1.1 What have been the key recent M&A trends or developments in your jurisdiction?
Companies in Bangladesh are increasingly inclined to engage in M&A, particularly in the telecom and energy sectors. Of the numerous transactions that took place in Bangladesh in 2015, the merger of Robi Axiata and Airtel Bangladesh is particularly noteworthy.
As for the legal framework, the competition law regime is developing. Numerous sectors have called for the development and implementation of M&A and antitrust regulations.
1.2 What is your outlook for public M&A in your jurisdiction over the next 12 months?
The number of M&A deals will likely increase over the next 12 months, with optimisation of labour and internal management a key issue for corporations. However, the rate of successful M&As may depend on the success of other merged entities in the relevant sectors.
It is our understanding that public M&A will increase since more firms are being enlisted. However, the existing legislation needs to be reformed to allow for different M&A strategies and fill the gaps within the existing legal framework that regulates public M&A.
2.1 What legislation and regulatory bodies govern public M&A activity in your jurisdiction?
The Company Act 1994 is a key statute for M&A. Other sector-specific laws may also be applicable depending on the industries involved. In addition, the Income Tax Ordinance 1984 may be relevant. The registrar of joint stock, the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) and the sector-specific regulatory body will have a role to play in approving a merger. More importantly, the M&A must be approved by the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh does not have any regulations that specifically apply to public M&A, except the 2002 BSEC Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers Regulations. The scope of this regulation is limited.
The Competition Act 2012 has been enacted and the government has declared the formation of a Competition Commission (CC). However, the government has not yet framed any rules and regulations concerning competition, including addressing M&A activity.
2.2 How, by whom, and by what measures, are takeover regulations (or equivalent) enforced?
The High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh sanctions the scheme of M&As and therefore enforces the law relating to M&A. The interested parties submit a petition under the Company Act 1994 for the sanction of the court, normally with the approval of the relevant sector regulator. In the case of a securities transaction, the BSEC has the power to raise an objection regarding the effect of a merger. Once the CC becomes fully functional, every M&A deal will be subject to its approval.
3.1 What are the basic structures for friendly and hostile acquisitions?
The structure normally involves the acquisition of stock or assets of the target company. The entities may decide to merge with each other to expand their operations.
3.2 What determines the choice of structure, including in the case of a cross-border deal?
Generally, operational considerations, including control over a particular corporation or its shareholders, and tax implications will be determining factors in deciding the structure. If the entities would like to minimise their operational cost, while at the same time expanding their business and revenue, a merger may be considered.
The need for approval from relevant government authorities, as well as the time a particular transaction may take would also be considered when determining the structure.
3.3 How quickly can a bidder complete an acquisition? How long is the deal open to competing bids?
The timeline of acquisitions varies and it is difficult to state a precise period for the completion of an acquisition. However, under the Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers Regulations 2002, a proposal for acquisition cannot be withdrawn except in certain situations. Also, tender offers must be published through an investment bank within three days of deciding on the acquisition of shares. The acquisition proposal is valid for at least four weeks. The entire acquisition process has to be completed, including payment, within four weeks.
3.4 Are there restrictions on the price offered or its form (cash or shares)?
Yes, the price that has to be paid depends on whether the acquisition of shares is made from the stock exchange or otherwise. For a share acquisition not from the stock exchange, the price offered must be the highest market price at the stock exchange at the negotiated lowest rate or the average price of the shares in the last six calendar months preceding the share acquisition proposal, whichever is higher.
For an acquisition of shares from the stock exchange, the highest market price at the stock exchange or the average weekly market price in the last six calendar months preceding the share acquisition proposal, whichever is higher. If the shares to be acquired have not been traded on the stock exchange for more than six months, the price is determined through negotiation.
According to the Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers Regulations 2002, the price offered may take the form of cash, share or a combination of them or any other form as accepted by the vendor.
3.5 What level of acceptance/ownership and other conditions determine whether the acquisition proceeds and can satisfactorily squeeze out or otherwise eliminate minority shareholders?
According to the Company Act 1994, if a majority representing three-quarters in value of creditors or members that are present in the meeting agree to the merger, then it is binding on everyone after being sanctioned by the High Court. The transferee company may, at any time within 60 days after expiration of 120 days after the offer is made, give notice to any dissenting shareholder that it desires to acquire his shares.
3.6 Do minority shareholders enjoy protections against the payment of control premiums, other preferential pricing for selected shareholders, and partial acquisitions, for example by mandatory offer requirements, ownership disclosure obligations and a best price/all holders rule?
In the course of acquiring shares, if the amount of shares held by the public is reduced to less than 10%, then if those shares are offered for sale, the purchaser must take over those shares. Moreover, if it is stated in the contract deed or memorandum of understanding that price must be paid in cash to one class of shareholders, the rest of the shareholders are entitled to receive the cash.
3.7 To what extent can buyers make conditional offers, for example subject to financing, absence of material adverse changes or truth of representations? Are bank guarantees or certain funding of the purchase price required?
A tender offer notice must be published expressing the interest to acquire shares. The proposal may be subject to the following conditions: that the buyers can make conditional offers such as that of taking approval from the shareholders of the company, if applicable; any condition imposed by legislation; any information necessary in the public interest and related to a substantial acquisition of shares.
4.1 What are the basic tax considerations and trade-offs?
The tax laws in Bangladesh are silent on the tax implications of the M&As. The key issue is whether the transaction is essentially a transfer of assets, in which case the tax on capital gain may be imposed. In the case of a share acquisition by purchase or subscription, stamp duty and value-added tax (VAT) may be applicable. The question of tax implications, however, cannot be precisely laid down in the case of M&A in the absence of any laws and/or rules dealing solely with mergers.
4.2 Are there special considerations in cross-border deals?
Parties may wish to consider whether Bangladesh has an avoidance of double taxation treaty with the `foreign country wherein one of the merged entities is registered.
5.1 What are the most important forms of anti-takeover defences and are there any restrictions on their use?
Most M&As in Bangladesh are friendly, rather than hostile. Companies are often willing to transfer or acquire shares. However, a merger may be prevented on the grounds specified in the Competition Act 2012.
5.2 How do targets use anti-takeover defences?
5.3 Is a target required to provide due diligence information to a potential bidder?
There is no legal obligation to provide due diligence information to a potential bidder. Nonetheless, it is industry practice to provide due diligence information to a potential bidder.
5.4 How do bidders overcome anti-takeover defences?
5.5 Are there many examples of successful hostile acquisitions?
6.1 What are the main ways for a friendly bidder and target to protect a friendly deal from a hostile interloper?
The law does not specifically set out the ways for a friendly bidder and target to protect a friendly deal from a hostile interloper.
6.2 To what extent are deal protections prevented, for example by restrictions on impediments to competing bidders, break fees or lock-up agreements?
The competing bidder must submit its offer within two weeks of the publication of tender offer notice.
7.1 What are the antitrust notification thresholds in your jurisdiction?
There is no specific threshold for antitrust notification. However, it is a requirement under section 21 of the Competition Act 2012 that a merger that adversely affects competition in the market is restricted unless approved by the CC. The CC has not been formed yet and the rules are yet to be framed.
7.2 When will transactions falling below those thresholds be investigated?
7.3 Is an antitrust notification filing mandatory or voluntary?
It is hoped that once the rules come into existence, it will be possible to provide a precise answer as to whether antitrust notification filing is mandatory or voluntary.
7.4 What are the deadlines for filing, and what are the penalties for not filing?
7.5 How long are the anti-trust review periods?
If aggrieved by any order of the CC, any person (including a company) may apply in prescribed form and fees to review the order within 30 days.
7.6 At what level does your antitrust authority have jurisdiction to review and impose penalties for failure to notify deals that do not have local competition effect?
The CC will not approve any M&A that adversely affects competition. Moreover, it has jurisdiction over corporations or persons residing outside Bangladesh so long as the anti-competitive activity is taking place in Bangladesh. In investigating such a case the CC shall take into account the laws of both countries, i.e. where the activity is taking place and where the anti-competitive corporation or person resides or is registered.
7.7 What other regulatory or related obstacles do bidders face, including national security or protected industry review, foreign ownership restrictions, employment regulation and other governmental regulation?
There does not appear to be any restriction on foreign ownership. However, as for foreign companies, when approval from the Board of Investment is taken, there may be a restriction on the ratio of employees being appointed as foreign and local employees.
8.1 What is the applicable anti-corruption legislation in your jurisdiction?
The anti-corruption legislation includes the Anti Corruption Commission Act 2004 and the Money Laundering Prevention Acts 2012.
8.2 What are the potential sanctions and how stringently have they been enforced?
The anti-corruption regime is overseen by the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bangladesh and the laws are strictly enforced. For activities found to be corrupt under the legislation, in certain cases, imprisonment could be the sanction if the offence is proven.
9.1 Are there any other material issues in your jurisdiction that might affect a public M&A transaction?
Kazi Ershadul Alam is an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh and frequently keeps submission before the Company, Writ and Admiralty benches of the High Court Division. He specialises in corporate law, corporate finance, and M&A. His expertise also extends to joint ventures, demergers, private equity transactions. He has advised a wide range of clients and is considered to be one of the most promising lawyers in the fields. He is part of the legal team on the merger of mobile operators Robi and Airtel in Bangladesh. He has also worked on several other high-value M&As including the takeover of GrameenPhone IT by Accenture.
Ershadul Alam is a barrister of Lincoln's Inn, and he holds a graduate diploma in law.
He also holds an honours degree in computing and information systems from the University of London, and a master of business administration from Dhaka University.
A senior associate of the law firm, his areas of practice include: corporate matters; judicial review; commercial law; arbitration; telecommunication; intellectual property and information and communication technology law.
Imran Anwar, an associate of the firm, has experience in drafting legal agreements, opinions and petitions on various legal issues. He is particularly interested in corporate M&A, private equity law, arbitration, intellectual property, procurement and financial laws.
He holds an LLM in international commercial law with a distinction from the University of Nottingham. During his LLM, he was a participant at the 22nd Willem C Vis Arbitration Moot in Vienna, Austria and received the best participant award for the LLM international and comparative copyright law module. He completed his LLB at the University of London and was called to the Bar of England and Wales from Lincoln's Inn in 2013, following completion of a postgraduate diploma in legal practice at Manchester Metropolitan University.


