There's been a lot of coverage about country of origin labelling (CoOL) rules relating to labelling of food. But what about complementary healthcare products?
Claims about where complementary healthcare products are made or manufactured need to comply with the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). Of course, compliance with the ACL is in addition to sponsors' compliance with the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (Cth) and the regulations and advertising codes made under that Act.
Vitamin company Nature's Care has filed a claim in the Federal Court of Australia seeking to test the "safe harbour" provisions in the ACL and confirm that its products can be labelled as Australian-made. The court action comes in the wake of the new ACCC guide for business, Country of Origin Labelling for Complementary Healthcare Products (Guide), released earlier this year.
Manufacturers and sponsors of complementary healthcare products should review the Guide and consider what impact the ACCC's guidance has on the claims they make about where their products are made.
Generally, businesses can make any claims about their products (other than food) as long as they are truthful and accurate. The ACL contains general prohibitions relating to misleading and deceptive conduct and specific prohibitions on making false or misleading representations relating to the place of origin of goods.
were made in (or manufactured in), or otherwise originated in, the country.
Each defence has certain criteria to be met and it is expected that the Nature's Care case will focus on the third defence. To fall within the third safe harbour defence and be able to make a "made in" claim, the goods must have been "last substantially transformed" in the relevant country.
The ACL states that to be substantially transformed in a country, the goods are, as a result of processes undertaken in that country, fundamentally different in identity, nature or essential character from all of their ingredients or components that were imported into that country.
The ACL does not give a specific definition of "identity", "nature" or "essential character" and according to the Guide, their ordinary meaning will need to be considered.
The Guide indicates that the ACCC would expect that to make a "made in" claim, the processing needs to result in an end product that is fundamentally different from the ingredients used to make it, and merely changing the form or appearance of a product will not be sufficient to satisfy the "substantial transformation" test.
The Guide provides insight into how the ACCC views six different manufacturing processes or types of complementary healthcare products: dry blending; encapsulation; tabletting; herbal extractions; essential oils and semi-solid formulations.
Media reports suggest that the Nature's Care case is likely to focus on the process of encapsulation relating to fish oil products.
According to the Guide, the ACCC's view is that encapsulating imported ingredients is unlikely to constitute a substantial transformation of a good. Whilst the delivery method or form of the product might have changed, it does not result in a fundamental change in the identity, nature or essential character of the end product when compared to the imported ingredients. Further, the addition of excipients (ingredients that are not therapeutically active such as fragrances, preservatives or binders) is unlikely to result in a substantial transformation.
Probiotics – a business that imports 10 strains of bacteria and combines and encapsulates them into one capsule is unlikely to have substantially transformed all the ingredients simply by combining them in a more convenient form (instead of 10 different capsules).
Krill oil – a business importing krill oil and processing it into a capsule has not substantially transformed it, as the end product retains the fundamental properties and identity of krill oil which have not changed when compared with the imported krill oil, even though its delivery method and dose has changed. In the ACCC's view it is relevant the krill oil can be consumed as a liquid.
highlighting any quality standards that were complied with.
Of course, any alternative claims must still comply with the ACL and be true, accurate and not misleading or deceptive.
It is important to remember that this is a new area of law and the ACCC Guide is not binding. The guidance is general in nature and businesses should seek independent legal advice on labelling their products. The Nature's Care case shows that the ACCC's approach can be tested and it is ultimately the task of the courts to interpret the meaning of the new CoOL laws. In that regard, watch this space.
If you have any questions or would like to discuss further, please contact us.


… and drink ya' milk.
OK, can't believe I started with that joke… actually I can.
I've recently been looking at games that give a good feeling of being that character in that situation. Here's a clue to what I've been playing.


text:
La teoria dello stato di transizione (TST), o teoria del complesso attivato, è la teoria che tratta le velocità delle reazioni elementari assumendo un particolare tipo di equilibrio (quasi-equilibrio) tra reagenti e complessi attivati.

La teoria è utilizzata soprattutto come base qualitativa per comprendere come avvengono le reazioni chimiche. La teoria dello stato di transizione ha avuto meno successo nel suo scopo originale di calcolare le costanti di velocità assoluta di reazione, in dipendenza dal fatto che il calcolo delle velocità assolute di reazione richiede una conoscenza molto accurata delle superfici di energia potenziale, ma è adatta per il calcolo dell'entalpia di attivazione (ΔH‡), dell'entropia di attivazione (ΔS‡), e dell'energia libera di Gibbs di attivazione (ΔG‡) per una particolare reazione la cui costante di velocità sia stata determinata sperimentalmente.

Questa teoria fu sviluppata simultaneamente nel 1935 da Henry Eyring, allora all'Università di Princeton, e da Meredith Gwynne Evans e Michael Polanyi dell'Università di Manchester. Prima del suo sviluppo, per determinare le energie per la barriera di reazione veniva ampiamente utilizzata la legge di Arrhenius della velocità. L'equazione di Arrhenius deriva dall'osservazione empirica e ignora ogni considerazione meccanicistica, come nel caso se uno o più intermedi di reazione siano implicati o meno nella conversione totale di un reagente in un prodotto. Di conseguenza furono necessari ulteriori sviluppi per comprendere i due parametri associati a questa legge, il fattore pre-esponenziale (A) e l'energia di attivazione (ΔE‡). La teoria dello stato di transizione, che condusse all'equazione di Eyring, affrontò con successo questi due temi; tuttavia, passarono 46 anni tra la pubblicazione della legge di Arrhenius della velocità nel 1889 e l'equazione di Eyring nel 1935. Durante questo periodo di tempo il lavoro di molti scienziati e ricercatori contribuì significativamente allo sviluppo di questa teoria.

Teoria
I concetti fondamentali su cui si basa la teoria dello stato di transizione sono i seguenti:
Le velocità delle reazioni sono studiate studiando i complessi attivati che si collocano al punto di sella di una superficie di energia potenziale. I dettagli di come questi complessi si siano formati non sono importanti.
I complessi attivati sono in uno speciale equilibrio (quasi-equilibrio) con le molecole dei reagenti.
I complessi attivati possono convertirsi nei prodotti, il che consente alla teoria cinetica di calcolare la velocità di questa trasformazione.

Sviluppo
Nello sviluppo della teoria dello stato di transizione furono considerati i tre approcci di seguito sintetizzati.

Trattazione termodinamica

Nel 1884, Jacobus van 't Hoff propose l'equazione di van 't Hoff per descrivere la dipendenza della costante di equilibrio dalla temperatura per una reazione reversibile:

dove ΔU è il cambiamento di energia interna, K è la costante di equilibrio della reazione, R è la costante universale dei gas, e T è la temperatura espressa in kelvin. Basandosi su un lavoro sperimentale, nel 1889, Svante Arrhenius propose un'espressione simile per la costante di velocità di una reazione:

che integrata conduce alla equazione di Arrhenius

.

"A" venne definito fattore di frequenza (adesso chiamato coefficiente pre-esponenziale), e ΔE‡ rappresenta l'energia di attivazione. Nei primi anni del XX secolo molti accettarono l'equazione di Arrhenius, ma l'interpretazione fisica di "A" ed "E" restò vaga. Ciò condusse molti ricercatori in cinetica chimica a elaborare differenti teorie su come avvengano le reazioni chimiche, nel tentativo di correlare "A" e ΔE‡ alla dinamica molecolare direttamente responsabile delle reazioni chimiche. Nel 1910, Marcelin introdusse il concetto di energia libera di Gibbs di attivazione. La sua equazione può essere scritta come

.

All'incirca nello stesso periodo in cui Marcelin stava lavorando sulla sua formulazione, i chimici olandesi Kohnstamm, Scheffer, e Brandsma introdussero per la prima volta l'entropia standard di attivazione e l'entalpia standard di attivazione. Essi proposero la seguente equazione per la costante di velocità:

.

Tuttavia, la natura della costante non era stata ancora chiarita.

Trattazione teorico-cinetica

Nei primi anni 1900, Trautz e Lewis studiarono la velocità di reazione utilizzando la teoria delle collisioni, basata sulla teoria cinetica dei gas. La teoria delle collisioni tratta le molecole dei reagenti come sfere rigide che collidono l'una con l'altra; questa teoria trascura i cambiamenti di entropia.

Lewis applicò la sua trattazione alla seguente reazione e ottenne un buon accordo coi risultati sperimentali:
2 HI → H2 + I2.

Tuttavia, quando successivamente la stessa trattazione venne applicata ad altre reazioni, ci furono grandi discrepanze tra i risultati teorici e quelli sperimentali.

Trattazione meccanico-statistica

La  meccanica statistica ebbe un ruolo molto significativo nello sviluppo della teoria dello stato di transizione. Comunque, l'applicazione della meccanica statistica alla teoria dello stato di transizione fu sviluppata molto lentamente tenuto conto del fatto che nella metà degli anni 1800, Maxwell, Boltzmann, e Pfaundler pubblicarono diversi scritti in cui discutevano dell'equilibrio e delle velocità di reazione in termini di moti molecolari e di distribuzione statistica delle velocità molecolari.

Fu solo nel 1912 che il chimico francese A. Berthoud utilizzò la legge di distribuzione di Maxwell-Boltzmann per ottenere l'espressione per la costante di velocità

dove a e b sono costanti correlate ai termini energetici.

