Cesspits (Cesspools) & Drywell Systems Explained, Pollutants? Hazards?
Leave a Comment on Rudementary Waste Management Technology, Are Cesspits and Drywells Contaminating Our Water Sources?
Cesspits and drywells are ancient technologies but they are still used today in some locations. In general, they are an outdated and unsafe method for dealing with septic waste. Concerns about human health and environmental quality has meant that cesspits and drywells are no longer employed for septic use in most areas of North America, and existing ones will eventually need to be replaced with modern on-site septic treatment systems.
The term "cesspit" (or "cesspool," "cesstank," "soak pit," depending on where you live) can have various meanings, but these all refer to a structured hole in the ground. The hole is typically lined with stone, brick or concrete and is designed to receive household and human waste.
A cesspit can be an unsealed, porous tank or well-like structure that retains solids but allows liquids to drain freely into the surrounding ground. It can be a sealed tank that allows liquid to drain off into a drywell. A modern cesspit can be as simple as a sealed, vented holding tank.
The main feature of a cesspit is that it is designed to hold waste, not to treat it. Cesspits, even the porous type that allow liquid to seep out, require periodic, often frequent, cleaning. It's a method of dealing with human waste and household sewage that dates back centuries.
Cesspits function on the same idea as a privy or outhouse, expanded a little to accommodate household wastewater and connected to indoor plumbing. As far as holes in the ground go, well… nasty.
Technically, a drywell is a bit different than a cesspit. When you hear the word "well" you think of water. A drywell, then, is not a source of drinking water, but a structure designed to collect and hold wastewater, allowing it to passively soak back into the ground.
Drywells are related to the French drains commonly found in basements, and the landscaping features known variously as retention ponds or catchment basins. All of these structures are designed to manage the flow, movement and storage of excess water, whether it's stormwater, normal water seepage or wastewater. A drywell can be quite deep to accommodate sufficient water volume.
Some people use "cesspit" and "drywell" interchangeably, perhaps because they both function as receptacles. The key point to keep in mind, however, is that neither is designed to treat waste. Instead of a stinking pile of waste laying on the ground, waste is dropped into a hole in the ground: out of sight; out of mind.
When we talk about septic systems, we have the catch-all term "on-site waste treatment systems" to refer to the full range of waste treatment needs and related technologies for residential and commercial buildings.
Remember, septic tanks are designed to encourage the separation and decomposition of solid waste. A leaching field treats septic effluent by controlling the flow of effluent, by the separation between groundwater and where the effluent enters the soil (typically a metre or more), and by exposure of the effluent to soil microbes and vegetation that degrade or take up pathogens, nutrients and organic material.
Cesspits and drywells are a different beast altogether, because they do not take any of these treatment design features into consideration. They are not designed or used for treating household or human waste. They are best thought of as "on-site waste management systems," because they only store the solids, and maybe let the liquids seep back into the ground.
Therefore, waste ultimately has to be physically removed from the cesspits and drywells, and untreated waste and effluent easily enters the environment, posing a threat to human health and the environmental quality.
A rudimentary system consisting of a cesspit attached to a drywell looks something like a septic system. Here, the cesspit collects the waste and the effluent eventually flows into the dry well, to seep back into the ground. The difference is that the drywell does not distribute the effluent in a way that allows soil to act as a treatment mechanism.
Cesspits and dry wells simply keep waste in one out-of sight place as it soaks untreated into the soil.
We remember the ancient Romans with admiration for developing plumbing and sewer systems. Historically, cesspits were also a very common way of dealing with household waste in populated areas, and they were not necessarily a less developed technology.
Archaeological research being done in the Dutch city of Leiden gives a really interesting window on cesspits as an important part of a medieval city's infrastructure . Most buildings at that time incorporated cesspits as collection points for "night soil," that is, human waste.
However, 16th century cesspits were not simply festering pits of poop in tenement basements. They were regularly cleaned (as often as weekly) by "night-men." Cesspit cleaning was a tightly regulated city service.
The cleaning was done at night to limit the impact of odors on daily life. Night-men used shovels to transfer the waste to large tubs, which they then carried to barges to be transported away from the city.
Night-men had to be quiet, careful and neat. Spillage was not tolerated, and resulted in summary termination of sloppy night-men! Overseers checked to make sure the cesspits were thoroughly cleaned out, and kept careful records of the services provided.
Cesspit infrastructure and management was not limited to Holland, though; it was widespread in Europe and other populated parts of the world. In the UK, cesspit cleaners were known as "gong farmers," gong being the term for the privy as well as its contents.
The collected human waste was actually a resource: it was valued as a fertilizer.
Cesspit systems kept early cities and the local environment pretty clean. When sewers eventually replaced the cesspits, they carried raw sewage directly to nearby canals and rivers, which made them the stinking, polluted waterways we typically associate with the historical city environment.
Blame the landlords: installing sewers was in the long run cheaper than building and maintaining individual cesspits in each building and employing all those night-men and gong-farmers.
Maybe it's because we walk upright on two feet and so we live our lives several feet above the ground, but most of us tend not to think too much about what's underground. Humans have a long history of burying things that we need to get rid of.
Landfills are an obvious example, and in the modern era we've also thought that burying hazardous chemical waste might be a good idea. Again, out of sight, out of mind. Until it's not.
The Love Canal in upstate New York, USA, was used to bury thousands of barrels of toxic chemicals. The land was eventually developed for housing. Several years on, the barrels began to rupture, the chemicals seeped into the ground and people began to get sick as the chemicals leaked into their basements. Unfortunately, similar stories can be told for many industrialized areas.
Human waste is also hazardous to human health and the environment when, like industrial chemicals, it is released without treatment into the environment.
A modern septic system uses installed components and site features like soil and vegetation to separate and decompose solids, and to further treat liquid effluent to remove pathogens, organic material and nutrients.
A cesspit doesn't accomplish any kind of treatment. The focus is simply on holding waste until it can be removed for later treatment and safe handling at some other location.
In this way, cesspits function on the same idea as pit latrines or portable toilets ("Porta Potty" and the like). They isolate human waste in a contained space to facilitate collection and reduce odors.
The sanitary isolation of human waste is an age-old problem wherever people congregate or stay in one place for extended periods of time.
In the best case, a modern cesspit is a sealed, impervious structure that holds and isolates household waste from the environment. While regular and frequent pumping is expensive and less than ideal, the waste does not pose a risk to human health or the environment.
In the worst case, a cesspit is a permeable, stone, brick or concrete hole that allows waste to seep into the ground. It then becomes a dangerous source of environmental pollution and a human health risk.
In many instances, permeable cesspits or drywells were deliberately dug deep enough to penetrate the water table, with the intention of having groundwater flow distribute the liquid waste. This "dilution is the answer to pollution" is an old way of thinking. It has only resulted in contaminated aquifers.
A carefully designed septic system maintains a suitable separation between where waste effluent enters the soil and the saturated soil zone. This ensures that there is sufficient capacity in the vegetative and aerobic, microbially active regions of soil to treat the effluent before it joins with groundwater.
With a cesspit or drywell, the volume and flow of waste and effluent is uncontrolled and feeds directly to anaerobic, microbially inactive regions of the soil. The result is that waste remains untreated as it enters water supplies.
Improper sizing of cesspits and drywells also have often left them susceptible to becoming plugged with solids and to household backups.
The differences between septic systems and cesspits or drywells are dramatic. A septic system controls the movement, flow and placement of household waste and its effluent to maximize on-site treatment. A cesspit and drywell are uncontrolled conduits through which untreated sewage enters and pollutes the environment.
Untreated household waste can contain harmful pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites and other microorganisms) that can contaminate the surrounding soil and groundwater eventually entering and contaminating surface water.
When surface water or groundwater are sources of household water for drinking, cooking and bathing, people are then exposed to pathogens. Waterborne disease is a common problem around the world and one of the most frequent causes of human illness.
Typhoid, cholera, dysentery and hepatitis are just a few of the many types of waterborne diseases associated with the lack of proper sanitation to deal with human waste.
People can also be sickened by exposure to contaminated soil near cesspits and drywells.
Water contamination is a particular concern for those who get their water from private wells, because unlike public water supplies they are not routinely tested for the presence of pathogens or harmful chemicals (household chemicals, for example, or nitrates).
Septic systems and sewage systems are based on the containment, transport and treatment of household wastewater. Cesspits and drywells are based on getting wastewater out of sight and hoping for the best.
Hopefully, I've impressed upon you that cesspits and drywells are serious pollution hazards. Even when they are no longer used, perhaps having been replaced by a modern septic system, they remain as a source of water pollution for years after.
Beyond pollution, abandoned cesspits and drywells are lingering hazards in much more dramatic and disturbing ways.
Often, over the course of time, vegetation overgrowth can conceal their precise location. Or, poor or non-existent record-keeping over the course of property transfers can mean that even a well-manicured suburban lawn can conceal an underground structure.
When old waste eventually drains out of the structure, the interior walls are no longer supported and can collapse, forming a sinkhole. People have fallen into these sinkholes and have even died after being overcome by noxious gases or by drowning.
Cesspits and drywells are old technology. The typical age of these structures, coupled with old building techniques and materials, and the ease with which old, underground structures can become invisible, makes them even more than just a pollution hazard.
So, It's Time to Clean Up the Cesspit Mess!
When cesspits are evaluated under modern standards, they virtually always come up deficient. They were commonly placed without consideration of soil structure, vertical separation from the water table, capacity, flow acceptance or structural resiliency (those collapsing pits we saw above).
Self-contained plastic cesspits are still used in some parts of Europe, particularly where site conditions limit the installation of a septic system.
In North America, regulations vary by country and province or state. While installation of new cesspits or drywells for wastewater containing human waste is generally banned, there are varying accommodations for existing structures.
Some are "grandfathered" into property transfers to allow their continued use, while in other jurisdictions a property transfer compels an upgrade to a septic system that meets current standards.
The writers of the Health Act put it mildly: cesspits and drywells, when used for receptacles of human waste, are a nuisance. They are a significant source of pollution and a lingering human hazard for as long as they remain in the ground.
Wherever they exist, the safe course of action, for the health and safety of those living on the property and for the health of the environment, is to remediate existing structures and replace them with a properly designed and installed on-site treatment system.
Tags: cesspit design cesspit meaning cesspits cesspool design cesspool meaning cesspools drywell design drywell meaning drywells what are cesspits? what are cesspools? what are drywells?


