Weeds. The bane of gardeners.
Drive around Lubbock and any abandoned spot seems to have carpets of orchid-colored blooms. The blooms are the flowering stage of Lamium amplexicaule (LAM-ee-um am-plex-i-kaw-lee), a pervasive, invasive weed with the common name of henbit. Henbit spells misery to our gardens. Left unchecked, more than 2,000 seeds can be produced from one henbit plant. But seed is not the only way henbit can spread - stems touching the ground will root, forming new plants, which quickly overwhelm entire patches of ground.
Lubbock A-J reader R.R. wanted more information about henbit and how to control it. The first step is correct identification, next control practices. Once established, only constant management can get rid of henbit.
Henbit is a low-growing winter annual with a spreading, sprawling growth habit. It is in the Lamiaceae family, the same family as mint. Some characteristics henbit and mint have in common are square stems and fine hairs on stems and leaves that give foliage a fuzzy texture.
The root is a fine, shallow taproot but once established becomes fibrous.
The small, orchid-colored flowers have dark purple spots on white faces, resembling miniature orchid blossoms. Flowers appear in whorls clusters at stem tips.
As flowers mature they produce nutlike fruits light to dark brown in color, each fruit with four seeds. Henbit readily reseeds.
Leaves of henbit are round with deeply lobed, scalloped margins and appear wrinkled because veins are sunken. Henbit has two types of leaves. Leaves on stems that do not have flowers have petioles, the thin stem-like structures that attach the leaf blade to the stem. The second type is the uppermost leaf that develops just beneath flower clusters; these leaves do not have petioles but attach directly onto the stems and appear to grab the stem.
Recall its species name, amplexicaule, Latin for "clasping" and visually the uppermost leaves do "grab" stems. Leaves appear in pairs, opposite each other along the stem. Leaf margins and stems turn purple as the plant ages.
Chemical control of henbit is possible with pre-emergent herbicides or with post-emergence applications of herbicides that contain 2,4-D. The downside to using 2,4-D at this time of the season is that it does not discriminate henbit from other desirable broadleaf plants that may be injured with applications.
Mechanical control (pulling) of henbit is the most effective way to remove it. It is surprisingly easy to pull but care must be taken to find the base of the plant and make sure to get the root and discard all foliage and flowers.
Stems, leaves, and flowers are reported to be edible for human consumption and can be eaten fresh, cooked or as a tea. As are many wild herbs, henbit is nutritious, high in iron and fiber (ediblewildfood.com).
Warning: Always use caution when consuming a new food such as henbit.
Trivia: henbit is so named because chickens like to eat it.


text:
Your Brain on Hugs
There's nothing quite like getting a warm embrace from a close friend or family member after not seeing them for a long time. As more people are getting vaccinated and re-connecting, touch is slowly coming back into people's lives. One of the things I've enjoyed about living in California is the philosophy of "hugs over handshakes", and while it's taken a backseat during COVID, it's starting to make a comeback.
Without a doubt, touch, and hugs in particular are a pivotal part of human fulfillment and development. Countless studies have shown that touch-deprived children end up with developmental problems, and touch deprivation can lead to health issues like anxiety and depression.
But what actually happens to your brain while hugging?
Hugs Reduce Stress
Think back to the last time you received a good hug, did you feel more calm and relaxed? This is likely due to the release of Oxytocin, which has been dubbed the "cuddle hormone". Researchers have shown the release of this hormone can help reduce inflammation, as well as lower heart rate and stress. Additionally, it can relax your muscles by releasing tension in the body.
Hugs Make Us Happier
Not only do hugs release oxytocin, but they also have been shown to increase serotonin. This is an important hormone that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. There have also been studies that show that hugs can help offset the effects of depression, making subjects feel less depressed and more energetic.
Hugs Boost Our Immune System
One of the side-effects of being chronically stressed is that it makes it easier for you to get sick. In one study, researchers found that those who received hugs were less susceptible to severe signs of sickness. Having a gentle pressure on the sternum can help stimulate the thymus gland which balances the production of white blood cells leading to a healthier body.
Next time you're feeling stressed, instead of resorting to an unhealthy coping mechanism like drugs or alcohol, go for a hug instead!
If you liked this article and think others should read it, please share it on Twitter or Facebook.
© 2021 Andrei Lyskov

