I will fully admit that I ordered this burger knowing roughly what I was getting, but I have a point that I needed to make, despite having made it before and knowing that I will feel compelled to make it again in the future. This Hamburger Is Too Big. It is two patties, cheddar and jack cheese, a fried egg, guacamole, and bacon. That's not a bad lineup, but look at the thing. It's lopsided upon arrival, stacked so large that it cannot be consumed in any spiritually meaningful way. It's a bite of this, and a bite of that, and then a moment chasing around everything that fell out during the previous two bites, and then a moment to wipe one's fingers, and then a moment to sigh, and then back to the burger.
Understand that this is not a categorical stance on hamburgers. One of the best sandwiches I've ever had was a hamburger. But something about hamburgers pushes people to go beyond the limits of good sense, and I cannot figure out what it is. I would suggest to you that that list of ingredients need not be a burger at all, but I am aware that a ground beef patty brings a savory depth some folk cannot do without. That's fine. But why on earth are there two?
I feel a bit unfair singling out the Lobos Truck here. Needless to say, this is a problem one can find in burger joints both chain and local, upscale and down, anywhere and everywhere. I don't know where this ends, but until that day I remain perplexed and disheartened.
What a fine example of the bánh mì! This being downtown Los Angeles it was also $9, a hard price for any bánh mì enthusiast to swallow, but some things can't be helped. Unlike the last time I payed an outrageous sum for a bánh mì, though, this one was well worth the price.
Long-time readers have heard me sing the praises of the bánh mì before, (at length), but allow me once again to explain what makes them so special. Good sandwiches are about harmony and balance. The ingredients have to work well together, each one contributing to a unified whole, and they must be balanced, with none contributing more than is required. The very best bánh mì demonstrate this better than any sandwich I've ever come across. They build around a protein, usually but not always meat, and specifically one with a deep, savory profile. The marinades involved are often boast a dozen ingredients, replete with strong flavors like lemongrass and fish sauce, but often balanced by sweeter notes. The vegetables on the sandwich, thinly sliced carrot and daikon radish, provide a crunch and an acidic tang that helps dial back the central protein. The cilantro is a bright (too bright for some) herbal note, one that I find ramps up everything behind it, and the jalapeño brings heat without throwing off the acidic or peppery notes present from the vegetables or the marinate, respectively.
In short, a great bánh mì is perfect. I have sampled a great many sandwiches, and there isn't another archetype that comes close. I wouldn't go so far as to call the above sandwich perfect, but it was very, very good. Quality pork, house-made paté, and a baguette with a good bit of tooth to it all go a long way, and when they're going into a bánh mì there's very little that can compare.
It needed more horseradish. I have said that after literally every horseradish-containing sandwich I have ever had, and the prime rib sandwich from Simple Things is no exception. Let me get the bottom line out of the way: this was a tasty sandwich. Beef, greens, tomato, horseradish on crispy ciabatta is a winner, and sweet caramelized onions and horseradish are a fine pair to cap things off.
But. Needed more horseradish. It always needs more horseradish, and I'm starting to wonder how that can be. Is horseradish really an ingredient that people enjoy consuming in tepid measure? It is distinct, in the sense that anyone who goes in for it knows what they're getting. I talk a lot about balance and harmony here and one could accuse me of promoting the opposite here, but what I'm actually advocating is the raising of horseradish to the role of starring ingredient. The lineup above describes a fine sandwich but it is also an exceptionally simple one. Why not let it stand out? Were it up to me I might triple the amount of horseradish involved, name the sandwich after it and be done with it. On Sandwiches, though, is ultimately an exploration of what sandwiches exist, not what sandwiches are possible. The prime rib at Simple Things stands as so many good-but-uninspiring sandwiches do: without enough horseradish.
Gjelina is either an exceptionally lucky establishment, or someone there is a wizard. Out of the more than 400 establishments I have patronized, I have never had a sandwich as well constructed as that one. The taste was fine, flavorful tuna, peppery arugula, sweet roasted red pepper and caper aioli is a well-balanced lineup. But the sandwich stayed together from first bite to last, never shifted much, there was absolutely zero filling creep, and each bit of crust was robust but yielded just before the dreaded clamp-and-tear had to be applied. I consider a sandwich successful if it hits even a few of those marks, but to hit all of them is some kind of magic. I'm genuinely unsure of how much credit to award Gjelina because I'm not sure how much of this can be achieved on purpose. How much control does their baker exert over the density of the crust? The air was not especially humid but the ocean wasn't far; could this same sandwich come together in the inland empire? This is not, I suspect, a question with an answer. No matter. This was a fantastic sandwich, and that much is certain.
Simplethings has been featured here before (twice, in fact) and I was recently delighted to find they had opened a branch in Westwood. I happened to arrive on a rather blustery day, cold for Los Angeles, and it seemed the heat of a pulled chicken sandwich was just what I needed. Friends, did this sandwich ever set me right. It's chicken, arugula, pickled onions, garlic aioli, chevre spread,and chipotle bbq sauce on a pretzel roll. That's a lineup that might offend some purists, but I'm trying to become less dogmatic in matters like that. So long as everyone executes as well as Simplethings, that shouldn't be too hard. This sandwich was a delight, and I don't know if I've ever had a sandwich that came together as well as this one did. Aside from the arugula nothing in particular stood out, leaving the sandwich less a series of notes and more a single, harmonious tone. Not every sandwich excels with something like that, but there's no question this one did. It was rich, balanced, sweet but with some heat to it, and the pretzel roll brought deep flavor of its own. All in all, an excellent sandwich.
I've had a number of portobello sandwiches lately, some of which I've discussed here. I try to vary things, but I also have a special place in my heart for the mushroom sandwich and I think they get short shrift. As such, I intend to just keep talking about them until I feel like more people are eating them, or I see them at more establishments. This is my blog, and I love mushrooms. I've featured fundamental LA before, and they make repeat appearances for good reason. They tend to excell in both concept and execution, and the number above is no exception. The mushroom is joined by avocado, frisee, pickled jalapeño and miso tahini dressing on toasted sourdough bread. The mushroom and the avocado form a deeply rich duet, the frisee is a delightful textural contrast, and the whole thing packs a substantial flavor. This is a great sandwich, and all the more evidence that if you're steering clear of mushrooms you're doing yourself no small disservice.
I'm not sure where the grub comes in at Earl's Gourmet Grub, as the establishment strikes me as fairly typical for a New American eatery. It's clean as a whistle too, no claim to grub via the greasy spoon. One doesn't dine on aesthetics, though, so frankly you can call a place whatever you like, so long as the food is good. And the fig-n-pig at Earl's is good: prosciutto di Parma, blue cheese, fig hash and arugula pressed on a nutty whole-grain bread. I found the bites without blue cheese to be preferable to those with, though I could see another individual preferring the opposite. Overall the sandwich works: the prosciutto is rich and salty, the fig hash a sweet balance, and there's enough arugula there for it to be a full participant, and not a spectator. Too little lettuce is quickly becoming a frequent irritant in my sandwich eating, so when there's plenty I appreciate it. The bread has an earthy, buttery flavor to it and the press gives the whole thing a crunch. All in all, a fine sandwich.
Don't let the vertical orientation throw you; those pickles were easily pushed on top of the pastrami, easily making a proper sandwich. That's not the story here. The story is how a sandwich that's just pastrami, pickles and mustard relies heavily on the quality of the pastrami, and therefore one should have a reliable method for finding above-average pastrami. Luckily, such a method exists.
Willie's Grill and Deli happens to be tucked inside the Alameda Jr. Liquor Market, a clean, well-lit liquor store with an ample selection. That's a good sign for any sandwich counter. The logic is simple: By joining up with a cash-heavy, usually-profitable business the sandwich counter has access to lower overhead, in the form of cheaper rent when they're a separate business or just general subsidy when they're owned by the same people. This takes the pressure off they typically-thin margins of a restaurant, and more often than not that means a bump in the average quality of the food. Things tend to be more fresh, from quality producers, or provided at a better value. That was certainly the case at Willie's, and it only strengthened my belief that if you're looking for an above-average sandwich at a modest price, you can do a lot worse than head to a liquor store.


