Yesterday, R. Aharon Lichtenstein's earthly voice fell silent. The world and the Jewish community have lost a giant of Torah, and his thousands and thousands of students have lost a teacher. I can't quite call myself his student, at least in the direct sense of the word. I spent five weeks at Yeshivat Har Etzion in the summer of 1997, but was not in R. Aharon's shiur, nor did I have any substantive discussions with him. Nonetheless, his passing has hit me, and I am moved to share some reflections on how not only his Torah, but his institutional impact continues to shape me.
Like about 70 percent of my high school classmates at Ramaz, I did not spend a year studying in Israel between high school and college. The de rigeur nature of that year of study was still taking root at Ramaz at that time and it was presented to me as a kind of spiritual and intellectual inoculation against the dangers of university life. I didn't bite and went off to university.
As college wore on, my thirst for serious Jewish learning deepened. While I devoted significant time to my own learning, I began to feel the limits of Talmud Torah without an immersive community. As my senior year drew to a close, I had a summer to spare. Seeking an intensive, religious Zionist environment, it seemed there was really only one place to turn: the world of Torah contained in Yeshivat Har Etzion, with R. Yehuda Amital and R. Aharon Lichtenstein at its helm.
That summer was challenging for me in a whole host of ways, but the Beit Midrash there had a profound, deep and lasting impact on me. From almost the first moment I entered it, it seemed the iconic Beit Midrash, and in many ways still seems so. The space was full, energy pulsated through it, and cadre after cadre of students devoted endless hours to Torah. When considering the relative youth of the institution—it was less than 30 years old when I attended—this is nothing short of remarkable. When one considers the broader impact of the yeshiva, its extensive influence is hard to fathom. It is fair to say that alumni of this mekom torah form the backbone of the entire religious Zionist educational elite in Israel.
These facts elicit the question: How? What has been the key to this success?
There are of course many answers and many factors, and I don't pretend to have a handle on all of them. Others will write more effectively about R. Aharon's method of learning and those with close relationships will convey their more private moments with this unusual genius. For my brief stint at Yeshivat Har Etzion, a few key elements of R. Aharon's character and leadership stood out. I offer them in tribute to his memory.
On Hullin 60b, R. Shimon b. Pazi reconstructs for us how the Torah goes—in half a sentence—from speaking about the sun and the moon as שני המאורות הגדולים (the two great lights) to המאור הגדול (the great light—the sun) and המאור הקטן (the lesser light—the moon). The moon, originally equal in size to the sun, claims that "two kings cannot share a single crown." God, seemingly accepting this sad truth of realpolitik, diminishes the moon's stature, to ensure that there will be only one king in the sky—the sun. The story ends with a twist: God feels guilty for doing this, and each month when the moon renews itself on Rosh Hodesh, God orders a special offering of atonement be brought. This חטאת לה' aims to expiate God's error, as it were, in failing to find a way for the sun and the moon to share the heavens equally.
Rosh Hodesh thus includes a monthly elegy for failed efforts at joint leadership. R. Aharon's passing on the 1st of Iyyar is thus highly fitting, as he and his partner R. Amital modeled what this leadership could and should look like in every institution. One of the most striking things about learning at Yeshivat Har Etzion was the feeling that one was in the presence of these two rashei yeshiva and that their respective strengths—and even their differences of opinion—only strengthened one another and the institution. The realpolitik of R. Shimon b. Pazi's story is the norm in the world: R. Aharon was able to embody the counter narrative that the story yearns for. Before shared leadership was a buzz word in organizational theory, R. Aharon and R. Amital were living it and showing how it is done. This remains a powerful memory and model for me.
When the Biblical Aharon suffers a devastating loss and falls silent, Moshe offers him words of direction, perhaps even comfort, when he says that God is sanctified through those who are closest and receives glory and honor through the entire people. In reflecting on R. Aharon's passing, these words strike me as particularly fitting.
First, R. Aharon was someone who exuded being close to God. I don't know how to say it other than that. Even glancing impressions of him, through an intensive shiur klali, a seudah shlishit derashah, a "press conference" where students could ask what was on their mind all pointed to this quality. This was a man not only of deep knowledge, but wisdom, one whose thoughts always seemed deliberate and nuanced. He was deeply sensitive to the challenges of the day and knew how to dispense his opinions selectively and powerfully with extraordinary effectiveness. While R. Aharon was no spiritual guru, one had a sense that הקדוש ברוך הוא was sanctified by having this wise teacher close at hand. בקרבי אקדש.
But most striking to me is how R. Aharon's channeling of divine wisdom redounded to the benefit of so many others and built such a legacy beyond himself. So many spiritual leaders create a vortex around themselves, inviting others to become increasingly fascinated by the idiosyncracies and preferences of their mentor. Like all gedolim, R. Aharon inspired a near-worshipful reverence among his students. But his force was far more centrifugal than centripedal. He shaped generations of students, rabbis and educators. He leaves behind a body of writing—one that is sure to grow significantly in posthumous form—but more important, he leaves behind legions of people who will continue to do his work.
And he leaves behind admirers from an uncommonly broad spectrum of Jews. In our fractious age, R. Aharon's passing has managed to elicit mournful reflections that span political parties and various camps in the Israeli public. His impact on American Judaism was more moderate, almost exclusively limited to the Modern Orthodox camp, though more than realize it drink his Torah and hear his perspective from his many students active in the field of education. The true glory of his life's accomplishments can be felt through the breadth of his impact in so many quarters. על פני כל העם אכבד.
Mishnah Kinnim 3:6 relates to us the paradoxical fact that a ram, in life, makes a single sound with its voice, whereas in death, it makes seven. Its two horns become trumpets, its two thigh bones become flutes, its skin makes a drum, and its innards form the strings of lyres and harps.
R. Aharon's voice in life was nothing if not one. In fact, this seemingly effortless intellectual and spiritual synthesis was one of the most compelling things about him. He would weave a reference to Lord Byron into a halakhic analysis of abortion, integrate quotes from Shakespeare into divrei torah and otherwise model how all of a person's learning could be unified into one life perspective. For those who knew him well, this integrity most powerfully revealed itself on the moral plane, such that there was no daylight between his ideals and his lived self. But most striking to me was how calm and unruffled he was. Like Whitman, many great men who contain multitudes self-perceive as living in contradiction and conflict. Indeed, many great educators leverage this feeling of inner conflict to engage their students in their struggles. But R. Aharon's dialectic always seem to me to eschew drama; instead, he calmly pursued truth, nuance and honesty, all of which, he confidently projected, could be found through the deep pursuit of Torah. And all of this he held together with great grace and power. כשהוא חי, קולו אחד.
In the years ahead, I hope we will see the fruits of his colossal institutional efforts and successes in the symphonic expansion of this unified voice. With his passing, different strands of his approach may more fully flower. As befits him, his legacy is unlikely to simply be a faded carbon copy of himself, but an ongoing centrifugal energy that emerges from the years of investment in students to find their own voices in Torah. I am privileged to know and work with many of them. I also hope that his teaching will transcend some of the boundaries that limited it in life, in particular his aversion to the academic study of Talmud. Where R. Aharon saw the threat of historicism, some of his students are paving the way to finding God's glory in the Jewish people's engagement with the divine word across time and space. I hope that in some small way, in keeping with the short time I spent in his presence, I can add my voice to that chorus as well. כשהוא מת קולו שבעה.
I will close with a word of gratitude to Yeshivat Har Etzion and a piece of R. Aharon's Torah that I still remember 18 years later. Those five weeks I spent in Alon Shvut lit me on fire. I came in with a thirst for Torah; I left famished. In relative terms, I learned a tremendous amount in those five weeks; much more important, I was launched into a decade of intensive learning that I did not know I had in me. As I think about how to inspire my own students, I am continually drawn back, through my own memories and those of my colleagues who spent many years there, to the model of Yeshivat Har Etzion and to the figure of R. Aharon. Their capacity to inspire an intensive journey into Talmud Torah feels unparalleled. While I owe many other more significant debts to other teachers and institutions, I am always struck by the impact of my short time there.
