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Rhyticeros  è un genere della famiglia dei Bucerotidi con rappresentanti originari del Sud-est asiatico.

Come tutti i buceri, le specie appartenenti al genere Rhyticeros nidificano nelle cavità degli alberi: la femmina trascorre diverse settimane all'interno del nido, il cui ingresso è chiuso quasi interamente da una parete; attraverso una piccola fessura il maschio nutre la femmina e, successivamente, i nidiacei.

Delle sei specie assegnate al genere, quattro, i buceri ondulato, di Sumba, birmano e caruncolato, sono considerate «vulnerabili», e una, il bucero di Narcondam, è considerata «in pericolo».

Descrizione
Sono buceri di dimensioni medie o grandi, la cui lunghezza del corpo varia da 45 centimetri (bucero di Narcondam) a 85 centimetri (bucero ondulato). Cinque di queste specie non hanno un casco vero e proprio sul becco, ma solo una sorta di rigonfiamento in prossimità della sua base, ricoperta da una serie di solchi o scanalature trasversali. La pelle nuda sulla gola e sulla faccia è vivacemente colorata. La colorazione del piumaggio è diversa a seconda dei sessi, la coda è bianca in quattro delle specie. Solo il bucero di Sumba ha una coda nera.

Come gli altri buceri, tutte le specie del genere Rhyticeros nidificano nelle cavità degli alberi.

Distribuzione e habitat

Le specie del genere Rhyticeros sono tutte originarie del Sud-est asiatico. Due di esse, il bucero di Narcondam e quello di Sumba, sono endemismi propri di isole relativamente piccole. Entrambe le specie sono considerate minacciate a causa dei cambiamenti ambientali che ha subito il manto forestale originario. Il bucero di Blyth, al contrario, è presente su diverse isole dell'Indonesia e non è considerato in pericolo. L'areale del bucero birmano non è conosciuto con esattezza, data la sua somiglianza con il bucero ondulato. Le vecchie informazioni secondo cui la specie sarebbe presente anche nell'estremità orientale dell'India e a Sumatra sono ora considerate errate. Al contrario, la sua presenza è confermata con ogni certezza nel sud-est della Birmania, nell'ovest, nel sud-ovest e nell'estremità meridionale della Thailandia e nel nord della penisola malese. Entrambe le specie, comunque, vengono considerate «vulnerabili».

Tassonomia

Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:

 Rhyticeros plicatus () - bucero di Blyth;
 Rhyticeros narcondami  - bucero di Narcondam;
 Rhyticeros undulatus () - bucero ondulato;
 Rhyticeros everetti  - bucero di Sumba;
 Rhyticeros subruficollis () - bucero birmano;
 Rhyticeros cassidix () - bucero caruncolato.

Rapporti con l'uomo
Almeno nella prima metà del XX secolo è stato riferito che le popolazioni indigene presenti nel suo areale tenevano il bucero ondulato come animale domestico. Per fare questo, i buceri dovevano essere catturati in giovane età; gli esemplari adulti, una volta catturati e messi in cattività, infatti, possono essere molto aggressivi nei confronti del proprietario. Negli anni '20, nello stato indiano dell'Assam, i buceri ondulati venivano uccisi e usati per produrre farmaci tradizionali.

L'epiteto specifico everetti del bucero di Sumba commemora Alfred Hart Everett (1848-1898), un funzionario e amministratore britannico nel Borneo che divenne celebre come ornitologo, naturalista e raccoglitore di esemplari zoologici.

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Bucerotidae
Taxa classificati da Ludwig Reichenbach


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Federal Prosecutors Want Up to $1.2 Billion Returned for Rothstein Victims
Ordered to tell a judge by Monday whether federal prosecutors would seek up to $1.2 billion stolen by convicted Ponzi schemer Scott Rothstein, the federal government said: Yes, we want it. In a motion for a preliminary order of forfeiture, prosecutors say they plan to seek as much of Rothstein's assets as possible. The judge had ordered the government to make its intentions clear and criticized prosecutors for waiting so long, vowing to write a motion for the government himself if one was not filed by his deadline.
By Julie Kay | April 21, 2010 at 12:00 AM
Ordered to tell a judge by Monday whether federal prosecutors would seek up to $1.2 billion stolen by convicted Ponzi schemer Scott Rothstein, the federal government said: Yes, we want it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Using a private WSDL file I created a set of classes using wsimport, folloing this other guide.
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static HelloService service;