Due anni dopo, Marcelin diede un contributo essenziale trattando il procedere di una reazione chimica come il moto di un punto nello spazio delle fasi. Egli applicò i procedimenti meccanico-statistici di Gibbs e ottenne un'espressione simile a quella che egli stesso ottenne in precedenza da considerazioni termodinamiche.

Nel 1915, un altro importante contributo venne dal fisico britannico Rice. Basandosi sulla sua analisi statistica, concluse che la costante di velocità è proporzionale all'"incremento critico". Le sue idee furono ulteriormente sviluppate da Tolman. Nel 1919, il fisico austriaco Herzfeld applicò la meccanica statistica alla costante di equilibrio, K, e la teoria cinetica alla costante di velocità della reazione inversa,  k-1, per la reazione reversibile di una molecola biatomica

.

Ottenne la seguente equazione per la costante di velocità della reazione diretta

dove E è l'energia di dissociazione allo zero assoluto, kB è la costante di Boltzmann, h è la costante di Planck, T la temperatura assoluta, e ν è la frequenza vibrazionale del legame. Questa espressione è molto importante dato che rappresenta la prima volta in cui sia comparso il fattore kBT/h, il quale è un componente critico della teoria dello stato di transizione, in una equazione cinetica.

Nel 1920 Tolman sviluppò ulteriormente l'idea di Rice dell'incremento critico. Egli concluse che l'incremento critico (adesso definito energia di attivazione) è eguale all'energia media di tutte le molecole che partecipano alla reazione meno l'energia media di tutte le molecole di reagente.

Superfici di energia potenziale

Il concetto di superficie di energia potenziale fu molto importante nello sviluppo della teoria dello stato di transizione. Le fondamenta di questo concetto furono poste da Marcelin. Egli teorizzò che l'avanzamento di una reazione chimica potesse essere descritto come un punto in una superficie di energia potenziale con coordinate in momenti atomici e distanze.

Nel 1931, Eyring e Polanyi costruirono una superficie di energia potenziale per la reazione

H + H2 → H2 + H.

Questa superficie è un diagramma tridimensionale basato sui principi della meccanica quantistica così come su dati sperimentali riguardanti le frequenze vibrazionali e le energie di dissociazione.

Un anno dopo il lavoro di Eyring e Polanyi, H. Pelzer e Eugene Wigner diedero un importante contributo seguendo il procedere di una reazione su una superficie di energia potenziale. L'importanza di questo contributo consistette nel fatto che fu la prima volta in cui si dibatté sul concetto di punto di sella in una superficie di energia potenziale. Arrivarono alla conclusione che la velocità di una reazione è determinata dal passaggio del sistema attraverso quella sella.

Derivazione dell'equazione di Eyring
L'unica importante caratteristica introdotta da Eyring, Polanyi ed Evans fu il concetto di quasi-equilibrio tra il complesso attivato e i reagenti. La velocità è quindi direttamente proporzionale alla concentrazione di questi complessi moltiplicata per la frequenza (kBT/h) con la quale essi sono convertiti nei prodotti.

Supposizione del quasi-equilibrio

Si deve notare che il quasi-equilibrio è differente dal classico equilibrio chimico, ma può essere descritto utilizzando la stessa trattazione termodinamica. Si consideri la reazione
A + B ⇄ [AB]‡ → P

dove l'equilibrio completo viene raggiunto tra tutte le specie nel sistema inclusi i complessi attivati, [AB]‡. Tramite la meccanica statistica, è possibile calcolare la concentrazione di [AB]‡ in termini di concentrazione di A e di B.

La teoria dello stato di transizione assume che anche quando i reagenti e i prodotti non sono in equilibrio tra loro, i complessi attivati sono in quasi-equilibrio con i reagenti. Come mostrato nella figura accanto, a ogni istante di tempo, esisteranno dei complessi attivati, alcuni dei quali erano molecole dei reagenti poco prima, che sono indicate [AB→]‡ (dato che evolvono verso destra). Le restanti di loro erano molecole dei prodotti poco prima, [AB←]‡. Dato che il sistema è in completo equilibrio, le concentrazioni di [AB→]‡ e [AB←]‡ sono uguali, pertanto ogni concentrazione equivale alla metà della concentrazione totale dei complessi attivati:

 e .

Se le molecole dei prodotti vengono improvvisamente rimosse dal sistema, il "flusso" di complessi attivati che derivava dai prodotti ([AB←]‡) si fermerà; tuttavia, ci sarà ancora un flusso da sinistra verso destra. Perciò, la supposizione è che la velocità di flusso da sinistra verso destra resti inalterata dopo la rimozione dei prodotti; in altre parole, i flussi nelle due direzioni sono assunti essere indipendenti l'uno dall'altro.

Nella teoria dello stato di transizione, è importante comprendere che quando viene detto che i complessi attivati sono in equilibrio con i reagenti, ci si riferisce solamente a quei complessi attivati ([AB→]‡) che erano molecole di reagenti un istante prima.

La costante di equilibrio K‡ per il quasi-equilibrio può essere scritta come
.

Quindi, la concentrazione dello stato di transizione AB‡ è
.

Perciò l'equazione cinetica per la sintesi dei prodotti è

dove la costante di velocità k è data
.

k‡ è direttamente proporzionale alla frequenza del modo vibrazionale responsabile della conversione del complesso attivato nel prodotto; la frequenza di questo modo vibrazionale è ν. Ogni vibrazione non necessariamente conduce alla formazione del prodotto, così viene introdotta una costante di proporzionalità κ, definita coefficiente di trasmissione, per tenere conto di questo effetto. In questo modo k‡ può essere riscritta come
.

Per la costante di equilibrio K‡, la meccanica statistica conduce a un'espressione dipendente dalla temperatura che assume la forma

dove
.

Combinando le nuove espressioni per k‡ e K‡, si può scrivere una nuova equazione per la costante di velocità:
.

Dato che in una trasformazione isotermobarica ΔG = ΔH – TΔS, l'espressione della costante di velocità può essere espansa dando l'equazione di Eyring
.

Le equazioni per la costante di velocità ricavate dalla teoria dello stato di transizione possono essere utilizzate per ricavare ΔG‡, ΔH‡, ΔS‡, e perfino ΔV‡ (il volume di attivazione) utilizzando dati sperimentali della velocità.

Limitazioni
In generale, la teoria dello stato di transizione ha fornito ai ricercatori i fondamenti concettuali per capire come avvengono le reazioni chimiche. Sebbene la teoria sia ampiamente accettata, ha delle limitazioni. Per esempio, la teoria assume che una volta che la struttura di transizione procede verso il basso lungo la superficie di energia potenziale, essa conduce a un prodotto (o a un insieme di prodotti). Tuttavia, in alcune reazioni, lo stato di transizione può attraversare la superficie di energia potenziale in un modo tale per cui esso conduce a un'inaspettata selettività di prodotto, non predetta dalla teoria dello stato di transizione (un esempio di tale reazione è la decomposizione termica dei diazobiciclopentani, esposta da Anslyn e Doughtery).

La teoria dello stato di transizione è basata anche sul presupposto che i nuclei atomici si comportino in accordo con la meccanica classica. Si assume che tranne che gli atomi o le molecole non collidano con sufficiente energia per formare la struttura di transizione, la reazione non avvenga. Tuttavia, secondo la meccanica quantistica, per qualsiasi barriera con una finita quantità di energia, esiste una possibilità che le particelle possano oltrepassare tale barriera (effetto tunnel). Riguardo alle reazioni chimiche questo significa che c'è una possibilità che le molecole reagiscano persino se esse non collidono con sufficiente energia per attraversare la barriera energetica. Mentre questo effetto si suppone essere trascurabile per reazioni con grandi energie di attivazione, diviene un fenomeno più importante per reazioni con barriere energetiche relativamente basse, dato che la probabilità dell'effetto tunnel aumenta al decrescere dell'altezza della barriera.

La teoria dello stato di transizione fallisce per alcune reazioni a elevata temperatura. La teoria assume che il sistema di reazione passi sopra il punto di sella a più bassa energia sulla superficie di energia potenziale. Si ricordi che il punto più elevato rappresenta lo stato di transizione. Mentre questa descrizione è coerente per reazioni che avvengono a temperature relativamente basse, a temperature elevate le molecole popolano livelli energetici vibrazionali superiori; il loro moto diventa più complesso e le collisioni possono condurre a stati di transizione lontani da quelli previsti tramite l'energia dello stato di transizione. Questa deviazione dalla teoria dello stato di transizione è osservata persino nella reazione di scambio semplice tra idrogeno biatomico e un radicale di idrogeno.

Date queste limitazioni, sono state proposte diverse alternative alla teoria dello stato di transizione. Di seguito verrà data una breve descrizione di queste teorie.

Teoria dello stato di transizione generalizzata
Qualsiasi forma di teoria dello stato di transizione, come quella variazionale microcanonica, variazionale canonica, e quella variazionale canonica migliorata, in cui lo stato di transizione non è necessariamente localizzato sul punto di sella, viene definita "teoria dello stato di transizione generalizzata".

