Walk one city block in Melbourne and it is easy to see why it is regarded alongside Berlin, London and New York as one of the street art capitals of the world.
Locals and visitors alike can be found exploring the city's labyrinth of laneways, streets, facades and venues appreciating the many forms of contemporary urban art throughout the city and out to surrounding precincts such as St Kilda, Fitzroy, Collingwood and Brunswick.
Street art contributes significantly to Melbourne's vibrant urban environment, providing a constantly changing tapestry for passers-by to admire. The art form is supported by city councils, residents and businesses alike, making street art an integral part of the Melbourne experience.
A visitor need only follow the stencil art, paste ups and murals adorning the walls around town, to find all the best places to stay, drink, dine and visit in Melbourne.
Hosier and Rutledge – two of the city's original street art laneways that now have ever-changing artworks on the walls from emerging artists to beginners on the scene. Very popular for visitors who come to see the huge Adnate mural of an indigenous child.
AC/DC and Duckboard Place – a horseshoe shaped outdoor art gallery with artworks inspired by the top-class dining (Tonka, Lee Ho Fook, Pastuso) found here as well as one of Melbourne's music institutions, Cherry Bar. Currently sporting a new Mike Makatron mural.
Union Lane – just off Bourke Street mall this narrow passage is great for curious visitors who will often see artists with their spray cans putting up new artworks.
Myers Place – a stunning new piece by the prolific Makatron creates an urban jungle at the top end of Bourke Street.
Croft Alley – a zig and a zag down this hidden away narrow laneway in the heart of Chinatown delivers an evolving selection of colourful art but some of the more established artists.
Easeys– this bar and restaurant in Fitzroy is covered from top to bottom in street art. The architects consulted with a number of local street artists to design the interior and exterior of this 5-leveled venue that features a train carriage on the rooftop.
Arlechin – Guy Grossi's new laneway leading to a cool new late-night bar Arlechin has a selection of great new pieces to admire while looking out of the box seat window at the front.
Section 8 – is a drinking venue that began its life as two shipping containers in a car park and is now a popular street-art themed laneway bar.
Ferdydurke – in Tattersall Lane with a huge piece by renowned artist, Heesco, guests follow stencil art up the staircase to the entry of this funky cocktail bar.
Croft Institute – is a much loved drinking venue with a long, colourful laneway notorious for its ever changing facade of murals, that leads to the door.
Chin Chin – has fully incorporated the city's love for art into its dining experience combining stencil art, murals, light, outdoor projections and sound – it's laneway, also has an ode to some of the best chefs in the world.
Attica – a friendship between Australia's top chef Ben Shewry and artist Heesco as resulted in the outdoor wall of the revered restaurant covered in a Heesco mural.
Transformer – the entire façade of this vegetarian restaurant in Fitzroy is covered street art designed by New York artist Never Satisfied, curated by Dean Sunshine.
Cookie – is a much-loved dining, drinking and dancing institution which has a huge black, grey and white mural.
Movida – being immersed in Hosier Lane (Melbourne's street-art heart) this restaurant has an ever-changing face that is always exciting, colourful and inspiring.
Melbourne Street Art Tours – offer tour led by some of Melbourne's best street artists, giving participants an insider's overview of the Melbourne underground street art scene. The tour finishes up with a drink amongst artists working in the Blender Studios new home in Melbourne's Docklands.
Wall To Wall Street Art Festival – is Victoria's first regional street art festival that runs run annually every March. The town of Benalla, located in the North East of Melbourne, was selected to host the festival and a provided a forward thinking approach to rejuvenating the regional town. The town is now home to painted murals up to 3 stories high using scissor lifts, cherry pickers and scaffold to scale the buildings to create their modern masterpieces.
Rose Street Market – is a popular artists market where street art designs on the walls of the courtyard change regularly. The surrounding streets and the cafes are also covered in colourful street art from local and international artists.
InterContinental Melbourne The Rialto – is a unique heritage listed hotel, built over a genuine cobblestone laneway, giving guests the opportunity to sleep amongst Melbourne's street art with a 40m long mural painted by local street artists from The Blender Studios. It can be viewed from the event space, The Laneway Rooms on the lower ground floor.
Adelphi Hotel – located next to the city's heart of street art, Hosier Lane, this hotel pays homage to this artistic style throughout its rooms. As one of the world's first dessert hotels, it proudly displays 'Lucy'; a piece by local street artist Barry Drinan which reflects both the edgy and original characteristics of the hotel and its surrounds.
Crown Melbourne – has numerous pieces of street art in its properties, the most significant one by artist Doyle from Blender Studios who was commissioned to paint a colourful mural under the Kings Bridge that runs along Crown's riverside walk, along the Yarra River. Called 'The Wall' it is a critique on Australian contemporary culture.
Crown Metropol – a vibrant hotel part of the Crown suite with an infinity pool overlooking the city. The hotel features a huge lady-bird inspired piece at its entrance, created by local artist Mike Maka.
Art Series: The Cullen – an inner south boutique hotel that is part of the art series with individual rooms painted by artists such as DFace, Swoon, Blak Le Rat and ELK to name a few.
Ovolo Laneways – a boutique hotel designed and inspired by the hidden laneways and street art that Melbourne is known for in the heart of the city.
Everfresh Studio – is an explosive hub of creation and activity, inconspicuously located in Melbourne's inner-city suburb of Collingwood. Behind an unmarked factory door, Everfresh artists conceive, develop and collaborate to produce their now internationally renowned work for the streets, as well as fine art for exhibition in galleries and to furnish the art market's growing appetite for street art.
Juddy Roller – is an award-winning street art and graffiti management company. Director Shaun Hossack curates exhibitions and events, large scale mural projects and festivals, and maintains an international creative network of street artists. Situated in 'Juddy Roller Lane' visitors can explore the laneway and view the ever changing murals and artworks that activate the area as well as visiting Juddy Roller Studio.
Blender Studios – founded by artist Adrian Doyle, is a studio with 16 resident artists and many alumni's who have shaped the face of Melbourne's art culture, since it opened in 2002. The Studios offer visitors multiple experiences including the Melbourne Street Art Tours (Australia's only street art tour run by artists), artist run workshops. The studio has recently set up its new home in Melbourne's Docklands area, Harbour Town, and with it, new artworks appearing in the precinct bringing a new energy to this part of town.


'Right-to-try' laws: better for patients or a threat to patient safety?
In this blog post, we explore the debate around 'right-to-try' laws in the United States.
We recently published an article about adaptive clinical trials – explaining the different types of adaptive trial, and why this type of trial design is becoming more popular. In parallel to the increasing popularity of adaptive trial protocols, a more controversial approach to improving access to new treatments is also being explored. In the US, some states have either passed or are evaluating 'right-to-try' laws. These laws, which are proving somewhat divisive, allow patients with a terminal illness to access new treatments that have not received FDA approval.
Currently, the FDA recommends that patients who want to access experimental treatments should join a clinical trial because, if the trial is successful, the results can lead to formal approval, which ultimately increases the availability of treatments. If the patient is not eligible to enrol in a clinical trial or there are no trials available for the treatment in question, they can apply for 'expanded access' to the treatment2. This is the typical route for accessing experimental treatments and in fact – despite the debate and publicity around right-to-try – there are currently no recorded examples of a patient accessing treatment through a right-to-try law, according to the NYU School of Medicine.
Some researchers and regulatory professionals in the healthcare community argue that the move towards the use of 'right-to-try' laws should be a positive driver for improving patients' access to experimental treatments1. Regulatory bodies, doctors, patients and pharmaceutical companies should work together to achieve this goal, which could involve making improvements in the development of new treatments, the design of clinical trials and programmes that aim to increase access to experimental treatments, such as the FDA's expanded access programme already mentioned1.
However, there are significant ethical and legal issues around increasing access to treatments that have not yet been approved, and regulatory bodies will still need to play a vital role in ensuring patient safety. There are concerns that, by accessing experimental treatments at an early stage in development, patients could be exposed to significant side effects that would only be picked up at later stages during the development process1.
Some commentators believe that 'right-to-try' bills appeal to the Trump administration's preference for deregulation, and they express concerns that this could be the main driver behind their endorsement of these bills. It is understandable to see apprehensions when a debate over care for terminal patients may be partially driven by political ideology.
The debate over right-to-try laws in the US will likely continue, especially with a government that supports these laws and a healthy contingent of healthcare professionals who harbour concerns. However, whether right-to-try ultimately has a significant impact on how patients access experimental treatments remains to be seen, considering that no patients have used these bills to gain access to new drugs thus far. For those working in clinical trials, it will be very interesting to observe whether right-to-try laws impact healthcare research in the future.
 US Food and drug administration. Expanded Access (compassionate use) Available at: https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ExpandedAccessCompassionateUse/ Date accessed: May 2017.


