These small northern peoples are situated in the Far East, with the largest number of people belonging to the Evenks and Nents and the smallest group being the Enets people and the Oroch people. These northern groups are more or less exclusively nomads. Their small number is determined by the limited economic diversity of the Taiga and by what a hunter needs for feeding his family and by the farming area for the reindeer nomads. These people lived, apart from fishing, mainly on producing furs and hunting sea animals and gathering fungi, berries, nuts, algae and medicinal plants. These nomadic groups are still living in tents, so-called jarangas and also tschum, which are covered with reindeer skins. They moved around using sleighs with wide gliders, the narty, which may also be pulled along in summer over the moist grounds of the Tundra. The religious world is marked by Shamanism having a variety of mystic and cult actions performed.
In Siberia and in some parts of Mongolia, the ursa, also called chum, as it is known in other languages, is an alternative to the ger (home/house). The nomads near the Polar Sea used this tent form, spanned and covered by Karibu skins, such as the herdsmen in the Sayan Mountains (Tsaatan reindeer breeders). It is designed as to being easily transportable. Especially the Samoyeds, the Evenks, the Chuckchi and some other peoples use such housing forms; and also the peoples living in the Arctic area at places high up in the north on the Jamal Peninsula (see map).
The largest groups settling in western Siberia are Ugric tribes; the Khanty, the Mansi, former Voguls or Ob-Ostyaks, live in the forrested Taiga in western Siberia. Their neighbour are the Samoyeds (Nents and Selkup people) in the north who predominantly live on reindeer breeding. These all belong to the Uralic language family, which includes the Samoyed as well as the Finno-Ugric peoples. In the steppes and forest steppes of Southern Siberia, there are mainly settling Turkic speaking tribes, which also include the Tungusic-Manchu speaking indigenous populations. Among these, the Altai people (Altai-Kizhi), the Khakass and the Tuvins are considered the numerically largeste groups. The Altaic language family comprises today all tribes belonging to a Turk-Tartaric, Manchu-Tungusic or Mongolian language. Turkic peoples also comprise the Yakuts (Sacha) originally settling at the Upper Yenisei River, who have migrated to the north on their horses.
In the vast areas of the Taiga and the coniferous Tundra to the east of the Lower Yenisei, there have always been settling forest hunters and reindeer breeders like the Evens (Lamuts) and Evenks (Tungusic people). Another rather large group In the East-Siberian area are the Mongolian-characterized Buryats in the Baikal region. In the Amur region, there are the Nanai, the Ulch people and the Gilyaks, who also belong to the Paleo-Siberian peoples, such as the Chuckchi people settling in the north-east of Siberia, the Koryats, the Yukagirs and the Ainu, who all are actually direct descendants of the Siberian indigenous population. An exception thereto is a small group in the Central-Siberian area, the Kets, which belong to a Tibetian-Burmese language family. They are associated with this Paleo-Siberian indigenous population. In the 17th and 18th century, there were still present at the western shores of the Central Yenisei numerous descendants of these tribes such as the Kotten, Assanen und Arinen.
The concept and ideal we nowadys have has been developd by several comparisons spanning generations. "Uralic" is considered a language family, the members of which originally belonged to a uniform indigenous language: the separation line thereof often separated even families into the Finno-Ugric in the west and the Samoyedian in the East. This language family covered a territory between Fenno-Scandinavia (Baltic region) and an eastern area in Siberia (Baikal region). The most probable original settling area of the Samoyedic-Uralic might have been the territory between the rivers Ob and Yenisei in Siberia. These groups were not "completely" uniform but rather diversified in dialects, such as any other natural language. There were existent branches within one family, such as the Samoyed language with its immediate neighbours in the west, the Khanty, the Mansi and the Permic people in the eastern Ural area. Although there was recognized a true entity within the Uralic, many details of this language community still seem to be unsolved, in particular the aspects of dates and localization.
Today there are known some 6,000 to 7,000 spoken languages, which have about 400 to 500 separated lines or family. The Uralic language with its 30 to 40 language branches was somehow larger than an average family. Due to the number of people speaking an Uralic language, it was a relatively small unity in regard to its territorial expansion, but one of the larger families on our planet and an "old" family, this is, being developed a very long time ago.
One of the important unsolved questions regarding human language is its development in pre-historic time, in a society of hunters and gatherers within the Boreal eco-system in Central Asia and Eurasia. An essential factor for such a change seems to have been at least with many "old" language families that there has been existent a so-called evolution, this is a rapid development within the economy in combination with increasing affluence, especially agriculture and selective breeding, and, in connection therewith, a subsequent enormous increase in population as well as social changes. It is especially important to note that the development of today's big language families is not necessarily to be ascribed to migrations or catastrophies. Main processes were the consequence of language assimilation or language shifts, whereby the diversity of languages has become extinct in favour of an expansive family. This means, hence, that genetic diversity has become extinct, this is the number of branches of a language family, with the number of separate languages remaining relatively stable. For this reason, there were to be found many languages in pre-historic times, assuming that the population in total reached several millions in the Neolithic period, even many more. This seems to be a reasonable but rather unprecise estimation if we assume that the average language society consisted of about 500 people. There may have existed, though, more than 10,000 actively spoken languages in the period before the development of the language families that are known today. It is, however, difficult to estimate how many lines these pre-historic languages had; the number thereof, however, must have been by far larger than it is today, as the conditions for the expansion of language were rather unfavourable. All pre-historic languages more or less had the same chance in their lines from ancestors to present representatives, but only a few of these actually succeeded and survived. It could be said that all pre-historic languages were permanently threatened by extinction, just as it is the case nowadays. In this sense, Uralic had been an "endangered" language until it stated to expand and spread.
It is, however, without any doubt that Uralic languages with the so-called Altai languages, including Turkic, Mongolian, Tungusic, Korean and Japanese, belonged to a trans-Eurasian belt. In this case there are parallelities with their neighbouring ones, so that this area may be designated as a Uralic-Altaian language. Deviations may be found especially with the prototypcial Uralic-Altaian language, and these only in some branches, especially in the West with the Finnish, Sami and and in the North with the Samoyed languages; in the East with the Korean and Japanese languages; there may, however, still be observed a fundamental typological orientation within this trans-continental border area. The Uralic-Altaian border area is defined by clear areas which determine a language type against its neighbours, in the north with the Jukagyr, Chamchuck, in the south with the Indo-European, with the Sino-Tibetians as well as in the Far East with the Ghilyak languages of the Nivkh people and the Ainu. Along the fringe areas of the Uralic-Altaian border line there may be observed some examples of incremental assimilation and adaptation, such as in the case of the Northern Chinese or of several Turk and Mongolian tribes in the region Amdo Qinghai.
It is to be noted that there were further existent parallelities in area and typology, with reference to the Uralic and the non-Uralic-Altaian neighbours thereof, especially with the Indo-European language family. Uralic and Indo-European families are important, as well as Turk, Mongolian, Tungusic, Jukagyr, Amur (Ghilyak) and Chamchuck languages; they all belong to the so-called Mitian language, wherein there were contained the roots of the personal pronouns, which are used - as in may other languages - as personal markers.
This language community among the Uralic speaking population was associated with a variety of factors pertaining to other fields than language, it was connected with economic and population growth, influenced by cultural and political conditions. If only numerical proportions were considered, we could conclude that the original Uralic language was very similar to the modern Hungarian language. We do, however, know that the Hungarian pronunciation did constitute a local complex, by its physical contact with the Central European. These particularities are also existent in the neighbouring languages, including the Roman, Serbian and Slovak languages. There is not nearly a Uralic speaking population that is farther from this Proto-Uralic than the Hungarian language. Another similar example of another language family: the Turkish language is nowadays the "largest" Turkic language in regard to the number of people speaking. This could lead to the wrong implication that the modern Turks in Turkey represent a physically "original" type of the Turkic speaking people. Nothing, however, is less true, as in fact Turkish was only spoken in the second half of the first millenium B.C., and predominantly by the "Asian" population settling in the region of today's Mongolia. Due to demographic, cultural and political reasons, the Turk languages then spread in Central Asia and Eurasia as far as Turkey, while in Mongolia these languages were more or less extinguished by the expansion of the Mongolian language family. It could be said that the modern Mongols in Mongolia are more or less direct descendants of the old Turks, while the modern Turks in Turkey are more or less a direct continuation of an old local population in Anatolia, who have historically included a number of non-Turk languages, i.e. the Hattic of the Hattians or the Armenian and the Byzantine Greek languages.
We do not exactly know whether a first development of a Proto-Uralic language also included branches oriented towards the west, it is, however, still possible that a Proto-Samoyed family moved eastwards, while a Proto-Finnish-Ugric family remained in its original position.
It is, however, notable that in the Minusinsk Basin at the Upper Yenisei there could be developd a Proto-Samoyed language for the very first time. This area represents a compact region having an extraordinarily well documented sequence of archaeological cultures, starting in the Copper Age over the Bronze and the Early Iron Age with the cultures of the Afanassiewo (3500-2500. B.C.), Okunewo (2500-2000 B.C.), Andronowo (2000-1400 B.C.), Karasuk (1500-800 B.C.), Tagar (900-600 B.C.), Pazyrik (600-200 B.C.) and Tashtyk "Hunno-Sarmatian" (100 v. Chr. - 200 B.C.) up to the Yenisei Kirghiz (from 400 A.D.) to the Mongols (from 1300 A.D.) on and later the conquests of the Russian Tsars (from the 17th century on).
Without turning to the question of a probable Proto-Uralic presence in the Minusinsk Basin, it is relatively safe to say that the ethnolinguistic history of the region is to be viewed backwards, leading to the invasion of the Turkic (later Yenisei Turk), which was terminated by a Tashtyk (or Hunnitic) period in this region. The historic distribution of the local ethno-linguistic groups strongly emphasizes that the dominant language in the Minusink Bais before the Turk lingua was the language of the Tashtyk culture, following the Tagar culture; wherein this is supposed to have had Samoyed elements (Proto-Samoyed language). There have been speculations on the possible language identity of the Karasuk, Andronowo, Okunewo and Afanassiewo culture, while nothing really can be documented for sure. Also Indo-German elements in the Samoyed may indiciate that an early form of an eastern Indo-European (Proto-Tocharic) language was present in the region, either in the advance of or concurrently with the Samoyed culture.