This home is being sold "AS IS". Seller not responsible for any upgrades or repairs, seller is anxious to sell. This 3 bedroom, 2 bath home with split floor plan is located on a quiet cul-de-sac street in popular Victoria Park. Home includes family room, living room, spacious laundry room, screened lanai, 2 car garage, and beautifully manicured lawn. The newly remodeled kitchen includes new stainless steel appliances. The following have been replaced and/or updated withing the past 1.5 years: tile floors, both bathrooms and whole house painting. This home offers an indoor laundry with washer and dryer that are 2 years old. Great location and in close proximity to beach, retail shops and I-75. Excellent school district of Pelican Marsh Elementary, North Naples Middle & Barron Collier High.
With new floors in the living areas, new screen and brick paver entrance and updated kitchen and bathrooms, this 3/2 located on one of the coveted back cul-de-sacs in Victoria Park -Naples Best Family Neighborhood- is move in ready and priced to sell! The home has a newer A/C, with an irrigation well and an oversized yard. The community is served by schools with the highest ratings in the Collier County School District and enjoys low HOA dues of only $550/year with a heated pool, lighted tennis courts, basketball, racquetball and playground. Call soon to schedule a private showing.
You will be greeted with high ceilings and lots of open space as you enter this beautiful Victoria Park home located a very short distance from the community park. Tile floors throughout will lead you into a spacious master bedroom with an attached bonus room that could be an office, a den or an infant bedroom. Stainless steel appliances and Kraftmaid cabinets with sliding pull-out shelving highlight the centrally located kitchen that opens to both the living room and family room. The family room is flooded with natural light from multiple tubular skylights and an over-sized sliding glass door to the screened lanai. The lanai is over 40 ft. long with lots of space for outdoor entertaining by the fireplace. The home also offers a metal roof, an irrigation well and new paint, all in Naples Best Family Neighborhood with low HOA dues and top rated schools.
This beautiful 1842 sq. ft. custom built home is updated throughout with impact glass and has a newer roof and A/C with lots of extra space that make it live like a four bedroom home. With an open kitchen featuring updated cabinetry, faux-walnut ceramic tile floors throughout the living area, crown molding and updated bathrooms, the home is move-in ready. The property features diverse and thriving landscape with a very spacious and private back yard, all of which is irrigated economically with a private well. The oversized two-car garage has built-in cabinetry for additional storage as well as an epoxyed floor. The home sits on a quiet cul-de-sac in Victoria Park, Naples Best Family Neighborhood, just a short walk from the community park with heated pool, lighted tennis, racquetball & play ground and the neighborhood has low HOA dues of only $550/yr while being served by K - 12 schools with the highest ratings in the Collier County School District. Call soon to schedule a showing!
H.13467 - Get ready to fall in love at first sight with this updated and well-maintained home! Victoria Park offers an awesome location in North Naples that is convenient to top-rated schools, restaurants, stores and more. The open plan creates a sense of space and connectedness with your family. A large den is perfect for a home office or as an additional bedroom. Spacious bedrooms, loads of closet & storage space, plus the convenience of tile throughout make this an easy home to love. Add your design and decorating touches to a home that has remodeled kitchen and bathrooms. The big stuff has been done including a new roof in 2011. The mature landscaping and a beautiful green lawn will make you feel at home every time you pull into the drive and all irrigated by well water. You'll also appreciate living on a very private lot with plenty of room to add a pool, spa, and deck. The neighborhood is well-known for having friendly neighbors and legendary holiday displays.
The Seller of this beautiful home is a custom home builder that TOTALLY renovated the entire home upon his purchase in 2011. The home was stripped to the studs along with new and reinforced roof trusses. He added significant living space along with a flat tile roof, impact windows, new A/C and duct work, new floors, new kitchen, and all fixtures and appliances! The home sits near the back of Victoria Park - Naples' Best Family Neighborhood - and offers high ceilings, tile & wood floors and a huge screened lanai that looks out to the very private back yard area. The neighborhood park has lighted tennis courts, a heated pool, play area and basketball court with low annual HOA dues of only $550 and is served by schools with the highest ratings in the Collier County School District. First showings on April 14 from 1 - 4 p.m., please stop by and say hi!
Located on one of the most desirable lakefront lots on a cul-de-sac in Naples' Best Family Neighborhood, this beautiful 3 bd/2 bth home features porcelain tile and natural slate floors throughout, updated kitchen with custom cabinets, granite counters & stainless steel appliances, updated bathrooms, newer A/C and ductwork with blown foam insulation, wainscoting and crown molding. The exterior is freshly painted and sits on a huge lot with a variety of fruit trees, an irrigation well, and an oversized lanai with natural slate tile floor and breathtaking views of Lake Victoria. The home has a recently updated HVAC with new duct work and sprayed foam insulation, plantation shutters, a tool shed and storm shutters. There are even custom kayak racks for the adults and a jungle gym for the kids. The neighborhood offers a heated pool, lighted tennis courts, play area and basketball for low HOA dues of only $550/year and is served by schools with the highest rankings in the Collier County School District.
Spacious Victoria Park home nestled in the rear of the community for the utmost in privacy. This 4 bedroom, 2.5 bath property offers 2990 SF under air and is situated on an oversize cul-de-sac lot that's almost all back yard. The kitchen and great room are the heart of this home and they boast vaulted ceilings and a huge open area perfect for entertaining both friends and family. The master bedroom is a perfect retreat complete with separate sitting area that has private access to the outdoor spa. Throughout the interior of the property you will find flush mounted speaker systems with surround sound speakers in the Great Room and the Master Bedroom. Home is pre-wired for 8 security cameras, has a Lutron Caseta Lighting System and all the bedrooms offer Lutron Shades. Except for one bedroom, the interior walls, ceiling & trim were just re-painted. The family room carpet was just replaced. The HUGE backyard offers multiple fruit trees including Avocado (both haas and FL), Myer lemon and a Persian lime tree. Victoria Park is located only moments away from the best schools, shopping, dining and entertainment so this home really does offer it all. Schedule your showing today!!
Perfectly situated in the highly sought-after Victoria Park community, this lakefront home sits on a cul-de-sac and features 3 bedrooms, 3 full bathrooms, vaulted ceilings, huge outdoor living area, unobstructed lake views, pool, spa, and so much more. Located in an A rated school district, this family neighborhood has amenities including a community pool, fishing pier, play area, basketball, tennis, and racquetball courts. Close to Naples sandy beaches, shopping, and dining do not let this opportunity pass by.