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Personnalités

 Aurélie Cousseau (née en 1980), joueuse française de rugby à XV ;
 Gérard Cousseau (né en 1953), dit Gégé, auteur français de bande dessinée ;
 Thomas Cousseau (né en 1968), acteur français.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
L'île de Bled (en ) est une île située sur le lac de Bled et l'unique île de Slovénie.

Elle est connue pour son église néogothique Sainte-Marie du . On trouve encore sur l'île des tombes allant du  au s.

Galerie

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Île en Slovénie
Ile de Bled


text:
Nelson at the Nile, 1798: the Rewards of Victory
Bonaparte's fury at the defeat!
Nelson's stunning victory at Aboukir, off the Nile Delta, in August 1798 was to raise his reputation to a European level. In this battle Nelson brought his force of fifteen ships, of which thirteen were ships-of-the line, close inshore to attack the moored French fleet of thirteen ships of the line and four frigates which had escorted General Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion army to Egypt. The victory was a stunning one, from which only four French vessels escaped. It brought to an end Bonaparte's ambitions to create a new empire in Egypt and Palestine as it isolated his army there without hope of re-supply. Bonaparte himself deserted his army and managed to escape to France to build his personal career.
Nelson, wounded
Nelson was however lucky to survive the battle. By this stage he had already lost one eye and one arm and he was now to receive a severe wound which left the skin of his forehead hanging down over his face. Captain Edward Berry, commanding HMS Vanguard, Nelson's flagship, caught him in his arms and, like all around, including Nelson himself, thought that the wound was fatal. On being carried into the surgeon's cockpit, already littered with wounded, Nelson refused immediate attention with the words, "I will take my turn with my brave fellows!" Convinced that he was dying, he sent for the chaplain, but when the surgeon came to examine and dress the wound, it appeared that it was not mortal. Nelson came back on deck in time to see the most spectacular event of the battle, the explosion of the French flagship, L'Orient.
The destruction of L'Orient by Thomas Luny (1759 – 1837)
Nelson was to receive tokens of recognition of his victory not just from Britain but from her allies. A Victorian-era book listed the awards made for his services in the Mediterranean in the 1798-99 period:
From King George III, a peerage of Great Britain and a gold medal;
From Parliament, for his own life and two next heirs, a pension per annum of £2,000;
From the Parliament of Ireland, a pension per annum of £1,000;
From the East India Company, £10,000;
From the Turkey Company, "a piece of plate of great value";
From the City of London," a magnificent sword";
From the Ottoman Sultan: a diamond aigrette and rich pelisse valued at £3,000.
From the Sultan's mother, a rose brooch set with diamonds, valued at £1,000;
From the Emperor of Russia, a box set with diamonds, valued at £2,500;
From the King of the Two Sicilies, a sword "richly ornamented with diamonds", valued at £5,000;
From the King of Sardinia, a box set with diamonds, valued at £1,200.
In addition to these, all accompanied by complimentary addresses or letters, Nelson received presents from the Island of Zante, the city of Palermo, and private individuals.The most remarkable – and useful – gift of all came however from Captain Benjamin Hallowell of HMS Swiftsure.
At Nelson's funeral in 1805
Seamen from HMS Victory take the flag off the coffin and tear it apart as souvenirs
Captain Hallowell's extraordinary idea came to him in the immediate aftermath of the Nile battle – he had an "elegantly-furnished" coffin constructed by his carpenter from L'Orient's mainmast and he presented as a token of admiration it to Nelson. Given the number of wounds that Nelson had already sustained in his career, having a coffin on hand probably seemed a reasonable measure. Nelson himself appears to have valued the coffin highly and he kept it upright in his cabin on Vanguard for several months. It was into this coffin that Nelson's body was transferred after it arrived back in Britain after the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. It now lies inside Nelson's marble sarcophagus in the crypt of St. Paul's cathedral.
Do you read on Kindle?
Like naval fiction?
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*Presenting set of three sleek rudraksha bracelets for men.
*Extra links provided at the end of each bracelet for adjustability.
*Width of each bracelet is 6.5 mm approx.
*Combination of faux pearls,crystal stones and rudraksha makes this set an eye charmer.