Teoria dello stato di transizione variazionale microcanonica

È uno sviluppo della teoria dello stato di transizione nella quale la superficie di separazione viene variata in modo che sia minimizzata la velocità calcolata per un'energia fissata. Le espressioni della velocità ottenute in una trattazione microcanonica possono essere integrate rispetto all'energia, prendendo in considerazione la distribuzione statistica sugli stati energetici, in modo da dare le velocità canoniche, o termiche.

Teoria dello stato di transizione variazionale canonica

È uno sviluppo della teoria dello stato di transizione nella quale la superficie di separazione viene variata in modo che sia minimizzata la costante di velocità a una data temperatura.

Teoria dello stato di transizione variazionale canonica migliorata

È una modificazione della teoria dello stato di transizione variazionale canonica nella quale, per energie inferiori all'energia di soglia, la posizione della superficie di separazione è considerata essere quella dell'energia di soglia microcanonica. Ciò forza i contributi alle costanti di velocità a essere uguali a zero se questi sono inferiori all'energia di soglia. Viene quindi scelta una superficie di separazione di compromesso in modo che si abbia la minimizzazione dei contributi alla costante di velocità da parte dei reagenti che possiedono energie superiori.

Note

Bibliografia
Laidler, K., King, C., Development of transition-state theory, The Journal of physical chemistry, 1983, 87, (15), 2657
Laidler, K., A lifetime of transition-state theory. The chemical intelligencer, 1998, 4, (3), 39
Eric V. Anslyn, Dennis A. Doughtery, Transition State Theory and Related Topics in Modern Physical Organic Chemistry University Science Books, 2006; pp 365–373
Schramm, VL., Enzymatic Transition States and Transition State Analog Design, Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1998, 67, 693-720
Schramm, V.L., Enzymatic Transition State Theory and Transition State Analogue Design, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007, 282, (39), 28297-28300
Radzicka, A., Woldenden, R., Transition State and Multisubstrate Analog Inhibitors, Methods in Enzymology, 1995, 249, 284-312
Cleland, W.W., Isotope Effects: Determination of Enzyme Transition State Structure, Methods in Enzymology, 1995, 249, 341-373

Voci correlate
Teoria di Marcus
Complesso attivato
Energia di attivazione

Collegamenti esterni

Chimica teorica
Cinetica chimica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bogert Landing Gear Safety Stand, from Bogert Aviation, bog-17-lgss - Chief Aircraft Inc.
Be safe! Protect your investment!
The Landing Gear Safety Stand is a must! Anyone who has seen a plane slip of a jack knows it isn't a pretty sight and can be expensive.
The stand slips on over the axle whenever the wheel is removed. Put the nut back on and the plane can't slip off the stand. It adjusts for height with a quick release pin.
The wide, stable "H" base is made from one-inch heavy gauge square steel tubing for strength, safety and durability. The stand is finished in an attractive catalyzed acrylic enamel paint.


Health Navigator announced today that it has expanded its base of client partners with several new collaborations in the telemedicine and digital health categories. New Health Navigator clients include TytoCare; Lytic, Inc.; Global Excel Management; NextGen Health Solutions; and The Medical Concierge Group.
TytoCare – TytoCare is a worldwide, medical device, telemedicine company. Their innovative solution enables patients to perform medical examinations on demand, with a doctor, from the comfort of home. Health Navigator's symptom checker will provide an extra level of guidance to help patients determine which exams to capture and share with a doctor and provide doctors with more information about a patient's symptoms prior to an exam or consult.
Lytic, Inc. Lytic's end-to-end patient support system offers intelligent symptom checking (powered by Health Navigator), personalized fitness, diet, and medication reminders, and channels into telemedicine and in-person care teams. Patients, health plans, and healthcare systems are all supported by Lytic. Lytic's multi-channel and easy-to-use health management platform increases patient engagement, improves health outcomes by focusing on long-term care management, and reduces costs associated with unnecessary and preventable healthcare services.
To learn more about Health Navigator and its client partners, or to request a demo, visit http://www.healthnavigator.com.
Based in La Grange, Ill., Health Navigator is a privately owned health information company that provides a sophisticated, comprehensive telehealth experience, from the chief complaint to the final diagnosis. The Health Navigator platform uses complex databases and a diagnostic engine to capture, organize and present a more efficient virtual encounter for health care providers, e-Health companies and patients. To learn more, visit http://www.healthnavigator.com. Follow on LinkedIn.


Minister of Communications Technology, Mrs. Omobola Johnson, has disclosed that an estimated 6. 2 million e-commerce related jobs will be created between now and 2015.
Johnson noted that the contribution of ICT industry to the GDP is 7.5 percent and the country is already witnessing increasing participation of indigenous companies like Jumia Nigeria and others.
The minister made this assertion at the first Annual eCommerce Conference hosted by Jumia.com in Lagos, with theme: 'eCommerce and ICT in Nigeria: an Engine for Job Creation and Economic Growth', in commeration of its first year anniversary.
She stressed that the developing ICT ecosystem in the country is a wonderful opportunity which increases percentage of local content in products and services.
According to her: "In a less fragmented industry with strong growth across most sectors, , an estimated 6.2 million jobs will be created by e-commerce and the contribution of ICT industry to the GDP is 7.5 percent by 2015. The ICT is the primary driver of growth of the Nigerian economy and we are already witnessing increasing participation of indigenous companies and Jumia is one of them.


This documentary is a joint production with Fork the Man. Through Air and Water is the story of Will Forman, a WWII fighter pilot who after the war designed the first American deep sea submersible for the Navy, Deep Jeep. At 90 years old, Will is training to hike Angel's Landing in Utah and is building a model sub to test a design he proposed 50 years ago. Will reflects upon his past and shares a unique perspective on life while looking ahead to his future.
Chicago Filmmakers is our fiscal sponsor, any donations to this film through Chicago Filmmakers is tax deductible. To support this feature film, visit here.