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Gl.Holtegaard: Peter Holst Henckel "Paradise Revisited"
Holte, Denmark February 1 - April 22, 2019
Peter Holst Henckel, 'Denmark Revisited'. (2019)
The Danish artist Peter Holst Henckel presents his largest solo exhibition of new photographic and video works to date at Gammel Holtegaard. Under an aesthetically seductive surface of exotic palms, gossamer butterflies and sublime scenery, the artist addresses contemporary political, cultural and social issues.
In the solo exhibition Paradise Revisited, Danish artist Peter Holst Henckel (b. 1966) subjects the concept of the best of all possible worlds to rigorous scrutiny. In a spatial installation set against the historical backdrop of Gammel Holtegaard, he stages puzzling and disturbing encounters between life and death, order and chaos, and beauty and horror.
Paradise is a symbol of the perfect, harmonic world. Holst Henckel explores the concept as a mythical and religious idea, but also as a contemporary dream of the ideal society, sustainable ecology, and personal happiness.
Like any utopia, this elevated and idyllic state necessarily calls for counterimages and questions on borders and exclusion. Revisiting the concept embodies the challenge of going beyond the polished surface to detect – and perhaps debate – the complex and brutal.
Peter Holst Henckel's solo exhibition Paradise Revisited casts new light on Gammel Holtegaard's late Baroque manor and grounds, continuing the gallery's endeavour to present mutual and fruitful interactions between art and the gallery's historical surroundings.
Several of the works in the exhibition refer directly to the architecture and spirit of Gammel Holtegaard, for example in the form of new windows providing a different view from the central room opening onto the garden. Some of the works submitted to the existing order, whilst others resist it and form their own (dis)order.
Holst Henckel's universe is aesthetically seductive. Visual effects familiar from the worlds of media and advertising draw our attention, but under the poetic surface lurks a double vision, adding ambiguity and often political and ominous layers of meaning to his works.
The artist consistently raises existential questions that make us think about our view of the world, as well as poking holes in the boundaries between the real and the imaginary – and Holst Henckel's total installation Paradise Revisited at Gammel Holtegaard is no exception.
Peter Holst Henckel (b. 1966) graduated from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1992 and has exhibited widely in both Denmark and abroad, for example at BRANDTS Museum of Art and Visual Culture, Horsens Art Museum, Kunsten Museum of Modern Art Aalborg, HEART Museum of Contemporary Art, and Malmö Konsthall. His works are in the collections of museums throughout Denmark. Holst Henckel has completed numerous site-specific commissions in Denmark, including for the Royal Danish Playhouse in Copenhagen, the Carlsberg Museum, the University of Copenhagen, the Royal Danish Defence College, and several Danish schools and high schools. In 2009 he was awarded the prestigious Eckersberg Medal for artists who have made an artistic contribution of the high
The exhibition Paradise Revisited is accompanied by a diverse programme of events under the title Visions of Paradise. The programme includes a series of talks with the Danish author Theis Ørntoft, Professor of Anthropology Nils Bubandt, editor and art historian Cecilie Høgsbro Østergaard, as well as Holst Henckel himself. Each of them will explore views of paradise from different angles, and locate it in a contemporary context. There will also be workshops for adults and children in the school holidays, and Art & Garden Walks during the entire run of the exhibition. All events are in Danish.
Gl.Holtegaard, Attemosevej 170, 2840 Holte | Denmark
http://rudersdal.dk
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Key to long term sustainability is engaging communities from the early phases of project planning and design, throughout the implementation phases, and eventual evaluation of impact.
Our staff have advised and supported communities, local governments and local technical consultants in planning and implementation projects using various methods, including: participatory prioritization and planning meetings, identification and selection of Community Access projects, local infrastructure and site assessments, and establishment of local user-group committees; conducted training needs assessment, developed training packages and carried out trainings and workshops for district and Sub-County officials.
We have also reviewed M&E frameworks (including outputs, indicators, MOV and assumption) and ensured regular monitoring and evaluation of program activities. These range from development of databases that promote accurate data collection from community to district to national levels.
These range from development of databases that promote accurate data collection from community to district to national levels.
We design and conduct socio-economic baseline studies in rural areas, liaising with affected communities and other stakeholders in the overall planning, management and implementation of activities, including monitoring progress, compilation and analysis of data and stakeholder coordination.
Our staff have implemented assignments that engaged rural communities in Niger, Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, and Mozambique, with funding from USAID and DANIDA. We have also engaged urban communities in the suburbs of Nairobi, Kenya to share their thoughts on important aspects of HIV prevention for the youth.