After learning how to draw line using certain algorithms , we will proceed to the Circle Drawing algorithms , as it is a frequently used component in the pictures and graphs. Full circle or circular arcs is used in most graphic packages.
Let us first understand the properties of the circle.
We can use this equation to calculate the position of points by stepping along the x axis in unit steps from xc -r and xc +r.
Also, the problem is that it involves a considerable amount of calculation So, we can reduce this equation where it involves simple addition calculation for half semicircle.
The r and α are polar coordinates.


text:
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Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine
Victimology of alleged rape cases: A three year institution based cross-sectional study
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Author Details: Ambika Prasad Patra, Kusa Kumar Shaha, Anand P Rayamane, Sachidananda Mohanty
Article First Page : 203
Article End Page : 213
Aim of study: The demographics and characteristics of sexual assaultare changing. Hence, the aim of the study is to:
a. To describe victim, assault characteristics for women alleging rapeaccording to the type of penal sections egistered by the police.
b. To record the time between the last sexual assault and the examination, and to find out the reasons of delayed reporting of rape cases.
c. To provide descriptive data on the medico-legal findings.
d. And, to do a comparative review of the existing literatures.
Material and method: This study is based on 244 numbers of examined rape victims reported to the Department of Forensic Medicine& Toxicology during the period from January 2010 up to December 2013. Victims were referred from investigating police authorities for evidentiary examination. Study included all cases registered under Section 376 Indian penal code (punishment for rape) by the police, with or without sections of other offences e.g. gang rape, rape followed by murder, abduction and rape, sexual intercourse made deceivingly or by an impostor; and rest all types of medico-legal cases were excluded. The prospective data regarding victim's socio-demographic variables, detailed history of the alleged act, her relationship with the alleged accused person, date, time, place of occurrence of the crime,frequency of occurrence, reasons for delayed reporting, information regarding bathing, changing of clothing after the act, and use of any barrier methods by assailantswere collected fromthe rape victims, accompying family attendents, from the police, physical examination findings, laboratory investigation findings, and from any other available documents.
Results: Most commonly alleged charge was 'abduction and rape' (46%), and least reported ones were gang rape, rape and murder (1%), and only 'rape' alleged in 8% cases. About 89% of the alleging women were 11-30 years old, with a median of 23.7 years, and mean 25 years; 57% were unmarried, 40% were educated up to the junior college level, and 55% were above the poverty line. A majority of cases (75%) were from rural and semi-urban areas. In 97% cases, the alleging woman knew the alleged accused person. Most commonly, boyfriends, friends, or the acquaintances were the culprits (70%). The fatal forms of sexual assault like gang rape, rape and murder usually done by the unknown assailants. The crime in 82% cases had occurred in Indoors. Out of which 60% cases had allegedly occurred at either victim's home, or the alleged accused person's home or office. Majority (47%) of cases reported during winter season, and the least (16%) in rainy season. A majority (60%) of the cases reported after 7 days of the alleged incident. The latency of reporting of cases varied from 24 hours to 2.5 months with a median of 27 days. Physical force for sexual intercourse was used in 46% of cases, but physical injuries found in 2-3% of cases only (extra-genital injuries in 2% and genital injuries in 3% of cases). The risk factor for the detection of genital injury is the presence of extra-genital injury [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)]; and, the risk factors for the presence of genital injuries in the absence of extra-genital injuries are, age below 12 years (OR 3.3, 95% CI) and beyond 38 years (OR 1.2, 95% CI). In 2%, cases seminal stain and foreign pubic hairs retrieved from the body of the victim. The victim women had witnessed use of condom by the alleged offender in 18% of cases.
Conclusion: Though all age groups are prone for rape, unmarried women in their first three decades are more vulnerable. A known victim-offender relationship usually associated with the less physical or genital injuries, and less fatality. While evaluating rape cases possibility of false allegations of rape should not be ignored. Presence of physical or genital injuries is neither predictive nor essential for conviction. Medical examiners need to be circumspect while recording non-medical variables for a successful prosecution.
Keywords: Rape; Gang rape; Abduction; Sexual assault; Profile; Victims; Section 376 IPC; India
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
export interface ICacheClient {
    /**
     * Retrieve the value from the cache
     *
     * @param key string
     * @returns Promise<string>
     */
    get(key: string): Promise<string>

    /**
     * Save the required value using the provided key to cache
     *
     * @param key string
     * @param value string
     * @returns Promise<string>
     */
    set(key: string, value: string): Promise<string>
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A few weekends ago, James and I went to see Steve Martin & the Steep Canyon Rangers at the Winspear Opera House with Laura, Curtis, Korena, and Ian. I was so excited to see Steve Martin perform and, okay, I admit, I was hoping to hear some Father of the Bride-related anecdotes, too. I was also so happy to see another show at the Winspear, my favorite venue in Dallas. We've seen Bon Iver there (which was undoubtedly the best concert of all time – I just got emotional thinking about it) as well as a fun Modern Family panel and a theater performance of Peter & The Starcatcher. The acoustics are amazing and there is truly no bad seat in the house. Also, they serve cocktails in what I fondly refer to as adult sippy cups so you can enjoy your libations during the show, which I think is just brilliant.
I wasn't quite sure what to expect from Steve Martin & the Steep Canyon Rangers, even though I knew I would love the music, which is bluegrass. I was absolutely blown away by the group's musicianship from the moment they started playing. It was other-wordly. Edie Brickell joined the crew for several songs, and her voice is incredible, compounding the already gorgeous sound with her swoon-worthy vocals. Steve Martin had a stream of hilarious commentary that he peppered throughout the set, which kept the entire audience in stitches. The Steep Canyon Rangers are amazing in their own right (they won multiple Grammy Awards even before combining forces with Steve Martin) and they got to play some songs on their own, which were majestic. Their harmonies may or may not have brought a tear to my eye.
Just when I thought the whole experience couldn't get any more magical, Steve (we're on a first name basis now, he and I) casually mentioned that his friend, Paul, was going to come out and join them all for a few numbers. What he meant was that the legendary crooner (and Edie's husband!), PAUL SIMON, was entering the stage to blow our minds all over again. The collaboration was absolutely perfect, the cherry on top to an already unforgettable evening.
If Steve Martin & the Steep Canyon Rangers are ever in your neck of the woods, please buy a ticket to go see them – you will absolutely love the show. I would go see them again in a heartbeat. And you never know, Paul might even decide to show up, too.
I originally saw this recipe in a copy of Oprah Magazine and later tracked it down online when I found myself craving it. This treat is just so very good. Blueberries are some top contenders in my favorite fruit category, and they are in their prime right now, making them plump, juicy and flavorful. The sugar cookie topping is an unexpected and drool-worthy twist on the standard crisp topping variation, making it quite the shining star. Be sure to note that you'll need two+ hours to let the berries sit and soak before you top them with the sugar cookie dough. Also, let this cool a bit before digging in – I couldn't resist and started chowing down on my treat right when the crisp came out of the oven, but I must admit that the dessert tasted more flavorful and complex when I let it cool significantly, as the sugar cookie topping had soaked up some of the tasty blueberry juice. As you'd imagine, this crisp pairs perfectly with vanilla ice cream.
In a large bowl, combine berries, 1/2 cup of sugar, 1/2 teaspoon salt, lemon zest, lemon juice, and cinnamon. Stir, mashing slightly. Cover and refrigerator for about 2 hours.
Combine the flour, baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Set aside.
With the paddle attachment, beat the butter, remaining 1 cup of sugar, and brown sugar. Beat until light and fluffy; then scrape down the sides of the bowl and beat again.
Add the egg and vanilla and mix until combined. Stir in the dry ingredients and mix until combined. Wrap in plastic wrap and let rest until berries are ready (you can also make this ahead and keep it in the fridge).
Strain the berries and save the juice (if you don't have any juice, no worries – it is not crucial, just an added bonus). Boil the juice until it reduces by half. Put the berries in a 9×13 baking dish and pour the liquid over the strained berries.
Take the sugar cookie dough and flatten between palms to about 1/2 inch thick. Lay flattened balls of dough over the berries to almost cover. Sprinkle with a pinch of sugar.
Place dish on a baking sheet and bake for about an hour, or until the top is golden.
Even if you love your job (like I do) and even if you consciously attempt to express and practice gratitude at every chance you get (like I do), Mondays can still be shrouded with a cloud of gloom. Weekends are just so delicious, after all, making the Mondays that follow them a little hard to swallow.
My most favorite go-to restaurant as of late has been True Food Kitchen. I've gotten to dine there several times lately (including when Mom & Dad visited Dallas) and I keep finding gems on the menu, delicious treats like their fresh-squeezed Kale-Aid green juice, the vegetable crudités with tzatziki and black olive dips, the "inside-out" quinoa burger, and, most recently, the summer market salad made with greens, corn, almonds, cucumbers, avocado, goat cheese, blueberries, and tomato & herb vinaigrette (which I topped with a perfectly grilled piece of salmon). Dad and I sampled my favorite of their cocktails, the Thai grapefruit martini, which is a simple, delicious, and refreshing combination of vodka, Thai basil, and grapefruit juice. So tasty! All of the menu items are made with the diner's health in mind but taste is certainly not sacrificed in the process – I have yet to see something on the menu that doesn't appeal to me. And there really is something for everyone – Mom, a vegetarian, loved the quinoa burger and Dad, who was initially skeptical when we described the restaurant, raved about his bison burger after we finished our lunch. James hasn't tried True Food Kitchen yet but Mom & Dad generously gave us a gift card to the restaurant when they left – I can't wait for us to go there for a date night!
What a whirlwind of a week it's been. Due to the heart-wrenching Ebola outbreak in West Africa, our upcoming trip to Ghana has been cancelled. Touch A Life, in conjunction with our amazing Medical Advisory Board (comprised of five physicians and one pharmacist, all of whom are equipped with immense knowledge, wisdom, and international travel experience), has decided to cancel the trip for the protection of the children in our care and for the safety of our travelers. Though Ghana is currently not one of the affected areas, its proximity to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea prompted our staff and medical team to have concerns about volunteers traveling to the region. The Ebola virus has not spread to Ghana (so the children and staff at our Care Center are safe and healthy) but the Center for Disease Control recently placed Level 3 restrictions on the affected countries, asking travelers not to take any nonessential trips to those spots. After tons of prayer and deliberation, we agreed that it was unnecessary for our large team of volunteers to take this journey, less because we are worried about the disease itself (though we are still praying hard for those affected, as Ebola is very serious and scary) and more because we are concerned about the instability of the region and the high likelihood of travel delays, flight cancellations, and quarantines in the areas surrounding Ghana. You can learn more about Ebola and the impact of this outbreak, the largest recorded instance in history, from this excellent NPR podcast – this gave me so much additional context for exactly why this specific outbreak is threatening the stability of West Africa. Our thoughts and prayers go out to all of the people and communities who are fighting the spread of this disease, as well as to the brave medical personnel who are fighting alongside them.
"'A lot of people think of sleep as an inert state, like a laptop switching off,' says Jessica Payne, Ph.D., an associate professor of psychology and the director of the Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab at the University of Notre Dame, in Indiana. 'But during sleep, your mind and body are actually highly active with processes critical for your physical and mental health." In fact, your body even performs certain tasks more efficiently and thoroughly when you're at rest than when you're alert.
It keeps weight in check.
To those of you who think this topic is a little tired (badda bing), pick up a copy for yourself – this article is worth the read. And if you aren't crazy about it? At least maybe it will put you to sleep.