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Carriera
Hauert ha giocato con la maglia della squadra della sua città natale, l'Hockey Club Ajoie, fin dalle giovanili. Fanno eccezione una manciata di incontri giocati con le maglie di Hockey Club Moutier (in terza serie nella stagione 2001-2002), Eis-Hockey-Club Biel (dieci incontri nella NLA 2009-2010) e Schlittschuh-Club Langnau Tigers (un incontro nella NLA 2011-2012).

Con l'Ajoie ha giocato in NLB, poi divenuta Swiss League, dal 2001 al 2021, quando la squadra venne promossa nel massimo campionato svizzero, divenendone il capitano sin dalla stagione 2012-2013. Venne poi confermato anche nelle prime due stagioni in National League; nel gennaio del 2023 ha annunciato che al termine della stagione si sarebbe ritirato, dopo 22 stagioni e oltre 1000 incontri disputati con la squadra di Porrentruy. È peraltro stato il primo giocatore di sempre della squadra a raggiungere questo risultato.

Oltre ai due campionati di seconda serie vinti (2015-2016 e 2020-2021, quest'ultimo coronato con la promozione), il maggior successo ottenuto è stata la vittoria della Coppa Svizzera nel 2020.

Palmarès

Ajoie: 2019-2020

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


(Air Liban) (ME/MEA) (Beirut) 1965 - Current. Photos. Framable Color Prints and Posters. Digital Sharp Images. Aviation Gifts. Slide SHows.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) (Ghana Airways) Vickers VC10-1102 9G-ABP (msn 824) LHR (Jacques Guillem Collection). Image: 937772.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) (KLM Royal Dutch Airline) Airbus A310-203 PH-AGC (man 248) ZRH (Rolf Wallner). Image: 922138.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) (KLM Royal Dutch Airline) Airbus A310-203 PH-AGF (msn 297) LHR (SPA). Image: 937318.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Airbus A320-214 WL F-OMRD (msn 5746) (Sharklets) (SkyTeam) LHR (Antony J. Best). Image: 913808.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Airbus A320-214 WL T7-MRD (msn 5746) (SkyTeam) (Jacques Guillem Collection). Image: 932310.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Airbus A320-214 WL T7-MRD (msn 5746) (SkyTeam) LHR (SPA). Image: 927067.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 707-3B4C OD-AFD (msn 20259) ATH (Christian Volpati Collection). Image: 920558.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 707-3B4C OD-AFE (msn 20260) ORY (Christian Volpati). Image: 924742.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 707-323C OD-AHE (msn 19516) CDG (Christian Volpati). Image: 907669.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 720-023B OD-AFL (msn 18034) LHR (Richard Vandervord). Image: 901606.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 720-023B OD-AGB (msn 18021) ORY (Christian Volpati Collection). Image: 935703.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 747-2B4B N202AE (msn 21097) LHR (SPA). Image: 929832.
MEA (Middle East Airlines) Boeing 747-2B4B N203AE (msn 21098) LHR (SM Fitzwilliams Collection). Image: 910318.
MEA-Middle East Airlines-Air Liban Airbus A321-231 OD-RMI (msn 1977) FRA (Bernhard Ross). Image: 928945.
MEA-Middle East Airlines-Air Liban Airbus A321-231 OD-RMI (msn 1977) GVA (Paul Denton). Image: 935702.
MEA-Middle East Airlines - Air Liban Convair 990-30A-5 OD-AFF (msn 18) FCO (Christian Volpati Collection). Image: 946179.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A310-222 3B-STJ (msn 350) LHR (SPA). Image: 930861.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 F-OMRB (msn 5152) BRU (Karl Cornil). Image: 910515.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 F-OMRB (msn 5152) GVA (Paul Denton). Image: 920559.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 F-OMRB (msn 5152) LHR (Rolf Wallner). Image: 909952.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 F-OMRC (msn 5253) GVA (Paul Denton). Image: 932309.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 T7-MRA (msn 5162) LHR (SPA). Image: 941760.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 T7-MRB (msn 5152) LHR (SPA). Image: 930905.
MEA-Middle East Airlines Airbus A320-214 T7-MRC (msn 5253) LHR (SPA). Image: 927069.


And then there was Ruby..
And then there was Ruby.. She had us waiting until a few days before Christmas to come into heat. She was due at least 2 weeks earlier but Ruby wouldn't be Ruby if she didn't mix up and stir the feelings of those around her.. But it turned out to come as a pleasant reprise.
It's freezing, can't feel my feet or my hands and getting bruised and beaten by my dobermann as I'm instructed to use her high, crazy (but beautiful) drives as the incentive for her lesson in obedience! Well sounds like a contradiction in terms, but strangely it seems to be working ..


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Home » Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame honorees to be inducted on May 3
Meat and Poultry Industry NewsBurgersSausage
Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame honorees to be inducted on May 3
KEYWORDS culver's / hall of fame / lodi sausage / University of Wisconsin / wisconsin meat industry hall of fame
This year's inductees into the Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame will be recognized at a ceremony on May 3. The honorees, who have made outstanding lifetime contributions to the meat business, are Larry Clark, owner of Lodi Sausage Company & Meat Market; George, Ruth, Craig and Lea Culver, co-founders of Culver's restaurant; and Kathy Glass, microbiologist with the Food Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
More about this year's inductees:
After graduating from the UW–Madison's Meat & Animal Science program in 1966, Larry Clark took a position at Oscar Mayer as a livestock buyer working with regional hog farmers to help recruit the needed supply of hogs to the Madison plant. In 1989, he was able to realize his dream of owning his own business by purchasing the Lodi Locker, now the Lodi Sausage Company & Meat Market, located in Lodi, Wisconsin. The business is a model small meat plant, known and respected for high-quality, locally-sourced fresh and processed meat products. In addition to being a successful livestock buyer, corporate executive and business owner, Clark has shared his time and talents with the meat industry and his community. His contributions include building the Governor's Blue Ribbon Meat Products Auction into a significant fundraiser for Wisconsin 4-H, lending his expertise to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and other organizations when chronic wasting disease emerged in the state's deer population, and partnering with the state Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection to serve as manager of the Specialty Meat Development Center to help educate small meat plant owners about processed meat opportunities to help their businesses.
Culver's restaurant co-founders George Culver, Ruth Culver, Craig Culver, and Lea Culver built their legacy by following the credo to "do the right thing" for guests, team members and the community. In 1984, they established the first Culver's restaurant in Sauk City, Wisconsin. The first two years proved challenging, as frozen custard was not well-known in the area. By following the motto "don't mess with the quality," however, the business started to thrive. All of the co-founders were hands-on. Ruth and Lea were in the front of the restaurant, providing service and hospitality. Craig worked the grill, searing ButterBurgers to perfection, and George was in charge of the food preparation area. They made a great team and began to surround themselves with team members with the same dedication and values. The first successful franchised restaurant opened in 1990. Today Culver's has over 700 restaurants in 25 states. George and Ruth passed away in 2011 and 2008, respectively. Craig and Lea remain actively involved in the business, with Craig serving as chairman of the board of directors and Lea serving as executive director of the Culver's Foundation. While Culver's has experienced many changes since 1984, its mission remains the same: every guest who chooses Culver's leaves happy.
Kathy Glass grew up on a farm in Edgar, Wisconsin, where the knowledge she gained in food production sparked her interest in science, and she developed the work ethic that would help her build a professional career as a food microbiologist. In 1985, she joined the Food Research Institute (FRI) at the UW–Madison, where her first project involved exploring the use of sodium lactate as a substitute for sodium nitrite to control Clostridium botulinum. Glass is now FRI's associate director and runs the institute's Applied Food Safety Laboratory, which conducts practical research and testing of food formulations, with the goal of identifying strategies to inhibit microbial growth and toxin production. The results generated in her FRI lab are beneficial to meat companies, ingredient suppliers and consumers, and her expertise is sought by companies and regulators alike. She has served on the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service's standing committee on food safety and the USDA/FDA National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, helping to guide policy on food safety in meat products. Glass' efforts over the course of her career have significantly improved the the safety of processed meats in the U.S.
The Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame induction luncheon ceremony will take place on Friday, May 3 at noon at the Dejope Residence Hall, in the Mendota Room, on the UW–Madison campus. Tours of the new Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery building will be offered prior to and following the luncheon. The cost to attend the event is $40.
Register online by April 25 at: https://uwccs.eventsair.com/meatfame19/register.
For more information visit www.ansci.wisc.edu/meat_hof
Source: College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame inducts four on May 3
Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame to induct three on May 7
Morris Burger of Burgers' Smokehouse to be inducted into Meat Industry Hall of Fame
Wisconsin Meat Industry Hall of Fame inducts three new members
2021 State of the Industry

