        for(Map.Entry<String, List<Parameter>> mapEntry : map.entrySet()) {
            Entry entry = new Entry();
            entry.setKey( mapEntry.getKey() );
            entry.getList().addAll( mapEntry.getValue() );
            loe.getList().add(entry);
        }
        return loe;
    }
}

And you must add an annotation to the Map field:
@XmlElement
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter(Adapter.class)
private Map<String, List<Parameter>> parameterMap = new HashMap<>();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Tags 6.14
Tag: 6.14
The CW released Preview Clip of Arrow episode Collision Course
D. Bevers - March 1, 2018
The CW has released a 90-seconds Preview Clip from Arrow episode "Collision Course" (6.14), to be aired on Thursday, March 1 at 09:00-10:00 PM. In...
The CW released Promotional Photos Of Arrow episode Collision Course
D. Bevers - February 13, 2018
The CW has released eleven Promotional Photos of Arrow episode "Collision Course" (6.14), to be aired on Thursday, March 1 at 09:00-10:00 PM. Get a...
The CW reveals Official Synopsis Of Arrow episode Collision Course
D. Bevers - February 9, 2018
The CW has released the Official Synopsis of Arrow episode "Collision Course" (6.14), to be aired on Thursday, March 1 at 09:00-10:00 PM. OFFICIAL SYNOPSIS OTA...
The CW released Teaser Trailer of Arrow episode Collision Course
The CW has released a 20-seconds Teaser Trailer from Arrow episode "Collision Course" (6.14), to be aired on Thursday, March 1 at 09:00-10:00 PM. In...


text:
October 23, 2008 by Marty Gleason
Chalk-line provocations
Imagine there's no countries? John Lennon's youngish but ageing hand rises up, his long-haired ideas swirling once more. The pic of him curled up naked around Yoko was a clever photograph, probably representative of many relationships where one person loves the other more and is nakedly dependent on him/her while the other half stares out in detached indifference. I don't care about the man, I grew up with the Beatles occasionally playing in the background but think they are ever-so-slightly overrated – I only really dig two or three of their songs. Plus the conflicts that broke them up seem to mostly be by John's hand and again, I've no time for people who profess to save the world while they treat the people immediately around them like shit. But suddenly after twenty-fiveish years of decrying his anti-everything, anti-religion, anti-nations, I suddenly like his unattainable idea of us all ditching the artificial constructs that turn cousins against each other and have very little use in a day-to-day, food-in-mouth sense: nationalism, religion, political spheres.
I'll say it, not that this is all that controversial: the human race would be better off if the globe was not covered by nation states (countries) and ruled by them. What are countries if not an excuse to dismiss portions of our fellow people and not have to feel responsible for them? If I were my brother's keeper as opposed to simply my Australian brother's keeper, the Zimbabwean government would not be cowering under the cloak of sovereignty, the Taliban could not lock its women into cubicles, the diamond mines wouldn't be such deathtraps. Injustice is untouchable simply because it happens tucked behind the borders of foreign countries?
Why does only one set of people benefit from gas and oil deposits when people a few hours away get nothing? These borders lock possessions into one place and keep people hemmed in like doomed cattle in others. I've taken that airplane trip and it's utterly mind-boggling that things can be so different only a short ocean away. It's not as if Mali, Bolivia, Tajikistan, Yemen, Haiti et al are light years' distance from us, and yet only a couple thousand kilometres away from where we zap reheated dinners in microwaves and pay our bills online people have to dedicate a whole day of their workaday schedules to wash clothes by hand and queue up for days to get anything done.
We are raised to develop instinctive love for our countries and to rejoice in the downfall of others, yet how are Anglo-Saxon Aussies different from Anglo-Saxon Kiwis, really? Why should Bolivians distrust Peruvians so when they are no different from them at all? Isn't Darwin much closer to Indonesia than it is to Perth, shouldn't the Indonesians be more relevant to them?
Enough badgering, I'm not flash at debating-style writing and I'm too apathetic to ever win an argument. Somalia dove stateless into anarchy in the 1990s and that little nationless social experiment descended into copious amounts of war and violence, although curiously resulted in Somalia developing the best telecommunications in Africa.