Identity theft: Is someone pretending to be you?
Recent tales of the loss of personal data in the US are worrying, says technology analyst Bill Thompson.
I have just signed up with Directgov, the Government gateway, so that I can pay my income tax and send in my VAT return electronically.
It is a big step forward for me, because up to now I have been suspicious of these services and worried that the server will crash just when I really need to use it.
But things seem a lot more stable now, and the systems have had time to bed down.
So while I may not buy my groceries online yet, I am gradually moving more and more of my day to day activities onto the net.
Of course life is far from perfect, and later today I will be phoning the helpline because I have forgotten my username, but I am sure this initial obstacle will be overcome.
I will be sharing rather a lot of extremely personal information with the site, which is hosted for the government by ITNET, and I hope they take good care of it.
Unfortunately there has recently been a rash of stories from the US about data theft, and it is rather disturbing.
The latest was earlier this week when HSBC bank revealed that it is writing to about 180,000 people who have its General Motors-branded MasterCard because transactions made with Polo Ralph Lauren could have been leaked.
They join the 320,000 people who had their names, addresses, driving license numbers and social security numbers stolen from databases held by the data broker Lexis Nexis.
And this follows the news from February that hackers had been able to access the vast database held by the ChoicePoint credit reference agency.
Information about 145,000 people was stolen and there have been at least 750 cases of identity theft as a result.
In a speech on Thursday President George Bush told the American Society of Newspaper Editors that he avoids using e-mail, fearing that because "everything is investigated in Washington" his personal e-mails would be made public.
He told the editors that "there has got to be a certain sense of privacy... I don't think you're entitled to be able to read my mail between my daughters and me".
Bush's concern for his family is touching, but of course he is simply worried that the legitimate disclosure of government business will extend to more personal information, not about unauthorised leaks of his e-mails to the twins.
Yet he should be concerned for all Americans, not just his family.
The rapid growth of "identity crime" in the US, where a thief collects enough personal data on someone to impersonate them and take out loans or credit cards in their name instead of actually stealing their wallet or purse, is extremely worrying.
We have strong data protection laws here in the UK and the rest of Europe, laws that US politicians and commentators frequently criticise as economically damaging.
But the real damage would seem to come from the lack of confidence that will be created as a result of this plethora of leaks, fraud and general sloppiness.
It is not just those who use e-commerce sites that are vulnerable: Choicepoint is not an online shop, it is a data collection agency.
Having watched the horse head off across the field, there are now moves to do something about the stable door.
In a rather touching indication that their faith in the free market remains undimmed, Californian senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced a bill that would require organisations that collect personal data to tell people when their information has been lost and stolen.
This implies that consumer choice will make a difference, but of course we do not get to choose which credit reference agencies hold our personal data.
We do not get to choose government agencies either, of course. If I was told that Directgov had lost my data I could not exactly change to another VAT supplier.
It is not even as if the market particularly cares. When Lexis Nexis revealed the massive loss of personal data shares in its parent company, Reed Elsevier, dropped in value by only one per cent.
Hardly a severe punishment by investors, who clearly see that taking good care of sensitive data is not really that much of an issue.
In the absence of any strong data protection laws, companies that have been careless with their clients' data and reputations will probably go unpunished, even by consumers.
This jars with the nine-year prison sentence recently handed down to Jeremy Jaynes, convicted in Virginia of sending vast amounts of spam e-mail through AOL's servers.
Jaynes' spam, which was estimated to bring in $750,000 a month at its peak from people gullible enough to buy fake medicines or sign up for get-rich-quick schemes, was certainly annoying.
Although of course we must remember that his crime was not sending unwanted commercial e-mail, which is permitted if not positively encouraged as a way of using the net for marketing purposes.
He broke the law by faking the return addresses on the messages he sent.
Nine years seems rather a harsh penalty for a crime that did not itself harm anyone.
Even if he had been convicted of fraud then it would be rather excessive, and Jaynes must wonder why sending e-mails is treated so seriously when leaking personal data - and giving identity criminals the opportunity to steal money and wreck people's credit ratings - is seen as a matter for the free market.