R. Aharon explained that this was no mere simple contrast between hitting and speaking. Rather, Rashi was hinting at what was needed in this moment, after 40 years of wandering in the desert. By this point in time, R. Aharon suggested, the people had reached the miracle saturation point. Rocks had been hit before and produced water; every morning, bread descended from the heavens and every evening, quail would mysteriously appear out of the sky to fulfill their cravings. To all of this, the Israelites had become jaded. These sacred miracles had become mundane and commonplace. Moshe's calling in that moment was not to do a "garden-variety" miracle. Rather, he needed to sanctify God by "kicking it up a notch" and performing a miracle that had not yet happened, producing water through speech alone. The people needed to be awakened from their spiritual slumber and brought back into the presence of God after too many years of becoming inured to the magic of divine immanence. This was a broader message for the spiritual life: There is a constant need to make the miraculous that has become commonplace miraculous again, and there are grave costs if we fail to do so.
This piece of Torah encapsulates for me the magic of R. Aharon's world of learning at its best. There is nothing more commonplace than Jews learning Torah. It is simply what they do, and it is easy to forget how miraculous this notion is. A transcendent, powerful, commanding God reveals the Torah, but instead of simply demanding compliance, invites human beings to toil in its meaning, to offer their interpretations and to become partners in applying this divine blueprint to the world in which they live. What is more surprising and miraculous than that? But we need leaders who can speak that truth to us, model it for us, and soften the rocks that all too easily form in our spiritual core to release the living waters of Torah. R. Aharon inspired a generation to rediscover the miraculous energy contained in Jewish learning. May we merit using our own voices to convey that infectious excitement to others.


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Q: Number theory : Sum of two squares : Let $p$ be a prime. Prove that if both $p$ and $pa$ can be written as a sum of two squares, then so is $a$.
My attempt :
By Fermat's two square theorem, the expression of a prime, $p\equiv1\bmod{4}$ as the sum of two squares is unique.
Let $p = x^2+y^2$
Suppose $gcd(x,y) \not= 1$, let $gcd(x,y)=d$
then $d\mid x$, $d\mid y$ so $d^2\mid x^2+y^2$ i.e., $d^2\mid p$, contradiction.
so $gcd(x,y) =1$ then there exists $t_1, t_2 \in\mathbb{Z}$ that $t_1x+t_2y=1$
so $a = at_1x+at_2y$

A: Suppose $p = {x_1}^2 + {y_1}^2$ and $ap = {x_2}^2 + {y_2}^2$.
$$(x_1x_2+y_1y_2)(x_1x_2-y_1y_2) = {x_1}^2{x_2}^2 - {y_1}^2{y_2}^2 = {x_2}^2({x_1}^2 + {y_1}^2) - {y_1}^2({x_2}^2 + {y_2}^2) \equiv 0 \mod p$$
So at least on of $(x_1x_2+y_1y_2)$ and $(x_1x_2-y_1y_2)$ is a multiple of $p$.
Suppose without loss of generality that $p\mid (x_1x_2+y_1y_2)$. (If not, set $x_1' = -x_1$)
Consider $ap^2 = (x_1x_2+y_1y_2)^2 + (x_1y_2-x_2y_1)^2$.
Since $p\mid (x_1x_2+y_1y_2)$, we must also have $p\mid(x_1y_2-x_2y_1)$.
Thus $\frac{x_1x_2+y_1y_2}{p}$ and $\frac{x_1y_2-x_2y_1}{p}$ are both integers and
$$a = \left( \frac{x_1x_2+y_1y_2}{p} \right)^2+\left( \frac{x_1y_2-x_2y_1}{p} \right)^2$$

A: Your problem can actually be solved using Gaussian integers. As a consequence of  the ramification of primes in $\mathbf Z [i]$, it is classically known that an integer $x$ is a sum of two squares iff for any prime $l \equiv 3$ mod $4$, the exponent $v_l (x)$ of $l$ in the rational prime decomposition of $x$ is even, see e.g. Samuel's ANT chap.V, §5.6. Here $v_l (pa) = v_l(p) + v_l(a)= v_l(a)$ (because $l\neq p$) is even by hypothesis, and you are done.

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News Newport News
When home internet access is too expensive, low-income residents turn to other resources
Keisha Waller discusses the how the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton provides internet access for community members in the the southeast peninsula.
Matt JonesStaff writer
Davion O'Neal ran up the street, two of his friends close behind. Out of nowhere, a blue car jumped the curb and screeched to a stop in front of him.
Pressing the space bar, he hopped onto the roof of the car.
O'Neal and his friends are playing a game on Roblox, a multiplayer online gaming platform based in a world built of Lego-like blocks. It's one of the games they're encouraged to play in the computer lab at the Citizens Boys and Girls Club on Shell Road in Hampton to promote teamwork and good communication skills.
He couldn't do this at home — his family doesn't have internet.
It's not an uncommon story. About 57 percent of Newport News and 74 percent of Hampton households had broadband in 2017, according to the Census Bureau.
Joseph Belk, 8, was playing another game on a Chromebook laptop provided by the club. He does have internet at home, but he has to share a computer with the rest of his family.
Jonathon Gruenke / Daily Press
Khileigh Brown uses a computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019.
Khileigh Brown uses a computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019. (Jonathon Gruenke / Daily Press)
"My sister gets it on Sunday, my brother gets it on Monday and I get it on Saturday," Belk said. "The rest of the week my mom has to use it."
According to survey data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau, about 40 percent of the households near the Boys and Girls Club unit didn't have a subscription to an internet service between 2013 and 2017.
About 18 percent of households in that census tract, bounded by Shell Road and Pembroke Avenue, didn't have a computer.
It's just a matter of providing the service at a cheaper price. A lot of people don't have service because it's just too expensive ... — Sheila McAllister, Newport News director of planning
"You do have a lot of them who are, you know, not as fortunate. So, computers, laptops, things like that aren't common in their household," unit director Keisha Waller said.
She said she regularly sees the benefits of giving students the opportunity to play online in teams, not just for homework for research, like they had been doing earlier in the day about historic African-American figures.
"It causes them to interact positively, too," Waller said. "The computer brings them together as a whole."
Internet statistics can vary significantly between neighborhoods.
In the census tract that includes downtown Newport News, about 50 percent didn't have internet between 2013 and 2017. In another, adjacent to Richneck Elementary School, only 7.5 percent didn't have internet.
That first part of Newport News had a median annual income of about $25,000 during that time period, compared to about $51,000 for the city as a whole. Near Richneck, the median income was about $77,500.
Internet providers have infrastructure across the area, according to Newport News director of planning Sheila McAllister.
"It's just a matter of providing the service at a cheaper price," McAllister said. "A lot of people don't have service because it's just too expensive for them to have."
When broadband is too expensive
Cox Communications offers a low-cost plan that provides broadband and a free Wi-Fi modem for $9.95 a month to households participating in certain benefits programs with a school-aged child.
But, said Yugonda Sample-Jones, a southeast Newport News resident and community activist, that still excludes some low-income residents.
"They can't get the $9 special because they owe a past bill, so therefore they don't have internet," Sample-Jones said.
Other residents might rely on cellphones. About 6 percent of Hampton and 8 percent of Newport News households used only cell data plans for internet access in 2017.
There are a few places southeast Newport News residents can find free Wi-Fi, such as the McDonald's on Jefferson Avenue.
Community resources include computer labs at Ridley Place's Family Investment Center and the Pearl Bailey Public Library on Wickham Avenue, although both have limited hours.
For children who are members, Boys and Girls clubs also can provide an opportunity to get online. At the Citizen's unit, Wi-Fi, internet safety classes and printers are available.
Micah Pretlow, right, talks with Lyric Baskerville while using computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019.
Micah Pretlow, right, talks with Lyric Baskerville while using computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019. (Jonathon Gruenke / Daily Press)
Kids could go to a library, Waller said, but they need parental assistance to get a library card.
"If you already have a parent who's not very active in your life, it's hard to get them to," she said.
Schools lend helping hotspot
Hundreds of students in Newport News and Hampton have gained internet access in the last couple of years thanks to schools and cellphone provider Sprint.
Newport News Public Schools started participating in the Sprint 1Million project last school year. Sprint provides mobile devices — either a Wi-Fi hotspot, cellphone or tablet — for free to high school students who don't have internet access.
The district issued about 640 devices last year, according to Brandie Wright, who coordinates the program for the district. So far this year, it has issued about 200.
"To be honest, I think we were actually pleasantly surprised that it wasn't as many students that didn't have internet access, based on our demographics," Wright said. "However, we know that the population is still there and it's very distinct for our school district."
I think we were actually pleasantly surprised that it wasn't as many students that didn't have internet access, based on our demographics. — Brandie Wright, who coordinates device program for Newport News Public Schools
Most students in the program, according to Wright, didn't have a device of their own to use for homework.