Running the test application, service is null. What I am doing wrong?
Thanks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Pregnant Indigenous women suffer a disproportionate burden of risk and adverse outcomes relative to non-Indigenous women. Although there has been a call for improved prenatal care, examples are scarce. Therefore, we explored the characteristics of effective care with First Nations women from the perspective of prenatal healthcare providers (HCPs).
We conducted an ethnographic community-based participatory research study in collaboration with a large Cree First Nations community in Alberta, Canada. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 12 prenatal healthcare providers (HCPs) that were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to qualitative content analysis.
According to the participants, relationships and trust, cultural understanding, and context-specific care were key features of effective prenatal care and challenge the typical healthcare model. HCPs that are able to foster sincere, non-judgmental, and enjoyable interactions with patients may be more effective in treating pregnant First Nations women, and better able to express empathy and understanding. Ongoing HCP cultural understanding specific to the community served is crucial to trusting relationships, and arises from real experiences and learning from patients over and above relying only on formal cultural sensitivity training. Consequently, HCPs report being better able to adapt a more flexible, all-inclusive, and accessible approach that meets specific needs of patients.
Aligned with the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, improving prenatal care for First Nations women needs to allow for genuine relationship building with patients, with enhanced and authentic cultural understanding by HCPs, and care approaches tailored to women's needs, culture, and context.
In the Cree language, kikiskawâwasow means "she is with child". Pregnancy is a crucial period in the health trajectory of a family. In addition to acute impacts, the fetal circumstances in utero substantially affect future risk of developmental difficulties/challenges and adult diseases . A growing body of perinatal research has detailed considerable global health disparities experienced by Indigenous women and their infants compared to non-Indigenous populations . Similar disparities have been shown among Canada's most populous Indigenous group1, the First Nations, in Alberta [3, 4]. Moreover, among First Nations women fertility/birth rates are significantly higher and inadequate prenatal care occurs more often than in non-First Nations women [5, 6]. Specifically, pregnant First Nations women in British Columbia (Canada) were less likely to have early ultrasonography, to have at least four antenatal care visits, and to undergo labour induction after prolonged pre-labor rupture of membranes or at post-dates gestation compared to non-First Nations women . Improved care and a greater understanding of how to effectively work in this context is needed.
Frequent dissatisfaction with prenatal healthcare providers (HCPs) has been shown in qualitative work with Indigenous women [7–11]. On the other hand, from the perspective of prenatal HCPs, lack of time and system-level resources are often described as barriers to appropriate care for Indigenous women [12, 13]. This report is part of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project in collaboration with a large Cree First Nations community in Alberta. It builds from an ongoing community engagement process that has taken place over several years. Our objective was to explore the characteristics of effective care with First Nations women from the perspective of HCPs that service a large First Nations community in Alberta. For our purposes, effective care essentially referred to care that contributed to healthier pregnancies and better prenatal outcomes. This work is one piece of the overarching ENRICH study (www.enrich.ales.ualberta.ca), which aims to improve maternal health in pregnancy and postpartum within Alberta.
This study was carried out in collaboration with the Cree community of Maskwacis, Alberta (collectively made up of Samson, Louis Bull, Montana, and Ermineskin First Nations bands; includes Pigeon Lake reserve), with which we have pre-existing research relationships. Our approach was informed by both ethnography and CBPR. The foundation of CBPR is true partnerships between the researcher and community members to resolve significant social and/or health problems . CBPR considers community members as experts on their own experience, carrying knowledge and skills that are valuable to the research process . Ethnography is a qualitative method that is increasingly being adapted in healthcare settings to view and understand perceptions, beliefs, shared meanings, values, and/or practices in the context in which they occur [16, 17].
Our community partners voiced a need to improve the pregnancy-related health of women from the community, and desired a CBPR collaboration. After an initial year and a half of engagement activities within the community by Oster (e.g. developing strong relationships and friendships, volunteering at the health centres, attending community events, participating in sub-committee meetings, taking part in ceremonies and cultural events, assisting with ongoing research projects in the community, making presentations when asked, etc.) a research partnership was formed through the development of a Community Advisory Committee (CAC). Childbearing women from Maskwacis were involved in the engagement activities to help better understand the community context and to inform the CAC meetings. The CAC acted as our main community collaborator and consisted of a fluid group of community members, Elders, and staff from the community health/social services departments. Through regular collaborative meetings, the CAC provided guidance and advice to all involved and devoted time to jointly design the research protocol, contribute to the interpretation of the data, and approve all dissemination pieces. Several research objectives were established, including understanding the perceptions of HCPs (current study), fathers (parallel study), as well as Elders and women of childbearing age (parallel study). The CAC partnership agreed ethnography would be the most appropriate approach to achieve the research objectives as it invokes a collaborative process that seeks to involve participants in the research process, and is both compatible with and complimentary to CBPR .
Maskwacis is a rural community (not remote) approximately 90 km south of Edmonton, Alberta, within the area of Treaty Six. The registered population of the four bands is 16,004. Pregnant women must travel to neighboring off-reserve towns and cities for prenatal care, with the majority receiving care at a single Primary Care Network associated with delivery at a Hospital that is approximately 15 km from the community town site. However, some pregnancy-related care and most postnatal care is delivered within the community (e.g. prenatal classes, diabetes clinic which sees women with diabetes complicating pregnancy, home care team, immunizations and postpartum care, etc.) and in other surrounding communities.
Ethical approval by the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board was obtained. Community approval from key stakeholders and Elders was also obtained. Community members were involved at all stages of this project, with the aim of shared power, equitable resourcing and mutual understanding. The CAC also provided ethical assistance and ensured the research progressed in a culturally appropriate manner. A research agreement was jointly developed with the CAC. Throughout the study there was capacity building within the community through the involvement of community members whenever possible (e.g. hiring of community members as research assistants, locally sourcing any research-related expenditures, etc.).
HCPs (nurses, physicians, dietitians, mental health therapists) within Maskwacis and neighboring non-Indigenous communities were recruited using purposeful sampling. We wanted to attain a sample that was proportionately representative of those providers who deliver prenatal care to women from the community. Midwifery is generally uncommon in the province of Alberta, and to our knowledge there are no midwives working in this community. We recruited HCPs that worked regularly with pregnant and postpartum women from Maskwacis and provided health-related or comprehensive care to women during the childbearing year. We sought to have a mixture of Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants, and on-reserve and off-reserve participants. All of the participants had been working with women from Maskwacis for a minimum of one year. An information letter detailing the study was reviewed with HCPs who agreed to participate, and written informed consent was provided prior to interviews.
The data were generated from June to December 2015 via one-to-one semi-structured interviews at a mutually selected location. The CAC partnership agreed that representative voice of the participants was the aim of the data generation activities and felt participant observation (often a core data collection method of ethnography) may alter the participant's behavior. Since participant observation was also agreed to be too time consuming for the project goals, this approach was not utilized. The interviews were conducted by Oster and Bruno in English, lasted approximately 45–60 min, and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Bruno is of Indigenous descent. Interviews were conversational and open-ended questions were asked to prompt discussion (e.g. what kind of advice would you give another HCP that is working with pregnant Indigenous women?). It was our intent to highlight and understand positive practices and not to 'interrogate' HCPs or set an over-critical atmosphere for the interviews. The participants were encouraged to focus solely on prenatal care and their Indigenous pregnant patients.
Data were analyzed together by Oster and Bruno concurrently with data generation using qualitative content analysis  and Atlas.ti qualitative computer software. Briefly, transcripts were read and re-read, and coded to determine persistent concepts that were grouped in categories. The categories were again re-read (and re-organized if necessary), and were then described in-depth. The categories were considered together to determine if/how they were related and to identify common themes in all of the data. Initial findings were discussed with the CAC and members of our research team, and feedback was sought from both of these groups. Feedback helped refine the categories and findings, and reduce redundancy. Data collection and analysis ceased upon data saturation, when no new information or insight emerged, and when the categories were well defined.
Strength and rigor were achieved by regularly consulting the CAC and by abiding with the approaches described by Whittemore, Chase, & Mandle  and Milne & Oberle  to achieve authenticity, credibility, criticality and integrity of data collected. Oster and Bruno kept reflective personal journals throughout the entire research process to allow for reflection and critical appraisal of the information collected. Participants were provided with a draft of the findings and invited to provide feedback to enhance the trustworthiness and correctness of the data, eight of which did.
A total of 12 participants were needed to reach data saturation. The average age of participants was 42 years. Six of the participants worked within the community and six worked off-reserve. Three of the 12 participants were Indigenous, which is representative of the HCPs available to pregnant women in this community and in the surrounding communities (Indigenous HCPs are the minority). Seven of the participants were nurses, two were physicians, two were dietitians, and one was a mental health therapist.
Three core categories that were highly interrelated and consonant with one another were identified from the analysis. The first category, Relationships and Trust, was foundational to the other two categories of Cultural Understanding and Context-Specific Care, and all three were identified as critical to effective prenatal care with First Nations women. Moving beyond the mainstream patient-provider relationship and the healthcare system as whole was also a central theme to the categories. An in-depth description of each category is presented below.
The participants felt strong relationships and trust with their Indigenous patients was crucial to effective prenatal care and ultimately leads to healthier pregnancies. Going beyond the usual patient-provider relationship by taking more time to get to know patients and including personal investments was necessary according to the participants to achieve genuine relationships and trust.
I think the biggest thing is just trying to create that relationship with the moms. I know they are hesitant accessing health care. They may have had poor or bad experiences with other nurses… We don't know that patient's story. That's probably the first thing you could do is ask them. Not about why they're there at their appointment, but to try to talk to them and create a conversation. Ask them about who they are, about their family, and really try to get to know them… Really just being open to whatever they bring to us and talk about that first.
Never assume anything. Get to know that person. I always ask them to tell me their story, you know, what's going on. I don't go in with a paper and pen and start ticking off the baby's vital signs… I listen to their story and that's the first thing in gaining trust, because it might not be about having the baby or the physical labour. It might be that she had a fight with her boyfriend and she's really, really depressed and she could care less about the baby right now… The moms have my cell number, they can text me anytime.
It's about building one relationship at a time. It's about being a person. I don't think anybody thinks of me as a health professional… You have to be genuine. You can't be faking because that would be totally insincere and obviously wrong. But if you feel something is appropriate, say it. Like 'oh my gosh you are so beautiful.'… But I think sometimes professionals might be way too much to the book… You are not supposed to hug people apparently. Oh well, you know what? If they need a hug, they are getting one. And yeah, you are not supposed to use affectionate terms. You know what? Some of my clients are my 'dears'. Yep, some of them are my 'sweeties'.
Some participants described the need for changing system priorities to focus more on building relationships: "the organization likes to see numbers and they don't necessarily look at relationships, but until you actually build a relationship and you build that trust you're never going to get anywhere with that client." Establishing meaningful relationships and interaction with patients also required finding "the right staff". One participant explained: "They need to ask themselves 'why are they working with First Nations people?' If you don't know why, then maybe this isn't a good fit for you." Participants felt HCPs that are open, sincere, compassionate, willing to go "that extra mile", and able to understand the many issues their First Nations patients may be facing, are better suited to working with this population and are more likely to find such work enjoyable and an opportunity for mutual learning.
According to the participants, Cultural Understanding specific to the community served is vital to trusting relationships and effective prenatal care, and entails not only an understanding of Indigenous culture but their histories and context as well. Enhanced cultural understanding was sought by all of the HCPs and was thought to be more impactful if it arose via real experiences and learning from patients rather than relying only on formal cultural sensitivity training alone.
It wasn't enough. There were these bits and pieces here and there, kind of scattered all over. But no, not near enough. I truly believe that all health care providers, no matter what discipline they are in, need their own individual course that is a part of their program. A component that addresses Aboriginal health issues… The faster that happens, the more prepared health care providers will be to deal with them and the issues that we face.
