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Tag: depressing valentine's day facts
Interesting facts about valentine day
A run of the mill picture of Valentine's Day is Cupid ("need"), the Roman perfect power of veneration. The offspring of Venus and Mars, he was at first outlined as a youthful individual who may sharpen his jolts on a grindstone whetted with blood from an infant youngster, anyway now he is typically presented as a rotund newborn child. This change occurred in the midst of the Victorian time when business people expected to propel Valentine's Day as more sensible for women and children.
Over 100 years earlier, the Chicago present office denied on pass on around 25,000 Valentine postcards in light of the way that their messages were not too bad. The acidic cards were grouped "vinegar Valentines."
Red hearts are an inescapable Valentine picture. Red is for the most part associated with the shade of blood. At one time, people envisioned that the heart, which siphons blood, was the bit of the body that felt love. Honestly, when the Egyptians preserved their dead for burial, they Valentines day ousted every organ anyway the heart since they believed the heart was the principle bit of the body critical for the trek through eternity.
The fundamental recorded relationship of Valentine's Day with wistful love occurs in Chaucer's "Parlement of Foules." Chaucer forms (in current translation): "For this was on Heavenly individual Valentine's day/When each feathered animal comes there to pick his mate." In any case, Chaucer may have been suggesting Valentine of Genoa, whose blessed individual's day was May 2, a more plausible time for winged creatures to mate than February 14.
"The High Court of Worship" was developed in Paris, France, in 1400 and is the fundamental known expert party of Sacred individual Valentine's Day. Made out of 30 women, it oversaw love contracts, mercilessness against women, and betrayals.
"Valentine Columnists" were booklets written in 1823 by Die down Quizumall to help the people who couldn't come up with Valentine stanzas on their own.


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TC20: 1) Is Tyrod Taylor ready to take next step for Bills?
By: Joe Buscaglia
At the end of the month the Buffalo Bills will reconvene for training camp, in what will be a crucial time for a team that has playoff aspirations in 2016. There are a plethora of questions facing the team as we get closer to the start of camp at St. John Fisher College.
Over the next three weeks leading up to camp, 7 ABC will examine the 20 most pressing questions the Bills have for the upcoming season.
And to start it all off, we'll take a look at the most important position in the game: Quarterback.
1) Is Tyrod Taylor ready to take the next step?
Tyrod Taylor burst onto the scene in 2015 after he decided to sign with the Buffalo Bills as an unrestricted free agent -- with the hopes that he would finally win a starting job in the National Football League. By the end of the summer it was clear, Taylor was the best player the team had at the position, and the Bills named him the starting quarterback ahead of the start of the regular season.
Early on, Taylor had his moments through the first five games of the season. He played a competent, low-risk style of play while throwing the ball, and even showed off his ability to keep plays alive with his legs. He was as good as the Bills could have asked for in Week Three against Miami, and then he single-handedly took over against Tennessee in Week Five, leading them to a much-needed victory.
However, over the next few weeks a few issues popped up. First, his style of play paved the way to an injury to his knee, and he had to miss the next two games (both losses). More importantly, the top wide receiver Sammy Watkins wasn't nearly involved enough, and it led to some frustration from the pass catcher.
When Taylor came back from the injury, though, he rectified the Watkins problem and helped the wideout to the best stretch of statistical performances of his career to this point. However, as good as Taylor was at times during his 8-6 record as the Bills starter, there were still some deficiencies.
First, the obvious: Taylor, a mobile quarterback that doesn't have as strong of a build as some of his colleagues at the position, suffered an injury -- while running -- that potentially could have cost the Bills a chance to end the playoff drought. As no Bills fan can quite forget, they went 0-2 in EJ Manuel's two-game stretch as the Bills starting quarterback.
Second, after some self-scouting by the team and analysis from the offseason, it became evident to them that while Taylor showed much promise and progress in some areas, the passing attack widely neglected throwing it over the middle of the field -- and defenses started to notice. It resulted in the Bills not utilizing Charles Clay and Robert Woods as much as perhaps they probably could have.
Taylor has a lot to work with, and showed well -- specifically on play action and on deep passes outside the numbers. Now, it's up to him and the Bills to develop further as a team to help finally put an end to the non-playoff streak.
But the big question is this: can he do so?
Through the spring workouts, we were able to witness six practices and Taylor looked a bit different than he did this time last year. He was seeing the whole field, taking advantage of the middle to a notable degree, and he was even throwing the ball into tight windows.
Granted, to play devil's advocate, they were only spring workouts and there was no looming threat of either getting hit or what a turnover might mean for the flow of a game. Even with that in mind, Taylor's spring was impressive.
It seems he has everything in order to make the strides that the Bills want him to, but now, it's simply a matter of implementation, and most importantly, staying healthy for an entire season.
If he can, he could potentially be putting the Bills in a position that they haven't been in since the Music City Miracle. Yep, you guessed it... the crazy p-word that has evaded the Bills for a decade-and-a-half.
The most popular question I get from fans on Twitter and around town is pretty simple, 'Do the Bills actually have a quarterback?'
There is no easy answer at this point in time. All there is, is potential. And even the thought of that has to pretty fascinating for a fan base that has endured the longest-running postseason drought in the NFL.
Twitter: @JoeBuscaglia
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Get SequenceNumber by UniqueID in Aspose.Mail Pop3 I use Aspose.Mail in my project and I have a collection of UniqueIDs and I want to retrieve Pop3MessageInfo. All method that do this work by SequenceNumber. Is there any method to get SequenceNumber by UniqueID?

A: There is no such feature available at the moment and provision of the same depends whether the POP3 protocol supports this or not. Please follow the discussion on your forum thread on Aspose.Email forum to get updated about it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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#ROUNDTABLE
Posted By: boat
Ive been reading here for a while, looking at the forums and analyzing what a unique, decentralized thing is going on here.I'm impressed at the diversity of interests and general spirit I see when I come here, makes me feel like I'm in the company of fellow wakers. I have always been interested in the 'hive mind' that I believe we used to posses as a species, although some folks, like the Australian first peoples or aboriginals as you may know them live in "dreamtime" still. A few Europeans made it there through science, notably Jung with his collective unconscious and archetype memes, but I digress.
With all the constructs the PTW have tossed our way lately, the level of discernment necessary for a simple soul to feel like their world makes any kind of sense to them is akin to playing three dimensional chess on a very grand chessboard indeed. Wouldn't it be cool if there were a way to call on other discerners to compare notes on bizarre developments as they occur? What if we could just type in #ROUNDTABLE as a heading and invite some of the careful critical thinkers out there to sound off on their take on this or that theory befuddling one or more of us. Whether the consensus (if there is one) would be for or against at least it may serve as a kind of closure for the theorist.
OK, I'll start the game......
What if I said there was a revolutionary microprocessor that was developed recently- oh, say in Texas, maybe- that was not only orders of magnitude smaller, but faster too than anything used today -openly at least- and a bunch of foreign national engineers who helped develop it promptly hopped a flight back to the motherland to spread the news as quickly as possible while a room full of spooks decided this would look bad in their memoirs and decided to divert the engineers' plane to say a secret base somewhere in the Pacific despite the fact that it would be on visual, infrared, over the horizon and electronic satellite and submarine imagery of several nations -including our engineers homeland too- took all souls on board after interrogating some (Im so very sorry, families) whereupon a photographically identical plane with a few #'s changed tumbles from the sky over rural Donetsk, Ukraine some 4 months later complete with decaying corpses -some reportedly bloodless, cold and bearing signs of torture, peace be upon their souls- pristine felonious passports and a picture of Vlad Putin taped to the nose (actually made that part of the story up)...
would you call me crazy?? I can only wish I were...
OK Folks.....#ROUNDTABLE!!!
http://topinfopost.com/2014/07/26/mh-17-was-in-fact-flight-mh-370-lost-flight
boat -- Friday, 30-January-2015 01:21:02
Welcome Boat!!! :-) *NM*
Susoni -- Friday, 30-January-2015 11:47:25


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Q: What's the difference between these two spaces? In the finite element method, $Q1$ element is defined by $\textrm{span} \{1, x, y, xy\}$.
And $\textit{rotated } Q1$ element is defined by $\textrm{span}\{1, x, y, x^2-y^2\}$.
Please tell me what is the difference between these two spaces?
It's of course wrong but I think these two spaces are the same since $x^2-y^2=(x+y)(x-y)$.
PS: anyone familiar with the FEM please let me know which space is preferable in which cases?

A: Your equation $x^2-y^2=(x+y)(x-y)$ in fact shows not that these are equivalent but why the element is called "rotated". The coordinates $x+y$ and $x-y$ are coordinates rotated by $\pi/4$ with respect to $x$ and $y$. A basis $\{1,x,y,x^2-y^2\}$ is equivalent to a basis $\{1,x+y,x-y,(x-y)(x+y)\}$ (since the first, constant basis element $1$ is the same in both, the last, quadratic one is also the same (as you showed), and the two linear ones can be linearly transformed into each other). Thus, this "rotated" basis can represent the functions that the basis $\{1,x,y,xy\}$ could represent when rotated by $\pi/4$.
The two elements are not equivalent, as you claim, since there are three linearly independent quadratic functions (one possible basis being $\{x^2,xy,y^2\}$), and you cannot obtain $x^2-y^2$ from $xy$ by linear combination. What you exhibit is not a linear combination; functions are not multiplied with each other in a finite element; only linear combinations with (variable but spatially) constant coefficients are formed.
As to your question which one is preferable in which case, that will depend a lot on your application and is probably best answered by someone in your field. Very generally speaking, $\{1,x,y,xy\}$ represents functions that are linear in all axis-parallel directions, and can be quadratic in other directions. So if you have some preferred directions and expect your functions to be approximately linear along those directions, you may want to align the axes of your elements with these directions, or, if for some reason that's not possible, "rotate" the element's functions instead.