(a) Any disciplinary action, including a letter of reprimand or warning, shall be taken only for just and proper cause. Causes for disciplinary action include: gross misconduct; misrepresentation of credentials; persistent neglect of duty to students or to the University; failure to maintain an acceptable standard of competence and performance in duties appropriate to the appointment; malicious damage to University property. Causes for suspension include an immediate threat to the functioning of the University. Illness, including drug addiction, alcoholism and psychological disorders, are not causes for disciplinary action and shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of Clauses 30.05 to 30.07.
(b) Where disciplinary action, including suspension or dismissal, has been recommended pursuant to the procedures set out in the Sexual Harassment Policy approved by the Board on 16 March 1999, and the Statement on Prohibited Discrimination issued by the President on January 2001, the Member and the Association shall be given a copy of all relevant materials, including the decision(s) referred to in Clause 28.10, prior to the initiation of the procedures contained in this Article 28.
Procedure for Those Holding Appointments as Instructor or Professional Counsellor Members.
(a) Verbal warning. A Member shall be warned at a meeting of the Dean, the Chairperson and the Member in question. The Board may indicate what disciplinary remedy the Board intends to take. If agreement is reached as to the disposition of the matter, it shall be reduced to writing, countersigned by the Dean and the Member, and forwarded to the Association within five (5) days.
(b) Written warning. If the procedure of Clause 28.02(a) is not successful in resolving the problem, within thirty (30) days (unless the Board has initiated proceedings at this step) a written warning may be given by the Dean to the Member. A written warning shall include details of the cause of discipline and any proposed remedy, and a copy of the warning and proposed remedy shall be sent to the Association within five (5) days. If agreement is reached as to the disposition of the matter, it shall be reduced to writing, countersigned by the Dean and the Member, and forwarded to the Association within five (5) days.
(i) Suspension. If the matter is not resolved by the procedures of Clause 28.02(b), the Vice-President shall meet with the Member and the Chairperson. The Vice-President shall state the alleged violation(s) included in the written warning that remains unresolved, which may include the Member's failure to take remedial actions specified therein. No matter may be brought forth as reason for disciplinary action unless it has been previously stated in the written warning as provided in Clause 28.02(b). The Vice-President may then inform the Member of the Board's intention to suspend and the duration of the suspension. The suspension may not commence earlier than thirty (30) days from the date of the meeting.
(ii) If a grievance is not filed within thirty (30) days of the meeting, the suspension is deemed accepted and shall be without pay for a period of up to three (3) weeks.
(iii) If a grievance is filed, the Board may suspend the Member from some or all duties at Dalhousie University and the suspension shall be with pay. A letter to the Vice-President from the Member and/or the Association that denies the alleged violation(s) of this Collective Agreement and/or contests the remedy sought by the Board as inappropriate or unjust shall be deemed notification of filing a grievance pursuant to Clauses 29.05(a) and 29.07.
(d) Dismissal. If the procedures of Clause 28.02(c) have been carried out but the matter that was the subject of the provisions herein continues when the Member returns, within sixty (60) days of the Member's return to his or her duties and responsibilities at Dalhousie University, the Vice-President may give written notice to the Member of the Board's intention to dismiss, and a copy shall be forwarded to the Association. This written notice shall contain a complete statement of the grounds for dismissal, but no matter may be stated as grounds for dismissal unless it was included in the written warning pursuant to Clause 28.02(c). Within twenty (20) days of such notice having been given, the Member shall inform the Vice-President in writing of a decision either to accept dismissal or to oppose the dismissal through the grievance procedure in Article 29. Failure to inform the Vice-President within twenty (20) days shall be deemed to represent acceptance of dismissal.
28.03 Notwithstanding the procedures provided in Clause 28.02, the Vice-President may suspend a Member by written notice for stated cause involving extraordinary circumstances. Such circumstances include an immediate physical threat by the Member to any individual in Dalhousie University, or an immediate and serious threat to the functioning of Dalhousie University or the property of Dalhousie University. The suspensions may be from some or all duties at Dalhousie University and shall be with pay; however, some privileges may be withdrawn. Within twenty (20) days of the date of suspension, the Board shall notify the Member by registered mail, of what further action it intends to take, if any, with a copy to the Association. If no notice is received in the aforementioned twenty (20) day period, the suspension is deemed to terminate.
28.04 When disciplinary proceedings are dismissed, withdrawn or resolved without disciplinary action or remedy, no records of disciplinary proceedings that identify the Member concerned shall be kept. When a disciplinary action or remedy is upheld or agreed to, unless further disciplinary penalties are assessed within the period of eighteen (18) months following imposition of discipline, the record of such action, including but not limited to letters of reprimand and warnings, and anonymous complaints shall be removed from the Member's Principal Personal File (pursuant to Article 18).
28.05 The Vice-President, upon recommendation of the Dean, may suspend a Member for reasons of health if there is reason to believe that the Member's health is seriously interfering with his or her ability to carry out duties and responsibilities and if the Member refuses to accept reasonable arrangements for leave or variation of duties and responsibilities that may be proposed by the Dean. Suspension of this sort shall not lead to disciplinary proceedings; however, the Member may initiate grievance proceedings to question the Vice-President's decision of suspension. Suspension invoked in these circumstances will terminate when the Member presents medical evidence, including a certificate from an examining doctor named by the Member and acceptable to the Association-Board Committee, indicating that the Member is fit to resume duties and responsibilities. The Dean may vary such duties in light of the medical report and in consultation with the Member's Department.
28.06 Notwithstanding Clause 28.02, disciplinary action may be commenced at the succeeding step of Clause 28.02 if a Member has, within the preceding eighteen (18) months, been assessed a disciplinary penalty in accordance with this Article 28; for the purpose of this Clause 28.06, Clause 28.02(b) shall be the succeeding step to Clause 28.02(a). In such a circumstance, the Board may initiate the disciplinary action at the next step succeeding that where the last disciplinary action was terminated. The Member shall be advised in writing of all incidents and other alleged violations upon which the Board is relying in taking disciplinary action. Matters either not contained in the Board's aforementioned written statement or unrelated to the incidents and/or alleged violations referred to shall not be introduced in any step of the grievance procedure.
28.07 The onus shall be on the Board to establish just cause for any disciplinary action.
28.08 The Association shall have the right to be present at all steps, and, if so requested by the Member, to represent the Member at all steps. It is understood that the Member shall also be present at all steps.
Procedure for Members Holding Appointments Other Than as Instructor or Professional Counsellor Members.
28.09 When the Dean of the Faculty in which a Member holds an appointment, or a Vice-President if there is no appropriate Faculty, has reason to consider disciplinary action, he or she shall invite the Member concerned and any person the Member may wish to accompany him or her to meet and discuss the matter. The Dean or Vice-President concerned shall also invite the President of the Association or his or her designate to attend that meeting as an observer. If the matter is resolved to the satisfaction of the Dean or Vice-President and the Member, then, with the concurrence of the President of the Association, the formal procedures of this Article 28 need not be invoked.
28.10 If the matter is not resolved in accordance with Clause 28.09, then formal disciplinary procedures may be initiated and the responsibility for laying a complaint shall rest with the Dean of the Member's Faculty or Vice-President if there is no appropriate Faculty. The Dean or Vice-President laying the complaint shall advise the Member in writing of the complaint and that the matter is being referred to a Dalhousie University Hearing Committee. This letter to the Member shall give detailed particulars of the complaint, including references to times and places where appropriate, names of witnesses to be called and any sanction being sought.
The complaint shall be formally laid as soon as possible, but in no case later than three months after the alleged incident has come to the attention of the Dean or Vice-President. A copy of the letter to the Member shall be sent at the same time to the President of the Association.
Where the recommendation for disciplinary action arises from an investigation established pursuant to the procedures as set out in the Sexual Harassment Policy, the decision under section 40 of that Policy, which shall be conveyed in writing, shall be deemed the alleged incident referred to in this Clause 28.10 for purposes of establishing time limits. Where the recommendation for disciplinary action arises from an investigation established pursuant to the procedures as set out in the Statement on Prohibited Discrimination, the decision under paragraph 18 of that Statement, which shall be conveyed in writing, shall be deemed the alleged incident referred to in this Clause 28.10 for purposes of establishing time limits.
28.11 There shall be a Dalhousie University Hearing Committee composed of two members named by the Association, two members named by the President acting on behalf of the Board, and two Members elected by the Senate. Each of the members named shall serve for two years. Members' terms shall automatically extend to the conclusion of any case in which they have been concerned prior to the date fixed for their ordinary retirement, if the case continues beyond that time. The committee shall name its own chairperson and vice-chairperson and the chairperson or vice-chairperson shall designate any three members including himself or herself to serve as a Hearing Committee to consider any allegation of cause for disciplinary action from a Dean or Vice-President. The three members designated must include one from each of the three nominating parties.
28.12 Within seven days of the charge being laid the chairperson of the committee shall contact the Member and arrange for an initial meeting at a time convenient to the Member. That initial meeting shall take place as soon as possible but not later than one month from the date the charge was laid.
28.13 The Dalhousie University Hearing Committee shall conduct its proceedings in accordance with the rules of natural justice. It shall conduct hearings in camera unless the Member, the Dean or Vice-President concerned and the committee agree that hearings shall be open. The committee shall permit the Member and the Dean or Vice-President concerned to be assisted by a representative and shall permit the Association to be represented by an observer designated by the President of the Association. The committee shall keep a taped record of any hearings if requested by the Member, the Dean or Vice-President concerned, or the Association. This taped record shall be made available to any grievance and arbitration proceeding that may arise. The committee shall determine whether just and proper cause for disciplinary action does or does not exist. It shall make a recommendation whether disciplinary action or some other action such as voluntary leave is justified. It shall consider the charges and the evidence adduced to support the charges. It shall provide full opportunity for the Member concerned to adduce evidence, to cross-question and to present argument, including argument in rebuttal. The committee may seek and consider additional evidence that bears upon the charges. A Member's having used the grievance and arbitration procedures shall not be used as evidence against that Member.
28.14 The charges may be withdrawn by the Dean or Vice-President concerned and the hearing by the committee may be terminated at any time if a settlement satisfactory to the Member and the Dean or Vice-President concerned is reached. In any event, the committee shall report on its proceedings, giving written reasons for its decision and shall state its findings of fact relevant to the particulars of the charge in question and to any recommended disciplinary action. As soon as possible this report shall be presented to the President of the University and at the same time a copy of the report shall be sent to the Member, to the Dean or Vice-President concerned and to the President of the Association.
28.15 The President, upon reviewing any report of a Dalhousie University Hearing Committee which records the findings of fact and makes recommendations concerning disciplinary action, shall invite the Member concerned and any person the Member may wish to accompany him or her, the Dean or Vice-President concerned, and the President of the Association or his or her designate to meet to discuss the report of the Dalhousie University Hearing Committee. The Member concerned shall be given the opportunity to make an oral or written statement or representations within a reasonable period. The President may then decide to take no action or to invoke disciplinary action which shall not exceed in severity that recommended by the Dalhousie University Hearing Committee, and the President shall advise the Member concerned in writing of his or her decision as soon as possible, but in no case later than thirty days after the meeting with the Member as provided in this Clause 28.15 or alternatively within thirty days of receipt of representations, if any, from the Member following the meeting with the President. A copy of the letter to the Member from the President shall be sent to the Dean or Vice- President concerned and to the President of the Association.
28.16 When disciplinary proceedings are dismissed, withdrawn or resolved without disciplinary action, no records of disciplinary proceedings that identify the Member concerned shall be kept. Where there is a settlement of the matter (as specified in Clause 28.09) resulting in the Member's agreeing to accept disciplinary action, or where there is a report of a Dalhousie University Hearing Committee recommending disciplinary action and the disciplinary action is taken by the President, records of the proceedings may be maintained in a special file for the purpose. Letters of reprimand or warning shall be removed from the Member's Principal Personal File when no further penalties have been imposed on the Member for eighteen months from the date of the reprimand or warning. Any Committee of Hearing may rule that any extant letters of warning or reprimand, whether in the Member's Principal Personal File, or in a special file, are admissible to their considerations at the time of deciding on the sanction to be imposed on a Member found guilty of a charge.
28.17 If an accused Member cannot be found at any stage of the proceedings carried out pursuant to this Article 28, written statements shall be sent to the Member's last-known home address by registered mail. The President of the Association shall be sent a copy of these written statements at the same time and the President of the Association may appoint someone to represent the Member during his or her absence. The President of the Association shall also have the right to refer decisions made in accordance with this Article 28 to the grievance and arbitration procedures in Article 29, whether the accused Member has been found or not.
28.18 The President may suspend a Member by written notice for stated cause involving extraordinary circumstances. Such circumstances include an immediate physical threat by that Member to any individual in Dalhousie University or to the property of Dalhousie University, or an immediate and serious threat to the functioning of the University. The suspension may be from some or all duties in Dalhousie University and may withdraw some privileges except salary and benefits.
28.19 When the President has acted to suspend a Member, the President shall invite the Member concerned, any person the Member may wish to accompany him or her, the Dean or Vice-President concerned, and the President of the Association or his or her designate to meet and discuss the matter. If the matter is resolved to the satisfaction of the President and the Member, then with the concurrence of the President of the Association the matter shall be considered settled as agreed by the President and the Member.
28.20 If the matter is not resolved in accordance with Clause 28.19, the President shall advise in writing the Member and the President of the Association whether disciplinary proceedings are to be initiated. If they are not to be initiated by the President and the Member wishes to question the President's decision on suspension, the Member may initiate grievance proceedings. In any grievance proceedings the onus shall be on the President to establish cause for suspension.
28.21 In addition to the provisions of Clauses 28.18 to 28.20, the President may suspend a Member for reasons of health if there is good reason to believe that the Member's health is seriously interfering with his or her ability to carry out duties and responsibilities and if the Member refuses to accept reasonable arrangements for leave or variation in duties and responsibilities that may be proposed by the President. Suspension of this sort shall not lead to disciplinary proceedings. The Member may initiate grievance proceedings to question the President's decision of suspension. Suspension invoked in these circumstances will terminate when the Member presents medical evidence, including a certificate from an examining doctor named by the Member and acceptable to the Association-Board Committee, indicating that the Member is fit to resume duties and responsibilities. The Chief Librarian, Dean or Vice-President concerned may vary such duties in the light of the medical report and in consultation with the Department or other similar unit.
28.22 A Member holding an appointment with tenure or without term, or for a term not yet expired, may be dismissed for cause, including causes set out in Clause 28.01.
28.23 Dismissal for cause shall not be initiated unless such action is consistent with the recommendations of a University Hearing Committee, which has considered the matter and reported, in accordance with Clauses 28.14 and 28.15.
28.24 After receipt of the report of the University Hearing Committee in accordance with Clause 28.14, the President and the Member's Dean, Chairperson, Head, Director or Chief Librarian shall meet with the Member affected in the presence of a colleague in the University whom the Member may have selected as adviser and the President of the Association or his or her designate, shall explain the cause for the dismissal, shall review the matter and the President shall indicate whether a recommendation for termination of the Member's appointment will be made to the Board of Governors.
28.25 If the Member does not accept termination of his or her employment as proposed and discussed in the meeting with the President, and if the President determines that termination remains justified, the President shall within twenty-one days of the meeting serve written notice of intention to initiate procedures to dismiss the Member concerned. The notice shall include the reasons for the decision in sufficient detail to enable the Member to prepare his or her response.
28.26 Within thirty days of such notice having been given, the Member shall inform the President in writing of his or her decision either to accept termination or to oppose the proposed termination. Failure to inform the President within thirty days shall be deemed to represent acceptance of termination.