The Nenets have their origin in the Altai-Sajan Mountains and then assimilated, after moving downwards along the River Ob, with the fishers and hunters settling there. They still live as hunters and breeders along the Arctic coast in the west and east of the Ural. The Nenet people have been endangered by the exploitation of the huge oil and gas extraction which promotes the large-scale destruction of the grassing areas for reindeers.
The Khanty and the Mansi people (earlier Ob-Ugric - Voguls and Ob-Ostyaks) developed out of the combination of autochtonous fishing and hunting tribes with horse breeders from the Central-Asian area, the Upper Irtysch, who moved northwards in the middle of the 1st century A.D. They have settled, e.g., in the central Ob area.
By way of their Finno-Ugric descendance, the Khanty people are related with the Finnish, Karelians and the Estonians. These fishermen were discovered in the 11th century by Norwegian researchers. Nowadays their life-style is endangered by oil extraction, too.
Evenks (Tungusic people) and Evens (Lamuts) in the 11th and 12th centuries still settled in the Baikal region. Close relatives are the Nani (also called: Nanei, Hezhen, Gold or Samagir), who settled at the Lower Armur and whose ancestors belonged to the Jurchen people (later on designated as Manchu). They were expelled by the immigrating Yakuts, a tribe of Turk dominated by horse nomads, or they moved farther north to the Tunkuska, to the shores of the Sea of Okhotks. In the first half of the 17th century, they were integrated into the Russian territory by the conquest of the siberian area, when they were given the name Tungusic people. This name was formed in the first century B.C. from the designation dun-khu (from Mongolian tung = forest) or maybe later from the designation of the Yakuts tong uos ("people with frozen lips", which also means "speaking in a foreign language").
There are severaly hypotheses about their origin. One thereof is based on Transbaikalia and the region of the Upper Amur. As Chinese sources have it, there supposedly immigrated in the first century B.C. a small tribe, the Uvans, living on cattle breeding into this region, who then mixed with the population already settling there; the settlers there already spoke a Uralic language and wandered around on reindeer sleighs. The Uvans then temporarily formed alliances with the Turk tribes coming from the south or with the Jurchen people (1) and also with the Mongols in confederations; this all ended with the arrival of the Turk speaking tribes of the Rouran (2) (who are said to be ancestors of the Yakuts (3), emigrating in the 9th century into the Baikal region and into the region Transbaikalia). This initiated the further displacement of the Tungusic people towards the north, who then settled in the Sibirian Taiga, to the west and the east of the Baikal, anlong the rivers Lena and the Lower Tunguska. The association with the Mongolian tribes and the formation of the Mongolian Realm with conquests in the 12th and 13th centuries created a stimulus for the migration from the Baikal to the rivers Lena, Aldan and to the shores of the Sea of Okhotks. From these migration waves there were then formed new clans of various groups with hunters, reindeer herders and horse breeders, with the last mentioned settling predominantly in the surroundings of the Baikal. They were called Khamnigan (Tungusic Horsemen). The Solon (Manchu-Tungusic people) continued to live in the Amur region and to the border to China.
The Evenks and the Evens had patrilinear clans (tege), with a clan amounting up to hundred members of the same origin. They were in general designated after a common ancestor, and they were led by a respected elderman or a young warrior; but also by a well-experienceed hunter (soning), a shaman, a blacksmith (tavin), or simply by a rich reindeer herder.
These groups domesticated reindeers, which pulled the sleighs for transports or carried heavy loads. The tribes of the Vitim-Olekma, Jukagir and Orochons had up to 100 reindeers and used them also for riding or hunting. They were very mobile and moved enormous distances in search of good grassing areas for their herds. During their halts in the calving season, they erected fences and created fire sites in order to keep off mosquitos and midges. They trimmed antlers, castrated reindeers and cared for the sick and ill. Reindeers were only slaughtered if the family suffered from a famine, if the hunt had been without any success, or if they had no luck when fishing.
They mainly lived on fish and deer. They drank tea before their meals. They preferred cooked meat in a broth, while meat and fish were roasted on rods. In summer they consumed maire's milk, which was added to tea and enriched with berries and which was also used for making butter. Gathering was only a secondary task.
The steppe tribes practised nomad breeding (horses, sheep). They lived in local groups and had blacksmiths, and they processed bones, horn, animal hides, and they carved wood. They further produced househould accomodities from wood or birch, and they made meshes for fishing from nettles. They built birch wood boats, produced covers, saddles, sleighs, skis, carpets and saddle bags.
Their clothes were made from reindeer skin (rovduga) or other fabrics, with the clothes being decorated with belts made of fur, fringes, horse's hair, metal medaillons and so on. The women had their hair knotted on the top of their heads, wrapped by pearl bands (chireptun).
They hunted hoofed and fur bearing animals, practised seasonal fishing (summer and winter), and in the Taiga they lived on reindeer breeding. There were also groups who practised a semi-nomadic or nomadic life style. Their annual movements from one grassing area to the next were interrupted when it was calving or mating season. These interruptions were used for hunting or fishing. In summer, they moved to higher situated grassing areas in dry territories (at the ridge or on the hillside), in autumn and spring they were mainly living in basins, near lakes or forests. These annual cycles were determined by local weather conditions and the climate. In December and in July, there were organized big clan gatherings on the occasion of midsummer celebrations, which were called suglan.
Traditional songs and round dances developed into a repertory of its own and have assumed important functions within the tribe or the family or on the occasion of Shamanistic holy days. The melodies for the dance were improvisations and adapted to the tempo and the rhythm of the circle dance movements. Each regional group developed its own dances. The Evenks also include lyric songs, dance songs, hymns, Shamanist ritual songs and instrumental music in their traditional folcloristic repertory. The songs are in general designated as "Iken" (ik = to sound). Instruments were used for spontaneoulsy improvised music, and some forms, especially wind instruments, were used by hunters to attract animals. Instruments were used while working or in the leisure time, and they served ceremonial rituals. The music was performed on a pluriarc having a can as a soundbox (such as the Mongolian khuuchir) or on a twelve-string box zither. Also a lute having one, two or three strings was used. The Jew's Harp originally consisted of a tendon which was used as a string, the one end of which being held by the teeth of the player and the other one being stretched over the thumb and plucked by a finger of the free hand.
Their traditional nature religion was cleary influenced by Shamanism, apart from the worship of the fire. The Evenk tradition is considered by modern research as a classic, typical form of a nature religion. The term "shaman/chaman/saman" has its roots originally in the Evenk language (Manchu-Tungusic). The world is seen as a river, with its sources being the Heaven and which flows through the world of the peoples. Shamans were a kind of medium, mediators between man and the spiritual world. They called upon helping spirits and used their help for healing the sick and the ill, for finding lost things, for predicting the future, for providing protection for the children and the herds, for easening the pains of giving birth, for granting hunting luck or for accompanying the souls of the deceased into the world of the dead. Their clothes were decorated with medaillons, pictures and iron beads, their heads were garnished by reindeer antlers. They also used drums and rattles, and in their sessions relied on assistants.
There were developed contacts with immigrating Russians in the early 17th century. Inter-tribal conflicts between the clans were ended, and this constituted the beginning of mass emigration in the search of new hunting territories. The Russians were mainly farmers and settled along the rivers at the Middle Yenisei, Lena, Amur and the Upper Tunguska. In this way, the Evenks were displaced from these fruitile grassing grounds, towards the north. Until the middle of the 17th century, the Manchu (earlier Juchen peope) formed larger groups at the right shores of the river Amur, and they were reindeer or horse breeders. In the 18th century a part of those settling in the Transkbaikalian region was assimilated by the Buryats. In the 19th century some of them migrated to the coast of the Sea of Ochotsk and to the rivers Uchur and Amgun in order to flee smallpox epidemics. Some of them migrated to the region Primorje (at the sea), to the river Tumnin, there uniting with the Dueges and the Oroch people (Nanai) and later on moving to the Sachalin Islands (see map – Amur).
In 1930 there were developed the autonomous okrugs covering a huge and not very densely populated territory in the Central-Siberian mountains. The most important rivers are the Lower Tunguska and the Stony Tunguska, both being affluents of the Yenisei river. The surface of the okrugs is rather mountainous. The Evenks are mainly reindeer breeding nomads, and their religion is a form of shamanism in combination with a syncretic world concept (mixture of religious Ideas with philosophies).
The Evenks, which are also called Evenki and Tungusic people, are a "small people" that has developed from numerous regional groups and clans. They live within the Siberian area, distributed over an expansive territory being larger than Europe. There are individual smaller tribes in other regions, such as in the autonomous okrug of the Chukchi people, the Koryaks and on the Sachalin Islands. The tribes of the Duege settle at the Amur and the Ussuri (see map – Amur). Related groups are also the Nanai at the lower Armur and the Evens (Lamuts): Relatives, the Tsataans (Dukha), live also in Mongolia, at the Yenisei spring, and in the People's Republic of China, especially tribes of reindeer breeders and cattle breeders, the Solon and the Orqui people, who are still living a nomadic life style. These groups developed from an assimilation with Manchurian, Mongolian and Turkic tribes and are considered the oldest people already settling in Siberia rather early. Their origin is in the area of the Middle Yenisei up to the Lake Baikal and in the Armur region, where today there are mainly settling Buryats. Their language is one of the Manchu-Tungusic language family. This term is a summarising designation for peoples or groups, among whose ancestors the Manchu-Tungusic language was used. Although the language is more similar to the Chinese, they are closer related with the Mongols and the Turkish in terms of culture.
Tungusic languages and cultures do make sense, as the people recorded information on their history, language and culture by way of collecting stories: such that is contained in oral traditions, with their clan name, their songs, their artefacts, and so on. The Evenk dialects of the Solon, Negidal and Oroch people (together with the fifth "Northern Evenk dialect) and with that of the Nanai, Oroq, Ulch and Kile are considered the dialects of a language. Tungusic languages are probably more similar to the Portugues line than to the Mandarin-Cantonese language.
Arman is generally a dialect of the Evens (Lamuts).
The Orochian language is in general seen as a dialect of the Evenks by Non-Chinese linguists.
Kile may in general be a dialect spoken by the Nanai.
Sibe is considered to be a dialect of the Manchu (Jurchen) people - by some Non-Chinese linguists.
The Manchu language was one of the official languages of the Tungusic-Manchu Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). This being the most far-spread scripture and literature language in the 17th century - based on Mongolian examples), there was developed a script which was also used for notable literature. Already the ancestors of the Manchu, the Jurchen people, had used their own script on the basis of the script of the Proto-Mongolian Kitan in the North-Chinese Jin Dynasty (1114-1234). Their territory was later on concquered by the Mongols, such as that of the later Song Dynasty. In this language, there were also found remnants of manuscripts and inscriptions as well as individual words in Chinese chronicles dating back thereto.