text:
Neutral Article Reveals 5 New Issues About Columbian Girls That Nobody Is Talking About
Por Quality2000Em Sem categoriaPostou outubro 21, 2021
Julia says the reality that the present administration has been a critic of the peace accords has made matters worse. Often, she says, people will report the collective to the police to set off an investigation and additional intimidate them – notably in environmental instances. sixty five Even although it included some affirmative actions for ladies in the land restitution process, corresponding to precedence in the processing of their claims and joint titling, the connection between land, gender and the surroundings was missing. To summarize the background briefly, in November 2016 the Colombian government and the guerrilla Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia signed a peace agreement to place an finish to five decades of armed battle in the nation. In this context of constitutional and authorized recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in Colombia and the enforcement of their rights to ancestral lands, the interior armed conflict has been growing for decades. The Colombian State has been a pioneer within the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples. We girls have been trampled over in our territory and anywhere by the totally different groups, the legal and unlawful armed teams, who kidnap us, kill, rape and humiliate us … leaving as a consequence of those actions the deterioration of the social fabric around us.
United Nations System Press Release, 7 May 2005, Office in Colombia of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Indigenous reservations are the collective property of indigenous communities in favor of which they're constituted. Pursuant to Articles sixty three and 329 of the Political Constitution, they're inalienable, imprescriptible and non-attachable. Additionally, by advantage of Law 21 of 1991, Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries was enacted as a Law in Colombia. Similarly, there's in depth legislation that authorizes the implementation of the recognized rights each within the Political Constitution as within the ILO Convention 169. Accordingly, it is very important stress the jurisprudence issued by the Constitutional Court of Colombia, a physique that has ruled on totally different issues involving the rights of indigenous peoples. According to official statistics, some 855 indigenous folks have been murdered between 1998 and September 2004 and the OACNUDH reported that "over one hundred indigenous individuals and authorities were murdered".
While the compensation may influence the order during which links and data appear on our platform, it doesn't affect the way in which we analyze and review courting companies. Please, do not think about the order during which we publish links and data on our web site as a promotion. The womenandtravel.net web site doesn't and cannot provide evaluations of all dating services within the industry. There are different companies you ought to use alongside those examined by our staff. What do you know about Colombia in addition to it's one of the international leaders of espresso manufacturing; it's a country with an enormous cultural and historical heritage; it's a homeland for Pablo Escobar; it's a place the place carnivals happen on a regular basis, etc. When we attempt to bear in mind one thing about Colombia, solely coffee and drug trafficking come to mind; nevertheless, this nation has many features to boast of.
You can find Colombian mail order brides on mail-order websites however any platforms with one or more of the characteristics mentioned above should be prevented. Colombian women are very confident they usually imagine in their talents. When courting, they keep true to their partners as a result of they were raised to prioritize the happiness of their family members. Guys love trustworthy ladies and thus, they are attracted to Colombian women.
There are plenty of locations to fulfill Bogota ladies learn this article to know extra. Once you get previous the intimidating facade, you will have plenty of fun to look forward to with these free-spirited and fun-loving beauties. Here are the ten greatest cities for finding these girls and what every has to offer. Euthanasia was decriminalized in 1997 in the case of terminal sickness, when the affected person suffered plenty latinowomen.org/colombian-women of ache, requested it voluntarily and was carried out by a health care provider. But the government didn't give a regulation that might enable it till April 20, 2015. However, not everybody in the household had supported the plan, primarily for non secular causes. "With my mom the issue has been more difficult," Sepúlveda mentioned, "but I assume that deep down she also understands it."
The Colombian usually has a powerful spirit and doesn't need to surrender with no struggle. "A lean compromise is best than a fat lawsuit" – this saying describes someone else, not her. In other words, if this girl doesn't like something, she will certainly let you understand – little doubt about it. You, too, shouldn't be the one who always agrees to every little thing your girlfriend says. She needs to hear your trustworthy opinion even in relation to subjects that aren't very nice. Betsabé Espinal is remembered for having led the primary strike of feminine workers in 1920.
Because of #6, it is exhausting to determine the importance is of your cash for the woman in entrance of you.
Such habits is sort of logical for all Western girls.
The term 'environmental peacebuilding' refers broadly to the concentrate on the relationships between the environment, peace and cooperation.
Traditionally, Colombian brides and grooms don't have bridesmaids and groomsmen like couples in the West.
They put on seductive garments, excessive heels, and have much make-up daily.
She doesn't just love flippantly; she loves wholeheartedly.
They have naturally alluring bodies on account of working from childhood and actively being involved in exercise and different bodily actions.
Therefore, there is not any doubt that the armed conflict has harmed black women's emotions, their ancestral legitimacy, their creativity to type and generate life, their cultural id and their love for their territory. Several legal guidelines have been enacted to forestall and punish violence towards women, like Law 1257 in 2008.
Young ones, Work and Columbian Women
This stepping-stone will no doubt be an necessary side because the case develops. As we now have argued above, recognition of the Awa as victims offers a chance to consider how women and men are related to and stay with ecosystems, and how these connections and relationships with nature have been affected by the conflict. Regarding compliance, most progress in relation to gender has been made around the investigation, prosecution, redress and assure of non-repetition of crimes related to the armed conflict.
The role of Colombian brides has changed significantly over the past few a long time within the better sense. Women at the second are in management positions and spend extra time at work. The excellent news is that most hot Colombian women are still fully family-oriented. Therefore, spending time with children continues to be crucial for them.
When the resettlement is in shelters, women's privateness is affected, because these locations are often not tailored to satisfying private hygiene needs, or privateness in any respect, and sometimes there is harassment and abuse of younger women by the males. In the case of displaced individuals, there is not a differentiated care for women.
You`ll discover it instantly as they spend plenty of time with their family members. Gatherings, dinners, weddings, birthdays, Christmas, and a huge variety of other occasions to see each other are never uncared for. So it`s inconceivable to really feel lonely in a tradition like that. Her household and friends will become your family and friends. Last September, two graying fighters in the hemisphere's longest-running armed battle consented to a clumsy handshake. Ernesto Londoño wrotein the New York Times that he watched Juan Manuel Santos and Timoleón Jiménez, alias "Timochenko," head negotiator for the FARC, shake palms "in surprised silence," astonished at the diplomatic successes of Colombia's 4 years of peace talks. On the evening of October 2nd, international observers reacted as quickly as again in shocked silence—this time, nevertheless, as a end result of the prospects for peace had been thwarted by a wholly sudden end result.
They know how to look on the optimistic facet in any situation. They exude positivity and so they show it in their honest smiles. You ought to never look down on them, as their persistent attitude keeps them going.
First, women and feminist groups call for extra representation on the 'National Dialogue' between the federal government and the National Strike Committee Leadership. They urge for the mixing of a women's agenda, in addition to gender parity in illustration of the parties. Second, they demand the dismantling of the anti-riot police and the definition of a complete National Police reform, which aims to restructure the police pressure following protocols to guarantee and defend human rights.
What Makes Ukraine Girl, remove?
Updates On Immediate Solutions Of Ap Lit Free Response Sample Essays

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cortana: No More Google Search:Windows recent blog has confirmed that Cortana will no more search google for any search you make, also remove the option to use any browser other than Edge, and any search engine other than Bing as it integrated with Cortana. Which means you will not able to search thing with Cortana in Google search page it will search on Bing search engine.
Blog has titled with 'Protecting the Integrated Search Experience in Windows 10', Microsoft claims that some software programs have been redirecting users to search providers not designed to work with Cortana. By adopting this step gives user non friendly environment to search user most beloved search engine Google.
Microsoft wanted give end-to-end search experience for user to search with Cortana and use Edge browser. Microsoft starting this changes maybe today onwards which ensure Microsoft to integrate search experience designed for Windows 10. We can see that Edge is the only browser which has integrated Cortana facility.
As we see Bing search engine which is good fast and show many of result we ask for but as we compared it with Google search is phenomenal in terms of search Bing has no match for it. Microsoft is doing this to give it's OS feel overall UI and by this step the guarantee consumers use their browser and search products is if they make them the only options within Cortana.
As Google Chrome is growing in demand among user and Edge nearly taking seat and Internet Explorer is loosing market share. Microsoft is seeking to protect its own programs by making these necessary steps. Costumers can install other browser in Windows 10 and set Google as a default search engine. But they can't able to get access to use Cortana.
Microsoft edge is also very user friendly as far as it facilitates well and reduces the load for any pdf supporting softwares at the same time.


text:
No, Solar Variations Can't Account for the Current Global Warming Trend. Here's Why:
In part I of this series on the sun and Earth's climate, I covered the characteristics of the sun's 11 and 22 year cycles, the observed laws which describe the behavior of the sunspot cycle, how proxy data is used to reconstruct a record of solar cycles of the past, Grand Solar Maxima and Minima, the relationship between Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and the sunspot cycle, and the relevance of these factors to earth's climate system. In part II, I went over the structure of the sun, and some of the characteristics of each layer, which laid the groundwork for part III, in which I explained the solar dynamo: the physical mechanism underlying solar cycles, which I expanded upon in part IV, in which I talked about some common approaches to solar dynamo modeling, including Mean Field Theory. This installment covers how all of that relates to climate change and the current warming trend. (more…)
By Credible Hulk, 6 years January 17, 2017 ago
Milankovitch Cycles and Climate: Part III – Putting it All Together
In parts I and II, we looked at axial obliquity, axial precession, apsidal precession, orbital eccentricity and orbital inclination, and how their cycles can affect the climate. In this installment of the series, we'll look briefly at how these cycles look when combined, and then discuss one of the most prominent unsolved problems raised by the theory: The 100,000 Year problem.
Notice that the peaks and valleys in temperature are roughly periodic, and that with the possible exception of apsidal precession, there are slight fluctuations in the periods and amplitudes of these orbital cycles. One reason for this has to do with fluctuations in solar output, but another likely reason has to do with the very causes of these orbital cycles themselves: namely, these cycles are driven by mutual gravitational perturbations between the Earth, Sun, Moon, and to a lesser extent, Jupiter and the other planets in the solar system (Borisenkov 1985, Spiegel 2010) . (more…)
By Credible Hulk, 6 years October 13, 2016 ago
Milankovitch Cycles and Climate: Part I – Axial Tilt and Precession
The theory of Milankovitch cycles is named after Serbian astronomer and geophysicist, Milutin Milanković, who in the 1920s postulated three cyclical movement patterns related to Earth's orbit and rotation and their resultant effects on the Earth's climate. These cycles include axial tilt (obliquity), elliptical eccentricity, and axial precession. In aggregate, these cycles contribute to profound long term changes in earth's climate via orbital forcing.
Axial Obliquity:
The Earth's rotational axis is always tilted slightly; currently, its axis is about 23.4 degrees from the vertical. Alternatively, you could say that its equatorial plane is tilted about 23.4 degrees relative to its orbital plane. This tilt is responsible for Earth's seasons. During the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer, Earth is further away from the Sun than it is during the NH winter due to its slightly elliptical orbit, yet it receives more sunlight because it's tilted towards the Sun. During this same time period, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is tilted away from the Sun, which is why NH summer coincides with SH Winter and vice versa. Contrastingly, during the NH winter, the Earth is closer to the Sun, yet receives less sunlight because it's tilted away from it. During that same period, the SH is tilted towards the Sun, and is thus experiencing summer. (more…)


text:
Q: Parallel processing in shiny app i have a shiny app that produces plotly maps with info about specific characteristics of us counties. The app works fine but it takes 40sec in order to create a map every time i call one. I use a reactive expression (rt2) with if and else if in order to do the pre-processing Is there a way to do some kind of parallel processing or something like this to save time?
Sample of dataset
County_ID County_Name        EQI    air_EQI  water_EQI   land_EQI sociod_EQI
      <int>       <chr>      <dbl>      <dbl>      <dbl>      <dbl>      <dbl>
1      1001 Autauga, AL  0.0041379  0.9553846 -1.1097280 -0.7065906  0.6704357
2      1003 Baldwin, AL  0.2002343  0.7179643 -0.5659107 -1.0842990  0.5530728
3      1005 Barbour, AL -0.9506388  0.1310074 -0.9780902 -1.2814700 -1.2362940
4      1007    Bibb, AL -1.0889200  0.0652890 -0.9681726 -0.8274103 -0.6000178
5      1009  Blount, AL -0.5139221  0.4021944 -0.7186447 -0.6229339  0.2965088
6      1011 Bullock, AL -2.0828290 -0.3091858 -1.4513350 -1.2580140 -1.8239700