This Opticron eyepiece is the perfect companion to the Opticron MM4 GA60 ED Travelscope. Eyepieces are denoted according to their magnification, whether they are wide angle (WW or WA) or variable zoom eg. 20-60x. A 20x eyepiece allows the object being viewed to appear 1/20th of its actual distance away when compared to the naked eye. Using this rule an object 500m distant appears to be only 25m away. A 30x eyepiece makes the object appear 16.7m distant while a zoom eyepiece set at 60x means the same object appears to be just over 8m away.
Eyepieces are denoted according to their magnification, whether they are wide angle (WW or WA) or variable zoom eg. 20-60x. A 20x eyepiece allows the object being viewed to appear 1/20th of its actual distance away when compared to the naked eye. Using this rule an object 500m distant appears to be only 25m away. A 30x eyepiece makes the object appear 16.7m distant while a zoom eyepiece set at 60x means the same object appears to be just over 8m away.
What magnification? Terrestrial telescopes are most commonly used for high magnification viewing over long distances in daylight. Image quality at different magnifications will depend on the optical system, the quality of glass used and the coatings applied to the surfaces of each lens. There are however a few general rules that can be applied in determining the right specification for your needs. Firstly, the relationship between magnification, objective lens dia. and the size of the eye pupil, and secondly the quality of the optics inside the scope.
In normal daylight, when the pupil is dilated to between 2 and 3mm, a 66 mm telescope will deliver optimum performance, (the balance between magnification and image brightness) between 22x and 35x magnification i.e. when the exit pupil diameter equals that of the iris. In low light when the pupil becomes larger, dilating to between 5 and 7mm depending on age, optimum performance can only be obtained by using a lower magnification eyepiece or using a larger objective lens telescope such as an 80mm or 100mm. The higher the magnification, the greater the image and colour distortion. These effects can be dramatically reduced by using ED or Fluorite combination objective lenses that minimise chromatic aberration, but are expensive. At magnifications of 30x or lower, the benefits of these objective lenses are hardly noticeable when compared to conventional glass objectives.
Field of view is usually expressed as the width in metres of the image when viewing at a distance of 1000m and is directly related to the magnification. Generally the greater the magnification, the smaller the field of view. There are exceptions, namely wide-angle eyepieces which are designed specifically to provide greater fields of view. It is important to note that the objective lens, irrespective of diameter has no influence over the field of view.
Light transmission The best way to assess the actual brightness of any telescope and eyepiece combination when choosing for daytime terrestrial use, (assuming equal optical systems) is to calculate the exit pupil diameter in the same way as with a binocular and making a trade-off between image brightness and magnification desired. For general daytime terrestrial observations good compromise magnifications are between 20x and 30x for a 60mm, 25 to 35x for a 66mm and 25 to 40x for an 80mm.
Resolution As a general rule a good telescope should be able to resolve two black dots 1.5mm distance apart on a white surface, in bright daylight from a distance of 50m.
Eyerelief This is the distance between the eye lens and the point where the pupil is positioned for full field of view and varies from eyepiece to eyepiece. In some cases the eyerelief is shorter than that required by spectacle wearers to obtain the full field of view, especially at higher magnifications. If it is important that you obtain the full field of view with spectacles please choose any of the following eyepieces: SDL, HDF (all models), HR; 40812, 40930, 40931, 40932 and 40933, IS; 40916, 40918, 40919, HR.MM2 4090. Remember, rubber eyecups although fitted to many eyepieces are no guarantee that the full field of view is obtainable when set in the down' position and used with glasses.
Straight-through or 45 Degree angled Common advantages of an angled telescope are that: i) the back, shoulders and neck are in a more relaxed position when looking through the scope, ii) the tripod can be set at a lower position making it easier for people of different heights to use and the equipment more stable in outdoor conditions. Straight-through telescopes are easier to use when following fast moving objects, using the instrument from the confined spaces of a hide or vehicle, or when hand-held.


A somewhat variable evergreen shrub or small tree, up to 12m in the wild, with linear leaves to 6cm long in irregular rows with two pale bands beneath, separate male and female flowers and brown to purple drupe-like fruits to 2.5cm long. There are a number of garden forms. [RHSD, Hortus, HFSEA].
'The genus Cephalotaxus, as limited by Dr. Pilger in 1903 in the Pflanzenreich, includes six recent species inhabiting Eastern India, Burma, China and Japan. The form distinguished by Siebold and Zuccarini as C. pedunculata is considered by Pilger to be only a variety of C. drupacea, and wild specimens in the herbarium at Kew, which are intermediate in character between the two, appear to justify this conclusion. Cephalotaxus differs from the more nearly allied genera in having a pair of ovules on each scale, and Torreya nucifera, Sieb. and Zucc., the herbarium specimens of which are extremely like those of C. drupacea, may be most easily distinguished by its narrowly lanceolate leaves tapering more gradually towards the tip. The plant from which the figure now given has been prepared has long been in the collection at Kew. It is a spreading bush, now 10 ft. high and 15 ft. through, furnished to the ground with luxuriant dark green foliage. In its bolder leaves and larger fruits it provides an agreeable contrast with the common Yew, and is very well adapted for semi-shaded places in the garden or as part of the undergrowth in thin woodland. The fruits are not produced plentifully every year, but they usually occur in sufficient quantity to afford an adequate and convenient means of increase. Any good soil suits the species; the chief point to be kept in mind in its cultivation is that it loves abundant moisture.' [BM t.8285/1909].
Henry [Elwes & Henry, Trees Gt. Brit. Irel. 6: 1471 (1912)] is of the opinion that C. pedunculata is probably a hybrid between C. drupacea and C. Fortuni Hook. If this should be the case, the binary name of the hybrid would be C. Harringtonia and C. drupacea should be restored to specific rank. The remarks by Rothert (in Ber.Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 17: 279, foot-note) on the leaf anatomy of C. Fortuni do not seem to bear out the possibility of hybridity. Though it is to be regretted that the nomenclatural type of this species is a plant of doubtful origin, and apparently known only in cultivation, the fact that "Harringtonia" is the oldest specific epithet leaves no choice but to accept it under Cephalotaxus as the correct binomial.' [Journal of the Arnold Arboretum vol.22, p.569/1941].
Flora Japonica Siebold & Zuccarini t.132/1870. Introduced to Britain as Cephalotaxus pedunculata in 1837 and as Cephalotaxus drupacea in 1844 [JD].
In a letter to Loddiges' Nursery on 6th January 1845 Macarthur requested Taxus japonica [MP A2933-2, p.28]. I have found no further references and it may not have been grown in the gardens. See also Cryptomeria japonica D.Don.
Taxus japonica Lodd. ex Gord.
Cephalotaxus drupacea Siebold & Zucc.
Cephalotaxus drupacea var. harringtonii (K.Koch) Pilg.
Cephalotaxus drupacea var. pedunculata (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.
Cephalotaxus harringtonii (Knight ex Forbes) K.Koch var. drupacea (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.


text:
#ifndef THRIFT_ASYNC_TZLIBASYNCCHANNEL_H_
#define THRIFT_ASYNC_TZLIBASYNCCHANNEL_H_ 1

#include <thrift/lib/cpp/async/TAsyncEventChannel.h>
#include <thrift/lib/cpp/transport/TZlibTransport.h>

namespace apache { namespace thrift { namespace async {

class TZlibAsyncChannel : public TAsyncEventChannel {
 public:
  explicit TZlibAsyncChannel(
      const std::shared_ptr<TAsyncEventChannel>& channel);

  /**
   * Helper function to create a shared_ptr<TZlibAsyncChannel>.
   *
   * This passes in the correct destructor object, since TZlibAsyncChannel's
   * destructor is protected and cannot be invoked directly.
   */
  static std::shared_ptr<TZlibAsyncChannel> newChannel(
      const std::shared_ptr<TAsyncEventChannel>& channel) {
    return std::shared_ptr<TZlibAsyncChannel>(
        new TZlibAsyncChannel(channel), Destructor());
  }
  bool readable() const override { return channel_->readable(); }
  bool good() const override { return channel_->good(); }
  bool error() const override { return channel_->error(); }
  bool timedOut() const override { return channel_->timedOut(); }
  bool isIdle() const override { return channel_->isIdle(); }

  void sendMessage(const VoidCallback& cob,
                   const VoidCallback& errorCob,
                   transport::TMemoryBuffer* message) override;
  void recvMessage(const VoidCallback& cob,
                   const VoidCallback& errorCob,
                   transport::TMemoryBuffer* message) override;
  void sendAndRecvMessage(const VoidCallback& cob,
                          const VoidCallback& errorCob,
                          transport::TMemoryBuffer* sendBuf,
                          transport::TMemoryBuffer* recvBuf) override;

  std::shared_ptr<TAsyncTransport> getTransport() override {
    return channel_->getTransport();
  }

  void attachEventBase(TEventBase* eventBase) override {
    channel_->attachEventBase(eventBase);
  }
  void detachEventBase() override { channel_->detachEventBase(); }

  uint32_t getRecvTimeout() const override {
    return channel_->getRecvTimeout();
  }

  void setRecvTimeout(uint32_t milliseconds) override {
    channel_->setRecvTimeout(milliseconds);
  }

  void cancelCallbacks() override {
    sendRequest_.cancelCallbacks();
    recvRequest_.cancelCallbacks();
  }

 protected:
  /**
   * Protected destructor.
   *
   * Users of TZlibAsyncChannel must never delete it directly.  Instead,
   * invoke destroy().
   */
  ~TZlibAsyncChannel() override {}

 private:
  class SendRequest {
   public:
    SendRequest();

    bool isSet() const {
      return static_cast<bool>(callback_);
    }

    void set(const VoidCallback& callback,
             const VoidCallback& errorCallback,
             transport::TMemoryBuffer* message);

    void send(TAsyncEventChannel* channel);

    void cancelCallbacks() {
      callback_ = VoidCallback();
      errorCallback_ = VoidCallback();
    }

   private:
    void invokeCallback(VoidCallback callback);
    void sendSuccess();
    void sendError();

    std::shared_ptr<transport::TMemoryBuffer> compressedBuffer_;
    transport::TZlibTransport zlibTransport_;
    VoidCallback sendSuccess_;
    VoidCallback sendError_;