Now students who can't make it to school or are suspended can complete some school work. Wright said students also use hotspots and tablets to finish graduation requirements through online classes if they didn't graduate on time in May.
"I've seen (teachers reaching out) more this year than last year, which is good because that has told me that the word has gotten around that we have this program available," Wright said.
Hampton City Schools joined the program this school year. James Maxlow, tech support manager for Hampton schools, said the district has issued 548 hotspots since October.
The hotspots compliment other device programs, according to Maxlow.
In Hampton, all students from fifth grade up get Google Chromebook laptops. Three Newport News high schools provide those to students.
"There's just a lot more engaging instructional experiences they can provide while at home," Maxlow said. "We have cases where students are checking their Google classrooms and interacting with teachers each evening through this program."
Jayden Lee, left, and Javon Lee use computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019.
Jayden Lee, left, and Javon Lee use computers at the Boys and Girls Club in Hampton Thursday evening February 7, 2019. (Jonathon Gruenke / Daily Press)
Plans for future
Newport News director of library services Sonia Alcantara-Antoine said city libraries are working on a plan to loan out Wi-Fi hotspots.
"If you are in the digital divide — where you don't have access to technology or you don't have the skills to be able to use a computer to access those government forms or get your prescriptions filled or fill out that online job application — it makes it extremely hard for you to just get ahead," Alcantara-Antoine said.
The program will start with the Bailey library, likely within the next year, and expand if it proves successful, Alcantara-Antoine said.
That library serves some of the communities where broadband is the scarcest, including the Marshall Courts and Ridley Place public housing communities.
About 64 percent of Ridley Place households don't have access to a computer with internet at home, according to a city assessment.
Newport News is one of four national finalists eligible to receive up to $30 million to redevelop and transform public housing communities.
The city and the Newport News Redevelopment and Housing Authority are familiar with the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Choice Neighborhood program....
Newport News is one of four 2018 finalists for federal Choice Neighborhoods Initiative grants of up to $30 million to revitalize the Marshall-Ridley area.
McAllister said the city started a broadband study in conjunction with a consultant in southeast Newport News in August. Her office is in the process of reviewing the results.
Internet access proposals floated as part of the grant include increasing the number of computer labs in the area and creating a network of Wi-Fi hotspots, possibly using existing utilities such as light poles.
Sample-Jones, who is serving as a community liaison in the CNI grant process, hopes that the city can use its young people to help implement the initiative. The city will find out in March if it won the grant.
"If they're helping their elderly neighbor around the corner get internet access, and this is their job or they're getting their community service hours for school, it seems like it would work," Sample-Jones said. "It's a great idea.
"Then our internet would be affordable."
Matt Jones, 757-247-4729, mjones@dailypress.com, @jones_mattryan
Sprint Corporation

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I used to live in the USA for half a year for an internship at UVM. In my last few weeks there, my account was blocked. Now I want to close my account but I'm not sure how to get any remaining money out of the account. Also, I am unable to call to the USA, my phone provider doesn't work that way. How do I handle this a.s.a.p. because now I'm paying 15$ a month for a bank account I can't (and don't want to) use.
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text:
Why the science of extreme weather attribution matters
Linking climate change with heatwaves, storms and other events can help us prepare for a changing world, argues Peter Stott
Peter Stott
January 3, 2019 August 25, 2020
As the earth's climate warms, people face mounting threats from rising seas, and more intense and frequent storms, heatwaves, fires and droughts. When these events hit, people want to understand whether they are connected to climate change.
The science of attribution can do this. It links observed changes in climate to natural and human-induced causes. In recent years, it has amassed a wealth of evidence to show convincingly that these changes are dominated by the effects of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. As the IPCC concluded in its Fifth Assessment Report: "Human influence on the climate system is clear".
Attribution science has been key to demonstrating the need for action to reduce emissions in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. Societies can use such information to help them adapt to the inevitable changes in the climate coming our way, and ensure that suitable regulatory and legislative frameworks are put in place.
A developing science
The realisation that individual weather events could be linked to climate change came in 2003 when a devastating European heatwave was estimated to have killed more than 70,000 people. Myles Allen, professor of geosystem science at Oxford University, proposed the concept of event attribution, arguing that it would be possible to calculate the increased risk of a particular event due to climate change. The following year, I published a paper in Nature, co-authored by Myles and another Oxford colleague, Daithi Stone, which showed that human-induced climate change had very likely more than doubled the risk of such a heatwave.
This science has since burgeoned. Climate scientists have studied a wide range of weather events around the world, including heatwaves, heavy rainfall events, tropical cyclones and droughts.
Event attribution science can now deliver robust assessments of very recent events
China has also been leading, thanks in part to the Climate Science for Service Partnership – China project, a collaborative partnership between UK and Chinese scientists. Some of the results have been published in the annual reports, "Assessing Extreme Events from a Climate Perspective", which attribute events from the previous year. For example, a collaborative China-UK study led by Ying Sun of the China Meteorological Organisation has shown that anthropogenic influence roughly doubled the chances of the extreme rainfall in south-eastern China in June 2017, when heavy floods affected more than 10 million people, with 38 dead and about 800,000 people forced to relocate.
The rapid development of attribution science has raised three key questions concerning its future potential. How reliable is it? What aspects of the science need to be improved? And how quickly and routinely can results be produced?
How reliable is event attribution science?
The basis of all event attribution assessments is a model. This is needed to calculate the counter-factual situation in which human activities had not changed the climate. A typical approach is to run a model many times to simulate the current climate in which greenhouse gas concentrations are at today's elevated levels, taking account of natural and anthropogenic influences on the climate. The results are then compared with alternative simulations in which the climate model includes only natural factors, such as changes in solar output or the climatic effects of volcanic eruptions. These models also include natural climatic variability, such as changes associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation phenomenon by which temperatures in the Pacific Ocean vary and influence global surface temperatures.
But can these models reliably represent observed reality? In 2016, an independent expert panel of meteorologists and statisticians was convened by the National Academies of Sciences (NAS) in the United States to assess the capability of event attribution. They concluded that "It is now often possible to make and defend quantitative statements about the extent to which human-induced climate change has influenced either the magnitude or the probability of occurrence of specific types of event or event classes".
The NAS report found that confidence is greatest for extreme events related to an aspect of temperature, being highest for extreme heat and cold events, followed by hydrological drought and heavy precipitation. They found lowest confidence for attribution of severe convective storms and extratropical cyclones.
The reason for lower confidence is related to the ability of models to represent the processes involved in the formation of the extreme events. Whereas climate models can typically represent changes and variability in temperature over large regions very reliably, they can struggle with other types of event, for example, representing the intensity of rainfall in severe convective storms. This is because they do not have the spatial and temporal resolution to resolve the processes involved.
Source: NAS, 2016
What needs to be improved?
The aim of event attribution is to improve our understanding of climate processes and their representation in climate models. This includes increasing the spatial representation of models so they incorporate a wider range of weather processes. It also includes improving the capability to compare models with observations, for example by assessing the ability of models to replicate key features of the evolution of weather events over many occurrences of such events.
As the National Academies of Sciences report pointed out, improvement will also come from the further development of long observational records. It's also important to frame the attribution question correctly. An attribution study might for example consider how climate change has affected a particular flood in the presence of El Nino. This would require the counterfactual model simulations to also include an El Nino by specifying the pattern of sea surface temperatures associated with the phenomenon. This may give different results to a study that evaluates the effects of climate change on flood risk irrespective of whether there was an El Nino or not. Both types of attribution study may have value but both need to be clearly communicated to avoid confusion.
How quickly and routinely can results be produced?
During an extreme weather event there is often considerable public and media interest in the link with human-induced climate change. Event attribution science can now deliver robust assessments of very recent events, at least for extreme temperature events. These can draw on peer-reviewed methodologies but each individual analysis does not necessarily need to go through such a lengthy process any more than an individual weather forecast needs to.
There is potential for attribution assessments to become part of the regular production of climate services, by complementing climate monitoring and prediction with regular updates on how climate change is altering the probability and magnitude of recent extreme weather events.
However, caution will be needed in which types of weather event are incorporated into such activities. As the National Academies of Sciences report pointed out, confidence for different types of weather event differs. Low confidence events such as severe convective storms will still be studied in peer-reviewed publications, and it is likely to be some time before such events are routinely included in regular climate service assessments. But as climate science develops, and as climate models improve, a wider range of extreme events will be robustly and regularly attributed to natural and human-induced causes.