Orbotech Ltd. (NASDAQ: ORBK) ("Orbotech" or the "Company"), a leading global supplier of yield-enhancing and process-enabling solutions for the manufacture of electronics products, today announced that the Supreme Court of Korea dismissed the prosecutor's appeal of the Seoul Central District Court's (Appellate Division) 2014 decision acquitting the Company's Korean subsidiary and five of its employees in the matter of alleged unlawful acquisition and divulgence of confidential technical information of certain of the Company's significant customers in Korea in its entirety, and the nominal fine imposed on one employee of Orbotech's Korean subsidiary by the lower courts has been affirmed and finalized. The written opinion is expected to be delivered soon, which will conclude this matter.
"Orbotech and our Korean subsidiary are very pleased that the Korean Supreme Court has vindicated Orbotech in this matter which has been ongoing since 2012," said Mr. Asher Levy, Chief Executive Officer of Orbotech. "We understand and appreciate the importance of intellectual property and its central significance as a core asset of any company. For this reason, we maintain and enforce policies designed to protect the intellectual property of both the Company and third parties."
Except for historical information, the matters discussed in this press release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to, among other things, future prospects, developments and business strategies and involve certain risks and uncertainties. The words "anticipate," "believe," "could," "will," "plan," "expect" and "would" and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions, have been used in this press release to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made based on management's expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting Orbotech and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to Orbotech's operations and business environment, the previously announced acquisition of Orbotech by KLA-Tencor Corporation ("KLA-Tencor"), the manner in which the parties plan to effect the transaction, including the share repurchase program, the ability to raise additional capital necessary to complete the repurchase program within the time frame expected, the expected benefits, synergies and costs of the transaction, management plans relating to the transaction, including with respect to the Company's ownership interest in Frontline, the expected timing of the completion of the transaction, the parties' ability to complete the transaction considering the various closing conditions, including conditions related to regulatory and Orbotech shareholder approvals, the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, product development, product extensions, product integration, complementary product offerings and growth opportunities in certain business areas, the potential future financial impact of the transaction, and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Actual results may differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements due to a number of important factors, including but not limited to the possibility that expected benefits of the transaction may not materialize as expected, that the transaction may not be timely completed, if at all, that KLA-Tencor may not be able to successfully integrate the solutions and employees of the two companies or ensure the continued performance or growth of Orbotech's products or solutions, the risk that the Company may not achieve its revenue expectations within and for 2018 (including, without limitation, due to shifting move-in dates); cyclicality in the industries in which the Company operates, the Company's supply chain management and production capacity, order cancelation (often without penalty), timing and occurrence of product acceptance (the Company defines 'bookings' and 'backlog' as purchase arrangements with customers that are based on mutually agreed terms, which, in some cases for bookings and backlog, may still be subject to completion of written documentation and may be changed or cancelled by the customer, often without penalty), fluctuations in product mix within and among divisions, worldwide economic conditions generally, especially in the industries in which the Company operates, the timing and strength of product and service offerings by the Company and its competitors, changes in business or pricing strategies, changes in the prevailing political and regulatory framework in which the relevant parties operate, including as a result of the United Kingdom's prospective withdrawal from the European Union (known as "Brexit") and political uncertainty in the United States, or in economic or technological trends or conditions, including currency fluctuations, inflation and consumer confidence, on a global, regional or national basis, the level of consumer demand for sophisticated devices such as smart mobile devices, automotive electronics, flexible applications and devices, augmented reality/virtual reality and wearable devices, high-performance computing, liquid crystal display and organic light emitting diode screens and other sophisticated devices, the Company's global operations and its ability to comply with varying legal, regulatory, exchange, tax and customs regimes, the timing and outcome of tax audits, including the best judgment tax assessment issued by the Israel Tax Authority with respect to the audit of tax years 2012-2014 in Israel and the related criminal investigation, the Company's ability to achieve strategic initiatives, including related to its acquisition strategy, the Company's debt and corporate financing activities; the impact of the conclusion of the criminal matter and ongoing investigation in Korea, including any impact on existing or future business opportunities in Korea and elsewhere, any civil actions related to the Korean matter brought by third parties, including the Company's customers, which may result in monetary judgments or settlements, expenses associated with the Korean matter, and ongoing or increased hostilities in Israel and the surrounding areas.


Why not have some fun with your warm weather wardrobe with this printed swing top?! Great for work or play, this piece features a subtle V-neck keyhole, swing hem and keyhole back with pearlized button closure. Measures approximately 26 1/2" from shoulder to hem on size small.


We are delighted to invite you to participate at our sixth edition of the Bucharest Embryology Symposium " From lab to clinic-Controversy in the Era of Reproductive Technology", which will take place in in Bucharest, Romania.
Certificates of attendance will be available for all participants. Please ensure that you have your name badge with you and the completed evaluation and survey forms, as you will need in order to receive your certificate.
Certified by OBBCSSR with 9 EMC points.
This course will recapitulate old concepts and bring new practical insights. It will include interactive session where delegates will have the opportunity to trouble shoot their own examples together with the experts.
This course will provide an overview of the clinical applications of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation protocols in infertility management; also the need of a databese and data collection with a help of a software and . Attendees will have the chance to participate in hands-on training to improve their skills.
The idea of running practical workshops allowing practice on different models is a new approach to education and training.
By attending this workshop course participants are expected to gain more knowledge of the different applications of COSin infertility and also in gathering and work with data and a software program. The element of practical education delivered via hands-on training will enhance its educational aspects.
Practice with data collection software - Computer based interactive station - A stepwise understanding of the collecting and using the data.
Round tables with case presentations and specific protocols related with COS.


Kris Hartley is a lecturer in the department of city and regional planning at Cornell University. He also holds research appointments at the Center for New Structural Economics at Peking University, the Institute of Water Policy at National University of Singapore, and the Center for Government Competitiveness at Seoul National University. In the past four years Hartley has held academic appointments throughout Asia, including visiting researcher at the University of Hong Kong, visiting lecturer in economics at Vietnam National University, visiting researcher at Seoul National University, visiting research fellow at the University of the Philippines, and research and teaching assistant at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Hartley focuses on economic policy, urban planning, and environmental management.
With over a decade of public and private sector experience, Hartley has worked with central and local government agencies in the United States, New Zealand, and Thailand, research institutes in Japan, China, South Korea, and Singapore, and community development corporations in California. He has consulted on a variety of topics including urban growth strategies, transport planning, earthquake recovery, and infrastructure asset management. Hartley is currently engaged in research about domestic resource mobilization and growth governance in Africa (through the Center for New Structural Economics at Peking University), climate change adaptation in Hong Kong and southern China (through the Institute of Water Policy at National University of Singapore), and ASEAN economic integration. His projects are connected by the overarching theme of new public policy models for the 21st century.
Hartley's first book, entitled Can Government Think? Flexible Economic Opportunism and the Pursuit of Global Competitiveness (Routledge 2014), addresses innovative economic policy and institutional reform through a variety of international cases. His second book, coauthored with National University of Singapore associate professor Vu Ming Khuong, is forthcoming (Edward Elgar Publishing 2016) and addresses drivers of economic growth in ASEAN countries. Hartley has also authored over 80 press articles and commentaries appearing in publications such as the The Diplomat, The Business Times, Bangkok Post, and China Daily, and he regularly delivers presentations at academic conferences around the world.
An avid global traveler, Hartley has visited 50 countries and resided in ten on three continents. He received a BA in classics (Phi Beta Kappa) from the University of Tennessee, an MBA from Baylor University, an MCP from the University of California–Berkeley, and a PhD in public policy from the National University of Singapore. Hartley is originally from Nashville, Tennessee.
Smart Cities: Old Bytes in New Cables?