In most families, tradition plays an important role, but at the childhood home of Martin Konorza, the focus on heritage had far-reaching consequences that few would have predicted.
Mr Konorza's first ancestor on record was a Frenchman who was given a mention in the Doomsday Book in England in 1086. With such an illustrious past, he made an early decision to do justice to this special legacy. It is an ambition that lead to the creation of one of the world's most exclusive champagnes, and one that bears the family name with great pride.
We sat down with Mr Konorza, Owner & President of Champagne De Watère, to find out more about the inspiration behind the company, and how it has evolved down the years.
"Well it started in 2011 when I founded the company officially, but it started a little bit earlier, let's say at my birth, so 24 years before that," he joked. "So champagne has always played an important role.
And he has certainly achieved that. Today Champagne De Watère is the tipple of choice for luxury connoisseurs the world over – and is popular among the superyacht fraternity in particular. So next time you sample an inimitable glass of De Watère, remember to raise it to the long-distant Frenchman who made it possible.


The Army of Freshmen once again rocked Provo like there's no tomorrow. They unveiled a couple of their new songs and the crowd was into it. Muse Music was nearly packed and there was a great energy about the whole night. It was good hanging with the AOF guys again, and we enjoyed meeting Split Habit as well. It was an awesome night overall, and we all can't wait till the Freshmen decide to stop in Utah again!


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What Materials Do I Need for a 25-Square Roof?
How to Calculate Area for Shingles
How to Repair a Leaking Shed Roof
Architectural Shingles Vs. Regular Shingles
Estimating Plywood for Roof Decking
How to Estimate How Many Pounds of Roofing Nails Are Needed
By April Ort Updated September 26, 2017
Working on the roof can be a dangerous job, and reducing the trips up and down is one way to lessen the risk of injury. You can estimate the amount of roofing nails needed for a job by implementing some elementary math into to your supply planning. If you know the size of the roof you will be working on, you can easily come up with a general idea of how many pounds of roofing nails are needed.
Estimate the amount of roofing nails
Measure each area of the roof, in feet, to determine how many shingles will be needed.
Multiply the length of each area by the width to determine the square footage.
Add the amount of square footage for each area together. This will give you the entire square footage of the roof and will allow you to estimate the number of shingles, and thus nails, needed.
Divide the entire square footage by 100 to reach the estimated amount of shingles needed.
Multiply the estimated amount of shingles by 2 to 2 1/2. The resulting figure is an estimate of the pounds of nails needed.
Olympian Cares: How to Shingle a Roof
Dixie Line: Apply and Repair Shingles
April Ort began writing in 2007. he has more than 15 years experience in the financial industry, has held a travel agent license and has interviewed a variety of celebrities. Ort is currently working in the health-care industry as an operational trainer and completing her Bachelor of Science in communications with a focus on journalism.
tiled roof image by Dmitry Goygel-Sokol from Fotolia.com
How to Measure a House for Siding
How to Remove Moss & Lichen From a Roof
How to Vent a House Roof
How to Install Asphalt Shingles
How to Reroof a House


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Top 10 Sci-Fi and Horror Remakes
Not all remakes are bad…
By Owen Evans	 23-08-11 21,445
With Hollywood seemingly cramming remake after remake down our throats, we could be mistaken into thinking that this is a new phenomenon. But in reality they have been at it for years! Some of our most favourite films are remakes, and deservedly remain a classic in its own right. But what are the top ten sci-fi and horror remakes, plus the original films that are worth a look. (We draw the line at the upcoming remakes of Total Recall and Blade Runner).
Dawn of the Dead 1978 vs Dawn of the Dead 2004
Being given the task of reimagining the Zombie Godfather, George Romero classic, Dawn of the Dead must have been a daunting task for Zack Synder (300) , but by pumping the gore up to 11 he managed to lovingly create a clever undead Armageddon for our times. Sadly, though, in Synder's version there is no zombie Hare Krisha in the mall.
Cat People 1942 vs Cat People 1982
This early film was way ahead of its time with a Kafkaesque tale of desire and metamorphosis into panthers. A heated 80's version was directed by Paul Schrader, with an amazing soundtrack by Giorgio Moroder and David Bowie (worth a look for this alone) and with lots of ahem, rude scenes, with Natasha Kinski turning into a panther.
Tags: Horror, sci-fi, top 10 remakes


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James W. Kim
Peter M. (Mac) Routh
Government Contracts, Maritime & Military Law
Health Law & Managed Care
Major Changes in Procurement of Medical and Surgical Items for Department of Veterans Affairs
On December 18, 2020, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) expanded the VA's adoption of the Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support (DMLSS) inventory management system. Over the course of a multi-year rollout, the VA and DoD will adopt a single logistics and supply management system for medical and surgical items and services using the DMLSS platform, leaving open questions about the future of the VA Federal Supply Schedule (FSS) program.
Background: On December 18, 2020, the DLA signed an agreement expanding upon the Interagency Agreement signed on August 12, 2019, creating a strategic partnership allowing the VA to pilot adoption of the DMLSS inventory management system. DMLSS serves as the primary system for DLA's Medical Surgical Prime Vendor (MSPV) program. VA has implemented this program in lieu of the VA's MSPV 2.0, for which, according to a recently issued GAO report, the VA delayed implementation from April 2020 to early 2021.
History: The August 2019 agreement was intended to allow the VA better quality of care and access to medical and surgical items by leveraging the DoD supply chain and creating a centralized ordering system, rather than using the separate VA and DoD systems that currently exist. As part of the pilot program, the agreement allowed VA's Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center (FHCC) in North Chicago, Illinois, and VA Northwest Health Network (Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 20) to order medical supplies via the DMLSS ordering system and DLA's Prime Vendor Program. According to the GAO report, FHCC initially started the DLA pilot using the electronic catalog (ECAT) system, then transitioned to DMLSS in August 2020. The pilot's second phase, originally planned to start in October 2019 at two VISN 20 medical centers, Spokane and Puget Sound, was delayed until July and August 2020, respectively, using ECAT. These centers are scheduled to move to DMLSS in fiscal year 2021.
Summary of Changes: The agreement signed on December 18, 2020, expands the program, allowing all VISNs to use the DLA program, and the VA plans on conducting a multi-year rollout of this program. It is still unclear how implementation of this program will be coordinated with the VA FSS and existing VA agreements.
Key Considerations for VA Contractors: The transition to the DMLSS ordering system is a replacement of existing VA supply chain management systems, joining the procurement power of the DoD for medical supplies. This aligns with the additional coordination between VA and DoD related to electronic health records as well as financial management systems, but it remains to be seen what these changes will mean for the existing VA FSS program related to medical and surgical products and services. We will continue to monitor and report on any developments.
© 2023 McDermott Will & EmeryNational Law Review, Volume XI, Number 5
James W. Kim represents clients in a wide variety of matters related to government contracting, with a particular focus on cases involving the healthcare industry.
James has successfully litigated bid protest actions before the Government Accountability Office as well as the US Court of Federal Claims. He also has experience representing government contractors in civil and criminal government fraud investigations involving the False Claims Act, the Procurement Integrity Act and the Anti-Kickback Act. In addition,...
www.mwe.com
Mac Routh* focuses his practice on litigation matters, congressional investigations, government contracts and public policy.
During law school, Mac served as a law clerk for the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation and was a staff editor of the Journal of National Security Law & Policy. He was also a member of Georgetown Law's Federal Legislation Clinic. Before attending law school, Mac worked in government affairs for a transportation union and served as a legislative assistant to former Congressman Michael H. Michaud. *Not admitted to practice in the...


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SPORTS / MEN'S BASKETBALL
Big Ten announces documentary focusing on MSU, U-M rivalry
Kara Keating
MSU defenders Andrew Dowell (5) and David Dowell (6) tackle Michigan tight end Sean McKeon (84) during the game at Spartan Stadium Oct. 20. The Wolverines defeated the Spartans, 21-7.
Photo by Matt Schmucker | The State News
CHICAGO — During the Big Ten Media Day Conference, BTN President Francois McGillicuddy announced that the network will broadcast a documentary focusing on the MSU and U-M rivalry.
The film called "Divided We Stand" will focus on both the football and men's basketball programs while the rivalry continues to increase on the national level.
There has been no confirmed air date on the new program, but it will be streamed on both BTN and Fox Sports 1.
The Spartans and Wolverines will play on Nov. 16 in Ann Arbor with game time still to be determined.
Dueling column: Football rivalry extends to student newspapers
Jonathan LeBlanc
Column: Being a Michigan fan at MSU goes beyond the gridiron
FINAL: Winston, Bridges push MSU past U-M to snap losing streak
Connor Clark
Share and discuss "Big Ten announces documentary focusing on MSU, U-M rivalry" on social media.


This Promise You Can Keep!
These are all good things. But Jesus didn't come to give us a to-do list. Jesus came so we could experience a full and meaningful life. The Bible which is God's Word is packed full of promises. These promises were written for us to read and experience life to it's fullest.
If God's not moving in your life maybe it's time to Stand On The Promises of God!


Echo Fest is being held on the open grassy area at the Northern corner of Old Sacramento near the Historic Railroad Museum. It is known as The 1849 Scene or the Historic State Park. Gates open at 1:pm and the show runs from 2:pm to 10:30pm. See below for additional Festival Information. Thx!


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Q: Как добавить элемент в определенную ячейку Grid'а? WPF Допустим я динамически создаю сетку. Как мне программно добавить в определенную ячейку кнопку?