The Sibe language, which had developed from the Manchu-Tungusic language, is still rather common in Xinjiang in the Ili area. The Xibe (Sibe) still use their own script, which is a slight deviation of the Manchu script.
Tungusic riding peoples were partly also called Tatars, but they do not have any links with the Russian Tatars or the Mongolian tribe of the same name; throughout the Middle Ages, these remained a stable political factor in Manchuria.
Since the end of the 1920ies, there is a standard script for the Evenks in Russia; it is based on the Cyrillic script. But nowadays, however, many people already speak a Russian, Yakut or Buryat language. Those settling the far north still live on nomadic reindeer breeding, hunting and fishing; they still live in tents. But in the course of colonization and the foundation of the state farms of Sovkhoz many people settled down, with certain tradition still being practised. Other groups such as the Horse Evenks (probably mixed with the immigrated Yakuts from the Altai) or the Solon people in China today mainly live on cattle breeding and farming. Unemployment and social problems like alcohol are being dominating factors for everyday life within the Russian Federation. Some people have found jobs in the Siberian oil and mine industries.
The Paleo-Siberian groups, which also include the Chukchi people, were expelled from the south towards the north; now these are living on the Chukchi Peninsula: The Tundra Chukchi with reindeer herds and the Coastal Chukchi, which have laid their focus on hunting whales and seals.
It is not known when the first people settled there, but archaeological findings make us assume that the first settlers of an existing Bering Landbridge settled in this area and also in Alaska. These people are related with each other, not only in regard to the geological situation but also in regard to the way of living practised by these people. This is confirmed by a number of features that are common with the indigenous population of Alaska as well as that of the Chukchi Peninsula. Settlement had to endure harsh climatic conditions as it was the time of the so-called last "Sartan Ice Age" (1).
Life was concentrated mainly in the Tundra zone in the area around the glaciers and in the valleys between these glacieres. At that time mammoths were grazing there, woolly rhinos and aurochs, remnants of which are still being excavated. The main tasks of the tribes were hunting, fishing and gathering. Gradually a part of the peoples began to practise reindeer breeding as herders (especially the immigrated continental Chukchi people), others (such as the Eskimos and the Coastal Chukchi people) lived from the sea.
(1) The Sartan Ice Age 12,000 (13,000) to 23,000 (25,000) years ago was the last part of the Pleistocene period. It was the coldest part of the Ice Age (Sartan, Late Valdai, Late Wisconsin). Numerous radiocarbon data from different Siberian areas and from the northern hemisphere indicate that it became very cold some 22,000-23,000 years ago.
The Chukchi Peninsula – is situated in the extreme north-eastern part; it is an open wedge-like peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and the Northern Polar Sea. The narrow Bering Landbridge forms a separation to Alaska. Some 30,000 years ago they had been an entity, which was then separated by natural forces. The indigenous people included the Chukchi people, the Eskimos, the Evens, the Chuvash people, the Yukaghir people, the Koryaks and the Kereks. All these have a different origin and belong to different language groups. The biggest area are the mountaing ranges, the highlands and the plateaus. The valleys and basins are composed of swampy (forest) Tundra. The southern and the western part of the autonomous okrugs are limited by the well-known river Kolyma. The largest rivers Anadyr includes a variety of lakes. The Lake Elgygytgyn having a depth of more than 160 metres is considered an important natural monument, which was supposedly formed by a meteorite impact. There are also existent some dead volcanoes. Winter lasts eight months. The climate is rather raw: at the coast there is maritime climate with strong winds, which often turn into snow storms; on the mainland, however, there is continental climate. In winter temperatures may reach -60 degrees Celsius, average annual temperature is about 12 degrees. The northern part of the territory is situated beyond the polar circle, there is permafrost soil nearly everywhere. Flora is rather sparse: in the Tundra you may find moss, flechen, sedges, bushes and small trees, in the river valleys and in the southern parts there are deciduous trees, birches and poplars. Fauna has adapted to raw nature. There are mainly northern reindeers, elks, muttons, ice and brown bears, polar wolves, wolverines, foxes, sables, eagles, polar chicken, wood grouses and in summer there are cranes, geese and ducks. In the seas there are to be found the walrus, seaks, whales, and in freshwater areas there are existent graylings, the Siberian salmon, the Omul and other salmon-, vendace and carp-like fish. In the Chukchi Peninsula there have been established several nature reserve parks.
The reindeer breeders lived in a polygonal spacious tent, which is called Tshum and which is covered by reindeer skins and which may then be easily transported. In the middle, there is placed a fire for cooking. This smoke also helps in keeping off the mosquitos and escapes through an opening in the roof. On the floor, there are placed several layers of reindeer skins, which also serve for sitting down. In front of the tent there are arranged sleighs, which are called Narty and which are loaded with tools. Next to the main tent there are arranged several tents for sleeping. The women have to do the most of the work. It is their task to cook the meals, to sew the clothes, to prepare the tents, to gather firewood and to assist the men with herding. From September on the people wear an overall made of fur. In winter, they wear two overalls, with the inner one facing the body and the upper one towards the outside. Reindeer breeding, fishing and hunting are the basis of their way of living. Keeping big lifestock provided for food, clothes and shoes. The reindeer was the centre of their material and spiritual culture. They lived as nomads and moved from one place to the next one in search of new grassing areas. They moved on every 18 to 19 days and loaded everything onto their sleighs. The routes they had travelled the year before were avoided in order to prevent overgrazing and to fatten their reindeers. At every resting place there are slaughtered two animals, and the meat is stored in a permafrost hole of 30 cm depth. Interruptions of their wandering is conditioned by the season, by the quality of the grassing fields and by several other circumstances. In the course of the year, the herds will separate several times, and they subsequently meet again. Each group has a wandering route of its own. Knowledge on grassing conditions and selective breeding is handed over from one generation to the next one, thus promoting the good health and quality of the herds. Reindeers are actually semi-wild, anxious and very fast animals. Grassing is therefore rather difficult for the herders. There have to be crossed many kilometres, small volcanoes, swampy areas, rivulets and snow fields. Mosquitoes are very burdensome, and fungi are dangerous. Sometimes, there is given the danger of wlld reindeers which are bigger and stronger, with these often entrailing the domesticated animals. It is nearly impossible to stop these animals. In earlier times, nobody would have dared to stop these animals, as everybody had great respect. The people rather tried to convince the animals to stay with the flock. At the utmost, they threw lassoes, tickled the animals - and they were successful. In earlier times it was also prohibited to use dogs when herding. Years of experience with herding and good knowledge on the habits of the animals were the basis for good herding. Scouts were sent trying to find the herd. For this, it was absolutely necessary to have a good eye and a sharp ear. There were further always waiting numerous predators (bears, wolves and wolverines).
In autumn the separated groups find together again, then using the paths of autumn and winter, when in August and September the reindeers are driven together. Then there is practised the annual slaughtering, wherein the herd is reduced by a third in order meet the lower capacity of the winter grassing areas. Meat, which in former times was bought by the sovkhos, now has to be sold by the people themselves, which, however, is not very economic due to the high transport costs (partly by way of helicopters) and the low sale prices. Their style of living has not changed very much, especially in the far north-east. At the times of the Tsars, the northern peoples had to pay a fur tax, the so-called Jassak, which reduced the time and energy for their own struggles in making a living under unfavourable conditions. This resulted in poverty and poor living conditions. Life expectancy for men was about 30 to 40 years. The indigenous population has adapted over the course of many centuries to the narcotic effects of fungi, and they have developed a rather strange culture of using this natural product, although alcoholism has definitely led to destruction. Stories today tell of "naïve and rather limited people". In this way, the Chukchi people have developed from a freedom seeking tribe gradually into a horde of dirty, lecherous and alcoholic brutes, at least in the imagination of the conquerors. The term "Chukchi people" then got the meaning of "dullness". The many cases of illness and a high suicide rate are rather prominent. Nevertheless, in the souls of the indigenous population of the Chukchi people there are still present islands of ethnic memories, which represent themselves in the world concept of customs, traditions or in artistic pieces of work. Patterns and details of traditional clothing, the shoes decorated with pearls, these all have been sewn together for daily use. These people do not base their artistic activities on handicraft knowledge but rather on their heritage of feelings for the beautiful and the important of their homecountry.
In earlier times, the women, the old and the toddlers were separated from the herd of wandering herdsmen, and they formed a summer camp at an idyllic site. Usually, they sought sites in the vicinity of a river full of fish, surrounded by bushes or a near forest, which then provided for wood. Women and children worked on furs, sew clothes, gathered food in the form of root plants, they dried fish; the old men produced reindeer sleighs and dishes. In this way, they all prepared for the winter. In spring, in the time of calving and in the advance thereof, the breeders of various groups met again, helping each other when separating dams. There were organized festivities on the occasion of the birth of the first calves. This was a very joyful and carefree time of the year. Wild reindeers were hunted, races with horses and sleighs as well as wrestling matches were organized.
The life of the coastal tribes was not any stranger along the entire coast of the Bering Sea and the eastern part of the coast of the Chukchi Sea. Whales, walrusses and seals were hunted. In earlier times, the harpoons were made from walrus teeth. Harpoons with rotatable ends were even then considered masterworks of tools for hunting. Hunts were seasonal - in summer with the aid of boats, in winter on ice. Hunting products formed the basis for food and clothes of the coastal population. There were celebrated many festivities, with the whale festival being the largest one.
Their religious concepts are the Animism, that the Creator has created man apart from many other living beings. Those people who had died in dignity (in war, while hunting, etc.) were allowed to enter the heaven spheres, those who had died without dignity (illness etc.) would go to the Lower Sphere. This is the reason why a variety of ghosts and spirits is present, who may help or harm the living ones. In the rather complicated and unknown world, where an invisible "landlord" could be residing behind any tent pole or under any ground pile, people had to be extremely careful. In their daily activities, the people had to learn to live with the help of their experiencees and knowledge. "Prayers" and personal amulets help and serve as life protectors. Nevertheless, there will sometimes ocurr extraordinary cases, e.g. when an evil strong spirit kidnaps the soul, and in this case it it necessary to get the help of a healer, who is gifted to immerse into the world of the spirits and to perform there actions to save the robbed souls. Such a man Is the shaman.