We had an Elder come in and we did a big circle, and she told us her story. We were all crying and we had no idea. It was like we were hit by a truck…I also took a couple of courses with an Aboriginal teacher (that took place within) an old residential school… They can teach you things in books, but going into the school and walking past the morgue and hearing stories, that was a huge eye-opener of what people lived through and what lots of families lost. It definitely gave me a lot more compassion… Cultural sensitivity training in a classroom is great, but I think it's those relationships with community members, hearing someone tell their story is way more impactful.
Cultural understanding encompassed not just an appreciation and grasp of cultural practices, but also knowledge of the ongoing impacts of colonization, and the vulnerability and numerous challenges some patients may encounter: residential school legacy,2 racism, historical trauma, cultural loss, addictions, family violence, mental health issues, diabetes, crowded homes, food insecurity, poverty, poor support, limited opportunities, and lack of reliable transportation to name a few. Subsequently, HCPs were better able to understand why some First Nations women missed appointments (which was consistently cited as the most important barrier to prenatal care), as one participant described: "When you're dealing with all those social determinants of health, then attending appointments is not a priority. And I don't think it should be a priority either." Some participants felt it necessary to openly acknowledge the negative impact of colonization to encourage dialogue, stronger relationships, and cultural understanding.
Context-specific care, although not always possible, was perceived by the participants as a key piece of effective prenatal care. They felt context-specific care requires both individual HCPs and the systems in which they work to adapt a more flexible, all-inclusive, and accessible approach that meets specific needs of their Indigenous female patients.
Moving beyond current standard prenatal care was key. For example, one participant explained that she sometimes met with clients at alternative locations: "There is one girl that had just had a baby and wanted to go back to school. So I actually went to the school and I did the visitation there and it was really good." Other ideas for context-specific care that had either worked well in the past or were currently being advocated for included: Elder support/mentoring, lactation consultants, menopause programs, midwifery programs, and childcare (ideally accessible within the same facility). Further, improving the coordination of care between the many different clinics and hospitals in the area (both on and off-reserve) was viewed as vital to improving overall care. Participants regularly spoke of their patients struggling to navigate an often overwhelming and complex system.
I'm not going to tell them like 'this is what you have to do', because that approach never works… You have to give control back to people, because when they feel like they're out of control already in their lives, its not going to be helpful when they come to our doors and they don't have any control at all.
Providing context-specific care, while identified as essential by many participants, was not always attainable within the healthcare system. Participants portrayed an often inflexible mainstream system built on structure, scheduled appointments, rules, policies, time management, order, etc. that did not necessarily meet the needs of First Nations women: "Our biggest thing is that we are kind of pigeon-holed into time." Another participant provided an additional poignant example: "In the past I have tried to advocate for clients getting their own homes. I got slapped on the wrist because we're not supposed to be political, when Aboriginal health is one of the most political things in Canada." Staff turnover was also described as a barrier to providing appropriate care and to women attending appointments, as the participants felt women need to see "familiar faces every time they come in." Participants expressed feeling "frustrated", "irritated", "guilty", "limited", "discouraged", and like their "hands are tied" when unable to provide care they felt essential for First Nations women due to system barriers. As was the case for building relationships and trust, providing context-specific care was limited not only by the 'system' but also by the individual as it requires the right staff that are willing to adapt their care approach.
We sought to explore the characteristics of effective care with First Nations women from the perspective of HCPs in a large First Nations community in Alberta. Relationships and trust, cultural understanding, and context-specific care were key features of effective prenatal care and challenge the usual healthcare model according to the participants.
There is no shortage of qualitative research with Indigenous women indicating relationships with prenatal HCPs are often poor, and women voice regularly experiencing impersonal and dismissive clinic visits as well as judgmental and seemingly untrustworthy HCPs [7–12]. Clearly there is room for improvement to develop positive and trusting relationships with HCPs, which Indigenous women desire [7, 9]. In the group of HCPs we interviewed, they perceived that taking the time to invest in honest/trusting, heartfelt, and friendly interactions was crucial to successful relationships. This mirrors the perceptions of pregnant inner-city women living in a Canadian city (50 % of which were Indigenous), who described valuing HCPs that were trustworthy, non-judgmental, and took the time to make personal connections with patients . Care approaches that are centered on building a respectful relationship with patients have been shown to lead to positive patient experiences, better clinical outcomes, patient compliance with care recommendations, and health-promoting behaviours in a wide range of populations [20–22].
Our findings add to a large and growing body of research calling for greater cultural understanding on the part of prenatal HCPs of Indigenous women [7–12, 23], including the recent World Health Organization recommendations on health promotion for maternal and newborn health . A variety of terms are used in the literature, including cultural safety, awareness, competency, humility, appropriateness, and sensitivity, among others, but the message is the same: HCP cultural understanding of Indigenous women is lacking, and prenatal care and outcomes suffer as a result. HCPs, to be effective, must learn more about the extensive impacts of colonization and the resultant inequities in the social determinants of health, as well as the distinct cultural practices of the Indigenous group they are serving.
Excellent clinical practice guidelines exist aimed at improving the cultural understanding of prenatal HCPs (many of which recommend increasing the numbers of Indigenous HCPs), including recent Canadian consensus guidelines of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . However, our findings indicate that reading alone is likely not enough to achieve meaningful cultural understanding, and that it may be strengthened by shared experiences involving HCPs, patients and neighboring Indigenous communities in working together. Such collaborations would allow for mutual learning, real-life experiences, and relationship building, and could be potentially accomplished via attending cultural events and ceremonies, developing workshops led by Elders and/or community members, and involving Elders and/or community members in the clinic environment [26, 27]. More research is needed in Indigenous populations and to assess any impact of HCP cultural competence training on prenatal health status and pregnancy outcomes.
Context-specific care, as described by the participants in our study, requires flexibility and extra time and resources on the part of HCPs to establish relationships and rapport with patients and neighbouring clinics and hospitals, develop a strong cultural understanding, and tailor existing care models to better meet the needs of their patients. Our findings support an ethnography with First Nations women and University academics that found ineffective relationships with HCPs were often the result of structural limitations of the healthcare system . Similarly, a recent qualitative description with prenatal HCPs treating pregnant inner-city women suggests healthcare system barriers (including HCP lack of time, shortage of HCPs) prevent appropriate prenatal care. The authors call for more accessible, convenient, and responsive prenatal care approaches . Our findings also build upon qualitative research calling for equality and shared power in the patient-provider relationship to avoid fear-inducing, paternalistic and ineffective healthcare [7, 12]. Solutions to improving care and strengthening HCP-patient relationships may lie in supporting efforts toward more localized and community-based care, such as Indigenous birthing centres and Indigenous midwifery [10, 25, 28, 29] of which the Inuulitsivik midwifery service and education program in the Inuit region of Quebec, Canada is an excellent example of . Another example of such a program functioned briefly in the same town where some of our research was conducted , and ended because of lack of on-going funding. This needs to change, funding for prenatal care is known to derive better pregnancy outcomes [32, 33].
Although Indigenous women often share a similar history of colonization and disparities in the social determinants of health, transferability of the results to other Indigenous populations and communities may be limited as communities are distinct in many ways. Some of the HCPs from surrounding non-Indigenous communities were unable to take part in interviews and we were unable to capture their experience and views. However, the fact that most of our participants were non-Indigenous and had a strong desire to be better HCPs, and hope that others would benefit from their mistakes and experiences, was an encouraging finding. Another limitation of this study is that we did not capture the perspectives of pregnant Indigenous women, only those of HCPs. Our CAC was adamant in allowing the HCPs to have their own voice. We are currently capturing the voice of childbearing women from the community in a parallel qualitative study.
Prenatal HCPs in Canada are likely to encounter Indigenous patients, and must have better knowledge and cultural expertise to improve this working relationship. Efforts are needed to repair and improve patient-provider relationships, focusing on investing time to develop enjoyable interactions, trust, mutual respect, and shared power with patients. Time invested up front should be foundational and not be seen as "extra". HCPs should acquire meaningful and positive cultural understanding of the Indigenous peoples they are working with. Reading seminal literature and/or completing online competency courses are important  but are not nearly enough. HCPs, their organizations, as well as institutions involved in training of HCPs could work to partner with Indigenous patients and communities to create opportunities for sharing real-life experiences and building positive, ongoing relationships that ultimately improve the integration of HCPs into communities. Any cultural understanding training needs to include components that are specific to the community since all are unique - reinforcing the need for active engagement, collaboration, and mutual learning. Current healthcare systems, clinics, and HCPs need to allow for more innovation, flexibility, and responsiveness in care approaches when working with Indigenous prenatal patients so that care is specific to their context. There is also a need for improved information sharing and coordination of care between hospitals and clinics that provide prenatal and obstetrical care to First Nations women.
Identifying practical ways to put the Calls to Action related to Health from the recent Truth and Reconciliation Commission  would go a long way in achieving the implications of our research (identified above) and in advancing the care and health of pregnant First Nations women. Specifically, this would include: acknowledging that current Aboriginal health is a direct result of colonization and of previous government policies (including residential schools); implementing Aboriginal people's health-care rights as identified in international law, constitutional law, and under the Treaties; respecting and meeting the distinct needs of individual Aboriginal communities; recognizing the value of Aboriginal healing practices and implementing them in practice and in collaboration with Aboriginal healers and Elders; increasing the numbers and retention of Aboriginal HCPs; and providing cultural competency training for all HCPs and healthcare students.
In Canada, three types of Indigenous peoples (sometimes referred to as Aboriginal peoples) are constitutionally recognized: The First Nations, the Inuit, and the Métis peoples. Each group and each community is distinct in terms of their cultural identities, histories, languages, and so on. The Indigenous population represents approximately 4.3 % of the total Canadian population.
Residential schools were a federally funded policy whereby Indigenous children were removed from their homes, families, and culture, and forced into church-run schools aimed at assimilation into the dominant Canadian culture and society. The schools were in existence for over 100 years and have had a profound and continuing negative impact on Indigenous populations .
We would like to thank and acknowledge the communities of Maskwacis and the qualitative participants of the study for generating this knowledge with us. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Melissa Berg, Erinn Bailey-Sawatzky, Pattie Currie-Beebe, Sue Buffalo, Bonnie McCloud, Randy Littlechild, Gail Lightning, Joanne Siemens, Sarah Fordham, Gloria Mcknight, Maira Quintanilha, Hara Nikolopolous, Jessica Thompson, Jill Morris, Linda McCargar, Paula Robson, Sheila Tyminski, Dawn Phelps, Terri Miller, Dolly Bondarianzadeh, and Kelli Buckreus.
This study was funded by an Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions Collaborative Research and Innovation Opportunity team grant.
The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is not available, in order to preserve the anonymity of participants.
Oster contributed to the design, contributed to the data collection and analysis, and wrote the manuscript. Bruno contributed to the data collection and analysis. Montour/Roasting/Lightning/Rain/Graham were members of the Community Advisory Committee and as such contributed to the design and guided the project. Mayan/Toth/Bell contributed to the design and supervised the project. All authors contributed to manuscript writing, and approved the final manuscript.
Oster, PhD is a mixed-methods researcher with the Believing we can Reduce the Aboriginal Incidence of Diabetes research group at the University of Alberta, Department of Medicine. Bruno is a member of Samson Cree Nation and a research assistant for the ENRICH team at the University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science. Montour is an Elder and cultural leader of Samson Cree Nation. Roasting is an Elder and cultural leader of Louis Bull Cree Nation. Lightning is an Elder, cultural leader, and previous member of Chief & Council for Ermineskin Cree Nation. Rain is a member of Samson Cree Nation, and works for Maskwacis Health Services as the health manager for the Pigeon Lake Satellite Clinic. Graham, RN is the nurse manager for all of Maskwacis Health Services. Mayan, PhD is an associate professor and qualitative methodologist at the University of Alberta, Faculty of Extension. Toth, MD is a diabetes specialist with Maskwacis and Alberta Health Services, and a professor emeritus at the University of Alberta, Department of Medicine. Bell, PhD is a professor and human nutrition researcher at the University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science.
Written informed consent to publish the findings of this research was obtained from the study participants.
Ethical approval by the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board was obtained. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the study participants.