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Corporate Downsizing Demystified
Cedarville News Corporate Downsizing Demystified
by Public Relations Office - Cedarville, OH
Dr. Franco Gandolfi says the overall picture is clear, yet sobering: downsizing is here to stay. In the Cedarville professor's new book, Corporate Downsizing Demystified (ICFAI University Press), he clarifies the mysteries, misconceptions, and societal effects of this all-too-familiar business phenomenon.
Franco's book reveals how the pursuit of increased organizational efficiencies, profitability, and competitiveness has produced major layoffs and redundancies. Consequently, Franco says, corporate downsizing has transformed entire economies and industries, changed hundreds of thousands of organizations, and profoundly affected the lives of millions of employees around the world. Franco also presents the current state of employment in the wake of further downsizing and examines the effectiveness and ethical aspects of this business choice.
Franco serves as an associate professor of international business at Cedarville University. He specializes in human resources management, change management, and international business and regularly advises corporations in Australia and Switzerland. Prior to coming to Cedarville, Franco spent four years as the dean of the faculty of business and law and as an associate professor of human resources management at Central Queensland University in Sydney, Australia.
Photo credit: Scott L. Huck/Cedarville University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Koroibete claims 2019 John Eales Medal
15 Nov 2019 · International
by Beth Newman
Winger Marika Koroibete expressed his gratitude to former Wallabies coach Michael Cheika after taking out the 2019 John Eales Medal.
Koroibete stormed home with strong performances in the Rugby World Cup to win the medal with 200 votes, ahead of fellow star back Samu Kerevi (150) and skipper Michael Hooper (141).
Kerevi was the leader heading into the World Cup, just edging out Koroibete, but the winger's consistency through the tournament propelled him to his first John Eales Medal.
Lock Izack Rodda was a surprise early leader after the Spring Tour count but fell back down the pack as the season went on while hooker Tolu Latu moved up the order late in the piece, finishing in fifth overall.
Koroibete is the first specialist winger to claim the award, which has historically most often gone to forwards.
RUGBY AUSTRALIA AWARDS: Gold Carpet glamour
RUGBY AUSTRALIA AWARDS: How the night unfolded
Speaking after the presentation, Koroibete said he was as surprised as anyone that he was standing with the medal hanging around his neck.
"It's such an honour to be in with all the great players who wore this medal, such an honour, I still can't believe it," he said.
"I'm wearing this bloody thing and I'm sweating inside. I'm privileged and humbled."
The 28-year-old is in just his third season of professional rugby and paid tribute to Cheika when asked about the key influences in his journey.
"Michael Cheika spoke to me, he's the one who moulded me to be here," he said.
"He didn't force me to be playing early, he took his time and he gave me things year by year, six month by six month and when I went to the Rebels as well, this year we've been working very hard with the coaching staff, they're the one who have been supporting me as well and I think I've become a better player.
"He's (Cheika's) such a great man, he got on well with the boys and I like him as a coach, he's been honest with (me)," he said.
"Something you have to work on, he tells you straight, doesn't beat around the bush. Unfortunately he's not here anymore.
Koroibete said his 2019 form was down to a simple thing.
"I just play for the love of the game...I hate losing," he said.
"It's not about me pushing the whole team, my goals are tiny, jsut me and my winger, compete with him.
"Of course, you'll become, hopefully you come out better.
Wallaroos skipper Grace Hamilton capped off a brilliant 2019 to take out the Wallaroo of the Year, and just missed out on the Super W double as well.
Maurice Longbottom and Charlotte Caslick took out the men's and women's Sevens Players of the Year, awards named to honour the late Shawn Mackay.
Kerevi didn't finish the night empty-handed, claiming the Super Rugby Player of the year award for his efforts in Queensland this year.
Brumbies young gun Tayla Stanford took out the Super W Player of the Year award after some barnstorming performances for the ACT side this season.
Hooper was voted as the fans as the best Wallaby of 2019, edging out Koroibete in the public vote.
Junior Wallabies captain Fraser McReight made it back-to-back U20s Player of the Year awards after leading the Aussies to their first World Rugby U20s final since 2011.
Teenagers Jordan Petaia and Alysia Lefau-Fakaosilea shared the spoils in the Rookie of the year, an award that covers Wallabies, Wallaroos and Sevens debutants.
See how the night unfolded right here.
Rugby Australia Award winners 2019
John Eales Medal
Marika Koroibete - 200
Samu Kerevi - 150
Michael Hooper - 141
Izack Rodda - 119
Tolu Latu - 103
Wallaroo of the Year
Shawn Mackay Men's Sevens Player of the Year
Maurice Longbottom
Shawn Mackay Women's Sevens Player of the Year
Charlotte Caslick
Australia's Choice Wallaby of the Year
Michael Hooper
Super Rugby Player of the Year
Samu Kerevi (Reds)
Super W Player of the Year
Tayla Stanford (Brumbies)
Under 20s Player of the Year
Fraser McReight
Jordan Petaia (Wallabies) and Alysia Lefau-Fakaosilea (Wallaroos)
Referee of the year
Nic Berry
Try of the Year
Nic White vs New Zealand, Perth
Geoff "Bunter" Shaw Community Coach of the Year
Va'asa Afa (Easts Tigers, QLD)
Joe French Award
Dr Sharron Flahive
Nick Farr-Jones Spirit of Rugby Award
Peter "Doubles" Daley (Souths, QLD)
HSBC Volunteer of the Year Award
Selina and Ben Blyton (Palmerston, NT)
Wallaby Hall of Fame inductees
George Gregan
Stephen Larkham
Rebels add Roll'd for 2020
Today at 12:07 PM · Super Rugby
Melbourne Rebels congratulate champions the Kintetsu Liners
Today at 10:43 AM · Super Rugby
Rebels appoint Player Development Manager
3 days ago · Super Rugby
Orr preaches the Rebel Way


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Tag "United States"
The Shocking Secret About Court Room Flags – It's A Warning!
President, Dwight David Eisenhower signed Executive Order No.10834 on August 21, 1959 and had printed in the Federal Register at 24 F.R. 6865, pursuant to the law, stated that: "A military flag is a flag that resembles the regular flag of the United States, except that it has a yellow fringe border on three sides."
President Trump's Farewell Speech Touching on Achievements and Thanking America
Kamala Harris is here to have suppressed Information, been dishonest, and also spoke harshly of Joe Biden until presented the opportunity to join him.
As Jake Angeli, born Jacob Chansley, awaits his legal fate after participating in the attempt to overthrow what many are calling a corrupt government, by attempting to occupy the U.S. Capitol. This after doing far less damage than the Democrat incited riots that burned neighborhoods, cities, towns, businesses, and more, which was provoked and encourages by Kamal Harris, Joe Bide, Maxine Water, Johnny Depp, Madonna, and more.


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Q: Are longest events always stacked first vertically in Fullcalendar? I'm using fullcalendar and It seems like longest events are always stacked first. Is there a way to tweak this behaviour?

A: this is a requested issue:
http://code.google.com/p/fullcalendar/issues/detail?id=364
hopefully will get to it at some point

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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UK Prime Minister Liz Truss resigns after failed budget and market turmoil
U.K. Prime Minister Liz Truss resigned today following a failed tax-cutting budget that rocked financial markets and which led to a revolt within her own Conservative Party.
Truss said in a statement outside Downing Street: "We set out a vision for a low-tax, high-growth economy that would take advantage of Brexit."
"I recognize though, given the situation, I cannot deliver the mandate on which I was elected by the Conservative Party. I have therefore spoken to His Majesty the King to announce that I am resigning as leader of the Conservative Party."
Her resignation follows a meeting with Graham Brady, the Conservative politician that is in charge of leadership votes and reshuffles. Brady chairs the 1922 Committee — the group of Conservative MPs without ministerial positions who can submit letters of no confidence in the prime minister.
Just before the meeting, a Downing Street spokesperson told reporters Truss wanted to stay in office.
During the hour the meeting lasted, the number of MPs publicly calling for Truss to step down reached 17. The number who have written letters to Brady expressing no confidence in the prime minister was reported to be over 100 by Thursday.
Truss said outside Downing Street that she and Brady had agreed the party would hold a leadership election within the next week.
Controversial 'mini budget'
Truss was appointed prime minister on Sept. 6, just two days before Queen Elizabeth II passed away after 70 years on the throne.
On Sept. 23, Truss' finance minister, Kwasi Kwarteng, announced a so-called "mini-budget" which began a turbulent period for U.K. bond markets which balked at the debt-funded tax cuts he put forward. Most of the policies were reversed three weeks later by the second finance minister, Jeremy Hunt.
Truss beat Rishi Sunak to become leader of the Conservative Party following the resignation of Boris Johnson on July 7. Sunak is now one of the favorites to replace Truss, along with Hunt, another leadership contender Penny Mordaunt, Defense Minister Ben Wallace and former Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
Mass shooter's motive elusive as Monterey Park mourns 10 dead.
Microsoft faces EU antitrust warning over Activision deal - sources
Close to 1 bn people globally are served by health-care facilities without reliable electricity.


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Q: set a condition for a switch lower than a certain value Is it possible to realize the condition <=1 or =1 with any switch of the simulink library?? The idea is to use it for priority. For example the device with the  priority 1 should be selected for further signal processing?

A: The Switch block can do exactly this.
You can configure the Switch block to route one of two signals depending on the "control input signal" which can be a logical operator such as <=1 or <1.
You could also use Flowcharts in Stateflow to allow selection of different devices when more complex logic exists.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This Guidance Note provides fire safety advice in respect of Retrofitting Automatic Fire Suppression Systems in Residential Premises. This Note is one of a series produced by the Fire Authority to provide advice on various aspects of fire safety. If you require any further guidance on the advice given or require advice on another topic please visit your local Fire Safety Office, telephone 020... Residential Fire Sprinkler System Cost Guide It is difficult to quote accurately for a residential sprinkler system either based on square footage or bedroom quantity. It is always best to send us your drawings in the form below and we can produce a far more accurate estimate from these.
How Much Does A Domestic Fire Sprinkler System Cost?
Residential fire sprinkler systems, when designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 13D, have only a minor comparison to commercial fire sprinkler systems and are more economical.


I didn't grow up with an older sibling in the house...a brother or sister who'd clue me in as to what's hip or not. I relied on that blue, round thing right there in the logo -- my AM radio. Before you laugh, the AM dial was more alive than you'd think back in the day. I grew up in New Jersey and was force-fed NYC's radio stations with surprisingly good play lists. Any moment you'd hear such classics as...well, wait a minnit. Why spoil the surprise?
1971...brainwashed by the likes of Alice Cooper, Bowie, KISS, Sweet. You can see it in the eyes.