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text:
Q: What Feed Reader libraries for Java are best? What Java library would you say is the best for consuming and parsing feeds? Requirements:

*

*Embeddable

*Supports Atom & RSS

*Has caching architecture

*Should be able to deal with any feed format the same way

(Please: one suggestion per answer.)

A: Will ROME do?

A: We also use ROME. While the SAX/eventing based FeedParser architecture is interesting it is a dormant project at Apache.
The "dormant" at Apache seems to imply NO binary download links and NO active development.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Coronavirus: Updated Cruise Ship Policies and Cancellations Because of COVID-19 (2021)
P&O Cruises to Sell Oceana, Ship to Leave Fleet This Month
Rolling Out the Deals: Why Now Might Be a Great Time to Book a Cruise
Costa Cruises Becomes First Carnival Corp. Brand to Restart Cruising
Wave Season Cruise Deals 2021
Out to Sea: Keeping Tabs on the Global Cruise Fleet
Another Big Week for Cruising in England as More Ships Set Sail, Arrive For Restart
Norwegian Breakaway Cruise Ship Returns To New York: We Chat With NCL President Harry Sommer
Additional Cruise Lines Opt To Require COVID-19 Boosters
American Empress
American Empress Restarts River Cruises on the Columbia and Snake Rivers
Aaron Saunders
Senior Editor, News and Features
(10:40 a.m. EDT) -- American Queen Steamboat Company (AQSC) has resumed its operations on the Columbia and Snake Rivers for the first time in nearly 20 months -- for fully vaccinated travellers.
The line announced Monday the classically-inspired American Empress would set out today on its first sailing from Vancouver, Washington (across the river from Portland, Oregon) to Spokane (Clarkston), Washington.
AQSC successfully restarted operations on the Mississippi River in March aboard the brand-new American Countess, and Cruise Critic was onboard for the occasion.
Today, American Empress becomes the first ship to resume service on the Columbia and Snake rivers, as well as the first ship in the region to set sail carrying a fully vaccinated mandate for all passengers and crew.
"Our last voyage [on the Columbia and Snake Rivers] was in November of 2019," Shawn Bierdz, President of American Queen Steamboat Company, told Cruise Critic in an interview. "It's been twenty months since we started up…which is amazing when you think about it."
Sailings onboard American Empress's 2021 season in the Pacific Northwest -- which is almost entirely sold out, according to the line -- are open for reservation for passengers of any nationality that have been fully vaccinated with all required doses of a COVID-19 vaccine approved by the FDA or WHO.
All passengers aboard American Empress must show proof of COVID-19 vaccination at check-in by presenting a valid vaccination card or an image of their valid vaccination card. Those passengers who fail to provide proof of vaccination will be denied boarding and will be subject to applicable cancellation policies.
AQSC says all crew are vaccinated onboard American Empress, as well. A fleetwide, 100 percent vaccination strategy goes into effect as of the company's July 1, 2021 departures (previous departures recommended full vaccination against COVID-19, along with PCR testing).
Even with the mandate for vaccines, AQSC is having no difficulty in selling American Empress' return to the rivers.
"Of all of our vessels, American Empress is probably the most sold-out," explains Bierdz. "About 13 out of 20 sailings are sold-out. So, it's a very high demand product."
The ship operates voyages along the historic waterways that call on some of the region's most unique ports of call, including Astoria, Oregon; The Dalles; and Stevenson, Washington.
American Empress is large enough to fall under restrictions on cruise set forth by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By adhering to a full vaccination mandate, the company is able to resume sailings on the Columbia and Snake rivers without the need for test cruises, but while still offering more space onboard by introducing capacity constraints to ensure no sailing goes out at 100 percent capacity.
"It's capacity-constrained," Bierdz said. "We're still under the CDC's Conditional Sail Order so we're operating at 229 souls onboard, which includes guests and crew…it's probably about 70 percent of the vessel's capacity."
American Queen's founder and CEO, John Waggoner, had told Cruise Critic earlier this year that he believed fully vaccinated cruises were the way forward to an industry restart. Because American Empress carries a full vaccine mandate, there is no need for the vessel to conduct the simulated voyages being required of operators not mandating full vaccination of passengers and crew.
"We're requiring 100 percent vaccination, and not 95 percent vaccination that the CDC is allowing," concluded Bierdz. "We do take safety very seriously. Our commitment to 100 percent guests and crew being vaccinated…that's our commitment to our guests: that they will be travelling with 100 percent vaccinated fellow guests."
American Empress is running seven-and-nine-night voyages through November.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All the hard work, expert coaching and effort comes to a head next week as 15 athletes from the Crested Butte Mountain Sports Team (CBMST) head to the United States of American Snowboard Association (USASA) National Championships at Copper Mountain April 3-9.
Athletes from around the nation will be at the national championships for a shot at the title in a variety of snowboard and ski disciplines.
Head CBMST freeride ski coach Woody Lindenmeyr has eight of his athletes bound for Copper. Top of the list is 13-year-old rising star Aaron Blunck.
Blunck got his first taste of nationals last year, finishing with a second place in the slopestyle and a fifth-place finish in the halfpipe in the 11-15-year-old age group.
This season he's ramped up his bag of tricks for the slopestyle and halfpipe events and is throwing himself into the skiercross as well.
"He's going for the overall title," says Lindenmeyr.
Hillari Spencer and Hailey Loeffler return to the skiercross competition this year.
The two battled last year for the national title in the 16-19-year-old age class with Spencer taking the national title and Loeffler finishing in fourth.
The two combined for 23 laps in the 7 Hours of the Banana earlier this year, so there's no question they're in shape and Loeffler is fresh off a freeskiing win in Snowbird so she's got her sights set on a return to the top of the podium.
Lindenmeyr expects the two could run into some stiff competition in their age group this year but the team has been working out on the top of the cross track set on Gold Link to prepare.
Josie Byron returns to the nationals as well, with a fourth-place finish under her belt from her first trip there last season.
Tiffany Taaca, Aiden Treuttner and Skylar Kraatz all qualified for nationals as well in skiercross and Sean Johnson will compete in both the skiercross and slopestyle events.
Assistant director for the CBMST Christian Robertson heads up the snowboard crew. There are five events for snowboarders: slalom, giant slalom, halfpipe, slopestyle and boardercross. Nine CBMST snowboarders qualified for nationals this year, with seven making the trip.
Kevin Healey qualified in all five events and will be gunning for the overall National title in his Grommet age group with Zach Siegel joining him in the boardercross.
Both Nora Healey and Thomas Taaca took third place overall last year at nationals and could step up to the top spot this year in the Menehune age group.
Colleen Healey owned the competition last year and is coming into the nationals this year on fire, looking to repeat as the overall national champion in Breaker girls class.
Josh Gallen qualified in both the giant slalom and halfpipe and Robertson thinks he could turn some heads at nationals.
Alexis Roemer is in the women's open class and has battled injuries all season but should put the hurt on the competition in the halfpipe and boardercross.
"She could spoil the day for some of the favorites if she has a good day in either venue," says Robertson.
As a whole, the team is charging their way into nationals and should match up against riders from around the country.