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FinCanna to Receive ~$3.9M USD Cash and Retain 3.44% Royalty in Perpetuity from CTI Royalty Restructuring Agreement
CTI Shifts Focus from Cultivation to Manufacturing and Brand Development
Vancouver, British Columbia, October 9, 2018 - FinCanna Capital Corp. ("FinCanna") (CSE: CALI) (OTCQB: FNNZF) a royalty company for the U.S. licensed medical cannabis industry announced, that due to Cultivation Technologies Inc.'s, ("CTI") re-focused business strategy, FinCanna and CTI have agreed to a restructured agreement ("RA"). Under the RA, FinCanna is to receive approximately US$3.9 million as repayment of CTI's outstanding secured loan and receive payments equivalent to 3.44% of the consolidated topline revenue of CTI in perpetuity.
Upon completion of the RA, the RA will replace the current funding agreement and FinCanna will no longer need to provide additional financing to earn payments in perpetuity on any of CTI's projects, as the RA covers all of CTI's current and future projects. CTI has entered into a sale escrow agreement for US$4 million for its 6-acre property in Coachella, California subject to certain conditions. The sale is expected to close in December 2018 or January 2019, and the expected net proceeds of approximately US$3.9 million after transaction costs will be paid to FinCanna. CTI has the option to increase its cash payment to FinCanna before December 31, 2018, and the payments in perpetuity of 3.44%, based on total cash payments to FinCanna of US$3.9 million, would alter based on total cash payments to FinCanna under a predetermined formula.
Additionally, FinCanna will continue to earn 50% of the profits of CTI's Interim Extraction and Manufacturing Facility that is expected to remain in operation until June 2019, FinCanna will receive certain purchase warrants in CTI's next equity financing and will retain customary security over its overriding royalty.
CTI's refocused business strategy towards extraction, manufacturing, and brand development, instead of large-scale indoor cultivation, is a result of changing market conditions and prioritizing ROI. As a result, CTI intends to retrofit its 5,200 sq ft, building site in Palm Desert, California as a permanent extraction and premium manufacturing facility for various established premium brands such as its own Coachella Premium and for others.
CTI also intends to develop its wholly-owned two-acre site in Colusa, California as a biomass processing, manufacturing and distribution facility to serve the Bay Area and other key markets in Northern California.
Andriyko Herchak, President and CEO of FinCanna Capital states, "The new agreement is a very positive move forward for FinCanna and allows CTI to finance and execute on its refocused business to create long-term value for both parties. We are very bullish on CTI's new strategy and anticipate a much quicker path to royalty revenue to FinCanna without any further financing obligations. Lastly, the expected cash proceeds from CTI of US$3.9 million will provide us with additional non-dilutive funds to expand our royalty investment portfolio with a goal to leverage additional verticals in the U.S licensed cannabis markets that are in need of financing for rapid growth."
FinCanna Capital provides financing to top-tier companies in the licensed medical cannabis industry in exchange for a royalty on revenues. FinCanna, led by a team of finance and industry experts, is building its diversified portfolio of royalty investments in scalable, best-in-class projects and companies in U.S. legal states, with a focus on California. For additional information visit www.fincannacapital.com and FinCanna's profile at www.sedar.com.
Information set forth in this news release may involve forward-looking statements under applicable securities laws. Forward-looking statements are statements that relate to future, not past, events. In this context, forward-looking statements often address expected future business and financial performance, and often contain words such as "anticipate", "believe", "plan", "estimate", "expect", and "intend", statements that an action or event "may", "might", "could", "should", or "will" be taken or occur, or other similar expressions. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included herein including, without limitation, statements about FinCanna's ability to source suitable projects, the sale and related closing of CTI's property at Coachella, the size and success of operations at CTI's Interim Extraction and Manufacturing Facility, CTI's ability to finance, develop and operate its planned permanent extraction and premium manufacturing facility in Palm Desert, CTI's ability to finance, develop and operate its planned biomass processing, manufacturing and distribution facility in Colusa and FinCanna's ability to generate revenues therefrom. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements, or other future events, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, the risks identified in the CSE listing statement and other reports and filings with the applicable Canadian securities regulators. Forward-looking statements are made based on management's beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date that statements are made, and the respective companies undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements if these beliefs, estimates and opinions or other circumstances should change, except as required by applicable securities laws. Investors are cautioned against attributing undue certainty to forward-looking statements. The Company assumes no responsibility to update or revise forward-looking information to reflect new events or circumstances unless required by applicable law.


Louise Bourgeois' spider sculpture Maman creeps around the riverside entrance to the Bilbao Guggenheim contemporary art museum. I suspect the name Maman is a play on Mammon - the God or demon of greed. I also suspect that the placement of Maman outside the entrance to the Guggenheim Bilbao is deliberate and correlates with the motto of the San Francisco, California based Bohemian Club which reads "Weaving Spiders Come Not Here".
Louise Bourgeois died in May, 2010, and was canonized posthumously by the art establishment. I believe the two primary reasons for this canonization were 1) that she could be conveniently labelled a feminist, even though she herself stated that she had been made into a feminist icon by other people, and preferred the company of men, and 2) her giant spider served a purpose: the art propaganda cabal could employ it towards a kabbalistic gender balance at the Guggenheim Bilbao and potentially elsewhere.
Although this may seem a stretch, take a look at the following images of the Bilbao Guggenheim as seen from the Nervion River - I believe that the Frank Gehry-designed building may actually be a giant owl unfolding its wings. Compare it to the subsequent image of the Moloch owl which is at the Bohemian Club's camp Bohemian Grove in Northern California. Do you see any similarity?
What would be the point of such architectural iconography? Well, my dear muggle, you are surrounded by such - but are part of the profane if you refuse to see it.
The primary purpose of sacrifice to Moloch - as far as I'm aware - is Cremation of Care.
Also check out the placement of the lakes in front of the platforms of both the Guggenheim Bilbao and Bohemian Grove.
Guggenheim Bilbao = Moloch Owl?


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Mostly cloudy skies early with scattered thunderstorms developing late. Low 69F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 40%..
Mostly cloudy skies early with scattered thunderstorms developing late. Low 69F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 40%.
Running it back
By ZACK ELDRIDGE Staff Writer 1-219-326-3869 zeldridge@heraldargus.com
The old adage says, 'Familiarity breeds success.'
Can't stop, won't stop
By MICHAEL WHITLOW - Staff Writer
Rahem Mason
Teen had disappeared Saturday off Washington Park
UNION PIER, Mich. – The body of a missing South Bend boy, who disappeared while swimming in Washington Park on Saturday, has been recovered in Lake Michigan more than 12 miles away from where he was last seen.
Indiana Conservation officers were contacted Thursday afternoon by the Chikaming Township Police Department in Berrien County, Michigan, and informed that a body matching the boy's description was found about 12:40 p.m.
They found the body along a beach, according to DNR Law Enforcement Officer Tyler Brock. DNR officers responded to the scene and positively identified the body as that of 17-year-old Rahem Mason.
La Porte County Coroner Bob Cutler said his office was notified Thursday afternoon that the boy had been found about 10 feet from shore in Berrien County, north of New Buffalo.
The body was spotted just offshore near Union Pier, according to a statement from the Chikaming Township Police Department.
Chief Todd Taylor said in the statement he was called to the beach near Victor Avenue concerning a "recovery." He met on the beach with Deputy Andrea Crosby of the Berrien County Sheriff's Department's New Buffalo Township patrol, who spotted the body of an unidentified male near the beach.
An autopsy will be performed at the Western Michigan University School of Medicine on Friday, according to police.
Mason was last seen in Lake Michigan near Washington Park on Saturday evening, when witnesses said they saw him go under the water, but never resurface, just after 7 p.m.
The official cause of death will be determined by the autopsy, but it is believed to be an accidental drowning, Brock said.
Mason had been swimming after the lifeguards were off duty, Brock said. And the beach had been closed to swimmers because of waves reaching up to 5 feet and strong rip currents in the area caused by powerful northwest winds.
"The incident occurred after normal swimming hours and the water had been closed to swimming throughout the day due to dangerous waves and currents," he said.
Authorities from IDNR, the U.S. Coast Guard, Michigan City Fire Department, Michigan City Police Department and La Porte County Sheriff's Department had been searching since Saturday, though those efforts were hampered by the rough lake conditions on Sunday and Monday.
Assisting in the recovery were the Chikaming Township Police Department, Chikaming Township Fire Department, Berrien County Sheriff's Department, and Berrien County Medical Examiner's office.
— From staff reports