What comprises the Definitive Core of BPM?
However, I've been longing to post some quick ones… really quick ones. Not even as long as this – Avalanche Marketing – Groupthink in Action – or even this – Case v/s Process – Not about Architecture & Tools, It's Culture.
Now, what should I write about right now?!
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Scientists Make An Unsettling Discovery While Investigating the Notre-Dame Fire
The Notre-Dame de Paris is one of the most iconic buildings in the Western world. The cathedral, considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture, is home to numerous sculptures and other works of art that are some of the most famous in Paris.
CHRISTOPHE PETIT TESSON/AFP via Getty Images
On the 15th of April, 2019, Parisians watched in horror as flames engulfed the cathedral's roof. Guards swiftly evacuated the building, and hundreds of firefighters were sent to put out the fire. As experts scrambled to determine the cause of the fire, they also made some interesting discoveries. Read on as we uncover some truths about the Notre-Dame de Paris.
The Cathedral's Neighborhood
The Notre-Dame de Paris is located on Île de la Cité, an island in the River Seine in the middle of Paris. The island was the site of the fortress of the Roman governor in the 4th century and was an important religious center in the 12th century.
Liebe007/Getty Images
These days, locals and tourists alike flock to this island to take a stroll along the banks of the River Seine, enjoy the scenery, and admire the landmarks and monuments that can be found here.
Dame De Coeur
The Notre-Dame Cathedral is an important landmark that carries quite the iconic legacy. From October 18 to 25, 2018, visitors gathered at the cathedral's courtyard to watch the Dame de Coeur, a light and sound show featuring more than 80 projectors placed in and around the cathedral.
Chesnot/Getty Images
Screenwriter and director Bruno Seillier was the creative genius behind the magnificent spectacle. The 25-minute show tells the story of a French nurse and an injured American soldier in World War I who fears dying before seeing the famed cathedral. To soothe him, the nurse tells him about the cathedral's 850-year legacy.
View From Afar
It's magical to see the Notre-Dame de Paris up close, but have you tried seeing it from afar? The cathedral's imposing structure and stained glass windows make it a truly stunning sight to behold.
Olivier Reynes Photography/Getty Images
You can appreciate this building's beauty even more when you consider its surroundings. The sight of the imposing structure surrounded by trees and the picturesque River Seine brings to mind feelings of peace and tranquility.
If you think the Notre-Dame de Paris looks beautiful from the outside, wait till you see what's inside! The cathedral's stone vaulted ceiling is designed to draw visitors' gaze towards heaven. The rest of the cathedral's interior, meanwhile, was built using priceless materials, with brilliant designs that are almost impossible to recreate.
Guido Cozzi/Atlantide Phototravel/Getty Images
The cathedral, a dedication to the Virgin Mary, can accommodate thousands of visitors at a time. Around 12 million people visit Notre-Dame every year, making it one of the most-visited landmarks in Paris. Who would have thought that this masterpiece would fall victim to a fire?
A Devastating Moment
The fire that largely destroyed the Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the country's most iconic landmarks, was indeed a tragedy. Hundreds of firefighters from Paris and the surrounding areas were dispatched to help extinguish the fire which lasted for 15 hours.
Veronique de Viguerie/Getty Images
The blaze left behind a ruin of scorched wood and melted lead. The cathedral, considered to be one of France's greatest national treasures, had become a shadow of its former self. Aside from the structure itself, the fire also damaged paintings, sculptures, stained glass windows, and other precious artifacts inside the cathedral.
The Mays of Notre-Dame
Aside from Notre-Dame itself, the so-called "Mays" of Notre-Dame are some of the most intriguing attractions in Paris. The Mays are several paintings that were gifted to Notre-Dame in the 17th and 18th centuries. These paintings are displayed throughout the cathedral.
Charles Poerson
One such painting is the La prédication de Saint Pierre à Jérusalem (The Preaching of Saint Peter in Jerusalem) by Chalres Poerson. Fortunately, its location prevented it from being heavily damaged by the fire, though some restoration work was still needed.
The Aftermath of the Fire
Following the fire, everyone's focus shifted towards rebuilding the cathedral and restoring the works of art that were housed in the building. The cathedral, after all, had been an important symbol of the French capital for centuries.
no_limit_pictures/Getty Images
Of course, one question that needed to be asked was: what caused the fire? Some believe that it was caused by an explosion, while others suspect that the fire was caused by a discarded cigarette butt. Not long after the fire, investigators set to work to find out the truth.
Restoring Notre-Dame
Not long after the fire, a team of scientists at France's Laboratoire de recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH) began assessing the damage. Clad in helmets and other protective gear, the team set out to examine the extent of the damage so they could plan the cathedral's restoration accordingly.
STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN/AFP via Getty Images
The LRMH team knew that rebuilding the cathedral would be a gargantuan task. After inspecting the ruins, the team came together to decide how they would go about the reconstruction. One suggestion was to combine old elements of the cathedral that had survived with newly-constructed ones, a symbolic way of looking back while looking towards the future.
A Horrifying Sight
The fire on the 15th of April, 2019 caught Parisians off guard. They never could have ever imagined that one of their city's most famous landmarks would be destroyed in a matter of hours.
Aziz Ary Neto/Getty Images
For those who had been tasked with looking after the cathedral, however, this was a disaster waiting to happen. Parts of the cathedral dated back to the 12th century and were in desperate need of repair. The cathedral's caretakers could only watch in horror as the very thing they had feared unfolded before their eyes.
Notre-Dame's Spire
The cathedral's iconic spire symbolizes the church's role as a beacon of faith and guidance. With a height of 96 meters (315 feet), the spire towers high above the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood.
GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT/AFP via Getty Images
Tragically, the spire collapsed during the fire. It also caused further damage to other parts of the cathedral as it came tumbling down. The spire's oak beams, which date back to the 13th century, had largely dried out by then, posing a fire risk.
A Heartbreaking Loss
The sight of the centuries-old Notre-Dame in flames broke the hearts of millions around the world. Not long after the fire was finally put out, organizations and individuals worldwide began offering to help reconstruct the cathedral and restore the precious artworks and artifacts that were damaged.
Malcolm P Chapman/Getty Images
French President Emmanuel Macron launched an international fundraising campaign on the night of the fire. Bernard Arnault, a French businessman, donated $200 million. A year after the fire, Germany offered the services of three skilled tradesmen to help restore some of the cathedral's large clerestory windows.
How the Fire Started
The fire broke out at 6:18 PM in the attic located beneath the cathedral's roof. Two minutes later, the fire alarm sounded, which prompted guards to evacuate the cathedral. One guard was sent to investigate the fire but ended up in the wrong location.
Hans Zimmermann/Getty Images
It would take several more minutes before this error was discovered. By the time the guard managed to reach the cathedral's attic, the fire had already spread. The fire brigade was notified of the blaze at 6:51 PM, and the first firefighters arrived at the scene ten minutes later.
Dousing the Flames
To minimize the potential damage to the cathedral, firefighters doused the flames from inside the structure. Applying water from outside would have been safer for the personnel, but this carried the risk of deflecting flames and hot gases inwards.
Stephan Loeber-Bottero/EyeEm/Getty Images
The fire brigade also thought it would be best not to use aerial firefighting since water dropped from heights could cause structural damage. Deluge guns were used but at a much lower pressure than usual.
Statues on the Roof
Just days before the tragic fire, sixteen statues on Notre-Dame's roof were taken down as part of the ongoing renovation works at the cathedral. Statues depicting the Twelve Apostles and four New Testament evangelists were being kept in a warehouse in southwestern France for cleaning.
ChiccoDodiFC/Getty Images
Unfortunately, not all statues on the cathedral's roof were spared. A copper rooster that topped the spire, for instance, was found amidst the rubble a few days after the fire. The rooster contained numerous relics, including one of 70 thorns on the crown of thorns worn by Jesus Christ.
The Gargoyles
Even if you've never visited Notre-Dame yourself, you've probably heard of its famous gargoyles. The cathedral's gargoyles aren't just decorative statues – they also protect the cathedral from damage caused by rainwater by redirecting rainfall away from the rooftop.
MarkSkalny/Getty Images
Unfortunately, many of Notre-Dame's Gargoyles were heavily damaged by the fire. In April of 2021, a nonprofit organization called the Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris launched a fundraising scheme that would allow people to sponsor the restoration of specific artworks, artifacts, and gargoyles that were destroyed in the blaze.
The Sacristy
The sacristy is where many of the Notre-Dame de Paris's treasures are stored. It is also where priests prepare for celebrations and services. The sacristy, located adjacent to the cathedral, was built on the site of a chapel built in 528 AD by the Merovingian King Childebert.
Michelle Reynolds/Getty Images
The relics and other items that were stored in the sacristy were largely undamaged by the fire. Some of these include precious materials used in the liturgy: gold, silver, textiles, and rare adornments, as well as the altar table.
Watching the Disaster Unfold
One of the first eyewitness reports of the fire came from Twitter user @khentekas who tweeted a video of black smoke billowing out of Notre-Dame. As word of the fire began to spread, newsrooms scrambled to send reporters to the scene.
FRANCOIS GUILLOT/AFP via Getty Images)
Parisians, meanwhile, gathered in nearby plazas and street corners. Some were taking photos and videos of the fire, while others called their loved ones. As news outlets around the world showed live footage of the fire, people began sharing photos of their past visits to Notre-Dame.
More than 400 firefighters from all over Paris and the surrounding areas took part in the battle to save Notre-Dame. Additionally, around 100 government workers and police officers formed a human chain to move precious objects to safety.
Benoît Moser/BSPP via Getty Images
According to Maxime Cumunel of the Observatory for Religious Heritage, around five to ten percent of the artwork and treasures inside the cathedral were destroyed. However, a lot more could have been destroyed if not for the heroic efforts of the rescue workers and all those who volunteered to help.
Honoring the Firefighters
Fortunately, no one was killed in the blaze. Cathedral guards swiftly evacuated those who were inside Notre-Dame as soon as the alarms sounded, and firefighters were quick to clear the area when they arrived. However, three emergency workers suffered non-fatal injuries while putting out the fire.
Erika Parfenova/Getty Images
Days after the fire, Michel Aupetit, the Archbishop of Paris, honored the firefighters during Sunday Mass at Saint-Eustache Church. He also handed them a book of scriptures that was saved from the fire. President Macron, meanwhile, invited firefighters to a special gathering at the Élysée presidential palace to share "words of thanks."
After the Fire
When the sun rose the next morning, the extent of the damage caused by the fire became clear. Two-thirds of the cathedral's roof was destroyed, while its 19th-century spire had disappeared. Piles of debris were scattered around the cathedral, and the smell of smoke hung in the air.
Laura Kalcheff/Getty Images
Following the fire, President Macron announced that the iconic cathedral would be rebuilt in time for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Some architects, however, said that rebuilding the church could take as much as 20 to 40 years given the amount of work that needed to be done.
World Leaders Weigh In
World leaders offered their condolences to President Macron and the people of France in the days and weeks following the fire. Prince Charles called the cathedral a "treasure for all mankind," while Queen Elizabeth II expressed her admiration for the firefighters who risked their lives to save one of France's most important monuments.
View Stock/Getty Images
South Korea's president Moon Jae In sent a telegram to President Macron to express his deep regret over the damage caused by the fire. On his Twitter account, he described the cathedral as "a very important treasure of humanity" and said that the tragedy was "a loss for people all over the world."
Preventing Further Destruction
As the world mourned Notre-Dame's destruction, the LRMH team led by Aline Magnien headed to Notre-Dame to inspect the cathedral's ruins. Upon seeing the cathedral's condition, they knew that their first task would be to prevent any additional destruction from happening.
From the very beginning, the LRMH team knew they would face many roadblocks. For instance, the team struggled to reach Notre-Dame's damaged stonework. To do this, they needed to climb onto the top of the vault. However, doing so could potentially cause the entire structure to collapse.
Inspecting the Ruins
To figure out how unstable the cathedral's ruins were, the LRMH team looked at the color of the stonework. According to experts, the colors of the individual stones change depending on the temperature they had been exposed to.
When exposed to temperatures between 570°F and 750°F, the iron inside would decompose and leave behind a layer of red. As the temperature rises, the color would become darker and darker. At 1,500°F, the stones turn to powder. This was how researchers determined how sturdy individual stones were.
More Problems
Another problem for researchers is the amount of water that managed to make its way into the cathedral. Firefighters tried their best not to aim their water jets at the stained glass windows, but they could not do the same to the vaulted ceiling and limestone walls as these were heavily affected by the fire.
LIONEL BONAVENTURE/AFP via Getty Images
As the ceiling and limestone walls absorbed the water, their weight drastically increased. The water in the stones would also expand and contract depending on the temperature, which put the ruins at greater risk of collapse. Even a year after the fire, the water still hadn't completely dried out.
The Stained Glass Windows
The Notre-Dame has several stained glass windows, but its most famous ones are the three rose windows that date back to the 13th century. The west rose window was made in 1225, while the north rose window was created in 1250. The south rose window was made ten years later.
Godong/Getty Images
When researchers took a closer look at the cathedral's stained glass window, they discovered that the lead joints of some of the 19th-century windows had melted. However, the three rose windows survived the blaze. Another window, meanwhile, was weakened and had to be dismantled for safekeeping.
The North Rose Window
The Notre-Dame's north rose window is one of the most striking features of the cathedral's facade. The rose window, designed by Jean de Chelles, tells the story of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Christ.
AnkNet/Getty Images
The mother and child are surrounded by doves and angels. These are then encircled by 12 prophets, who are in turn encircled by 12 flowers (fleur-de-lis), the symbol of both France and the Virgin Mary. The outer layer then shows 12 more prophets.
On the 16th of April, 2019, the Paris prosecutor ruled out the possibility that the fire was a deliberate act. The cathedral had been under renovation at the time, and investigators believe this may have increased the risk of fire due to short circuits, sparks, and heat from welding.
The firms working on the cathedral's restoration were then questioned by authorities during the investigation. One company whose employees were the only ones working on the day of the fire said that no soldering or welding was going on before the fire.
The Cause of the Fire
After cigarette butts were found on the scaffolding, investigators began considering the possibility that the fire was caused by a cigarette. Another firm working on the restoration admitted that some of its employees had smoked cigarettes while working, but they denied that an improperly-discarded cigarette butt was what started the fire.
Daniele Schneider/Getty Images
By April of 2020, investigators were convinced that the fire could have been caused by either a cigarette or a short circuit in the electrical system. On the 15th of April, 2021 – the second anniversary of the fire – an inquiry into the blaze suggested that six electronic bells that had been installed in the spire may have short-circuited, starting the fire.
Contradicting Claims
After the fire, Parisians grew concerned that the lead from the cathedral's roof had contaminated the areas surrounding the cathedral. Aurélia Azéma, a section chief at LRMH, assured residents that the fire's temperature did not reach the temperature required to reduce the material to gas. Some experts who had inspected the ruins also claimed that most of the melted lead had also remained in the cathedral.
However, pictures and videos that were taken during the fire clearly showed a yellow haze forming over the cathedral. Other experts also refuted Azéma's claims, saying that the fire did exceed the temperature required for lead to combine with oxygen.
Lead Poisoning Fears
Between the contradicting claims and the evidence of the yellowing haze, the public became increasingly concerned about whether or not lead poisoning was a real worry in the areas around the cathedral.
Alexander Spatari/Getty Images
The Montmartre district is about six kilometers away from Notre-Dame. While there is no proof of lead contamination in this neighborhood, residents suspect that the Notre-Dame fire is to blame for the higher lead poisoning rates in the area.
Experts' Findings
Authorities did not test the areas around Notre-Dame for weeks. When they finally did, it was discovered that many buildings – including schools, police stations, and recreational areas – had significant levels of lead. In some cases, experts found traces of lead up to 70 times the recommended limit.
These findings alarmed many experts. Exposure to large quantities of lead can be toxic. It has also been linked to many physical, neurological, and behavioral issues, and is believed to cause infertility, seizures, and – in some cases – death.
Cover-up Allegations
As the experts' findings became known to the public, rumors of a cover-up by officials started circulating. The New York Times also published a report saying that authorities had known about the dangerous levels of lead released by Notre-Dame within a few days after the disaster, but did not act on it.
Robin Utrecht/Echoes Wire/Barcroft Media via Getty Images
A few months after the fire, representatives from Robin Hood, a French environmental organization, announced that experts found traces of lead 20 times the recommended limit at a residential building one mile away from Notre-Dame. At that point, it had become clear that this was a much bigger issue than anyone had thought.
More Startling Revelations
Naturally, traces of lead would also be found throughout the cathedral itself, including inside the pipes of an organ. The LRMH also tested surfaces made from oak and other materials and found traces of lead up to 70 times the recommended limit.
OnickzArtworks/Getty Images
Following this discovery, those working in the cathedral were now required to wear protective clothing at all times. They also had to submit to meticulous decontamination procedures. Researchers were also now only allowed to stay inside the cathedral for up to two and a half hours, and they must throw away any disposable garments after leaving the premises.
However, some experts suspect that toxic lead might have been leaking from Notre-Dame for hundreds of years. It is believed that the rain may have washed toxic lead from the roof into the River Seine, contaminating large sections of Paris and the surrounding regions.
Furthermore, scientists are also looking into the possibility that there may be other factors affecting the lead levels throughout Paris, including toxic paint and gasoline. In an interview, scientist Sophie Ayrault said that she plans to compare lead samples taken at the cathedral and in other parts of the city to determine how much of it could be traced to the 2019 fire.
Looking Towards the Future
In the meantime, the LRMH team has been trying to figure out ways to remove any traces of lead from Notre-Dame. Some of their proposed solutions include deploying lasers to cleanse the cathedral's stone walls or using a dough-like material to extract the lead. Véronique Vergès-Belmin of the LRMH, however, believes that the process will likely require them to try a series of different techniques.
The LRMH team remains optimistic that Notre-Dame will be restored to its former glory. President Macron, meanwhile, believes that the cathedral will be rebuilt "more beautiful than before." However, if it can be proven that lead from the cathedral had been contaminating parks and schools in Paris for hundreds of years, then its legacy may be forever tainted.
Tuileries Garden
Tuileries Garden, located not too far away from Notre-Dame, is a popular stopover point for tourists traveling to and from the cathedral. The park was created in 1564 as the garden of the Tuileries Palace before eventually becoming a public park after the French Revolution. The park, considered by many as one of the most beautiful in Paris, attracts thousands of visitors daily.
Just like the Notre-Dame de Paris, the Tuileries Garden features several sculptures. Some of the notable sculptures at the park include Theseus and the Minotaur by Jules Ramey (1821), Nymphe by Louis Auguste Lévêque (1866), and Le Baiser (The Kiss) by Auguste Rodin (1882). Could this beautiful garden also be a victim of high lead level?
The Komsomolets
The Notre-Dame de Paris isn't the only entity from which hazardous chemicals may be leaking. The Soviet nuclear submarine Komsomolets sank to the bottom of the Barents Sea in April of 1989. The submarine, according to experts, has the potential to spill lethal pollution into the Barents Sea.
Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (IMR) via Twitter/Pedro Simoes
The Komsomolets, a state-of-the-art Project 685 Plavnik submarine, had been carrying out its duties underwater for more than a month when disaster struck. A huge fire had broken out inside the sub, causing electrical problems. 27 crew members who used an escape capsule survived, but the remaining 42 on board were killed.
Contamination Concerns From The Cold War
The Komsomolets disaster happened during the Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies. The Komsomolets was a key part of the nuclear arms race that developed between the bitter rivals.
USN official photo #199068
The year that the sub was launched, nuclear submarines had been a weapon of choice by both the Soviets and the Americans in the Cold War. However, it was the Americans who first successfully developed submarines powered by nuclear reactors. A researcher at the US Naval Research Laboratory named Ross Gunn worked on the concept as far back as 1939.
Future Risks
The Komsomolets had been carrying two nuclear weapons containing plutonium when it sunk. Aside from that, there was also the nuclear reactor that powered the sub. After the disaster, the Soviet Union came under intense pressure to recover the hazardous materials from the wreckage. The Soviets, however, maintained that the risk of radioactive material damaging the ocean was minimal.
Tatiana Bashinskaya
In 1994, it was discovered that plutonium had leaked out through cracks on the sub's hull. It would take about two years before this issue would be resolved. Another expedition to the wreckage in 2019 found that there was still little danger of contamination. Similar to the Notre-Dame lead concern, further tests will be needed to monitor the true risk level.
Notre-Dame and The Komosomolet
The high lead levels from the Notre-Dame fire and the plutonium contamination from the Komosomolet both serve as warnings of how hazardous chemicals from the past may accidentally be released around civilization. What does this mean for the future?
Julien FROMENTIN/Getty Images
We must be more environmentally conscious of what we build and create. Now is the time to find decontamination solutions to prevent such incidents from continuing in the future. Hopefully, with time and tests the LRMH team can rid the cathedral of lead and restore Notre-Dame to its proper glory.