text:
Thailand's hybrid protest-festivals a popular attraction
There's something uniquely Thai about attempting to bring down a government with concerts, performances and fashion shows. Despite the real threat of indiscriminate violence, the past few months of relentless street protests proceeded with a carnival, festive atmosphere. Occupying major intersections and blockading government ministries, protesters succeeded in grinding the capital to a halt.
"Monarchy" has undoubtedly become the word of the year as protesters aired their grievances in colorful and exuberant fashion. Shielded by one of the world's strictest anti-defamation laws, the Thai monarchy has in a matter of months gone from an untouchable institution, whispered about behind closed doors, to the subject of open criticism.
The institution of the Thai monarchy, which is roughly 800 years old, is now being challenged by 21st century people in their very own Millennial ways and their demands are much more serious than their symbols of pop culture might suggest – resignation of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, rewrite the constitution and reform the monarchy.
From the very beginning, the largely student protesters used other pop-cultural elements. The three-finger salute from the Hollywood blockbuster "Hunger Games," which portrayed an uprising against a dictatorial regime, became a symbol of resistance for protesters. They dressed up as Harry Potter, held fun-runs with stuffed Hamtaro hamster toys and fans of K-Pop groups did fundraising for the protest on social media platforms tapping into a strong digital network and "weaponizing" social media and messaging platforms.
The advancement of recent protests is greater than previous ones in Thai society as it has stepped beyond the borderline between the digital and physical world. Hashtags of new protest ideas spread as people were still looking for unique ways of protesting. Creativity, culture, and trendiness have become tools for this era of political demonstrations blurring the boundary between the digital and physical space.
"It has become a movement that represents our generation," Kitt Mareengam, a student protester said. "We don't need the old-style of protests where leaders just get on a stage and talk aggressively. That's boring. We have our own way and it is more colorful and festive."
Playful protests featuring street art, performances and other creative activities have become a popular cultural attraction in Bangkok pulling in thousands to tens of thousands of mostly young demonstrators. In true festival style, stalls sold T-shirts, hats and other souvenirs, while hundreds of food carts served up drinks, noodles, sweets and snacks.
The police fire water cannon and teargas at protesters who cut through razor-wire barricades and removed concrete barriers outside the parliament in Bangkok, Thailand, November 17, 2020. /Reuters
For food sellers, the protest movement is a welcome business opportunity. Vendors follow the social media announcement from the protesters' accounts diligently and then race to the scene as soon as a new protest venue is announced.
Nitha Chana pushes his cart of grilled squid skewers through crowds of protesters at almost all the protest site since July.
"There're so many customers here and my sales have gone up," he said. "Usually I would sell around 3,000-4,000 baht ($99-130), but if I sell at a protest, I can make up to 6,000 baht."
As his squid skewers smoke from the charcoal grill, Nitha Chana said he is aware of the risks of doing business in such a volatile environment. But the economic downturn in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has left him with limited options.
The light and festive atmosphere of Thailand's latest episode of political unrest has been sporadically met with violent clashes. The protest near the parliament house on November 17 was the most violent since the student-led movement emerged in July. Bangkok's Erawan Medical Center said at least 55 people were hurt: at least 32 were suffering from teargas and six people had gunshot wounds.
Thailand's troubled democratic history has been marred by a seemingly "unbreakable" cycle: military coup, interim government, elections, repeat. So while the people on the streets dream of a better, more democratic Thailand, their creative strategies as a means to bring about that dream has, so far, done little to shake the establishment and the country's most powerful institutions.
First batch of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine arrives in Serbia
M5.1 earthquake jolts waters off Taitung County, China's Taiwan
Stricter lockdown restrictions might be on the way: UK PM
U.S. Vice President-elect Harris receives first dose of COVID-19 vaccine
Thailand to test thousands after shrimp market COVID-19 outbreak
Boko Haram claims kidnapping of hundreds of Nigerian students


text:
Die Berettyó (rumänisch: Barcău oder Beretău) ist ein 167,3 km (nach anderen Angaben 134 km) langer Fluss in Siebenbürgen in Rumänien und in Nordostungarn.

Sie hat ihre Quelle im Kreis Sălaj in Rumänien. Sie durchquert den rumänischen Kreis Bihor und die Komitate Hajdú-Bihar und Békés in Ungarn.

Sie mündet bei Szeghalom in die Sebes-Körös (Schnelle Kreisch; rumänisch: Crişul Repede). Nach dem Fluss ist die Stadt Berettyóújfalu benannt.

Die folgenden Städte und Gemeinden liegen an der Berettyó (von der Quelle bis zur Mündung):
 in Rumänien: Boghiș, Nușfalău, Ip, Suplacu de Barcău, Balc, Abram, Marghita, Abrămuț, Chișlaz, Sălard, Tămășeu
 in Ungarn: Kismarja, Pocsaj, Esztár, Hencida, Gáborján, Szentpéterszeg, Berettyóújfalu, Bakonszeg, Zsáka, Darvas, Füzesgyarmat, Csökmő, Szeghalom.

Weblinks

 Berettyó, in: A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (ungarisch)

Fluss in Rumänien
Fluss in Ungarn
Fluss in Europa
Geographie (Kreis Sălaj)
Geographie (Kreis Bihor)
Geographie (Komitat Hajdú-Bihar)
Geographie (Komitat Békés)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


History: 43-24837 N515ZB "Berlin Express"
2014: Nov 07, first-flight, John Muszala at the controls - Congrats to Pacific Fighters, Beautiful restoration!
2017: Jun 28, epic journey across the Atlantic Ocean, 4,775 NM journey piloted by Lee Lauderback of Stallion 51, to fly at Duxford in the Flying Legends airshow.
2017: July, broken canopy during flight, remaining in Duxford for 2018 Flying Legends airshow.


text:
Ishim () is a town in the south of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Population:  It was previously known as Korkina Sloboda (until 1782).

History
It was founded in 1670 as the village of Korkina Sloboda. In 1721, by the order of Tsar Peter the Great the village gained the right to establish Nikolskaya Trade Fair which rapidly became one of the most important trade fairs in Siberia. This trade fair took place twice a year on the Saint Nicholas day (19 December and 22 May) until 1919. In 1782, by the order of Empress Catherine the Great, Korkina Sloboda was renamed Ishim and was granted town status. In 1918, Ishim became the administrative center of Ishimsky Uyezd. In 1921-1922 Ishim was the center of the West Siberian rebellion. In 1984, the city began a sister city relationship with Grand Forks, North Dakota in the United States. This relationship terminated in the late 1990s due to economic turmoil in Ishim. In 2017 Ishim began a sister relationship with Surovikino, Volgograd Oblast in Russia.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Ishim serves as the administrative center of Ishimsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Ishim—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Ishim is incorporated as Ishim Urban Okrug.