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Becker offers a line of high-quality vacuum pump oil specifically selected to optimize the performance of your Becker vacuum pump. These oils have a low vapor pressure and minimal additives, which reduce the sludging that occurs with lower quality oils.


text:
Anthocarapa nitidula
(Benth.) T.D.Penn. ex Mabb.
Amoora nitidula Benth.
Pseudocarapa nitidula (Benth.) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Common Name: Incense Cedar
Photograph by: Poyt448
Close-up of the flowers
Photograph by: Unknown
Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens
Leaves, flowers and developing fruit
Incense cedar is an evergreen, medium to large sized tree[
Brisbane Rainforest Action and Information Network,
http://www.brisrain.webcentral.com.au
Information on plants in the Queensland Rainforests.
The tree is valued for its scented wood, which is used for cabinet work[
Flora of New South Wales
http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/floraonline.htm
An on-line resource giving a brief botanical description of all the native plants of New South Wales, their habitat and range, together with diagrams and photographs of the plants.
Australia - New South Wales, Queensland.
Subtropical rainforest in New South Wales[
Habit Evergreen Tree
A plant of moist tropical and subtropical lowland areas.
There are two disjunct populations in Australia, one in the subtropics of New South Wales whilst the other is in the tropical zone of northern Queensland.
The light-coloured wood is close-grained and tough[
The Useful Native Plants of Australia.
Maiden J.H.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org
Turner & Co.; London.
Terse details of the uses of many Australian plants and other species naturalised, or at least growing, in Australia. It can be downloaded from the Internet.
]. It is used for cabinet work[
Cite as: Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2021-01-21. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Anthocarapa+nitidula>
Captcha: what is greater, 5 or 9?


Cpl. Michael Rodgers accepts the Officer of the Year Award from the Murfreesboro Noon Exchange Club from Sheriff Mike Fitzhugh and Exchange Club member Shirley Schuette.
Sheriff's Office Cpl. Michael Rodgers was recognized as the Murfreesboro Noon Exchange Club's Officer of the Year Thursday.
Sheriff Mike Fitzhugh said Rodgers is dedicated to traffic safety as the sheriff's office's traffic enforcement coordinator. He uses enforcement and education to reduce traffic deaths and crashes.
"His life-saving efforts are working because fewer people died from traffic fatalities this year in Rutherford County," Fitzhugh said. "Cpl. Rodgers is a highly-motivated and dedicated officer who is an asset to the sheriff's office and Rutherford County."
The Tennessee Highway Safety Office recognized Rodgers' work, earning him first place in the Law Enforcement Challenge and capturing the THSO Championship award for overall traffic safety in the state.
Because of his efforts, the Tennessee Highway Safety Office awarded the sheriff's office an extra $15,000 to combat traffic safety in the county.


Steve Hovland, director of research for HomeUnion®, sat down with Moe Ansari on Aug. 17 to discuss how we identify neighborhoods with single-family rental (SFR) homes that produce the highest returns and lowest risk over a five-year horizon during his Market Wrap radio show.
Moe Ansari: As I promised earlier today, we are going to talk about the 20 top zip codes with highest real estate returns and lowest risk. That's what I like. High returns, low risk. HomeUnion® has identified the top 20 zip codes that maximize real estate returns while minimizing risk over a five-year time horizon. What is the methodology behind this?
Steve Hovland: Basically, in order to get returns over a five-year time horizon, you really need to know how much a property is going to produce income-wise, and how much that property is going to appreciate. It may seem easy to get that info, but each one of these numbers can be challenging, especially with all the nuances of the markets, zip codes and neighborhoods across the country. What we look at, effectively, is how much a property will rent for currently, how much it will rent for in five years, and how that rent is going to grow over time. And the other factor with net operating income (NOI) is how many days that property will be vacant, and how much it will cost to maintain. That gets us to our NOI model number.
The second piece of that is appreciation. We are looking at historical trends on a neighborhood level, which is actually smaller than at a zip-code level, and we roll that up to a zip code. We underwrite every single property in the country: 100 million homes across 200,000 neighborhoods every single quarter. So, we are projecting this out every single quarter when we get new information and we are looking a 5-, 10- and 15-year horizon. That's how we got the forecast.
To understand how rents grow and vacancy plays out, we look at the quality of the neighborhood. We are putting up to 12 factors into each neighborhood: unemployment, white-collar jobs, crime; and we are also looking at supply and demand factors: what apartments are coming online, what new homes are coming online (and those numbers). What is going to impact your ability to raise rents over time and what's going to impact the number of days that house is vacant over that five-year horizon? Based upon those neighborhood rankings, we are able to forecast (on a market and a neighborhood level), rent growth specific to that property and figure out where returns are going to be a year from now, and five years from now.
Ansari: That's interesting science. In the press release, you stated, 'Any investor looking for long-term real estate investments should consider how the asset will perform during each stage of the economic cycle to mitigate risk.' Why is this important?
Hovland: One of the questions I am asked most frequently is this: 'Is the housing market too hot and are we in for a correction?' As of July, we were eight years into an economic recovery and the longest expansionary period post WWII is exactly 10 years. So, we are coming up on another recession. You can't dodge these things. I do think this will be the longest expansionary period but given all the factors, from a macro perspective, we are in for a very mature recovery. In fact, I would argue that we are in a period of economic prosperity. [We've had] 81 months of consecutive job growth, the equities markets are at all-time highs, and unemployment is below the full-employment threshold. The economy is really booming right now. It might not feel that was for everybody, but the economy is really strong. We are closer to the next recession than the last one. Because SFR properties are relatively illiquid assets compared to a lot of investment vehicles, you want to hold them for at least five years. It helps alleviate some of the transaction costs that come along with owning an SFR. In order to do that, you want to figure out today how your property is doing to perform during a recession.
In this study on zip codes with the highest returns and lowest risk, we looked at zip codes where the school districts were really strong. That minimizes risk. You can always pull renters up the quality scale by adjusting your rent. Even if rents go down a little bit during the recession (and SFR rents don't go down nearly as much as apartment rents), you can always put a renter in that property (because of the school-district quality). That scenario will alleviate some of that risk, and you will be able to pay your mortgage or collect that monthly rent dividend.
That's how investors should be looking at it because five years from now, there will almost certainly be another recession.
To find rental properties with high returns and low risk to diversify your portfolio, contact HomeUnion® today.


Begonia 'Cool Breeze Pewter' | TERRA NOVA® Nurseries, Inc.
Broad oval leaves, casually fluted, pointed and ruffled, are held on a mounded, stout plant that has a quiet, dignified presence. Satiny, pewter colored leaves are accented by a deep green heart, held in a snowflake pattern at the center of the leaf. As the leaves ruffle and twist, they hint at the dramatic red back. Another cool growing Begonia for smart growers.
It is unique in its coloration.
More cold tolerant than most. Survived 29° F under trees in Canby, OR.


text:
Q: SQLite foreign key mismatch on insert Command
03-27 10:39:55.279 23303-23303/com.example.danyalahmed.stockmanagement
  E/SQLiteLog: (1) foreign key mismatch - "Product" referencing
  "Category" 03-27 10:39:55.280
  23303-23303/com.example.danyalahmed.stockmanagement E/SQLiteDatabase:
  Error inserting Code=2536 Price=5 CategoryID=1 Quantity=2 Name=Olá
                                                                                android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException: foreign key mismatch -
  "Product" referencing "Category" (code 1): , while compiling: INSERT
  INTO PRODUCT(Code,Price,CategoryID,Quantity,Name) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativePrepareStatement(Native
  Method)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.acquirePreparedStatement(SQLiteConnection.java:895)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.prepare(SQLiteConnection.java:506)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.prepare(SQLiteSession.java:588)
                                                                                at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteProgram.(SQLiteProgram.java:58)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement.(SQLiteStatement.java:31)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insertWithOnConflict(SQLiteDatabase.java:1469)
                                                                                at
  android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insert(SQLiteDatabase.java:1341)
                                                                                at
  com.example.danyalahmed.stockmanagement.Classes.DbAdapter.insertData(DbAdapter.java:131)
                                                                                at
  com.example.danyalahmed.stockmanagement.Activities.Scan_Page$3.onClick(Scan_Page.java:162)
                                                                                at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4856)
                                                                                at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:19956)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
                                                                                at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
                                                                                at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:211)
                                                                                at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5373)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
                                                                                at
  com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1020)
                                                                                at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:815)

if you check this,
Error inserting Code=2536 Price=5 CategoryID=1 Quantity=2 Name=Olá

you can see that I have the CategoryID = 1.
when i create the DB i put there the categories:
INSERT INTO Category VALUES(1, 'OTHERS');
INSERT INTO Category VALUES(2, 'Crisp');
INSERT INTO Category VALUES(3, 'Sweet');

here is the product structure:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Product (" +
      " _id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY  AUTOINCREMENT  NOT NULL  UNIQUE," +
      "Name VARCHAR NOT NULL," +
      "Code VARCHAR NOT NULL," +
      "Quantity INTEGER NOT NULL," +
      "PRICE DOUBLE NOT NULL," +
      "CategoryID INTEGER NOT NULL," +
      "FOREIGN KEY(CategoryID) REFERENCES Category(ID));

and here is the query:
public boolean insertData(String Table, String[] Columns, String[] Values) {
    db = this.getWritableDatabase();
    ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
    for (int i = 1; i < Columns.length; i++) {
        contentValues.put(Columns[i].replace(Table + ".", ""), Values[i].trim());
    }
    return ((db.insert(Table, null, contentValues)) != -1);
}

any help is appreciated.
Thanks.