Attribution science has developed the capability to assess the extent to which extreme weather events are linked to climate variability and change. Scientific uncertainties still remain and it is not possible to make robust attribution statements about all extreme weather events. But it is clear that such events are increasing in frequency and intensity globally. It is also increasingly possible to draw robust conclusions about the extent to which the risks from some extreme events, including large-scale long-lasting temperature-related events, have been affected by human-induced emissions. This information could be of great value for informing climate mitigation, adaptation and litigation.
Peter Stott leads the climate monitoring and attribution team at the UK Met Office Hadley Centre and is a professor at the University of Exeter.
carbon emissionsclimate changeclimate impactsnatural disasters
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The rise of informal and social learning and five things to do about it.
I was asked recently about the rise of informal and social learning. Here's the video and a short transcript and please let me know what you think about this.
Q: Given the rise of informal and social learning, what does L&D need to do in practical terms to facilitate this?
You've got to start actually not thinking about informal learning or using social media, you've got to start with the end in mind. What are we trying to achieve? What performance goal are we trying to achieve? Once you've worked through how you can achieve the goal and whether informal learning is part of the answer, then it's about how do you actually drive the usage of it and really help people use the learning that is available.
2. Informal learning is a recipe not a formula.
So, I think there is an element nowadays where I am hearing people talk about 70:20:10 and this whole idea that 70% of the most effective learning takes place in the workplace. People are now repeating this almost as if it is some sort of magic formula that they have to go and try and replicate, or somebody says to you I've got to improve the informal learning in the organisation. For me, that's starting in the wrong place. You should start with what is the end you have in mind. It might be that 70% of it is the stuff that you would do informally, but equally, it might not. It is not a formula; it is a recipe which is there for guidance. It is really important that people don't get fixated on certain numbers. So in summary, think about what you are trying to achieve and if informal learning is part of the answer, then let's use that.
The second thing is, with all the 'new' learning that is out there, is experiment. Most of it nowadays is fairly cheap and easy to experiment with, whether it is using social media – you can experiment using that very cheaply, or even some of the stuff on mobile, again there is stuff out there to help you just try it out. Experiment and learn, don't think it is some sort of fixed formula you have to spend a lot on. In fact, I would really encourage people to keep it simple, learn about it and then build things as you go along. We see too many projects where people have really over-scoped it at the beginning, having not really understood what learners will use and what they won't use, and they add in lots of nice little 'bells and whistles.' Our top tip around anything like this is keep it really simple, start with the basics, then build it up, get the demand for it and learn as you go along. That really is a better way to drive capability in informal learning.
4. Make it easy to access.
Another thing is to try and make it really easy for people to access stuff online. A lot of times we know from our surveys around what learners look for – they will look on Google, (up to 70-80% will look on Google), but they find their own intranets very difficult. So, think about how you package content up and organise learning resources and support for people in a way that makes it easy for them to use.
5. It's not about technology, trust people to work productively.
Lastly, I often come across situations, particularly in an organisation that is trying to introduce this, where you will get people saying "won't that distract people?" or "if we use social learning it will distract people from their work." We've had that sort of debate right from the start with every new form of technology, from the pen to the phone to the computer, and these things are now just part of parcel of how people work. It is not about the technology, it is about how people are managed and how they work. Let's trust people and help them to work as productively as possible.


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Events that we all hope and pray will never happen, sometimes do.
Sometimes a young person dies and as the Church, as youth leaders and friends we are often in a position to bring comfort, support and help moving forward, for those left behind, in schools, youth groups and families.
This page will be a changing and updating resource page for if you find yourself in a situation like this and need to know where to turn for help.
When the unthinkable happens, I hope it helps to have somewhere to turn.
There are a number of charities and organisations with expertise in this area and we have tried to collate links to them below. We will be adding to this as and when we receive recommendations or find out about new resources.
Child Bereavement UK
Winston's Wish
Childhood Bereavement Network
A session for use with a church youth group or small group of Christian young people who are facing loss by a Children's and Families minister in High Wycombe
These and others are included on the extensive Going for Growth Church of England Resources Website
Prayer Spaces for Schools has ideas for creative and interactive prayer activities for young people dealing with loss, in particular they have created a special page with activities and ideas in an emergency or tragedy situation.
We have also spoken to those who have had experience of this – clergy, leaders and others who have been in a situation where they were needed. Their wisdom and experience can hopefully be a source of guidance for you in a time of crisis. If you get in touch with me on becky.wills@peterborough-diocese.org.uk or 01604887058 or through Facebook messenger I can put you directly in touch with a practitioner from our Diocese with recent experience of dealing with the bereavement of a young person.
I have copied below a letter a received that details the experience of one leader, who wanted to share it to help others in the future.
A Case Study: a memorial service in school on the day of a young person's funeral
This was how our ecumenical churches responded to a community secondary school suffering from a bereavement in year 11, particularly on the day of the funeral. Feedback received from school has been very positive very grateful that we took such care and time with all concerned.
We went in as Churches Together and were initially asked because a colleague and myself are already involved in school – I'm a parent governor and my Baptist colleague does a cake and coffee for staff weekly and is also a parent. After conversation with the school we extended the invitation to all the denomination leaders – in the end 5 of us went in on the day of the funeral.
The hearse came past the school at 10:30am and the young people (in tutor groups) lined either side of the road as it drove past. We accompanied the students and staff outside and checked everyone was okay. Some 30 of the young man's peers attended the funeral and I was able to arrange with the priest that they had a reserved seating space (so as not to worry when they got there about where to sit or be split up – it was a packed service).
I spoke with the priest taking the funeral and we made connections from what was happening in the funeral service with what was happening in school. We used the Bible reading (Psalm 23), prayers from "Funeral, Thanksgiving and Memorial Services", music (Snow Patrol: Run) and other readings. I had both a phone call and face to face meeting with the school to discuss their requirements.
I also gave the school a copy of Mark Oakley's book of readings for funerals from which they chose 's/he is gone' – without us knowing this was also the reading that the boy's sister had chosen to read at the church.
Importantly we took everything in we needed for the service (candles, glass coasters, tea lights, matches, tapers and tissues [individual packets]) and the prayer stations. The school provided a chair, some sugar paper, the memory cards, pens and arranged for a link to the youtube clip / powerpoint. This I feel was very important as part of our 'care' for them.
To open our time together I used some opening words from Dorothy McRae-McMahon book page 78-79: simple funeral words.
We had a large candle lit before the young people came in and then each tutor group had two representatives who lit a smaller candle each; we then invited teaching staff who wished to come forward and light a tea light. The words used spoke about candles and light being important signs and symbols in all faiths and across traditions.
We had our readings (Bible and poem) then we showed a youtube video (8mins of it) which had been put together with music (Snow Patrol) and photos / videos. During this time the young people were invited to write a memory if they wished (or to do this afterwards).
Prayers were said (from the book mentioned above) and we finished with the Lord's Prayer. I said the following words 'So to conclude our time, bringing together that which has been spoken aloud and that which we have said in the stillness of our hearts, I'm going to say the Lord's Prayer. If you would like to join me you are welcome – the words will be displayed on the screen. If you would prefer to remain quiet you are also welcome to do that.'
After the above structured time the students and staff were free to leave the hall, but the space remained open to them for the rest of the day. They came and watched the whole 30mins of the youtube video; filled in memory cards & also we had two reflective spaces: empty chair and honour wall. The young man had been nominated for an award so we had that printed up and on the wall. They popped in and out at various points in the day, engaging most with the honour wall & taking ribbons to wear on their uniform (including staff). The school kept both reflective stations so that they could use them in school more and share with the young man's parents.
The students themselves were sharing via social media with those who were at the funeral what had happened in school taking pictures via Instagram (etc). Also those at the funeral were sharing pictures of the wake. The young people were allowed to use their phones as they wished. The students also supported one another in a remarkable way, there were a couple of people which we were concerned about (needing further support / bereavement counselling) and informed the school who took names so as to follow up / contact parents. Two members of 'service six' were also in school and stayed till lunch to be available for one to one time.
Making the connection between church and school was very key to this being as helpful as it was.
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Tara was out for blood in the latest episode of "The Walking Dead."
"Walking Dead" Recap: 'Dead Or Alive Or'
HOLLYWOOD—This week's episode of "The Walking Dead" was such a refresher, as it felt like the audience was being treated to a moving narrative that was clocking in on all cylinders. 'Dead or Alive Or' saw the viewers get back to the drama revolving around Carol, Morgan, Daryl, Maggie, Ezekiel, Rosita, Tara and the return to the Hilltop, which has been slightly MIA for a while.