text:
Q: Javascript passing parameter with arrow function I have a class for creating a jquery datatable, it works but I'm having some issue with the following piece of code:
 let table = $("#" + this.name).DataTable();
 table.on( 'click', 'tr td.details-control', function() {
        let detailRows = [];
        let tr = $(this).closest('tr');
        let row = table.row( tr );
        let idx = $.inArray( tr.attr('id'), detailRows );

        if ( row.child.isShown() ) {
            tr.removeClass( 'details' );
            row.child.hide();

            detailRows.splice( idx, 1 );
        }
        else {
            tr.addClass( 'details' );
            let rowData = table.row(tr).data();
            row.child(this.formatChildRows( rowData ) ).show();

            if ( idx === -1 ) {
                detailRows.push( tr.attr('id') );
            }
        }
    } );

Because of the way "this" works in javascript, the function formatChildRows is no longer found as this no longer refers to the class but to the table row, I solved this by changing the code like so:
table.on( 'click', 'tr td.details-control', (event) => {
    ...
} );

The function now runs but the "table" variable is no longer accessible as it is undefined in the arrow function.
I tried plenty of things like:
evt => function(table) {}

instead of:
(event) =>

I thought this might work but the code inside the function is no longer being executed for some reason.
Any ideas?

A: This should work:
const self = this;
table.on( 'click', 'tr td.details-control', function (event){
    row.child(self.formatChildRows( rowData ) ).show();
    ...
} );

But if it is possible you should avoid this keyword, for example you should refer directly to object objectName.formatChildRows().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using InfrastructureAsCode.Core;
using InfrastructureAsCode.Core.oAuth;
using InfrastructureAsCode.Core.Reports;
using InfrastructureAsCode.Core.Reports.o365Graph;
using InfrastructureAsCode.Core.Reports.o365Graph.TenantReport.Mappings;
using InfrastructureAsCode.Powershell.Commands.Base;
using OfficeDevPnP.Core;
using System;
using System.Management.Automation;

namespace InfrastructureAsCode.Powershell.Commands.Reporting
{
    [Cmdlet(VerbsExtended.Report, "IaCUsageAnalytics", SupportsShouldProcess = false)]
    [CmdletHelp("Connects to a Azure AD to claim a token and process a usage report",
        DetailedDescription = "This is a sample for querying the preview MS Graph APIs.",
        Category = "Preview Reporting Cmdlets")]
    public class ReportIaCUsageAnalytics : AzureADALv1Cmdlet
    {
        [Parameter(Mandatory = true)]
        public ReportUsageEnum ReportType { get; set; }

        [Parameter(Mandatory = true)]
        public ReportUsageTypeEnum ReportUsageType { get; set; }

        [Parameter(Mandatory = true)]
        public ReportUsagePeriodEnum Period { get; set; }

        [Parameter(Mandatory = true)]
        public Nullable<DateTime> Date { get; set; }

        [Parameter(Mandatory = false, ValueFromPipeline = false)]
        public SwitchParameter BetaEndPoint { get; set; }

        [Parameter(Mandatory = false, ValueFromPipeline = false)]
        public string DataDirectory { get; set; }

        public override void ExecuteCmdlet()
        {
            base.ExecuteCmdlet();

            var productionEnvironment = AzureEnvironment.Production;
            var defaultRows = 500;
            var _dateLog = DateTime.UtcNow;
            var _fileName = ReportType.ToString("f");
            var _logger = new DefaultUsageLogger(LogVerbose, LogWarning, LogError);
            _logger.LogInformation("Report => Usage Type {0} Period {1}", ReportType, Period);