A: My crystal ball tells me that you did not read the documentation and forgot to make the ID column of the Category table the primary key.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


სამეცნიერო ფანტასტიკური ტელესერიალ "საიდუმლო მასალების" მეათე სეზონი 2016 წლის 24 იანვარს Fox-ის ეთერში გავიდა, ხოლო ჩვენება დასრულდა 22 თებერვალს.
2015 წლის 24 მარტს Fox-მა გამოაცხადა, რომ სერიალი ექვსი ეპიზოდით დაბრუნდებოდა. მისი პრემიერა გაიმართა ზედიზედ ორ საღამოს, თითო საღამოს თითო ეპიზოდის ეთერში გასვლით. საპრემიერო ეპიზოდი პირველად ნაჩვენები იქნა New York Comic Con-ზე, 2015 წლის 10 ოქტომბერს.
დევიდ დუხოვნი — ფოქს მალდერი, ფსბ-ს ყოფილი აგენტი, რომელიც საიდუმლო მასალების განყოფილებაში მუშაობდა.
ჯილიან ანდერსონი — დანა სკალი, ექიმი და ფსბ-ს ყოფილი სპეციალური აგენტი.
მიტჩ პილეჯი — უოლტერ სკინერი, ფსბ-ს დირექტორის თანაშემწე.
უილიამ ბ. დეივისი — მწეველი, მთავრობის ყოფილი წარმომადგენელი, მალდერის და სკალის მტერი, რომელიც მუშაობდა უცხოპლანეტელების არსებობის შესახებ სიმართლის დამალვაზე.
ჯო მაკჰეილი — ტედ ო'მელი, ინტერნეტ სიახლეების რედაქტორი, მალდერის მოკავშირე.
ანაბეთ გიში -—მონიკა რაისი, ფსბ-ის აგენტი, მალდერის და სკალის თანაშემწე, რომელიც მანამდე საიდუმლო მასალებში სამუშაოდ დანიშნეს.
ბრიუს ჰარვუდი — ჯონ ფიცჯერალდ ბაიერსი, მარტოხელა მონადირეების წევრი.
ტომ ბრეიდვუდი — მელვინ ფროჰაიკი, მარტოხელა მონადირეების წევრი.
დინ ჰაგლუნდი — რიჩარდ ლენგლი, მარტოხელა მონადირეების წევრი.
შეილა ლარკენი — მარგარეტ სკალი, დანას დედა.
ანეტ მაჰენდრუ — სვეტა, უცხოპლანეტელების მიერ გატაცების მსხვერპლი.
ეპიზოდები, აღნიშნული ორმაგი ჯვრით ( ) წარმოადგენენ სერიალის მითოლოგიის ნაწილს.
↑ Andreeva, Nellie. (March 24, 2015) 'The X-Files' Returns As Fox Event Series With Creator Chris Carter And Stars David Duchovny & Gillian Anderson. Deadline.com. წაკითხვის თარიღი: March 24, 2015.
↑ Ausiello, Michael. (May 11, 2015) Fox Fall Schedule: Scream Queens Takes Tuesday Crown, Sleepy Rises on Thursday, X-Files Held 'Til January. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: May 11, 2015.
↑ Slezak, Michael. (September 10, 2015) The X-Files Revival Premiere to Screen at NY Comic-Con in October. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: September 11, 2015.
↑ 4.0 4.1 Ausiello, Michael. (July 21, 2015) The X-Files Revival Adds Robbie Amell and Lauren Ambrose as New Agents. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: July 21, 2015.
↑ Roots, Kimberely. The X-Files: Annabeth Gish to Reprise Reyes in Fox's Revival. TVLine (August 11, 2015). წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 12, 2015.
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Connolly, Kelly. (July 22, 2015) The Lone Gunmen set to return to The X-Files. Entertainment Weekly. წაკითხვის თარიღი: July 22, 2015.
↑ Ausiello, Michael. (August 7, 2015) The X-Files: Scully's [Spoiler Returning]. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 7, 2015.
↑ Munn, Patrick. (June 17, 2015) BBC Two's 'Line Of Duty' Adds Aiysha Hart, 'The Americans' Star Annet Mahendru Joins 'The X-Files'. TVWise. წაკითხვის თარიღი: June 17, 2015.
↑ Upadhyaya, Kayla Kumari. (July 7, 2015) Fox's X-Files revival lands Rhys Darby. The A.V. Club. წაკითხვის თარიღი: July 7, 2015.
↑ Roffman, Marisa. (July 20, 2015) 'The X-Files': 'Silicon Valley's' Kumail Nanjiani to Guest-Star. The Hollywood Reporter. წაკითხვის თარიღი: July 20, 2015.
↑ შვარცი, ტერი; კოლურა, სკოტ. NYCC 2015: The X-Files Revival Season Is Half Mythology, Half Standalone Episodes. IGN (October 10, 2015). წაკითხვის თარიღი: 11 ოქტომბერი, 2015.
↑ What Do We Know From a Callsheet?. XFilesNews (June 17, 2015). წაკითხვის თარიღი: June 17, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. Sunday Final Ratings: 'X-Files' Adjusts Up by a Full Point. Tribune Digital Ventures (January 26, 2016). წაკითხვის თარიღი: January 26, 2016.
↑ Ausiello, Michael. (June 4, 2015) X-Files Revival on Fox: Are We Getting a Sequel to the Season 4 Classic 'Home'?. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: June 4, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. Monday Final Ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Superstore' Adjust Up. Tribune Digital Ventures (January 26, 2016). წაკითხვის თარიღი: January 26, 2016.
↑ Ausiello, Michael. (June 24, 2015) Ask Ausiello: Spoilers on CSI Finale, Arrow, Supernatural, X-Files, Hannibal, Secrets & Lies and More!. TVLine. წაკითხვის თარიღი: June 24, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. (February 2, 2016) Monday Final Ratings: 'X-Files,' 'Lucifer' and 'The Bachelor' Adjust Up. Tribune Digital Ventures. წაკითხვის თარიღი: February 2, 2016.
↑ The X-Files Revial – 4th Episode Title and More. XFilesNews.com (July 22, 2015). წაკითხვის თარიღი: July 22, 2015.
↑ 19.0 19.1 Simon, Anne. (August 3, 2015) Tagging along with Chris Carter tomorrow on location with #XFiles episode 4, written/directed by Chris. Hoping for good pics and live tweets. Twitter. წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 3, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. (February 9, 2016) Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' and 'Scorpion' Adjust Up. Tribune Digital Ventures. წაკითხვის თარიღი: February 9, 2016.
↑ 21.0 21.1 The X-Files Returning to TV - Know All About It!. XFilesNews.com (August 19, 2015). წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 19, 2015.
↑ 22.0 22.1 X-Files News. (August 3, 2015) Episode No. 5 of #XFilesRevival is going to be written and directed by #JamesWong @thexfiles #thexfiles. Twitter. წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 4, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. (February 17, 2016) Monday Final Ratings: Grammys and All Other Shows Hold. Tribune Digital Ventures. წაკითხვის თარიღი: February 17, 2016.
↑ Simon, Anne. (August 10, 2015) Chris has confirmed. Will get story credit on #XFiles episode 6 with BFF Margaret Fearon who gave medical advice and is real live Scully.. Twitter. წაკითხვის თარიღი: August 10, 2015.
↑ Porter, Rick. (February 23, 2016) Monday Final Ratings: 'Bachelor' Adjusts Up, 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' Adjusts Down. Tribune Digital Ventures. წაკითხვის თარიღი: February 23, 2016.
ეს გვერდი ბოლოს დარედაქტირდა: 13:10, 16 იანვარი 2019.


text:
Missionaries for Life
Published: Fall 2014 in Alumni Profiles
Jim '70 and Sue Bergman '71 DeVries have shared a lifetime of marriage and ministry. They raised three daughters overseas as missionaries with One Challenge International (OCI), and all three now serve on the mission field them-selves with the 10 grandchil-dren. After 38 years, Jim and Sue have moved to Colorado but still work with OCI.
The DeVries began their career in Ghana, teaching high school after earning degrees and credentials at Westmont. Feeling isolated, they decided they preferred a team approach, and they saw the need for educated pastors. Jim then completed additional study at Mennonite Biblical Seminary in Fresno, and they joined team-centered OCI. After a few years in the Philippines, they returned to Africa. "That's where our hearts were," Jim says.
Based in Kenya, they spent 20 years with eight families training pastors, traveling throughout Kenya and East Africa. "We got pastors of all different denominations together," Jim says. "This kind of fellowship strengthens the body of Christ. We learned that at Westmont, where we made friends with people from all denominational backgrounds. We've always sought to work with the whole body of Christ and all the people who love Christ."
During one furlough, Sue earned a master's degree in communi-cations at Wheaton College. Her adviser, Mark Fackler '69, was editor of the Horizon when she worked as a copy editor for the student paper. She later taught journalism at DayStar University in Nairobi.
In 2006, OCI asked them to move to Cyprus to support missionaries in the Middle East, who face ongoing stress. Jim used his experience at a Christian counseling center in Nairobi to help people stay healthy and avoid burnout. Sue, who'd edited a magazine for African pastors, developed a newsletter for workers in their new region.
"Missionaries face so many stresses, and many don't go back after their first term," Sue says. "Building relationships takes time. We felt God was really using us in our second and third terms—we were just getting established in our first." They encourage missionaries to persevere and learn the language and the culture.
Working with new members and summer interns has helped Jim and Sue understand the impact of technology on the mission field. "Young people expect to be connected to social media while overseas, so they have one foot back home and the other in their new country," Sue says. "It makes it more difficult for them to commit and more likely they will bail when it isn't fun anymore. Easy access to friends and family keeps them from meeting their social needs through local people, and they are less likely to attend the local church and support the pastor."
"We tell them the Lord can use them," Jim says. "But it takes time for that to happen." In caring for other OCI workers, the couple sometimes deals with conflict and difficult situations. "We learned how to do that at Westmont from Rosemarie Springer," Sue says. "She taught us to hold people accountable even when it's uncomfortable. It's the most loving thing you can do for one another."