Things kicked off with Daryl leading the pack for the remaining survivors to make their way back to The Hilltop. However, its apparent bad blood still exists between Tara and Dwight; I couldn't help, but laugh seeing her toss that walker in his direction. Gabriel's condition has gotten significantly worse, as his vision is leaving him more and more each day. However, his journey back to The Hilltop alongside, Dr. Carson seemed like a lost cause in the beginning.
Rosita informed Daryl that the group needed a breather, which only irked Tara more as her desire for vengeance started to consume her. Maggie was joined by Morgan and Carol who kept watchful eye of the little tot who murdered Gavin. Oh, yes, it seems vital that Morgan and Carol protect this kid from going down a very dark path, where things could get ugly if the truth about Gavin's death comes to light.
The sight of Eugene boils my blood every time he shows up on the screen; the fact that he panders so much to Negan makes me suspect that his time may soon be up. I mean we can't have heroes like Carl die, when losers and cowards like Eugene get the opportunity to keep living. It took me a moment to figure this out, but it seems Gabriel became ill right after he covered himself with walker guts while trapped in that trailer with Negan. The question I have to pose is why didn't Negan also see similar side effects as well?
Tara's worries started to rub off on the Alexandrians, and clear dissension was making itself present within the group. Gabriel stumbled upon antibiotics that may be the key to reversing his symptoms. Please let this be a miracle because if we lose this guy before Eugene meets the Grim Reaper, I will NOT be a happy camper. As Daryl and the rest of the Alexandrians ventured into the dangerous waters of the swamp, it was evident the walkers were waiting and ready to attack.
Yeah, Negan's decision to prevent the Saviors from treading into those waters now makes perfect sense. Gregory is up to his scheming per usual, and thankfully Maggie didn't buy what he was selling. I mean who in their right mind would even consider allowing the Saviors to have 'time out' of their prison to scheme? Um, no one! Back to the swamp, Rosita, Siddiq and Daryl ventured into the waters first, and they found plenty of surprises along the way, as the walkers were almost undetected in the waters.
Tara decided to make a bold move against Dwight, by actually making a move to eliminate the enemy. She seriously is out for blood, and when she fired that shot, it was apparent she meant business. Her plan to take out Dwight was interrupted by Saviors who were on the hunt. Well, Dr. Carson and Gabriel's adventure took a turn for the worse, as Dr. Carson got caught in a bear trap just as a walker appeared from the shadows. Dr. Carson fought for his life, but Gabriel whose vision was scant at best, managed to rescue his pal by firing a shot with a blind eye.
Dwight might be a good guy after all. The fact that he sacrificed himself to protect Tara proves he wants to be a better person and take down an enemy whose quest for control will end mankind. Daryl was livid at Tara for her latest stunt involving Dwight and his return to the enemy. So much for a happy ending, because Gabriel and Dr. Carson found themselves captured by the Saviors, and when Dr. Carson attempted to make a move he was fatally shot.
At long last the gang is reunited, however, Carol, Maggie and Enid learned that Carl is no more and it left them shattered in pieces. With a more unified front together, it seems Negan's mission to dismantle his opponent will not be as easy as he thinks. Siddiq bonded with Maggie and it seemed to bring a light to her eyes, when she learned that a doctor was in close quarters; one who could be on their side. Eugene was busy making bullets per Negan's instruction.
Oh, it was such a treat to see Eugene cower in his boots when he saw Negan drag Father Gabriel back to camp. The more Eugene talked to Negan about Gabriel and his condition, it became apparent that a new idea was brewing in our villain's mind; utilize the walker's blood and guys as chemical warfare against Rick and the others. Maggie what the hell are you doing? Why are you even considering giving the enemy an opportunity to betray you?
The final moments of the episode saw Negan disclose his master plan to his minions, and Dwight looked horrified to say the least. Man, I cannot wait until next Sunday, cause the war brewing between Negan and Rick is about to reach a feverish pitch. So the question that remains is who will survive in the end? Until next week "Walking Dead" die hards!
Dead Or Alive Or
Dr. Cross
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It's happening! World of Warcraft is about to turn 10. If you logged in today, you've already seen an achievement pop up. Although the game came out on November 23, 2004 in the US, the in-game celebration begins today. To do our bit, we made a gallery showing how much the game changed in ten years.
We've got some images from Blizzard and from a long thread on MMO-Champion mostly from the alpha version of the game—which means these could be much older than ten years—and a few comparisons with their current form.
So first let's compare the character models. You've already seen the trolls and their ridiculous alpha model in the top screenshot. But what about the orcs? Or the blood elves? Or the gnomes? No wonder the latter got so much hate during all these years.
Here's a very early texture map of the Eastern Kingdoms from an initial alpha build of the game. The southern part looks familiar but things get messy as we go north. No sign of the blood elves, the Hinterlands zone is shown here as "Aerie Peaks" and also what's that "Dragon Isles 65-70+ raid" up there? Whatever that is, it's still not in the game.
The early draft of Kalimdor also looked a bit different with Winterspring being in a completely different part of the continent. And Ahn Qiraj as a 65-70+ raid? I'd queue up for that one.
And here's how they look now, with almost everything revealed and built, except the closed zone above the Eastern Plaguelands. What could be there? Northeron? Another blood elf zone? Nagas? The mysterious Dragon Isles raid shown in that early map?
Here's a really early screenshot of the Arathi Basin battleground. Check the chat log: "Beastmaster and godmode OFF" Wait what? So that's why the Horde always win here.
Not much has changed in Arathi and in the other classic battlegrounds over the years. It's still the breeding ground of sneaky subtlety rogues.
Gotta love this one too. A somehow level 100 dwarf and a hall without any textures at all. The only thing in this pic that's still in the game in its original form is the initial 16-slot backpack in the bottom right.
Molten Core and a 40-man group in it. Just getting there on a PvP server took time because of the world PvP in the surrounding zones. Nowdays you can solo it easily in minutes.
This weird unfinished human village was south of Silithus. Its purpose is unknown.
It's no longer there, but in the middle of zones full of sand and bugs, this southern spot of the continent still has a mysterious vibe.
Here's an early placeholder for Nordrassil, the giant World Tree of the night elves in Mount Hyjal. It just looks sad.
Ironforge, the capital of dwarves, with multiple floors.
And the current form below. Multiple floors might have been cool, but the city and its layout is confusing enough without them for new players.
Dungeon entrances used the Dark Portal model as a placeholder during the alpha. Scholomance for example looked like this.
Here's Scholomance today. No Dark Portals, only The Scourge.
There was even one of these placeholder Dark Portals underwater near Azshara, which would lead us to assume that there was an instance planned around that zone. Just imagine the nightmare getting there for the first time in vanilla WoW.
This is Stratholme and a floating Naxxramas without textures during the alpha.
Since then Naxxramas moved to Northrend and the zone became a bit more shiny.
And finally an early, robust version of the level 70 raid Karazhan, compared to the current look.
Pics via Blizzard and MMO-Champion.
To contact the author of this post, write to: gergovas@kotaku.com.


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text:
Trump rails against delay in moving impeachment to Senate
He is demanding his day in court. I just left President Trump. He's mad as hell that they would do this to him and now deny him his day in court," says Sen. Lindsey Graham
WASHINGTON - President Donald Trump railed behind closed doors about House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's decision to delay sending articles of impeachment to the Republican-controlled Senate, putting an expected trial in limbo.
Sen. Lindsey Graham, a staunch Trump GOP ally, emerged from a White House meeting with the president with a message.
"He is demanding his day in court," Graham said in an interview on Fox News Channel Thursday evening. "I just left President Trump. He's mad as hell that they would do this to him and now deny him his day in court."
The White House did not immediately respond to questions about his account. Trump has seen a Senate trial as his means for vindication, viewing acquittal as a partial antidote to impeachment's stain on his legacy. But that effort has been threatened by Pelosi's decision to delay sending the articles approved by the House Wednesday to the Senate until, she says, Republican leaders offer more details about how they will handle an expected trial.
"So far we haven't seen anything that looks fair to us," she said late Wednesday, dropping a surprise procedural bombshell just after the House cast its historic votes making Trump only the third president in the nation's history to be impeached. House Democrats had argued for weeks that Trump's impeachment was needed "urgently" to protect the nation.