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Posted in Everything Else
10 Horrifying Facts About The Kansas City Butcher
Leave a Comment on 10 Horrifying Facts About The Kansas City Butcher
Between 1984 and 1988, it was very dangerous to be a young man living in Kansas City. Robert Berdella, or Bob the butcher as many now know him was a deranged owner of an occult art shop called Bob's Bizarre Bazaar. He was also fascinated with imparting torture and pain and watching his victims die. The sad part is that he photographed his gruesome tortures and murders. During the four years of his killing spree, all neighbourhoods, Kansas were put on alert with people forced to live in fear. It wasn't until April 1988 when a naked man with a dog collar on his neck rushed out of Berdella's house, shouting for help that authorities managed to uncover the murders. Here is a look at the shocking facts revealed about Bob's killing streak.
Killer Cat – Facts About The Kansas City Butcher
Christopher Bryson
Bryson is remembered as the survivor that told one of the most shocking tales ever heard in the history of serial killer investigations in the US. Kansas City police received a strange call on the Easter weekend of 1988, saying that a naked man was wearing a dog collar in the neighbourhood. The man had leapt out of a second-story window of 4315 Charlotte Street and had signs of torture all over his body. The victim was later discovered to be 22-year-old Christopher Bryson, a male prostitute from Wichita. He narrated that he was picked up on March 29, 1988, and taken to Berdella`s house. He was then hit with a metallic bar and bound with ropes before the butcher injected him with drugs.
Berdella then gagged the victim's testicles with electric shocks, swabbed his eyes with ammonia before continuing to rape him. Bryson chose to cooperate with the torturer in the hope of avoiding further pain. Bryson, managed to convince Berdella to tie his hands Infront, giving him a chance to burn through the ropes using a matchbox before jumping through the window. Thanks to his harrowing tale, the police invaded the home, digging the backyard and ransacking the house for evidence.
Larry Wayne Pearson
Larry Pearson is believed to have been Berdella's first victim. He lived in Wichita in 1984, where he did odd jobs and got arrested at one time. Bob Berdella paid Pearson's bail and got close to him, getting him to work at his shop and even live in his house. Berdella, however, started sexually assaulting the 21-year old, which caused him to bite his penis at one point. Berdella had, however, already chained Pearson to his bed by the time he went to the hospital, putting the latter through six days of intense torture. He finally killed him by suffocating him with plastic bags and strangling him with a piano string.
The Murder Of Todd Stoops
Todd Stoops fell in the trap of Berdella on June 17, 1986. He was a male prostitute who had known Berdella for many years and decided to accompany him to his Charlotte Street house for lunch, where he was drugged and held captive for several weeks. During this period, Stoops was raped and subjected to "experiments" to convert him into a sex slave. The horrific experiments included everything from electroshock, injection of drain cleaner in the throat to attempted eye gorging. Stoops died from shock and blood loss, after which Berdella kept his body in the basement for at least a week before dismembering it and dumping it in the city trash collection. Berdella later said that he found Stoops attractive, which is why he kept him alive that long.
He Preferred Prison Over Death
Bod Berdella always wanted to go to prison. He kept a record of different stages of his tortures both as a trophy to his "art" and as evidence for when he was finally caught. He fantasized about being imprisoned. Through the weeks of hearings, Berdella gave an elaborate confession asked the judge to give him a life sentence which was granted. He was sent to Missouri State Penitentiary, where he proved to be a troublesome prisoner as he wrote lots of letters accusing wardens of mistreatment. In one of his last interviews, Berdella reflected on the media coverage of his crimes, which he termed "dehumanizing, which is the least you would expect from a serial killer." Death caught up with him in 1992 when he succumbed to a heart attack
The Torture Diary
Robert Berdella is one serial killer whose murders shocked even law enforcement. The level of graphic details Berdella kept during the torture and murder of his victims was sickening. Over 200 pictures taken into evidence of the victims detailed several stages of torture with notes and graphic explanations of the chemicals and tools used, and the type of sexual assault inflicted. In his journal, the details and photos of the murder of 27 people were discovered by the authorities, although Berdella himself confessed that there were at least 86. Books about death and torture were also found in his house, including lots of other details of how tranquillizers, bleach, and other chemicals would affect different parts of the human body. He was the perfect definition of inhumane.
Jerry Howell
Paul Howell, Jerry Howell's dad, treated Robert Berdella as a fellow merchant, which explains why Jerry trusted Berdella enough to accept the offer of a drive to a local concert. Jerry was also a local male escort, although it is difficult to understand why Berdella killed him considering his closeness to the victim's family. But then, a killer is just a killer, and so Berdella proceeded to drug and imprisoned Howell Jr in his house for an estimated 30hrs torturing him. Like Pearson, Howell died from suffocation, which Berdella caused by gagging him with plastic bags. Berdella's testimony proved impossible for the jury to listen to when he started describing how he had hung and cut Howell's body into small pieces before dumping it in trash bags.
Walter James Ferris
On September 26, 1985, Walter James Ferris called Berdella and requested to stay at his Charlotte Street House. Berdella happily accepted the poor man's request only to turn him into one of his many victims. He subjected Ferris to one of the most harrowing tortures imaginable, including shocking him with a whole 7,700 volts of electricity. The torture was so intense and horrifying that at the end of his life, Ferris could only last 10 to 15 seconds of consciousness at a time, according to Berdella's diary. Berdella said he got bored with him when he became too weak and just decided to suffocate him before dumping his body just like the other victims.
Robert Sheldon
Robert Sheldon became Berdella's most famous victim because, unlike the earlier victims, Berdella decided to keep his head as a souvenir. He was killed in 1985 after Berdella accepted to host him at his house for a "few days," which turned into four days of intense torture. Unlike other victims on this list, Sheldon was not raped, perhaps because Berdella was not sexually attracted to him. During the four days of torture, Berdella attempted to destroy his nerves using a piano string and injected him with different chemicals as Berdella tried to see how his body would react. After four days, Berdella decided to suffocate Sheldon and dispose of his corpse in the street trash bins. He then put his head in a freezer as a trophy.
The death of Mark Wallace is the least documented of Berdella's murders. In his confession, during his 1988 trials, Berdella admitted to killing the young man. He confessed that he spent a limited time torturing and experimenting on Wallace's body, which led to a charge of second-degree murder, which most people considered too lenient. Neighbours said that Wallace worked in Berdella's yard, explaining why he sought shelter in Berdella's garage during a June thunderstorm. Berdella then invited him inside then drugged him before tying him up and starting his demonic experiments on him. He died from a combination of drugs, a suffocating plastic gag, and a hypodermic needle inserted in the back.
Bob's Inspiration
Bob Berdella was a rather typical serial killer inspired by a movie, although people ignored the warning signs, which led to the worsening of his condition. Based on his own confession, Berdella said that the film the Collector, based on a crime novel by John Fowles, was his inspiration. The Collector was the story of a shy young man, Fredrick Clegg, who was obsessed with a pretty girl called Miranda Grey. He later decided to kidnap, rape, and torture her. The Collector is also known to inspire other serial killers, including Christopher Wilder, the "Beauty Queen Killer," and Leonard Lake. Before switching to human beings, Berdella used to capture and torture animals, especially dogs. He was expelled from Kansas City Institute after killing a dog as part of his art project.
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A 22-year-old man died after he was allegedly shot during a game of Russian roulette at a northwest Houston apartment early Saturday morning, authorities said.
Four men and one woman were in the 8700 block of Hammerly around midnight to celebrate a new apartment one of the men had just rented when the men decided to play Russian roulette, authorities said.
Investigators learned that one of the men pointed the gun at his head, but the weapon did not fire a live round.


text:
Fund III is the third early-stage VC fund from 3one4 Capital and the continuation of its banner strategy.
Successive raise since its last fund close eight months ago in Dec 2019.
40% of the target corpus already committed from returning and new LPs.
Fifth overall fund launched by 3one4 Capital.
3one4 Capital, an early-stage venture capital firm, today announced the first close of Fund III, its third early-stage VC fund. This fund is the continuation of its banner strategy that invests in early-stage tech-enabled startups in India. Fund III will increase 3one4 Capital's assets under management to over INR 1,550 Cr (USD 210 Mn).
The fund currently has subscribed more than 40% of its targeted corpus of USD 100 Mn with commitments from new and existing investors. Significantly, Fund III has been launched within three quarters from the firm's last fund closure in December 2019. In the current volatile market with subdued investment sentiment, the firm, founded by Pranav Pai & Siddarth Pai, has been able to attract top-tier global and Indian investors as Limited Partners (LPs). These investors include family offices, endowments, foundations, as well as corporate and financial institutional investors. The successive fund raise is a testimony to the team's consistent track record in the Indian early-stage ecosystem.
The deployment of Fund III will continue the firm's core strategy of building portfolios of 25-30 early-stage startups in each fund. The new vehicle's focus areas include a range of themes such as SaaS and Enterprise Automation, Direct-to-Consumer, Media & Content, FinTech, and Deep Technology. Within these themes, the fund will cover sectors such as health, machine-driven intelligent services, ed-tech, agri-tech, logistics and distribution, food-tech, mobility, Indic language-focused applications, and more. Fund III will offer ticket sizes between USD 500K to USD 4Mn and will support an active follow-on strategy to back its investments into later stages.
On the launch, Pranav Pai, Managing Partner, 3one4 Capital said, At 3one4 Capital, our objective is to work with Indian entrepreneurs and help build transformative companies. Our investor base now combines an intellectually-diverse and globally-positioned pool of resources that provide a consistent competitive edge to the firm and its portfolio companies. By deepening our access to strategic corporations and investors, we can now direct more meaningful capital through the firm's bottoms-up selection routines to discover the next set of generational tech-enabled companies from India.
Siddarth Pai, Managing Partner, 3one4 Capital, had this to say: The current paradigm shift has demanded the acceleration of disruptive business models and a rebalancing of the early-stage investment lens. With this new fund, 3one4 Capital is purpose-built to be deeply involved across the lifecycle of the next innovation engines from India. Our deep involvement model is designed to help founders optimize for sustainable growth by serving as a force multiplier on the path towards defensible long-term value creation.
The firm has four prior funds (including a dedicated seed fund, Rising I, and a dedicated opportunity fund, Continuum I) through which it currently has INR 800 Cr (USD 110 Mn) of capital under management. 3one4's investments include Licious, BetterPlace, Open, Bugworks, YourStory, DarwinBox, Pocket Aces, Faircent, Begin, LoanTap, Jupiter, Yulu, and Tracxn. The firm has backed some of India's fastest-growing startups in its focus areas and the portfolio has yielded remarkable appreciation across vintages. 3one4 Capital's portfolio companies have cumulatively raised over INR 2400 Cr in follow-on funding.
Significantly, 3one4 Capital is the first approved Venture Capital signatory of the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) from India and the fifth overall investment firm approved from India. The fund is committed to partnering with the next set of generational innovation engines out of India that will help set new standards for inclusive value creation and sustainable growth. The firm is taking a proactive stance on incorporating and improving the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into investment and ownership decisions. It will continue to remain meaningfully involved and engaged with the international network of signatories and be an active participant in policy and ecosystem development of ESG in India.
Transformative Capital to #RaiseTheBar
3one4 Capital is an early-stage venture capital fund based in Bangalore, India. The firm works in select market categories and in the intersection of adjacencies that are large, growing, and ready for unique products and services. The themes pursued are SaaS and Enterprise Automation, Direct-to-Consumer, Media & Content, FinTech, and Deep Technology, with a focus on sectors that include machine-driven actionable intelligence services for the enterprise, ambient intelligence technologies, edtech, logistics and distribution, agri-tech, consumer products and services, and health.
3one4's investments are biased towards companies exploiting technology to create, grow, or dominate large markets in India. The fund also invests a portion of its capital in US-focused companies that have feedforward effects into the themes being pursued in India.
Through a deep involvement strategy, the fund works with founding teams and subject-matter experts to prioritize and strategize for product-market fit, and then optimize for defensibility and growth in revenue and impact. With a focus on margins and on delivering uncompromised end-user experiences, the fund aims to reduce risk, detect new growth opportunities, and return rewarding outcomes to all the stakeholders involved.
Sailee Nayak, Adfactors PR | E-mail: [email protected] | Mobile: +91-9930167115
Kshitj Shah, 3one4 Capital | E-mail: [email protected] | Mobile: +91-9879617089