ui.r
library(plotly)
library(shiny)
library(tidyr)
library(maps)
library(shinydashboard)
library(viridis)
library(ggplot2)

ui <- navbarPage(
  title="Computational Modelling and Investigation of Neuropsychiatric Disease (MIND)",
  tabPanel("Home Tab",
           sidebarLayout(
             sidebarPanel(

               uiOutput("selectcol11"),
               uiOutput("selectsol11")
             ),
             mainPanel(plotlyOutput("plot2")))))

server.r
    server <- function(input, output) {

output$selectcol11<-renderUI({
        selectInput("selectcol11","Select Measure",choices = c("EQI","air_EQI","water_EQI",
                                                                     "land_EQI","sociod_EQI","built_EQI","good_days","bad_days" ),selected = "EQI")
      })
 output$selectsol11<- renderUI({
            sliderInput("selectsol11", "Select Resolution",
                        min = 2, max = 7, value = 5,step =1)})

            rt2 <- reactive({
                if(input$selectcol11== "EQI"){
                foo <- cbind(data.frame(do.call('rbind', strsplit(as.character(df$County_Name),',',fixed=TRUE))),df[,c(1,3:10)])
                colnames(foo)[1] <- "County"
                colnames(foo)[2] <- "State"

                foo1 <- map_data("county")

                eqi1 <- foo %>%
                  group_by(County) %>%
                  summarise(EQI = sum(EQI))
                eqi10 <- foo %>%
                  group_by(County) %>%
                  summarise(County_ID = sum(County_ID))
                eqi<- cbind(eqi1,eqi10[,2])
                eqi$County <- tolower(eqi$County) # matching string
                foo1_eqi <- merge(foo1, eqi, by.x = "subregion", by.y = "County")
                foo1_eqi
                final.plot1<-foo1_eqi[order(foo1_eqi$order), ]
                final.plot1$County_Name_ID <- with(final.plot1, paste("County:",subregion, '
', "County_ID:", County_ID ))
                final.plot1
                }
                else if(input$selectcol11== "air_EQI"){
                  foo <- cbind(data.frame(do.call('rbind', strsplit(as.character(df$County_Name),',',fixed=TRUE))),df[,c(1,3:10)])
                  colnames(foo)[1] <- "County"
                  colnames(foo)[2] <- "State"

                  foo1 <- map_data("county")

                  eqi1 <- foo %>%
                    group_by(County) %>%
                    summarise(air_EQI = sum(air_EQI))
                  eqi10 <- foo %>%
                    group_by(County) %>%
                    summarise(County_ID = sum(County_ID))
                  eqi<- cbind(eqi1,eqi10[,2])
                  eqi$County <- tolower(eqi$County) # matching string
                  foo1_eqi <- merge(foo1, eqi, by.x = "subregion", by.y = "County")
                  foo1_eqi
                  final.plot1<-foo1_eqi[order(foo1_eqi$order), ]
                  final.plot1$County_Name_ID <- with(final.plot1, paste("County:",subregion, '
', "County_ID:", County_ID ))
                  final.plot1
                }
            })

            output$plot2 <- renderPlotly ({
                p<-  ggplot(rt2(), aes(x = long, y = lat, group=group,text=County_Name_ID,fill = cut_number(rt2()[,7],input$selectsol11)))
                p<- p+  geom_polygon(colour=alpha("black", 1/2))
                p<- p+coord_equal()
                p<- p+  viridis::scale_fill_viridis(discrete = TRUE)
                p<- p+ scale_fill_discrete("Measure Density")
                ggplotly(p, tooltip = c("County_Name_ID"))
              })
            }

A: Since I cannot reproduce the example, I cannot know what takes time in your app. So I would suggest you to do some profiling while running your application : there is a tool available directly in Rstudio -

->  "start profiling"  and then run your application
-> "stop profiling" when the app has loaded.

From that, you will be able to see what is the part that takes most time (or memory).
With what you showed, I'd suggest it is the foo1 <- map_data("county") that should take most computation time. Hence, if this is the case you should find out how to speed up this function or find another function. For map_data(), I don't think it is relevant to implement parallel processing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thank you very much. Great job. A possible update is always justified, and ideas as to what goes into one if it is made. There's always ideas for adding to future updates, whether or not they do, is another matter.
Page created in 1.471 seconds with 19 queries.


finding farm is a platform that finds stuff on your behalf. Our goal is to help you spend less time searching, managing aggregators, and filtering results. In other words, we want to bring you just the stuff you're interested in.
We created finding farm because it was getting increasingly difficult to follow specific topics spread across the internet. We wanted something easier and more personalized. If you agree, check out our sample feed.
Or try the sample feed to see how it works.


Help local kids grow up to be strong and healthy.
Milk helps supplement meals and ensure all kids receive the nutrition needed to build strong bones and focus in school. This simple gift can make a world of difference for low-income kids in Northern BC by providing one month of milk to one child.


Molluscan fauna, dealt with diversity and abundance of gastropods and bivalves in Bang Taboon mangrove estuary, Inner Gulf of Thailand was investigated seasonally. Totally 3,337 individuals, representing 18 species (6 bivalves and 12 gastropods) with two dominant species, Assiminea brevicula and Tegillarca granosa. The mean density of overall molluscs was 11.79±0.47 n/m2, recorded in September. The highest value of diversity was 0.78±0.53, recorded in March. The most species-rich and individuals were recorded in the large mudflat within intertidal mangrove zone and formed a distinct community structure in the vegetated area at 15 cm depth. Results from the Analysis of the Similarity (ANOSIM) showed a clearly significant difference of species diversity and abundance at different areas, depths and seasons (P = 0.001). Although Bang Taboon estuary is impacted by human activities, the habitat remains an important nursery ground for numerous molluscs including many commercial species. The findings of this study can be taken as a base data that would help maximizing mangrove and fisheries resources conservation and utilization in a sustainable way in Bang Taboon estuary and adjacent areas in the inner Gulf of Thailand.


text:
#pragma once

#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <functional>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <unordered_map>

#include "mcrouter/CallbackPool.h"
#include "mcrouter/ConfigApiIf.h"

namespace folly {
struct dynamic;
} // folly

namespace facebook { namespace memcache {

class McrouterOptions;

namespace mcrouter {

class FileDataProvider;

/**
 * Incapsulates logic of fetching configs from files.
 */
class ConfigApi : public ConfigApiIf {
 public:
  typedef std::function<void()> Callback;
  typedef CallbackPool<>::CallbackHandle CallbackHandle;

  static const char* const kFilePrefix;

  explicit ConfigApi(const McrouterOptions& opts);

  /**
   * Subscribe a callback that will be called whenever some files changed
   *
   * @return Callback handle that is used to unsubsribe. Once the handle is
   *         destroyed provided callback won't be called anymore.
   */
  CallbackHandle subscribe(Callback callback);

  /**
   * Reads config from 'path'.
   *
   * @return true on success, false otherwise
   */
  bool get(ConfigType type, const std::string& path,
           std::string& contents) override;

  /**
   * All files we 'get' after this call will be marked as 'tracked'. Once
   * we call 'subscribeToTrackedSources', we'll receive updates only for
   * 'tracked' files.
   */
  void trackConfigSources();

  /**
   * Changes set of files we're observing to 'tracked' files.
   */
  virtual void subscribeToTrackedSources();

  /**
   * Discard 'tracked' files, keep observing files we had before
   * 'trackConfigSources' call.
   */
  virtual void abandonTrackedSources();

  /**
   * Reads configuration file according to mcrouter options.
   *
   * @param[out] config Will contain contents of configuration file on success
   * @param[out] path Will contain path of configuration file we tried to read
   * @return true on success, false otherwise
   */
  bool getConfigFile(std::string& config, std::string& path) override;

  /**
   * @return dynamic object with information about files used in configuration.
   */
  virtual folly::dynamic getConfigSourcesInfo();

  /**
   * Starts observing for file changes
   */
  virtual void startObserving();

  /**
   * Stops observing for file changes
   */
  virtual void stopObserving(pid_t pid) noexcept;

  virtual ~ConfigApi();

 protected:
  const McrouterOptions& opts_;
  CallbackPool<> callbacks_;
  std::atomic<bool> tracking_;

  /**
   * Informs whether this is the first time mcrouter is being configured.
   */
  bool isFirstConfig() const;

  /**
   * @return true, if files have update since last call, false otherwise
   */
  virtual bool checkFileUpdate();

 private:
  struct FileInfo {
    std::string path;
    std::string md5;
    ConfigType type{ConfigType::ConfigFile};
    std::unique_ptr<FileDataProvider> provider;
    time_t lastMd5Check{0}; // last hash check in seconds since epoch

    bool checkMd5Changed();
  };
  /// file path -> FileInfo
  std::unordered_map<std::string, FileInfo> fileInfos_;
  std::unordered_map<std::string, FileInfo> trackedFiles_;

  std::thread configThread_;
  std::mutex fileInfoMutex_;

  std::mutex finishMutex_;
  std::condition_variable finishCV_;
  std::atomic<bool> finish_;

  bool isFirstConfig_{true};

  void configThreadRun();
};

}}} // facebook::memcache::mcrouter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
@interface BraintreeDemoContainmentViewController : UIViewController