READ MORE: Trump seeks Israel to implement Mideast plan within 6 weeks, Palestine refuses 'deal of the century'
Democrats do not have enough votes in the GOP-controlled Senate to convict Trump and remove him from office, but have been pushing for a trial to include witnesses who declined to appear during House committee hearings, including acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney and former national security adviser John Bolton.
Trump, meanwhile, has been hoping the trial will serve as an opportunity for vindication, and continues to talk about parading his own witness list, including former Vice President and 2020 Democratic candidate Joe Biden, even though there is little appetite for that among Senate leaders.
"The reason the Democrats don't want to submit the Articles of Impeachment to the Senate is that they don't want corrupt politician Adam Shifty Schiff to testify under oath, nor do they want the Whistleblower, the missing second Whistleblower, the informer, the Bidens, to testify!" Trump tweeted late Thursday.
One White House official mused that Pelosi's decision to indefinitely delay the trial would be an even more effective talking point for the president than his expected acquittal because, they argued, it would highlight how Pelosi has manipulated the process to deny Trump the opportunity to defend himself and clear his name.
READ MORE: Jordan, Palestine raise serious concerns as Israel accepts US mediation on Mideast plan
Such messaging has been effective in driving outrage among the president's core supporters, which Trump's campaign hopes will help propel him to reelection next year.
But Graham made clear the president has not been swayed by that argument, calling the delay a "constitutional outrage" and insisting everyone should have their day in court.
Trump had told reporters in the Oval Office earlier Thursday that Democrats were "playing games," claiming they didn't want to submit the charges "because they're ashamed of 'em" and adding, falsely, that "they're not allowed to do that. I hear it's unconstitutional and a lot of other things."
There is no constitutional requirement for the Democrats to transmit the articles swiftly, or at all. Meanwhile, Trump insisted Thursday that he has not been bothered by the whole impeachment episode, despite all evidence to the contrary.
READ MORE: Pakistan possibly to leave FATF 'Grey list' in August 2020
Asked how he felt about going down in history as only the third president to be impeached, Trump quipped, "To me it doesn't feel like impeachment."
Pelosi's unexpected procedural delay also got a sour response from Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who described the delay as a "very unusual spectacle," given the urgency Democrats had previously expressed. "The prosecutors appear to have developed cold feet," he said Thursday on the Senate floor.
"I admit, I'm not sure what leverage there is in refraining from sending us something we do not want," he added. "Meanwhile, other House Democrats seem to be suggesting they'd prefer never to transmit the articles. Fine with me."
Trump rails against impeachment in speech to Texas farmers
11:05 PM | January 27, 2020
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Anti-Muslims legislation draws flak
Waqar Kauravi, Adeela Naureen
Implications of Trump's impeachment
Rehan Khan
Military adventurism in Islamic thought
A New Chief Justice
Police Brutality In India
The Polio Quagmire
Rape case
Congratulations to M.Asif
Victim of his mdreams!


text:
Siasat.com/News/SBI Fund Management seeks shield from liability in FTMF fund disbursement
SBI Fund Management seeks shield from liability in FTMF fund disbursement
IANS| Published: 10th February 2021 2:45 am IST
New Delhi, Feb 9 : The Supreme Court has clarified that SBI Fund Management, and not SBI Mutual Funds, will be responsible for distribution of Rs 9,122 crore to unitholders of the six wound-up Franklin Templeton schemes. The SBI Fund Management also sought protection from any liability arising from the fund distribution exercise.
A bench comprising Justices S. Abdul Nazeer and Sanjiv Khanna allowed the SBI Fund Management to become a party in the case, as it clarified that there was a clerical error in the previous order which said that the SBI Mutual Fund will be the disbursing entity.
The petitioners' counsel, during the hearing, raised concerns on the distribution mechanism, and prayed before the top court that fund distribution should be done as per the Net Asset Value (NAV).
The top court noted that unitholder who are dissatisfied with wound-up schemes can raise their grievances on the next date of hearing on February 17. SBI Funds Management is the asset management company of SBI Mutual Funds, which sought the fund house should bear all expenses in connection with the distribution of funds.
SBI Fund Management moved the top court seeking its approval to disburse the funds among the unitholders of the mutual funds' schemes and also sought protection from any liability, which could arise out of the distribution exercise.
The petitioners' counsel contended before the top court that the asset management firm should move the SEBI, rather than approaching the court.
On February 2, the Supreme Court had directed Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund (FTMF) to distribute Rs 9,122 crore among unit-holders of the six schemes that were shut by the mutual fund house in April last year and said the distribution of funds need to be undertaken by the SBI Mutual Fund and completed within 20 days. The apex court had said the unit-holders should be repaid in proportion to their respective share in assets of the scheme and the distribution of funds would be undertaken by SBI Mutual Funds as agreed by both Franklin Templeton Trust and the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
Disclaimer: This story is auto-generated from IANS service.
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News - The first Focus Group held as the beginning of the research on youth attitudes toward solidarity within the project "Celebrating solidarity"
The first Focus Group held as the beginning of the research on youth attitudes toward solidarity within the project "Celebrating solidarity"
The Ana and Vlade Divac Foundation has started the realization of the "Celebrating solidarity" project, which is, with the support of "Europe for Citizens Programme" of the European Union, conducted in collaboration with partners from Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia, Poland and Hungary.
Within the project, at this moment, all included partner countries have started the research on young people's attitudes to solidarity and humanity with others. At least 6,000 of young people, will take participation in the Quiz with the subject of solidarity, together with Focus groups which will be organized within the project.
In Serbia we organized in November the first Focus group which were consisted of 12 young people. We were interested in that how young people see crisis, poverty, who are vulnerable groups in Serbia in their opinion and what is the cause of all this things. In the first place we were interested in the youth opinion related to the notion of solidarity and with which things they associate the notion of solidarity, which charity actions they would join or organize. We have heard a lot of interesting answers and opinions of young people which have shown us that they understand very well the notion of solidarity and that they are ready to help other in difficult situations.


Click With Horses | Clicker Training Targeting – Mayfield Kindred First time Targeting.
19 Jan Clicker Training Targeting – Mayfield Kindred First time Targeting.
In this video I introduce a warmblood gelding "Kindred" to targeting for the first time. I have previously already taught him to move his head away from the food.


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Immerse yourself in cosmopolitan life in Singapore, the garden city
Singapore – a global finance hot spot – is known as much for its glittering skyline, where the most breathtaking skyscrapers jostle for space, as for its relentless endeavours in pursuing sustainable development. Yet, a stopover in this city-state, home to five million inhabitants, has much more to offer than just exploring its vertiginous architecture…
In the flashy colonial quarter, art galleries are sprouting up. Our favourite is the stunning National Gallery Singapore which is housed in the historic City Hall and Supreme Court building.
In Chinatown and Little India, the atmosphere is much more colourful (albeit less orderly) where temples and pagodas rise high amidst the street food stalls, each as enticing as the next. Want to try the national dish? Go to Bang Leong wah hoe seafood, where the crab chilli will awaken your taste buds.
For pre-dinner drinks, opt for a rooftop cocktail. Our favourite is the bar at the Fullerton Bay From there, apart from the incredible view of the bay, you can see why Singapore deserves its nickname "the garden city".
Amongst the countless parks, the Gardens by the Bay stands out as a futuristic landscape that is promoting the symbiotic nature of biodiversity and technology. Singapore, in its quest to be ever greener, has been imposing environmental requirements on all developers since 2008. As a result, the Oasia Tower developed a facade that is composed of vibrant red aluminium mesh which is completely covered in plants. While easy on the eyes, the main aim of this vegetation is to absorb pollution and to create a truly "living tower".
Copenhagen, a cyclist's utopia
It's hard to resist the call of the Little Mermaid! A permanent resident of Copenhagen. This compact city is situated on two islands and crisscrossed by canals and dotted with castles and palaces. Additionally, this beautiful Scandinavian city boasts a valuable and rich historical heritage. Visitors can come to these shores of the Baltic Sea to discover a city at the forefront of architecture and design. Here's our agenda for exploring Copenhagen:
First, a stop off at the Design Museum. Denmark's first public hospital was converted in the 1920s to house a host of famous Danish designers.
Then visit the Radisson Collection Hotel, Royal Copenhagen to enjoy a drink, a dinner or a whole night. When the hotel was built and design by the Danish architect Arne Jacobsen, it was the first skyscraper in Copenhagen and today it is still fully fitted out in the sixties style.