Transport
Ishim is currently designated the eastern terminus of European route E22, a road route crossing Russia, Latvia, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Climate

Notable people
Pyotr Pavlovich Yershov, writer
Nikolai Nikitin, engineer
Nikolay Anikin, Olympic cross country skier
Boris Shakhlin, a Soviet gymnast, the 1960 Olympic all-around champion and the 1958 all-around World Champion

References

Notes

Sources

External links

Official website of Ishim
Ishim Business Directory

Cities and towns in Tyumen Oblast
Ishimsky Uyezd
Populated places established in 1670


text:
Der Scharlatan (Originaltitel: Nightmare Alley) ist ein US-amerikanisches Filmdrama aus dem Jahr 1947, das auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von William Lindsay Gresham basiert. Die Uraufführung fand am 9. Oktober 1947 statt. In Deutschland erschien der Film erstmals am 19. Februar 1954. Im Jahr 2021 erschien unter dem Titel Nightmare Alley eine erneute Verfilmung des Stoffes durch Guillermo del Toro.

Handlung
Mademoiselle Zeena tritt als Showattraktion auf einem Jahrmarkt auf und täuscht außergewöhnliche mentale Kräfte vor. Sie arbeitet mit ihrem alkoholkranken Ehemann Pete zusammen. Der Auftritt war einmal hoch angesehen, doch durch Fehlverhalten Zeenas wurde Pete in den Alkohol getrieben. Nun tritt Zeena in drittklassigen Shows auf.

Zeena hat einen Code ausgearbeitet, mit dessen Hilfe sie ihre mentalen Kräfte vorgeben kann. Stanton Carlisle stößt zu der Show und erfährt, dass Zeena viel Geld für diesen Code geboten wurde. Bisher hat sich Zeena jedoch immer geweigert, ihr Geheimnis zu verkaufen. Stantons Versuch, durch Flirterei an den Code zu kommen, scheitert an Zeenas Treue zu ihrem Mann. Doch durch Stantons Schuld kommt Pete zu Tode: Statt schwarzgebranntem Fusel hat Stanton ihm versehentlich eine Flasche Methanol zu trinken gegeben. Um den Auftritt am Leben zu erhalten, muss Zeena nun Stanton anlernen, damit er von nun an als Assistent arbeiten kann.

Stanton hat sich mit der jüngeren Molly angefreundet. Als ihr Verhältnis aufgedeckt wird, werden die beiden von den anderen Angestellten zur Heirat gezwungen. Molly und er verlassen den Jahrmarkt, Stanton tritt nun als "Der große Stanton"  erfolgreich in teuren Chicagoer Nachtclubs auf. Als er die Psychologin Lilith Ritter kennenlernt, überzeugt er sie, ihn mit Informationen über ihre Patienten zu versorgen. So kann Stanton vorgeben, mit den Toten kommunizieren zu können. Alles geht gut, bis er an den skeptischen Ezra Grindle gerät. Molly kann sich nicht überwinden, als Grindles tote Jugendfreundin aufzutreten. Der Schwindel fliegt auf und das Paar muss eilig die Stadt verlassen. Da ihn Lilith Ritter um seinen Anteil des gemeinsam ergaunerten Geldes betrogen hat, stehen beide vor dem Nichts. Stanton schickt Molly zum Jahrmarkt zurück, während er Trost im Alkohol sucht.

Der ehemalige Star wird zum obdachlosen Alkoholiker. Schließlich versucht er, wieder bei einem Jahrmarkt unterzukommen. Doch der einzige Job, den er bekommt, ist der des "Geeks", eines "wilden Mannes", der im Beiprogramm lebenden Hühnern die Köpfe abbeißt. Stanton kann diese demütigende Situation nicht ertragen und verfällt in Raserei. Glücklicherweise hat auch Molly Arbeit auf diesem Jahrmarkt gefunden und kann ihren Mann beruhigen. Beide hoffen nun auf eine bessere Zukunft.

Kritik
Das Lexikon des internationalen Films beschreibt den Film als "interessantes Drama, das mit kritischem Zynismus den Aberglauben und dessen Ausbeutung behandelt". Variety fand den Film rau und brutal. Er sei mit einer ätzenden Klarheit erzählt. Die New York Times sah den Film wie auch das Buch ergiebig in den Momenten des Schocks und der Abscheu. Tyrone Power glänze durch seine Vielseitigkeit und Überzeugungskraft.

Gary Giddins von der New York Sun hielt den Film für nicht so zwingend, überzeugend oder originell wie den Roman. Doch habe er seine eigenen unverleugbaren Tugenden: das Schattenspiel der Schwarzweiß-Kamera, die verdeckten symphonischen Dissonanzen der Filmmusik, die Plausibilität der Darstellung des Jahrmarktlebens, die geschickte Diskretion in der Schilderung des Unaussprechlichen und als Meisterstück die ungewöhnliche Besetzung. Mick LaSalle vom San Francisco Chronicle bewertete Der Scharlatan als einen "eigenartigen und kranken Film, der von hochtalentierten Leuten produziert wurde".

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1947
US-amerikanischer Film
Filmdrama
Schwarzweißfilm
Literaturverfilmung


text:
Famous Television and Movie Houses in Los Angeles
United States California
All California
By Betsy Malloy
Several houses in the Los Angeles, California, area provided locations for some of your favorite TV shows. All of the houses on this list are private residences, not tourist attractions. Please behave the same way you'd want people to act around your own house. Don't disturb its occupants, knock on the door, peer in their windows or take souvenirs.
Betsy Malloy Photography
The Brady Bunch was the first sitcom about a blended family, the "bunch" of kids, parents, housekeeper and pets who lived in a split-level suburban home.
According to the Los Angeles Times, this house was newly built but the owner hadn't yet moved into it because of construction on the Ventura Freeway, which now runs behind it. If you're a real fan, you may notice that this home looks shorter than the one in The Brady Bunch shows. Set designers attached fake windows on the roof to give the appearance of a second story.
The fence is also new since The Brady Bunch was filmed, added when the owner grew frustrated with rude people walking up and peering into her living room. The house made its debut in the second episode of The Brady Bunch and appeared in almost every one of the 115 episodes that ensued. The Brady Bunch house is located at 11222 Dilling Street in North Hollywood.
Brother & Sisters House
The Brothers & Sisters house is the home of Nora Walker (Sally Field) in the ABC series. It's located in a lovely Pasadena neighborhood at 1640 Lombardy Road, near the Langham Huntington Hotel. Brothers & Sisters premiered in 2006, a story about a California family who own the fictional Ojai Foods company. Sally Field won an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her role in the show.
Charmed House
The show Charmed is set in San Francisco which has plenty of great Victorian-style houses, but the house is actually in Los Angeles. The home of the Halliwell family in the television series is located at 1329 Carroll, near Dodger Stadium in a neighborhood of similar houses. According to the series, the Charmed house was built in 1898, which may be close, according to a historic plaque mounted across the street.
Dead Again House
The reincarnation thriller Dead Again was directed by Kenneth Branagh and starred Emma Thompson. The film features several Los Angeles locations, but the climax was filmed at here, where the story's star Grace lives in the apartment complex. The Dead Again "house" is on High Tower Drive, off Camrose Drive west of Highland Avenue. The closest you can get by automobile to the Dead Again house is the dead-end street below. The tower houses an elevator that carries residents to their homes.
Father of the Bride House
Used in both the original 1991 and the 1995 sequel of the film Father of the Bride, starring Steve Martin, the Father of the Bride house still looks like it did in the films. While Martin's character claims he lives in San Marino, the Father of the Bride house is actually located in Pasadena at 843 S. El Molino Avenue. According to iamnostalker.com, the filmmakers had to fix up the Father of the Bride house before they started shooting.
Happy Days House
The Happy Days house was the home of the fictional Cunningham family in the sitcom filmed from 1974 to 1984. You won't find the porch swing or Fonzie's motorcycle parked on the front lawn, but, otherwise, the Happy Days house looks much the same as it did. You may find a private security guard driving around the neighborhood, though. The Happy Days house is at 565 North Cahuenga Boulevard.
Leave it to Beaver House
The Leave it to Beaver house may look eerily familiar. Located on the Universal Studios backlot, it's been featured in many television programs and movies. It also served as one of the houses on Wisteria Lane in the popular television show Desperate Housewives.
Nightmare on Elm Street House
The Thompson residence in the 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street is located in Hollywood at 1428 Genessee Avenue.
Six Feet Under House
The Six Feet Under house, home of the Fisher and Sons Funeral Home in the HBO series, is located in the West Adams Historic District, south of I-10 at 2302 West 25th Street, even though it was allegedly in North Hollywood. Just imagine that lime-green hearse in the driveway.
Thriller House
Used in the famous Michael Jackson video (the scene where Ola Ray seeks refuge from the zombies), the Thriller house is located just next door to the Charmed house at 1345 Carroll, near Dodger Stadium. It doesn't look nearly as scary in the daylight as it did in that darkened scene, does it?
Explore Santa Rosa's Hollywood History
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St. Petersburg, Fla. (August 22, 2016) – The city of St. Petersburg is moving forward with efforts to invest in the growth and success of South St. Petersburg – focusing on two invaluable assets, our residents and our businesses. City officials are seeking proposals from entities or individuals who can create and implement the mayor's new Cohort of Champions Training Initiative including Educational, Entrepreneurial/Workforce, and Enrichment/Second Chances Training opportunities for African American males.
Under the My Brother's and Sister's Keeper umbrella of programs, the Cohort of Champions Training Initiative is the next step in providing opportunities, preparing our African American boys and young men for the future, and developing a trained, qualified and ready workforce necessary for businesses, industry and employers to succeed.
The city invites qualified firms to submit proposals for the Cohort of Champions Training Initiative – to include the development of Educational, Entrepreneurial/Workforce and Enrichment/Second Chances Training Programs for African American males.
Organizations or individuals who can develop and provide such programs are encouraged to attend a Pre-Proposal Conference for RPF-6180 on Tuesday, August 30, at 5:30 p.m. at the Enoch Davis Center, 1111 18th Avenue South.
The online Request for Proposal will close at 3 p.m. Tuesday, September 13, 2016.
The Request for Proposal document for RPF-6180 can be viewed online under "Current Solicitations" on this page: https://athena.stpete.org/OA_HTML/OA.jsp?OAFunc=PON_ABSTRACT_PAGE&PON_NEGOTIATION_STATUS=ACTIVE.
Pending St. Petersburg City Council approval of the budget, the Cohort of Champions Training Initiatives will start in November 2016.