This post, like many things but for the opposite reasons, was 'inspired' by the Olympics, by the gruesome sight of Sudanese Ismail Ahmed Ismail, silver medallist of the men's 800-metre run, having no choice but to wave around the flag of the nation of Sudan on a lap of honour, the very symbol of a government who indirectly commits genocide against his own people in the infamous province of Darfur.
John Carlos, who raised one gloved fisted hand on the medal dais at the 1968 Olympics and ruined his life simply because he disowned the United States nation that had disowned his race, asked: "Why do you have to wear the uniform of your country? Why do they play national anthems? Why do we have to beat the Russians? Why do the East Germans want to beat the West Germans? Why can't everyone wear the same colours but wear numbers to tell them apart? What happened to the Olympic ideal of man versus man?"
And yet I loved Paraguay beating Argentina in 2005; I loved the rivalry between the French and Italian soccer teams. My dream is to go to Paraguay and Mali, as opposed to going to some vague shapeless Guaraní-ville and Bambaraland. Despite everything, I gave a shit whether my fellow Australian Steph Rice won or not, that Adelaide United made the Asian Champions League Final last night. But why did I? What's all that got to do with me?
← Friday
David and me →
2 thoughts on "Chalk-line provocations"
LuLi | October 23, 2008 at 10:01 pm
It sounds good, but would it really work that way? People might still get angsty about regions & religions and what would stop exploitation? I think we're slowly working towards a globalised world but if the big businesses take advantage of free trade and all of that then they might end up ruling us, not the government.
I know how you feel, I feel very proud when Australia gets somewhere in soccer, but really its meaningless. It doesn't make me a better person.
Marty | October 24, 2008 at 9:57 am
I'm not against regionalism developing; better that than just chucking two or three sets of people who don't like each other into the same country, which generally doesn't work. Even solid countries like Belgium hate their arrangement.
But you're right, without government regulation things would become very feudal, especially now that the businesses have taken over.


text:
Posted inThis Is Not Cool
Meteorologists, climatologists featured in new '2013 climate' video
Unprecedented drought, wildfires, and extreme heat in 2012 are seen offering a hint of the kinds of summers that will be 'commonplace' under business-as-usual energy practices.
by Peter Sinclair January 23, 2013 January 25, 2022
Independent videographer Peter Sinclair in this Yale Forum "2013 Climate Outlook" video pairs the expert insights of Michigan and Minnesota meteorologists Jeff Masters and Paul Douglas with the expert climatology perspectives of scientists Katharine Hayhoe of Texas Tech University, Michael Mann of Penn State University, and Jennifer Francis of Rutgers University.
Why the large differences between higher global temperatures and what happens in particular regions? Why is it that 2012 set the high-temperature record for the contiguous United States, but 2011 "smashed all of the records" in parts of Texas? How do the 50 days of Lubbock, Texas, 100-degree-plus days in 2011 compare with historic weather records in that west Texas town? What are among the biggest risks from more 2012-like summer weather records? (Hint: Masters points to the $50 billion price tag associated with the 2012 drought and cautions that the price will go up if the continuing drought — yes, it's continuing throughout much of the country — continues.)
Penn State's Mann says he fears the 2012 record heat offers us "a taste of the sorts of summers that will be commonplace just decades from now" if business-as-usual energy use and combustion continues. He points out that even the cooling influences of a La Niña such as that in 2012 can be more than offset by growing greenhouse gas concentrations.
Masters and Douglas explain the 2012 decline in tornadoes across the U.S., what Douglas calls "the only silver lining" from the year's record heat. Douglas points to the spread of the drought across the U.S. and the high number of 100-plus degree days. "There wasn't enough moisture, and there wasn't enough wind shear" across the U.S., Douglas explains, so the traditional "Tornado Alley" was shoved northward, penalizing Saskatchewan.