A: Примерно так:
Button btn = new Button { Content = "MyButton" };
myGrid.Children.Add(btn);
Grid.SetColumn(btn, 10);
Grid.SetRow(btn, 10);


A poor teenage girl, a virgin, found herself pregnant. When she first felt life in her womb, did she know that she'd give birth in a stable, that her child's life would be in danger, or that they'd have to flee to Egypt? When she held Him to her breast, did she know that her infant son was the long awaited Messiah and what that would mean? As she taught Him to walk, wiped his nose, and bandaged his cuts, did she know that, rather than residing on an earthly throne, He'd sit at the right hand of God? As she proudly heard Him recite the Torah, did she know that He'd turn water into wine or raise the dead? When He triumphantly entered Jerusalem, did she know that soon she'd stand and watch as He suffered a criminal's death upon a cross? As she sobbed in John's arms, did she know her baby boy would rise again in three days? Could she have known that 2,000 years later nearly a third of the world's population (2.3 billion people) would be His followers? Mary, did you have any idea of what the future would bring?


Her awakening in paradise… Instead of the heartless seductress Cade Peredur expected, Taryn's blue eyes reveal an innocent sweetness clouded by private mystery. Determined to gain her trust and find out the real story, Cade sweeps her away to the dreamy tropical island of Fala'isi, and finds himself unprepared for the raw, passionate power of their steamy nights!A disastrous engagement has left Taryn wary of men, but Cade stirs feelings she's never known before. However, when Cade's identity is revealed, will Taryn's paradise fantasy be washed away with the Pacific tides…?


"Bombairiya" is a complexly designed film with a plethora of characters and sub plots strewn all over, which makes, holding to the thread of the plot, a bit of challenging. Nevertheless, juggling the tale in the chaos seems to be the hallmark of debutante Director, Pia Sukanya.
"Bombairiya" is an attempt to encapsulate the spirit of the chaotic and fast-paced city of Mumbai. The plot set against the city, represents a day in the lives of its dwellers and how, unknowingly, their lives are inextricably co-mingled.
Adil Hussain a politician Pandya, in jail is trying to remote control an underground encounter specialist police officer Da'mello (Amit Sial) and making him unearth a star witness, who could jeopardise his chance of ever being let out of prison.
The second half definitely answers some of those questions, albeit in a complex manner. Peppered with Kabir's dohas, the fragile attempt at driving home the point that people, even strangers meet with a purpose, fails to make an impact.
On the performance front, the film belongs to Radhika Apte, who single-handedly carries the film on her shoulders and delivers Meghna, with conviction. The weak script and convoluted plot don't help her though.
Overall, the frenetic pace of the film notwithstanding, "Bombairiya" is a mirror of the society in Mumbai and being city-specific may fail to be relevant across India, but nevertheless it works as a screwball comedy.


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← 11 los angeles rams NFL $3B 12 san
Like almost high consistent shooting aside from johnson installing →
The major league baseball players assn
NYSJ: JS: We have two responses.
Among its activations, Heineken will be the presenting sponsor of MLS Rivalry Week; will have multi-media marketing, including strong visibility during nationally broadcast matches; on-site, digital and POP materials.
Analysis Deni Avdija looks the part for what the NBA looks for in a combo forward these days and there's plenty of video available of him in various contexts to be certain that he knows how to play.
The guys get their revenge on Henry in Heisman House Garage when they explain that rookies to the House must wash the dozens of Nissans available for their use.
The new partnership will give the University the ability to use data insights and analytics to engage fans with timely information and relevant product offers and will enhance the overall licensed Custom Baseball Jerseys Cyber Monday category to deliver a sustainable revenue stream and support the University's mission, according to Fanatics.
Custom Baseball Jerseys Black Friday Federer $106 million $6 million salary winnings $100 million endorsements Tennis 2.
They bring in the crowds and fill the stadiums, they inspire the next generation to pick up a racquet.
Christopher Gibson was recalled from Bridgeport.
Verizon is in the process of acquiring Yahoo as part of a $4 billion deal.
Walker died at the age of 40 in a car crash on Nov.
They are putting squash courts in most or many of the new clubs that they build.
Support includes Internet, social media and activation at PGA Tour tournaments and related events.
Among other Celebrate America initiatives during the 2017 season, PBR will recognize, honor, and support veterans and active duty military members by donating 13 tickets to Vet Tix, allowing them to enjoy the sport at no cost.
This can present challenges sometimes, but working with different chefs at hotels around the country has provided a unique learning and teaching experience for myself while ensuring our players are getting everything they need.
We just want to talk about football.
In December, the campaign will see the entire Galaxy 11 team begin training for their epic showdown.
At Wimbledon 2018, total prize money was more than $43 million with Djokovic and Angelique Kerber winner each earning more than $2 million for winning the men's and women's singles titles, respectively.


Boring roads of Indiana at night. Fun fun fun.
"Boring roads of Indiana at night. Fun fun fun." by Jeremy Felt, unless otherwise expressly stated, is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License.
Next: Ale 8 is decent. And has caffeine.


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Experts: Americans getting a huge civics lesson regarding Trump, states, coronavirus
President Donald J. Trump listens as a White House video plays the media's response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) during an update briefing Monday, April 13, 2020, in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House. (Official White House Photo by D. Myles Cullen)
(USA Features) While our federalist system is held out as an anachronism by many, especially in academia, the fact is it is working as our founders designed during the current coronavirus pandemic, experts note.
The issue has come front and center after a dispute appears to have arisen between President Donald Trump and the various state governors over who can reopen the country and get businesses reopened while putting Americans back to work.
As reports surfaced over the weekend that various state governors were considering reopening their economies in the coming days, Trump startled even many of his supporters when he took to Twitter to insist that only he has the authority to do that.
The fact is, under the U.S. system, governors have far more authority when it comes to dealing with such emergencies than a president, say constitutional experts.
"In our federal system, the federal government exists to support the actions of state and local governments," Thomas A. Birkland, an associate dean at North Carolina State University, told the Washington Times. "The federal government doesn't run the fire department. The local governments run the fire department."
Right now, it is state and local leaders who are making the decisions about how best to respond to a virus that is indeed spreading across the country.
But the federal government's role is to assist states in those responses and support them in their efforts. Congress, for instance, has taken up the role of banker, the Times notes, while the president can merely use his bully pulpit to make suggestions and give advice, which he has done.
The one exception thus far has been the president's decision, as commander-in-chief, to order U.S. military assets to assist states. But other than that, he doesn't have the constitutional power to order states to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in any meaningful way, the experts maintain.
"If he did try to do that, it would be complicated," Ilya Somin, a law professor at George Mason University, told the paper.
That said, Democrats mostly have been calling on the president to issue a national shutdown order, though he has refused to do so specifically because of our federalist system.
"We have a thing called the Constitution," the president reminded reporters on Saturday as he defended governors who haven't issued shutdown orders. "I want the governors to be running things."
Tags: coronavirusfederalismgovernorsorderspoliticsPresident Trumpresponseshutdownstates
Barr: Constitutional rights don't go away 'during an emergency'
(USA Features) U.S. Attorney General William Barr said Tuesday during
Biden has good fundraising month but still lags far behind Trump
(USA Features) Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden's campaign hauled


hard to find album strictly limitedto 20 numbered copies only.
Cover and vinyl both in Mint conditions.
Dire Straits caught in Tokyo on 4th April 1983 at the Nippon Seinenkan, with special guest Paul Williamson of Men At Work (famous Australian rock band) on sax.
You can play Portobello Belle and Two Young Lovers on the player above !!!
Please not that actual postage to UK is GBP. 12 so if you are in UK please wait for my invoice before sending payment. If you are in UK but you don't agree with this terms please pass.


Take charge of your neighborhood security, become a crime buster!
• Our Round Neighborhood Crime Watch Sign stands out amidst the clutter of all other signs.
• Bold graphics and message promote participation.


08/08/2011 [-] VIDEO How long should we study maths for?
08/07/2011 [-] Cancer study Who is eligible?
08/05/2011 [-] Now Dhoni's brains on demand; IIM-R wants them to study!
08/02/2011 [-] Human Focus 'Vacational' study?
07/30/2011 [-] Study What Does Your Browser Choice Say About Your IQ?