    VoidCallback callback_;
    VoidCallback errorCallback_;
  };

  class RecvRequest {
   public:
    RecvRequest();

    bool isSet() const {
      return static_cast<bool>(callback_);
    }

    void set(const VoidCallback& callback,
             const VoidCallback& errorCallback,
             transport::TMemoryBuffer* message);

    void recv(TAsyncEventChannel* channel);

    void cancelCallbacks() {
      callback_ = VoidCallback();
      errorCallback_ = VoidCallback();
    }

   private:
    void invokeCallback(VoidCallback callback);
    void recvSuccess();
    void recvError();

    std::shared_ptr<transport::TMemoryBuffer> compressedBuffer_;
    transport::TZlibTransport zlibTransport_;
    VoidCallback recvSuccess_;
    VoidCallback recvError_;

    VoidCallback callback_;
    VoidCallback errorCallback_;
    transport::TMemoryBuffer *callbackBuffer_;
  };

  std::shared_ptr<TAsyncEventChannel> channel_;

  // TODO: support multiple pending send requests
  SendRequest sendRequest_;
  RecvRequest recvRequest_;
};

}}} // apache::thrift::async

#endif // THRIFT_ASYNC_TZLIBASYNCCHANNEL_H_


text:
Q: Maximum call stack size exceeded error on converging series function I'm trying to get a specific converging series function worked out in JavaScript:
function cnvg(sum,marker){
  if((marker--||1000)>=0){
    return cnvg(sum=(sum||0) + 1/Math.pow(-3,marker)/(2*marker+1), marker)
  } else {
    return sum;
  }
}

I'm expecting cnvg() to come back with the equivalent of Math.PI/Math.sqrt(12) (see image attached below) but I keep getting a "Maximum call stack size exceeded" error. I thought it may be the number of iterations, so I dropped the 1000 reference to 100 then 10 and finally to 1, but I still seem to be receiving the error.

Theoretically, once marker has counted down to 0 and executes the last loop it should stop and return the value of sum, but this doesn't seem to be the case... Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong?
Thanks in advance.

A: marker is never assigned in cnvg(), resulting in an infinite recursion. Did you mean:
function cnvg(sum, marker) {
  marker = (typeof(marker) === 'undefined') ? 1000 : marker;
  if (marker-- >= 0) {
    return cnvg(sum=(sum||0) + 1/Math.pow(-3,marker)/(2*marker+1), marker)
  } else {
    return sum;
  }
}

but that's giving me 3 + Math.PI/Math.sqrt(12)... (3.9068996821171087)

marker-- performs subtraction after the check, resulting in an additional term with marker = -1. Use --marker or > 0, or more clearly:
marker = (typeof(marker) === 'undefined') ? 1000 : marker - 1;
if (marker >= 0) {
    // ...

A: default parameters
in ye olde times, we wrote default parameters like this
function add (x, y) {
  if (x === undefined) x = 0
  if (y === undefined) y = 0
  return x + y
}

now with ES2015 and later, we can write them like this
function add (x = 0, y = 0) {
  return x + y
}

keep things simple
the recursive procedure can be written simply as

const converge = (k = 0) =>
  k < 0
    ? 0
    : converge (k - 1) + (Math.pow (-3, -k) / (2 * k + 1))

console.log (converge (1000))          // 0.9068996821171091
console.log (Math.PI / Math.sqrt (12)) // 0.9068996821171089

of course, it helps readability if you abstract sigma first

const sigma = f => k =>
  k < 0
    ? 0
    : f (k) + sigma (f) (k - 1)

// hey, this looks just like the formula you posted
const converge =
  sigma (k => Math.pow (-3, -k) / (2 * k + 1))

console.log (converge (1000))          // 0.9068996821171091
console.log (Math.PI / Math.sqrt (12)) // 0.9068996821171089

stack safety
I would like to point out that the stack was never in danger over overflowing – it would take a k-value of around 10,000 to cause an overflow
console.log (converge (1e4)) // RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded

In this case, it doesn't matter, because even a tiny k-value of 10 already computes the sixth decimal place; a k-value of 100 computes 14 decimal places
But whatever the case, maybe you have some library that lets you compute decimals with more precision and you want to make converge stack safe...

const recur = (...args) =>
  ({ type: recur, args })

const loop = f =>
  {
    let acc = f ()
    while (acc && acc.type === recur)
      acc = f (...acc.args)
    return acc
  }

// now stack-safe
const sigma = f => n =>
  loop ((acc = 0, k = n) =>
    k < 0
      ? acc
      : recur (acc + f (k), k - 1))

const converge =
  sigma (k => Math.pow (-3, -k) / (2 * k + 1))

console.log (converge (1e4))           // 0.9068996821171089 << super precise !!
console.log (Math.PI / Math.sqrt (12)) // 0.9068996821171089

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How Many Moons Does Mars Have And Can I See Them With A Telescope?
Guides / By Andy Morgan
By the mid 17th century, telescopes had improved enough to make visible the seasonally growing and shrinking polar ice caps on Mars and features such as Syrtis Major, a dark patch thought to be a shallow sea - John Updike
It's a common astronomical misconception that every planet has at least one moon. While most of the planets in our solar system are orbited by smaller celestial bodies, neither Mercury nor Venus, the world's closest to the sun, have moons.
But they are the only planets in our solar system that don't have any moons, and while our moon is easily observable, the duo that orbits the fourth planet from the sun Mars, aren't so easy to see.
The Martian Twins - Phobos And Deimos
Discovered in August eighteen seventy-seven by the astronomer who also famously observed and noted the rotational pattern of Saturn, Asaph Hall, Phobos, and Deimos broke with the established astronomical tradition of being named after Roman deities and were instead named after the twins who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father Ares into battle.
Thought to be closer in composition to asteroids than planets, both of Mars' moons like our own are tidally locked, which means that much like our own moon neither Phobos nor Deimos rotates on their own axis and have always faced the same direction.
This has led to some scientists to believe that both were, at some point in the past caught in the gravitational field of Mars following a series of collisions in the asteroid belt.
Deimos, named after the Greek god of terror and dread, is the smaller of Mars' two moons and has a radius of just three point eight miles.
Orbiting Mars at a distance of fourteen thousand five hundred miles, it shares a similar density to a D-Type asteroid, meaning that it is largely composed of silicates and ice.
Even though it is largely covered in impact craters, only two of Deimos' geological and surface features have been named.
Voltaire and Swift were astronomically baptized to honor the writers who widely speculated that Mars had moons, a belief that was partially responsible for leading Asap Hall to search the Martian sky for any possible moons.
Unlike traditional moons, Deimos is not spherical, which was one of the factors that helped to fuel the speculative theory that it originated as an asteroid that was spent spiraling into the orbit of Mars following a period of instability and collisions within the asteroid belt.
While Deimos has been photographed by spacecraft sent to Mars by both NASA and the Russian space programs, no landings have been attempted on the surface of Mars' smallest moon.
Named after Deimos twin, the Greek god of panic and fear, Phobos is the innermost of Mars moons and orbits the planet at a distance of three thousand seven hundred miles and is closer to its main planetary body than any other known moon in the Solar System.
Seven times bigger than its smaller twin Deimos, Phobos has a mean radius of just eleven kilometers.
Because it is so close to Mars, Phobos orbits its planet much more quickly than the Red Planet rotates and orbits Mars every seven and a half hours.
The photographs that have previously been taken of Phobos by spacecraft sent to Mars have led scientists to speculate that the moon while resembling a C-Type asteroid in composition (mainly carbon, minerals, and other debris), is actually a rubble pile that is held together by a thin crust.
Phobos has a decaying orbit that gradually pulls it closer and closer to the surface of Mars by two meters every century and it is expected to either collide with Mars or break up and form a planetary ring in around thirty million years.
Unlike its twin Deimos, most of the surface features on Phobos have been charted and were named after the astronomers who discovered them or characters from Gulliver's Travels.
Phobos is largely defined by an impact crater called Stickney which is nine kilometers in diameter and makes up most of the surface area of the moon.
Many astronomers have theorized that the impact that led to Stickney's formation almost destroyed Phobos and was directly responsible for its incredibly close orbit to its parent planet.
Observing Phobos And Deimos
Astrologically speaking both of Mars's moons are incredibly small which makes it difficult, but not impossible, to see them.
As both moons are closer in composition to C and D-Type Asteroids, they have low albedos (meaning that they absorb almost all of the incoming solar radiation that hits them and only reflect around a tenth of it back into space) which means that celestially speaking, they're dark.
Their size and stygian appearance are an astronomical nightmare, and it's this less than perfect pairing that makes them so hard to observe.
How To See The Martian Moons
As we've already mentioned, difficult isn't impossible and if you want to see the Martian moons, the best opportunity that you'll have to do so is during a planetary opposition.
This is the point at which Mars is closest to Earth, and the closer that Mars is to Earth, the closer its moons are to us, and the closer they are, the easier they are to see.
Every object in the night sky has magnitude, which is a measurement of how bright and easy to see they are. Phobos, even though it has a larger mass than Deimos, has a magnitude of eleven point seven, while the smaller of the two moons has a magnitude of twelve point eight.
This means that even though Phobos is bigger than Deimos, it's more difficult to see in the night sky. Size isn't the issue when you're trying to see Mars' moons, the proximity to the Red Planet and the speed at which the moons orbit the planet are all that matter.
As Phobos is far closer to the surface to Mars than Deimos is and its orbit carries it across the Martian sky once every seven hours, it's harder to track and see than Deimos, which while smaller than its twin, orbits much more slowly, completing a single rotation in around thirty hours and at a distance of twelve thousand four hundred and seventy miles, and is much further away from the Martian surface.
The best way to see either of the moons is with a sufficiently powerful telescope, which should ideally have at least a six-inch aperture and have been purposely designed for planetary observation.
And, as we mentioned earlier, the best time to train your telescope on Mars to see either Phobos or Deimos is the opposition between Mars and Earth.
The next opposition is due to happen in December two thousand and twenty-two, at which point Mars will only be thirty-eight and a half million miles from Earth.
Having said that, even at that distance, both Phobos and Deimos will barely be bigger than dark spots moving across the Martian sky, but at least you'll be able to see them.
Some Additional Moon Based Pointers
We've already mentioned that the most likely time to spot Phobos and Deimos is during an opposition, but there are some additional pointers that can aid you on your quest to see both.
The position of the moons is everything, and the best chance that you'll have to see them is when either are in their Easter and Western elongations, which is when they're at their furthest from Mars.
Finding out when that will be has never been easier thanks to free software like Stellarium which has been designed to recreate a planetarium on your home computer and will tell you the times and dates, during the opposition, when both moons are in the optimal position for you to train your telescope on them.
You can also increase your chances of seeing either, or both, Phobos or Deimos by fitting an occulting bar (which will occlude Mars from the lens of your telescope) to your telescope and by using a blue filter which will reduce the planetary glare from Mars and make it far easier to see its moons.
So while it might be difficult to observe Phobos and Deimos, it's far from impossible. It just takes a little patience and know-how, both of which will be rewarded when the Red Planets' moons swing into view.
This website has been my passion project for some years. The idea was to bring together people who have looked to the sky and wondered.
This space is a place where we can learn together and share knowledge. The hope is that it will inspire and guide others on their journey through the galaxy. The same way my dad inspired and guided me on the evenings we spent huddled around a telescope together.
Latest posts by Andy Morgan (see all)
What Does a Radio Telescope Do? - January 30, 2023
How Do Astronomers Use Radio Waves? - January 30, 2023
Best Telescopes of 22 ' 16 Models Reviewed for New or Upgrading Stargazers - February 2, 2021
How Far Away is Venus?
What Planets are Visible Tonight? The Indispensable Astronomer's Guide to Finding and Seeing the Planets
How Far Away Is Mars?
How To See Mars Through A Telescope
How Far Away Is Saturn And How Long Does It Take To Get There?
Copyright © 2023 Radio Astronomy | Amazon Associates Program. Radio Astronomy is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates.