Asked by Sinclair whether the Arctic 2012 summer was an oddity, an exception, Rutgers Professor Jennifer Francis says that just isn't the case. "Arctic sea ice is so thin now that it's much more easily moved by the wind. It's much more easily melted by an injection of warm air from the south, like storms tend to do," she says. Pointing to that thinning sea ice, Francis says the weather stresses imposed during 2012 would not have had nearly the devastating impact on the Arctic sea ice just three decades ago. And Masters says his "conservative" judgment is that Arctic will be ice-free in summers just a decade from now.
Tagged: Peter Sinclair, This is not cool
Peter Sinclair
Peter Sinclair is a Michigan-based videographer, specializing in climate change and renewable energy issues. He has created hundreds of educational videos correcting climate science misinformation,... More by Peter Sinclair


My Lenovo Ideapad G50-70 will automatically disconnect from the Internet at random moments on 14.04. The network will first just stop working without any warning, and after a while, it will disconnect by itself. The strange thing is, I can't manage to get the computer back online without restarting the whole computer; it will not be able to connect to the network at all. Simply turning wireless/networking off and back on doesn't help at all. I've tried following old instructions to update drivers (as shown here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2080326 ), but it didn't help.
After digging more i found that it's a known bug in Ubuntu for the Realtek RTL8723BE adapter. See this bug report.
Also check out this closed question on same issue.
prior to that I re-installed the module, updated the kernel to 3.16, and none of that worked.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged 14.04 wireless networking lenovo realtek or ask your own question.


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Help the girls jump over rabid fans, dodge pushy photographers and avoid bothersome birds and bouncing tiles.
try to bounce up the canyon as high as you can before the lava burns you to death.
Leila and the Magic ..
Reach the checkpoints before time expires as you dodge and jump over cars in your way.


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Searching on query: ['Nicholas Mark Gotts'] clear, displaying 10 of 131 results
PolicySpace2: modeling markets and endogenous public policies
B Furtado | Published Thu Feb 25 13:21:22 2021 | Last modified Fri Jan 14 13:46:42 2022
Policymakers decide on alternative policies facing restricted budgets and uncertain future. Designing public policies is further difficult due to the need to decide on priorities and handle effects across policies. Housing policies, specifically, involve heterogeneous characteristics of properties themselves and the intricacy of housing markets and the spatial context of cities. We propose PolicySpace2 (PS2) as an adapted and extended version of the open source PolicySpace agent-based model. PS2 is a computer simulation that relies on empirically detailed spatial data to model real estate, along with labor, credit, and goods and services markets. Interaction among workers, firms, a bank, households and municipalities follow the literature benchmarks to integrate economic, spatial and transport scholarship. PS2 is applied to a comparison among three competing public policies aimed at reducing inequality and alleviating poverty: (a) house acquisition by the government and distribution to lower income households, (b) rental vouchers, and (c) monetary aid. Within the model context, the monetary aid, that is, smaller amounts of help for a larger number of households, makes the economy perform better in terms of production, consumption, reduction of inequality, and maintenance of financial duties. PS2 as such is also a framework that may be further adapted to a number of related research questions.
Housing agent based modeling and simulation labor market Metropolises agent-based model
Peer reviewed Labor and environment in global value chains: An evolutionary policy study with a three-sector and two-region agent-based macroeconomic model
Lena Gerdes Bernhard Rengs Manuel Scholz-Wäckerle | Published Wed Dec 22 12:16:45 2021
With this model, we investigate resource extraction and labor conditions in the Global South as well as implications for climate change originating from industry emissions in the North. The model serves as a testbed for simulation experiments with evolutionary political economic policies addressing these issues. In the model, heterogeneous agents interact in a self-organizing and endogenously developing economy. The economy contains two distinct regions – an abstract Global South and Global North. There are three interlinked sectors, the consumption good–, capital good–, and resource production sector. Each region contains an independent consumption good sector, with domestic demand for final goods. They produce a fictitious consumption good basket, and sell it to the households in the respective region. The other sectors are only present in one region. The capital good sector is only found in the Global North, meaning capital goods (i.e. machines) are exclusively produced there, but are traded to the foreign as well as the domestic market as an intermediary. For the production of machines, the capital good firms need labor, machines themselves and resources. The resource production sector, on the other hand, is only located in the Global South. Mines extract resources and export them to the capital firms in the North. For the extraction of resources, the mines need labor and machines. In all three sectors, prices, wages, number of workers and physical capital of the firms develop independently throughout the simulation. To test policies, an international institution is introduced sanctioning the polluting extractivist sector in the Global South as well as the emitting industrial capital good producers in the North with the aim of subsidizing innovation reducing environmental and social impacts.