I really like Barefoot Venus Hunny Mango body cream. Not only is it very moisturizing , it also has the nicest scent ! I was very impressed when I received this product in only two days ! Good work , ladies !
One of my top favorite scents from Barefoot Venus! Love using both the body wash and cream, which give me the most comfortable and soft sensations!
This stuff is a dream, goes on great and smells amazing!
Leaves my skin soft for days! So in love with the lotions.
Smell so good!!! I love!!!
I love the scent and texture! Very moisturizing just like all the products!
Mango lotion LOVE IT! Mango smells amazing and feels great on the skin.
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Category Archives: MYANMAR
ASIA, MYANMAR, WORLD
99-Million-Year-Old Fossil Flower Found Encased in Burmese Amber
December 29, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
Oregon State University researchers have identified a spectacular new genus and species of flower from the mid-Cretaceous period, a male specimen whose sunburst-like reach for the heavens was frozen in time by Burmese amber.
"This isn't quite a Christmas flower but it is a beauty, especially considering it was part of a forest that existed 100 million years ago," said George Poinar Jr., professor emeritus in the OSU College of Science.
Findings were published in the Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas.
Valviloculus pleristaminis, flower in lateral view.
"The male flower is tiny, about 2 millimetres across, but it has some 50 stamens arranged like a spiral, with anthers pointing toward the sky," said Poinar, an international expert in using plant and animal life forms preserved in amber to learn more about the biology and ecology of the distant past.
A stamen consists of an anther — the pollen-producing head — and a filament, the stalk that connects the anther to the flower.
"Despite being so small, the detail still remaining is amazing," Poinar said. "Our specimen was probably part of a cluster on the plant that contained many similar flowers, some possibly female."
Valviloculus pleristaminis, center of flower in apical view.
The new discovery has an egg-shaped, hollow floral cup — the part of the flower from which the stamens emanate; an outer layer consisting of six petal-like components known as tepals; and two-chamber anthers, with pollen sacs that split open via laterally hinged valves.
Poinar and collaborators at OSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture named the new flower Valviloculus pleristaminis. Valva is the Latin term for the leaf on a folding door, loculus means compartment, plerus refers to many, and staminis reflects the flower's dozens of male sex organs.
The flower became encased in amber on the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana and rafted on a continental plate some 4,000 miles across the ocean from Australia to Southeast Asia, Poinar said.
Geologists have been debating just when this chunk of land — known as the West Burma Block — broke away from Gondwana. Some believe it was 200 million years ago; others claim it was more like 500 million years ago.
Numerous angiosperm flowers have been discovered in Burmese amber, the majority of which have been described by Poinar and a colleague at Oregon State, Kenton Chambers, who also collaborated on this research.
Angiosperms are vascular plants with stems, roots and leaves, with eggs that are fertilized and develop inside the flower.
Since angiosperms only evolved and diversified about 100 million years ago, the West Burma Block could not have broken off from Gondwana before then, Poinar said, which is much later than dates that have been suggested by geologists.
Joining Poinar and Chambers, a botany and plant pathology researcher in the OSU College of Agricultural Sciences, on the paper were Oregon State's Urszula Iwaniec and the USDA's Fernando Vega.
Iwaniec is a researcher in the Skeletal Biology Laboratory in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences and Vega works in the Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland.
Amber fossils reveal the true colours of 99-million-year-old insects
December 2, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
Nature is full of colours, from the radiant shine of a peacock's feathers or the bright warning colouration of toxic frogs to the pearl-white camouflage of polar bears.
Usually, fine structural detail necessary for the conservation of colour is rarely preserved in the fossil record, making most reconstructions of the fossil-based on artists' imagination.
A research team from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS) has now unlocked the secrets of true colouration in the 99-million-year-old insects.
Diverse structural-colored insects in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar
Colours offer many clues about the behaviour and ecology of animals. They function to keep organisms safe from predators, at the right temperature, or attractive to potential mates. Understanding the colouration of long-extinct animals can help us shed light on ecosystems in the deep geological past.
The study, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B on July 1, offers a new perspective on the often overlooked, but by no means dull, lives of insects that co-existed alongside dinosaurs in Cretaceous rainforests.
Researchers gathered a treasure trove of 35 amber pieces with exquisitely preserved insects from an amber mine in northern Myanmar.
"The amber is mid-Cretaceous, approximately 99 million years old, dating back to the golden age of dinosaurs. It is essentially resin produced by ancient coniferous trees that grew in a tropical rainforest environment.
Animals and plants trapped in the thick resin got preserved, some with life-like fidelity," said Dr. CAI Chenyang, associate professor at NIGPAS who lead the study.
The rare set of amber fossils includes cuckoo wasps with metallic bluish-green, yellowish-green, purplish-blue or green colours on the head, thorax, abdomen, and legs. In terms of colour, they are almost the same as cuckoo wasps that live today, said Dr. CAI.
The researchers also discovered blue and purple beetle specimens and a metallic dark-green soldier fly. "We have seen thousands of amber fossils but the preservation of colour in these specimens is extraordinary," said Prof. HUANG Diying from NIGPAS, a co-author of the study.
"The type of colour preserved in the amber fossils is called structural colour. It is caused by the microscopic structure of the animal's surface. The surface nanostructure scatters light of specific wavelengths and produces very intense colours.
This mechanism is responsible for many of the colours we know from our everyday lives," explained Prof. PAN Yanhong from NIGPAS, a specialist on palaeoecology reconstruction.
To understand how and why colour is preserved in some amber fossils but not in others, and whether the colours seen in fossils are the same as the ones insects paraded more than 99 million years ago, the researchers used a diamond knife blades to cut through the exoskeleton of two of the colourful amber wasps and a sample of the normal dull cuticle.
Using electron microscopy, they were able to show that colourful amber fossils have a well-preserved exoskeleton nanostructure that scatters light.
The unaltered nanostructure of coloured insects suggested that the colours preserved in amber may be the same as the ones displayed by them in the Cretaceous. But in fossils that do not preserve colour, the cuticular structures are badly damaged, explaining their brown-black appearance.
What kind of information can we learn about the lives of ancient insects from their colour? Extant cuckoo wasps are, as their name suggests, parasites that lay their eggs into the nests of unrelated bees and wasps.
Structural colouration has been shown to serve as camouflage in insects, and so it is probable that the colour of Cretaceous cuckoo wasps represented an adaptation to avoid detection.
"At the moment we also cannot rule out the possibility that the colours played other roles besides camouflage, such as thermoregulation," adds Dr CAI.
Smallest Dinosaur ever Found Preserved in 99- million-year-old Piece of Amber
October 6, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
The head of a flying dinosaur that is hardly bigger than a bee hummingbird has been discovered in 99-million-year-old amber. The piece of polished amber, just 31mm by 20mm by 8.5mm, was found in Kachin Province of northern Myanmar, an area becoming increasingly well-known for its remarkable amber-encased fossils.
The piece of amber measures only 1.25 inches (31.5 millimeters) in length. The skull is a mere 0.6 inches (11 millimeters).
The amber contains the skull of Oculudentavis khaungraae, a newly described dinosaur and one of the smallest ever discovered. Its tiny stature is forcing paleontologists to rethink the lower limits of body size in birds, and the nearly 100-million-year-old fossil is challenging the current understanding of when and how dinosaur giants shrank into the birds of today.
A Mysterious Transformation
Tiny Oculudentavis may have occupied a unique ecological niche in the ancient world.
The evolutionary transition of dinosaurs to modern birds is one of the most astounding transformations in the history of life: large, bipedal and mostly carnivorous dinosaurs morphed into small, flying birds. Famous discoveries like Archaeopteryx and more recently the fossils from the Jehol Biota in China have given researchers some hints about the process. But finds from this evolutionary phase — which researchers think began about 200 million years ago — are rare.
Paleontologists are far from having a complete picture of the evolution of birds, and even farther from a full inventory of Earth's ecosystems in the age of dinosaurs. Our research on the tiny Oculudentavis, published in the journal Nature, adds valuable information to the puzzle of when, how, and to what extent dinosaurs shrank.
Clues in Bone
This high-resolution scan allowed us to see the intricacies of a bone structure unlike any before seen in birds or dinosaurs.
Our team needed to see the minute details of the skull, and we needed to do it without cracking or ruining the specimen – a difficult task with a skull encased in 99-million-year old amber from Myanmar. To do that, we scanned the skull with high-resolution X-rays and created a digital model with very fine anatomical detail. What emerged was a picture of overall bird-like anatomy. But in some interesting ways, Oculudentavis is unlike any bird or dinosaur that has ever been found.
The obvious curiosity of the fossil is its size: Oculudentavis rivaled the smallest bird living today, the bee hummingbird, and likely was no more than 1.6 inches (4 centimeters) from beak to tail. We considered whether the skull possibly belonged to a very young animal, but the extent and pattern of bone growth and the proportional size of the eye pointed to a mature bird.
With a total skull length of just about 0.6 inches (1.5 centimeters), Oculudentavis pushes against what is considered the lower limit of size in birds: the head still had to hold functional eyes, a brain, and jaws. The small size is especially surprising if one considers that Oculudentavis lived during the same time as giant plant-eating dinosaurs like Argentinosaurus.
Small and Specialized
The small size of Oculudentavis is striking, but to a trained eye, there are other extremely unusual features, too.
First of all, the skull seems to be built for strength. The bones show an unusual pattern of fusion and the skull lacks an antorbital fenestra, a small hole often found in front of the eye.
The eyes of Oculudentavis also surprised us. The shape of the bones found within the eye, the scleral ossicles, suggests that it probably had conical eyes with small pupils. This type of eye structure is especially well adapted for moving around in bright light. While daytime activity might be expected for an ancient bird from the age of dinosaurs, the shape of the ossicles is entirely distinct from any other dinosaur and resembles those of modern-day lizards.
Adding to the list of unexpected features, the upper jaw carries at least 23 small teeth. These teeth extend all the way back beneath the eye and are not set in deep pockets, an unusual arrangement for most ancient birds. The large number of teeth and their sharp cutting edges suggest that Oculudentavis was a predator that may have fed on small bugs.