A glacial world just outside the life zone, covered with massive ice sheets. Tall Pine Bios attempted to terraform it by setting up major greenhouse gas production facilities, hoping to warm it enough to melt the ice into oceans. This was the first attempt of the kind, unfortunately largely unsuccessful. The planet instead became the home to the cold-loving Ghauetti clade of tweaks and their symbiotic merenauts, living within vast biosphere caves dug under the ice. Over the millennia ecopoesis has produced a working glacial ecosystem rather than a terrestrial ecosystem.
Neodolphin interests settled Hwii in 1432 after the original Nanotech Window colonists had been found extinct. The Neodolphins generally explored and exploited the system, setting up some refuelling stations and amat farms in collaboration with Prometheus Inc, but mainly concentrated on Hwii. Zeta Tucanae IV, called Ihikkk/Snowwhite in SeaSpeak/Anglish, would perhaps be terraformable but the dolphs did not consider it prime territory or likely to succeed. Instead they sold the terraforming rights to Tall Pine Bios, in order to fund the further terraforming of Hwii. Formally they retained the ownership of 25% of the planet.
When Tall Pine Bios finally had to admit defeat after 500 years of terraforming attempts (they were later bought up by Birnam Ecotech), they sold their rights to the Ghauetti clade, who started to move in. The neodolphins did not like the situation, and tried to get rid of the tweaks through various economic and legal means, implying that the original deal now was void and the planet fully belonged to them. The Ghauetti, closely allied with some Empath clades, countered with a veritable legal army exploiting bizarre loopholes in interstellar contract law. In the end both sides settled for a solution saving the Dolphins' faces and avoiding having to deal with a local legal war. The dolphins gave Snowwhite independence in practice but formally it would be part of the Hwii-run "Zeta Tucanae Union".
The two worlds remained very disparate and their inhabitants seldom attempted to understand each other. However, both were interested in a shared interplanetary infrastructure and maybe the possibility for trade, so the Union slowly developed into an economic union. Over the millennia this union has persisted, a weak alliance mainly involved in questions of mutual trade, external politics (where Snowwhite largely let Hwii set the agenda) and access to the wormholes.


a handmade card with a poem,a girlfriend sent me undies in the post maybe too personal for business, bookmarker in the post.I love getting stuff in the post too so its my tradition to send postcards or handmade cards or little gifts to my friends even if i havent been outside the country.
Thanks Kizitta, I love the idea of an inspiration poem, bookmarks, and handmade cards. That's right up my alley!
Hmm, that's a bit tricky for me since I'm not a mail person but bright happy colors usually attracts my attention. Bright happy colors like purples, blues, pinks (especially in the mauve family), turquoise, greens, gold, etc. make me happy. I hope this helped.
I got a book that someone wanted me to review in the mail. That was pretty cool, because I didn't know I was well-known enough for someone to want me to review their book. It was a pretty interesting book, too. Double-Plus Good!
I thought of a book too. That's one I hadn't considered, getting someone's opinion and leveraging their expertise! Thanks for commenting. Miss you!
That totally helps. I was even thinking of a fun crossword puzzle/mind games book. Adding color would be a good idea!