To savour seafood in a raw and rustic setting head for Flæsketorvet 100, a famous fish bar in the Kødbyens district.
And to get from one of these destinations to the next nothing beats a bike. In Copenhagen, the cyclist is King (or Queen!). After two decades of massive investments in cycling infrastructure, bikes now outnumber cars!
Vancouver: a green paradise on Canada's west coast
Set between mountain and ocean on Canada's west coast, Vancouver is a laboratory of urban ecology. Gregor Robert, the city's mayor, elected in 2008, has launched projects all over the city with the goal to become the greenest city in the world by 2020. A stopover in this cosmopolitan city of 600,000 inhabitants already guarantees you an out-of-the-ordinary setting. Judge for yourself:
Within a single day in Vancouver, you can stroll on the beach and then go skiing! Two options for an unforgettable panoramic view of the city, either take a kayak trip along the bay at sunset or hop aboard the Grouse Mountain cable car. In just 8 minutes, you will reach 1250 meters. Just a stone's throw from the ski slopes!
Like many North American cities, it has a business district dotted with glass towers but also a charming historic town centre (Gastown). Additionally, a must-see China Town teeming with restaurants to tickle your taste buds (do not miss the Bao Bei Chinese Brasserie, which skillfully reinvents Asian gastronomy, Western style).
And why not visit all of Vancouver's other wonders, including a suspension bridge, an immense aquarium, a botanical garden, by cycling and walking as a non-polluting transport alternative.
Zurich, Switzerland's arty city
Go visit the most sustainable city on the planet, Zurich. The largest city in Switzerland, located at the northwest point of Lake Zurich, is regularly cited as a model for sustainable cities. One of its latest initiatives is a project called "2000-watt society" which aims to halve Zurich's electricity consumption by 2050. It's also easy to visit all our favourite sites using the Zurich Card because of the incredible public transport. Small in size, but large in terms of its cultural offering, Zurich is home to no less than 50 museums as well as some 100 galleries! We think the Kunsthaus and the Rietberg Museum with its prestigious collection of non-European art are unmissable.
While all international brands can be found in the pretty historic town centre, it's Zurich West that wins the heart of shopping addicts. A former industrial zone, this district has become the Swiss Soho where designer boutiques, vintage stores, bars, and restaurants rub shoulders.
For a breathtaking view of the city, with the snow-capped Alps as a backdrop, treat yourself to a drink or a meal at Clouds perched right at the top of Prime Tower. You will be spoiled for choice for where to go next since Zurich has the most active nightlife scene in Switzerland!
Reykjavik: clean air and a supersize spa for a green vacation
Reykjavik was recently voted "the greenest city in the world" by Travelbird website. It's hardly surprising since the Icelandic capital is entirely powered by geothermal energy and hydroelectricity, and its public transport runs on hydrogen. A stay in this city of just 120,000 inhabitants guarantees you a breath of fresh air along with a good dose of culture!
Cultivating a Nordic-style dolce vita, Reykjavik is full of museums, concept stores, galleries and cafes, each cosier than the next – why not try Stofan one of this capital's best-known coffee houses?
As for nature, it is never very far. For an unmissable experience, try the blue lagoon. Located half an hour from the city, this large lake with milky blue waters is ideal for swimming as its average temperature is 39°C (102°F). Regularly ranked among the best spas in the world, it is without a doubt the most spectacular.
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Yeah, indeed - there's no way I'm counting any chickens just yet, whatever the form table might say.
I'm no Robbo fan, but I suspect he's unlikely to go now, and also that it's too late (and almost certainly too much of an upheaval at this stage) to try to get in someone else this season now. So my main hope is that we somehow stay up, and then change manager in the summer.
Topic: Which would you choose?
Is Appleton in a job yet? If not, can we lure him back?
Play-offs? I'll still be happy with 20th tbh. I'm much more worried about the teams below us.
I wouldn't just be "happy", I'd now bite your hand off if offered 20th at the end of the season.
Honest question: has it ever?
Dean Windass? Arguably more than just a striker, but still.
Yeah, recent form has been good, but it has mainly been against fellow struggling sides. Can't complain, but it'll be interesting to see how we do in the more difficult three match sequence that is almost upon us (Peterborough, Blackpool, Doncaster - all in the top 8 .


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Review: Henry's End by Julie A. Richman
Rating: 3.75 stars
Buy Links: Amazon | All Romance | Amazon UK
We first meet Henry Clark following the wedding of his oldest friend, Schooner, to Schooner's true love, Mia. It has been more than 20 years since the three graduated college, and seeing the couple find their happiness together just reinforces how much Henry wants love and domesticity. Especially when he meets Seth Shapiro at the wedding. The two hit it off and Seth seems to want exactly the same thing as Henry.
The story then takes us back until soon after Henry graduated college. He is living in San Diego and working as a successful pharmaceutical rep. We then follow along with Henry in his path to love, through both good relationships and bad, happiness and extreme pain. Henry goes through a long journey before he ultimately finds the life he has always dreamed of.
So yes, I know that is very vague. I was asked to be particularly cautious about spoilers, so I made a big effort not to give too much away about the plot. The book is mostly a story about Henry and his journey and over the course of the book he has ups and downs along the way. So I think that it is best left discovered as you read, to follow along with Henry through his relationships without knowing exactly how he is going to get to happiness. This is definitely an unusual story and the structure is nontraditional. I actually liked that aspect, as there is not a normal romance arc and it makes this a really unique book.
I also loved the historical elements and that is where Richman really shines. The story mostly takes place in the early 1990s in San Diego, as that is where the main plot picks up after the prologue. Richman does a fabulous job rooting this story in that time and place. There are wonderful details about culture and settings and attitudes of the time. The gay community is just coming into the most intense part of the AIDS crisis, the military is still a place you must be closeted, and technology is totally different than today. I was impressed over and over with the small touches in the story that immerse us right in the time and place and this is really well done.
There are a few things that didn't work as well for me, however. First off, I had a hard time with the first part of the book. To be honest, early on I didn't really like Henry so much. He is obsessed with men in uniform and having a man to control him. Neither of which are bad things, but he allows that desire to take over to the point that he misses some key warning signs. He is kind of cocky and obsessed and not nearly as likable as he is later in the book. The story also ties back to abuse Henry suffered as a child, when he was sexually molested repeatedly at age 9. The thing is, over and over Henry mentions how he didn't mind, how he enjoyed it, and cried when it ended. He even refers to that time fondly on several occasions, and honestly it made me kind of queasy. At one point he says:
While his friends were devastated hearing of the molestation, Henry tried to make them understand that it was OK. That he'd actually liked it.
I get he may have been undergoing some sort of Stockholm syndrome type response, but the book never plays it that way. We don't get the sense that the abuse colored his perspective, or that he has some emotional issues to work out. It is just kind of out there that this older man who was assaulting him is his first relationship of sorts and Henry thinks back on it fondly.
The other thing I had a hard time with is that I felt we kind of had this anvil hanging over our heads during the story. We learn from the prologue, set in present day, that Henry is really wanting a relationship and a partner, so clearly he is not happily settled at that point in time. We are also pointed to Seth as a potential future partner. The story then takes us back 20 or so years and we begin Henry's journey. So the whole book, as he has his relationships, good and bad, we know something is going to happen to keep him from having an HEA before we catch up with present day. So it definitely affected my reading of the rest of the book, knowing something bad was always coming. I'm not sure how this could be avoided, or if it even needed to be. It just felt like something always hovering in the back of my mind as I read.
Which brings me to my next issue, which is that we don't see Henry with his ultimate partner until far into the book, [spoiler] (the 76% mark) [/spoiler] which means that I didn't feel like we had enough time for our HEA couple together. So much of the story is taken up by other relationships, all of which are incredibly important to Henry's journey, but I felt like the final one just gets way shortchanged. There is also a big chunk of time missing after his final relationship before present day, and although I didn't need day to day details, I would have liked more understanding of how Henry gets from where we left him in the past, to where we find him when we return to the present. I just needed a lot more to allow myself to make the emotional shift from one romance to the other and really be invested in the ultimate partnership, not to mention understanding Henry's emotional journey.
One last note: this story is a standalone, but it is related to Richman's Needing Moore series, featuring Schooner and Mia. Henry, and many of the side characters here (including Seth), make an appearance in that series, and Schooner has a big role in this book. I had no problems following along here, however, and Schooner and Mia's story is recapped well. So these books are linked and if you read the other series you probably will want to read this book so you can get Henry's story. But if you are starting here, you will be just fine.