There are a great many things and people throughout life in which its only potential is to hold you back. It may have the potential to inspire someone else but for you it can only keep you from moving in the direction God wants you to go. It is often difficult to discern the thing or person that hinders physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual growth. Earnestly examine your heart and in time it will be revealed. It is here when the hard decision to let go has to be made. Consider that you have already experienced the consequence (pros and cons) of holding on. Perhaps then you will see that now is the time to allow God's heart within you to prevail and your decision will have already been made.
Psalm 37:4,23-24 Delight yourself in the Lord, and he will give you the desires of the your heart. The steps of a man are established by the Lord, when he delights in his way; though he fall, he shall not be cast headlong, for the Lord upholds his hand.


text:
Justia Patents US Patent for Line signalling over common highway for telecommunications system Patent (Patent # 4,075,430)
Line signalling over common highway for telecommunications system
May 14, 1976 - International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
An arrangement for providing signalling to the lines of a telecommunications system employing non-metallic switching crosspoints such as a solid state switching network or time division switching network. In a system employing either type of network, line signalling such as ringing, coin control signalling, and such other signals which are essentially alternating current or high voltage signals cannot readily be transmitted through the switching network. To switch a source of current such as ring current on a per-line basis to the line circuits normally requires considerable expenditure in additional switching hardware networks. The present system as disclosed provides an arrangement employing a multiplex highway between one or more signal sources and the line circuits. Operation of a switching element such as a relay in a line circuit selected by the common control completes a metallic path from the source bus to the selected line through closed contacts of the relay. In addition, signals of one or more different types may be multiplexed within a signal cycle to produce signals to a number of lines during the period when one line is being signalled.
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RELATED APPLICATION
Filed of even date herewith is a co-pending application for Bidirectional Signalling Arrangement of which I am the first-named of the joint inventors, the cited application being an improvement using the principle of this invention.
In telephone systems having metallic crosspoints in its switching network, control and supervisory signals are developed in circuits associated with the junctor or supervisory side of the network. A considerable savings in access control devices and source circuits is effected in this manner.
In telephone systems which do not have a direct metallic path from the line side of the switching network to the supervisory side, a problem of economics in equipment arises in transmitting high voltage signals and service signals to lines. The same problem arises both in space division systems using semi-conductive crosspoints and in time division systems employing pulse modulation switching. The high voltage and service signals such as supervisory signals cannot be sent through the switching network. Therefore, these signals must be originated on the line side. Equipment must be provided to couple the sources of these signals to the lines on demand. This equipment comprises extensive amounts of adapters and auxiliary networks. In order to apply the signals to the line side, the usual approach is to provide adapting equipment on a per-line basis for connection of a necessary source circuit.
The present approach is especially applicable to using a computer to control electronic switching networks, and uses a common metallic highway from one or more signal sources to contacts of a standard signal control relay within each line circuit. In this way, line signalling is provided from the line side of the network under the control of the central computer. Thus, when a signal is necessary, the computer addresses the signal control relay in the line circuit for the line to which the signal is to be applied. The relay is energized to complete a common path to the signal source for the transmission of signals to the line which has its ring relay energized. By this process, the signalling whether it be ring signals, party line ring signals, coin control signals or test signals, etc. may be sent out to the selected line. In addition, by providing added contacts, the same signal control delay can be used to provide two-way signalling such as that deriving from and to a wire chief test position.
The signals in question fall into a number of general categories: (1) Straight line ringing; (2) Multi-party line ringing; (3) Coin control signals, (4) PBX signalling, and (5) Test signalling, and further may include other miscellaneous signals.
In systems currently in use, a signal control or ring relay is provided in each line circuit. This ring relay is used as the line signalling relay, operated responsive to a selection by the computer to close contacts. The line side of one terminal of the ring path from the standard line circuit transformer is normally grounded through the closed contacts. The other terminal of the ring path is usually coupled through the closed contacts to adapters and auxiliary switching apparatus for coupling the signal source to the selected line. In the present circuit, a common bus is provided from the signal source circuit, the bus leading to the normally open contacts on the ring relay. A path over the bus is completed through closed contacts of the ring relay of a selected line circuit to couple the signal bus to the line having its ring relay operated.
If one type of signal such as ringing is to be sent to more than one line at one time, by operating the ring relay in the line circuits of any lines to be rung, the common ring bus path is closed from the ringing source and a common protective ground at that source to those lines.
Using this basic principle, a number of refinements or improvements become possible.
For example, in systems now in use, for party line ringing, the respective intervals making up a time division multiplex time slot can be used to provide a time division control of the specific ringing frequency to be applied to a line.
Further, where the signals to be sent are those which preferably should be delayed (coin control signals), the ring time slots can be divided into intervals to replace a ring signal with a coin control signal by what is called "micro cycle usage", i.e., interrupting the ring during an interval and substituting the coin control signal during that interval or microcycle.
As a further improvement, lines of various types requiring special signals can be grouped, and through the use of a special common auxiliary network can switch different signals in time division multiplex. For example, line requiring coin control could be grouped on one shelf and PBX lines on another. To provide ringing over either of the leads, tip or ring to a divided-ring party line, a space division network may be provided to close either one or the other path for the ringing as selected by the computer. Such auxiliary networks require only a small fraction of the hardware necessary to switch signalling input to each line in known systems.
The disclosed basic principle may most readily be implemented by the special use of a conventional relay of the line circuit, preferably the relay commonly used for signalling or ring purposes. This conventionally-used relay is operated when the line circuit is seized and activated for transmission of signals to the line served by the line circuit.
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic block diagram of a portion of a telephone system employing a simplified embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the system portion of FIG. 1 employing a more complex embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the relevant portion of a line circuit for use in the showing of either FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit drawing of a revised portion of the line circuit of FIG. 3 for implementing a further improvement;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of line circuit grouping for the further improvement of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a chart showing a possible arrangement of lines of various types within line 1 groups of the system of the second embodiment; and
FIG. 7 is a timing chart of the operation of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In FIG. 1 is shown a portion of a simplified telephone system of the general type shown in co-pending application Ser. No. 426,612 filed 12/12/73, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,552 issued June 8, 1976.
That patent shows a computer controlled PABX using an electronic switching network. The switching network may be of the type shown in either U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,749 as issued 4/2/74 to N. Jovic or that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,204,044 issued 8/31/65 to V. E. Porter, or any similar suitable switching network. In the simplified circuit of FIG. 1, each line circuit --L/C 0 -- L/C N represents the in-office interface between a station and an appearance on the line side of the switching network. The present invention is also applicable to systems using time division or digital switching.
The presently disclosed invention is usable with a switching network of the type shown by either the Porter or the Jovic network within a computer controlled system of the type shown by the cited co-pending application, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,552. In the last-mentioned system, there is shown a PABX, while the present system may preferably be applied within a PABX or a Central Office using the same general principles, or within a processor-controlled system using TDM or PCM switching in the central process (CPU). The switching network SN and the general call processing in principle used in the system of the cited patent are also directly usable herein.
As viewed in FIG. 1, there is shown a plurality of line circuits L/C 1-0 - L/C 1-N. Each line circuit has an appearance on the switch network (SN) for path completion in known fashion through trunks, links or junctors on the supervisory side of the switching network. Each line circuit is connected by a conductor to a remote terminal apparatus through conventional distributing apparatus (not shown). In FIG. 1 the terminal apparatus shown is a single station -- Station 00 or line 0, station L0 for line L and station N0 for line N. Each line circuit also has a connection to an I/O bus (CB), the bus being connected to a computer CPU. The CPU in question may be of the type shown by the cited patent or may be of the type sold by General Automation Inc. under the model SPC -16, or may be any suitable replacement therefor.
A common metallic highway 10 extends from a ring signal souce circuit (RSS) which may be a conventional ringing generator to each line circuit. Within the ring source generator, there is provided the common protective ground for the line or lines to be rung. The ringing generator or Ring Signal Source RSS may, for simplicity of explanation, be considered as any normally operating source of conventional interrupted ringing current which is applied to ring bus 10 on a continuing basis.
If in the circuit of FIG. 1, it is desired that RSS be operated only on demand from the CPU, a connection may be made between RSS and CPU bus CB (not shown) to supply the ring signal in response to the operation of an address recognition circuit and to a ring command recognition circuit to actuate the ring source.
In the circuit of FIG. 1, each line circuit is equipped with a signal control or RU relay which responds to recognition of the address of the line circuit by Address Circuit 21, and to a ring command circuit labeled box 23 to operate its RU relay through logic 25, the address and command emanating from the controller CPU in known fashion.
In the circuit of FIG. 1, on a call to station 00 for example, the CPU addresses line circuit L/C 0-0 and provides an operating ring command through logic 25 to cause relay RU of line circuit L/C 0-0 to operate. Relay RU closes its contacts RU 1-4 to complete the path from ring source bus 10 to the station 00. In one preferred mode, the ringing generator of RSS is continuously operating, thus an interrupted ringing signal is applied from RSS over lead 10 to station 00 on operation of relay RU.
If more than one line is being rung at the same time, operation of the RU relay of each line being rung applies the ring current from the ring source bus to that line in addition to the application to line 0 and station 00, as noted in the prior paragraph.
Thus in FIG. 1, the common highway 10 is connected to provide a metallic ring path to any station or stations whose RU relay has been operated by the CPU, as indicating the need for the application of ringing current to the line serving that station or to the lines serving those stations.
In FIG. 1 is shown a system which provides a common bus or highway from a source of ringing current to one or more lines through selectively addressed line circuits. Within the line circuit or circuits, selection causes operation of the ring relay RU to complete a path to the station or stations coupled to that line from the ring source bus RSS.
By applying the wave forms of FIG. 7, the circuit of FIG. 1 illustrates the method used for applying ringing to the telephone line in the TCS systems. For straight line telephones a ringing current waveform (RW) is always available at the RG input to all line circuits. During the call processing function, the computer determines that it wishes to ring a given line circuit during time, T1 and T1+4 etc., the given line circuit. A timing circut issues interrupts (I) synchronized with RW. Upon receiving the I interrupt, the computer determines which relays need to be operated in which line circuits, and which relays need to be released in appropriate line circuits, so that ringing current flows or does not flow to the appropriate telephone sets. The computer then commands the line circuits to operate or release the ringing relays during the silent intervals of RW in order to avoid the inductive disturbance that would have been generated by the switching of those relays during the ringing current.
For frequency selective party line ringing, the same procedure takes place except that for each timing slot T, the content of RW involves a different ringing frequency. Thus if party line with ringing frequency F3 wishes to be rung, the computer will list that line under T3 and proceed to operate the ringing relay at the end of T2 during the silent interval. Ring tripping, of course, does not have to wait for the silent interval, but occurs when the line circuit detects that the telephone has gone off-hook.
In FIG. 2 is shown a second embodiment of the invention employing the principle of FIG. 1 to provide a plurality of different signalling services to the lines. In FIG. 2 is shown a plurality of lines, the lines being assigned to line shelves with a suitable number of lines or line circuits per shelf. Shown representatively are three out of a plurality of shelves, one conventional system having 112 such shelves. Lines of various types are grouped on shelves, so that in FIG. 2, shelf 0 has only single party lines and pay station lines. No multiple party lines are connected to shelf O in the example shown. Shelf 6 as shown has a pay station line on line 6-00, and single party lines (none being shown). The final line shelf (shelf 111) shown has lines for single party lines (not shown), multiple party lines, PBX lines, and no pay stations.
Each line circuit has a connection to the computer I/O bus (not shown in FIG. 2) for the addressing and commanding of the line circuits by the computer. Each line circuit has an appearance on the line side of the switching network (not shown in FIG. 2).
Each line circuit has two signalling leads RG and TG which are respectively commoned to like signalling leads from the other line circuits of the same shelf, to form the horizontal conductor of a crosspoint matrix of metallic crosspoints such as reed relays. Each shelf in the exchange may therefore be considered as having a common signal highway comprised of leads RG and TG to the matrix conductor multiple. Thus, one coordinate of the matrix is comprised of a pair of paths common to the line circuit conductor pairs, each pair comprised of a TG lead and an RG lead. Each shelf pair terminates at a pair of crosspoints (each pair being represented as a single crosspoint in FIG. 2).
The signalling sources of the system, as connected to the vertical multiple conductors V0-V5 in FIG. 2 are Ringing Ground and Generator (RSS), Party Line and PBX Ringing Generator and Ground (PGS), coin control signalling (CCS),two-party test (TPT), Digital Wire Chief (DWC), and other signalling sources (OSS).
Each of these sources is connected to the CPU by way of contacts of a respective relay such as relay RM for straight line ringing (V0), RX party line or PBX ringing (V1), RV for coin collect (V2), RZ for two party testing (V3), RT for the digital wire chief (V4) and relay RY for any other signalling function (V5) which may be desired to receive control address and command signals. Each source has a pair of vertical conductor multiple appearances on the matrix indicated by individual conductors V0-V5. Certain of the matrix intersections have no crosspoints where there is no need for connection from the vertical to the horizontal multiple. Stated another way, if a shelf has no lines of a particular type, it needs no crosspoints to sources of unneeded signalling. Where shelf 0 in the present example, has single station lines and pay station lines, the horizontal conductor pair for shelf 0 will have crosspoints comprised of contacts of relay RM connecting the horizontal pair of the Ringing Generator RSS, the Coin Collect or Coin Control Signalling Source CCS, the Digital Wire Chief DWC and any other signalling functions at source OSS.
Shelf 6 which has lines connected to single stations and pay stations will have the shelf multiple pair connected to the crosspoints for connections to ringing generator RSS, Coin Control Source CSS, Wire Chief DWC and other source OSS. The final shelf 111 has its mutliple pair connected through crosspoints to party line source PGS, two party test TPT, the Wire Chief DWC and the other functions source OSS.
In the circuit of FIG. 2, the crosspoints could be mercury or reed relay contacts which are operable at high speeds to close metallic contact paths to enable the passage of high voltage and D.C. signals, high voltage in the sense used in this application being ringing voltages and the like.
The relay controlling crosspoints such as VO-HO, VO-H6, V6-H111, V2-H0, etc. are each controlled by the computer in an obvious manner to control the closure of a metallic path from the desired source to the shelf of the line circuit to which the signal from the source is transmitted. The one or more lines to receive and transmit that signal to their lines will have their RU relay operated to pass the required signal to the line over the common metallic highway.