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(DataDirectory))
            {
                var logFileModel = new ReportDirectoryHandler(DataDirectory, _fileName, _dateLog, _logger);

                // Deleting log file;
                logFileModel.ResetCSVFile();

                var _reportingProcessor = new ReportingProcessor(productionEnvironment, this.Connection.AzureADCredentials, _logger);
                var response = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport(ReportUsageType, Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                logFileModel.WriteToCSVFile(response);
            }
            else
            {

                var _reportingProcessor = new ReportingProcessor(productionEnvironment, this.Connection.AzureADCredentials, _logger);

                if (ReportType == ReportUsageEnum.Office365)
                {

                    var office365ActiveUsersUserDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<Office365ActiveUsersUserDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var office365ActiveUsersServicesUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<Office365ActiveUsersServicesUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var office365ActiveUsersUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<Office365ActiveUsersUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);

                }
                else if (ReportType == ReportUsageEnum.Office365Groups)
                {
                    var varOffice365GroupsActivityCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<Office365GroupsActivityCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varOffice365GroupsActivityDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<Office365GroupsActivityDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);

                }
                else if (ReportType == ReportUsageEnum.Skype)
                {
                    var varSkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityMinuteCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityMinuteCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessPeerToPeerActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityMinuteCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityMinuteCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessParticipantActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityMinuteCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityMinuteCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessOrganizerActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageDistributionUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageDistributionUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageUserDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageUserDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var varSkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessDeviceUsageUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var skypeForBusinessActivityUserDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessActivityUserDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var skypeForBusinessActivityCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessActivityActivityCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var skypeForBusinessActivityUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SkypeForBusinessActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);

                }
                else if (ReportType == ReportUsageEnum.OneDrive)
                {
                    var onedriveactivityuserdetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveActivityUserDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var onedriveactivityusercounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var onedriveactivityfilecounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveActivityFileCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);

                    var onedriveausageaccountdetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveUsageAccountDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var onedriveusageaccountcounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveUsageAccountCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var onedriveusagefilecounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveUsageFileCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var onedriveusagestorage = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<OneDriveUsageStorage>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                }
                else if (ReportType == ReportUsageEnum.SharePoint)
                {
                    var sharePointActivityUserDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointActivityUserDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointActivityFileCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointActivityFileCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointActivityUserCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointActivityUserCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointActivityPages = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointActivityPages>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);

                    var sharePointSiteUsageSiteDetail = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointSiteUsageSiteDetail>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointSiteUsageFileCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointSiteUsageFileCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointSiteUsageSiteCounts = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointSiteUsageSiteCounts>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointSiteUsageStorage = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointSiteUsageStorage>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                    var sharePointSiteUsagePages = _reportingProcessor.ProcessReport<SharePointSiteUsagePages>(Period, Date, defaultRows, BetaEndPoint);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Doctor Who: Prepare the Timelash!!
Show Notes for Episode 0 - You Were Expecting Someone Else?
In this episode, Mike referenced a really good Sixth Doctor comic story published in Doctor Who Magazine and written by Paul Cornell, but whiffed on remembering minor details like, oh, the actual story title. The comic was actually co-written by Paul Cornell and John Freeman, drawn by Lee Sullivan, and is titled Emperor of the Daleks. It (among other stories) can be found in trade paperback form.
Also referenced in this episode is the long-out-of-print Virgin Missing Adventures novel Millennial Rites, written by Craig Hinton. We won't be covering this book in the podcast, but if you can find a used copy that doesn't cost a small fortune, by all means get it – it's a great read!
Other non-fiction books about Doctor Who that we used for reference material for this episode:
The Key to Time: A Year by Year Record, by Peter Haining (1984)
Doctor Who The Handbook: The Sixth Doctor, by David J Howe, Mark Stammers and Stephen James Walker (1993)
Totally Tasteless: The Life of John Nathan-Turner, by Richard Marson (2013)
Show Twitter:
@preparethepod
Ken & Mike's Twitter:
@KenHartWriter
@MikeFerguson454
An in-depth look at Colin Baker's tenure as the Sixth Doctor in Doctor Who. Each month, your hosts Ken Hart and Mike Ferguson celebrate the overlooked moments of this era worth praising, criticize the things that went wrong, and lament "what could've been". Help yourself to a bracing glass of carrot juice and come join us!