Anytime we learn something new, when our eyes our opened to a new perspective, it's tempting to become a zealous evangelist. When Bob Lupton wrote Toxic Charity, he hoped the message would spread as enlightened converts brought innovative ideas to the charity sector.
However, just as well-intentioned charity can have unintended consequences, so can this new wave of smart charity practice. I've written about compassion paralysis and practitioner's guilt, but another unexpected response to Toxic Charity is the emergence of the Charity Police.
Having become familiar with the basic concepts and terminology, the Charity Police now feel they can clearly distinguish between the good charities and toxic charities. Like your friend the movie critic, foodie or coffee snob (guilty as charged!), they set themselves up as the judge between who "gets it" and who doesn't, who's right and who's wrong.
The truth is, we are all trying to figure this out! I have yet to find a ministry that is 100% toxic, or one that is 100% healthy. What we don't need is critics. What we do need is courageous participants who are willing to enter into the complexity of poverty alongside the materially wealthy and the materially poor to seek innovative and holistic solutions.
So we offer an invitation to the Charity Police. We want your voice in our ministries and projects, calling us to think twice about the breadth and depth of our work. Instead of being a critic from a distance, we need insightful partners who can think critically alongside us about the ramifications of the work we are doing.
And we encourage you to offer solutions as well. Let's think creatively together. Take the good that you see and consider how we might expand it or share it.
It can be too easy to judge from the sidelines. But the Charity Police can offer their sharp eyes to the good of the cause by jumping in and coming alongside.


text:
Q: Доступ к локальному сайту из домашней сети Есть много машин(офис). Все подключены через wifi к роутеру. Запускаю на одной машине сайт - Tomcat8, который доступен по адресу localhost:8080. Как мне сделать так что бы другие машины могли достучатся до этого сайта?

A: Если у вас не стоит никаких ограничений на маршрутизаторе, то вам надо узнать ip адрес машины на которой запущен ваш сервер. И на других машинах использовать
<ip адрес сервера>:8080

Если у вас настроен внутренний сервер имен, то можно вместо ip адреса использовать внутреннее доменное имя сервера.


text:
<?php

namespace core\controllers;

use core\components\Controller;

/**
 * AdministratorController implements the CRUD actions for Administrator model.
 */
class AdministratorController extends Controller
{
    var $MainModel = 'core\models\Administrator';
    var $MainModelSearch = 'core\models\AdministratorSearch';
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The other day I went to get some ice cream out of the freezer because the temperature outside was incredibly hot. Here in Atlanta, that's very common, especially during the summer months. I was surprised to find that my ice cream was no ice and all cream! For some reason, the refrigerator was no longer working, and I didn't realize it until it was too late.
My ice cream melted; my ice became water again, and the chicken I had in the freezer, was completely thawed out and ready to cook! Obviously I needed a refrigerator repair. Living at home alone, with no experience in fixing a fridge, I had to call a repair person out to take a look at it.After doing some research, I called on Expert Appliance Repair Atlanta. They have been in business for many years, they guarantee their service, and they can come out very quickly. Needless to say, after calling Expert Appliance Repair Atlanta, they came out the same day and provided same day refrigerator repair Atlanta GA.
All it really needed was a quick tune up and also some more freon. I was so excited that my fridge was working now, but I did have to go out and buy some more ice cream! I know, in the future to call on Expert Appliance Repair Atlanta, they are the best around.


Come and join us for a festival of cricket action and family fun at North Sydney Oval, December 7-9 with *kids FREE all weekend!
With four WBBL clubs playing over three action-packed days, you'll have the chance to get behind your hometown heroes from the Sydney Sixers, as well as watching the biggest names in cricket from around the world!
The highlight of the festival will take place on Saturday night when the Sydney Smash derby takes place between the Sixers and Thunder.
The festival will open on Friday night with a huge clash between Sydney Sixers and Perth Scorchers!
North Sydney Ovalwill be transformed into a summer festival atmosphere with entertainment on offer for the whole family including a Bounce Inc. Zone, food trucks, music, a stack of giveaways PLUS the chance to meet your WBBL and BBL heroes!
7:10pm - Sydney Sixers v Perth Scorchers. Click here for tickets.
2:50pm - Brisbane Heat v Perth Scorchers. Please purchase a ticket to the Sixers v Thunder match (below) which will allow entry into this game.
7:10pm - Sydney Sixers v Sydney Thunder. Click here for tickets.
2:50pm - Sydney Thunder v Brisbane Heat. Click here for tickets.


text:
// Copyright 2019 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

package org.chromium.chrome.browser.share.send_tab_to_self;

import org.chromium.base.annotations.CalledByNative;
import org.chromium.base.annotations.JNINamespace;
import org.chromium.base.annotations.NativeMethods;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.profiles.Profile;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Bridge to interface with send_tab_to_self_model_observer_bridge which interacts with the
 * corresponding model observer. This is used by the SendTabToSelfInfobarController to listen
 * for model changes and show an infobar to the user.
 */
@JNINamespace("send_tab_to_self")
public class SendTabToSelfModelObserverBridge {
    private long mNativeModelObserverBridge;

    private final List<SendTabToSelfObserver> mObservers;

    /**
     * Java version of the observer that implementors can use to listen for model changes.
     */
    public abstract class SendTabToSelfObserver {
        /**
         * Corresponds to the EntriesAddedRemotely function in SendTabToSelfModelObserver.
         * @param entries Entries removed remotely.
         */
        public abstract void entriesAddedRemotely(List<SendTabToSelfEntry> entries);

        /**
         * Corresponds to the EntriesRemovedRemotely function in SendTabToSelfModelObserver.
         * @param guids Guids of the entries that were removed.
         */
        public abstract void entriesRemovedRemotely(List<String> guids);

        /**
         * Corresponds to the ModelLoaded function in SendTabToSelfModelObserver.
         * @return whether the model is loaded or not.
         */
        public abstract boolean modelLoaded();
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new bridge for the profile provided.
     * @param profile Profile to construct the bridge for.
     */
    public SendTabToSelfModelObserverBridge(Profile profile) {
        Natives jni = SendTabToSelfModelObserverBridgeJni.get();
        mNativeModelObserverBridge = jni.init(this, profile);
        mObservers = new ArrayList<SendTabToSelfObserver>();
    }

    /** Destroys this instance so no further calls can be executed. */
    public void destroy() {
        if (mNativeModelObserverBridge != 0) {
            Natives jni = SendTabToSelfModelObserverBridgeJni.get();
            jni.destroy(mNativeModelObserverBridge);
            mNativeModelObserverBridge = 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds an observer to listen for model changes.
     * @param observer Observer to listen for model changes.
     */
    public void addObserver(SendTabToSelfObserver observer) {
        mObservers.add(observer);
    }

    /**
     * Removes an observer to no longer listen for model changes.
     * @param observer Observer to remove.
     */
    public void removeObserver(SendTabToSelfObserver observer) {
        mObservers.remove(observer);
    }

    /**
     * @return An empty array list to be populated by native code with SendTabToSelfEntries.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private List<SendTabToSelfEntry> createEmptyJavaEntryList() {
        return new ArrayList<SendTabToSelfEntry>();
    }

    /**
     * Adds an entry to the list of entries. Called by native code.
     * @param entries List to add to.
     * @param entry Entry to add to the list.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private void addToEntryList(List<SendTabToSelfEntry> entries, SendTabToSelfEntry entry) {
        entries.add(entry);
    }

    /**
     * @return An empty array list to be populated by native code with Guids (strings).
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private List<String> createEmptyJavaGuidList() {
        return new ArrayList<String>();
    }

    /**
     * Adds a guid to the list of Guids. Called by native code.
     * @param guids List to add to.
     * @param guid Guid to add to the list.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private void addToGuidList(List<String> guids, String guid) {
        guids.add(guid);
    }