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Each Confirmation Candidate is required to complete at least 25 hours of service. Upon completion of the 25 hours of service, the student must complete and turn in a Confirmation Service Form that includes a Description and Hours completed for each service project. We also ask that the form include an explanation of their feelings before, during, and after the projects, any changes that they personally experienced, how others were affected by the service, and how they intend to use these experiences in the future.
What is the deadline?:
The Service Form verifying all 25 hours have been completed by January 9, 2023.
Completed forms and reports may be submitted as follows:
Give them to your Teacher in Class.
What are some Service Opportunities at IHM
Please see below, a list of possible service projects for you to choose from to complete your 25 or more hours of service. You may choose one and stick to it for the year or choose 2 or 3 projects of your choice. Please remember, all service projects are voluntary, you do not get paid for them. Good luck to you.
Be a teacher aide for our Religious Education Program. Monday or Wednesday from 3:30-5:00 or Wednesday from 5:15 – 6:45.
IHM's Midnight Run: Help at a clothing sort, toiletry collection, and make food to be brought to the homeless in NYC. You do not have to go on the run itself. Paul and Susan Doyle or visit website: https://ihm-parish.org/midnight-run
Run a food drive. Prepare advertisements, set a date for the drive, be present at collection time, and help to pack and deliver food to the food pantry. Plans need to be discussed with the Religion Office before the drive begins.
Get involved with the Hope Community Services soup kitchen or food pantry. Call 636-4010.
Have a bake sale and donate the proceeds to a charity. Plans need to be discussed with the Religion Office before the bake sale.
Participate in a walk-a-thon...Relay for Life, Diabetes, Lupus, Cancer.
Why do we show our Faith in Action ?
Scripture says: what good is it for one to say "I have faith" if the person's actions do not prove it? You are called by Jesus to show faith through action. As you prepare for Confirmation, special focus is given to service to emphasize that you are about to enter more fully into the life of the church. When you choose your service, think about the ways your talents and abilities can help others by focusing on the Corporal Works of Mercy and the Spiritual Works of Mercy.
The Corporal Works of Mercy are specific instructions given by Christ himself for the aid and comfort of those less fortunate than us: feeding the hungry, giving drink to the thirsty, clothing the naked, sheltering the homeless, visiting the sick, visiting the imprisoned, and burying the dead.
The Spiritual Works of Mercy are specific instructions given by Catholic Christian tradition by which we help each other grow in the Spirit: counseling the doubtful, instructing the ignorant, admonishing the sinner, comforting the sorrowful, forgiving injuries, bearing wrongs patiently, and praying for the living and the dead.
Possibilities for service are many, but you must develop an openness to being led by the Spirit and use your talents to serve others now and throughout the rest of your life.
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A Manhattan man is back in jail after another confrontation with a local judge Monday.
Ernie Tertelgte, 52, appeared in Gallatin County Justice Court for a status hearing on a charge of fishing without a license and resisting arrest. But the routine hearing ended with Tertelgte in handcuffs and his supporters in disbelief.
The hearing opened with a request by Justice of the Peace Rick West that Tertelgte remove his signature three point hat in the courtroom. Tertelgte repeatedly refused and protested loudly. Justice West asked him twice to stop yelling and held him in contempt when Tertelgte did not comply.
Justice West sentenced him to 30 days in jail and a $500 fine.
Outside the courtroom, nearly two dozen people had gathered in support of Tertelgte. However, the hearing was over before most of them were allowed in.
Security was higher than normal, with close to 20 law enforcement officers on hand. Anyone interested in getting into the courtroom had to go through a metal detector and most of Tertelgte's supporters were just filing in as he was being escorted to the detention center.
"Taking off your hat is not illegal, it's not immoral, it's not unethical and if the judge makes a law that somebody has to take it off, all that's doing is forcing his will upon a man who has his own alienable rights and it's unjust," he told us.
Another twist to Monday's court hearing was a ban on cameras in the courtroom. Before asking Tertelgte to remove his hat, Justice West announced that no video, photos or recordings would be allowed during the hearing.
The charges against him stem from an Aug. 31 incident which a state game warden attempted to cite Tertelgte for fishing without a license at the Three Forks Pond, which is a state-managed area.
In court, FWP warden Adam Pankratz said Tertelgte refused to give him his name when approached. He was fishing with his 11-year-old son that day and the warden told the court he and a Three Forks police officer repeatedly tried to stop the situation from escalating, but Tertelgte refused to comply.
The case is gaining national attention as a video of Tertelgte's initial appearance in Three Forks has been viewed more than 795,000 times.