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Couple sentenced for insider trading
By Kathie O'Donnell
Charges tied to Citizens' acquisition of Charter One
KathieO'Donnell
BOSTON (MarketWatch) - A husband and wife were sentenced in federal court on insider trading charges stemming from Citizens Financial Group Inc.'s 2004 acquisition of Charter One Financial Inc., the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts said Friday.
Shengnan Wang, 29, and Hai Liu, 32, of Natick, Mass., were each sentenced Thursday by U.S. District Judge Douglas Woodlock to one year of probation and five hundred hours of community service, U. S. Attorney Michael Sullivan and Kenneth Kaiser, special agent in charge of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in New England, announced in a press release.
Wang was a portfolio analyst in the credit portfolio management group at the Boston offices of Citizens Financial. Among other things, the group was responsible for due diligence investigations of banks that Citizens, a unit of Royal Bank of Scotland Group, sought to acquire.
In February 2004, Wang and her husband Liu invested personal funds in Global Time Capital Management, a hedge fund run by a former co-worker of Wang's called Michael Tom. In April 2004, Wang learned that co-workers were performing a due diligence inquiry at Charter One in Cleveland in anticipation of Citizens' purchase.
She passed that non-public information on to Tom, as well as to Liu. Tom immediately began to purchase stock in Charter One in his own name, as well as in the accounts of his hedge fund and certain of his relatives, officials charged. Liu also passed the information to a family member who bought shares of Charter One in advance of the acquisition.
On May 4, 2004, Citizens announced its intention to acquire Charter One. On May 5, 2004, the first trading day after the public announcement, Tom sold the Charter One stock he had purchased ahead of the announcement. He made more than $700,000 in profit in seven days. Wang and Liu's gain from Tom's trading was about $9,000.
Wang and Liu cooperated with the government's investigation of Tom, who also has pleaded guilty to insider trading charges. Tom is set to be sentenced on June 13.


When performing penetration testing, sqlmap can be used to have a granular control of the various injection points during a SQL injection.
But what if we want to inject a custom HTTP header not included in this predefined list? Let us take a look at an actual request to better grasp what it is we're after.


The AI720's profile measures a mere 7.5mm, making it similar in height to an iPhone for a sleek and seamless match without any unsightly differences in dimensions. Made of premium materials and components, the slim AI720 nonetheless packs up to 128GB, giving you access to ample storage space.
With up to 90MB/s per second in throughput, the AI720 leaves older USB 2.0 and even USB 3.0 devices far behind. Its speed can handle smooth Ultra HD 4K video playback without buffering. It can also process single files larger than 4GB, keeping up with big data, high fidelity content trends.
We know just how much of a hassle internal smartphone storage can be. Between a wealth of ever-bigger apps and increasingly larger photos and videos, it seems there's never enough space. But with the AI720 in hand, everyone's a storage expert. Plug it in and instantly get up to an extra 128GB of digital living space.
You can save photos and videos directly to the AI720. Keep recording and enjoying uninterrupted, especially since the AI720's performance can easily handle Ultra HD 4K video capture and playback. Don't miss out on saving precious memories: prep with more space at the ready.
Quickly move content from your iOS device to the AI720 with a single tap. This helps you free up space on your device and makes content management much easier, without having to navigate messy folder paths or storage maps.
The AI720 makes privacy a top priority. Assign passwords to files and folders – it's up to you. You can use one to avoid having to remember many passwords.
Extended Lightning connector: works with plush covers!
Don't remove that iPhone cover just so the Lightning connector can fit. The AI720 carries signature thoughtful ADATA design, resulting in a longer Lightning connector that fits perfectly even if your favorite cover is extra thick or padded.
Thanks to our i-Memory app, the AI720 works with AirPlay and Chromecast so you can enjoy content from it on the big screen. From songs to Ultra HD 4K videos, tap and cast to enjoy on any screen connected to Apply TV with AirPlay or Chromecast.
Over 40 media formats supported: the i-Memory app!
The i-Memory app works with every major document, image, audio, and video file format. It helps you sync and share content without having to use iTunes, so you can upload content directly from the AI720 to social media or other platforms. That's extra convenience for free, as i-Memory is available to download at no cost from the App Store.
Note 1. Performance may vary by platform and application.
2. Some of the listed capacity on a Flash storage device is used for formatting and other functions and is not available for data storage. Actual available capacity for data storage is less than that listed on products.


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Q: Removing AM/PM in Android Time picker Widget Is there any way to remove the AM/PM in a Time Picker Widget?

I have this function in my application but its purpose is to select only Hour and Minutes not including AM/PM, I tried to setIs24HourView(true) but it makes the time 24hours, I only want 12 hours.

A: It seems there is no public method in TimePicker to directly hide or show the AM/PM chooser. However, a look at the source code will give us the name of the resource ID for that View, which we can get with the system Resources. Then it's simply a matter of finding the View, and setting its visibility to GONE.
private void hideAmPmLayout(TimePicker picker) {
    final int id = Resources.getSystem().getIdentifier("ampm_layout", "id", "android");
    final View amPmLayout = picker.findViewById(id);
    if(amPmLayout != null) {
        amPmLayout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
}


One of the key stages with any digital marketing strategy is what happens right before your sales funnel. In other words, how are you bringing people to your brand in the first place? What are you doing to get them on your site? And how do you know that they're going to be interested in what you're selling?
This is where PPC comes in.
PPC is of course 'Pay Per Click' advertising and the two biggest networks are Google AdWords (which lets you place ads on searches) and Facebook Ads (which lets you target people by the details they have given Facebook). But simply using PPC is not enough, if you're going to be successful then you need to use PPC correctly and this will mean thinking about it in a highly systematic and logical way.
A good PPC campaign starts with the right targeting. This means knowing exactly who your target demographic is and where they're likely to be/what they're likely to be selling. It stands to reason that if you're selling to someone who is interested in your product, you will shift more units!
But just as important is to think about your cost per click (CPC). This is the maximum bid you are willing to spend when someone clicks on your ad. The more you pay, the more your ad will be seen in competitive searches. Conversely though, your objective is of course to keep this overhead as low as possible, so that you can maximize your profit margin.
And to do that, you need to calculate exactly how much each customer is going to be worth to you. This means calculating your CLV or 'Customer Lifetime Value'. That means identifying not only how much your visitors are worth to you in the short term but also how much they are worth to you in the long term – how many times does the average visitor buy once from you?
And how many times do they progress to the next stage in the funnel and buy a more expensive item from you? You need to calculate this, such that you have an average for the overall spend of each customer. This is how much you can afford to spend.
Better yet though, you're now going to watch those visitors that you're paying for and see how likely they are to buy from you once, twice or more. That's because the CLV will be more or less for each customer dependent on how they got to your site. Goal tracking will allow you to do this and that way, you will then know how much you can afford to invest in each of your visitors.
This entry was posted in Digital Marketing and tagged advertising, Digital Marketing, lead generation, leads, marketing, pay per click, ppc, sales funnel. Bookmark the permalink.


ISS Fusion Bracket for use with 9"-10" or 12"-14" Deep Shelves. It has a wide base tapered up to a narrow tip with a "T" on top. Fusion Brackets may be inserted at any point along ISS Poles or Quad Poles by using a twist and lock motion. The top 1" wide edge provides enough space for two shelves to share a bracket. Four screw holes are provided to secure the shelf to the bracket. The most popular finish is the clear satin anodized or you may choose to change the look by ordering them in black, white or Bronze. Not recommended for use with wall standards.