    /**
     * Called by native code in send_tab_to_self_model_observer when the model has a new entry.
     * @param newEntries The new entries pushed by the model.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private void entriesAddedRemotely(List<SendTabToSelfEntry> newEntries) {
        for (SendTabToSelfObserver observer : mObservers) {
            observer.entriesAddedRemotely(newEntries);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called by the native code in send_tab_to_self_model_observer when the model has a deletion
     * update.
     * @param guids Guids corresponding to the entries that were removed.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private void entriesRemovedRemotely(List<String> guids) {
        for (SendTabToSelfObserver observer : mObservers) {
            observer.entriesRemovedRemotely(guids);
        }
    }
    /**
     * Called by the native code in send_tab_to_self_model_observer when the model is loaded.
     */
    @CalledByNative
    private void modelLoaded() {
        for (SendTabToSelfObserver observer : mObservers) {
            observer.modelLoaded();
        }
    }

    @NativeMethods
    interface Natives {
        long init(SendTabToSelfModelObserverBridge bridge, Profile profile);

        void destroy(long nativeSendTabToSelfModelObserverBridge);
    }
}


text:
Brands Should Increasingly Target Connected 'Super Leaders' to Thrive in a Digital, Information-saturated World
Super Leaders – a newly-defined digital community of early adopters and brand amplifiers – are now the most influential group in building, or eroding, brand preference, according to the Tetra Pak Index 2017. Companies that fail to engage with Super Leader
.@TetraPak launches the 10th annual Tetra Pak Index with @GA on 'connected consumers'- Download it now for free! http://bit.ly/2x7qTeu
Wednesday, September 6, 2017 - 9:00am
NEWSROOM: Tetra Pak
CAMPAIGN: Tetra Pak Index
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, September 6, 2017 /3BL Media/ - Brands need to focus their online engagement on a new generation of influencers if they are to thrive in a connected, information-saturated world, according to the Tetra Pak 2017 Index. The company has identified a group of Super Leaders, the most influential subset of the wider online community. When engaged, these influencers can become brand advocates to spread messages, shape opinions and help build trust in products.
The report shows that third-party, user-generated content is becoming increasingly important, and is often more convincing than direct communications from brands. By engaging the Super Leaders, brands can concentrate their resources on a smaller group, while reaching a wider connected audience. As case studies in the report illustrate, many brands have already begun this approach.
Representing just 7% of the online population, Super Leaders are the most active and social people online. More than half (57%) of them write brand and/or product reviews every week, and nearly two-thirds (65%) say they are more likely to do so after a positive experience. In addition, more than three-quarters (78%) expect brands to reply to their reviews and ratings, saying that interacting with brands on social media improves their opinion of that brand (79%).
The report also shows how the customer journey is shifting from a relatively linear process to a complex network of multiple touch points. Consumers today search for product information before, during and after buying. They refer to at least four information sources pre-purchase, many of which are beyond the control of brands - all the more reason for companies to engage the Super Leaders, as their reviews and conversations with brands form one of the most credible information sources for consumers.
Alexandre Carvalho, Director Marketing Services at Tetra Pak said: "Using new ways to reach the connected consumers is especially important when you think of Generation Z and others who are becoming an important consumer group. They have been brought up in a digital world, and expect brands to communicate in a similar way. The age of passive, one-way communication is over. Brands need to adjust their communications and use more channel-specific, smart, authentic and engaging content if they are to seize the opportunities in this new world."
In addition, the report demonstrates that packaging has an important role to play in offering a gateway to greater consumer engagement. For example, digital codes printed on packages can improve transparency of traceability, allowing consumers to access information about the product right down to the source. The package can also be transformed into a platform for two-way information flow where brands can capture specific, valuable data about their consumers as well as share more information about the product itself.
Alexandre Carvalho, Director Marketing Services at Tetra Pak said: "The digital package gives brand owners a direct link to the consumer through an important communication channel – the product itself. To make the most of this fully owned channel, we are piloting the use of augmented reality and other digital technology in our packaging to help our customers stay ahead of the game."
Find out more on The Connected Consumer
Tetra Pak is the world's leading food processing and packaging solutions company. Working closely with our customers and suppliers, we provide safe, innovative and environmentally sound products that each day meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people in more than 170 countries. With more than 24,000 employees around the world, we believe in responsible industry leadership and a sustainable approach to business. Our motto, "PROTECTS WHAT'S GOOD™," reflects our vision to make food safe and available, everywhere.
More information about Tetra Pak is available at www.tetrapak.com
Download the attached file(s):
Tetra_Pak_Index_report_2017.5th_Sept.pdf
CATEGORY: Research, Reports & Publications
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In 2011, 4,432 pedestrians were killed and 70,000 injured in traffic accidents across the United States. On average, a pedestrian is injured every 8 minutes in traffic crashes. While these statistics are startling, they are not new. Pedestrian accidents have been on the increase in recent years due to numerous factors, including texting, distracted driving, and driving impaired.
As with all motor vehicle accidents, it is important to establish who is at fault for the accident. After all, not all pedestrian accidents are the fault of the motorist. Small children may inadvertently run out in front of an oncoming car or a pedestrian who is texting while walking may suddenly walk into an intersection unaware.
The State of Washington is a pure comparative negligence state. This means that a judge or jury will determine the level of responsibility you had for your accident. Then you are responsible for your percentage of the damages.
Susan was crossing the street not at a designated crosswalk. The driver of the vehicle was speeding around the curve when he hit Susan and caused serious injuries. If a judge determined that Susan was 40% responsible for her accident since she was not crossing the street at a crosswalk, then Susan would be responsible for 40% of her injuries and expenses. The negligent driver would be responsible for 60%.
Immediately after you are injured, it is important to contact an experienced Seattle pedestrian accident attorney. Your attorney will need to gather evidence to show that the driver of the vehicle was at fault for your injuries. To do this, accident recreation experts, eyewitnesses, and police reports might be needed. Determining fault is the key to obtaining the maximum compensation following a devastating pedestrian accident. Without legal representation, you risk receiving far less than you need to fully recover.
Once fault is established, your attorney will be able to file a claim with the at-fault driver's insurance company to ensure that you are compensated for your injuries. A personal injury lawsuit may also be filed to obtain money for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and loss of companionship.
If a negligent driver injures you or someone you love, an experienced Seattle pedestrian accident attorney at Phillips Law Firm can help. If you are interested in learning more about your legal options, call us at 1-800-708-6000. Our Seattle personal injury lawsuit attorneys are waiting to assist you 24/7, offering a free case evaluation. Remember our no fee promise. If we do not recover anything for you, you do not owe us an attorney fee.


It is a very short walk (50m) from the airport terminal to the Southampton Airport railway station, where there are upto 3 trains per hour to London, the fastest trains making the journey in 66 minutes.
The train into Southampton takes 8 minutes.
Two bus companies operate services from the airport running into Southampton. Uni-link runs a service, every 15 mins during the week or every 20 minutes at the week end, from the airport to the city centre, university, and water front - some buses have WiFi.
Short term parking is located immediately opposite the terminal building while the long term car park is at a distance of approximately 1.3km with a shuttle bus running every 10 minutes.
Southampton airport has 4 bars/cafes/restaurants, 3 shops, an executive lounge, ATM's (some dispensing Euros or British Pounds), a pre-ordered currency collection facility, Internet access points, laptop plug-in points, luggage lockers, and WiFi Internet access (FREE for 4 hours).
2.0 million passengers passed through Southampton airport in 2017, an increase of 6% from the previous year.


Looking for best 21213 zip code Internet service providers? We found 7 high speed 21213 internet companies and 31 plans in 21213 zip code neighbourhoods. The cheapest 21213 internet available is $29.99 per month. Comcast is offering 60Mbps Cable Internet for as low as $29.99 per month. The fastest 21213 internet is 2000 Mbps. Comcast is offering 2000 Mbps Cable Internet for as low as $299.95 per month.
AT&T, Comcast, Verizon, Atlantic Broadband, HughesNet, Viasat and Quantum Internet and Telephone are the best 21213 internet in your area. Compare below their plan, price, speed, features and get exclusive discounts for ordering online!
- 96% of residents in 21213 zip code can get Comcast Cable Internet. The fastest speed Comcast customers can get in 21213 is 200 Mbps download and 10 Mbps upload.
- 97% of residents in 21213 zip code can get Verizon DSL Internet. The fastest speed Verizon customers can get in 21213 is 15 Mbps download and 1.5 Mbps upload.
97% of residents in 21213 zip code can get DSL Internet.
96% of residents in 21213 zip code can get Cable Internet.
What is the fastest Internet speed 21213 zip code?
XFINITY (Comcast) is the fastest DSL Internet Service Provider in 21213 zip code. XFINITY (Comcast) delivers fast, reliable internet service in 21213, Baltimore. XFINITY (Comcast) offers speeds up to 200 Mbps and is the best option for speed where it's available.
What is the cheapest Internet provider in 21213 zip code?
The cheapest Internet Service Provider in 21213 zip code is $29.99 per month. Comcast offers 60Mbps Cable Internet for as low as $29.99 per month.
What are the best Internet Providers in 21213 zip code?


Easy Dessert to make in 15 minutes!
Place theGreek yogurt in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the whisk attachment. Beat the yogurt until light and fluffy, around 10 minutes.
Add the whipped topping and stir to combine.