text:
Do strong local offshore winds affect the size of the surf?
Submitted by thermalben on Sun, 08/06/2017 - 07:22
thermalben started the topic in
Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:22am
*note: the first dozen or so comments here are copied from a discussion in a recent Victorian Forecaster Notes thread which, for posterity, I have transferred to a seperate forum thread - as it's a great discussion. Any comments before 7:30am Sunday 6/8 have a later timestamp than when initially posted (12-18 hours prior) but are in the correct sequence.
Vic Local commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:23am
I wouldn't be putting a size on it and neither should you guys considering how unpredictable the weather pattern is. BOM is calling for gale force offshores. That alone makes height predictions dubious at best. This looks like a really fragile swell that's not going to handle high tides, strong offshores, and slight change in directions.
"angry online, smiley in the brine"
thermalben commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:24am
"We have decided not to estimate the surf size this weekend, given how unpredictable the weather pattern is".
Yeah, that'll fly. Would love to see the BOM roll that one out too.
BTW, the strength of the local offshore wind has nothing to do with the size of the surf.
"BTW, the strength of the local offshore wind has nothing to do with the size of the surf." Really Ben. Do you seriously believe that?
Yes, I believe the science.
"The effect of opposing winds or wave energy on propagating swell is surprisingly small, especially if swell steepness is small. If a swell moving north encounters a north wind and waves moving south, only negligible changes in swell height and period will occur. The wave interactions between the swell and opposing waves are so small that errors associated with neglecting them are much smaller than errors that result from poorly defined wind speeds. These effects are, for the most part, ignored in wave/swell computations."
Source: MetEd department of NCAR, "a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the National Science Foundation and devoted to service, research and education in the atmospheric and related sciences. NCAR is managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, a consortium of more than 100 universities granting degrees in atmospheric and related science."
Nick Bone commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:25am
Just out of curiosity, why is that? Simply because swell has more energy in it than a wind?
Could a 40knot offshore squash a short period swell coming in from the opposite direction (i.e Home. Strong North with short period SW swell?)
I am the bone
So last weekend when the swell came in a day later than you predicted had nothing to do with the howling offshores? And howling winds wrapping around a low don't effect swell direction at all?
I may not go in for all that book learning, but I'm just smart enough to know that swells can be kept out to sea on the Surf Coast by 70-90km northerlies. But hey 20 + years of watching the waves down here counts for nothing eh?
pigdog commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:26am
was "vic local" smart enough to invest in the property market 20 years ago down there….
Yes. pigdog. So technically I'm still a blow in.
carpetman commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:26am
Hey Ben, what are the contributing factors to swell decay over any given distance? From my understanding decay is quite complex and so a constant is applied as there are many, but only minor, impacts. But that is in the open ocean. As a wave stands up, and as you've highlighted above, steepness is likely to impact this. I'm not arguing with the science just trying to get a better understanding of nearshore.
Also, why does the opposite apply when a storm moves over an already agitated sea state?
crustt commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:27am
I'll side with Ben, using the logic that wind doesn't travel under water, can't see how it could affect a good groundswell.
Also, my observations from the surfcoast on a howling NW make me think there are significant impacts near shore. Bass straight is shallow and waves will begin steepen up a long way out from shore. They tend to feel much weaker in this scenario. But maybe that's just because of the wind pushing strongly up the face?
indo-dreaming commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:28am
I know the theory and science says swells can't be affected by strong offshore's, or even blown in by an onshore.
But in my experience i swear it happens.
And at some spots in a strong offshore waves often feel like they have lost energy compared to the same swell period with a light offshore or light onshore or no wind, IMO the effect is worse the lower the swell period.
goofyfoot commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:28am
You don't think it's the low period swell making it feel like the waves don't have much energy?
Wharfjunkie commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 7:28am
Agree with ID a exceptionally strong offshore tends to feel as if the power of the wave has been diminished. Wonder if the research ThermalBen referred to was researched well offshore.
I think there's pretty good anecdotal evidence that a very strong offshore will keep a swell out or significantly delay the arrival of a swell. How often do you see a swell build from flat in gale force northerlies or NWers?
I'm happy to discuss and debate the specifics, but you have to be very careful argueing anecdotal evidence against emperical data collection.
There are complex, valid reasons why swell events appear late, or end up smaller (or bigger) than expected. The main reason is because weather forecasting as a general service is very hard. Secondly, because marine forecasting has almost no observational data to work with, and thirdly because surf forecasting (a third generational forecast product) can see large variations in size between small stretches of coast, related to incremental changes in period and direction. So a swell event across a small stretch of coast can be spot on at one location and completely wrong at a neighbouring break.
And lastly, surf forecasting is also unique in that we are forecasting "good" or "bad" surf days - not neccesarily a measure of wave heights, but more related to whether someone has a good session or not. So even if the surf forecast is correct, the perception of the surf conditions via the end user (and thus the perceived accuracy of the forecast) is also related to external influences like crowds, sand banks, tides, bluebottles, etc.
So, for example, VL: what is your starting point when you say "a very strong offshore will keep a swell out or significantly delay the arrival of a swell"?
What's the evidence you have that the swell would have arrived, had there not been strong offshore winds?
indo-dreaming commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 10:32am
I think the effect happens to a much larger extent where waves move through a shallower water depth, for instance in in my area Kitty Miller bay is the classic example it gets super gutless when strong offshore and has much more push when no wind or light offshore or onshore even under the same swell period, other examples are any of the waves in the bay at Westernport on the island side and even more so the peninsula side.
Don't know if it delays a swell..i don't think id agree with that, i think it just weakens a swell a bit but don't expect it has as much effect on swells in deep water.
I agree it kind of goes against the science but i still swear it happens?
thermalben commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 10:38am
That's a slightly different thing though (however, I think there are other factors at play here, rather than the wind being the sole contributor to an apparent size or energy loss).
VL's initial point was referencing swell events as a whole, rather than how swells respond at a specific beach level.
Best way to test your theory ID (and this is hard, as we have no control over the wind) would be to compare surf "strength" during one swell event, if you're fortunate enough to see a rapid change in offshore wind strength during that session.
Of course, we'd need to rule out other factors such as tidal influence, phase of the swell, location choice etc. But it'd be a good start.
Nick Bone commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 10:56am
Specifically talking kitty millers. Do you think that because your effectively surfing a far way out from shore, that a strong offshore has more surface to gain momentum or something in that ball park? Kitty Millers, like out back of Sorrento are unique in the sense that while they're in a bay of sorts, there actually far out to sea. Out back sorra is a no go zone pretty much regardless the of the sand quality during a strong offshore.
Clam commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 11:14am
Theres no science behind yet another old wives tale .
Clam commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 2:04pm
Thermalben said ;
"and thirdly because surf forecasting (a third generational forecast product) can see large variations in size between small stretches of coast, related to incremental changes in period and direction. So a swell event across a small stretch of coast can be spot on at one location and completely wrong at a neighbouring break. "
Yeah ben .
swell events have a signature like a snowflake or dna . The key is in the signature imo .
What key unlocks Your wave .
Nick Bone commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 12:47pm
Light SE and straight lines
"Light SE and straight lines"
Your missing the vital piece
eel commented Sunday, 6 Aug 2017 at 8:51pm
Bali's west coast blows offshore for pretty much 6 months of the year. It doesn't seem to stop the swell from coming on the west coast.
nathan666 commented Monday, 7 Aug 2017 at 1:26pm
To be honest Ben, I was surfing the other morning at 13th from the crack of down, (sunday) the day you put photos up then about 10 guys all came down the steps in unison about 8:30 haha..
But in all seriousness, it was firing while the wind was lighter, consistent sets and bigger. The tide was on its way in, but from experience if the peak of the tide was at around 11, 9 oclock would normally see a little pulse in swell dying just before high until after high.
It basically lost size and dramatically lost consistency just after the NNW started howling.
My two cents from this exact swell
thermalben commented Monday, 7 Aug 2017 at 1:43pm
What time were you surfing 13th Sunday morning? Wind observations from Pt Lonsdale don't show any major strengthening trend, if anything there was a faint easing.
Also, wind obs from Cape Otway show a slight easing trend between Saturday night and Sunday morning (keeping in mind CO is well exposed, and also at the entrance to Bass Strait, where the swells will start to wrap back into the Surf Coast), but in general a steady trend throughout the period.
Aireys Inlet had a significant easing between overnight Saturday and early Sunday morning, and then a minor re-strengthening mid-morning. Wind direction did back from the N to the NNW then eventually NW however.
BTW, one key to this argument is: wind works on and above the surface. Waves work below the surface. In fact most of the energy is a considerable distance below the surface (i.e. the depth to which the energy of a 15 second swell period penetrates is around 576ft, or 178m).
I got in the water just after 7.
That's interesting, because it definitely felt to me like it picked up, possibly just because it got more west in it there was less protection, and coinciding with the already west swell maybe this had an affect to blow it past even more?
To put it simple though, the swell just died in the ass around 9
Thing is, swells die in the arse. And they pick up. They fluctuate all the time, due to a couple of reasons we understand reasonably well (tides, location position, swell phase) and many reasons we don't understand well (specific characteristics of the parent storm, precise wind speeds, degree of capture fetch, length of active sea state, local currents etc etc).
More than likely you saw a temporary period of easing surf, which simply coincided during a period when the wind picked up locally.
Here's the Pt Nepean buoy trace from the last 48 hours - this is the closest location to 13th Beach and usually has a pretty strong correlation (trend wise, at least). Eyeballing the data and there's no discernible change from overnight Saturday through much of Sunday.
At a scientific level it just doesn't add up either. The swells you were riding when you first got in the water around 7am were generated thousands of kilometers away, and would have passed through all kinds of sea states within the Southern Ocean - no wind, a bit of wind, a lot of wind. From many directions too.
But swell energy (particularly long period swells) keeps on travelling through these disturbed sea states regardless of what it encounters - unless it's related to bathymetry.
So it doesn't make any sense that a swell that's travelled for a couple of thousand kays was producing perfectly acceptable surf at 13th Beach, until it interacted with a strong offshore breeze near the coastline - in which case the swell suddenly stopped in its tracks (where? Just offshore? Somewhere in the middle of Bass Strait? Further west of Cape Otway in the Southern Ocean?).
And then if the offshores were to suddenly abate, that the swell energy would pick up where it left off, and continue along as if nothing had happened.
Also interesting is the swell direction reported at the Pt Nepean buoy this weekend, under what was a pretty strong (regional) W'ly swell direction. For the most part, the buoy recorded anywhere from the SW thru' almost S; mainly S/SW.
Craig and I wrote an article over four years (!) ago which touched on the influences of the Pt Nepean swell direction:
https://www.swellnet.com/news/swellnet-analysis/2013/04/11/buoys-follow-...
crustt commented Monday, 7 Aug 2017 at 3:18pm
Maybe you need southey to explain it to them again! :))
Once was enough though, thanks.
Very interesting mate, I guess data doesn't lie does it!
Although looking at that chart, at around the time I mentioned, it did take a pretty sharp drop in size, plus an increase in period which I'd think be exactly why it seemed to die in the ass when I was out there.
I was never for, or against your subject, just very curious as to add in to the topic to get to the bottom of it as I was there experiencing it first hand. Plus I and am also very interested in weather, swell and wind predictions.
One thing I know is we will never be able to predict with 100% accuracy how swells are going to act at each beach until eye ball it at the time.
Hence nothing beats a drive down to the beach at first light to check it.
I'll have a look at that article.
"it did take a pretty sharp drop in size, plus an increase in period"
I don't see any drop in size (top graph) and very little change in period (bottom graph) - though significant period did ease during this period.. not sure how you're seeing the opposite?
The drop in significant period - or Tsig - around that time is indeed related to the wind - that's because Tsig is the average period of the highest 1/3 of all recorded waves. So, it can become contaminated by windswell, especially during inconsistent swell events.
This occurs when local wind speed picks up, generating a large percentage of new low period windswell.
See the image below - this is the recorded wind speed and direction at Point Lonsdale through the same time period - the circled area just before midnight on Saturday was averaging 25kts (gusting almost 40kts), which coincided with an even larger temporary drop in swell period.
When looking at buoy data you have to be careful not to cherry pick specific data points, and instead look at broad overall trends.
carpetman commented Monday, 7 Aug 2017 at 4:21pm
I'm only talking nearshore. Most of the energy is below the surface until the wave breaks - or is about to break. Swell steepness is no longer small at this stage, and due to the low gradient of the ocean floor around some areas of Victoria waves can stand up for a long period of time before finally pitching.
All your points are fine for offshore but like everyone else here its nearshore we're interested in. Surely there's a paper somewhere that proves the theory for nearshore?
I was also talking about the peak wave heights, not significant. Maybe I am reading the graph wrong, because its pretty small on my screen.
To the left of the box you drew, the max wave heights were much closer to 3m, while the peak period was close to 15 seconds. The peaks then dropped to 2.5m with 18s period peaks. What this says to me is the sets lost size, and frequency..?
Now because when I surf, no matter how big it is (in my own limits) I wait for the best and biggest set waves, which in my eyes would be the peak waves on a graph, not the average dribble in between.
But I haven't been able to read a graph so I guess that's wrong, just my logic.
CM - I'm not sure what has been written in this field, but I'll look for some papers to see if there's anything around.
Nathan - my point is, don't look at the data over short time scales (i.e. half hourly to half hour). Swells simply don't behave linearly in this fashion.
Clam commented Monday, 7 Aug 2017 at 5:01pm
You have to ride an alternate craft . simple
Quite a lot of water in the lip of the wave is actually removed whilst breaking against headwinds .
Thats the opposite situation of an onshore tailwind which would add to the lip.
Wind resistance is the enemy because its harder to get speed standing on your board going into it
evosurfer in Oversized south swell incoming 1611090772