By the use of the matrix of FIG. 2, plural signalling sources may be used and connected to shelves on demand. Thus, plural common highways are directed from the respective sources to shelves requiring signals from these sources through the crosspoints, as required. Only one ring source would be connected to a vertical, while on the shelf as many lines as might require that signal from the source are connected to the horizontal.
In FIG. 2, the contacts of the crosspoint relays are configured to provide a preference chain by the position of the break and make contacts of each crosspoint set. Dependent on the desired priority chain, the contact arrangements would be configured to implement the desired order.
As is well-known, there are certain signals that cannot tolerate an extensive delay. To provide these signals the concept of microcycle usage is used. In FIG. 7, I show a timing diagram with a familiar ringing current waveform and the familiar interrupts (I). However, between each two interrupts three additional interrupts occur to segment a total of four microcycles per ringing current cycle. While the number four for microcycles is not critical, it appears to be a reasonable compromise to allow approximately 1/2 second microcycles for straight line ringing. Normally the lower case interrupts (i) are masked to avoid real time impact on the computer. However, on determination that it is necessary to send a coin return signal, for instance, the computer proceeds to place the request for sending a coin return signal for a particular line at the top of the next microcycle list, and the computer program proceeds to unmask the lower case interrupts (i).
At the next interrupts (I), the computer then operates relay RM, thus disabling ringing temporarily while operating the relay that permits the coin return circuit to access the common highway. The signal of coin reutrn is then sent to all lines of the particular shelf (that have relay RU operated) and which had been put on the list. The signal is sent for 1/2 second or if more time was required, two microcycles corresponding to one second could have been employed. Afterwards, the procedure would be reversed reverting back to the ringing condition that had prevailed before.
For those few instances, during which a signal that cannot be deferred such as coin return is to be sent to the common highway, then the principle of microcycle stealing usage from the ringing generator is implemented. During one interval between interrupts (i), the ringing is interrupted by causing release of the RU relays previously operated. The special coin return is activated during that interval and the RU relay for the coin box line is also activated. In the worst cases, the subscribers who had been receiving ringing will miss a microcycle or two of ringing during the interval when coin control signaling had been substituted.
The priority precedence allowed for the different signals is variable and selectable, as desired. For instance, in the above example, we chose to put coin return signals ahead or ringing. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of how the common signal highway concept may be used in a hypothetical situation, for the 20 lines shown. For instance, we see that during time T1, lines 1, 4, 7 and 16 are in the ringing condition. In addition, we note that in microcycle 1 of timing slot T1, the computer performs a microcycle usage operation so that lines 9 and 10 can simultaneously send coin collect signals to the respective coin boxes. Assume also that line 2 is a PBX line and has to perform the immediate ringing function during T1. So even though line 3 has a request for the line test facility this request is deferred until T2 in order that the ringing be immediately available to line 2. During time T2 lines 2, 5, 12, and 20 are receiving ringing under computer control. Here it is worthwhile to note that line 2 which started immediate ringing during time T1 continued with its ringing during T2 since the burst at T1 had been indeed very short. We also note that line 3 which had its request for a line test facility deferred at T1 now uses a microcycle and performs the test requested through the wire chief.
It is worthwhile to restate the reason for using digital measurements with respect to wire chief testing. Each microcycle is only 1/2 a second long in the example given here and therefore not of sufficient length for a human to be able to hear it with ease. However, if a signal is available in digital form it can be taken into the computer memory and displayed through a teletypewriter or through a digital display of any known type. Although this approach seems to solve a particular problem, in fact, it is an advance in the wire chief technology since it provides hard copy of measurements made and also more precise displays that the maintenance man can use in his analysis and operation of the exchange and of the outside plant.
Continuing with time T2 it should be noted that line 13 uses one microcycle to perform two-party ground detections. In analyzing FIG. 8, it is noted that because of the requirements for coin collect in lines 9 and 10 during T1 there may be conflict with PBX immediate ringing. This conflict may occur because at the time at which the coin return signal is being sent, namely, microcycle number 1 the immediate ringing requirement for the PBX line may have to be actuated. In the normal course of priorities this may involve the aborting of the coin return signal in favor of an immediate ringing signal for line circuit 2. Also, in timing cycle T2, since line 3 requires the use of a microcycle for line testing and line 13 requries the use of another microcycle for two party detection the ringing cycle during that interval may be reduced to 1/2 its normal length. Section D on FIG. 6 shows line 16 ringing during T1 and line 20 ringing during T2 with no microcycle use and no conflicts. This is in fact the normal condition in the exchange whereas sections A, B, and C are shown during heavy traffic and attempt to illustrate worst case conditions.
Section A through D in FIG. 6 can also illustrate how a discriminating allocation of lines in groups and the use of independent sub-highways can minimize or completely eliminate potential conflicts. For instance, assume that Section A representsone highway not connected to any of the other sections and that we allocate to that section of lines standard telephones and PBS lines. In reviewing the section, if there is no conflict during time T1 other than the deferral of the line testing, no meaningful delays in the operation of the system are caused. During time T2 a microcycle is used for the purpose of performing the line test function where again no conflict exists. Previously there was a conflict with line 13 which would have used another microcycle from T2. Next assume that in line sections B, only coin telephones and standard lines are provided. The only conflict is that one microcycle is used from T1 in extremely heavy traffic conditions. To section C, only two party lines are allocated and again no conflict can be found other than the use of one microcycle during T2 for line 13. Section D shows absolutely no conflicts with line 16 ringing during T1 and 20 ringing during T2.
When the line of the line circuit of FIG. 3 is addressed by the computer, input signals are received on lead ADA and lead BAD from the addressing section. The ADA signal is passed by OR gate G15 to AND gate G1. The BAD signal is to the other input of AND gate G1. Gate G2 passes the signal to one input of gate G10. When the ringing command is recognized by the command section of the line circuit, a signal is sent on ring lead RNG. This ring signal is sent to an input of gate G10 and when the signal coincides with the signal on gate G2 output, the flip-flop comprised of gates G11 and G12 is switched to place a "1" signal on the input to amplifier G16.
Relay RU is energized by this signal. Relay RU on energization operates its contacts, RU1, RU3 and RU4. At contacts RU1 and RU4, a path is closed from the ring bus or ring highway at the tip and ring leads to the stations. Ringing is therefore applied to the lines. (See FIG. 1).
Ringing will stop under the following conditions:
(1) When the calling party abandons the call. Under this conditions, the system control instructs the line to terminate ringing by a signal on lead RST. This signal is applied to an input of gate G13 which puts out a zero, causing the flip-flop comprised of G11/G12 to reset at G11 (0) and G12 (1). Consequently, gate G16 switches to a "1" which in turn causes relay RU to de-energize. One de-energization, contacts RU1, RU3, and RU4 restore and open the path between the ring source and the conductors to the station being rung.
(2) If the called party answers, a more positive voltage appears on the ring lead because of the divider action of resistor MR1 and the lower resistance of the off-hook telephone. Diode A1D6 is forward biased and amplifier A1 goes to GND. As a result, flip-flop G11/G12 is reset via gate G4. Reset of the flip-flop G11/G12 causes relay RU to restore.
For straight line ringing, a ringing current waveform such as that shown on FIG. 6 is provided with the waveform available at the ring source bus. During call processing, the computer determines a line to be rung during a particular time period. By suitable timing controls, the end of an interrupt and the start of a ring burst interval is synchronized with the ring current waveform. With a timing of one second on, one second off in the ring bursts direct sycnhronization may be afforded. With other on-off burst ratios, other synchronizing techniques would be used.
By using the principle shown in FIG. 1, a number of variations are possible. For example, FIG. 6 shows the method by which frequency selective party line ringing may be provided. In FIG. 6, three different frequencies are provided, each during a different time interval of the computer interrupt cycle. A computer of any known type usable herein causes its interrupts IO etc. to occur after each time period T. Thus, party line selective frequency ringing may be applied by time multiplexing the signals of different frequencies, F1 during time T1, F2 during time T2, etc.
In the example drawn by FIG. 6, with an interrupt interval duration of 0.1 seconds and a timing interval of 1.9 seconds, frequency F1 could be applied during period T1, frequency F2 during period T2, etc. by operating the proper RU relay in the line circuit during the proper timing interval.
Also shown in FIG. 6 is a method of using the basic principle shown herein for hotel-motel features within a PBX system. For such systems, using time division principles, straight line ringing may be applied to all stations (whose line circuit RU relay is operated) during period T1. Message waiting signals may be sent to all stations whose line circuit RU relay is operated during interval T2. In similar fashion, Do Not Disturb Signals may be sent during interval T3 and other signals during period T4.
In a system as shown in FIG. 2, the line circuits are grouped in shelves and the shelves are grouped in racks. In one exemplary system, each rack may contain seven line shelves. Of these line shelves, one may contain 80 line circuits and the other six may contain as many as 120 line circuits. There may be as many as 16 line racks in a system including 112 line shelves. A possible implementation of the present concept with minimum conflicts then might be to treat each line shelf as an individual signalling highway which is switched appropriately to the different signal generators or detectors or measurement units through a metallic switch of conventional and simple characteristics.
For the examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, each one of the 112 line shelves in the system is treated as an individual signal highway although of course many of these can be combined together. In this arrangement however, PBX lines and standard lines may be in shelves 0 and 7, coin lines and standard lines in shelves 1 and 8 and two party lines and standard lines in shelves 2 and 9. The rest of the shelves would contain standard straight line ringing or 4-party frequency selective ringing as required.
Viewing FIG. 2, it can be seen that line shelf 0 connected to horizontal conductor Ho normally will receive ringing current through the ringing generator and ground service circuit. Immediate ringing is applied simply by operating the appropriate relay of the appropriate line circuit under computer control. When it is desired to perform line testing on a particular line, say line 79, the crosspoint at the intersection of horizontal conductor Ho and vertical conductor Vo is operated thus disengaging ringing from shelf 0. The crosspoints associated with conductors Ho and V4 are operated for the length of a microcycle, while relay RU of line 79 is also operated for a microcycle.
Similar arrangements would be made for other shelves and other resource circuits. It is worthwhile to note that there are not crosspoints in the intersection between conductors HO and V1 and H6 and V1. Crosspoints can be omitted since these shelves have been allocated to single or two party subscribers, and do not require the resource or signal circuits coupled to the vertical conductors. On the other hand, there is no crosspoint between conductors H111 and V0, but there is a crosspoint between conductors H111 and V1, the reason being that line shelf 111 would require 4-party frequency, selective ringing.
The signalling highway concept offers complete flexibility and the inherent conflict problem due to congestion can be reasonably resolved by the appropriate assignment of special circuits in groups. A very attractive economic feature of these principles arises in full electronic systems such as digital or space division electronic switching systems. Services in such systems which require high voltage or metallic connections to lines can now be offered on a per traffic basis instead of a per line basis without the addition of any further equipment to the line circuit other than the already required ringing relay. The invention as proposed restricts the automatic testing by the system of the line circuit to that achievable through the RG lead. That is the detection of the capability of the line circuit to ring-trip and to correctly recognize dial pulses.
In FIGS. 4 and 5, there is shown, means for providing for bidirectional signalling through a line circuit. The portion of line circuit shown in FIG. 4 can be identified as that on the upper left portion of FIG. 3. By adding and bringing out a lead called RT as shown in FIG. 4 for the ring side and by an additional set of contacts TT from the tip side of the line circuit, we can now generalize completely the signalling highway technique and its line circuit testing capabilities to any and all line circuits for electronic switching equipment where appropriate number of contacts are available in the ringing relay. Thus, a system, to provide complete line testing capabilities from both the tip and ring side would require 5 ringing relay transfer contacts. Whether this number is provided or not is an economic consideration against the additional test value received. In other line circuits a lesser number of contacts may be required for the line circuit function and as long as two transfer contacts are available for the line test circuit function, the common signalling highway can achieve complete line testing from an automatic centralized point.
With reference to FIG. 4, the signal TT is brought to the common highway by connecting to the ring side of the line circuit though contact RU2. FIG. 2 shows how transmission testing can now be accomplished within the context of the common signaling concept for each individual line circuit. This will also include the ability to pass touch tone and the ability to decode pushbutton dial multi-frequency tone signals by the system by going through the wire chief through the common signaling highway. In accordance with this arrangement, the tip lead T of each line circuit is brought in through a set of contacts of the ringing relay RU in the form of a preference change as an additional wire of the common signal highway, thus providing three wires in the common signal highway and allowing access to line circuit tests from the wire chief. Thus we are now able to transmit tones by applying them through the ring lead of the appropriate line circuit and detecting the transmission at a different port. In addition, dial pulses can be transmitted by appropriate interruptions from the wire chief tester through the TT lead and through the ring lead.
In this manner, I have shown an expedient and inexpensive arrangement for providing supervisory and control signals to lines from a switching network which does not have full metallic paths for each party to a call through the switching network.
1. A telephone system having a group of lines with each line directed to one or more stations, a line circuit individual to each line, a switching network, a common control for completing calls through the network to line circuits of calling and called lines, a two-conductor multiplex signaling highway connected in multiple to the line circuits of said group, a plurality of signaling sources each generative of signals of a different type, each signaling source having a path to provide access to the signaling highway, switching means at each said path selectively operative to couple the respective source and its path to the highway, switching means in each line circuit selectively operative to connect the coupled signaling source to the multiplex signaling highway for transmission of signals from the coupled source to any line circuits in which said line circuit switching means are operative, and in which there are further groups of line circuits with a signaling highway individual to each group, the highways and said paths comprising an intersecting matrix with said path switching means at the intersections between highways and certain ones of said paths.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which certain of said signaling sources are sources of analog ringing signals, and others of said sources provide station control signals, and in which the switching means at each path provide a preference chain for predetermined ones of said sources.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1, in which said switching means in each line circuit comprises a ring relay having first and second contact sets for closing a path between said highway and both line conductors, and in which said line relay comprises a third contact set, and a ring trip circuit operated over said third contact set when a called line goes off-hook.
4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said common control comprises a stored program computer for producing interrupts in a timed pattern to multiplex said highway for signals from said sources in time cycle intervals conventional for ringing by operation and restoration of the switching means in the respective line circuits, said computer further interrupting said cycle at predetermined intervals for signals of short duration from certain of said sources, and in which said path switching means includes a switching member operative to open the path to certain sources during one or more of said cycle interrupts.
3066193 November 1962 Brightman
3223787 December 1965 Jorgensen
3898391 August 1975 Schwarzer et al.
3914559 October 1975 Knollman
3916118 October 1975 O'Neill
3935396 January 27, 1976 Barsellotti et al.
3973085 August 3, 1976 Shiff
3978293 August 31, 1976 Feiner
3996424 December 7, 1976 Agricola
Date of Patent: Feb 21, 1978
Assignee: International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (New York, NY)
Inventor: Jose Reines (Glen Ellyn, IL)
Primary Examiner: Thomas W. Brown
Attorneys: James B. Raden, Marvin M. Chaban
Current U.S. Class: 179/18J; 179/18ES; 179/18HB
International Classification: H04M 302;