I am so glad we went to Joshua Tree while visiting LA/Anaheim. At first we weren't sure, because the drive was a bit far, but even 5 minutes into our visit, I would have said that the drive was completely worth it. Because, with the mountain scenery along the way, the drive is actually really awesome. We were pretty tired during our stay in California, and after 14 hours in the Disney parks the day before, I thought I'd nap in the car on the way, but I couldn't, because looking out the windows was too much fun.
We then went to the trail that leads to Barker's Dam, where we got to see a pool of water in the desert! And read a bit about the history of who created the dam. This was another short trail. We eventually decided that the theme of this day was all about short trails--we stopped lots of times, but didn't do any major hikes, just one mile trails.
After that, we went up to the Keys Lookout Point to check out the view--which was well worth checking out!
We then went in search of Arch Rock--we'd learned it was at the White Tanks campground stop, but Arch Rock itself isn't noted on the park map--the ranger at the gate said it was because there's not much day parking available so they don't want to encourage too many people stopping by who aren't staying in the campground. We did get a spot in the very small parking area, and began wandering in search of the Arch. It actually took us a while to find the right direction, because the campground was rather deserted--we eventually figured out which way to go by watching other people who were coming back from their visit to Arch Rock. When we got there, the area was completely deserted. Sitting under the Arch, I could just imagine how amazing it might be to camp there, and wake up early in the morning to sit under the Arch and read the Bible as morning turned into day. It was such a peaceful place--all I could hear was the wind...and Angel's comments as he climbed on the surrounding rocks.
We then drove down to the Cholla Cactus Garden, where I walked very cautiously because I did not want to tempt the "jumping cactus." I also learned that cholla is pronounced choy-ya. Important info.
We got distracted by a red cactus that Angel spotted from the car and had to go in search of. In the video you can see how far we walked just to go look at a red cactus. Granted...most cacti are not red, at least, as far as I can tell from my first foray into the desert.
Our last stop in the park was Jumbo Rocks Campground...where the rocks were certainly worthy of their name! This was where we did the most rock climbing.
Here's some video from our day in Joshua Tree National Park. It was so fun--I think this is only the 2nd national park that we've been to together--how cool to experience the natural beauty of our country in this way! At the beginning, it's more scenic and "artistic" with weird music, but towards the end of the video I get rid of the music and you get to see us being our awkward selves and attempting some "shortcuts" that involve a bit of rock climbing.
Have you been to Joshua Tree? Are you putting it on your to-do list now?
Wow! Great photos. I love all National Parks, but I haven't been to Joshua Tree. It's on my bucket list.
WOW! What an amazing place!! Definitely need to add this to our must-see locations. That arch is so cool!
Next time I'm in that area I'm going to make an effort to hike some of this park. It looked amazing!
Jumping cactus? What even is the desert? So weird.


A cholera outbreak in war-ravaged Yemen has killed nearly 800 people and infected more than 100,000 others in just over a month, the World Health Organization said Thursday.
The UN health agency said that since the end of April, 101,820 suspected cholera cases had been registered across 19 of the country's 21 governorates, including 789 deaths.
Yemen has been since March 2015 under a brutal aggression by Saudi-led coalition. Thousands of Yemenis have been injured and martyred in Saudi-led strikes, with the vast majority of them are civilians.
The coalition has been also imposing a blockade on the impoverished country's ports and airports as a part of his aggression which is aimed at restoring power to fugitive former president Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.
However, the revolutionary forces of Ansarullah and the popular committees have been heroically confronting the aggression with all means.


text:
Patient Care & Health Information
Sectionsfor Prostate cancer
Doctors & departments
Departments and specialties
Mayo Clinic has one of the largest and most experienced practices in the United States, with campuses in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota. Staff skilled in dozens of specialties work together to ensure quality care and successful recovery.
Departments that treat this condition
Nuclear Medicine Therapy
Oncology (Medical)
Proton Beam Therapy Program
Areas that research this condition
Department of Urology-Research
Radiology Research
Doctors who treat this condition
Phoenix/Scottsdale, AZ
Find a doctor whose last name begins with the letter E E
active Find a doctor whose last name begins with the letter S S
Last Name Initial: S
Steven E. Schild, M.D.
Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer, Lung cancer
Paras H. Shah, M.D.
Laparoscopic surgery, Prostatectomy, Robotic surgery, Nephrectomy, Urinary diversion, Partial nephrectomy, Bladder remo...val, Laparoscopic kidney surgery, Robotic prostatectomy, Prostate cancer, Kidney cancer, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Ureteral cancer, Bladder cancer
Show more areas of focus for Paras H. Shah, M.D.
Parminder Singh, M.D.
Testicular cancer, Prostate cancer, Kidney cancer, Melanoma, Bladder cancer
Bradley (Brad) J. Stish, M.D.
Brachytherapy, Lymphoma, Testicular cancer, Prostate cancer, Bladder cancer
Mayo surgeons explain all prostate cancer options
Mayo Clinic doctors and scientists are leaders in prostate cancer research. Areas of focus include innovating diagnostic techniques, discovering and perfecting treatment options, understanding ways to improve quality of life, and analyzing long-term follow-up data.
For decades, Mayo Clinic has been compiling a database of men who have had surgery for prostate cancer. Researchers use this information to monitor outcomes, search for trends, determine effective treatment and ensure overall quality of care.
Prostate cancer research is conducted in coordination with the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center receives funding from the National Cancer Institute and is designated as a comprehensive cancer center — recognition for an institution's scientific excellence and multidisciplinary resources focused on cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
See a list of publications about prostate cancer by Mayo Clinic doctors on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.
View all physicians • Florida
Prostate cancer care at Mayo Clinic
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Share on: FacebookTwitter
Digital rectal exam
Flaxseed: Does it affect risk of prostate cancer?
Frequent sex: Does it protect against prostate cancer?
Infographic: Prostate Cancer: Choline c-11
Pomegranate juice: A cure for prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer brachytherapy: Can I pass radiation to others?
Prostate cancer metastasis: Where does prostate cancer spread?
Prostate cancer stages
Prostate cancer treatment: Does initial treatment preclude others later?
Prostate cancer: Does PSA level affect prognosis?
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Vasectomy: Does it increase my risk of prostate cancer?
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Mayo Clinic Radio podcast: 12/19/20 Dec. 19, 2020, 03:49 p.m. CDT
Should men be concerned about prostate cancer? Nov. 17, 2020, 02:00 p.m. CDT
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Mayo Clinic Q and A: Advances in ablation for prostate cancer Oct. 01, 2020, 02:30 p.m. CDT
Mayo Clinic Minute: New prostate biopsy technique reduces infection risk Oct. 17, 2019, 07:00 a.m. CDT
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Research: It's All About Patients


text:
Q: Social networking sites make people be more truthful about their lives As far as I know, we have the following patterns with the verb make:

*

*Make somebody do something (make somebody feel happy)

*Make somebody/something + adj (make somebody happy)
Now, I can't figure out why the following sentences are correct as well.

Social networking sites make people be more truthful about their lives.**

I think the following is correct but the above one wrong:

Social networking sites make people more truthful about their lives.