Our music magazine style 'Louder' notebook is a great pressie for the want-to-be rock god in your life! Simply add your personalised message and photo to this design by selecting 'Personalise this Gift'. Choose from larger format A4 or handy size A5. Both sizes are available with lined or plain paper.


POWER provided Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) testing of new line protection relay settings required with the addition of a substation to a leading utility's transmission network. The substation was a new switching station that connects eight 345 kV transmission lines with remote terminations at two different utilities' substations. Due to uncertain transient effects of the series capacitors during fault events, the utility required RTDS testing of the settings applied to line protection at both ends of all eight lines. POWER developed the RTDS power system model from data provided by the client. POWER calculated relay settings at each line terminal for RTDS testing. Simulated faults were applied at various locations under various load flow conditions. Fault locations were selected to give the relaying system the most challenging conditions. If relays operated incorrectly, results were analyzed and POWER provided recommended settings or scheme design changes to correct the issue.


German police have arrested a 50-year-old Afghan-German man suspected of passing military secrets to Iran, Germany's federal prosecutor's office announced.
The man, identified only as Abdul Hamid S., is expected to go before a judge later Tuesday.
Hamid S. was arrested in Rhineland-Palatinate state in south-west Germany and. He is suspected of having worked for Iran for several years, according to German news site Spiegel Online. He had access to highly classified material including troop deployment information and specific missions in Afghanistan.
The German military often uses native-born interpreters to accompany troops on patrol in Afghanistan, Reuters reported.
The news of Hamid S comes as intelligence officials across Europe have raised concerns about what they see as Tehran's growing espionage attempts through cyberattacks.
In July, Germany's domestic intelligence agency reported that Iran had expanded its cyberattack capabilities and posed a danger to German companies and research institutions.
In January, the foreign ministry summoned Iran's ambassador to reprimand Tehran for spying on individuals and groups with close ties to Israel.
The allegations of espionage and cyberattacks by Iran come at a time when Europe is working to preserve the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran.
Iran's 2015 accord with world leaders caps the level to which it is able to enrich uranium. President Trump pulled out of the historic deal last May, calling it flawed. Instead, the U.S. reimposed sanctions on Iran.