Splendour Festival is less than 2 weeks away and we have some news to share with you all. Sadly Jess Glynne has confirmed that due to throat surgery she will be unable to perform at the 2015 Splendour Festival. We wish her all the best for a speedy recovery and she will be much missed at Splendour, however we are delighted to announce that Nottingham's very own star Indiana will be stepping into the breach to entertain what is certain to be a huge crowd.
Already booked to play several major festivals this summer and on the back of her recent Glastonbury set, Indiana is sure to be warmly received by her hometown crowd at Splendour.
The 20,000 strong audience can expect to hear hits such as Solo Dancing, one of the singles from her top 20 critically acclaimed album, No Romeo. It's full circle for the Long Eaton singer who first came to the public's attention after she took part in Splendour's Future Sound of Nottingham in 2012.
Indiana is a fitting addition to this year's Splendour line up – which has a notable history for showcasing the hottest local talent – following her major steps forward to national prominence with a huge show at Rock City earlier this year.
Full set times will be released next week with Indiana taking to the main stage before pop band Lawson, indie rockers James and two-tone legends The Specials who will bring the Festival to a close, while over on the Confetti Stage queens of pop Bananarama will be headlining.
Splendour 2019 just got bigger with over 20 new names added!


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Decades of experience with the Cold end have helped MSK to become one of the leading suppliers for pallet conveyor systems in glass plants. MSK provides the complete intra-logistics at the Cold End, including bottle conveyor systems from the lehrs to palletizing systems as well as pallet conveyors to the pallet warehouse.
The range of the pallet conveyor systems for the beverage industry embraces the entire conveyance system, from the palletizing station to the truck loading area. The MSK scope of performance also includes the pallet handling for packaging materials such as empty glass or PET bottles or boxes required for the production process.
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June 18, 2020, Blog
Players will love to start the game only when it has interesting twists and turns. Guys those who are looking out game which has unique characters will love the game that is showcased here. Pokeman black and white was launched few years back with a very good reception from all corners of the world and millions of people are playing this wonderful game even now. Playing this exotic game for hours will be a fun ride which cannot be explained in words. Use the password and enter the castle with bold heart only to meet dangerous creatures like fire spewing dragons and other exciting creatures. Players will have to run, jog, walk and do several acrobatic exercises when they travel down the chamber lanes. Hunt down the enemies like brock, misty, volkner and other dangerous vampires to reach the final chamber. The pokemon black rom is the one will be a truly majestic game which will captivate the hearts of the players. Start the journey from western side of Unova and meet the first rival cheren who will wait anxiously for the new player. This is not the end and the new players have to meet hundreds of unique characters before reaching the final level.
Players Will Be Battling Out With Several Cartoon Characters
Set the path with the destructive mind and face the odds with extreme confidence. Gym leader in the Aspertia city is waiting eagerly for the player and he will demonstrate his skills wonderfully with him. Players those who enter the city of aspertia have to acquire eight badges before they enter into the final one. The battle will reach its climax only when the players kill all the enemies during the journey. Start downloading the pokemon black romand play the game round the clock. This game is compatible with desktop computers and Smartphone devices.
June 9, 2020, Blog
Many people are interested to use car navigation system in their vehicle and it is used to locate particular location or destination for the users. This would be more helpful if the user is new to the city. This type of car navigation system will receive the signals from the satellite and identify the position of vehicle in a better way. The directions will be directed to the people with the help of combination of both data and information collected from various sensors. Such receiving of signals and detecting the location of vehicle will be obtained by global positioning system antenna and global positioning system receiver as well. The direction of the vehicle will be done with the help of its direction sensor in the car. There will be car navigation system screen in the display of car which would identify location of the destination in a better way.
Uses Of Databases In GPS System:
We need to map the database of locations collected in it and then we need to check the information which is collected from antenna and sensors. That information will be again mapped with database and will provide results on display of the car with the help of its car navigation system. Sensors used in the devices are direction and speed sensor. The mapping database is accessed with the help of SD card, HDD, DVD and CD ROM. In autoradio gps ford kuga, the car navigation system will be using four different databases in order to decide route for the driver by calculating distance between current location of the car and direction of the car. Those databases that are used for this process are: road network data, voice data, site information data, and background data. The background data contains information about rivers, railroads, and contours. The site information contains information like name of the building and its addresses.
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Brokers need to engage in "Kaizen" – the Japanese word for constant, never ending improvement. Toward that end I read books regularly to improve my skills. There are several books that I read annually and one is perhaps the greatest sales book ever written: Green Eggs and Ham. Yes, Dr Seuss' Green Eggs and Ham can teach us all how to be better Brokers.
The book's protagonist, Sam I Am, never gives up as he incessantly "markets" his product Green Eggs and Ham. Fighting through constant rejection, Sam I Am never loses sight of his goal of influencing his foil to try Green Eggs and Ham and in the end he finds out Green Eggs and Ham are delicious.
Green Eggs and Ham was one of my children's favorite books and I can only hope that they will be as persistent as Sam I Am in the face of life's inevitable setbacks. So what can Brokers learn from Sam I Am?
1. Sam I Am is persistent. In brokerage, we confront obstacles, setbacks and rejection daily. They do not determine our success; how we react to them does. A positive response to adversity differentiates top sales performers. Sam I Am never, ever gave up and neither do top brokers.
2. Sam I Am sets clear goals. Sam I Am's clear goal was "selling" Green Eggs and Ham. Successful brokers know what they want and set SMART goals to achieve it. The goals are specific and measurable. Goals keep you focused on the prize. Winners keep score.
3. Sam I Am asks questions and listens patiently for responses. Sam I Am may have been more effective if he asked open-ended questions but who can argue with results! Brokerage is about information management and that is why questions are so important. Questions allow you to gather information, direct focus and understand the emotional state and motivations of another person. It is best to ask a balance of open-ended (to learn what is important) and closed-ended (to gain specific information) questions.
4. Sam I Am is excited, positive and enthusiastic. Sam I Am believed in his product and would do anything he could to sell it. Top Brokers possess that same unbridled passion and energy. Sam I Am adheres to the sales motto "you don't have to believe what I believe but you have to believe I believe it." Passion, enthusiasm and optimism are contagious.
5. Sam I Am knows he controls his results. Top Brokers take responsibility for their success and don't make excuses. They make the right choices and spend their time on productive activities. They realize that everything in life and business is about choices. Nothing ever happens by chance.
6. Sam I Am is extremely industrious. Top Brokers work harder and smarter than their peers. I used to think that hard work leads to success. What I know now is that hard work does not inevitably lead to success but it offers the chance for success. You will never see a lazy top Broker. In fact, they get in earlier, stay later and have non-stop work ethics. They make more calls, presentations and meetings than their peers. Sales is an action sport.
To all of you Sam I Am's out there: give me a call. I have a job for you!


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Q: passing parameter from jsp to sql query in DAO I found this link...
Java:how to pass value from class/bean to servlet
I tried it and it works (thanks to BalusC) This was very helpful and answers all my questions that I've been researching for several days now.
However I'm trying to figure our how to pass the parameter from JSP to the sql query in DAO
if for example I want to create a jsp form to filter the result that the servlet will be producing...
Thanks in advance

A: It depends on how do you want to invoke DAO methods, (please clarify it):

*

*If you want to call DAO methods directly from your JSP (which is a bad practice), I recommend using JSTL's SQL tag library.

*If you want you can develop your custom tag-library to invoke your DAOs.