@end


text:
Q: volume keys not working in ubuntu 22.04 I recently installed Ubuntu-22.04 Jellyfish. Earlier volume increase, decrease and mute were working just fine. However, from yesterday - I cannot increase/decrease the volume from keyboard keys. Also, Please have a look at below image- output does't show any device.
enter image description here

A: Adam's solution works for me here
sudo touch /usr/share/pipewire/media-session.d/with-pulseaudio
systemctl --user restart pipewire-session-manager


text:
China's draft foreign investment law bans forced tech transfer, emphasises reciprocity
Thursday, 27 Dec 2018 01:35 PM MYT
Chinese flag waves in front of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing October 29, 2015. — Reuters pic
BEIJING, Dec 27 — China has proposed a ban on forced technology transfer and illegal government "interference" in foreign business operations, practices that have come under the spotlight in a trade dispute with the United States.
A draft foreign investment law, the full text of which was published by the top legislature yesterday, comes as China tries to resolve its protracted standoff with the United States, which accuses it of unfair trade practices including intellectual property (IP) theft and forced IP transfer.
While China has frequently denied such accusations, it has pledged to improve market access for foreign investors and better protect their rights in the face of growing complaints and slower foreign investment.
The final draft law, with 39 articles, was far shorter than a version released in 2015, yet took a notably stronger line on IP protection.
"Official authorities and their staff shall not use administrative means to force the transfer of technology," the draft says.
That compares with a general statement that foreign firms' IP rights would be protected, in 2015.
As trade tension flares, there has been growing caution in countries like the United States and Germany about Chinese companies — backed by the state and flush with cash — obtaining advanced foreign technology through aggressive acquisitions abroad.
In an apparent move to emphasise reciprocity, the draft law said China would reserve the right to retaliate against countries that discriminate Chinese investment with "corresponding measures".
The draft law — the first of its kind — has been submitted to the National People's Congress Standing Committee, which began a session on Sunday, and will hold public consultations until February 24.
Once adopted, the law will replace three existing ones that regulate joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, although it will likely go through several readings before being submitted for formal approval, which could take another year or more.
Some law experts and business consultants remained sceptical about how far the law would protect foreign firms' interests, given a lack of rule of law in China.
"Laws in China on something like forced technology are paper; the reality may or may not match that paper," said Dan Harris, Seattle-based managing partner of law firm Harris Bricken, which helps firms navigate legal issues overseas including in China.
"I generally think that on something like this, past history is the best predictor of future performance, and few dispute that China has for the last 10 years been saying it would open up and it all but stopped about five years ago." — Reuters
Health Ministry starts last-phase Covid-19 vaccine trials in Malaysia
Huawei to open French plant in 2023
Xi warns Davos forum against 'new Cold War'


Yes, you can still buy CBD Oil in Hillview, Illinois today. This is made up of low-THC hemp, high-CBD, whereas medical marijuana products tend to be constructed from plants who have high psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. Since hemp only contains trace numbers of THC, they can be non-psychoactive hemp oil products in Hillview, Greene, IL.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over 85 cannabinoids that were found to be contained inside the cannabis plant and has the second highest amount of cannabinoid in marijuana following THC. However, in hemp, THC is there only in trace amounts, with CBD dominating the makeup from the plant. CBD is non-psychotropic and doesn't cause a high. It interacts using the body's naturally occurring systems. That means it is a less controversial and a safer option, while still providing significant benefits to all In Hillview, Greene.
Why Would Cannabidiol CBD Oil Supplements Be Employed In Hillview Greene, IL?
In recent years CBD has emerged as a compound that his highly desired. After receiving a lot of media exposure, such as the CNN special called "Weed" by Sanjay Gupta, they have taken over natural products industry. Since that point, CBD oil products have shown up in food markets in Hillview, Illinois, medical marijuana dispensaries and doctor's offices. No medical card is necessary to buy it.
How CBD interacts with our body is through the endocannabinoid system or endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). The endocannabinoid system was basically discovered through the late 1980's regulates the homeostasis of the body, or general balance state, which impacts functions for example immune response, pain, hormone regulation, appetite, sleep and mood. Much like an acrobat on an increased wire, our surrounding environment impacts our regular balance. This is certainly corrected with the endocannabinoid system by mediating the body's reaction so as to keep things level.
The endocannabinoid system is found in all mammals and is made up of numerous various cannabinoid receptor sites which can be primarily found through the entire immunity process (the CB2 receptors), central nervous system (the CB1 receptors) and brain that act within the neural communication.
The endocannabinoid system, however, doesn't rely only on phytocannabinoids or plant-based cannabinoids. The human body can certainly make its very own cannabinoids. 2-AG and Anandamide, which function in the similar strategy to CBD, will be the endocannabinoids of the body, which are created so that you can control communication between cells, to mediate the functions of the human body.
The endocannabinoid system from Hillview, Illinois clearly is among the human body's most essential regulatory systems. However, most of individual neglect to do much to assist the healthy of your system because of cannabinoids not being within the average diet.
The non-psychoactive of cannabis and naturally low-THC hemp plant, grows in many different countries around the world and then gets imported to the U.S. to be used in foods, natural supplements, building materials and textiles.
There are thousands of different unique hemp varieties in Hillview, Illinois. The cultivars are used for CBD oil contain higher concentrations of CBD in comparison to others. By utilizing these unique and potent plants, it will make extracting cannabis oil likely that contains significant cannabidiol levels, in addition to other non-psychoactive cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpenes, fatty acids, minerals and essential vitamins.
Within the last decade roughly, there have been more than 23,000 studies published by peer-reviewed medical journals that detail the effects of cannabinoids, cannabis oil and cannabis on the body.
With scientists, legislators, families have grown to be more conscious of potential of hemp CBD oil and cannabidiol, offers the supplement marketplace having a game-changing solution, which offers all of the benefits that CBD has, without having the high that marijuana offers, that are counted on by a huge number of individuals each and every day.
CBD Oil is a form of natural botanical extract that is derived from the common hemp plant. This part is clear and simple.
However, as a result of Usa regulatory limitations that correspond with processing and growing hemp, the procedure for delivering CBD hemp oil products to a customer's doorstep in Hillview, Illinois is becoming more advanced.
In the United states it is actually prohibited to increase hemp for commercial purposes, even with the 2014 Farm Bill was passed. Approved excellent reasons to growing hemp is limited to pilot programs with regards to research needs. Although hemp corps have finally been planted such states as Minnesota, West Virginia and Kentucky for the very first time within the last half century. So Usa hemp cultivation includes a extended way to go before it is able to meet current domestic demand.
This is why all of those finished hemp goods the truth is available accessible in the Usa, from material materials, to clothing and food products, which are participate in the imported hemp industry has now surpassed $500 million a year. The size of the key industry for this is amongst the main catalysts for the legalization for hemp in the usa. Hemp is actually a renewable source for a variety of products, and provides an exciting new phase for American agriculture.
Hence the hemp that is utilized for creating our prime CBD products that are available to those in Hillview, Illinois, especially in Illinois inside the Usa in cultivated in several countries around the world. That is why the hemp that is used in our CBD oil products arises from farms in Europe. And simply any hemp crop can be used – specific hemp plant cultivars from the hemp plant are important for yielding another that is sufficient for CBD Hemp Oil.
Where To Buy CBD Oil In Colfax, McLean, Illinois?
Where To Buy CBD Oil In Mansfield, Piatt, Illinois?
Where To Buy CBD Oil In Carlinville, Macoupin, Illinois?
Where To Buy CBD Oil In Stonington, Christian, Illinois?
Where To Buy CBD Oil In Golf, Cook, Illinois?