text:
A New Route to IEC Fusion Proposed
Nuclear fusion might be achieved in a preheated cylindrical container immersed in strong magnetic fields. A series of computer simulations performed at Sandia National Laboratories show the release of output energy that was, remarkably, many times greater than the energy fed into the simulation.
Sandia Prototype Magnetic Electrostatic Confinement
Sandia researcher Steve Slutz, lead author of the paper published at Physical Review Letters said, "People didn't think there was a high-gain option for magnetized inertial fusion (MIF) but these numerical simulations show there is. Now we have to see if nature will let us do it. In principle, we don't know why we can't." Take that to mean "might" moves to "could".
The Sandia team is talking about high-gain or quite substantial returns past breakeven reactions.
Before we get too far lets have a very brief refresher. The two leading Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (ICE) paths are from Dr. Robert Bussard with quite a bit of design information and the Rostocker design handled quietly by Tri-Alpha Energy. Add to those the plasma method gaining ground designed and led by Eric Lerner. The easiest comparison is the Bussard confinement design – a semi spherical (essentially a cube) volume held by magnetic fields within which fusion is occurring and expected to get past breakeven.
Where Sandia Lab team diverges is the semi sphere is instead a cylinder.
Two years ago the Sandia team proposed the cylinder idea with simulations that offered, "significant fusion yields may be obtained by pulsed-power-driven implosions of cylindrical metal liners onto magnetized (>T) 10 and preheated (100–500 eV) deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel." What was learned was key, the cylinder idea builds a confinement strong enough to hold in the heat and keep the alpha particles inside – that keeps the energy loss way down. More simulations and tests were planned . . .
This year the press release explains the MIF technique heats the fusion fuel (deuterium-tritium) by compression as in normal inertial fusion, but uses a magnetic field to suppress heat loss during implosion. The magnetic field surrounds a small liner so together they act like a kind of shower curtain to prevent charged particles like electrons and alpha particles from leaving the party early and draining energy from the reaction.
At the top and bottom of the liner are two slightly larger coils that, when electrically powered, create a joined vertical magnetic field that penetrates into the liner, reducing energy loss from charged particles attempting to escape through the liner's walls.
Once set up the simulated process relies upon a single, relatively low-powered laser to preheat a deuterium-tritium gas mixture that sits within the liner.
Z Machine Cross Section View.
An extremely strong magnetic field is created on the surface of the liner by a separate, very powerful electrical current, generated by a pulsed power accelerator such as the Sandia Z accelerator machine. The force of this huge magnetic field pushes the liner inward to a fraction of its original diameter. It also compresses the magnetic field emanating from the coils. The combination is powerful enough to force atoms of gaseous fuel into intimate contact with each other, fusing them.
Sandia's Old Saturn Pulsed Power Machine, Predecessor to the Z Machine, In Operation.
What they get is an implosion, everything crashing in rather than exploding out. The product we're interested in is heat, and the new work shows there is a lot of it.
Heat released from that reaction raises the gaseous fuel's temperature high enough to ignite a layer of frozen and therefore denser deuterium-tritium fuel coating the inside of the liner. The heat transfer is similar to the way kindling heats a log: when the log ignites, the real heat – here high-yield fusion from ignited frozen fuel – begins.
Tests of physical equipment necessary to validate the computer simulations are already under way at Sandia's Z accelerator. Sandia engineer Dean Rovang expects a laboratory result by late 2013. Sandia has already performed preliminary tests of the coils. Portions of the design are slated to receive their first tests this month and continue into early winter.
The team is already on the suspected problems. The potential ones already seen involve controlling instabilities in the liner and in the magnetic field that might prevent the fuel from constricting evenly, an essential condition for a useful implosion. Even isolating the factors contributing to this hundred-nanosecond-long compression event, in order to adjust them, will be challenging.
Sandia manager Daniel Sinars said, "Whatever the difficulties we still want to find the answer to what Slutz (and co-author Roger Vesey) propose: Can magnetically driven inertial fusion work? We owe it to the country to understand how realistic this possibility is."
There will not be a history making result, though. As Sandia's Z machine can bring a maximum of only 26 million amperes to bear upon a target, the researchers would be happy with a proof-of-principle result called scientific break-even, in which the amount of energy leaving the target equals the amount of energy put into the deuterium-tritium fuel.
This route would be fueled by deuterium-tritium available from seawater, the most plentiful material on earth.
Here's the closing "Wow" statement the team gets from developing the simulations: the output demonstrated was 100 times that of a 60 million amperes input current. The output rose steeply as the current increased: 1,000 times input was achieved from an incoming pulse of 70 million amperes.
It seems there's plenty of room for energy conversion from heat to electricity. Keep it going Sandia!
Matt Musson on March 22, 2012 7:38 AM
The key here is that these calculations are all built upon simulations which are predicated by assumptions. And, everytime I am confronted with large numbers of assumptions I am reminded of Gray's Paradox.
Gray's Paradox
IN 1936 Sir James Gray observed the sea mammals swimming at a swift rate of more than 20 miles per hour, but his studies had concluded that the muscles of dolphins simply weren't strong enough to support those kinds of speeds.
Finally, after 75 years, utilizing millions of dollars worth of state-of-the-art water flow diagnostic technology and high speed super computers, researchers made a startling
discovery: Gray was wrong. Dolphins were stronger than he thought.
jim hargis on March 23, 2012 4:50 PM
Thanks for your time and expertise in compiling this information. However some of your "aside" comments are very misleading.
Specifically, as you know, this is _not_ "IEC", but Magnetic Confinement, hence the headline is wrong. The intense magnetic field drives the nuclei together (radially), Instead Bussard's magnetic field collects and cirulates electrons. The IEC device electrostatic field drives the nuclei together.
Sandia's project uses a magnetically collapsed metal container. "Can Crushing" has been investiated by many hobbyists, which use up to 100Kilo Amps. ( see http://205.243.100.155/frames/shrinkergallery.html)
Sandia has extensive software and hardware developed for Inertial Confinement (IC) projects, which used dozens of high power focussed laser beams and even X-rays to crush tiny "fuel pellets"), as part of the "National Ignition" fusino project (http://www.sandia.gov/capabilities/pulsed-power/hedicf/).
Reportedly the Z machine is the worlds largest pulse generator with 18M amps for 10ns. Unlike Sir James Gray (and many others), Sandia's scientists validate and test their models.
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Jasmine on February 9, 2014 4:16 PM
There's certainly a great deal to learn about this topic.
I love all of the points you made.
Salvador on February 23, 2014 6:03 AM
Hello colleagues, its wonderful article about educationand entirely explained, keep it up all the time.