*If you are invoking DAO methods from a Servlet (or using an MVC framework), you cant use request.getParameter(paramName) to get what user have filled in the inputs, then call the DAO methods, and set the result of DAO in request attributes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Locked Groove Records hosts live performance
The record store hosted its first live show Thursday.
By Elias Elsner
November 14, 2022 | 7:17pm EST
MUNCIE, Ind.--- Locked Groove Records (LGR), at 519 N. Martin Street in Muncie, opened their first live show Thursday night from 6:30-10 p.m. Owner, Celeste Outen, opened the business in July of 2022. This was after the previous owner of the building, Travis Harvey, moved his record company, Village Green Records, to Alabama.
The lineup of bands included two from Muncie, Second Hand Denim and Golden Alley. Other performances included Cairo Jag and The Breaks from Indianapolis and Sundame from Lafayette.
Outen has been organizing the event with the help of LGR planner David Maginity. Maginity was brought on due to his work with planning venues across various Muncie venues. He met Outen in the LGR parking lot after stopping by to help organize a show.
"It was funny because they weren't even here. When I came up to the door, and as I was leaving, they [Outen and her partner] pulled up, and said 'It's like somebody sent you, because we've been wanting to put up shows and have music here for a while now," Maginity said. "Ever since then we've been trying to figure out how to show music here."
Outen and Maginity both explained that they wanted to throw shows in order to bring together music fans both young and old in the community and highlight local bands. Outen is hopeful to have more shows in the future
"There's a lot going on in the Muncie music scene right now. There's a lot of bands popping up, and I would love to be another venue for them to perform, and for students and Muncie locals to come see what kind of talent we have here," Outen said.
"You need to support your local artists and you need to support your local vendors and musicians," Maginity said. "They're pouring their hearts and souls out to you guys and they are spending their time doing what they love, and as a community it is our responsibility and moral duty to help perpetuate things like this."
Apart from local shows, LGR also has an alternative taste to offer in terms of music. They hope it will be attractive to the community.
"There's something for everybody here," Outen said, "It also encourages people to listen to something new."
Locked Groove Records is open every Friday and Saturday from 12-7 p.m. For more information on their next shows or events, you can follow them on Instagram @lockedgrooverecords.
Contact Elias Elsner with comments at elias.elsner@bsu.edu


Quality child care is essential for young children's safety, health, and development. And parents cannot work without confidence that their children are well cared-for during the work day. But today, federal investments fall well short of the need. In fact, more than 40 percent of infants and toddlers are in substandard child care environments. First Focus is working for stronger federal policy to improve both child care quality and affordability.


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Sofie Oyen
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Sofie is a very talented tennis player that graduated from University of Florida in 2014. Growing up, Sofie was a part of the Belgian Federation Team, and represented her country at several international events. At 17 years old, Sofie had already proven she was the best Belgian tennis player of her generation with the ambition of becoming a professional tennis player. In 2010, Sofie committed to University of Florida and started the American Dream.
During her time in College, Sofie and her team won 3 SEC titles as well as 2 Division-1 NCAA Championships. She combined succesful team results with a stellar individual career reaching the top of the ranking both in singles and doubles.
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The NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Site: Back to the Future offers a unique 10-week summer research program focused on integrated research experiences that involve Metallurgical Engineering, many with prevailing historical, social or artistic themes. Throughout the experience students will participate in a series of seminars and workshops in art, history, and archaeometallurgy that will intersect their prior academic training in Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, and provide a unique historical and cultural framework for current research. The main objective of the REU Site is to increase student appreciation of and entrance into graduate research programs. This objective will be met by increasing student abilities with those tools that make them competitive in a research environment, namely, technical communication, appreciation for diversity, understanding of historical/artistic context, and most importantly, overall research acumen. An additional objective is to increase the number of minority students involved with cutting-edge research.


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Home » Book » The Perfect Stranger
The Perfect Stranger
I'll be looking at the physiological approach and mainly focusing on the emotional problems. In the book, Disclaimer, Catherine Ravenscroft hides her secret for 20 years, after which a self-published book The Perfect Stranger appears on her nightstand and it is about her and her long kept secret. The secret itself is an emotional problem for Catherine as she carries the burden for 20 years and when it is almost reviled she is unable to handle it.
The Perfect Stranger recounts events that happened twenty years earlier — the gist soon revealed in Disclaimer, though the details are only slowly filled in, and the full picture only emerges very late on. Disclaimer shifts back and forth between Catherine Ravenscroft and Stephen Brigstocke, a retired teacher and widower, and the one responsible for the novel. Catherine is a successful documentary filmmaker, married to Robert, a lawyer. They have an underachieving son, Nicholas, who is in his mid-twenties, and they've just moved to a smaller house.
Catherine never told her husband about what happened twenty years earlier — and now everything about those events comes back to haunt her. Disclaimer relies very much on a lack of communication. Twenty years earlier, Catherine failed to tell her husband what had happened on the family vacation in Spain after he had to leave early. The number-one reason people keep secrets or lie is to "keep the peace. " They hold onto secrets to keep other people happy, safe, set in their vision of the world, and in their vision of the person.
She doesn't immediately come clean in the present-day, either and when she wants to, Robert refuses to listen saying either he does not have the time or he doesn't want to know. Similarly, when she goes to confront Stephen, early on, he refuses to come to the door. It extends throughout the novel: even when everything has been wrapped up, Catherine comes to a major, life-changing decision and, of course: "She hasn't told him yet. " Our main character keeps telling people that she needs to explain what really happened, but when given the chance, she unnecessarily stalls.
This is due to her not knowing how to word her secret and her being afraid of what people will think. This is emblematic of the book itself: it unnecessarily stalls. In the revelation of the truth also leads a character to take the most extreme of steps yet another immoral twist. Arguably the truth may set them all free, in one form or another, but it shakes up their lives pretty much as much as the misinterpretations of the secret did.
There are photos of our main character which depict her engaging in sex acts with someone other than her husband, while on vacation with their very young son fifteen years before. The young man who took the photos died the day after they were taken. The main character keeps insisting that the photos aren't what they look like, however, due to her not telling anyone what happened the miscommunications cause her life to crumble. The truth was that she was raped. Nobody stopped to even think that this might be the case.
She kept it a secret for years, for the same reason many women do – shame, and horror, and the need to carry on. And when she is discovered by the father of the young man who took the photos, he goes trying to ruin her marriage and her career, when he threatens her life she continues to keep it a secret. Rape ruins a woman's life, that even if it doesn't ruin her life right away, it will catch up with her sooner or later, and ruin her. Self-blame is among the most common of both short- and long-term effects and functions as an avoidance coping skill that inhibits the healing process.
Catherine is unable to cope with her being raped and therefore, is unable to tell her secret. It even ruins her son's life in the final twist in the book, is that the five-year-old boy witnessed the rape, and it left him indelibly emotionally scarred. Nicholas is now underachieving before of the emotional trauma and as a child had many problems. One of the themes of the book is the weight of shame. Many women who are raped come away from the ordeal with a burden of shame. This book depicts that with realism at first, but later in the story, the shame becomes fetishistic.
The woman is so obsessed with her shame that she allows her career and marriage to dissolve rather than speak up about the reality of what happened to her. When she does finally defend herself, the result is precisely what one would expect: people are horrified at what happened to her. People are horrified on her behalf. The father of the young man, the father who has been attempting to punish her is horrified, immediately attempts to rectify the situation, and then kills himself. The father was unable to deal with, yet another trauma, that his son was the one who rapped her.
Many parents blame themselves for their children's mistake and he was not able to cope with this burden as throughout the book he was blaming Catherine for seducing his son. The moral of the book was that keeping secrets is fine, however at one point or another they come out. Catherine decided to keep her rape a secret, secrets weigh us down, but sometimes that weight is the only possible option. And yet, later on, her refusal to release that burden becomes entirely unrealistic. If she had simply told her husband and the father of the boy about the rape as soon as the blackmail began, the book would have no plot.
Essay Examples. (November 2021). The Perfect Stranger. Retrieved from https://benjaminbarber.org/the-perfect-stranger/
"The Perfect Stranger." benjaminbarber.org. 11 2021. 01 2022. <https://benjaminbarber.org/the-perfect-stranger/>.
Essay Examples. November 2021. The Perfect Stranger. [online]. Available from: https://benjaminbarber.org/the-perfect-stranger/ [Accessed 21 January 2022].
Essay Examples. The Perfect Stranger [Internet]. November 2021. [Accessed 21 January 2022]; Available from: https://benjaminbarber.org/the-perfect-stranger/.
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An extraordinary fossil goniatite for its quality and size. These images speak volumes, a delightful specimen.The sediments of time have created distinctive linear calcite definition of the inner shell morphology, this form in the fossil bedding plane through a process of permineralisation, this is a cell by cell transformation of the once living tissue.
Once collected the goniatite has been patiently worked out of the fossil bed, limestone stripped away from the fossil to reveal the inner ceratitic chambers. A unique occurrence which has is highlighted through the fossil preparation process.
a distant relative of nautili, octopi and modern squids, an ammonoid which is also a mollusc, this is the result of 400 million years of deposition and fossilisation, which has preserved the outer shell of the mollusc. The goniatite once had tentacles like a cuttlefish which it would use to grapple prey to force down into its mouth and eat with a horned beak-like structure in its mouth much like a modern-day squid.


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Senior running back from Spartanburg enters spring No. 2 on the depth chart.
CLEMSON – Since arriving at Clemson a few years ago as one of the most heralded running back recruits in the country, Tavien Feaster has spent much of his time bouncing around the Tigers' depth chart.
"I'm a guy of perseverance," Feaster said Wednesday following the Tigers' opening practice of the spring.
Good thing, too, because Feaster, a former standout at Spartanburg High, enters his senior season having been overshadowed by backs such as Wayne Gallman and Travis Etienne the past few years.
He's looking at another crowded backfield situation again this year, what with the return of Etienne, who rushed for more than 1,600 yards last season, and Lyn-J Dixon, who averaged 8.8 yards per carry.
But after debating a transfer, Feaster says he's committed to remaining at Clemson.
Despite battling injury in the early part of last season, Feaster spent the bulk of the season as Etienne's primary back-up and rushed for 440 yards and six touchdowns.
But he yearns for more.
He may be the de facto leader and "old man" of the running back room, but he also wants to stake a claim to Etienne's job.
"He knows it," said Feaster, who has rushed for 1,330 yards in his three seasons with the Tigers. "Everybody wants to earn the top spot and be the top dog. I've just got to be me and go out every day and do what I do.
Clemson Coach Dabo Swinney is expecting nothing less from Feaster, who is on track to graduate in December.
"He's the best he's ever been, in every area," Swinney said. "He's incredibly focused and confident right now. He's one of the guys that the guys see as a leader.


If you are missing one or more teeth, dental implants can make your smile whole again. The dental implant replaces the tooth root, but it's the restoration, the crown or bridge, that replaces the visible part of the tooth. When you are replacing one or more teeth with implants, it's important to work with an experienced cosmetic dentist. Dr. Dustin Holladay knows how to achieve attractive restorations on dental implants.
If you are looking to restore the appearance of your smile with dental implants, Dr. Holladay can help. Please call today for an appointment at Carolina Forest Cosmetic Dentistry.
Dental Implants are a new alternative in tooth replacement. The procedure consists of two stages: placement of a replacement tooth root at your dental specialist's office, followed by the placement of a tooth replacement (crown) at our office. Our team has completed hundreds of implants and we will be happy to show you models, pictures, and examples before you decide on your treatment.
There are now a wide variety of dental implant placement procedures that vary in duration and materials. We will consult with you before your implant procedure to design one that meets your goals.
Dr. Holladay has extensive experience in creating dental implant restorations that look and feel like your natural teeth.
In some cases, when there is abundant jawbone tissue and the patient is in good health, some specialists offer "immediate loading". In this single-day procedure, the implant and crown are placed simultaneously. This is used when there is no infection around the existing tooth. This is the preferred way for patients due to decrease in time line.
Your surgeon performs the first part of the procedure at their office. The surgeon will gently fold back the gum covering the area and prepare the underlying bone to receive the implant. The extent of the bone preparation depends on the number of implants required. The surgeon then places the dental implants and sutures your gums. The implant should fully integrate into the bone after 3 to 4 months.
After healing, we take an impression and design a custom restoration. This could be a dental crown, fixed dental bridge, or even a removable denture. Details of the procedure can change slightly depending on your situation. At Carolina Forest Cosmetic Dentistry, our team uses Zimmer implants and Nobel Biocare implants.
If you have one or more missing teeth, we can help you replace them with dental implants. We work with several highly skilled oral surgeons in the area, and Dr. Holladay's experience as a cosmetic dentist means he can give attractive results that will look natural. Please call (843) 903-3111 today for an appointment at Carolina Forest Cosmetic Dentistry.


FRANKLIN SPRINGS, Ga. - Last weeks Athletes of the Week are Aysha Avery of Women's Volleyball and Abigail Nette of Women's Wrestling.
Aysha Avery is a Sophomore from Lawrenceville, Ga. As the starting libero for the ladies volleyball team, Aysha averaged 5.4 digs per set in last weeks matches. Aysha continues to be one of the most consistent players on the team, averaging 4.7 digs/set this season, and 5.1 digs/set in conference play. Aysha is currently one of the top libero's in the conference, ranking second in digs/set and second with 196 digs total for the season.
Abigail Nette is a Sophomore from Saint Rose Louisiana. Nette is a dominant force on the women's wrestling team. In her most recent performances, she went 3-0 in duals on Friday and won the Emmanuel Open Tournament. Nette continues to rack up victories and establish Emmanuel College as a dominant presence.
Congrats to both Aysha and Abigail on being named last week's Athletes of the Week!


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Home>Earth Science>Ecology and Environment
The Consequences of Straightening Rivers
By: Charles Ray
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"The Consequences of Straightening Rivers"
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Rivers have played an important role in human development throughout history. They have served as trade routes, food sources, irrigation for our drops, defensive barriers, and national boundaries, since the beginning of organized human settlements. They have also been the inspiration for a lot of our art, literature, and music.
Humankind has depended upon, been in love with, and been at war with rivers for ages. Rivers, great and small, water our fields, slake our thirsts, and move our commerce. Sometimes, as happened with the writer Mark Twain (nee Samuel Clemens), they captivate us. At other times, as during the great Johnstown, Pennsylvania floods, they terrify us.
The deposits of silt, carried along by rivers, renew agricultural soil.
On occasion, man tampers with the rivers by straightening their wandering courses for short-term benefit. This can facilitate transport of goods, as the straighter courses are easier to navigate. It also opens up new land for human habitation and use, and facilitates community planning.
But, there can be negative consequences from messing with Mother Nature that can far outweigh the short-term gains. When a river is straightened, the water flow increases, raising the danger of downstream flooding. It can also cause flooding to be more severe. Changing a river's natural course alters the biosphere. Thousands of plant and animal species that have adapted to the environment of a natural flood plain have their habitats destroyed, and many are driven to extinction.
The alteration of ground cover, caused by changing a river's natural course, particularly when replaced by manmade structures, can alter weather patterns which can, in turn, negatively affect agricultural production.
Even levees and dikes, which provide a measure of flood protection in the area where they are constructed, can have a negative impact. By constricting the flow of the current, back pressure is created that increases the danger of upstream flooding. This is not an argument against levees, but it does call for awareness of the unintended consequences of our actions when we tamper with nature.
Left alone, rivers generally flow from higher to lower elevations, naturally meandering around most obstacles; continuing to carry our commerce and enrich our lives; on occasion overflowing their banks and inundating the surrounding terrain. Taking prudent measures to protect communities against the hazards of flooding is thus perfectly acceptable and understandable. But, extensive reengineering of a river's course for short-term commercial gain is something that should be carefully considered; and in most cases, avoided.
More about this author: Charles Ray
Causes and Effects of Atmospheric Rivers
Great Rivers of the World Live on - No
Environmental Consequences of Natural Gas Shale Oil Drilling
Environmental Consequences of Drilling for Natural Gas
The Consequences of using Alternative Energy
The advance and retreat of ice sheets
Some differences between humans and gorillas
The effect of insulin resistance on hormones
How the body regulates blood glucose levels
Genetic disorders: Loeys-Dietz syndrome
ARTICLE SOURCES AND CITATIONS
Meet the Site Curator
© 2002 - 2014 HELIUM, INC.


There are some really small, lightweight concealed pistols that you'd never know someone was packing. For the carrier they sometimes forget they have it on them.
One that stands out is the Ruger LCP .380.
In the world of self-defense firearms, being discreet is the same as carrying a self-defense blade. You don't want the bad guy to know that you're packing.
Before going down the path that bigger is better with a full size handgun such as a .45 with knockdown power.
Lets consider that you're still wearing light-weight clothing, so its best to be having the smaller Ruger LCP on you.
If you have heavier clothing due to the colder area that you're in.
Then, have the Ruger LCP as another back-up to your primary handgun.
Its always good to have more guns than not, never know when you're going to need it.
By now the name should have hinted this mouse gun chambers the .380 ACP cartridge and it holds 6 rounds. With an extended grip magazine, it holds 7 plus one in the chamber makes 8.
Get some quality hard-hitting hollow-points such as the Remington Golden Saber 102-grain self-defense loads, this mouse gun can hold its own.
Wanna be like the Terminator, yes, it comes with a laser sight.
A short word about pocket holster – you should use an inside-the-pocket holster. Uncle Mike or Blackhawk Size 1 Pocket Holster offers a decent job ensuring secure carrying and concealment.
For those still not sure, Ruger LCP-C is a modified version of the standard model Ruger LCP.
It has better sights, a better trigger and a steel guide rod.
This model is an improvement in shooting over the standard model.
Like most mouse guns don't rely on this solely to defend yourself.
If needed use it discreetly and supplement some mano-mano defense to go with it.