Am I right? Or are both sentences correct, and why?

A: Neither is correct because the verb make is too strong for your use here:
If you are made to do something, you do it. You have no option to do otherwise.
This is not the effect that social media has on people regarding if they are truthful or not.
In terms of modifying your sample sentences, you might use the following which would make more sense:

"Social networking sites encourage people to be more truthful about
  their lives."

This statement is still expressing an opinion and open to interpretation, but in terms of your intended meaning works well enough.

A: Both are grammatically correct. The version with "make people be" is slightly more awkward.


American Express is offering a promotion to a random selection of cardmembers likely to make up for losing American Airlines and United Airlines as transfer partners.
For flights that have award space on these two airlines, members can call the number and spend the equivalent number of Membership Rewards points, and Amex will BUY the ticket for you.
For example, if there is availability for a one-way United flight on First Class between LAX and LHR for 25,000 MileagePlus miles, you can spend 25,000 Membership Rewards points and Amex will purchase the ticket for you! If the ticket was $4500, then it would have cost 450,000 Membership Rewards points to purchase if you did the standard "purchase flight using points".
The benefit to this is that you will still get elite-qualifying points and miles, where you would not have if you had just transferred into miles and done an award redemption! In that regard, you can double-dip!


text:
import unittest2

from lldbsuite.test.decorators import *
from lldbsuite.test.concurrent_base import ConcurrentEventsBase
from lldbsuite.test.lldbtest import TestBase

@skipIfWindows
class ConcurrentCrashWithBreak(ConcurrentEventsBase):

    mydir = ConcurrentEventsBase.compute_mydir(__file__)

    @skipIfFreeBSD  # timing out on buildbot
    # Atomic sequences are not supported yet for MIPS in LLDB.
    @skipIf(triple='^mips')
    def test(self):
        """ Test a thread that crashes while another thread hits a breakpoint."""
        self.build(dictionary=self.getBuildFlags())
        self.do_thread_actions(num_crash_threads=1, num_breakpoint_threads=1)


According to a new survey, conducted by travel service OutOfOffice.com and Attitude Magazine, 61% of LGBT individuals would not travel to a destination where homosexuality is illegal.
The survey revealed that amongst the group of people surveyed, New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Miami and Thailand were the most visited destinations, while Paris, Barcelona and Amsterdam were the most popular cities that respondents have expressed they would like to visit in the next 12 months.
Homosexuality currently remains illegal in over 70 countries worldwide, where LGBTs are also disadvantaged in terms of employment, marriage and adoptions rights.
Check the World Gay Happiness Index here.
First UCC SL (@FirstUCC_SL) liked this post, thanks!


text:
I'd like to connect a [DT/DataTable](https://rstudio.github.io/DT/) to a css file in two ways:

1. how can this be accomplished with [classes](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/sel_class.asp)?
2. how can this be accomplished with [ids](https://www.w3schools.com/CSSref/sel_id.asp)?

I'm adapting the styles of [Knitr style table with CSS](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24254552/knitr-style-table-with-css).  This is my best guess.  The `stripe` and other [built-in classes](https://datatables.net/manual/styling/classes) work, but not the ones I've defined below in flat-table.css.

**Rmd file**

    ---
    title: "dt-css"
    output:
      html_document:
        # theme: NULL
        css: flat-table.css
    ---

    ```{r setup, include=FALSE}
    knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
    ```

    ```{r echo=FALSE}
    library(magrittr)
    ds <- mtcars %>%
      dplyr::select(mpg, cyl, disp) %>%
      head()

    DT::datatable(
      data        = ds,
      class       = "flat-table-class"
      # class       = "flat-table stripe",
      # extensions  = 'Responsive'
    )

    DT::datatable(
      data        = ds,
      elementId   = "flat-table-id"
    )
    ```

**flat-table.css**

    .flat-table-class {
      display: block;
      font-family: sans-serif;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
      font-size: 115%;
      overflow: auto;
      width: auto;
    }

    #flat-table-id {
      display: block;
      font-family: sans-serif;
      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
      font-size: 115%;
      overflow: auto;
      width: auto;
    }

    th {
      background-color: rgb(112, 196, 105);
      color: white;
      font-weight: normal;
      padding: 20px 30px;
      text-align: center;
    }
    td {
      background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);
      color: rgb(111, 111, 111);
      padding: 20px 30px;
    }


text:
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At Hurwitz & Bluth, our team of expert personal injury lawyers have years of experience helping injury victims get compensation for their suffering. Our personal injury attorneys have the training, knowledge, and experience to help victims receive compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and russian women physical and emotional losses.
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text:
NJ yeshiva teacher's victim: Speak up
Yosef Kolko, 39, sentenced to nearly 13 years for aggravated sexual assault of 12-year-old New Jersey boy. Victim, whose family was shunned by their Orthodox Jewish community after he reported abuse, urges others to come forward
Associated Press|Published: 10.20.13 , 07:54
A New Jersey boy whose family was shunned by their Orthodox Jewish community after he went to authorities to report being sexually abused by a teacher urged other victims of sex abuse to speak out and get help from prosecutors.
Testimony from the 16-year-old boy, who was 12 when the abuse occurred, helped put his abuser in prison. Yosef Kolko, 39, was sentenced late Thursday to nearly 13 years after a judge refused to let him take back a guilty plea to aggravated sexual assault he had made in May.
Adding Insult to Injury
Sex abuse victim driven out of shul
Orthodox Jewish teen from Satmar community, whose testimony helped convict prominent Brooklyn counselor, shamed by worshippers as she arrives at synagogue on Rosh Hashana. 'They stopped the praying until she left,' her husband says
The Associated Press generally does not identify the victims of sexual abuse. Speaking just before Kolko was sentenced, the boy urged others who are being sexually abused to come forward and speak out.
"I strongly urge you to go to the authorities and share your story," he said. "I can't say it will be easy."
But, he added, "Victims are getting stronger every day."
Prosecutors said the family of the boy was ostracized by the community for pursuing the case in state court instead of letting religious leaders deal with it. The boy's father, a prominent rabbi, lost his job and the family moved to Michigan.
The victim's father had initially wanted the case handled within the Orthodox community, asking a senior rabbi to help ensure Kolko stay away from children and go to therapy. In mid-2009, the father decided to take the case to authorities because he felt it was not being handled appropriately — Kolko was still teaching and planning to work at the summer camp where he had met the boy.
'You will be exposed'
"My message to those monsters out there who are abusing: You will be exposed, you will be put behind bars, and you will go through hell on Earth," the boy said. "Molesting may seem harmless to you, but the reality is that it kills people with every touch."
Then he addressed Kolko directly.
"How can you ignore the tears and open wounds when you knew how much you hurt me?" he asked. "It's ego and stubbornness that got you here, not me."
Kolko tried to withdraw his guilty plea, claiming in court papers that members of the Lakewood community carried out an unrelenting campaign to get him to plead guilty and avoid bringing negative publicity on the community. He claims they showed him YouTube videos "of how inmates kill people in jail for being molesters in order to pressure me into taking a plea and avoiding trial."
"If not for the extreme pressure by members of my community, I would not have pled guilty as charged," he wrote. "I reject plea bargains offered by the state because I am innocent of the crimes alleged."
Shabsi Kolko testified Thursday that his brother Yosef signed a piece of paper moments before pleading guilty that read, "All that I plead to is under duress, and to save my life."
But the prosecutor ridiculed the fact that Kolko's family apparently held onto the letter for months instead of bringing it immediately into court to try to prevent his plea from being accepted.
When he pleaded guilty, Kolko admitted performing oral sex on the boy and attempting to have anal intercourse with him.
Kolko, who had repeatedly called out during the nearly 10-hour court session when he disagreed with something that was said, declined to speak on his own behalf before being sentenced.


Blogville is one of the best things I've ever seen a tourist board do!
I am flying out to Bologna later this week to be a part of #blogville and am stupidly excited! Whilst I have travelled a lot in the North of Italy this is a region I actually know nothing about, apart from the Ferrari factory!
Whilst quite new to the scene, I only started this travel blog and travel photography blog just over a year ago, I have noticed an explosion of tourist boards and companies taking note of what travel bloggers can offer the travel industry.
This summer the tourist board of Emilia Romagna has created a project called #blogville. They have organised accommodation and apartments in Bologna and Rimini which are free for passing bloggers to stay in helping them experience everything the region has to offer.
Press, Fam and educational trips have been organised by tourist boards for years but this is something completely different and is focused only on bloggers rather than travel industry staff or journalists. Trips like these usually have set itineraries that are packed each day but apart from a weekly organised trip I am going to be free to do what I fancy during the rest of my stay.
I have deliberately not done any research on Bologna or the Emilia Romanga region as I want my posts to come from a strangers eyes. So look out for some future blogville posts about what I get up too.
Also check out #blogville on twitter for other bloggers updates.
I can't wait to travel on-line with you on this journey! I completely agree — doing research beforehand taints one's impression of the place. I LOVE that attitude.
Travelling is full of fun and learning's, I can wait to spot with your next update… Good luck!
Thanks Jennifer, and yes I agree 'Travel' is the best class you will ever attend and the subject you will definitely learn the most from!


Synchronic was asked to re-compose the song "Crier Tout Bas" by French Canadian artists Cœur de Pirate for the chic new thriller directed by Paul Feig. Replacing the original instrumentation and bringing a solemn cinematic re-imagining of this great song ushers viewers into a world of classy revenge and intrigue.
© 2019 SYNCHRONIC All Rights Reserved.


When it's hot (super hot), the only way to cool the day is to enjoy one of Hawai'i's favorite local treats: Shave Ice. There are dozens of flavors to choose from, and kids will have fun naming all of them!
It's the perfect read-aloud book that reads like a shave ice rap listing a variety of flavors like pineapple, coconut, liliko'i, too, watermelon, li hing mui, grape, honeydew.