text:
Q: replacing multiple lines in shell script with only one output file I have one file Length.txt having multiples names (40) line by line.
I want to write a small shell script where it will count the character count of each line of the file and if the count is less than 9 replace those lines with adding extra 8 spaces and 1 at the end of each line.
For example, if the name is
XXXXXX

replace as
XXXXXX        1

I tried with the below coding. It is working for me, however whenever it's replacing the line it is displaying all the lines at a time.
So suppose I have 40 lines in Length.txt and out of that 4 lines having less than 9 character count then my output has 160 lines.
Can anyone help me to display only 40 line output with the 4 changed lines?
#!/usr/bin/sh
#set -x

while read line;
do
count=`echo $line|wc -m`
        if [ $count -lt 9 ]
        then
        Number=`sed -n "/$line/=" Length.txt`;
        sed -e ""$Number"s/$line/$line       1/" Length4.txt
        fi
done < Length.txt

A: A single sed command can do that:
sed -E 's/^.{,8}$/&        1/' file

To modify the contents of the file add -i:
sed -iE 's/^.{,8}$/&        1/' file

Partial output:
94605320        1
105018263
2475218231
7728563        1
        1

* Fixed to include only add 8 spaces not 9, and include empty lines. If you don't want to process empty lines, use {1,8}.

A: $ cat foo.input
I am longer than 9 characters
I am also longer than 9 characters
I am not
Another long line
short

$ while read line; do printf "$line"; (( ${#line} < 9 )) && printf "        1"; echo; done < foo.input
I am longer than 9 characters
I am also longer than 9 characters
I am not        1
Another long line
short        1

A: Let me show you what is wrong with your script. The only thing missing from your script is that you need to use sed -i to edit file and re-save it after making the replacement.
I'm assuming Length4.txt is just a copy of Length.txt?
I added sed -i to your script and it should work now:
cp Length.txt Length4.txt
while read line;
do
count=`echo $line|wc -m`
        if [ $count -lt 9 ]
        then
        Number=`sed -n "/$line/=" Length.txt`
        sed -ie ""$Number"s/$line/$line       1/" Length4.txt
        fi
done < Length.txt

However, you don't need sed or wc. You can simplify your script as follows:
while IFS= read -r line
do
    count=${#line}
    if (( count < 9 ))
    then
        echo "$line        1"
    else
        echo "$line"
    fi
done < Length.txt > Length4.txt

A: $ awk -v FS= 'NF<9{$0=sprintf("%s%*s1",$0,8,"")} 1' file
XXXXXX        1

Note how simple it would be to check for a number other than 9 characters and to print some sequence of blanks other than 8.


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