The sum of these traits — a strong skull, good eyesight, and a hunter's set of teeth — suggests to us that Oculudentavis led a life previously unknown among ancient birds: it was a hummingbird-sized daytime predator.
One of the Earliest and Tiniest Birds?
Placing Oculudentavis in the tree of life is, given its strange anatomy, challenging. Our phylogenetic analysis — the investigation of its relationships to other dinosaurs — identifies Oculudentavis as one of the most ancient birds. Only Archaeopteryx branched off earlier.
Scientists consider the nectar-feeding hummingbirds — which appeared 30 million years ago — the smallest dinosaurs on record. But if our placement of Oculudentavis holds true, the miniaturization of dinosaurs may have peaked far earlier than paleontologists previously thought. In fact, the largest and the smallest dinosaurs may have walked and flown the same earth nearly 100 million years ago.
Our work demonstrates how little scientists know about the little things in the history of life. Scientists' snapshot of fossil ecosystems in the dinosaur age is incomplete and leaves so many questions unanswered. But paleontologists are eager to take on these questions.
What other tiny species were out there? What was their ecological function? Was Oculudentavis the only visually guided bug hunter? To better understand the evolution of the diversity of life we need more emphasis and recognition of the small.
Amber holds strong potential to fill that gap. Maybe one day a scientist will hold up another piece, and let sunshine reveal a complete Oculudentavis, or even a previously unknown species. More finds in amber will help illuminate the world of the tiny vertebrates in the age of dinosaurs.
100-million-year old giant sperm found trapped in amber
September 18, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
The world's oldest animal sperm has been found in a tiny crustacean trapped in Amber about 100 million years ago in Myanmar by the international partnership of researchers from London's Queen Mary University and the Chinese Academy of Science in Nanjing.
Dr. He Wang of the Chinese Academy of Science in Nanjing led the study team to locate sperm in a new species called Myanmarcypris hui. They predict that the animals had sex just before their entrapment in the piece of amber (tree resin), which formed in the Cretaceous period.
Sperm fossilized was exceptionally rare; previously the oldest known examples were only 17 million years old. Myanmarcypris hui is an ostracod, a kind of crustacean that has existed for 500 million years and lives in all kinds of aquatic environments from deep oceans to lakes and rivers.
One of the ostracods trapped in amber.
Their fossil shells are common and abundant but finding specimens preserved in ancient amber with their appendages and internal organs intact provides a rare and exciting opportunity to learn more about their evolution.
Professor Dave Horne, Professor of Micropalaeontology at Queen Mary University of London said: "Analyses of fossil ostracod shells are hugely informative about past environments and climates, as well as shedding light on evolutionary puzzles, but exceptional occurrences of fossilized soft parts like this result in remarkable advances in our understanding."
Besides a few insects, 39 ostracod crustaceans were entrapped in this tiny piece of Cretaceous amber found in Myanmar, including one containing the world's oldest sperm cells.
During the Cretaceous period in what is now Myanmar, the ostracods were probably living in a coastal lagoon fringed by trees where they became trapped in a blob of tree resin.
The Kachin amber of Myanmar has previously yielded outstanding finds including frogs, snakes, and a feathered dinosaur tail. Bo Wang, also of the Chinese Academy of Science in Nanjing added: "Hundreds of new species have been described in the past five years, and many of them have made evolutionary biologists re-consider long-standing hypotheses on how certain lineages developed and how ecological relationships evolved."
The study, published in Royal Society Proceedings B, also has implications for understanding the evolutionary history of an unusual mode of sexual reproduction involving "giant sperm."
The new ostracod finds may be extremely small but in one sense they are giants. Males of most animals (including humans) typically produce tens of millions of really small sperm in very large quantities, but there are exceptions.
Some tiny fruit flies (insects) and ostracods (crustaceans) are famous for investing in quality rather than quantity: relatively small numbers of "giant" sperm that are many times longer than the animal itself, a by-product of evolutionary competition for reproductive success.
The new discovery is not only by far the oldest example of fossil sperm ever found but also shows that these ostracods had already evolved giant sperm, and specially-adapted organs to transfer them from male to female, 100 million years ago.
Each ostracod is less than a millimeter long. Using X-ray microscopy the team made computer-aided 3-D reconstructions of the ostracods embedded in the amber, revealing incredible detail.
A 3D reconstruction of the female ostracod.
Artist's reconstruction of the Cretaceous ostracod crustacean Myanmarcypris hui male (right) and female (left) during mating.
"The results were amazing — not only did we find their tiny appendages to be preserved inside their shells, but we could also see their reproductive organs," added He Wang. "But when we identified the sperm inside the female and knowing the age of the amber, it was one of those special Eureka-moments in a researcher's life."
Wang's team found adult males and females but it was a female specimen that contained the sperm, indicating that it must have had sex shortly before becoming trapped in the amber.
The reconstructions also revealed the distinctive muscular sperm pumps and penises (two of each) that male ostracods use to inseminate the females, who store them in bag-like receptacles until eggs are ready to be fertilized.
Such extensive adaptation raises the question of whether reproduction with giant sperms can be an evolutionarily-stable character. "To show that using giant sperms in reproduction is not an extinction-doomed extravagance of evolution, but a serious long-term advantage for the survival of a species, we need to know when they first appeared," says co-author Dr. Renate Matzke-Karasz of Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich.
This new evidence of the persistence of reproduction with giant sperm for a hundred million years shows it to be a highly successful reproductive strategy that evolved only once in this group — quite impressive for a trait that demands such a substantial investment from both males and females, especially when you consider that many ostracods can reproduce asexually, without needing males at all.
"Sexual reproduction with giant sperm must be very advantageous," says Matzke-Karasz.
99 million years old dinosaur-era bird wings found trapped in amber
May 18, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
The new specimens come from a famous amber deposit in northeastern Myanmar, which has produced thousands of exquisite specimens of insects of all shapes and sizes
Beijing: In a first, scientists have discovered specimens of complete wings of tiny, prehistoric birds that were trapped in amber 100 million years ago and preserved in exquisite detail.
Thousands of fossil birds from the time of the dinosaurs have been uncovered in China. However, most of these fossils are flattened in the rock, even though they commonly preserve fossils.
The new specimens, discovered by researchers including Xing Lida from the China University of Geosciences, and Mike Benton from the University of Bristol in the UK, come from a famous amber deposit in northeastern Myanmar, which has produced thousands of exquisite specimens of insects of all shapes and sizes, as well as spiders, scorpions, lizards, and isolated feathers.
This is the first time that whole portions of birds have been noted.
The fossil wings are tiny, only two or three centimeters long, and they contain the bones of the wing, including three long fingers armed with sharp claws, for clambering about in trees, as well as the feathers, all preserved in exquisite detail.
The anatomy of the hand shows these come from enantiornithine birds, a major group in the Cretaceous, but which died out at the same time as the dinosaurs, 66 million years ago.
Amber is a solidified tree sap, and the Burmese amber occurs in small blocks that are polished to unveil treasures within. "These fossil wings show amazing detail.
Feathers of 99 million-year-old bird wings preserved in amber.
The individual feathers show every filament and whisker, whether they are flight feathers or down feathers, and there are even traces of colour – spots and stripes," said Benton.
"The fact that the tiny birds were clambering about in the trees suggests that they had advanced development, meaning they were ready for action as soon as they hatched," said Lida.
"These birds did not hang about in the nest waiting to be fed but set off looking for food, and sadly died perhaps because of their small size and lack of experience," he said.
"Isolated feathers in other amber samples show that adult birds might have avoided the sticky sap, or pulled themselves free," he added.
The Burmese amber deposits are producing a treasure trove of remarkable early fossils, and they document a particularly active time in the evolution of life on land, the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution.
An illustration of a Enantiornithine partially ensnared by tree resin, based on one of the specimens discovered.
Flowering plants were flourishing and diversifying, and insects that fed on the leaves and nectar of the flowers were also diversifying fasts, as too were their predators, such as spiders, lizards, mammals, and birds.
This Gecko Has Been Trapped In Amber For 100 Million Years
Researchers at the University of Oregon state and the Natural History Museum in London confirmed that they had found the oldest known gecko fossil with life-like pieces after 100 million years of the amber-buried skeleton.
This ancient chameleon relative is the oldest found to date, beating out the previous title-holder by roughly 80 million years.
The tiny foot of this ancient lizard also displays the tiny "lamellae" or sticky headdress hairs, that to this day give modern geckos their unusual ability to cling to surfaces or run across a ceiling. Research programs around the world have tried to mimic this bizarre adhesive capability, with limited success.
This gecko's running days are over, however, as only the foot, toes, and part of a tail are left in the stone. The rest might have become lunch for a small dinosaur or another predator during an ancient fight in the tropical forests of Myanmar during the Lower Cretaceous Period, from 97 million to 110 million years ago.
These ancient amber fossils from Burma in Southeast Asia help complete the patchy record of lizard evolution.
The find is at least 40 million years older than the oldest known gecko fossil, shedding additional light on the evolution and history of these ancient lizards that scampered among the feet of giant dinosaurs then and still are common in tropical or sub-tropical regions all over the world.
The findings were just published in Zootaxa, a professional journal.
"It's the unusual toe pads and clinging ability of some geckos that make them such a fascinating group of animals, so we were very fortunate to find such a well-preserved foot in this fossil specimen," said George Poinar, Jr., a courtesy professor at OSU and one of the world's leading experts on insects, plants and other life forms trapped in amber, a semi-precious stone that begins as tree sap.
"There's a gecko society, gecko clubs, just a lot of interest in these animals because of their unusual characteristics," Poinar said. "So there are a lot of people pretty excited about this."
Based on the number of lamellae found on its toe pads, this gecko was probably a very small juvenile of what would have become a comparatively large adult, possibly up to a foot long, the researchers say. Modern geckos get no more than about 16 inches long, although it's possible there were larger species millions of years ago.
The juvenile gecko found in the fossil was less than an inch in length when it died – possibly by being eaten or attacked since only partial remains were found.