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Rep. Santana Victorious in Protecting Amateur Mixed Martial Arts Fighters
State Representative Harvey Santana (D-Detroit) expressed his gratitude today for the broad bipartisan support in the passage of his legislation, House Bills 4166 and 4167. The bills bring much-needed state regulation to the "Wild West" environment of amateur mixed martial arts and ends an era where young athletes are exploited by unscrupulous promoters and often left with injuries, hospital bills and a life of pain. The bills both passed 106-3.
"This is a day that has long been coming, and while I am relieved these bills passed, it only comes after the tragic passing of an amateur fighter, Felix Elochukwu Nchikwo, in Port Huron just four days ago," Santana said after the vote. "I can only hope and pray that this legislation will prevent another promising athlete from being seriously or fatally injured in the cage."
The following provisions must be adhered to under these bills:
Participants must be 18 or older
A medical doctor must be ringside
An ambulance must be on site at all events
The State Unarmed Combat Commission is empowered to make disciplinary sanctions against licensees or other individuals who violate the rules that are promulgated by the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs
Ethical and legal standards will be established for promoters
A state license is needed for promoters with appropriate fees paid to the state
Nine weight classes will be established to protect fighters against mismatches
Medical health standards and blood testing are mandated
Rules mandating care for knockouts and medical clearance to fight again will be enacted
A promoter must provide $10,000 in medical insurance for each fighter
Misdemeanor and felony legal penalties will be established
Results of fights must be reported to the state and kept in a data base to enforce fighter requirements
All fighters must register basic information with the state in order to participate in a fight
The professional martial arts sport has long been regulated in Michigan. However, the amateur events, which are far more numerous and involve many more athletes, have never had any sort of regulation. Young athletes depend on the good will of promoters who often are more concerned with financial profit than any other factor.
"These fights are becoming more prevalent across the state, and each time, without these added regulations, we were rolling the dice," Santana stated. "I'm thankful for such broad support on this important piece of legislation. I am confident the Senate will get these bills to the governor's desk quickly to prevent any more suffering."


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Children's Day Nursery Friern Barnet, London
New Build Children's Nursery
The scheme provides large interlinking classrooms with excellent natural light and a playground area on a relatively small site.
The site was previously an unused Petrol Station and as such required considerable care over possible contamination.
The Nursery has been designed to complement the existing buildings by incorporating some of the important features. These include the roof design which consists of hipped pitched roofs. Another feature included in the design is the projecting bay with a pitched roof which contains the stair. This feature is used to bind the building, marking the entrance. The overall form of the building consists of clear elements which are easily distinguishable. This approach reinforces the character of the building as having proportions similar to the neighbouring houses. The form of the building also allows the corner to present windows on both the Friern Barnet Road elevation and Hartland elevation without being out of scale.
The materials echo the use of brick and render used on the neighbouring properties albeit by use of more modern cladding. The window openings are generally of a domestic size and appearance, with the larger windows to the principle classrooms.
Scheme Design and Planning
Detailed Construction Drawings and Specification
Works Schedule
Tender and Contract
Lead Design Team and Contract Administration
Mechanical and Electrical Engineers
BREEAM Consultants
Project Type : Private Education
New build Nursery over four floors including basement to accommodate 89 children and 30 staff.
Contract Value : £1,500,000
SCROLL DOWN TO VIEW FULL GALLERY
32 Design Architects © Copyright 2020 | All Rights Reserved Irontage (UK) Limited trading as 32 Design Architects registered number 3150630 | Registered address: 12, Sheaveshill Parade, Sheaveshill Avenue, London, NW9 6RS
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Home » Maui from Moana: Tales of the Demi-God ~ Legend Stories for Kids
Maui from Moana: Tales of the Demi-God ~ Legend Stories for Kids
https://www.disneyclips.com/imagesnewb5/moana.html Maui from Moana
These are short Legend Tales of the Demi-God Maui from Moana. It is part of our Classic Bedtime Stories for Kids Collection. It has been adapted from the Tales of Maui from Moana, the movie. This version is brought to you by Stories to Grow by.
Listen to the story while you read along!
Maui Pulls Up the Islands
One day Maui said to his four brothers, "Come fishing with me today! Let's go far out to sea. The fish are much bigger and better there, than they are close to land."
"Okay!" said his brothers. They were good fishermen and wanted those big fish. The four brothers and Maui jumped into their canoe and started to row. When they got far out to sea and could no longer see land, Maui jumped onto the end of the canoe. He drew out his magical fishing hook. When his brothers were looking ahead, he cast the hook over the side of the canoe. The hook sunk down deep into the blue water.
Thanks to Nabilla, 12, Indonesia
Soon, the magical hook stuck fast to the bottom of the sea. Maui pulled the fishing line tight. He called out, "See that tug? I must have hooked a giant fish!"
"Wow, I see that!" said one brother.
"That is some fish you caught!" said another.
"My brothers!" Maui called out. "Paddle hard so we can bring up this great fish!"
The brothers paddled with all their might. They paddled so hard they did not see that the hook was pulling up the land from the bottom of the sea. Behind them, one island after another rose from the sea!
Legend says that is how Maui made the islands, where the people now live.
Thanks to Mohammed, 11, Abudhabi
Maui Catches the Sun
One day, Maui wanted to see how life was for the people who lived on the islands. But what he saw there made his heart skip a beat. Life was very hard for them. And he could see why - the days were just too short! There was not time in a day for people to do what they needed to do, like making and cooking food. If they laid out a wet blanket on the sand, the blanket would still be wet the next day. There was not even time for the fruit in the trees to get ripe.
"It is that Sun!" said Maui. "He is racing too fast across the sky! He is not thinking about the people who live down below, on the islands."
Thanks to Lisa, 6, GA USA
Maui knew it was up to him, a demi-god, to slow down the Sun. But how? He asked his brothers. He asked his sister Hina. He asked still others that he knew.
"Who do you think you are, Maui?" said one. "No one can catch the Sun!"
"Even if you are a demi-god," said another, "you know very well the Sun is too big and bright for anyone to stop."
But Maui's sister Hina did not say these sorts of things. She cut off her long hair. She tied the hair into ropes and gave the ropes to Maui. From those ropes, Maui made a giant lasso.
That night, Maui took his lasso up to the very tallest mountain on the islands of Hawaii. The mountain had once been an active volcano. Years ago it had sent out waves of hot lava. When the volcano was over, a big crater was left at the top of the mountain. And that crater is where Maui planned to catch the Sun.
By the crater Maui waited, very still. He hid the lasso behind him, out of view. When the Sun rose at dawn, it started to race across the sky very fast. Soon that Sun was flying over the mountaintop. Brave Maui flung the lasso over his head. The ropes caught! The Sun tried and tried to move, but was trapped!
Thanks to Sava, 10, Serbia
"Get me out of here!" shouted the Sun.
"Not yet!" said Maui. "You are moving too fast across the sky. It makes the days too short for the humans who live down below."
"So I like to go fast!" said the Sun. "Who cares? Let me out of here!"
"No!" said Maui in a big voice. "I care! You have to stay here, in this crater!" He pulled the lasso tight. But in his heart, Maui did not feel brave. He did not know how much longer he could hold on. True, his lasso was stronger than any other rope in all the land. But he did not know how long even a lasso made from his sister's hair could last before the hot rays of the Sun would burn it up.
Thanks to Aron, 8, India
The Sun tried to move again, but could not. "Oh, very well!" the Sun said, at last. You can be sure Maui was very glad to hear that! "I suppose I could slow down a little," said the Sun. "But only for part of the year."
So Maui and the Sun worked out a deal. For half the year, the Sun would move at a slow pace. Those days would be long, and that would be the summer. For the other half of the year, the sun could run as fast as it wanted to do. Those days would be short, and that would be the winter.
This is how Maui made the days longer for the people of the islands. At last, they could do the tasks they needed. They could have a full dinner and rest after. And the fruits on the trees grew big and sweet.
Think and Share Questions: See Other Kids Comments below!
Question 1: Maui pulls up the islands but tells his brothers he is pulling up a great big fish. Tell about a time when you did something great but you did not want others to know.
Question 2: Maui overcame the sun by being strong and brave even though he doubted himself. Tell about a time when you didn't believe in yourself but you tried anyway.
It tells us to keeep trying
I think the story is trying to show us how to be loving brave and courageous.
kylee
the story tells us to always keep trying
kylan
I think the story is trying to say always help others no matter how hard the task is
Shariya M.
This story is showing the reader that when you think about others and how they feel about a situation, you can be brave and do a positive thing by helping out. For example, Maui lassoed the sun to make the days of the lands longer so people on the islands could eat then rest after they had their dinner and played for a little while. Maui also pulled up islands from the sea so people could have life and live on the seas. All in all, this is what the story is trying to show to you.
Once I made an all-star baseball team, but I didn't want to tell others because some didn't make the team.
I was on a hockey team and played another team that was a lot better than my team, but I still played hard and tried to do my best.
I gave a girl something she dropped, but i did not want any praise for it. I just wanted to be nice.
Sometimes in school math class i dont feel like i can do it, but i think real hard and i can.
Hailey d.
It was a great book and I will be reading it over and over and over again because it is a great book
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