Conflict models are often used successfully in the workplace, labor relations, and on an international scale to understand conflict. Such models focus on the prediction and resolution of conflict in order to reduce its devastating impact. In international affairs these models help to frame a greater understanding of the components that influence the decisions which lead to conflict and war. The following article will discuss current and possible future models of conflict prediction.
Modeling conflict often takes a theoretical and a mathematical approach. Once the theoretical components have been found they are written into mathematical models. Such models use regression analysis and other statistical approaches to predict when and where conflicts will occur. The more accurate the model is the more likely it will be able to validly predict potential conflict before eruption.
A criticism of the model is based on the resource considerations being a root cause of conflict and ignores values, religion, or social stress as factors.
Ecosystemic Complexity Theory of Conflict (ECTC): Assumptions of ECTC include 1.) conflict exists in a nonlinear fashion; 2.) conflict exists in a multi-layered social arena; 3). human behavior is unpredictable and difficult to control; 4.) patterns emerge for conflict improvement; and 5.) avoidance of control mechanisms and encouragement of adaption and change (Brack, Lassiter, Hill, & Moore, 2011). The theory has some strength because it is possible to break apart the components and allow for higher levels of analysis. Such a theory has been applied successfully to explaining the patterns to the Cuban Missile Crisis and its back channel communication. It further highlights the concepts that adaptation and change help to reduce conflict as patterns and behaviors change to conflicting conditions. The theory can be criticized for placing too little emphasis on the beneficial aspects of control mechanisms that can influence decision-making and behavior.
Spatial Models: Close proximity, in addition to other factors, increases the likelihood that conflict will arise (Ward & Kirby, 1987). This model helps to predict how conflict (i.e. WWII) spread throughout the region. With appropriate distance the potential for future conflict can be reduced. However, this model works well with unsophisticated groups but does not consider the significant improvement in logistics and telecommunications over the past few decades. Such models spread based upon communication and transference of ideas. Likewise, economic conditions and governmental factors may impact local regions.
Game-Theoretical Models: Commonly called Game Theory each player pursues a course of action in order to maximize their opportunities and advantages in pursuit of a particular goal (Glenn, Johnson, Kimmel & Wedge, 1970). Under this model the more information, research, and knowledge the players have the better the choices and decisions. The conflict ends when one side is limited in choices and has considerable risk of loss if another move is made.
Neurological-Conflict Models: Neurological models bring forward the concept that conflict is rooted in the social, neurological, and psychological factors of understanding and decision making. Through such decision-making analysis it is possible to predict and resolve international conflict (Kerman, 1965). Conflict becomes minimized when both parties have similar vantage points and shared understandings or interests.
Critical Race Theory of Conflict (CRT): The theory makes two assumptions which include 1.) race is the cause of conflict and is embedded in society's fabric; and 2.) law and racial power are tied together (Gotanda, 1995). Criticism of the theory lies in its over emphasis in all aspects racial as the cause of conflict while using little evidence. Such a theory would be useless in such societies that do not have diversity and would be inappropriate in a post racial society where democratic principles maintain inclusiveness. Certainly conflict has many more causes than skin color as can be seen during civil wars where the same race engages in inter-conflict.
Each model has some advantages and disadvantages when used in predicting potential conflict or finding appropriate resolutions. Such models often help to explain interpersonal conflict between two persons, organizations, or nations. As long as there is imperfection and inaccuracy in the process there is a benefit in proposing new models.
Morton Deutsch (1973) indicates that conflict is a result of opposing goals, claims, beliefs, values, wishes, actions, feelings, etc... Under such conflicts it is the difference in values that further causes problems and issues between two entities. Such conflict is often derived from a person's assumptions about "how things should be". These assumptions can lead to forcing one's "reality" on the other. As we know forcing one's will can be an expensive and costly proposition and therefore should be used as a last resort in cases of extreme importance.
Conflict can also be seen in a relational context of history, actions, and beliefs that eventual lead to clash (Coleman, et. al. 2012). Thus, conflict is a psycho-social event that results from a continuum of activity between the entities involved. The motivation of conflict arises over time as the parts interact and socialize but maintain their separate identities. Historical self-identities of the entities involved can also lead to a level of conflict if their root perceptions and self-perceptions are wrong.
Reviewing literature for the development of Me-conomics Theory it is possible that basic concepts from other sources can be applied to an explanatory model of predicting and preventing conflict. Me-conomics is the study of the socialized self within an economic system. This vantage point includes understanding the values and perspectives of employees as it relates to their cognitive processes, socialized root value systems, and their motivation to achieve rewards.
Like Clark Hull's Theory of Motivation, which sees employee motivation as a function of drive and habit B=f(DxH), the Me-conomic model of conflict sees the motivation for conflict from the relationship of the differences of values between two entities, the economic value of the gain or loss resulting from the conflict, and the amount of antagonistic discourse between the two entities.
The potential for economic clash can be seen as a function of the difference in values related to methods of needs attainment, the economic value of the transaction(s) and the anxiety level of the relationship. This could be denoted as EC=Function (DV x EV x AL) using the factors of Economic Conflict (EC), Difference of Values (DV), Economic Value (EV) and Anxiety Level (AL). It is possible to represent this relationship as the following mathematical equation.
Difference of Values (DV): These are the root assumptions and values that people have about themselves or the society they live within. When two entities have dramatically different self-perceptions and root value systems they are unlikely to come to the same conclusions about certain events. Therefore, this difference creates whole new patterns of thought that are radically different and begin the highlight the differences of the entities involved.
Economic Value (EV): This is the value of the commodity or social worth of having a conflict. Two entities engaged in a conflict might be fighting about relationships, jobs, money, land, resources or anything else. The value must have high importance to engage in the conflict. Few would engage in costly and risky conflicts for items that have little to no value.
Anxiety Level (AL): Anxiety levels are those personal and social anxieties that are a result of maintaining either self-image or ensuring that social parties are satisfied. As the public discourse rises the anxiety levels are likely to rise with it. This is one of the reasons why the media will be flooded with news about the atrocities of the actions of a nation or two school age boys will shout back and forth before a conflict results. The more the parties invest in the act the more pressure to engage in it.
Example 1: Two nations have a disagreement over an important and rare commodity which could be worth billions of dollars in the short-run and hundreds of billions of dollars in economic value in the future. The type of commodity isn't as important as its perceived value. Both countries adhere to different religious and social systems and see the other nation as intrusive, an outsider, and ethnocentric (i.e. culture clash). The anxiety level between the two nations has been rising for years through political rhetoric, media reporting, and ideological grandstanding. The high levels of different value systems, the potential for loss or gain of the commodity, and the anxiety level greatly raises the potential for such a conflict. In this case anxiety can be seen as that social and personal anxiety that pressures the subject to act. Sometimes this can be experienced through the media, financial supporters, or societal pressure.
To reduce the potential for conflict in such a situation would mean negotiating a mutually agreeable contract of the commodity, listening to and sharing perspectives, and reducing the political rhetoric. As each factor decreases so does the likelihood of a repeat conflict. For example, even if an entity disagrees with another over some value laden course of action the potential for conflict is much lower when acting alone then when there is a combination of value differences, economic incentives, and high public discourse to engage in the conflict.
Example 2: The economy has suffered some recent declines and revenue is hard to achieve. Organizational profit margins are on the decline. Unionized employees have become accustomed to incremental increases in wages every time the employment contract is signed. This is a direct result of two decades of economic expansion of markets. However, executives are now feeling pressure, due to market constraints, to reduce overall costs and increase productivity. The differences between management and employee values on methods of needs attainment and wealth distribution, limited resources available, and increased politicking on both sides of the isle are likely to create high levels of anxiety.
To resolve this issue is difficult but not impossible. Focusing closely on non-financial needs of employees, offering economic opportunities for individual goal attainment, helping leaders of both sides "save face", and sharing perspectives can minimize those catalysts that can cause a strike or lockout. What would be a benefit in this situation is a frank discussion on solutions to the financial stress and offering rewards in return for productivity. Such revenue sharing can be individualized or collectivized by the organization's profits (i.e. profit sharing, incentives, bonuses, decision making committees, or stock options in lieu of immediate compensation). Changing the vantage point to one of collaboration, economic opportunities and shared benefits are a start but doesn't begin to address this complex issue.
Conflict modeling is never a perfect solution. To present there are no models with 100% accuracy. In any conflict there are hundreds and thousands of factors that lead to the first eruption. Yet each of these factors are often grouped and statistically analyzed on a micro or macro scale to determine their relevance to the prediction process. Until a more valid conflict model has been developed we will still be subject to surprises.
Brack, G., Lassiter, P., Hill, M. & Moore, S. (2011). Ecosystemic complexity theory of conflict. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 50 (1).
Coleman, et. al. (2012). A situated model of conflict in social relationships. Negotiation Journal, 28 (1).
Deutsch, M. & Leweiki, R. (1970). Locking in: effects during a game of chicken. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14 (3).
Glen, E., Johnson, R., Kimmel, P. & Wedge, B (March, 1970). A cognitive interaction model to analyze culture conflict in international relations. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14 (4).
Gotanda et al, (1995) Critical Race Theory: Key Writings That Formed the Movement. New Press. Introduction.
Kelman, H. (1965). International behavior: a social-psychological analysis. Irvington Pub. 15B082900275.
Pondy, L. (1967). Organizational conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12 (2).
Ward, M. & Kirby, A. (1987). Reexamining spatial models of international conflict. Annals of Association of American Geographers, 77 (2).