text:
Athletic Training, Therapy, and Rehabilitation (17)
Psychology and Behavior in Sport/Exercise (11)
"cross-country skiing" x
Sport and Exercise Science/Kinesiology x
Page:1234567
The Interval-Based Physiological and Mechanical Demands of Cross-Country Ski Training
Pål Haugnes, Jan Kocbach, Harri Luchsinger, Gertjan Ettema and Øyvind Sandbakk
speed in the uphill terrain, and logically follows the pattern found in previous research. 6 , 9 Table 3 Speed and Work Rate (in Absolute Values and Percentage of the Maximal Speed/Work Rate Achieved in the Same Section) for Representative Uphill and Flat Sections During 5-km Cross-Country Skiing With
In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 14 (2019): Issue 10 (Nov 2019)
The Contribution From Cross-Country Skiing and Shooting Variables on Performance-Level and Sex Differences in Biathlon World Cup Individual Races
Harri Luchsinger, Jan Kocbach, Gertjan Ettema and Øyvind Sandbakk
Biathlon is an Olympic winter sport, where 3 or 5 (0.8–4 km) laps of cross-country skiing using the skating technique is interspersed with 5-shot series of rifle shooting, alternating between the prone or standing position. One of the traditional racing formats is the individual distance
Relationship between Glide Speed and Olympic Cross-Country Ski Performance
Glenn M. Street and Robert W. Gregory
While the scientific literature has confirmed the importance of high maximal aerobic power to successful cross-country skiing performance, the same cannot be said of skiing technique or gliding characteristics of skis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glide speed was related to Olympic race performance. Male competitors in the 50-km freestyle event were videotaped during the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. Glide speeds of the entire field were measured through a 20-m flat section at the bottom of a 150-m, 12° downhill. A significant correlation (r = -.73) was found between finish time and glide speed, showing that the more successful competitors tended to have faster glide speeds through this section of the course. A predictive model of glide speed suggested that the faster glide speeds were due primarily to differences in friction. There was little evidence to suggest that differences in air drag, body mass, or initial speed accounted for the major differences in glide speeds.
In Journal of Applied Biomechanics Volume 10 (1994): Issue 4 (Jan 1994)
Kinematic Analysis of Alternate Stride Skating in Cross-Country Skiing
Gerald A. Smith, Jill McNitt-Gray and Richard C. Nelson
Cross-country ski technique is undergoing rapid evolution. Alternate stride skating was the dominant technique during the 1985–86 racing season (double poling is synchronized with the "strong" side skate; no poling occurs with the "weak" side skate). High-speed films were made of elite male racers at the Holmenkollen World Cup races, Oslo, Norway (March 1986), skating up a 7° hill. Digitized data were filtered and processed to determine three-dimensional coordinates throughout a complete skating cycle. Ten skiers were analyzed, representing a range of performances. Over the 10-km race length, cycle rates for all skiers were similar; however, cycle lengths were significantly related to cycle velocity. The correlation between cycle velocity and length was r = 0.85. Ski angles were found to be asymmetrical. Weak-side ski angles were negatively related to cycle velocity; strong-side ski angles were similar for all skiers. Center of mass (CM) position throughout the cycle exhibited characteristic differences between faster and slower skiers. CM velocity vector direction was related to cycle velocity. Thus, faster skiers tended to maintain CM motion more nearly aligned with the forward direction.
In Journal of Applied Biomechanics Volume 4 (1988): Issue 1 (Jan 1988)
Cross-Country Skiing and Postexercise Heart-Rate Recovery
Laurent Mourot, Nicolas Fabre, Erik Andersson, Sarah Willis, Martin Buchheit and Hans-Christer Holmberg
Postexercise heart-rate (HR) recovery (HRR) indices have been associated with running and cycling endurance-exercise performance. The current study was designed (1) to test whether such a relationship also exists in the case of cross-country skiing (XCS) and (2) to determine whether the magnitude of any such relationship is related to the intensity of exercise before obtaining HRR indices. Ten elite male cross-country skiers (mean ± SD; 28.2 ± 5.4 y, 181 ± 8 cm, 77.9 ± 9.4 kg, 69.5 ± 4.3 mL · min−1 · kg−1 maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]) performed 2 sessions of roller-skiing on a treadmill: a 2 × 3-km time trial and the same 6-km at an imposed submaximal speed followed by a final 800-m time trial. VO2 and HR were monitored continuously, while HRR and blood lactate (BLa) were assessed during 2 min immediately after each 6-km and the 800-m time trial. The 6-km time-trial time was largely negatively correlated with VO2max and BLa. On the contrary, there was no clear correlation between the 800-m time-trial time and VO2, HR, or BLa. In addition, in no case was any clear correlation between any of the HRR indices and performance time or VO2max observed. These findings confirm that XCS performance is largely correlated with VO2max and the ability to tolerate high levels of BLa; however, postexercise HRR showed no clear association with performance. The homogeneity of the group of athletes involved and the contribution of the arms and upper body to the exercise preceding determination of HRR may explain this absence of a relationship.
Effects of Active Versus Passive Recovery in Sprint Cross-Country Skiing
Thomas Losnegard, Martin Andersen, Matt Spencer and Jostein Hallén
To investigate the effects of an active and a passive recovery protocol on physiological responses and performance between 2 heats in sprint cross-country skiing.
Ten elite male skiers (22 ± 3 y, 184 ± 4 cm, 79 ± 7 kg) undertook 2 experimental test sessions that both consisted of 2 heats with 25 min between start of the first and second heats. The heats were conducted as an 800-m time trial (6°, >3.5 m/s, ~205 s) and included measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) and accumulated oxygen deficit. The active recovery trial involved 2 min standing/walking, 16 min jogging (58% ± 5% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. The passive recovery trial involved 15 min sitting, 3 min walk/jog (~ 30% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were monitored throughout the recovery periods.
The increased 800-m time between heat 1 and heat 2 was trivial after active recovery (effect size [ES] = 0.1, P = .64) and small after passive recovery (ES = 0.4, P = .14). The 1.2% ± 2.1% (mean ± 90% CL) difference between protocols was not significant (ES = 0.3, P = .3). In heat 2, peak and average VO2 was increased after the active recovery protocol.
Neither passive recovery nor running at ~58% of VO2peak between 2 heats changed performance significantly.
Is There an Optimal Pole Length for Double Poling in Cross Country Skiing?
Franziska Onasch, Anthony Killick and Walter Herzog
Cross country ski racing is divided into classic and skating races, which both require different skills from athletes. One thing they have in common is the double poling action, occurring in combination with skating push-off or classic striding patterns, or in isolation, as the only propulsive
In Journal of Applied Biomechanics Volume 33 (2017): Issue 3 (Jun 2017)
The Effect of Maximal Speed Ability, Pacing Strategy, and Technique on the Finish Sprint of a Sprint Cross-Country Skiing Competition
Pål Haugnes, Per-Øyvind Torvik, Gertjan Ettema, Jan Kocbach and Øyvind Sandbakk
manifestations of localized muscular fatigue in humans . Crit Rev Biomed Eng . 1984 ; 11 ( 4 ): 251 – 279 . PubMed ID: 6391814 14. Zory R , Millet G , Schena F , Bortolan L , Rouard A . Fatigue induced by a cross-country skiing KO sprint . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2006 ; 38 ( 12 ): 2144 – 2150
Force Measurements during Cross-Country Skiing
Paavo V. Komi
To understand cross-country (X-C) siding it is important to record and identity forces of skis and poles separately and together. They both contribute to the forward progression, but their functional significance may be more complex than that of the ground reaction forces in running and walking. This report presents two methods to record forces on skis and poles during normal X-C skiing. A long force-platform system with four rows of 6-m long plates is placed under the snow track for recording of Fz and Fy forces of each ski and pole separately. This system is suitable especially for the study of diagonal technique under more strict experimental conditions. The second system consists of small lightweight Fz and Fy component force plates which are installed under the boot and binding. These plates can be easily changed from one ski to another, and telemetric recording allows free skiing over long distances and with different skiing techniques, including skating. The presentation emphasizes the integrated use of either system together with simultaneous cinematographic and electromyographic recordings.
Force Measurement in Cross-Country Skiing
Javin C. Pierce, Malcolm H. Pope, Per Renstrom, Robert J. Johnson, Janet Dufek and Charles Dillman
A method for measuring the forces between the shoe and ski and upon the pole has been developed. Instrumented skis and poles are used with a portable data acquisition system that is carried by the skier in the field. Elite, top-level collegiate, and citizen skiers were used as subjects. Skiers performed the diagonal stride, and a marathon skate. Axial force levels at the forefoot were found to reach 164%, and 120% of body weight in the diagonal skate strides, respectively.


text:
Home News Former UConn student, Sigma Chi Gamma Omega brother dies
Former UConn student, Sigma Chi Gamma Omega brother dies
Luke Hajdasz
A post shared by UConn Sigma Chi (@sigmachiuconn)
Former University of Connecticut student and Sigma Chi Gamma Omega fraternity brother Ryan Rogers died on October 3 at the age of 23.
"Gamma Omega mourns the loss of Brother Ryan Rogers," an Instagram post by Sigma Chi said Tuesday. "Ryan was an intellect and a kind-hearted individual. He possessed many values that perpetuate fidelity, courtesy, and affection within a relationship and he always found a way to bring the best out of someone."
Rogers, of Avon, attended UConn for about a year and a half but has not been enrolled since spring 2018, according to UConn spokesperson Stephanie Reitz.
Class of 2019 graduate Alden Piper was roommates with Rogers his sophomore year in Chandler Hall in West Campus. He recalled fond memories of what he called his "best friend."
"In the center of the quad sat a gazebo that no one really paid much attention to until Ryan started going there," Piper said. "Slowly more and more people would come and enjoy Ryan's company until it became a nightly activity to pay the gazebo a visit. Ryan made everyone feel comfortable; he told jokes, and expressed genuine interest in your well being. He was a transfer student, yet he made everyone feel right at home."
According to his obituary, Rogers died unexpectedly. Rogers graduated from Avon High School in 2015 and was the captain of their football team.
A GoFundMe has been set up in Rogers's memory. All donations will go to Shatterproof, a Norwalk, Connecticut-based nonprofit dedicated to helping those suffering from addiction. At the time of writing, total donations amount to $2,660, $660 above the $2,000 goal.
Rogers is survived by his parents, Bruce and Mary, a brother, Christopher and a sister, Meaghan.
"Ryan had a genuine soul that touched the hearts of everyone he encountered," his obituary said. "He had an uncanny ability to connect with people from all walks of life and always prioritized the feelings of others before his own."
Sigma Chi Gamma Omega
UConn students
Students react to finals week quickly approaching
In Memoriam: UConn mourns loss of Emeritus Engineering Professor Peter Luh
Student reactions are mixed on Daylight Saving Time
Students rally for a Fossil Fuel Free UConn
UConn students unite in the fight for environmental justice