The discovery has been announced as a new genus and species of gecko, now extinct, and has been named Cretaceogekko. It had a striped pattern that probably served as camouflage.
There are more than 1,200 species of geckos in the world today, common in warm or tropical regions, including parts of the southern United States. They are frequently kept as pets, and often are welcome in the homes of some tropical residents because they help control insects. Some are very colorful. They use long tongues to lick, clean, and moisturize their eyes.
"Geckos are territorial, and when I lived in Africa in the early 1980s we used to have them in our house," Poinar said. "They are pretty friendly and don't bother humans. Certain individuals would move into the house, we'd give them names, and they would run around the house, catch mosquitoes, help control bugs. They would crawl across the ceiling and look down at you."
The new study provides evidence that geckos were definitely in Asia by 100 million years ago, and had already evolved their bizarre foot structure at that time. The amber fossil was mined in the Hukawng Valley in Myanmar, and during its life, the gecko probably lived in a moist, tropical forest with ample opportunities for climbing.
3D printing the fossils allow researchers to study them without risking damage to the originals. They can also enlarge the printed fossils to get a look at minute details.
This 3D print of the early gecko trapped in amber gives a much clearer view of the lizard's remarkable preservation—right down to its teeth.
This micro-CT scan of the oldest known fossil chameleon shows the hyoid bone highlighted in blue, which indicates that the lizard had a projectile tongue like modern chameleons.
The ability of geckos to walk on vertical walls or even upside down is due to the presence of thousands of "setae" on their toes, very tiny, hairlike structures that have tips which attach to surfaces by van der Walls forces. It's a type of incredibly strong, dry adhesion shared by virtually no other group of animals.
It's not known exactly how old this group of animals is, and when they evolved their adhesive toe pads. However, the new study makes it clear that this ability was in place at least 100 million years ago, in nature. Modern research programs still have not been able to completely duplicate it.
Scientists at the University of California at Berkeley reported earlier this year that they have developed a new "anti-sliding" adhesive that they said was the closest man-made material yet to mimic the ability of geckos – they think it might help a robot climb up the side of walls. A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology this year created a waterproof adhesive bandage inspired by geckos, that may someday be used in surgery. And of course, geckos have become an advertising icon for the insurance company Geico.
This study is just one of many in which Poinar and colleagues have used the unusual characteristics of amber to study ancient life forms and develop information on the ecology of ancient ecosystems.
As a stone that first begins to form as sap oozing from a tree, amber can trap small insects or other life forms and preserve them in near-perfect detail for observation millions of years later.
Dwarfs under dinosaur legs: 99-million-year-old millipede discovered in Burmese amber
February 7, 2020 Archaeology World Team	Leave a comment
99-Million-Year-Old Millipede Trapped In Amber Discovered In Myanmar
The analysis of an amber-trapped, 99 million-year-old fossilized millipede is bringing scientists to utterly rethink the evolution of the entire millipede species.
Researchers found that the perfectly preserved 8.2 mm specimen found in Burma was an entirely new species, according to a study published in the journal ZooKeys, due to its peculiar morphology that differed greatly from existing millipede classifications.
Professor Pavel Stoev at the Bulgarian National Natural History Museum told us in a statement that "We were very surprised that this animal can not be placed into the present Millipede classification.
The 8.5-millimeter millipede had five-unit compound eyes and an unusually hairless rear end
"Even though their general appearance has remained unchanged in the last 100 million years, as our planet underwent dramatic changes several times in this period, some morphological traits in Callipodida lineage have evolved significantly."
As a result of this exciting find, Stoev together with his colleagues Dr. Thomas Wesener and Leif Moritz of the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig in Germany had to revise the current millipede classification and introduce a new suborder for the specimen. There have only been a handful of millipede suborders described in the last five decades.
To get a more accurate look at the fossilized millipede's morphology, researchers used 3D X-ray microscopy to construct a virtual model of the ancient millipede, including its internal features.
The examination showed that the 99 million-year-old millipede was, in fact, significantly different from other early millipede species. The researchers named the new species Burmanopetalum inexpectatum, with the latter word meaning "unexpected" in Latin.
Among the Burmanopetalum inexpectatum's unique traits are its eye, which is composed of five optical units where other millipede orders usually have but two or three.
Another fascinating trait of the newly discovered millipede is its smooth hypoproct, which is the spot located in between the anal opening and the genitalia of an insect.
By comparison, its younger brethren usually have hypopcrocts that are covered in bristles. These highly unusual traits have given scientists a completely new perspective regarding how its kind evolved.
The researchers used micro-CT scans to create a 3-D model of the ancient millipede
Not to be confused with centipedes, millipedes belong to the Diplopoda class which is Latin for "double foot." The name refers to the two pairs of legs that these critters have on each of their body segments in addition to its many tiny legs. By comparison, centipedes have only one pair of legs per body segment.
Also unlike centipedes, millipedes are not active predators and they survive on a diet of decaying plant matter. When threatened, millipedes will secrete poisonous chemicals to deter animals that may want to hurt or eat them.
Scientists estimate that there are 80,000 species of millipedes, yet only a fraction have been discovered and studied.
This ancient insect's peculiar characteristics are not the only thing that sets it apart, however. The fact that it was discovered in Myanmar is also significant because scientists have never discovered a Callipodidan in Myanmar before, which means that this order of insects must have existed in the Southeast Asian region as well.
The Burmese amber that the millipede had been trapped in was part of a private collection of animals that belonged to Patrick Müller.
This collection included 400 amber stones that the scientists had been granted access to, and is the largest collection of its kind in Europe and the third-largest in the world.
Much of the collection is now deposited at the Museum Koenig in Bonn, Germany, where other researchers from around the world may gain access to study the collection, too.
This 99-Million-Year-Old Dinosaur Tail Trapped in Amber Hints at Feather Evolution
A feathered dinosaur's tail has been found in Myanmar amber perfectly preserved. The one-of – a-kind breakthrough helps to put a new perspective on the evolution of a group that dominant in the world for more than 160 million years.
The examination of the specimen suggests the tail was chestnut brown on top and white on its underside. The tail is described in the journal Current Biology.
"This is the first time we've found dinosaur material preserved in amber," co-author Ryan McKellar, of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum in Canada, told the BBC News website. The study's first author, Lida Xing from the China University of Geosciences in Beijing, discovered the remarkable fossil at an amber market in Myitkina, Myanmar.
The 99-million-year-old amber had already been polished for jewellery and the seller had thought it was plant material. On closer inspection, however, it turned out to be the tail of a feathered dinosaur about the size of a sparrow.
Lida Xing was able to establish where it had come from by tracking down the amber miner who had originally dug out the specimen. Dr. McKellar said examination of the tail's anatomy showed it definitely belonged to a feathered dinosaur and not an ancient bird.
The dinosaur's plumage is preserved in exquisite detail
The specimen sheds new light on feather evolution
"We can be sure of the source because the vertebrae are not fused into a rod or pygostyle as in modern birds and their closest relatives," he explained.
"Instead, the tail is long and flexible, with keels of feathers running down each side."
Dr. McKellar said there are signs the dinosaur still contained fluids when it was incorporated into the tree resin that eventually formed the amber. This indicates that it could even have become trapped in the sticky substance while it was still alive.
Co-author Prof Mike Benton, from the University of Bristol, added: "It's amazing to see all the details of a dinosaur tail – the bones, flesh, skin, and feathers – and to imagine how this little fellow got his tail caught in the resin, and then presumably died because he could not wrestle free."
Examination of the chemistry of the tail where it was exposed at the surface of the amber even shows up traces of ferrous iron, a relic of the blood that was once in the sample.
The findings also shed light on how feathers were arranged on these dinosaurs because 3D features are often lost due to the compression that occurs when corpses become fossils in sedimentary rocks.
The feathers lack the well-developed central shaft – a rachis – known from modern birds. Their structure suggests that the two finest tiers of branching in modern feathers, known as barbs and barbules, arose before the rachis formed.
This CT scan reveals how feathers were inserted along the tail
Kachin State, in north-eastern Myanmar, where the specimen was found, has been producing amber for 2,000 years. But because of the large number of insects preserved in the deposits, over the last 20 years it has become a focus for scientists who study ancient arthropods.
"The larger amber pieces often get broken up in the mining process. By the time we see them, they have often been turned into things like jewellery. We never know how much of the specimen has been missed," said Dr. McKellar.
"If you had a complete specimen, for example, you could look at how feathers were arranged across the whole body. Or you could look at other soft tissue features that don't usually get preserved."
Other preserved parts of a feathered dinosaur might also reveal whether it was a flying or gliding animal.
"There have been other, anecdotal reports of similar specimens coming from the region. But if they disappear into private collections, then they're lost to science," Dr. McKellar explained.
Dr. Paul Barrett, from London's Natural History Museum, called the specimen a "beautiful fossil", describing it as a "really rare occurrence of vertebrate material in amber".
He told BBC News: "Feathers have been recovered in amber before, so that aspect isn't new, but what this new specimen shows is the 3D arrangement of feathers in a Mesozoic dinosaur/bird for the first time, as almost all of the other feathered dinosaur fossils and Mesozoic bird skeletons that we have been flattened and 2D only, which has obscured some important features of their anatomy.
"The new amber specimen confirms ideas from developmental biologists about the order in which some of the detailed features of modern feathers, such as barbs and barbules (the little hooks that hold the barbs together so that the feather can form a nice neat vane), would have appeared also."
Earlier this year, scientists also described ancient bird wings that had been discovered in amber from the same area of Myanmar.
ENGLAND, EUROPE, WORLD
4,000 Years old Anglo-Saxon Settlement and Cemetery Unearthed in England
EUROPE, MOST VIEWED ARTICLES, SPAIN, WORLD
EUROPE, TURKEY, WORLD
Sultan's Grave Discovered in Eastern Turkey
Massive Prehistoric Monument Detected Near Stonehenge