Unequal exchange Environmental Protection Evolutionary political economy Climate Change Labor protection Local pollution Resource extraction
Retail Competition Agent-based Model
Jiaxin Zhang Derek Robinson | Published Sun Jan 3 19:59:48 2021 | Last modified Wed Nov 10 02:38:08 2021
The Retail Competition Agent-based Model (RC-ABM) is designed to simulate the retail competition system in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, which which explicitly represents store competition behaviour. Through the RC-ABM, we aim to answer 4 research questions: 1) What is the level of correspondence between market share and revenue acquisition for an agent-based approach compared to a traditional location-allocation-based approach? 2) To what degree can the observed store spatial pattern be reproduced by competition? 3) To what degree are their path dependent patterns of retail success? 4) What is the relationship between retail survival and the endogenous geographic characteristics of stores and consumer expenditures?
Price Evolution with Expectations
J Applegate Gesine Steudel Armin Haas Carlo Jaeger | Published Fri Sep 10 02:07:06 2021
The Price Evolution with Expectations model provides the opportunity to explore the question of non-equilibrium market dynamics, and how and under which conditions an economic system converges to the classically defined economic equilibrium. To accomplish this, we bring together two points of view of the economy; the classical perspective of general equilibrium theory and an evolutionary perspective, in which the current development of the economic system determines the possibilities for further evolution.
The Price Evolution with Expectations model consists of a representative firm producing no profit but producing a single good, which we call sugar, and a representative household which provides labour to the firm and purchases sugar.The model explores the evolutionary dynamics whereby the firm does not initially know the household demand but eventually this demand and thus the correct price for sugar given the household's optimal labour.
The model can be run in one of two ways; the first does not include money and the second uses money such that the firm and/or the household have an endowment that can be spent or saved. In either case, the household has preferences for leisure and consumption and a demand function relating sugar and price, and the firm has a production function and learns the household demand over a set number of time steps using either an endogenous or exogenous learning algorithm. The resulting equilibria, or fixed points of the system, may or may not match the classical economic equilibrium.
price evolutionary economics complexity economics multiple equilibria
CINCH1 (Covid-19 INfection Control in Hospitals)
N Gotts | Published Sun Aug 29 13:13:03 2021
CINCH1 (Covid-19 INfection Control in Hospitals), is a prototype model of physical distancing for infection control among staff in University College London Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic, developed at the University of Leeds, School of Geography. It models the movement of collections of agents in simple spaces under conflicting motivations of reaching their destination, maintaining physical distance from each other, and walking together with a companion. The model incorporates aspects of the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation of Behaviour (COM-B) Behaviour Change Framework developed at University College London Centre for Behaviour Change, and is aimed at informing decisions about behavioural interventions in hospital and other workplace settings during this and possible future outbreaks of highly contagious diseases. CINCH1 was developed as part of the SAFER (SARS-CoV-2 Acquisition in Frontline Health Care Workers – Evaluation to Inform Response) project
(https://www.ucl.ac.uk/behaviour-change/research/safer-sars-cov-2-acquisition-frontline-health-care-workers-evaluation-inform-response), funded by the UK Medical Research Council. It is written in Python 3.8, and built upon Mesa version 0.8.7 (copyright 2020 Project Mesa Team).
behavior change COVID-19 pedestrian modeling health care infrastructure
Peer reviewed Small-Trade Model
Emilie Lindkvist Blanca Gonzalez-Mon Örjan Bodin Maja Schlüter | Published Wed Jul 28 09:39:08 2021
The purpose of this model is to understand the role of trade networks and their interaction with different fish resources, for fish provision. The model is developed based on a multi-methods approach, combining agent-based modeling, network analysis and qualitative data based on a small-scale fisheries study case. The model can be used to investigate both how trade network structures are embedded in a social-ecological context and the trade processes that occur within them, to analyze how they lead to emergent outcomes related to the resilience of fish provision. The model processes are informed by qualitative data analysis, and the social network analysis of an empirical fish trade network. The network analysis can be used to investigate diverse network structures to perform model experiments, and their influence on model outcomes.