text:
Linecrew | Snakeguns | Hassle Free Promos
Linemen News: April
Highlights from the World of Linemen News
Here are some industry news and information articles from around the web, just for you.
GridEx III Showcases Steady Improvements on Participation, Coordination
The GridEx III report, which was released at the end of March, reviewed findings from the scenario to measure attainment of exercise goals, and includes feedback from GridEx III participants. GridEx III planners designed the large-scale cyber and physical attack scenario to overwhelm even the most prepared participants. Read More
SDG&E Adding Energy Storage, Energy Efficiency Projects
San Diego Gas & Electric has signed a contract with Hecate Energy Bancroft, LLC for a new 20-megawatt (MW) energy storage facility that will be capable of storing enough electricity to power 28,000 homes for up to four hours. The company also contracted for 18.5 MW of energy efficiency projects with Willdan Energy Solutions, with the goal of launching measures to help customers' reduce energy usage in local buildings related to heating and air conditioning, refrigeration, lighting and other commercial features. Read More
Linemen Power Guatemalan Village
One in five people in the world have no access to electricity. Case in point: in a small rural village in Guatemala, 54 families were cooking their food over an open flame and illuminating their homes by candlelight.
Today, however, a lightbulb shines brightly inside and outside each dwelling—thanks to the hard manual labor by 10 linemen from four electric cooperatives. Last fall, the linemen spent more than two weeks framing poles, stringing wire, and setting up transformers in the village as part of a program supported by the Michigan Electric Cooperative Association and the NRECA International Foundation. Read More
Why Are Reclosers So Important for Reliability?
A first-of-its-kind workshop, Omicron Energy's New Trends in Reclosers and Testing— Enhancing the Reliability of the Grid event will bring together the "who's who" in reclosers, testing, and reliability. The workshop will be held in Houston on April 27-28, 2016.
Wayne Bishop, marketing manager at Omicron, has led the effort to get the players in the recloser sector together to address and collaborate on the trends and technology coming about with the transformation of energy. Read More
Meeting renewable requirements third on NV Energy's list of priorities
NV Energy has exceeded its renewable energy requirements for 2015, according to a recent filing of its required 2015 Renewable Portfolio Standard Annual Report with the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada. The filing shows that the utility achieved a 21.2 percent renewable credit level in southern Nevada and 31.3 percent level in northern Nevada — exceeding the 2015 legislated requirement of 20 percent, based on total energy sales. Read More
Bevins: For the Best in Tools and Tech
Live Tough. Work Safe.
contact@bevinsco.com
9903 E 54th St, Tulsa, OK 74146
© 2021 Bevins Co. All rights reserved.


Until about 100 years ago, it was less dangerous for a woman's health to carry an unplanned child to term and then kill it than to attempt an abortion. The methods available at the time were either completely ineffective or potentially fatal.
Abortions were generally put off as long as possible, while the pregnancy could still be concealed: as late as the 1970s, most (illegal) abortions took place in the first two-thirds of the second trimester. In this case, either the gestational sac was punctured (often with knitting needles) or an aggressive fluid (e.g. soapsuds) was injected into the womb. Both kill the foetus, which is then expelled shortly afterward. These methods commonly resulted in a variety of inflammations and sometimes the woman's death due to a lack of medical knowledge, the use of non-sterile equipment or the advanced stage of pregnancy.
Significant progress toward safe abortion was made in the 1970s: a spoon-shaped instrument, the curette, was used for surgical abortions, making them possible at a much earlier stage in the pregnancy. Today, a thin suction tube is employed instead of a curette. Surgical abortions can be performed as early as the seventh or eighth week, which makes them much safer in a medical sense, assuming they are done by a professional with current medical knowledge and under proper working and hygienic conditions. Thanks to liberalisation of the abortion laws (1975 in Austria), women need no longer fear prosecution and can have an abortion much earlier than in the past.
The introduction of Mifegyne® in the 1990s advanced the earliest dates for medical abortions even more, to between the fifth and seventh weeks of pregnancy. In fact, many women decide very early to have an abortion.
While modern methods have increased the safety of abortions dramatically, contraception is currently so effective that almost all unplanned pregnancies could be prevented. This requires long-term information that is relevant to the specific user group, and easy access (in a medical, economic and legal sense) to all types of contraceptives, including the 'morning-after pill' in case of emergency.
For the first time in the history of humankind, the number of a woman's children can be limited effectively without endangering her health or life.


text:
Other LSU Media
KLSU
Tiger TV
Baton Rouge, Louisiana (70803)
Partly cloudy early followed by scattered thunderstorms this afternoon. High 93F. Winds SSW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%..
A few clouds. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible. Low around 75F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph.
Humans of LSU
(left to right) Sarah Perez and Jan Grimes reconnected after 13 years when they both attended the 2017 Pennington Biomedical's Parkinson's Disease Conference.
Courtesy of LSU
Former LSU School of Music professor reconnects with former student for unexpected reasons
Lynne Bunch | @lynnebunch11
Lynne Bunch
As a professional in residence in the LSU School of Music for nearly 30 years, Jan Grimes has accompanied more than 600 students in their performances. One student, Sarah Perez, a 2004 graduate whose specialty was the clarinet, proved to stand out from the others when a conference in 2017 brought the two back together in unexpected ways.
While Grimes continued her life's dedication to music, Perez decided return to LSU to pursue another field — medicine. After taking her science requirements and the MCAT exam, she moved to the LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans for medical school.
In 2006, Grimes noticed a tremor in her thumb, leading her to her own world of medicine. Unable to find an answer in Baton Rouge, she sought help from Baylor Medical School in Houston where she found a doctor who provided her with a diagnosis.
"When I got back in the chair he said, 'I think you have Parkinsonism,'" she told LSU in an interview. "He said that I didn't swing my left arm as much as my right. I am glad I found out what it was and to confront it. But I spent a lot of time on that river of denial."
Parkinsonism is a neurological condition that causes a combination of the movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson's disease. Symptoms can include tremors, slow movement, impaired speech or muscle stiffness.
Perez, unaware of what was happening in Grimes' life, was going to medical school for neurology, the same field that covers Parkinsonism and other neurological disorders. After graduating medical school and a fellowship at the University of Alabama, she moved back to Louisiana, where she was reunited with her former accompanist.
Grimes and Perez reconnected at Pennington Biomedical's Parkinson's Disease Conference. Grimes found out about the conference after speaking at the Louisiana Federation of Music Club and was invited by a woman who just so happened to be Perez' mother-in-law.
"A woman came up to me and said, 'You've got to meet my daughter-in-law, Sarah Perez,'" Grimes said. And we talked about Sarah. But little did I know, it was the same Sarah because I knew her as Sarah Roberts. So I looked her up and realized I knew her and couldn't believe she was a neurologist. It was fabulously shocking and great news."
When Grimes and Perez reunited at the conference, both of them were able to share their passion for music and life of neurological science. The friendship provided Grimes with a neurologist she's close with and gave Perez a chance to play the clarinet again.
"[Grimes] was an answer to my prayers. Literally a few weeks beforehand I had prayed for an opportunity to play again," Perez said. "I missed it so much. And two weeks later, I was reunited with Jan. I couldn't believe it," she said.
Grimes and Perez continue to bring their story to people throughout Louisiana, including performing at the LSU Science Café on May 28. The performance, called "Full Circle: Music, Struggle, Reunion & Inspiration," included five compositions as well as the retelling of their story.
"We use this as a platform," Perez said. "The real message we want to convey is that there is hope — there is life after a diagnosis of Parkinson's. [Grimes] is living beautifully with Parkinson's, just as she lived beautifully anyway."
The eighth annual Parkinson's Conference will be held on July 30 from 8:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Pennington Biomedical's Conference Center in Baton Rouge.
Sarah Perez
Jan Grimes
Neurological Disorder
Lsu School Of Music
The Reveille
Follow Lynne Bunch
Like what you read and want to support student journalism? Click here to donate to The Daily Reveille.
Tweets by lsureveille
Sudoku and Puzzles
LSU student killed in deadly collision while crossing Nicholson Drive
Ex-LSU student found guilty of negligent homicide in Max Gruver hazing case
Grant Delpit, Michael Divinity's versatility provide foundation for LSU defense
Kappa house on LSU Sorority Row demolished to rebuild new property
LSU to close Saturday, Sunday as campus area prepares for flooding
LSU to reopen campus Monday after closing for potential flooding
LSU to close campus Friday for potential flooding of Baton Rouge area
Nicholson Gateway Apartments, Northgate area face power outages
Three LSU graduates killed in helicopter crash in the Bahamas
Motion to dismiss indictment of Ex-LSU student for negligent homicide in Gruver hazing death failed, prosecutors allege obstruction of justice
Get the latest Reveille
Apply to work in LSU Student Media organizations
The Reveille and LSUReveille.com
B-16 Hodges Hall, Louisiana State University
Email: editor@lsureveille.com
© Copyright 2019 The Reveille, B-16 Hodges Hall LSU Baton Rouge, LA | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy