text:
De Russische strijdkrachten, sinds 1992 officieel Strijdkrachten van de Russische Federatie (Russisch: Вооружённые силы Российской Федерации; Vooroezjjonnye sily Rossijskoj Federatsii) genoemd, is de benaming voor het Russische leger. Het huidige leger werd geformeerd in 1992 na het uiteenvallen van de Sovjet-Unie. De opperbevelhebber van de strijdkrachten is de president van de Russische Federatie. Het ministerie van Defensie vormt het bestuurlijke orgaan van het krijgswezen.

Organisatie
De Russische strijdkrachten zijn onderverdeeld in de volgende eenheden:
 Landmacht (SV)
 Marine (VMF)
 Luchtmacht (VVS)
 Strategische Raketstrijdkrachten (RVSN)
 Ruimtestrijdkrachten (KV)
 Luchttroepen (VDV)

Landmacht
De landmacht is bestuurlijk verdeeld over een aantal militaire districten (ev.: военный округ; vojenny okroeg). Deze vallen onder het commando van een districthoofdkwartier met een districtscommandant, die ondergeschikt zijn aan de minister van Defensie. Momenteel zijn er zes militaire districten:
 militair district Moskou (Московский) - oblast Moskou en Moskou
 militair district Leningrad (Ленинградский) — oblast Leningrad en Sint-Petersburg
 militair district Noordelijke Kaukasus (Северо-Кавказский) — Noordelijke Kaukasus
 militair district Wolga-Oeral (Приволжско-Уральский) — Gebied rond de Wolga en de Oeral
 Siberisch militair district (Сибирский) — Siberië
 militair district Verre Oosten (Дальневосточный) — Russische Verre Oosten

oblast Kaliningrad vormt een apart militair district.

Marine
De marine bestaat uit vier vloten:
 Baltische Vloot (HQ in Baltiejsk in oblast Kaliningrad).
 Pacifische Vloot (of Grote-Oceaanvloot of Stille-Oceaanvloot) (HQ in Vladivostok).
 Noordelijke Vloot (HQ in Moermansk).
 Zwarte Zeevloot (HQ in Sevastopol).

Generale Staf
Vanaf de Sovjettijd heeft de Generale Staf gefungeerd als het belangrijkste bevelsvoerende en controlerende lichaam van de Russische strijdkrachten. De rol van de Generale Staf is echter nu bezig te verminderen naar dat van het departement van strategische planning. De minister van Defensie heeft nu meer uitvoerende macht gekregen over de troepen. Andere departementen omvatten het Directoraat Personeel en de departementen van hulptroepen, spoortroepen en de genie.

Speciale eenheden
Naast de eigenlijke strijdkrachten bestaan parallel daaraan afzonderlijke speciale eenheden als de SVR, OMON, SOBR/OMSN, ALFA, GROe, Vympel, OSNAZ, Kaskad, Bogatyr en een aantal andere eenheden die gedeeltelijk onder bevel staan van de FSB. Deze eenheden omvatten meer dan 100.000 man en hebben de beschikking over zware wapens als helikopters en tanks.

Rangen

Middelen

De beschikbare mankracht lag op ongeveer 35 miljoen in 2005. Volgens Russische rapporten was er in het financiële jaar 2002 een verhoging van ongeveer 40% in de aankoop van wapens, die echter volstrekt onvoldoende is voor het herstel van de budgettekorten die ontstonden in de jaren 90. Hierdoor exporteren Russische wapenproducenten als Izjmasj en Oeralmasj veel meer wapens naar opkomende landen als India en de Volksrepubliek China, dan dat ze wapens verkopen aan het Russische leger. In 2005 werd er voor 5 miljard euro verkocht aan wapens naar het buitenland, waarvan 70% aan India en China. In 2005 werden ongeveer 330.000 man opgeroepen voor militaire dienst door middel van twee oproepen per jaar. Ondanks het feit dat dienstplichtigen twee jaar dienst moeten doen, doet slechts 9% dit in de praktijk (volgens het ministerie van Defensie). In 2008 moest dit teruggebracht zijn naar een jaar.

De Russische strijdkrachten hebben ook vrouwen in dienst, maar deze zijn sterk ondervertegenwoordigd. In 2005 waren er naar schatting 90.000 vrouwen in dienst verspreid over verschillende legerdiensten. Vrouwen werken vaak binnen de ondersteunende diensten, meestal binnen takken als verpleging, communicatie en techniek.

De rangen van de Russische strijdkrachten staan ook open voor niet-Russische burgers uit het GOS, met als beperking dat ze niet binnen elite eenheden of geheime eenheden mogen dienen. Het voordeel van dienst in het Russische leger voor hen is dat ze na afloop de Russische nationaliteit kunnen bemachtigen.

Defensie-industrie
Ongeveer 70% van de Russische defensiebedrijven ligt op Russisch grondgebied. Een groot aantal van de staatsdefensiebedrijven staan er echter financieel zeer slecht voor als gevolg van het uitblijven van staatsorders en onvoldoende staatsgelden voor de omschakeling naar productie voor de consumentenmarkt. Daarnaast is er te weinig geld voor het uitkeren van de lonen. Veel staatsbedrijven zijn echter al geprivatiseerd en/of zijn samenwerkingsverbanden aangegaan met bedrijven uit andere landen. De kosten voor het produceren van vergelijkbare wapens ligt in Rusland ongeveer 3 tot 5 keer zo laag als in de Verenigde Staten. Bekende bedrijven zijn onder andere Oeralvagonzavod (tanks) en IzjMech (geweren als de kalasjnikov).

In 2005 overstegen de Russische uitgaven voor nieuwe wapens het eerst die van de export van wapens naar het buitenland (toen omgerekend 6,5 miljard dollar).

Kernwapens
Binnen de Russische militaire doctrine wordt strategische nucleaire wapenkracht gezien als de speerpunt van de verdediging tegen een mogelijke inval door een wereldmacht als de NAVO of de Volksrepubliek China. Vanwege deze reden kregen de Strategische Raketstrijdkrachten, die hiermee werken, in tegenstelling tot andere legeronderdelen, die door gebrek aan gelden sterk verzwakten, wel voldoende gelden gedurende de crisisjaren 90. Rusland heeft momenteel met 6.490 kernkoppen
de grootste voorraad nucleaire wapens ter wereld. Het aantal intercontinentale ballistische raketten (ICBM's) dat in actieve dienst is, is echter sterk gedaald na het uiteenvallen van de Sovjet-Unie. Dit was gedeeltelijk vanwege wapenverminderingovereenkomsten met de VS en gedeeltelijk vanwege onvoldoende geld voor het onderhoud ervan. Er is echter een nieuw wapenprogramma voor raketten die raketschilden moeten kunnen doorbreken. Deze RT-2UTTH Topol M-raketten zijn naar eigen zeggen in staat om elk antiraketsysteem op aarde te doorbreken, waaronder de National Missile Defense van de VS. Deze raket kan van koers veranderen in de lucht en in de ruimte en zou moeten worden gelanceerd van mobiele Topol-M voertuigen en onderzeeërs.

Vanwege het risico van het vallen van Russische atoomkennis in de handen van terroristen of criminelen, hebben Amerikaanse instellingen als het Pentagon grote financiële steun verleend aan de Russische nucleaire eenheden vanaf de val van de Sovjet-Unie. Een gedeelte van dit geld werd gebruikt voor het ontmantelen van kernkoppen onder bilaterale verdragen en een ander gedeelte werd gebruikt voor de verbetering van de veiligheid en voor de training van personeel in Russische nucleaire instellingen. Dit zou een van de redenen kunnen zijn dat nucleaire incidenten tot op heden zijn uitgebleven, aangezien er veel vraag is naar atoomwapens bij criminele groepen en terroristen.

Uitdagingen en problemen
Sinds het ontstaan van het nieuwe Rusland probeert Rusland zijn strijdkrachten om te smeden tot een solide eenheid van strijdkrachten uit wat er is overgebleven van de vroegere Sovjetstrijdkrachten. Een nieuwe Russische militaire doctrine, die werd bekendgemaakt in november 1993, erkent de samentrekking van Sovjetstrijdkrachten in een regionale militaire macht zonder wereldwijde imperiale ambities. De doctrine roept hierbij op tot een Russische militaire macht die kleiner, lichter, meer mobiel, een hogere graad van professionaliteit heeft en met het vermogen tot een grotere snellere inzetbaarheid.

Dit bleek echter een moeilijke omschakeling; want al heeft Rusland dan geen wereldwijde ambities meer, de omvang van zijn landsgrenzen maakt zelfs een defensieve instelling een gigantische onderneming. Na 1991 zijn Russische troepen alleen gestationeerd geweest in verschillende landen en gebieden, die daarvoor onder de Sovjet-Unie vielen en waar het onrustig was. Voorbeelden vormen Transnistrië, Abchazië, Zuid-Ossetië en Tadzjikistan. De uitdagingen van het doorvoeren van hervormingen en het moderniseren van de strijdkrachten zijn versterkt door de moeilijke economische omstandigheden in Rusland, die zorgden voor minder overheidsuitgaven voor defensie. Dit leidde tot minder training, vermindering van loon, extreme tekorten voor sociale zekerheden voor militair personeel, wat weer leidde tot een constante verlaging van het moreel, vermindering van de cohesie en de strijdeffectiviteit van de strijdkrachten.

Een bekend probleem vormt de dedovsjtsjina, een systeem van onderdrukking van eerstejaars dienstplichtigen in de Russische Strijdkrachten, MVD en grenstroepen door laatstejaars, wat soms leidt tot de dood. De dedovsjtsjina wordt gezien als een belangrijke oorzaak van het lage moreel. Sinds de dienstplichthervormingen van 2011 is het fenomeen van dedovsjtsjina verminderd. Dit komt doordat de dienstplichttijd is verlaagd naar één jaar en daardoor alleen dienstplichtigen van maar één groep tegelijkertijd dienen. Toch vinden bij tijd en wijle nog steeds dodelijke incidenten plaats.

Een van de meer onorthodoxe manieren waarop de toeziende autoriteiten geprobeerd hebben om het moreel wat op te vijzelen en de slechte omstandigheden wat te doen vergeten, is het houden van een jaarlijkse schoonheidswedstrijd waarin vrouwelijke soldaten vechten om de titel van "Miss Russisch Leger".

Externe links
  Officiële website

  Russia Military Guide, globalsecurity.org


text:
Over 1 Million Somali Children Near Starvation as Pentagon Plans New Troop Deployment
by Kyle Anzalone and Will Porter | Mar 16, 2022
The Pentagon wants to send troops back into Somalia on a permanent basis just 14 months after they were ordered to leave. The push for a new deployment comes as the African nation faces a serious drought, with the UN warning that 1.4 million children are at risk of acute malnutrition in the coming months.
Speaking to the Senate on Tuesday, US Africa Command (AFRICOM) head General Stephen Townsend warned that Somali jihadist faction al-Shabaab is seeing a resurgence after American troops pulled back a little over a year ago, calling it "among the world's fastest-growing, wealthiest and deadliest terrorist groups."
"Our willingness to work together with African partners creates a huge demand for US engagement and partnership [in] Africa," Townsend said, adding that the current American policy of "periodic engagement" has created "new challenges and risks for our troops."
The general went on to argue that US forces are not putting "sufficient pressure" on militant groups like al-Shabaab, and said he had "submitted advice" for a new deployment.
After losing the 2020 election, outgoing President Donald Trump gave the order to remove the 700 special forces troops then stationed in Somalia. Most of the soldiers were simply redeployed to other countries in the region and continued the same mission, however, with AFRICOM stating they were now 'commuting to work' – or what Townsend dubbed "periodic engagement."
It is unclear how a larger military footprint will solve the problems outlined by the AFRICOM chief. Far from creating a crack anti-terrorism force, the US mission in Somalia has more often fueled local power struggles between what amount to warlords – with one CIA-trained commando unit halting its fight against jihadist groups altogether last year to clash with other Somali troops.
The growing extremist movement in the Horn of Africa has been helped in no small part by foreign meddling and attempts to dictate political outcomes from far-away capitals. Before breaking away and declaring allegiance to al-Qaeda, al-Shabaab was once the youth wing of the comparatively moderate Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which took power in Mogadishu in 2006 after driving out local warlords.
Refusing to accept a Somalia ruled under Islamic Law, however, the George W. Bush administration backed an Ethiopian invasion to oust the ICU, but ultimately agreed to let the group remain in power in the form of a US-created "transitional federal government" after a brutal bout of fighting. The ICU's youth faction refused to accept the American diktat and continued fighting, becoming increasingly radical before ultimately transforming into the jihadist outfit it is today.
As in the early 2000s and 2010s, economic instability, lack of opportunity and famine continue to inflame the situation in Somalia, with the UN's World Food Program now reporting the worst drought in the region in four decades. Should the dry conditions persist, up to 1.4 million children under the age of 5 could face acute malnutrition by the end of 2022, a WFP spokesperson said.
In the wake of the Ethiopian incursion, a previous famine killed nearly 260,000 Somalis between 2010 and 2012, around half of them children, according to UN estimates. Ongoing fighting with local militants only worsened the humanitarian calamity, making it that much harder for Somali farmers to get their crops to market.
Despite years of US involvement, Somalia may face worse conditions now than it did prior to the 2011 drought, with 2.9 million Somalis currently internally displaced – nearly double the number reported in 2011 – and an armed extremist element larger than ever.
Now considering yet another troop deployment when Somalis are in desperate need of humanitarian aid, Biden is the sixth consecutive US president to attempt to fix the country with military might, beginning with a 28,000-soldier mission under George HW Bush in 1992. While the current administration has carried out far fewer strikes than Trump did, a recent drone attack on an al-Shabaab base was alleged to have killed 200 militants, per the claims of local officials, suggesting the US military presence in Somalia is set to continue with or without 'boots on the ground.'
About Kyle Anzalone and Will Porter
Kyle Anzalone is the opinion editor of Antiwar.com and news editor of the Libertarian Institute. Will Porter is the assistant news editor of the Libertarian Institute and a staff writer and editor at RT. Kyle Anzalone and Will Porter host Conflicts of Interest along with Connor Freeman.
Somali MP: US Airstrike Killed Six Somali Civilians on a Minibus
The US Military Is One Of The World's Top Green House Gas Emitters
The Endless Fantasy Of American Power
Tags: Africa, Africom, al shabaab, Ethiopia, general townsend, military, Pentagon, shabaab, somali, Somalia, stephen townsend, terror, Terrorism, terrorists, United States, US, us africa command
News Roundup 2/1/2023
by Kyle Anzalone | Feb 1, 2023
Russia Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on Sunday said Ukraine needs to secure the supply of new weapons from its Western backers and that arms deliveries need to speed up. AWC Adm. Rob Bauer, the head of NATO's Military Committee, said that NATO is "ready" for...
by Kyle Anzalone | Jan 27, 2023
US News Released this week as part of an effort to kickstart his presidential campaign, former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo caused considerable controversy in addressing, and ultimately dismissing, Saudi Arabia's 2018 assassination and dismemberment of Washington...
Russia The Biden administration is now leaning toward sending its M1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine despite recent comments from Pentagon officials about how they would be difficult for Ukrainian forces to maintain, The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday. AWC The risk of...
Russia The German foreign intelligence service assesses that Kiev is losing a "three-digit number" of soldiers daily, according to a report in Der Spiegel. Berlin informed politicians of the assessment during a secret meeting this week. AWC The Pentagon has decided to...
Russia The US and its allies are holding a series of meetings this week in Europe where new pledges for military aid to Ukraine are expected to be made, and more countries might agree to arm Kyiv with tanks. AWC Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Mark Milley...
Russia Ukrainian Defense Minister Oleksii Reznikov told BBC on Friday that Ukraine is a "de facto" NATO member since it's equipped with so many of the alliance's weapons and dismissed the idea that his comments were controversial. AWC British Prime Minister Rishi...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do you get severe migraines? Better get it treated immediately. A new study states that it is highly likely that you will be afflicted with atrial fibrillation and stroke.
Migraines, one of the most conditions that affect our population has been linked to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and strokes. The study published in Neurology states that migraine with visual aura was associated with increased risk of AF when compared to migraine without visual aura. The data suggest that AF may be a potential mediator of migraine with visual aura–stroke risk. Migraines refer to nagging episodic headaches and has symptoms like vomiting, blurring of vision, blind spots, nausea etc. A press release in the American Academy of Neurology states that migraine with visual aura is when disturbances in vision occur right before head pain begins. Those disturbances may include seeing wavy lines or flashes of light or having blurry vision or blind spots. Atrial fibrillation is a kind of arrhythmia where the heart's normal rhythm is out of sync which may result in pooling of blood in the heart or clots that may travel to the brain and cause a stroke, the press release states.
11,939 participants were assessed for headache and without prior AF or stroke. 426 reported migraines with visual aura, 1,090 migraine without visual aura, 1,018 nonmigraine headache, and 9,405 no headache. In 20 years, AF was noted in 232 (15%) of 1,516 with migraine and 1,623 (17%) of 9,405 without headache.


text:
If My Book
One-sentence Stories
Fiction January 31, 2020 January 31, 2020
The Young-and-Marrieds
Cortney Phillips Meriwether
Evelyn was sitting on the porch in the rain, talking on the phone. The rest of us stood coupled in the kitchen, clustered around trays of appetizers and bowls of dip. We were watching her and hoping she didn't notice.
When her phone first rang and she made a motion toward the back porch, one of us called after her that she was welcome to go upstairs. Evelyn waved her off and instead took a seat in one of the damp rocking chairs. Now, she gestured wildly with both hands, her cellphone pressed between cheek and shoulder, the rocking chair tilting with the force of her movements. It must be Charlie, right? someone said. She wouldn't seem this upset if it wasn't Charlie.
Of course it was Charlie. We all knew that. Charlie, who used to be part of our group standing in the kitchen. Charlie, who usually manned the grill at our cookouts. Charlie, who told stories with comedic voices. Charlie, whom Evelyn had officially left just last Saturday—for reasons none of us knew.
Charlie and Evelyn were to be the first couple any of us knew to get divorced. We were a collection of the young-and-marrieds—gloriously shacked up in the sweet stage between finally having well-paying jobs and not yet having children. We all lived in apartments decorated with black-and-white wedding photographs and slept in king-sized beds with brand new sheets.
The rain was picking up, but Evelyn appeared not to notice. The shoulders of her T-shirt were so wet we could see her skin. Her glasses were fogged over with droplets, but she made no effort to wipe them. And then she rose to her feet so quickly and shoved her phone in her pocket so decisively that we barely had time to turn back to the spread of appetizers before she was standing next to us again, as if she'd never left.
Everything okay? someone asked, as Evelyn cleaned her glasses on the hem of her T-shirt.
Do you need a towel? asked someone else.
Evelyn shook her head. She smiled. Everything is fine, she said. She smoothed her wet hair back from her forehead. Just tying up some loose ends.
We all nodded and passed her one of the four open bottles of wine to refill her empty glass—one of the long-stemmed bulbous kind that came in a box of eight. Always one of the first gifts to go from a registry. Everything we owned was in sets of even numbers because that was how our friends usually came: paired, coupled, and now, easily divisible by two.
The baked brie is good, we told her. Isn't everything so delicious? we kept saying, but our bodies shifted around each other like repelling magnets. We weren't sure how to touch, with Evelyn standing there, wine glass in hand, and no partner standing behind her. Was it okay to still lean against our own partner? To put our hand gently in the small of her back? To fix the collar of his shirt? The movements we'd all but choreographed over the last few years now seemed insensitive, inappropriate.
Not long after we finished snacking, Evelyn excused herself. This was really so lovely, she said. So nice to get out of the house for a bit. It was funny, we all silently noted, that she put it that way since we all knew she was staying in a hotel. We'd offered guest rooms, obviously, though none of us ever expected her to take us up on it—really, how awkward would that be?
Once she was gone, we exhaled. Whew, that was a little weird, we said. Just not sure how to act around her, you know? We snuggled against each other on the living room sofas or held hands from separate chairs we'd moved in from the dining room.
It'll be strange not having Charlie around anymore, someone said. Well, sure, but she was our friend first, before him, we all pointed out. Yeah, but still.
I just can't imagine what went wrong, someone said again, the same thing we'd all been saying since we first heard. They seemed so happy. Thank god it wasn't us, we didn't say.
Because we were the young-and-marrieds, we all assumed it had to be something awful. Someone must have been unfaithful, someone must have a drinking problem, someone must have anger management issues, there must be problems in the bedroom. We guessed it all.
And maybe we were right. Or, maybe we were wrong. Either way, we should open another bottle of wine, right? No, no we shouldn't — it's a Thursday, after all! Oh, come on. We're young. We're in love. We're the happy ones. What could go wrong?
Cortney Phillips Meriwether received her MFA in Creative Writing from NC State in 2012 and has been working as a freelance writer and editor ever since. She previously served as a fiction editor at Pinball and Bartleby Snopes. Her work has been published by Minola Review, Coachella Review, The Rumpus, and elsewhere. She lives in Charlottesville, Virginia with her husband and son. Follow her on Twitter at @CortPhilMeri.
No, They Do Everything on Porpoise
The First Time I Got Felt Up
This Is How You Fail To Ghost Him
When Responding to a Craigslist Ad Looking for a Nude Housekeeper
The More Hopeless and Scared I Feel, the Harder I Need to Be Fucked
Copyright © Monkeybicycle 2002 - 2020


In an emergency, a prompt response can save the lives of victims. This statement generates an imperative issue in emergency medical services (EMS). Designing a system that brings simplicity in locating emergency scenes is a step towards improving response time. This paper therefore implemented and evaluated the performance of an SMS-based emergency geolocation notification system with emphasis on its SMS delivery time and the system's geolocation and dispatch time. Using the RAS metrics recommended by IEEE for evaluation, the designed system was found to be efficient and effective as its reliability stood within 62.7% to 70.0% while its availability stood at 99% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year.


Did David Hume Really Defeat William Paley's Watchmaker Argument?
In crossing a heath, suppose I pitched my foot against a stone, and were asked how the stone came to be there; I might possibly answer, that, for any thing I knew to the contrary, it had lain there for ever: nor would it perhaps be very easy to show the absurdity of this answer. But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place; I should hardly think of the answer which I had before given, that, for any thing I knew, the watch might have always been there. Yet why should not this answer serve for the watch as well as for the stone?
Did David Hume really supply arguments that adequately countered Paley's watchmaker argument?
In like manner as a tree sheds its seeds into the neighbouring fields, and produces other trees; so the great vegetable, the world, or this planetary system, produces within itself certain seeds, which, being scattered into the surrounding chaos, vegetate into new worlds. A comet, for instance, is the seed of a world; and after it has been fully ripened, by passing from sun to sun, and star to star, it is at last tossed into the unformed elements which every where surround this universe, and immediately sprouts up into a new system.
Obviously, Hume's explanation of how stellar systems come about would fail to convince even an elementary school student today. We might laugh at Hume's explanation, although we realize that he didn't possess the knowledge that we do today. So, did Hume get anything right? In fact, his unstated assumption is that the universe has always existed and produces "worlds" through some kind of seeding process. In fact, we know that the universe first began to exist 13.8 billion years ago,2 most likely as a result of the Big Bang creation event. All evidence suggests that Hume's assumption of an eternal universe are incorrect. In addition, all the galaxies in the universe are basically the same age - slightly younger than the age of the universe. New galaxy systems are not being produced in the universe. Planetary systems are younger than the universe, although they are not formed through any kind of seeding by comets. In fact, virtually all comets are the products of planetary formation as opposed to the cause of planetary systems.
Despite Hume's bad cosmology, is it possible that his objection might provide an alternative to Paley's design argument? In other words, it might be possible that the universe was formed through some kind of reproduction. Actually, a form of Hume's argument has been taken up by numerous atheists as a possible explanation to get around the idea that the universe was created. Most atheists affirm some kind of multiverse theory, which claims that the observable universe was produced as an offshoot of a much larger multiverse. The claim is that the universe appears to be like a watch, although, in reality, it is one of only a few watches produced among a multitude of stones. Although theoretically possible, there is no observational data to suggest that any kind of multiverse actually exists. In fact, the idea that we just see the visible part of the universe (assuming there is a part we don't see) is on quite shaky ground. Astronomy and cosmology are the only sciences in which we can directly observe the past. This is because light travels at a finite speed, which is slightly greater than the speed at which the universe is currently expanding. In other words, as we look to the far reaches of the universe, we are looking back in time. Hubble space telescope observations show that at extreme distances, we can see early galaxies forming, along with numerous galaxy collisions (since the universe was much smaller in the distant past). At these distances, fully-formed, mature galaxies do not exist. If we lived in a universe that contained both visible and invisible components (parts of the universe would be invisible because they would be traveling faster than the speed of light, so their light would never reach us), we would expect to see fully formed galaxies all the way to the edge of the visible universe. Another observational difficulty is that as we look deeper than those proto-galaxies, we see only the diffuse glow of the cosmic background radiation, which exhibits a higher temperature than that of the background radiation surrounding us, as a result of the higher initial temperatures from the Big Bang creation event. As a side note, in the future, these early proto-galaxies will disappear from our view, since the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating as the universe ages. Recent evidence suggests that this acceleration will continue to increase until the universe is eventually ripped apart until there are only individual elementary particles left (the "Big Rip"). So, although it is possible that the universe began through "reproduction," it is an argument that lacks scientific validity.
Universe doesn't look like a watch?
David Hume objected to the analogy that the universe looked like a watch, since he assumed that there was no evidence for design. However, this assumption was also based upon ignorance. Hume did not know that the universe is a finely crafted masterpiece, and that even minor changes to the laws of physics would result in a universe that didn't even contain matter! So, Hume's main argument turns out to be completely wrong.
Hume's other major objection to the God hypothesis is that one cannot determine from the nature of the universe that it was created by one god as opposed to many gods.
And what shadow of an argument, continued Philo, can you produce, from your hypothesis, to prove the unity of the Deity? A great number of men join in building a house or ship, in rearing a city, in framing a commonwealth; why may not several deities combine in contriving and framing a world? This is only so much greater similarity to human affairs. By sharing the work among several, we may so much further limit the attributes of each, and get rid of that extensive power and knowledge, which must be supposed in one deity, and which, according to you, can only serve to weaken the proof of his existence. And if such foolish, such vicious creatures as man, can yet often unite in framing and executing one plan, how much more those deities or demons, whom we may suppose several degrees more perfect!
However, if the universe and life on earth had been created by multiple deities, one would expect to see designs that were quite diverse. In fact, the naturalistic argument from common descent argues that all life is so similar that it must have a common creator (evolutionary descent with modification). So, it would seem that Hume's second argument is also contradicted by the evidence.
Evidence for the Fine Tuning of the Universe - Why are the physical constants the way they are? Is it chance or design?
Extreme Fine Tuning - the Cosmological Constant - Would you believe 1 in 10120?
Size of the Universe: Isn't it Too Large to Have Been Created by God for Humanity? Why didn't God create just one star and one planet?
The Universe is Not Eternal, But Had A Beginning - Contrary to atheist's claims, the majority of scientists state as fact that the universe had a beginning.
The Incredible Design of the Earth - Just the third rock from an ordinary star?
Can Intelligent Design (ID) be a Testable, Scientific Theory? You need a model that is testable. Generic ID won't provide it!
Examples of Bad Design Gone Bad - Which is worse - the design or scientists' attempts to improve it?
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.
D. N. Spergel, R. Bean, O. Dor�, M. R. Nolta, C. L. Bennett, J. Dunkley, G. Hinshaw, N. Jarosik, E. Komatsu, L. Page, H. V. Peiris, L. Verde, M. Halpern, R. S. Hill, A. Kogut, M. Limon, S. S. Meyer, N. Odegard, G. S. Tucker, J. L. Weiland, E. Wollack, E. L. Wright. 2007. Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology. Astrophysics arXiv:astro-ph/0603449v2.
"Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? then is he impotent. Is he able, but not willing? then is he malevolent. Is he both able and willing? whence then is evil?" David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Part X.
"Secondly, You have no reason, on your theory, for ascribing perfection to the Deity, even in his finite capacity, or for supposing him free from every error, mistake, or incoherence, in his undertakings. There are many inexplicable difficulties in the works of Nature, which, if we allow a perfect author to be proved a priori, are easily solved, and become only seeming difficulties, from the narrow capacity of man, who cannot trace infinite relations. But according to your method of reasoning, these difficulties become all real; and perhaps will be insisted on, as new instances of likeness to human art and contrivance. At least, you must acknowledge, that it is impossible for us to tell, from our limited views, whether this system contains any great faults, or deserves any considerable praise, if compared to other possible, and even real systems. Could a peasant, if the Aeneid were read to him, pronounce that poem to be absolutely faultless, or even assign to it its proper rank among the productions of human wit, he, who had never seen any other production?" David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Part V.
See There is Too Much Evil and Suffering For God to Exist? and Examples of Bad Design Gone Bad, The Washing Machine from the Bad Place- A Lesson on Intelligent Design.
See Evolution vs. Design: Is the Universe a Cosmic Accident or Does it Display Intelligent Design?
Announcing RTB's New Blog Ring!
Can Planets in the Habitable Zone Actually Support Life?
Was Mars Once Plagued by Tsunamis?
Do Neanderthal Cave Structures Challenge Human Exceptionalism?
How Can We Reconcile in a Way that Lasts?
What Does the Discovery of a Supermassive Black Hole Binary Mean for Creationism?
Was Jesus' Arrival Accurately Predicted in the Bible?


Big brother dog Rugby, a chocolate labrador retriever, lies down with his newborn little brother during his photo session. Image is photographed on a white background in the client's home. Rugby is no stranger to my camera, he has been photographed at his owners' wedding, maternity session, newborn session and several family portraits!


Title Tabulae astronomicae / [Johannes Stoeffler].
Imprint Tübingen : T. Anshelmus, 1514.
Note Copy 1 Supplier/Donor: Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, 5 - 10 December 1898. Bound with: Peurbach, Tabulae (1514). Binding: 16th century blind stamped calf with evidence of ties. Two leaves (Ki & Kii) from a printed missal used as endpapers. With some 16th century ms notes. Unidentified (pink) 18th/19th century bookplate inside front cover. Book label of William Morris Kelmscott House.
Author, etc. Stoeffler, Johannes, 1452-1531.


text:
Q: Multiple 301 Redirect for HTTPS URL I have a client website which has been shifted to HTTPS now. The default URL is http:// business.com which still faces canonical issue. I need to redirect its www version to the default URL and all of them the the final HTTPS URL i.e. https:// business.com . I have written simple codes in .htaccess in the past but combining more than one code is a problem for me. I have tried to combine the code in the following 2 samples, and will appreciate if you can help me in reviewing the same:
Code1:
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.business.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http:// business.com/$1 [R=301]

RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:// business.com/$1 [L,R=301]

OR Code2:
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.business (DOT)com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http:// business (DOT)com/$1 [R=301]

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

Here I have included space after http:// as I was not able to post otherwise, thanks in advance.
Regards,
Rahul

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fujifilm named Clarivate Analytics 2017 Top 100 Global Innovator
FUJIFILM Corporation (President: Kenji Sukeno) was named a Clariviate Analytics 2017 Top 100 Global Innovator for the sixth year in a row, in recognition of its achievements as one of the world's most innovative companies.
With this award, Clarivate Analytics, formerly the Intellectual Property & Science business of Thomson Reuters, recognizes the world's top 100 companies that strive to protect inventions via intellectual property rights and lead the world with innovative discoveries and initiatives, based on a series of patent-related metrics that get to the essence of what it means to be truly innovative. The Clarivate Analytics 2017 Top 100 Global Innovator methodology is based on four principle criteria: "overall patent volume", "patent grant success rate", "global reach of the portfolio" and "patent influence as evidenced by citations", using Clarivate Analytics' intellectual property and intelligence collaboration platform. Fujifilm was selected as one of the top 100 companies for its particularly high recognition of the "patent grant success rate" and "global reach of the portfolio" as well as high ratings in the other criteria.
Fujifilm strives to continue creating value for society and contributing to resolving social issues while seeking opportunities for business growth, and to develop intellectual properties that significantly contribute to business through close coordination of business and R&D. Fujifilm will continue to promote active R&D and work to protect and utilize intellectual properties developed from such R&D, to contribute to the enhancement of the corporate value of the global Fujifilm Group and sustainable social development.


Why hasn't my question been answered yet? - I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here!
Firstly check that it hasn't been answered yet. Your answered questions should appear on your profile page. We will also email you to let you know if we have your email address, but sometimes our emails go into the spam folder.
Secondly, give it some time. Scientists are real people with jobs, they're volunteering their own free time to answer questions. Scientists will answer all the questions they can, as quickly as they can, but it might take until the next day.
Also, if two students ask the same question then we'll delete one but put both students' names on the one we keep. So your name may be there but not your exact words.
If you think your question hasn't been answered because of a technical problem, please email support@imascientist.org.uk for help.


A Mexican Mariachi band that's sure to bring plenty of spice to your event! If you're looking for fun, laughter and tequila, the Mariachi Bueno band are certain to get the Fiesta started!
Mariachi Bueno provide a fun and uplifting Latin American sound, perfect for Mexican parties and Fiesta's. The band consists of four highly talented musicians to include male vocals/guitar, guitar, trumpet and guitarron, together creating this wonderfully enchanting and infectious sound! Promising to leave all your guests with an everlasting smile, the Mariachi Bueno are perfect for private parties, function events and wedding receptions.
The band also offer a range of line-ups including a duo, trio and quartet to accommodate all budgets and venue spaces. They cover a wide range of genres and artists that include The Beatles to Bon Jovi as well as all the Mexican classics! Please get in touch for more information.


We have been continuing our series in Acts on Sunday mornings. And we have come across the concept of contextualisation a number of times. But how important do we really think it is? How far are we willing to go to contextualise for the sake of the gospel?
Taking the opening verses of Acts 16 as our cue, listen to this short clip on how far Timothy was willing to go to contextualise and why much of what we do doesn't go nearly so far.


text:
Theisen steps up as role player, makes lasting impact on team
Abby Fullenkamp
ABBY FULLENKAMP Senior forward Ian Theisen (45) and sophomore guard Beau Brown (15) cheer on their teammates during the second half of the game against USD Feb. 22. The Jacks won 76-72. The men are the first seed for the Summit League Tournament.
Landon Dierks
Ian Theisen's career at South Dakota State is coming to an end, but the effect he has had on the Jackrabbit men's basketball program will not be forgotten.
The senior forward from Osseo, Minnesota, started every game for the Jackrabbits as a sophomore, but has been the backup to Mike Daum for the past two seasons.
Playing behind Daum has caused Theisen to be overlooked, but the lack of attention and transition from starting to sitting the bench has not affected his attitude on the court.
"I think a lot of guys when they hear the term 'role player' don't really like it, and I probably wouldn't like it either, but I'm really close with all the guys and everybody here wants to win," Theisen said.
Theisen's willingness to sacrifice for his teammates doesn't go unnoticed. His teammates know how important he is to their overall success.
"Ian is one of the best teammates I've ever had," Daum said. "He's willing to go into battle with you every day on the basketball court and do whatever it takes to help the team win the game."
Though he is no longer a starter, the coaching staff's confidence in Theisen has never wavered, according to SDSU assistant coach Rob Klinkefus.
This season, Theisen is averaging five points and 3.5 rebounds in just under 18 minutes per contest. Klinkefus said Theisen's statistics do not tell the whole story.
"If you start taking a look at the games that he's played, how many wins we've had and just the overall success of a mid-major program, there's not going to be many people that can say that they've had more. Ian has been a huge part of all of it," Klinkefus said.
Theisen said it does not matter how many minutes he plays or points he scores as long as the team wins.
"I came to this program because it wins a lot," Theisen said. "I want to be remembered as a guy who helped the team win and made the team better when I stepped onto the floor."
Theisen is hoping to play in his third straight NCAA Tournament in March. He has 93 wins in his collegiate career and will leave SDSU as one of the most successful Jackrabbits in the history of the men's basketball program, but his playing career might not stop with SDSU. He is exploring options to play professionally in England.
Landon Dierks, Sports Editor
A native of Mitchell, South Dakota, senior Landon Dierks is studying journalism and marketing at South Dakota State University.
Landon was named sports...


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
GRIN Taxonomy for Plants

#### Published in
Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30:17. 1916

#### Original name
null

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Whether a company has been in business for one year or for 100 years, redesigns are an inevitable, expensive part - with vast ramifications - of doing business. So although redesigns are relatively commonplace, they must not be taken lightly. This book deconstructs package redesign, providing vital information for the business owner, who has to make this all-important decision as well as for the designer who must execute the project. Our society is susceptible to messages sent by cleverly designed packaging. Whereas a budget-minded consumer might be drawn to inexpensive-looking boxes, someone looking for a pure, organic line of cosmetics would be attracted to upscale black-and-gold embossed packages. Designs use many tactics to grab attention. This book walks readers through the various approaches to packaging design as well as the various reasons for a redesign such as outdated packaging, a change of focus or market or in the target customer etc, so that business people and designers can choose the right strategy for their products and audiences.


I woke up in the middle of the night last night, in horror at the realization that the tent I need for the farmer's market might not fit into the car. I had picked up a new car from Enterprise Rentals. The last one was too small in the driver's area. I felt cramped getting in and out of the car. So, I requested a new car. This time, I got a Chevy Impala.
This car had plenty of space for all the passengers. I would have no problems taking a trip with all of my four children. The steering wheel was at a perfect height for me. I could fix the seat exactly to where I needed it to be: not to close to the steering wheel yet close enough for my short legs to reach the pedals.
I had already taken the car out on a road trip and I was impressed by how well it cruised down the highway. The gas mileage was good, especially considering it was a V-6. The pick up was excellent. I had no trouble when I pulled out to pass. I was beginning to think I had finally found a car to compete with my Ford Fusion.
Then I woke in the middle of the night with the realization that, because the back seats did not fold down, I might not be able to fit in my tent. I need a tent for the farmer's markets. I am outside all day and I need protection from the weather, whether warm and sunny or cold and rainy. I knew the tent would not fit in the trunk unless the seats could fold down. I had forgotten about the tent when I had picked up the car. I had known that the seats did not fold down, and I was irritated by that; however, I was willing to give the car a chance. Now I knew why I needed the seats to fold down.
There was nothing to do but go back to sleep, knowing that I might have to take two trips to get all the supplies to the market.
As it turned out, the tent fit, not in the trunk, but in the back seat, from door to door. The Chevy Impala is large enough to fit the length of the tent along the back floor. I was impressed. The trunk was large enough to fit the table, my chairs, and my products. Only one large bucket of supplies had to go into the back seat, along with the tent on the floor. This car was definitely large enough for what I needed a car to be.
I have checked the Internet, and I can get an Impala that has fold-down back seats. The model that I am renting does not have that feature, but the other two models could come with that option. I found a car that could rival my Ford Fusion.
The next step was to investigate prices. It appears that Chevy Impalas are slightly less than Ford Fusions. Perhaps the gas mileage is better in a Ford Fusion to justify the higher cost. Perhaps adding the option of the fold-out back seats in the Impala would push the price higher. More research is needed.
I have almost two more months before the insurance coverage will be reaching its limits on the rental. In that time, I plan to ensure I know which vehicle I want to purchase next. Out of the five vehicles I have rented over the past six weeks, this Chevy Impala is the only one that has been put on the list of "possibilities." I do want to rent a Ford Fusion to remind myself of why I liked mine so much. Then I will be able to compare the two choices.
Perhaps I'll even try one more type of vehicle before the limit is reached. And then again, maybe not. I do rather enjoy driving this Impala.


text:
//
//   Copyright 2016  Cityzen Data
//
//   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//   You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//   limitations under the License.
//

package io.warp10.script.functions;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Vector;

import io.warp10.continuum.gts.GeoTimeSerie;
import io.warp10.script.NamedWarpScriptFunction;
import io.warp10.script.WarpScriptStackFunction;
import io.warp10.script.WarpScriptException;
import io.warp10.script.WarpScriptStack;

/**
 * Clone (deep copy) the GTS on top of the stack or performs a shallow copy of collections
 */
public class CLONE extends NamedWarpScriptFunction implements WarpScriptStackFunction {

  public CLONE(String name) {
    super(name);
  }

  @Override
  public Object apply(WarpScriptStack stack) throws WarpScriptException {
    Object o = stack.pop();

    if (o instanceof GeoTimeSerie) {
      GeoTimeSerie gts = (GeoTimeSerie) o;

      GeoTimeSerie clone = gts.clone();

      stack.push(clone);
    } else if (o instanceof Vector) {
      stack.push(new Vector<Object>((Vector<Object>) o));
    } else if (o instanceof List) {
      stack.push(new ArrayList<Object>((List<Object>) o));
    } else if (o instanceof Map) {
      stack.push(new HashMap<Object,Object>((Map<Object,Object>) o));
    } else if (o instanceof Set) {
      stack.push(new HashSet<Object>((Set<Object>) o));
    } else {
      throw new WarpScriptException(getName() + " operates on List, Map, Set, Vector or Geo Time Series.");
    }

    // Push the original element back onto the stack
    stack.push(o);
    stack.swap();

    return stack;
  }
}


Текст песни группы Bob Dylan -"Gotta Travel On"
And it seems like I"ve got to travel on.
Papa writes to Johnny, "Johnny, can"t you come home ?
Johnny, can"t you come home ? Johnny, can"t you come home ?"
Papa writes to Johnny, "Johnny, can"t you come home ?"


إذا كنت تبحث عن فندق بموقع جيد في هون فالى، فقد وجدت ضالتك في Driftwood Holiday Cottages . يسهل الوصول إلى هذا الفندق ذو 3.5 نجوم من المطار، فهو يبعد عنه مسافة فقط. يوفر الفندق بفضل موقعة الجيد وصولاً سهلاً إلى أهم معالم المدينة.
. كما يقدم Driftwood Holiday Cottages الكثير من الخدمات لإغناء رحلتك في هون فالى. يمكن للنزلاء الاستمتاع بالميزات التالية: واي فاي مجاني في جميع الغرف, تخزين الأمتعة, واي فاي في المناطق العامة, صف السيارات, غرفة عائلية أثناء إقامتهم في هذا المكان الرائع.
تنعكس أجواء Driftwood Holiday Cottages في غرف الضيوف.تلفزيون بشاشة مسطحة, حوض الاسترخاء, غرف لغير المدخنين, مكيف هواء, تدفئة هي بعض الميزات الموجود في العديد من الغرف. إن حديقة هو المكان الأمثل في الفندق للاسترخاء وتفريغ طاقتك بعد نهار طويل. يحظى فندق Driftwood Holiday Cottages بموقع ممتاز وخدمات يصعب منافستها.
Was fortunate to land a waterfront room. Adequate facilities within resort but little to do in Dover itself. A little overpriced in my opinion but checking in on Jan 2nd I am guessing its during peak holiday season. Good for a 1 night stay..
Definitely recommend to anyone to stay here, the beach house was beautiful and a lovely getaway for the weekend. Wonderful view, and sitting in the spa looking at the stars was amazing!!
Love the driving distance from Hobart to Driftwood!
The accommodation was in a lovely spot, right across the road from the water. Well equipped and comfortable. The underfloor heating worked really well.
We had a lovely relaxing stay, having been at conference prior to going to Dover. Not much to do in dover, part of the charm. Pizza place around the corner was great. We went to Bruny Island for the day,, easy trip. Also, not too far from Hobart, so easy to drive back and catch a morning flight home. Check in was easy, room was comfortable, nothing extravagant, but adequate for our needs.
We have travelled a lot and this is one of the best places we have every stayed in. The setting, the facilities and the overall experience was superb. Just loved sitting on the porch looking at the water. Can I suggest you just book it now?
View from the room was fantastic. Suitable to self cater an just relax. Clean and hassle free.
we had a 2 year old and stayed quite comfortably with her in the room (supplied our own cot). the rooms were well laid out and the staff are helpful. they offered a full range of movies to make use of for our stay. depending on the time of your stay (day of the week) you may find dining options limited. if this is the case i would suggest dining at geeveston as it is only a 20min drive north. can't beat the veiws for the price. lovely walk along the waterfront into town as well.


text:
WATCH De Dana Dan (2009) DVDRip - Hindi Movie - Hindi online
THE BEST Web Hosting........
PLAY MOST AMAZING FLASH GAMES.............
warez-freak - FORUM ALL IN ONE PLACE
In De Dana Dan Johnny Lever plays a hitman named Kala. He sits down in a coffee shop and introduces himself to someone: "hello, I'm Kala. The guys says: toh maine kab bola gora hai. This low-IQ, college canteen humour made me laugh, and it is as good as it gets in the film. The movie starts out funny but gradually becomes more and more exhausting. The film sticks to what seems to have become the standard formula for Bollywood comedies. Many characters with different agendas get together in one location. What follows is misunderstood identities, slaps, Tom and Jerry style chases and cartoonish violence. You recall Daddy Cool, Do Knot Disturb, All the Best – De Dana Dan is one more from that school of laughter. Akshay Kumar, the reason this film got made, plays Nitin, a glorified servant who works for someone called Singapore's Cruella de Ville, playted by Archana Puran Singh. The only thing she loves is money and her dog named Moolchand ji. Nitin who is poor is desperate and kidnaps the dog hoping to get rich on the ransom but Moolchand ji is smarter. The dog escapes and the police believe that Nitin is the victim. There are around 22 characters in the film and soon every one lands up in a hotel. The hotel must have given rooms and shooting premises for free because the camera seems to pan to its name and exterior façade between every shot. And of course, the slaps, chases and violence that I mentioned follow. Some of this strictly low-brow humour is fun. Akshay, in full throttle, energises the lame scenes and keeps the momentum going for the first half. But in the second, he does a disappearing act. He gets shut in a cupboard and the film goes into free-fall. We see Shakti Kapoor attempting to bed Neha Duphia who in turn attempts to bed Vikram Gokhale. Meanwhile, Johnny Lever is trying to kill the wrong man; lots of money is being tossed around in suitcases, everybody screams and there is a wedding in progress. The film gets more tedious as the plot gets more convoluted and by the climax, in which everyone floats around as the hotel gets flooded, I could barely keep my eyes open. The humour is so labored that I felt like someone was beating me to laugh. And I finally understood why the credits in many Priyadarshan films say filmed by Priyadarshan instead of directed by Priyadarshan. Because there is little sense that someone is actually directing this circus. It feels like the actors are in a free-for all and a camera is filming the chaos. Cast: Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty, Katrina Kaif, Paresh Rawal, Sameera Reddy Director: Priyadarshan In our school days we were taught nonsense rhymes that were incoherent, jumbled words strung together trendily. "De Dana Dan" is a 150-minute-long nonsense rhyme. Its power to mock every rule of sensible and intelligent filmmaking simply infuriates and exasperates you to a point of complete breakdown of communication between cinema and art. The characters are fairly funny to begin with. Akshay Kumar as Archana Puran Singh's slave-cum-driver is the portrait of anguished hilarity. He brings to his part of the servile toy-boy a kind of facile fury that flaunts an easygoing sense of self-deprecating comedy. Suniel Shetty as Akshay's partner in the nonsense rhyme scheme seems to enjoy the comicality initially...At least he's relaxed until the frames begin to fill up with more characters than Noah's Ark and the spaceship invented to save mankind in Roland Emmerich's "2012" combined. There are more characters romping in confusion in "De Dena Dan" than in any of Priyadarshan's over-crowded comedies. Two marriageable women (Katrina Kaif and Sameera Reddy) with secret lovers, their harassed fathers, Tinu Anand and Manoj Joshi, an avaricious father-in-law-to-be (Paresh Rawal) and his son (Chunky Pandey), a tart (Neha Dhupia) willing to sleep with anyone who pays. And that includes poor Vikram Gokhale who looks out of place in the boisterous goings-on. "De Dana Dan" is like a jabbering juggernaut hurling with its fast-talking, constantly-moving army of characters into a region of utter chaos. The screenplay throws forward a gaggle of incoherent gags, which suggest that the melee of characters is more distressed by their financial than emotional condition in life. Soon we, the audience, cease to figure out what the characters are up to or how they are inter-related, if at all. Just go with the flow. At times, literally because at the climax we have the characters swimming and spluttering in a flood of water let loose from a bombed terrace tank in a luxury hotel. Who planted the bomb? Is it the funny hitman Johnny Lever? Or the funnier assassin Asrani roaming around the hotel trying to hard sell a corpse in a coffin? All this, mind it, is supposed to be the summit of hilarity. The jokes depend almost entirely on the actors' ability to say the atrocious lines as though they mean it. Some like Akshay Kumar and Paresh Rawal succeed. Others don't. At the end of the day, this comedy of incredible mistaken identities and monstrous errors of judgement coaches us on the meaning of 'slapstick'...literally. Everyone slaps the person closest to him or her regardless of the reason or the repercussion. Zany or just plain witless? You decide. If this is the present and future of mainstream Hindi entertainment then we need to do some serious thinking on the way a coterie of super-successful directors and actors have redefined entertainment to a state of utter inanity. "De Dana Dan" is not a film. It's a series of skits strung together to convey a sense of baggy fun and frivolous entertainment. Indo-Asian News Service I'm always happy to revel in pedestrian comedy but De Dana Dan feels more like work than entertainment. movies, songs, puzzle, games, softwares nikhil r world


To Good To Be True? Genuine Savings vs Gimmicks!
Sales Ad sounds too good to be true? If it sounds unbelievable, beware, don't be fooled, all that glitters is often not gold!!
The market conditions that we all face at the moment naturally generate flurries of too good to be true special offers to try and relieve you of your hard earned dollars.
Inclusions and free offers have to be paid for by somebody and inevitably that's you, the customer, in one way or another. A spectacular list of extra grants, free offers, money off and glitzy inclusions is difficult to overlook and you wouldn't be human if you didn't want to check out the headline advertising phrases that are swamping the new homes market right now.
In total contrast we at Home Builders Advantage offer you a simple no quibble guarantee that beats any offer out there. We will beat any total construction price that you can get on a comparable design and specification by a minimum of $20,000 on even the smallest home. No hidden costs, no smoke, no mirrors just plain simple economics. By using our huge volume related buying power we can negotiate you a wholesale price for your new home build at rates the retail market just cannot give you. Why pay retail? Build Wholesale! is our trademarked unique selling point. We've had to prove it to the Australian Trading Standards people to trade mark it, so let us show you how we do it too.
On top of that absolute promise to save you money honestly by our bulk buying deals, is the unique and bespoke custom design that we will deliver in house for you within 7 days of your initial design brief with our designers. We will also complement the process by letting you choose everything that you want in your new home if you wish, no standard lists, no extras, all your choices included at wholesale prices within the tender that you ultimately receive from our award winning builders.
So, if you want true value for money without hidden costs covering the wild headline offers that abound, why not try Home Builders Advantage reliable tried and tested service? Over 1000 satisfied customers have all beaten the market using the process.
A dream home customised to your specification at prices that even Project builders struggle to achieve! What have you got to lose? Call us today for a free no obligation review of your requirements. We guarantee you will be amazed by what you can achieve with our open and honest best value deals.
← 4 Benefits of Downsizing!


It's that time of year again! It is time to clean out the back closet, the flat files, and all of the drawers- making room for new projects!
This summer, we are having a Light Grey Fundraiser, selling archival gallery prints, printed book projects, the Light Grey Tarot, paper toys, temporary tattoos and more!
Since opening our doors in March of 2012, we have hosted more than 15 large group shows, and exhibited over 1000 artists from all over the world!! We are extremely grateful for all of the artists who participate in our shows and classes, as well as the local arts community, and of course, our online community!
This fundraiser is intended to both celebrate and revive these beautiful prints, as well as give visitors to the gallery a chance to directly assist Light Grey is making future projects come to life. All proceeds from the fundraiser will go towards new workshops and classroom materials, published projects, and supporting our large and collaborative exhibitions.
The fundraiser will be July 12-14th from 10am-7pm. We will have tons of discounted prints to choose from, books, and works from all of our shows.
Are you out of town and would like to participate? No problem, we will be setting up an option on our Light Grey shop to purchase combinations of projects and prints. More details to come!
Thanks for your support and we hope to see you here!


text:
A warning from Alexander Hamilton
The truth unquestionably is, that the only path to a subversion of the republican system of the Country is, by flattering the prejudices of the people, and exciting their jealousies and apprehensions, to throw affairs into confusion, and bring on civil commotion. Tired at length of anarchy, or want of government, they may take shelter in the arms of monarchy for repose and security.
Those then, who resist a confirmation of public order, are the true Artificers of monarchy—not that this is the intention of the generality of them. Yet it would not be difficult to lay the finger upon some of their party who may justly be suspected.
When a man unprincipled in private life desperate in his fortune, bold in his temper, possessed of considerable talents, having the advantage of military habits—despotic in his ordinary demeanour—known to have scoffed in private at the principles of liberty—when such a man is seen to mount the hobby horse of popularity—to join in the cry of danger to liberty—to take every opportunity of embarrassing the General Government & bringing it under suspicion—to flatter and fall in with all the non sense of the zealots of the day—It may justly be suspected that his object is to throw things into confusion that he may "ride the storm and direct the whirlwind."
— Alexander Hamilton August 18, 1792
Sign in if you'd like new recruits to be credited to you.
The Democratic Party of McHenry County
Follow @mchenrydems on Twitter
info@mchenrydems.org • 847-906-1559 • Click here to join our email list.
Authorized and paid for by The Democratic Party of McHenry County. A copy of our report filed with the State Board of Elections is (or will be) available on the Board's official website (www.elections.il.gov) or for purchase from the State Board of Elections, Springfield, Illinois.
PO Box 1126, Crystal Lake, IL 60014, United States
The Democratic Party of McHenry County © 2019. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Nested writes in Prisma orm My schema looks like this:
model Transaction {
 id                 BigInt       @id @default(autoincrement())
 description        String?      @db.VarChar(256)
 category           Category?    @relation(fields: [categoryId], references: [id])
 createdById        Int          @map("fk_created_by")
 createdBy          UserAccount  @relation("category_fk_created_byTouser_account", fields: [createdById], references: [id]
}

model Category {
  id                      Int                     @id @default(autoincrement())
  name                    String                  @db.VarChar(40)
  categoryFilters         CategoryFilter[]
}

model CategoryFilter {
  id                  BigInt         @id @default(autoincrement())
  words               String         @db.VarChar(255)
  categoryId          Int?           @map("fk_category_id")
}

My question is why this works:
  await prisma.workspaceTransaction.create({
    data: {
      description: 'any',
      createdBy: {
        connect: {
          id: 1
        }
      },
      category: {
        create: {
          name: 'Este é um teste',
          createdById: 1,
          categoryFilters: {
            createMany: {
              data: [
                {
                  words: 'Novo teste'
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  })

And this not?
await prisma.workspaceTransaction.create({
    data: {
      description: 'any',
      createdById: 1,
      category: {
        create: {
          name: 'Este é um teste',
          createdById: 1,
          categoryFilters: {
            createMany: {
              data: [
                {
                  words: 'Novo teste'
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  })

The only difference between those two examples is in createdBy command. And i can create Transaction without nested objects with createdById argument. Any one know why this works this way? Or there is something i am missing?
The error given is:
Unknown arg createdById in data.createdById for type TransactionCreateInput

A: In the second example, you are directly writing a foreign key (createdById) which is considered unsafe, what if there is no UserAccount corresponding to createdById.
While using connect in the first example it would throw an error if Prisma cannot find an UserAccount corresponding to id 1.
First example is the preferred approach.


Women across the Cape Fear Region fastened their tool belts and picked up their hammers to help a local family build the home they have been waiting for.
During the week of May 5th-12th, over 200 women divided into teams to build a home for a local mother and her two children in New Hanover County. This massive team effort was a part of "National Women Build Week", a partnership initiative by Habitat for Humanity and Lowe's Home Improvement. Throughout the fundraising campaign, donors had the opportunity to donate in honor of a strong woman in their life.
WWAY was on hand to cover the local build organized by Cape Fear Habitat for Humanity.
In support of these efforts, Jeff Gordon Chevrolet donated refreshments for the volunteer teams and provided some helping hands for the first build day of the week.
National Women Build Week took place in over 300 communities across the country, timed to line up with the Mother's Day holiday. Lowe's Home Improvement has donated over $2 million dollars to the growing initiative.
Check out out the National Facebook Group to follow the stories across the country. Learn more for Cape Fear Habitat for Humanity at capefearhabitat.org. And, check out the full album from the week here.
Keep up with more that Jeff Gordon Chevy is doing around the Wilmington community by following Jeff Gordon Events on Facebook.


This is a placeholder page for Getzemani Alvarado, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Getzemani Alvarado.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Getzemani Alvarado. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Getzemani Alvarado. We created this page automatically in hopes Getzemani Alvarado would find it. If you are not Getzemani Alvarado, but are an alumni of Ceres High School, register on this site for free now.


text:
Mandø eller Manø er en 7,63 km² dansk tidevandsø i Vadehavet mellem Rømø (mod syd) og Fanø (mod nord), der indtil inddigningen i 1937 var en hallig. I 2023 havde øen 31 indbyggere, og disse bor i Mandø By, der er beliggende på den vestlige del af øen. Låningsvejen, der forbinder Mandø med Vester Vedsted i Jylland, er offentlig og kan benyttes, hvis man kender tidevandet og ved, hvornår der er lavvande.

Navnet Mandø er optegnet tilbage til begyndelsen af 1200-tallet med den ældste stavemåde værende Mannæø, øens navn betyder angiveligt "mændenes ø".

Øens beliggenhed har udsat den for adskillige stormfloder gennem historien, og disse har været med til at forme og omforme øen flere gange. Som følge af stormflodernes blivende trussel mod øen er der gennem årene blevet bygget flere diger, for at sikre denne mod havet, og i vore dage er der dige næsten hele vejen rundt om øen.

I 1970 blev Mandø Kommune optaget i Ribe Kommune, og øen blev fra 2007 en del af Esbjerg Kommune. Mandø udgør et eget sogn, Mandø Sogn, og øens nuværende kirke er opført i 1639 og efterfølgende restaureret i 1727 (efter endnu en stormflod). Det er den tredje kendte kirke på Mandø. Sognet betjenes af præsten fra Vester Vedsted, og i 2022 og 2023 var Mandø Sogn det eneste sogn i Danmark, hvor samtlige indbyggere var medlem af folkekirken.

Mandø har status som vildt- og naturreservat og har siden 2010 været en del af Nationalpark Vadehavet, hvor Mandø er placeret omtrentlig i midten af denne Nationalpark. Nationalpark Vadehavet er tillige en af de danske lokaliteter, der er optaget på UNESCOs verdensarvsliste.

Indtil 1996 gik øens børn i skole på selve Mandø, men det år blev skolen nedlagt og i stedet blev Mandø Centret etableret. De tidligere skolebygninger bruges nu til lejrskole, hotel, restaurant og naturmuseum.

Mandø By
Bebyggelsen på øen er koncentreret omkring Mandø By, som er beliggende på en klitrække på øens vestligste og højeste punkt.

Af faciliteter er der Brugsen, Mandø Centret, cáfe, campingplads og Bed & Breakfast.

Mange af landsbyens beboere er pensionister, og for de erhvervsaktive er turismen den væsentligste indtægtskilde. Børnene fra Mandø går i skole på Vadehavsskolen i Egebæk-Hvidding og kører hver dag med traktorbussen til fastlandet.

Øens eneste butik Brugsen har et bredt udvalg af dagligvarer og fungerer også som et uofficielt turist-informationskontor. Mange af de gamle huse i Mandø by er heller ikke længere helårshuse, men er købt af efterkommere efter mandøboere og bruges som sommerhuse.

I ældre tid udgjorde landbrug øens vigtigste næringsvej. Befolkningstallet har gennem det sidste århundrede været i tilbagegang, og antallet af fastboende ligger nu på omkring 30, men sommerhusbebyggelsen og turismen udgør en vis kompensation for det faldende befolkningstal. En del af dem, der har landbrug, har andet arbejde ved siden af som f.eks vedligeholdelse af faskiner, kirketjener, hjemmehjælper eller lignende. Antallet af heltidslandbrug er faldet fra ca. 25 i 1970 til ét i 1997.

Koresand
Den ca. 20 km² store sandbanke Koresand  i Vadehavet sydvest for Mandø, strækker sig mod syd til Juvre Dyb ved Rømø. Den er er nutidigt eksempel på et højsand i vækst hen imod en mulig udvikling af en barriere-klitø.
Koresand er ved flod en ø, men bliver ved ebbe landfast med Mandø. Man kan være på sandbanken i omkring tre timer, inden højvandet afskærer Koresand fra Mandø og Mandø fra fastlandet. På den sydlige del ned mod Juvre Dyb ved Rømø er der et sælreservat, hvor man på afstand med kikkert kan observere sælerne.

Mandø Kirke
Mandø Kirke, bygget 1639, restaureret 1727 er en langhusbygning af munkesten med et vest for liggende våbenhus fra 1728. Kirken og kirkegården ligger på et værft for at at sikre den under højvande. Der var en fastboende præst på øen indtil 1996, hvor præsteembedet blev slået sammen med Vester Vedsted. Præsten for Mandø og Vester Vedsted sogne bor i Vester Vedsted, og den gamle præstegård på Mandø er solgt som sommerhus.

Trafik
Den gamle, med grene afmærkede, Ebbevej (hvor færdsel kræver speciel tilladelse) stammer fra Ribedigets opførelse i 1914. Det er hændt flere gange, at bilister, uden at kende til ebbe og flod er blevet overrasket af det pludselige højvande.

Indtil 1960'erne var der fragtsejlads til Mandø, især med vejmaterialer, brændsel og kraftfoder til kreaturer og får. I flere år sørgede everten "Karen af Mandø" (bygget 1924) for søtransporten til øen. Lægteren var fladbundet og kunne dermed hvile på havbunden ved ebbe, så det var muligt med heste og traktorvogne at komme ud til skibet. "Karen", bygget på Esbjerg Skibsværft i 1924 til sejlads på Mandø, havde en bund af egetræ.

Ved Ribediget vest for Vester Vedsted begynder den offentlige vej Låningsvejen (fuldført 1978). Lige før Mandø kører man ind på den asfalterede vej "Riberampen", som er kørselsvejen gennem bydiget bygget i 1887. Rampen kan i tilfælde af stormflod lukkes med planker og sandsække.

Låningsvejen med grus er hævet ca. 75 cm. over havbunden er offentlig og kan benyttes, hvis man kender tidevandet og ved, hvornår der er lavvande, og det tager cirka 20 minutter at passere den. Vejen er sikret gennem landvindingsaktiviteter, dvs. ved faskinlåninger på begge sider. Ved Mandø er forskellen på høj- og lavvande ca. 1,75 meter. Vejen bliver løbende vedligeholdt, da den nogle steder synker bl.a. på grund af mose og tørvelag under sandbunden. Vejnettet på øen er begrænset til "hovedvejen" til Mandø By samt digevejen, som følger diget øen rundt.

Låningsvejen giver normalt mulighed for kørsel 2 gange i døgnet i kortere eller længere tid. Alt er afhængigt af tidevandet. Måne og vind bestemmer over ebbe og flod. Ebbe og flod rykker ca. 45 min hvert døgn.

Ved kirken er der anlagt en helikopterlandingsplads. Helikoptertransport anvendes i nødstilfælde, hvis øen på grund af is eller storm er blevet isoleret, eller hvis en sygetransport til fastlandet skal foretages hurtigt.

Historie
På den ene sidevæg i Mandø Kirke hænger der 10.000 år gamle rensdyrtakker fundet på et højsand vest for øen. Dengang var der fastland og tørt langt ud i Vesterhavet ca. 2-300 km ud fra kysten.

Ingen ved ved med sikkerhed, hvor længe Mandø har eksisteret. Mandø nævnes første gang 1231 i Kong Valdemars Jordebog, men har eksisteret længe før den tid. Man ved, at der boede mennesker på Mandø i starten af 1300-tallet. 1340 blev Mandø Kirke optegnet i en oversigt over kirker i Ribe Stift.

Den første bebyggelse på Mandø lå på den del, som i nutiden kaldes Gammel Mandø. Her var der tidligt en kirke og en landsby. Gammel Mandø er den del af øen, man fra fastlandet først ankommer til, når man passerer ind over havdiget. I dag er der intet tilbage af den tidligere landsby, og området henligger som marker og enge.

I 1558 hærgede en voldsom stormflod, og Mandø by, der dengang lå på den nordligste del af Mandø, blev oversvømmet. Stormfloden "kløvede" Mandø i to større øer ved den såkaldte "Store Lo", og beboerne byggede deres nye ejendomme på den sydligste af de to øer, "Ny Mandø", i nærheden af klitrækken mod vest.

Sagnet fortæller, at 7 mænd, som tilfældigvis arbejdede med høet inde i Mandø Hølade på fastlandet, overlevede stormfloden i 1558. De 7 mænd fandt i Ho og på Fanø deres nye koner og flyttede kort tid efter tilbage til Mandø. Der er formodninger om, at navnet Mandø opstod på grund af ovennævnte episode.

Kirken på Gammel Mandø forsvandt fuldstændig ved stormfloden, ikke engang soklen stod tilbage. I stedet opførtes en ny på Ny Mandø i 1570.

Det har ikke altid været enhver mands ret at samle østers i Vadehavet. I 1587 udsendte Frederik 2. et åbent brev, hvori han krævede eneretten til alle østers i Vadehavet. Brevet afsluttes med at notere, hvorledes man kunne forvente dødsstraf, hvis man dristede sig til at indsamle de kongelige østers. Frederik II's monopol varede indtil 1676, hvor retten til østers i Vadehavet overgik til Schackenborg Gods.

Stormfloden den 11. oktober 1634 spredte død og ødelæggelse syd for Mandø, og store dele af øen blev oversvømmet, men ingen mistede livet. Kun kirken blev igen ødelagt, og i 1639 blev der igen bygget en ny kirke.

Indtil 1700-tallet var ingen af øens marker inddiget. Beboerne oplevede ofte, at en tidlig efterårsstormflod skyllede hele høhøsten bort.

I 1652 boede der på øen ca. 130 mennesker, og da det var svært at leve af landbruget alene, begyndte en del af beboerne at supplere med fiskeri, hvilket skabte en positiv udvikling for øen.

I 1727 blev Ny Mandøs tredje kirke, den nuværende kirke bygget.

Mandø havde været kronens gods indtil 1741, hvor øboerne købte den for 864 rigsdaler og var nu forpligtet til selv at skulle betale præstens løn og vedligeholde kirken. Man fik endvidere rettighederne til jagt og strandingsgods. Renden øst om Mandø var efterhånden sandet helt til, og det var nu muligt at nå fastlandet til fods eller hest. Vejen blev afmærket med riskoste hvert forår.

Fra midten af 1700-tallet til omkring 1900 var skibsfart øens vigtigste erhverv. Erfaringen fra fiskeriet gjorde, at mændene tog job som matroser, styrmænd og kaptajner på skibe verden over, og landbruget blev overladt til kvinderne. De mange storme medførte en kraftig sandflugt fra klitterne i vest. Kvinderne byggede derfor et dige omkring et 60 ha stort område øst for byen som et værn mod de gentagne oversvømmelser. I digerne lavede kvinderne små sluser af træ til afvanding af agrene. Diget var ca. 180 cm højt og lå 3 meter over daglig vande. Men klitrækkerne mod vest, som skulle beskytte indbyggerne, led hårdt under den kraftige sandflugt, der fulgte i hælene på stormene, som ramte området. I 1870'erne tilplantede man klitterne med hjelmgræs for at komme denne sandflugt til livs. I samme periode opførtes "Toftegårdsdiget", der inddæmmede i alt 118 ha, som blev fordelt blandt øens 47 lodsejere.

I 1776 blev øens første skole bygget, og den bestod af et skolehus med degnebolig. Fra 1819 blev øens præst enelærer. I 1884 blev skolen udvidet med en skolestue mere.

I 1820 fik Mandø sin første mølle. Indtil da blev kornet kørt til fastlandet og malet i Skallebæk Mølle nær Seem, hvilket var meget besværligt. Den første mølle blev opført som en stubmølle, men den var vanskelig at håndtere, og allerede 10 år efter blev den nuværende vindmølle, en såkaldt hollandsk mølle opført.

Efter stormfloden i 1881, som gennembrød Toftegårdsdiget, voksede ønsket om et højere og mere stabilt bydige, og i 1887 blev der inddæmmet ca. 150 ha. Opførelsen af bydiget bevirkede, at indbyggertallet steg, og omkring 1890 havde den lille vadehavsø 262 indbyggere, 92 levede af jordbrug, 59 af skibsfart, 22 af industri og 13 af handel. Der var en købmand, en kromand, to smede, en bager og en snedker.

I 1885 udbyggedes den eksisterende skole og præsten, som stod for undervisningen, fik nu assistance af en vinterlærerinde.

Syd for Mandø by står der en mindesten om Baunsbjerget, eller Bål-bjerget, der ligger bag stenen. I gamle dage, før telefonen kom til øen i 1889, tændte man bål på denne klit. Bålet betød, at mandøboerne savnede lægehjælp og fra Vester Vedsted sendte man en båd afsted med den ønskede læge. Ligeledes baunede man også fra fastlandet, når sømændene vendte hjem til jul. Man signalerede så fra Mandø med et bål som svar på, at en båd var sendt af sted efter de ventende søfolk.

Den eneste postforbindelse til omverdenen var, når beboerne skulle til fastlandet. Fra 1870 gik en post to gange ugentlig til fastlandet, og i 1874 blev denne ordning udvidet med daglig postforbindelse til Vester Vedsted. Samtidigt forpligtede postvæsenet sig til at have en båd i reserve, så højvandet ikke blev en forhindring. I 1889 blev der åbnet op for yderligere forbindelse til omverdenen med opførelsen af en lokal telefoncentral.

I 1897 blev mejeriet indviet, og produktionen bestod af mælken fra øens godt 100 malkekøer, fordelt på 35 andelshavere. Omkring år 1900 flyttede mange fra øen, da sejladsen ophørte, og i 1928 levede beboerne hovedsageligt af øen 28 landbrug.

I 1899 blev den nye skole med to klasseværelser samt bolig til andenlæreren bygget, og i 1907 fik man en læge, der boede på øen fra december til marts.

Omkring 1900 opførte øens beboere forsamlingshuset, som senere ombygget til kro. Den er blevet renoveret flere gange, men er holdt i den oprindelige stil.

I 1912 blev øens redningsstation bygget. 1920 forliste fiskekutteren Valborg af Fanø ved Mandø. Redningsstationens aktion redede kutterens besætning på to. 1961 blev redningsstationen nedlagt.

Under 2. verdenskrig var der en tysk flymeldepost, der skulle afsløre allierede fly. Posten havde et trætårn med en kikkert, og mandskabet boede i barakker. Mandø blev også brugt som rekreationssted for soldater, der havde været ved Østfronten under 2. verdenskrig.

I 1943 blev skolen udvidet med gymnastiksal, skolekøkken, sløjdlokale og bibliotek. 1946 fratrådte præsten som lærer, og der blev ansat en førstelærer og en lærerinde. 1964 bliver præsten igen førstelærer. 1977 havde skolen 16 elever.

I 1952 fik Mandø sit eget elektricitetsværk. Mandøboerne havde indtil da været tvunget til at bruge petroleumslamper. Elektricitetsværket blev lukket i 1971, da der blev lagt elkabel fra fastlandet til øen. Elværkets bygning findes stadig på øen og bruges i dag som sommerhus.

Indtil 1960'erne var der fragtsejlads til Mandø med vejmaterialer, brændsel og kraftfoder til kreaturer og får. I flere år sørgede everten " Karen af Mandø" (1924) for søtransporten til øen. Skibet var fladbundet, og det var mulig for heste og traktorer at komme ud til skibet.

I 1962 blev der foretaget en udskiftning, hvorved de fleste ejendomme fik samlet de parceller, de havde rundt omkring på øen, til større enheder. 1967 ophørte mejeriet med at levere konsummælk, men smørproduktionen fortsatte. Mejeriet lukkede i 1971 og er nu genopbygget på frilandsmuseet Hjerl Hede. Det er fuldt monteret med maskiner, således at der kan fremstilles almindelige mejeriprodukter.

I 1965 købte Mandøsamfundet et hus på Mandø, bygget 1839 og som tidligere havde været skipperhjem. Huset er stadig indrettet som på opførselstidspunktet og er nu Mandøs hjemstavnsmuseum, hvor gæsterne får et indtryk af livet på øen i 1800-tallet.

Mandøs grundvand har altid haft en dårlig kvalitet, og i 1971 blev det påbudt, at drikkevandet skulle koges. 1978 blev der nedgravet en vandledning fra fastlandet til øen.

Stormfloden i 1981 forårsagede så omfattende digebrud og oversvømmelser, at vandet ødelagde både hav- og bydiget. Næsten hele Mandø stod under vand – 200 får og 18 kreaturer druknede. Det lykkedes ikke at drive dyrene hjem, da de ikke ville gå op imod den hårde vind. Diget blev forstærket efter stormen, og øen er nu beskyttet af hav- og bydige. Siden er der kun opstået mindre huller i diget. Under orkanen og stormfloden december 1999 var situationen dog meget kritisk.

I 1996 blev skolen nedlagt, og Mandø Centret blev etableret. De tidligere skolebygninger bruges nu til lejrskole, hotel, restaurant og naturmuseum.

Den 18. juni 2010 væltede en traktortrukket turistvogn i et meter bredt og 50 cm dybt hul i Vadehavet mellem Mandø og Koresand. Tre blev dræbt og 36 kvæstedes. Hullet er sandsynligvis opstået i forbindelse med vinterens isskruninger. Hullet er så senere blevet fyldt op med materiale, som er løsere lejret end det omkringliggende materiale.

Geografi og geologi
Mandø var i sin oprindelige form dannet af småøer, der ved digebygning er blevet til en sammenhængende ø. Mod vest har to systemer dannet en buet kyst, hvor flyvesand har skabt to rækker klitter. Rundt om hele øens kyster er der mange eksempler på havaflejringer, nedbrydning og marskdannelser.

Øen er beskyttet af et havdige næsten hele vejen rundt om den 7,63 km² lille ø. En enkelt klitrække med op til 12 m høje klitter giver indbyggerne i Mandø By beskyttelse mod havet fra vest. Hovedparten af den inddigede marsk ligger som vedvarende græs, der i sommerhalvåret afgræsses af bl.a. kvæg fra fastlandet.

Sydvest for øen ligger højsandet Koresand. Et højsand er et område, der som regel ikke er oversvømmet ved højvande. Mandø har altid hørt til Danmark. Fra 1864 til 1920 gik statsgrænsen mellem Mandø og Rømø. Afstanden fra Vester Vedsted på fastlandet til Mandø by er 11 km, heraf ca. 6 km gennem Vadehavet.

Med sin beliggenhed midt i Vadehavet har Mandø altid været udsat for storme og oversvømmelser. Formodentlig ved en stormflod i 1558 blev Mandø oversvømmet og delt i 2 øer, og efter den store stormflod i 1634 flyttedes byen fra Gammel Mandø til placeringen ved klitterne på Ny Mandø. Mandø bestod gennem flere århundrede af 2 øer, men efterhånden aflejredes der så meget klæg og sand mellem øerne, at de i dag igen udgør en ø.

Stormflodsøjlen vest for  redningsstationen  fortæller om Mandøs nærkontakt med det ikke altid fredelige Vadehav. Mange gange gennem århundrederne er havet skyllet ind over øen. Stormfloden 1909 var kun 2 tommer (ca. 5 cm) fra at gå over havdiget. På søjlen er årene 1936, 1923, 1968, 1909, 1911, 1928, 1976, 1981, 1999 og 1634 afsat nedefra og op. Den nuværende stormflodssøjle er opsat i 1959.

Mod sydvest på "Gammel Mandø" ligger Mandø By. Gammel Mandø og Ny Mandø var oprindeligt to øer, men er i tidens løb vokset sammen. Begge lignede Koresand, men er senere blevet tilvokset med planter og endt som egentlige øer. Langs med Låningsvejen sørger faskiner i slikgårde for, at der dannes mere land. Mod vest udenfor klitterne vokser øen, og det samme sker mod øst. Den største risiko for indtrængende vand er mod sydøst, hvor der kan være erosion og dermed også den største fare for digebrud under stormfloder. Mandøs "wheele", en lokal betegnelse for stormflodshuller som blev inddiget for at gøre området dyrkbart igen.

Ved slusen midt på øens østside går drænvandet ud i havet. Slusen er halvautomatisk, og højvandet lukker selv portene. Havet omkring Mandø er overalt fladt og kan kun et enkelt sted besejles af mindre både.

Natur
På Mandø findes der store koncentrationer af trækfugle og ynglende engfugle. Øens natur er sårbar, derfor bør færdsel på øen altid ske under stor hensyntagen til dyrelivet. Besøgende skal således ikke gå for tæt på rugende fugle eller fugleflokke, der raster, men nyde fuglene på afstand. Gæster skal naturligvis også respektere de opsatte skilte og vejledninger såsom at blive på veje, stier og på vaden og undgå i ynglesæsonen at færdes på steder med vegetation. Gode muligheder for fugleobservationer er ved Skællebankerampen, Slusen og Sønderrampe.

Mandøs ekstensive landbrug med vedvarende græs gør øen til en værdifuld yngle- og rastelokalitet for mange fuglearter. Græsmarkerne har til forskel fra f.eks. kornmarker et rigt insektliv og dermed rigelig føde til fuglenes unger.

Mandø er på grund af sin beliggenhed en vigtig rasteplads især for svømme- og vadefugle under trækket og et vigtigt yngle- og overvintringsområde. Der er et rigt fugleliv med flere tusinde par ynglende fugle, og øen har nogle af Danmarks største enkeltbestande af strandskader på ca. 1000 par fugle og stor kobbersnepper med 86 par i 2011. Af andre ynglefugle på øen er der mulighed for at observere rørhøg, klyde, havterne, knarand, skeand, vibe, rødben og nogle årbrushane og pibeand. I træktiden ses store forekomster af arktiske vadefugle som islandsk ryle, almindelig ryle, lille kobbersneppe, strandhjejle og stor regnspove. Øen tiltrækker endvidere flere gåsearter – især mørkbuget knortegås og i de senere år bramgås (sidstnævnte med omkring 10.000-12.000 rastende i foråret 2011).

Der er ræve og mosegrise, som man forøger at begrænse antallet af, grundet deres underminering af digerne. Af vildt er der harer og rådyr.

Fra diget i det nordøstlige hjørne af øen kan man ved lavvande og klart vejr, hvis man kigger i retning af møllerne i Tjæreborg (på fastlandet), se en sælbanke med op til hundrede sæler i ynglesæsonen. Sæljagt var i gamlle dage en almindelig måde at skaffe kød på. Der er endvidere muligt at observere sæler på Koresand. Udover føden er fred og ro det vigtigste for sælerne. Sælungerne omkring Mandø fødes sidt i juni og vejer ved fødslen ca. 10 kg. I løbet af de følgende 3-4 uger skal de have dannet et ca. 3 cm. tykt varmisolerende spæklag for at overleve den følgende vinter. Den kraftige vækststigning er mulig, da hunsælens mælk har et fedtindhold på op til 48 %. Da ungerne kun dier på land, er det livsvigtigt for dem, at der findes uforstyrrede liggepladser.

2010 indgik staten en jordfordelingshandel på øen, der betød, at et areal på 50 ha på den nordøstlige del af Mandø forblev uopdyrket og jagtfrit. Dræn blev fjernet og der blev skabt et mere fugtigt miljø til gavn for engfuglene. Det har haft en mærkbar positiv indflydelse på koncentrationen af fugle. Et af de mange synlige resultater er etableringen af en klydekoloni på 50-100 par. Den Danske Naturfond meddelte 1. november 2016, at de i samarbejde med Esbjerg Kommune og Nationalpark Vadehavet vil opkøbe mellem 350 og 550 hektar natur for at sikre og udvikle Mandøs natur, særlig med henblik på ynglende vadefugle og for at rastende fugle i træktiden får ro til at fouragere.

Galleri

Turisme
Øen besøges årligt af ca. 80.000 endagsturister. Fra Vadehavscentret ved Vester Vedsted er det muligt at køre med de traktordrevne busser, og den kører omkring 35.000 turister årligt. Man kan også vælge i egen bil at køre over låningsvejen (husk tidevandet).

Fra Mandø er der i sommertiden ture med traktorbus ud til sælbankerne på højsandet Koresand, der er en sandbanke mellem Mandø og Rømø.

Mandø Kirkes våbenhus har to hoveddøre som bruges alt efter hvilken vindretning der er. Kirken er udstyret med fire skibsmodeller, som minder om, at mange af øens beboere tidligere var søfolk. Kirken og kirkegården ligger på et værft, for at sikre den under højvande.

Restaurant Vadehavet Mandø har dobbeltværelser, kursusfaciliteter, ophold for lejrskoler, selskabslokaler og cafeteria. I samme bygning på første sal er der en permanent naturudstilling, som fortæller om øens historie, natur, stormfloder, diger, fugleliv med mere. Der oplyses endvidere om, hvordan det var – og er – at leve i et lille samfund, som 2 gange i døgnet er afskåret fra omverdenen. Udstillingen er åbent i Klithusets åbningstider og der er gratis entré.

Mandøpigen  har 4 ferielejligheder. Café Mandøpigen er indrettet i en tidligere lade, hvor man har bevaret væggenes rå strukturer og synlige loftsbjælker. Turbåden Mandøpigen har plads til 12 gæster. Der er en opvarmet kahyt og et toilet. Båden kan sejle og køre. Der er safariture fra Mandø og Kammerslusen vest for Ribe.

Øen har ca. 14 sommerhuse til udlejning og en mindre campingplads, som har åbent fra 1. april til oktober.
Ved ebbe er der om sommeren gode bademuligheder. Det er endvidere muligt selv at vandre til Koresand, hvor der gode badestrande og gode muligheder for at finde rav (husk ebbe og flod tiderne).

Øen har et rigt fugleliv, Særligt om foråret er der mulighed for at se store flokke af trækfugle, der søger føde på markerne og i vadehavet omkring øen. Med lidt held kan man se - eller snarere høre - den lille kobbersneppe. Dens fløjt lyder nærmest som et hestevrinsk. Den færdes på engene i små flokke og kan derfor være vanskelig at opdage.

Der er markerede vandre- og cykelstier og udsigt fra digerne. På den asfalterede 9 km lange digevej, kan man følge havdiget øen rundt.

Mandøhuset, som udgør Mandø Museum, er bevaret, som da det blev bygget i 1831 og er for størstedelen indrettet, som en skipperfamilie dengang boede. Husets østlige ende er indrettet til separatudstillinger som f.eks redningsvæsenets historie og strandinger på Mandø. Museet huser også øens lokalhistoriske arkiv.

Den nuværende Mandø Mølle fra 1832 er en fredet hollandsk vindmølle, som var i drift helt frem til 2. verdenskrig. Restaureringen i 2004-2008 blev gennemført med udgangspunkt i møllens tidligere udseende og funktion, med genanvendelse af originale dele.
I dag vil møllen være i stand til at male korn. Møllen ejes i dag af Mandøforeningen, der søger at bevare møllen som vartegn og turistmål. Et mølleudvalg forestår ved hjælp af frivillige, at skaffe midler til driften, bl.a. ved støttearrangementer og salg af souvenirs.

Den i 1912 oprettede redningsstation, som blev nedlagt 1961, ejes af Mandø Museum og har åbent i turistsæsonen. Den fungerede som redningsstation fra 1912 til 1961. Redningsstationen indeholder i dag en souvenirbutik, som er åben i turistsæsonen

Følger man stien forbi den gamle redningsstation, kommer man op på klitten til øens udsigtspunkt mod vest. Herfra er der, især ved solnedgang, en smuk udsigt over havet og vaderne. Neden for klitten står øens stormflodssøjle. Den angiver de højeste stormfloder. Det øverste mærke er fra stormfloden i 1634. Denne stormflod ødelagde byen på Gl. Mandø, hvorefter øboerne flyttede til de 10 m. høje klitter, hvor byen ligger i dag. Lige overfor redningsstationen står en mindesten over Dronning Dagmar (opsat i 1974), der her, i følge en gammel folkevise, i 1205 betrådte dansk jord for første gang.

Kendte personer
 Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (født 3. november 1841 på Mandø, død 2. april 1924 i København), var en dansk botaniker og en hovedfigur i grundlæggelsen af den naturvidenskabelige disciplin økologi.
 Arthur Vaag, (24. juni 1896 – 29. august 1988). Han var fra 1927 til 1934 kommunelæge i Vágur på Færøerne og fra 1963 til 1983 læge på Mandø. I 1980'erne var han Danmarks ældste praktiserende læge. Fra 1930 til 1933 observerede han på Færøerne 31 tilfælde lungebetændelse og fandt årsagen var smitte overført fra mallemukken. I 1974 stod han bag opsættelsen af mindestenen for Dronning Dagmars landgang på Mandø i 1205.
 Villum Benedikt Kann Rasmussen (født 23. januar 1909 på Mandø, død 24. august 1993 i Ordrup) var en dansk bygningsingeniør og grundlægger af V. Kann Rasmussen & Co, det senere VELUX. Begravet på Mandø Kirkegård.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger og kilder

 www.mandø.dk
 Tidevand Mandø 2023
 www.dof.dk
 www.vadehavscentret.dk
 www.esbjerg.dk

Natura 2000-planer
Naturkanon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our professors come from a broad range of backgrounds and are active members of the planning profession--and a few others such as engineering. That means they often blend professional practice with research.
Our interdisciplinary approach means you'll be taking advantage of Dal's expertise in environmental science, environmental studies, urban history, public policy, and more.
Our program options allow you to specialize in Environmental Planning, Urban Design Studies or even do a double major with Sustainability.
Through our internships in the honours program, and research institutes (Cities and Environment Unit and DalTrac), you get real-life, hands-on experience working on community projects.
Our honours majors degree is recognized as a professional degree by the Professional Standards Board for the Canadian Institute of Planners, making it easy for you to become a member after graduation.
Our students are active in professional groups such as the Canadian Institute of Planners, the Atlantic Planners Institute, the Licenced Professional Planners of Nova Scotia, and the Canadian Association of Planning Students.
You'll be part of a tight-knit program in one of the most vibrant, student-friendly cities in the country.
Our courses develop the skills and knowledge you'll need to start a career in community design. From understanding the landscape to learning different design techniques, you'll be informed, enlightened, and equipped with the right tools.
Our BCD alumni work in areas as diverse as community economic development, affordable housing policy, public health, and climate change adaptation all over Canada and internationally.


WHILE STILL IN DEVELOPMENT, IN 1963, BULOVA DROPPED THEIR CONTRACT & THE CONTRACT WAS TAKEN OVER BY BLANCPAIN, WHO PRODUCED THE TR-900 DIVE WATCH.
THE TR-900 DIVE MATCHED MUCH OF THE SPECS, CASING AND OTHER DESIGNS OF BULOVA' FINAL VERSION, INCLUDING THE VERY LOOK AND DESIGN DOWN TO THE RADIUM MARKERS, BEZEL AND BEZEL INSERT.
ABOUT 1000 TR-900?S WOULD BE PRODUCED UNDER TWO CONTRACTS FOR THE NAVY DURING 1964 & 1965 AND ISSUED TO NAVY UDT FROGMAN TEAMS AND MARINE RECON UNITS DURING THE VIETNAM WAR.
AROUND THE SAME TIME, BULOVA RELEASED THEIR PLEXIGLAS AUTOMATIC 666 DIVE WATCH FOR COMMERCIAL SALES AND WERE AVAILABLE AT MILITARY PX.
IT IS IN THIS TIME FRAME THAT ELGIN PRODUCED THEIR FIRST AUTOMATIC WATER PROOF, ALL STEEL DIVE WATCH WITH RADIUM MARKERS.
BY 1964-1967, DIVE WATCHES WERE IN HIGH DEMAND. ESPECIALLY AUTOMATICS. AND, WITH A WET HOT HUMID VIETNAM WAR — THE PX WAS A HOT MARKET.
BULOVA, WHO ACTUALLY DEVELOPED THE FIRST US AUTOMATIC DIVE WATCH UNDER US CONTRACT, RELEASED THEIR AUTOMATIC MODEL IN COMPETITION WITH THE ZODIAC SEA WOLF AUTOMATIC. BOTH WERE INVESTED IN BY US AND AUSTRALIAN SOLDIERS FROM PRIVATE TO OFFICER…I FACT, THEY MADE MORE SALES AND MONEY THAN BLANCPAIN, WHO HAD TAKEN OVER THE BULOVA CONTRACT AND UTILIZED THE MAIN LOOK AND FEATURES OF BULOVA RESEARCH IN PRODUCING THE US MILITARY DIVE WATCH! IN ADDITION TO NEW SPECIAL ALLOYED STEEL ANTI-MAGNETIC CASE, AND THE USE OF AN ALTERNATIVE ***ILLUMINATION MATERIAL FOR INDICES AS WELL AS THE NAVY MOISTURE INDICATOR AND IT HAD TO WORK DEEPER THAN FIFTY FATHOMS (300 FEET).
Promethium 147 would glow brighter and longer, both underwater and at night. However the downside to this was that its half-life is only 2.5 years, unlike Tritium, which has a 12.4-year half-life, and Radium whose half-life is measured in centuries.
So cannot be 1950?s……. AND THE Moisture Indicator IS EXACT AS THE DOC.
a) the dials emitting radio-activity of less than 25 mC. Dials were often marked "SWISS T < 25?
INDICATOR AS EARLY AS 1953. I FIND THAT FACT SOME WHAT STRANGE, SO I WILL STICK TO WHAT WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DETERMINED. THE OTHER ITEM IS THE FRENCH MILITARY BLANCPAIN BEING THE SEED FOR THE FF BLANCPAIN. ONLY ONE BLANCPAIN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS FRENCH MILITARY AND THAT WAS FOR FRENCH DIVERS SCHOOL, AND THE DATRE AND STYLE ARE MORE 1956 TP 1958.!
"To counter this threat the Navy retrained their divers as Explosive Ordnance Disposal Units concentrating on keeping harbours and waterways clear and free for US Navy and allied vessels. But, with the rise in new technology mines, utilising multiple fuses, operated by pressure, time, contact or magnetic influence it was obvious that the Navy needed new equipment and amongst that equipment there was a requirement for a new diver's watch.


When first gaining admittance into a residential inpatient treatment center, it's important to prepare yourself physically, emotionally, and financially. By coming prepared, you can make the most of your time spent at rehab and will hopefully have better odds of maintaining sobriety post release. The fully trained staff and personnel at every facility will be able to assist you successfully on-boarding, but it's up to you be prepared beforehand. It's helpful to have things in order because it will limit distractions upon arrival.