The main outcomes we study are 1) the overexploitation of fish resources and 2) the availability and variability of fish provision to satisfy different market demands, and 3) individual traders' fish supply at the micro-level. The model has two types of trader agents, seller and dealer. The model reveals that the characteristics of the trade networks, linked to different trader types (that have different roles in those networks), can affect the resilience of fish provision.
value chain social network analysis fisheries management trade cross-scale interactions trade networks small-scale fisheries fisheries modeling resilience fish provision
Knowledge Based Economy
Guido Fioretti Sirio Capizzi Ruggero Rossi Martina Casari Ala Jlif | Published Tue May 18 11:51:03 2021
Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) is an artificial economy where firms placed in geographical space develop original knowledge, imitate one another and eventually recombine pieces of knowledge. In KBE, consumer value arises from the capability of certain pieces of knowledge to bridge between existing items (e.g., Steve Jobs illustrated the first smartphone explaining that you could make a call with it, but also listen to music and navigate the Internet). Since KBE includes a mechanism for the generation of value, it works without utility functions and does not need to model market exchanges.
artificial economics
Peer reviewed agent-based model studying money
Juan Ocampo | Published Thu Mar 4 18:48:40 2021 | Last modified Mon Mar 15 07:01:41 2021
1.7 billion people appear to be financially excluded. Due to the relevance of the problem, special purpose monies known as Complementary Currencies (CC) seem to be a potential solution. This doctoral project inquiries into the organising of money and its performative effects. It does so by following the communities designing CC and engineering their markets.
Co-operative Autonomy
Hani Mohammed Subu Kandaswamy | Published Sat Apr 24 09:38:34 2021
This model presents an autonomous, two-lane driving environment with a single lane-closure that can be toggled. The four driving scenarios - two baseline cases (based on the real-world) and two experimental setups - are as follows:
Baseline-1 is where cars are not informed of the lane closure.
Baseline-2 is where a Red Zone is marked wherein cars are informed of the lane closure ahead.
Strategy-1 is where cars use a co-operative driving strategy - FAS. <sup>[1]</sup>
Strategy-2 is a variant of Strategy-1 and uses comfortable deceleration values instead of the vehicle's limit.
IDM MOBIL FAS Traffic Simulation Autonomous Vehicles
RAGE RAngeland Grazing Model
Gunnar Dressler Jürgen Groeneveld Carsten M Buchmann Cheng Guo Niklas Hase Jule Thober Karin Frank Birgit Müller | Published Mon Jul 17 15:39:55 2017 | Last modified Fri Oct 26 12:46:12 2018
RAGE models a stylized common property grazing system. Agents follow a certain behavioral type. The model allows analyzing how household behavior with respect to a social norm on pasture resting affects long-term social-ecological system dynamics.
human behaviour stylized agent-based model social-ecological modelling pastoralism rangeland behavior change


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Employability skills refer to the skills that an individual needs to enable them to get employment, keep employment, advance in their careers and do so effectively, which includes two areas, one being the Job-Specific Skills and the second General Skills.
This program helps students start identifying where they stand in these and based upon this self knowledge start building upon it, no matter in what stream they have their degree, and become employable.
Human Behavioural Specialist with more than 20 years of hands on experience in the field of Organization Development, Change Management & Learning & Development.
Certified IEMT (Integral Eye Movement Therapy). Trained by Mr. Andrew Austin, UK.
Trained in Yoga, Yogasuta and Meditation Techniques.
Conducted more than 500 workshops during the last 9 years.