text:
Humans, Starfleet sciences personnel, USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) personnel (alternate reality), Scientists
Carol Marcus (alternate reality)
(split 2233)
Federation Starfleet
Alexander Marcus
For the prime reality counterpart, please see Carol Marcus.
"Dr. Marcus, I'm glad you could be a part of the family."
"It's nice to have a family."
– James T. Kirk and Carol Marcus, 2260 (Star Trek Into Darkness)
Doctor Carol Marcus was a Starfleet science officer who served aboard the USS Enterprise from 2259 to the early 2260s. She had a doctorate in applied physics, specializing in advanced weaponry.
Early life Edit
Carol Marcus was born to Alexander Marcus and a mother with the maiden name Wallace. Sometime prior to 2259, she joined Starfleet.
In a deleted scene, Carol explained her British accent was due to the fact that her father had been stationed in London when she was born, and her mother had raised her there. [1] The filmmakers specifically decided that, in the alternate reality, she was raised in London. [2]
Starfleet career Edit
Science officer aboard the USS Enterprise Edit
Going after "John Harrison" Edit
Carol Wallace introduces herself to Kirk and Spock
When Captain James T. Kirk set off for Qo'noS to find the traitor John Harrison, Marcus boarded his shuttle under the alias Carol Wallace, using her mother's maiden name and claiming Admiral Marcus had assigned her to the Enterprise. Spock deemed her credentials impressive but decided she was redundant, as he himself had been reinstated as first officer of the USS Enterprise, while Kirk welcomed her aboard.
Spock confronted Carol about her name not being in the ship's records, but before she could explain herself to him, the ship's warp core malfunctioned. Spock later revealed her true identity to Kirk. Carol apologized to Kirk for the deception after Harrison was arrested, explaining she had used her mother's maiden name to board the ship and examine a series of seventy-two experimental, advanced long-range torpedos aboard the vessel because she had discovered they had disappeared from all official records after her father had withheld information on them from her. Her father had given the photon torpedos to Kirk, to fire on Harrison.
Marcus and McCoy peer into the torpedo
Marcus went with Leonard McCoy to examine one of the torpedos on a deserted planetoid, after Harrison suggested to Kirk that he open one. McCoy accidentally activated the torpedo and trapped his hand, but despite Kirk ordering that she be beamed up, Carol managed to deactivate the torpedo before the emergency beam-up became necessary. Opening up the dormant torpedo, she and McCoy discovered a cryogenically frozen man inside.
When questioned, Harrison revealed that he was Khan Noonien Singh, that he had been revived to help prepare for war with the Klingon Empire, and that he had planned to smuggle his fellow Augments in the torpedoes before he was caught. Admiral Alexander Marcus arrived in the USS Vengeance, a warship designed by Khan, and began firing on the Enterprise. Carol Marcus revealed her presence to him in an effort to persuade her father to cease the attack, but Alexander simply beamed her over and carried on. When taken to the bridge, Carol smacked her father, telling him she was ashamed to be his daughter. But he ignored her, believing the cover-up was necessary.
Carol witnesses her father's death
Scotty deactivated the Vengeance's weaponry, giving Kirk and Khan time to fly to the ship and commandeer it. When they arrived on the bridge, Scotty shot to stun Khan while Kirk admonished the admiral for compromising Starfleet. Kirk ordered the admiral out of his command chair, citing that while he could force him out, he preferred not to do it in front of Carol. However, one stun shot was ineffective to keep Khan down, and he promptly beat Scott and Kirk. He then turned to Admiral Marcus, who tried to flee into a turbolift. Carol tried to stop and reason with him, but he responded by breaking her leg. Then he grabbed her father and crushed his skull before her very eyes, and she responded by screaming in horror.
Along with Kirk and Scott, Carol was then beamed, by Khan, into the Enterprise's brig. Kirk brought her to sickbay for McCoy to patch her up. Khan resumed bombarding the Enterprise, and the damage caused the ship to fall to Earth. Kirk went into the warp core and reactivated the engines, preventing the Enterprise from crashing, but at the cost of poisoning himself. Marcus watched as Kirk's unconscious body was brought to sickbay. However, McCoy realized Khan's blood could be used to heal him. He and Marcus placed Kirk in one of the Augments' cryotubes to put him in suspended animation. Spock and Uhura beamed down to apprehend Khan, after he crashed the Vengeance into San Francisco, and the blood transfusion proved successful.
The five-year mission Edit
Carol on the bridge as the Enterprise gets under way
Carol attended a memorial service for those killed by Khan and her father, close to a year later. She continued serving on the Enterprise bridge as science officer when it embarked on its first five-year mission. (Star Trek Into Darkness)
Science officers of the starships Enterprise
Enterprise NX-01: T'Pol • Unnamed
USS Enterprise: Spock • Connolly • Chekov • Sonak • Decker • Saavik
USS Enterprise-A: Spock
USS Enterprise-B: Unnamed
USS Enterprise-D: Swenson • Data • Taitt
USS Enterprise-E: Data
ISS Enterprise NX-01: T'Pol
ISS Enterprise NCC-1701: Spock
USS Enterprise: Spock • 0718 • Carol Marcus
Key dates Edit
Smuggles herself onto the USS Enterprise via forged documents
Attends the re-Christening ceremony of the Enterprise
Permanently assigned to the USS Enterprise for five-year mission
leaves the USS Enterprise for unknown reasons
Memorable quotes Edit
"I'm Carol Marcus."
- Carol Marcus, formally introducing herself to James Kirk (Star Trek Into Darkness)
"Turn around. Now!"
- Carol Marcus, when Captain Kirk gets a glimpse of her in her underwear (Star Trek Into Darkness)
"I am ashamed to be your daughter."
- Carol Marcus to Alexander Marcus, decrying her father's actions (Star Trek Into Darkness)
"Listen… wait."
- Carol Marcus to Khan Noonien Singh, before he breaks her leg (Star Trek Into Darkness)
"Dr. Marcus! Uh… I'm glad you can be part of the family."
- James Kirk and Carol Marcus, on Carol joining the Enterprise crew (Star Trek Into Darkness)
Appendices Edit
Background information Edit
The alternate-reality Carol Marcus was played by Alice Eve.
Origins Edit
A young Carol Marcus was in an early script draft of the film Star Trek. She would have been represented as meeting Kirk during his adolescence and living near him. [3] Co-writer Roberto Orci explained, "We wanted to potentially lay down the foundation for their friendship [....] And then literally because of the nature of the introductory story and making sure that our core group of characters had the proper amount of story that they deserve, she went into the potential future draft." [4]
Introducing Carol Marcus in Star Trek Into Darkness brought some major implications to the movie, the prime-universe representation of the character having made a singular appearance – as the mother of Kirk's son, David Marcus, and a scientist involved in testing the Genesis Device – in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. "What we didn't want to do was rush it in a way that felt too familiar and too predictable," commented Alex Kurtzman, regarding how he and the other screenwriters wrote the role into Star Trek Into Darkness. "The idea with Carol was introduce a character that implies a lot of things, but leave it open enough that anything could happen in the next movie." [5]
Showing Carol Marcus changing into her flightsuit, in Star Trek Into Darkness, was motivated by Director J.J. Abrams wanting to appeal to Star Trek's male fanbase, which is fairly large. [6] That the film would show Dr. Marcus in her underwear was heavily discussed during many story conversations between the screenwriters, as they contemplated how they were going to justify that. Originally, Kirk would have stumbled on Marcus changing as she prepared to open the torpedo in space, but budgetary limitations prevented the writers from setting the disarming scene in space; Orci acknowledged that having her consequently change into a flightsuit was not as necessary as showing her change into a spacesuit. [7]
The writers approached the subject from the point of view that, like in Star Trek II, Carol Marcus was again to be represented as bold in her interactions with Kirk, despite each of them being another form of their character than from The Wrath of Khan. "We figured, how do we harness the spirit of that in this scene," recalled Alex Kurtzman, "and that's ultimately where we came to it from [....] It's not something we went into blindly, and certainly we all sat in a room going, okay, we're going to be criticized for this, but how do we justify this in a way that feels like it was thought about?" [8]
In a Yellow Revision of the screenplay for Star Trek Into Darkness, Carol Marcus, upon being introduced in the script, was described as wearing "Starfleet blues." Also, a line of dialogue characterized her as holding "advanced doctorates in applied physics," although this was later changed to instead describe her as having a singular doctorate in that subject. ("The Voyage Begins… Again!", "Featurettes", Star Trek: The Compendium Blu-ray special features)
In the same draft of the screenplay, Carol Marcus used the alias "Caroline Wallace". ("The Voyage Begins… Again!", "Featurettes", Star Trek: The Compendium Blu-ray special features) Both this and the alias she ultimately uses in the movie, "Carol Wallace" – besides referring to her mother's name – are likely in tribute to Janet Wallace. [9] That role was originally written as Kirk's love interest in early drafts of The Wrath of Khan and evolved into Carol Marcus in later drafts of the same film. (The Making of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan; Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 3, Issue 5) Both women were envisioned as strong-willed, intelligent scientists with whom Kirk had previously been emotionally involved.
Montgomery Scott's actor Simon Pegg was thrilled to discover that Carol Marcus was involved in Star Trek Into Darkness. "Looking at it from the outside," Pegg recalled, "when I first saw her name in the script, it was exciting, 'cause Carol Marcus is a figure from Star Trek history." [10] Kirk actor Chris Pine once referred to the character, as written for Into Darkness, as "a really interesting part." (SciFiNow, issue 80, p. 23)
Casting the role Edit
It was the people involved in making Star Trek Into Darkness that drew Alice Eve to it, rather than any familiarity with Star Trek, which she didn't know much about before taking the role of Carol Marcus. [11] "I didn't know who Carol Marcus was," she admitted. [12]
Alice Eve was likewise unaware, when she auditioned for the part, that it was the role of Carol Marcus she was trying out for. Although no full script was yet available, J.J. Abrams sent some scenes to her. [13] Before Eve received the scenes, Abrams asked that she prepare them. (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 52) "I got a few pages of this character's scenes and a scene that was kind of imagined, that wasn't in the movie," remembered Eve. "It was just so well constructed and so well imagined and so truthful that I wanted to be part of this group of people that told stories in that way." The audition scene that is not in the movie was, in Eve's words, "an extended dialogue scene" between Carol Marcus and her father. The scene (whose plot points were included elsewhere in the film) was helpful to Eve in her understanding of Carol Marcus. [14] In fact, despite not knowing the name of the character she was auditioning to play, Eve got a distinct impression of the role from the collection of scenes, later stating, "I got a sense [that] […] the journey of the character [J.J.] wanted was a girl who was struggling with her relationship with her father." Eve also consistently assumed that it was an already established character she would be playing, rather than a brand new one. [15]