So overall I liked this one. I particularly enjoyed the detail Richman gives us for the historical elements and think they are quite well done. And I think the unique structure really makes for an interesting story. But the pacing also felt off to me, with too little time on our ultimate pairing and too many gaps that left us to fill in how Henry made the transitions in time. However, I am glad that I stuck with this one after the rocky start, because as Henry's journey continued I become really invested in him and his happiness. Henry turns out to be a really likable guy and I was rooting for him to finally find the love he deserves.
Review: The Chocolate Works by Geoffrey Knight
Review: Restored by Joanna Chambers
Review: The Less Than Spectacular Times of Henry…
Review: Shadow and Light by R.J. Scott and V.L. Locey
FILED UNDER: 3.75 stars, Contemporary, Historical, Jay's Reviews
TAGGED: Julie A. Richman, self published
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Welcome to Joyfully Jay! My name is Jay and I started this blog because I love to read and wanted a place to share my thoughts with other readers and lovers of romance. Joyfully Jay kicked off back in September 2011 and we are growing bigger every day! We review primarily romance featuring men, but we also review all kinds of LGBTQ romance here, as well as literary fiction and non-fiction. In addition to book reviews, we host daily author guest posts and regular giveaways. So lots of fun stuff and we keep quite busy here! …read more
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Excerpt: Cry Wolf by Charlie Adhara
Review: The World According to Liam by V.L. Locey
Review: A Little Fairy Dust Anthology by Mell Eight
Review: Benediction by Eden Winters
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Ukraine's Apostate have an interesting history, with more black metal influences to the material they released in the mid-'90s before their break-up in '98, and their first full album not arriving until 2010, after their resurrection by bassist Alexander Kostko. Time of Terror picks up the line of heritage with the death-edged, near-funereal doom of "Solar Misconception", crumbling in an assortment of audio samples to add still more to the classic doom-in-a-Hammer-Horror-vein somberness and setting (a practice revisited throughout the album). Each of the five songs (the shortest of which is just 9 minutes) achieves its own distinct character, with all of the members doing a great job with their performance range, and the drummer in particular doing a fantastic job of parsing out separate rhythmic approaches for each song.
There's a lot of tradition being revived in these tracks, but since the band seems to only be interested in the bands who really pushed things and welded metal varieties into new forms, it's difficult to chalk all of the authority they command up to their past. They're playing their guts out in the here-and-now, and as they roar along, Apostate make it clear that they're looking to the future when writing this music. There's too much fire in its bones to be brushed off as a relic, and the ambition the group shows in the complexity of the songs is enough to earn them plenty of new listeners. High-quality stuff, not to be missed by doom fans who like it slow, heavy, and majestic.


Meditation Day-Course. A Healthy Holiday Alternative - Sunday, December 13th, 10AM-3PM. Meditation Day-Course. A Healthy Holiday Alternative - Sunday, December 13th, 10AM-3PM.
Meditation Day-Course. A Healthy Holiday Alternative – Sunday, December 13th, 10AM-3PM.
Pamela Bell is a professional Life & Business Coach and Creative Visualization Specialist. She incorporates movement, meditation and art into her practice. She is also a writer, documentary filmmaker & video producer having co-produced four documentary films and over 100 videos.


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2Computer Art
Edmund Berkeley
American computer scientist
Edmund Callis Berkeley (February 22, 1909 – March 7, 1988) was an American computer scientist who co-founded the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 1947.[1] His 1949 book Giant Brains, or Machines That Think popularized cognitive images of early computers. He was also a social activist who worked to achieve conditions that might minimize the threat of nuclear war.[2]
Two legacies of Edmund C. Berkeley: his 1949 book Giant Brains, or Machines That Think, and a 2021 issue of Communications of the ACM, the flagship publication of the computing society he co-founded in 1947
Berkeley attended St. Bernard's School and Phillips Exeter Academy.[3] He received a BA in Mathematics and Logic from Harvard in 1930. He pursued a career as an insurance actuary at Prudential Insurance from 1934–48, except for service in the United States Navy during World War II.
Berkeley saw George Stibitz's calculator at Bell Laboratories in 1939, and the Harvard Mark I in 1942. In November, 1946 he drafted a specification for "Sequence Controlled Calculators for the Prudential", which led to signing a contract with the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1947 for one of the first UNIVAC computers. Berkeley left Prudential in 1948 to become an independent consultant when the company forbade him to work on projects related to avoiding nuclear war, even on his own time. He sometimes wrote using the pseudonym "Neil D. MacDonald".
He became famous in 1949 with the publication of his book Giant Brains, or Machines That Think in which he described the principles behind computing machines (called then "mechanical brains", "sequence-controlled calculators", or various other terms), and then gave a technical but accessible survey of the most prominent examples of the time, including machines from MIT, Harvard, the Moore School, Bell Laboratories, and elsewhere.[4]
In Giant Brains, Berkeley also outlined a device which some have described as the first "personal computer", Simon. Plans on how to build this computer were published in the journal Radio Electronics in 1950 and 1951. Simon used relay logic and cost about $600 to construct. The first working model was built at Columbia University with the help of two graduate students.[5]
Berkeley founded, published and edited Computers and Automation, the first computer magazine. He also created the Geniac and Brainiac toy computers.
In 1958 Berkeley joined the Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy (SANE).
Computer Art[edit]
On the title page of the magazine "Computers and Automation", January 1963, Edmund Berkeley published a picture by Efraim Arazi from 1962 as Computer Art. This picture inspired him to initiate the first Computer Art Contest in 1963. Berkeley had coined the term Computer Art. The annual contest was a key point in the development of computer art up to the year 1973. This way Edmund Berkeley became a pioneer in the field of computer art.[6][7]
Giant Brains, or Machines That Think (1949), Wiley & Sons
Computers: Their Operation and Applications (1956), New York: Reinhold Publishing
Symbolic Logic and Intelligent Machines (1959), New York: Reinhold Publishing[8]
Probability and Statistics: An Introduction through Experiments (1961), Science Materials Center
The Computer Revolution (1962), Doubleday
The Programming Language LISP: Its Operation and Applications (1964)
A Guide to Mathematics for the Intelligent Nonmathematician (1966), Simon and Schuster
Computer-assisted Explanation: A Guide to Explaining: and some ways of using a computer to assist in clear explanation (1967), Information International
Ride the East Wind; Parables of Yesterday and Today (1973), Quadrangle, ISBN 0-8129-0375-7
The Computer Book of Lists and First Computer Almanack (1984), Reston Publishing, ISBN 0-8359-0864-X
^ Atsushi Akera, "Edmund Berkeley and the origins of ACM." Communications of the ACM 50 no. 5 (May 2007): 30-35. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1230819.1230835
^ Longo, Bernadette (2015). Edmund Berkeley and the Social Responsibility of Computer Professionals. doi:10.1145/2787754. ISBN 9781970001396.
^ Longo, p. x
^ Longo, Bernadette (2004). "Edmund Berkeley, computers, and modern methods of thinking". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 26 (4): 4–18. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2004.28. S2CID 29528941.
^ Simon fact sheet originally published by Columbia University Retrieved April 10, 2007
^ "Computers and Automation | Database of Digital Art".
^ Herbert W. Franke: Grenzgebiete der bildenden Kunst, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart In: Katalog, 1972, S. 69.
^ * "ARTICLES: Symbolic Logic and Automatic Computers (Part 1)" (PDF). Computers and Automation. 7 (11): 18–20. November 1958. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
"ARTICLES: Symbolic Logic and Automatic Computers (Part 2)" (PDF). Computers and Automation. 7 (12): 28–29. December 1958. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
"ARTICLES: Symbolic. Logic and Automatic Computers (Part 3 - Concluding Part)" (PDF). Computers and Automation. 8 (1): 18–20, 22–23. January 1959. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
Edmund C. Berkeley Papers, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.
Obituary in Communications of the ACM (1988) (access restricted)
Berkeley timeline Retrieved April 10, 2007
Computers and Automation archive issues 1954 to 1978
Association for Computing Machinery
DBLP (computer science)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Berkeley&oldid=1074924386"
American actuaries
American computer scientists
Prudential Financial people
St. Bernard's School alumni
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Harvard College alumni
Use mdy dates from August 2012
Articles with ACM-DL identifiers
Articles with DBLP identifiers
This page was last edited on 2 March 2022, at 23:12 (UTC).