Home » Christian Devotionals » Christian Sermons » What Is True Faith?
What is faith? Under comfortable environments, with our works going well and family lives being peaceful, many of us will have the faith to follow the Lord, actively reading the Bible and attending meetings; however, once something unpleasant happens, we will become weak immediately. For example, when we are facing living difficulties because of losing our jobs, when our families lose peace due to something against our wishes happening, or when we are always refused a new job in spite of our praying, we begin losing our faith in God. Then, in consideration of all these things, what is real faith exactly?
As for this question, there are two passages of words that speak clearly, "What does faith refer to? Faith is the genuine belief and the sincere heart that humans should possess when they cannot see or touch something, when God's work is not in line with human notions, when it is beyond human reach. This is the faith that I speak of. People are in need of faith during times of hardship and refinement, and along with faith comes refinement. These are inextricable. No matter how God works or what kind of environment you are in, if you are able to pursue life, seek to have God's work carried out within you, and pursue the truth, and if you have an understanding of God's actions and are able to act according to the truth, then this is your genuine faith and this shows that you have not lost hope in God. Only if you are still able to pursue the truth through refinement, you are able to truly love God and do not develop doubts of Him, if no matter what He does you still practice the truth to satisfy Him and you are able to deeply seek out His will and be considerate of His will, then this means you have true faith in God." "When you face sufferings you must be able to not consider the flesh and not complain against God. When God hides Himself from you, you must be able to have the faith to follow Him, to maintain your previous love without allowing it to falter or disappear. No matter what God does, you must submit to His design, and be more willing to curse your own flesh than to complain against Him. When you are faced with trials you must satisfy God in spite of any reluctance to part with something you love, or bitter weeping. Only this can be called true love and faith." From these words, we see that true faith is the belief that we should possess when God's work is not in accordance with our notions. When we face suffering and hardships, we do not lose our faith in God or complain against God and are able to follow God as always, and even if we can't see His actions after praying, we still completely believe in His work and words without any doubts and have an obedient heart to seek out His will. This is true faith.
To better understand this aspect of truth, let's look at the experiences of Job and Moses.
Job was the richest man in the east; however, in the trials, in a very short time, all his possessions were robbed by bandits and his sons and daughters were crushed to death in the collapse of his house. Facing all this, Job didn't complain against God, because he had seen a lot of God's deeds through all things and thus deeply understood that everything he owned was bestowed by God. Therefore, even though God took away everything from him, he never lost his faith in God because of losses in his own interests, and instead he said, "Jehovah gave, and Jehovah has taken away; blessed be the name of Jehovah" (Job 1:21). Afterward, Job was covered with sores. When his wife advised him to curse God, he said, "You speak as one of the foolish women speaks. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?" (Job 2:10). Because of his true faith, Job was able to obey God's orchestrations and arrangements in the trials, thus bearing resounding witness. In the end, he saw the back of Jehovah God and heard His voice.
Moses, as everyone who has read the Bible knows, before leading the Israelites out of Egypt, was exiled by Pharaoh to the wilderness because of his killing an Egyptian. Moses was originally an Egyptian prince and led an extravagant life in the palace; however, he had to raise sheep to make a living when in the wilderness, and moreover, what he would face every day was only animals, with nobody to talk to. We may wonder how he lived such a life. To everyone's surprise, in those tough years, Moses, through praying to God and relying on Him, survived in the wilderness at last. What's more, after forty years of refinement, not only his hot blood and natural personality were ground away, but also he developed true faith in God, being a man after God's heart. Thus, after that, Jehovah God formally used him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. When God called him, Moses didn't make any personal choices, refuse or falter but instead accepted God's commission. It is through forty years of refinement that Moses achieved this kind of faith.
In summary, it can be seen that true faith reveals itself in trials and refinements. Though the circumstances that Job and Moses encountered were not the same, they were similar in that when faced with adversities, they still prayed to and praised God and maintained their faith in Him, no matter what He did. Therefore, in the end, they received God's approval and blessings. We can see from these facts that every environment we encounter is arranged specifically for each of us by God, and that God's intention is to perfect our faith and our knowledge of God, and also to purify us. The trials for Job elevated his faith in God and knowledge of God; the refinements Moses experienced made him cast off his temper and naturalness and be qualified to be used by God. Though we haven't encountered circumstances like theirs, their experiences give us the right direction: No matter what hardships or setbacks we meet with in our life, no matter what misfortunes befall our family, we must not deny God's name and must have true faith in God's sovereignty and omnipotence just like Job and Moses, and we are still able to pray to God and rely on God to face those adversities with obedience. At this point, we will have achieved true faith in God and gained more knowledge of Him.
• What's True Faith in God?
In great trials, Job not only didn't complain against God, but still praised His holy name. How could he possess such rationality? How should we emulate him?
What's True Faith in God?
What on earth is true faith in God? Acknowledging God's existence, being familiar with the Bible and laboring for the Lord Jesus are not truly believing in God.
When it comes to God's grace, we'll think of the peace and happiness and harmonious family life. So besides these, what else does God's grace include?
Why do we live an anguished life? Why do we still commit sins after believing in God? How to eliminate sin and gain a happy life? This article will tell you the answer.