Alice Eve proceeded to do as J.J. Abrams had requested by preparing the scenes. "I did that, and met with him, where we work-shopped the material," said Eve. This meeting was the first encounter between them, Eve having never auditioned for Abrams before nor even crossed paths with him. "The process of working with him was incredibly rewarding for me, and enjoyable," Eve continued. "Then I spoke to him and his producing partner, Bryan Burk, afterwards." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, pp. 52 & 54) Alex Kurtzman was another production staffer who witnessed the audition. He later recollected, "When we started auditioning Carol, in walked Alice, who was so wonderful and had this kind of lovely quality and brightness and intelligence. That inspired us to think about, 'OK, if we like Alice, then how are we going to craft the character around the actress that we like and make it familiar and not inconsistent with what you've seen before?" [16] Although it was by now obvious to Eve that the project she was auditioning for was Star Trek, Abrams didn't inform her that the character she was being considered for was Carol Marcus. "To be honest, that didn't mean anything to me anyway," Eve conceded, "because I wasn't overly familiar with the universe. He gave me a sense of who the woman was, what drove her, and what her motivations were. All of that gave me enough to create a sketch." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 54)
About ten days after Alice Eve's initial meeting with J.J. Abrams, he called her and asked her to do the forthcoming film. (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 52) The news that Eve was cast in the part extremely excited Simon Pegg. [17] "I think I maybe got the job because I naturally speak very fast," reckoned Eve; she implied that the quickness of her speaking worked well in sync with Abrams' thinking, observing that he thinks "very fast." (Empire, Issue 287, p. 92)
Initial movie depiction Edit
A US promotional poster featuring Carol Marcus
A UK promotional poster featuring Dr. Marcus
As Alice Eve naturally has an English accent (though can do a considerably convincing American one) whereas the original portrayal of Carol Marcus featured an American accent, there was "ample discussion," said Eve, as to which accent Marcus was to have in Star Trek Into Darkness. Ultimately, the Oxford-educated Eve was allowed to portray the character with her own accent, later quipping, "The association sometimes is that English people are more intelligent than Americans. Of course, it isn't true, but I think we decided to play into that stereotype… because she is such a super-brain." [18]
Once Alice Eve found out which character she had been selected to depict, Eve was happy to have been cast as Carol Marcus. This was because the vast differences between how she had been written in Star Trek Into Darkness and her previous presentment meant that Eve didn't have to copy that earlier portrayal. [19] Nevertheless preparing for the role by watching every episode of Star Trek: The Original Series' first season and Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Eve took certain cues from the prime-universe version of Dr. Marcus, saying, "Oh, it's information you have to carry, definitely. It doesn't shape it, but it will maybe inform certain choices." Eve kept in mind that Marcus was originally depicted as being "cleverer than Kirk." The actress noted that she thus kept Marcus' "composure and her conviction and her thoughts, her belief in her intellect."
However, believing that the prime-universe Carol Marcus has "great composure" – brought about by age as well as by lost aspirations and relationships – Eve found that she had to temper this characteristic to play a younger, less experienced rendition of the character. [20] "This Carol Marcus that I was playing, I didn't feel she was tough," offered Eve. "I wanted to bring a vulnerability to her, because she was at the beginning of her journey as a woman [....] I wanted to bring that sense of hope and softness to her, along with the list of capabilities that are on the page. And she became mine at some point, I understood that there was a tradition, but I didn't hold too tightly to any of it because she was mine now." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 54)
Having spent much of her early twenties in further education, Alice Eve found she could relate to the highly educated Carol Marcus. "I was familiar with that kind of mind," Eve noted. "I think she has a specific motivation that was one that I understood and could sympathize with, so both resonated with me quite strongly." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 54) Eve wasn't entirely like the character, though. "I definitely knew that Carol was braver than I was when we started," Eve stated, "and more tenacious." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 55)
Hair Department Head Mary L. Mastro was conscious of styling Alice Eve's hair, for her role as Carol Marcus, in such a way as to be similar to that of the character's initial representation. "Alice doesn't look anything like the person who originally played that role," observed Mastro, "but we wanted to give her a sensibility that was similar, yet not have it be that period." [21] The hairstyle for the revised Carol Marcus was also influenced by a lengthy debate about the nature of hair in the future time period of Star Trek and the outcome of this discussion: the realization that J.J. Abrams usually tended toward stylistic minimalism in Star Trek. "So we used the famous Vidal Sassoon bob from the '60s to build a hairstyle," explained Alice Eve. "We think it showed a sense of youth, and was in keeping with the original imagery of the '60s show, but we modernized it and it added a clean efficiency to the line. It was that stuff we ended up falling back on, and J.J. was involved in all aspects. He was even involved with the color I chose to wear on my nails." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 55)
Alice Eve found that portraying the sexual chemistry between Dr. Marcus and Captain Kirk came naturally to herself and Chris Pine, mainly due to him having blue eyes that she found "really beautiful." [22] The actress also appreciated that, while Marcus took "great" support from her relationship with Kirk, their bond didn't define Marcus and that she "was a very determined woman in her own right, dealing with her own struggles." [23]
Carol in her underwear
Performing the scene wherein Carol Marcus briefly appears in her underwear was fairly straightforward. When asked whether she found portraying the scene awkward, Alice Eve replied, "That's always an experience. I enjoyed working with everyone very much, I felt very comfortable in that environment and we'd all been training incredibly hard to, like, look like we were capable of living in space and saving the world. So, you know, I enjoyed the whole process of making that film, it was a good one." [24] The image of Marcus wearing only her underwear circulated around the Internet. There are mixed opinions about the scene, one criticism being that it undermined Marcus as a character. [25] Despite the brief shot turning out to be controversial and criticized by some as an exploitative and unnecessary sexualizing of an otherwise strong female character, Eve feels it was neither overly sexualizing her persona in the film nor inappropriate, given that Kirk is shown having sex with women and with his shirt off in both Star Trek and Star Trek Into Darkness. Eve has argued that not only was she fit when she filmed the scene but also that exhibiting the beauty of the female body in a strong character does not detract from such a character's strength or power. [26]
In addition to being highlighted in a deleted scene from Star Trek Into Darkness which explains the split universe's Carol was raised by her mother in England and thereby accounts for her British accent, Editors Mary Jo Markey and Maryann Brandon revealed that Kirk's original first meeting with Carol, after Pike's death, was also cut from the film and replaced during additional photography, which they felt added to Spock's, and the audience's, initial suspiciousness about her. (Star Trek Into Darkness iTunes enhanced commentary)
Aftermath of first film appearance Edit
Alice Eve has expressed happiness with her initial movie appearance as Carol Marcus, saying, "I really enjoyed the character I got to play." [27] Following the shooting of Star Trek Into Darkness, the actress clarified, "I know that I admire her tenacity, and her bravery. It's always great to play someone you can learn from [....] I hope I've learned from her." (Star Trek Magazine issue 172, p. 55) Eve has also expressed happiness that the alternate reality take on the character has been intriguing for online fans. "It's good to know that people are interested in Carol Marcus," she said. "I was really glad to be able to play her, with her intelligence and her quick wit with Kirk." (The A-Z of Star Trek, SFX Special Edition 61, p. 63) Eve also requested that there be an action figure showing herself as Dr. Marcus, remarking, "I would like one." [28]
Alice Eve has stated that, should she return as Carol Marcus in another film after Star Trek Into Darkness, she would "like to see Carol take the (captain's) chair for at least an hour." The actress has been noncommittal about the story points relating to Marcus' relationship to Kirk, observing that the alternate reality leaves it open as to whether they eventually have a child, as in the prime universe. "I'd love any eventuality with Carol," Eve commented. "I love playing her. I love her strength and independence of mind. So I'd like to continue to see that." [29]
However, Carol Marcus and her relationship with Kirk intentionally weren't included in the next film, Star Trek Beyond. "There were many iterations where we did go and explore [Carol Marcus], but we figured it was two and a half years [after Into Darkness]… It was something we talked about and worked on, but in the presentation of this film it didn't quite fit in. It's there with the transporter and everything," laughed Star Trek Beyond Director Justin Lin. [30] Simon Pegg, who co-wrote the film, has likewise stated that Carol's absence was explained in one of the initial drafts. Originally, she was said to have gone off to start early research work on the Genesis project. [31]
Apocrypha Edit
Her male counterpart, Carl Marcus
According to her dossier on the Star Trek Into Darkness App, Carol Marcus was born in 2233 in New York City. Her mother's name is given as "June (β)". Carol entered Starfleet Academy in 2254 and graduated in 2258.
Like the rest of the crew, she has an opposite sex counterpart in IDW Publishing's comics "Parallel Lives, Part 1" and "Parallel Lives, Part 2", a two-parter in Star Trek: Ongoing. Her male equivalent is called Carl Marcus.
The 2013 virtual collectible card battle game Star Trek: Rivals used a picture of her for card #83: Doctor C. Marcus.
Carol Marcus (Kelvin timeline) at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
Carol Marcus at Wikipedia
Carol Marcus (alternate reality) at StarTrek.com, the official Star Trek website
Retrieved from "https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Carol_Marcus_(alternate_reality)?oldid=2319175"
Starfleet sciences personnel
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) personnel (alternate reality)
1 Phaser
2 Repression (episode)
3 Star Trek: The Official Starships Collection