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The Presidency Won't Change Donald Trump But He Will Change The Presidency
Jan20 by johnapappas
There are elites out there who are hoping that the presidency will change Donald Trump but actually its the other way around, I think Trump will change the presidency. All of us know some elites who live in that perfect world. I have been acquainted with some of these kind of people and I can guarantee you my style of writing so open and blunt is beyond their universe in their perfect world. This is what Trump is and will continue to encounter, the elites of this world who expect a president to talk a certain way, their kind of talk and that is never going to happen with Donald Trump, he is one of us even though he is a billionaire. It has been shown that for decades now that when Trump would walk the streets of New York he would stop and talk to people of all different occupations not to matter if it was a cab driver, truck driver, garbage man and just plain people like you and me. This is the Trump that was and still is, it will be no title of president that will change him so as far as the elites go who walk with their noses up in the air they will never accept him but as he fulfills his promises more of the populace will so it will never matter what the elites think.
The following was posted by Lisa Lerer, published by the Associated Press: "In the 10 weeks since his surprise election as the nation's 45th president, Trump has violated decades of established diplomatic protocol, sent shockwaves through business boardrooms, tested long-standing ethics rules and continued his combative style of replying to any slight with a personal attack — on Twitter and in person."
"Past presidents have described walking into the Oval Office for the first time as a humbling experience, one that in an instant makes clear the weight of their new role as caretaker of American democracy. Trump spent much of his transition making clear he sees things differently: Rather than change for the office, he argues, the office will change for him."
"But Trump's supporters say it's the institutions and Washington — and not the next president — that must change."
"Trump believes that he has a better understanding of how things work in the modern world than all of these so-called critics," said Newt Gingrich, a Trump adviser and former Republican House speaker, who has spoken with the president-elect about his presidency. "That's who he is."
It's refreshing to have a President-elect Donald Trump who ridicules political correctness in the same way you and me have ridiculed it at our kitchen tables and among our closest friends not daring to express our real view in public always with that threat as to who might sue us. This is a liberal (socialist) way that We The People have allowed them to take away our first amendment right of freedom of speech. Trump has connected with the average American who knows that we have been on the verge of losing our freedoms and America. This will all change now, we will have a president for the first time who is one of us which means he will never allow the United States of America to parish.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Associated Press, elites, Lisa Lerer, Newt Gingrich, political correctness, presidency, President Elect Donald Trump.
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One comment on "The Presidency Won't Change Donald Trump But He Will Change The Presidency"