I have at least 5 helmets sitting in my garage, 3 of which I use, and two of which are for my sons when they come back home or other visitors.
Two of those I use are nice light Giro Atmos models. The new one has front and rear lights attached for randonneuring, while the older one is strictly for road cycling. Both are still in usable condition.
The third helmet, an unknown model by Bell, is for in city riding and commuting. It often is clipped to my bars in an open parking area, exposed to the elements. Paint has faded, and the inner padding is almost gone. But it is never suffered any kind of major impact, and so retains its functionality as protection for my head. Besides, the faded color gives it a kind of "distressed" look -- one of many things that says "I did not just take up riding yesterday!"
So how to extend its life? With Octoplus from Effetto Mariposa, a "Universal Bicycle Helmet Pad Kit", to quote the packaging description. Made in Italy. The company is in Lugano, on the Swiss/Italian border. Effetto Mariposa has some really cool niche products, including this one. I use their Caffe Latex sealant for my tubeless tires, and the road version of their "Shelter" product to protect the most vulnerable areas of a carbon frame. David Marx of RGT knows the head of the company and recommended Octoplus to me.
Here is the rest of the material after the usable parts are removed. This might be useful as ... a piece of art, in a kind of SW native American pattern for a wall hanging?
It took about 10 minutes to remove the pieces and attach them inside my helmet. The result? No more velcro rubbing directly against my head. No more scuzzy, worn padding. Feels like a new helmet!
A really nice way to extend life of a helmet.
A note -- while I used all 8 arms and kept them attached to the "body" of the Octopus, it is possible to cut, separate, fold, bend and generally redo with the padding wherever it works best. Given the velcro attachments probably already in your help, plus the 10 small additional strips you get with the kit, it should not be hard to get a fit that is just right. In fact, I may end up trimming the end of a few arms. We shall see.
A nice product ... Maybe Giro, Bell, OGK, GVR, Kask, Lazer, Catlike, Spiuk, MET, Carrera and other helmet brands will not be so happy with it, but given the prices they charge, this kind of approach makes a lot of sense.
UPDATE - September 2015. A second helmet refresh project completed with Octoplus. The helmet has a completely different pre-existing set of padding, and requires a different layout. The Octoplus works fine. And this time I saved plenty of material for use on another helmet!
As they note, if the helmet is from the 1970s, you should replace it. And they also note that Italian manufacturer MET at one point did tests and suggested an 8-year "best before" life for their helmets, absent a crash (in case a crash impact, the helmet should be replaced immediately). Of course, it depends on usage, and on the characteristics of the original product.
As for my commuting helmet ... it is approaching 8 years, but it has much thicker styrofoam than my "road" helmets, and I think with the Octoplus I can probably use it another 2-3 years!