This opening class begins with an essay and documentary by renowned historian Dr. John Henrique Clarke on why studying African history is not only important, but essential to the positive development of Black people. It provides an accurate timeline of world history, and incontrovertible evidence that Africa is not only the birthplace of humanity, but also the cradle of civilization. It dispels the myth that Africa had no history or accomplishments prior to European contact and in fact demonstrates that Africa was light of the world in antiquity, and that Black Africans were progenitors of civilization.


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Blitz Build 2019 Kick Off June 3
Kick Off Ceremony Monday, June 3, 8:30AM
Dedication of 2 Homes, June 14, 12:00PM
SPOKANE, Wash. – Habitat-Spokane's annual Blitz Build kicks off Monday, June 3 with an opening ceremony beginning at 8:30 a.m. at the Blitz Build site located at the 1000 block of South Margaret Street in Deer Park, WA 99006.
Habitat-Spokane has been "Blitz Building" for eighteen years. On average, approximately 1000 supporters throughout the community come together in support of Blitz Build each year. Volunteers, sponsor groups, businesses and community leaders who are willing to partner with Habitat for Humanity-Spokane and support affordable homeownership work side-by-side with current and future Habitat homeowners to build decent, affordable homes for hard-working families in need.
"Blitz Build is an exciting time as volunteers, donors and future homeowners come together to build homes, communities and hope," said Michelle Girardot, CEO for Habitat for Humanity-Spokane. "Spokane is a generous community, and it's incredible to see so many people and organizations come together to build something greater than themselves."
While Habitat-Spokane builds homes year-round, Blitz Build is an accelerated construction effort. For Habitat, it's also an opportunity to raise more awareness of the affordable housing crisis our community is facing.
The Community Indicators Initiative of Spokane website says roughly 45% of Spokane County renters were paying more than 50% of their income on rent in 2017. Very few affordable housing options are available for low-income families. Habitat's Homeownership Program provides a solution to that crisis.
Families who partner with Habitat complete 500 hours of sweat equity building their home and the homes of their future neighbors. They purchase their home and pay an affordable mortgage of no more than 30% of their income. Each family is invested in creating better outcomes for themselves.
Blitz Build efforts will focus on finishing and exterior work for two homes. Habitat-Spokane will also dedicate two recently completed homes at 12:00 p.m. on Friday, June 14th at the same location.
"Few things make me happier than dedication day for a new Habitat homeowner," said Girardot. "Every time I witness someone receive the keys to their new home, I know those keys will open the door to a better future for themselves and their families."
Sponsorship for Blitz Build 2019 is generously provided by: Banner Bank, SRM Development, Washington Trust Bank, Travelers Insurance, Reliance, Umpqua Bank, Itron, and Central Pre-Mix.
To donate to Blitz Build or to sign up to volunteer, visit the Habitat-Spokane website: https://habitat-spokane.org/blitz-build/ or contact Sarah Schaub at sschaub@habitat-spokane.org, (509) 534-2552 ext. 224.
May 29, 2019in Event, Home Dedication, Homeownership, Media Release