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11 newly constructed MMHPs inaugurated in Chitral
Special Assistant to Chief Minister Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for Energy and Power Taj Muhammad has visited Chitral valley and inaugurated 11 mini-micro hydel power stations, said a press release issued on Sunday. Out of the total recently inaugurated mini-micro hydel stations five projects were situated in Kalash, five in Garam Chashma, and one in Sheshi valley. The projects had the capacity generation of 1.7MW cheap electricity. The electricity produced by these projects will be supplied to 4,000 households of these valleys.
Speaking on the occasion, the special assistant said that the government was committed to providing cheap, clean and green electricity to the people.
He further stated that these projects will boost economic activities in the region and also lift the education and health sectors there.
He said that keeping in view the huge potential of hydropower available in Chitral and increasing local demand, more Mini Micro Hydropower Projects (MMHPs) will be constructed in the area during Phase-II. The special assistant also reviewed progress on ongoing hydro power projects including the 69 MW Lawi HPP and 4.2 MW Reshun HPP being undertaken by Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organisation (PEDO).
He was accompanied by Chief Executive Officer (CEO) PEDO, Project Director MMHPs and other senior officials of the organisation.
Earlier in his briefing to the special assistant on energy and power, the CEO, PEDO Engineer Mohammad Naeem Khan said that based on the fruitful results of the first phase of MMHPs project and demand of the people, further 672 MMHPs will be constructed in 21 districts of the province during the 2nd Phase. During the visit to site of Lawi HPP, Taj Mohammad expressed his dissatisfaction on the slow pace of work on the project.
He directed the project authorities to expedite the pace of work and ensure speedy completion of the project. During his visit to 4.2 MW Reshun Hydro power project, he reviewed the work of rehabilitation of the power plant which was washed away by floods during 2015. He expressed his satisfaction over the physical work on the project and directed the project authorities to ensure completion of the remaining work in the minimum possible time. He also visited 40.8 MW Koto HPP and was briefed on the latest physical progress of the project.
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San Francisco Loosens Restrictions on Dating
San Francisco residents can date again, but still can't kiss
By Conor Norris
It should come as no surprise that California has had the most onerous, restrictive, and at times, ridiculous responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the states. But a viral tweet concerning San Franciscans' dating life from Saturday night highlights just how absurd and unrealistic these can be.
As we head into the winter months, COVID-19 cases are once again surging. Our healthcare system is again beginning to strain under the stress and ICUs are reaching capacity. In response, state governments have been re-imposing restrictions in an attempt to dampen the spread of the virus.
But all restrictions are not created equal. Instead of instituting draconian rules merely that demonstrate to voters just how seriously policymakers take the threat, our responses should be tailored to the problems that we face. We have learned a lot about COVID-19 in the past 9 months, we should put this hard-earned experience to work.
California is doing just the opposite. I do not fault any policymaker for going too far in the spring; we were all panicking in March, myself included, but now, after months of time and study, any restriction should meet several criteria. It must be targeted on a common vector of infection, activities where people actually face a serious risk of infection. Any restriction must be realistic, meaning that people are both willing and able to adhere to them. Finally, it should reflect the realistic risks of mortality and death facing individuals.
Which is why the tweets from San Francisco district supervisor Matt Haney struck me. After announcing that the new health order allowed people to interact outdoors with one other person, he said "In person dating is no longer banned in San Francisco. But you can only date outdoors and no double dates." Parodying the stodgiest social conservative, he added, "you can only kiss if you move in together."
After the tweets began to go viral, he called them both factual and sarcastic. According to San Francisco public health orders, in-person dating was not allowed prior to the recent changes.
Messaging is important to convince people to follow public health orders. Being sarcastic about these regulations is counterproductive at best and will likely reduce compliance among frustrated, tired, lonely people. Everyone is struggling this year, but for single people living alone, adding this insult to injury may be too much. This ignores whether the government should be able to dictate your love life in time of emergency.
Having government officials announce dating bans is bad policy. People will not submit to laws that they feel are arbitrary for long, eventually they start ignoring them. This is especially true for unenforceable laws, which people become used to flouting. When people ignore laws it begins to erode people's respect for laws in general. Ultimately, you end up with more people willing to disregard laws that they don't like, which makes designing an appropriate response even more difficult for policymakers. An important aspect of well-designed restrictions is that they result in people actually follow them.
While it is difficult to argue that we should not reduce our number of contacts outside the household during this pandemic, it is just as difficult to believe that the optimal number of outside contacts is zero. Assuming that the optimal number is zero only considers the benefits of reducing the spread of COVID-19. It entirely ignores the extreme cost of long periods of isolation for people.
Human contact is essential for mental health. In general, the pandemic has caused a flood of mental health issues. Forcing people to withstand it alone only exacerbates people's deteriorating mental health.
All actions have tradeoffs. Slowing the spread of this virus, undoubtedly a good thing, has real tradeoffs we need to consider when deciding on the appropriate policy response. Ignoring them does not make them disappear.
In many cases, I prefer guidelines to mandates, but whichever policymakers choose to implement, they must consider the associated costs. Rather than ban all contact outside of the home for at least a year, they should design measures to limit that contact. While some risk of spread will still exist, it will be proportionately far easier for people to maintain until a vaccine allows us to return to normalcy.
Or instead of banning outside contact of any kind, limit it to places where people can do so safely. The announced change allowing people to meet outdoors is a step in the right direction. It allows people to interact, but do so in a safe environment. But given how safe we know outdoor activity is, why impose such a strict, two household limit? Why not allow people to dine outside? We should be trying to find any safe activity to encourage or at least allow.
This pandemic has been difficult for everyone. We have changed our lives in many costly ways and suffered greatly. Policymakers that continue to push costly, poorly designed rules increase this suffering and make people less likely to follow restrictions. Banning dating may give single people a good excuse for family members at Christmas, but it's a costly overreach by policymakers.
Conor Norris is a research analyst at the Knee Center for the Study of Occupational Regulation at Saint Francis University. He graduated from George Mason University with an MA in economics.
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text:
Bomgar Corporation
To: Bomgar Corporation
Owners Name: Bomgar Corporation
Owners Address: Paragon Centre, Suite 300 578 Highland Colony Parkway Ridgeland, MISSISSIPPI UNITED STATES 39157
Mark: JUMP TECHNOLOGY
Mark Literal: JUMP TECHNOLOGY
Not Successful
Response Signer: Sean Ploen
Computer hardware and software, namely, computer hardware and software for use in accessing, using and controlling computer systems and software; computer hardware and software for use in monitoring, diagnosing and troubleshooting computer systems and software; computer hardware and software for use in administering and auditing computer systems and software; computer hardware and software for use in delivering and deploying software applications and data over the Internet and/or to users; computer hardware and software for use in educating users concerning the use of computer software; computer hardware and software for use in installing and uninstalling computer software
Applicant hereby responds to a first Office Action issued November 23, 2009. The
Office Action raises several issues, and Applicant has separately addressed the Examining
Attorney's request for a disclaimer and request for an explanation of the mark's significance.
The Office Action also preliminarily refused registration of Applicant's mark under 15 U.S.C. §
1052(d) due to an alleged likelihood of confusion with the marks in U.S. registration nos.
2,306,891 and 2,881,170. Applicant respectfully disagrees with such refusal and submits the
following arguments in support of its position.
Registration No. 2,306,891
As to the Examining Attorney's determination that a likelihood of confusion exists
between Applicant's mark JUMP TECHNOLOGY and U.S. registration no. 2,306,891 for the
mark JUMPTEC, Applicant notes that the JUMPTEC mark was registered on January 11, 2000,
and that the deadline for renewing such registration thus was January 11, 2010. According to the
Office's TESS and TARR databases, however, no request for renewal was filed in advance of the
deadline. Applicant understands that the six-month grace period for such a renewal filing will
conclude imminently.
Applicant also notes that significant differences exist between the marks JUMPTEC and
JUMP TECHNOLOGY and further notes the very significant differences between the parties'
goods, given that Applicant has not requested protection for its JUMP TECHNOLOGY mark for
use in connection with any of the goods in the cited mark, i.e., "computers, embedded PC boards,
electronic boards, [motherboards, CPUs, industrial PCs, LCD drivers, memory boards,] chip
disks [and flash disks]." Applicant thus respectfully requests removal of the refusal.
Applicant also notes the Examining Attorney's determination that a likelihood of
confusion may exist between Applicant's JUMP TECHNOLOGY mark and U.S. registration no.
2,881,170 for the mark JUMP TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (Stylized) and Design. The Office
may refuse registration under Section 2(d) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §1052(d) only after
considering "all of the known circumstances surrounding use of the mark," and then:
each case must be decided on its own facts. There is no litmus rule which can
provide a ready guide to all cases.
In re E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357, 1361 (C.C.P.A. 1973) ("du Pont").
The du Pont court of course listed a number of factors which should be considered, the
following of which are especially relevant to the current analysis: the similarity or dissimilarity
of the trademarks; the similarity or dissimilarity of the goods/services; the conditions under
which and buyers to whom sales are made, i.e. "impulse" vs. careful, sophisticated purchasing;
the number and nature of similar marks in use on similar goods; and the extent of potential
confusion, i.e., whether de minimis or substantial. Id. Here, careful consideration of these
factors leads to the conclusion that confusion is not likely.
1. The Marks Themselves Are Sufficiently Dissimilar That Confusion Is Unlikely
Applicant's mark is JUMP TECHNOLOGY, in standard characters with no design
element; the cited mark is JUMP TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, shown in stylized form and with
a distinctive three-circle-swirl design element. Visually, the largest portion of the cited mark is
the design element, and it also is the first portion of the mark seen by a person reading left to
right, as typically is done. After the three-circle-swirl design element, by far the most prominent
feature of the cited mark is the word JUMP,which is shown in bold text at least five times larger
than the remaining text, TECHNOLOGY SERVICES.
In contrast, Applicant's mark contains no design element, no stylization, and no emphasis
of one word over another.
In the cited mark, the words TECHNOLOGY SERVICES have been disclaimed, and
elsewhere in this response, Applicant has disclaimed the word TECHNOLOGY from its mark.
Nonetheless, "a disclaimed portion of a mark certainly cannot be ignored," as the Office Action
notes, and here, although the word SERVICES has been disclaimed from the cited mark, it
remains significant for the likelihood of confusion analysis. The cited mark claims protection
only for certain services, not for any goods, a fact emphasized by the presence of the word
SERVICES in the cited mark itself. Moreover, it would be at least incongruous and perhaps
even deceptively misdescriptive if registrant were to use its trademark in connection with the sale
of goods and not services. Notably, Applicant does not seek protection of its trademark in
connection with any services but instead only in connection with the sale and licensure of certain
goods. Thus, the disclaimed word SERVICES emphasizes an important difference between the
two marks and the parties' products.
The Office Action also notes that the word portion of a trademark typically is given
greater weight than a design portion when determining likelihood of confusion. Although
Applicant accepts the general relevance of that principle, Applicant suggests that here, the
relative weakness of the word "JUMP," which is the only non-disclaimed text in both
trademarks, makes the principle less applicable. That relative weakness is especially apparent in
the context of computer software, as the Principal Register contains at least 51 active
registrations and approved applications for trademarks which incorporate the word JUMP for use
in connection with computer software; see attached Exhibit A showing same.
Although the word JUMP is the dominant element of the textual portion of the two
trademarks, Applicant respectfully disagrees with the Examining Attorney's conclusion that
JUMP is the dominant element of the cited mark as a whole, which as noted, contains as its
largest, most visually-arresting element a distinctive design configuration.
Applicant also notes that its proposed JUMP TECHNOLOGY trademark is part of a
family of "JUMP" trademarks used by Applicant. Notably, Applicant's two other JUMP
trademarks both have received approval by the Office – see U.S. registration no. 3,715,782 for
the mark JUMPOINT (standard characters), registered November 24, 2009 and U.S. application
serial no. 77/243,484 for the mark JUMP (standard characters), published for opposition on
February 16, 2010. (Copies of the TESS and TARR records for each are attached as Exh. B.)
Applicant's approved JUMP application and registered JUMPOINT trademark contain goods
descriptions virtually identical to that contained in the instant application for the mark JUMP
TECHNOLOGY. Moreover, for neither the JUMP nor the JUMPOINT marks did the Office
raise the cited registration as creating a likelihood of confusion, and notably, the registrant did
not oppose registration of either mark.
Simply put, it is inconsistent for the Office to take the position that JUMP is registrable
but that JUMP TECHNOLOGY, for the same goods and with a disclaimer of the word
TECHNOLOGY, is not registrable. One could argue that in theory, the shared presence of the
additional, but disclaimed, word TECHNOLOGY in both Applicant's mark and the cited mark
somehow tilts the balance toward a finding of confusion, but that argument is undercut by the
additional presence of the word SERVICES (and the distinctive design element!) in the cited
Thus, these four factors – (i) the differences in sound, appearance and meaning of these
two trademarks, (ii) the significance of the additional word SERVICES in the cited mark,
(iii) the prevalence of "JUMP" trademarks in the software field, and (iv) the Office's past
practices with regard to Applicant's own JUMP and JUMPOINT trademarks – when taken in
combination, render the two trademarks not confusingly similar.
2. The Parties' Goods and Services Differ Greatly
As noted above, the Applicant claims protection only for goods, whereas the registrant
claims protection only for services. Although both parties' products fall within the large, general
category of being related to computer hardware and software, upon closer examination deep
differences reveal themselves.
Applicant's software goods are highly specialized – in effect, those goods permit remote
access to a user's computer for a variety of technical purposes. Similarly, the registrant's services
are highly specialized: "Custom development of applications software for others and consulting
services regarding servers and applications software." By definition, customization services are
specialized in that they respond to the particular needs or requests of another. Moreover, the
registrant notably has not claimed protection of its trademark for use in connection with software
itself, no doubt because each piece of application software it creates is an individualized, custom
creation. There is literally no overlap between Applicant's goods and registrant's services, which
serves to highlight the differences between Applicant's JUMP TECHNOLOGY mark and the
registrant's JUMP TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (Stylized) and Design mark (emphasis added),
further eliminating any likelihood of confusion.
3. The Conditions Under Which Sales Are Made Eliminate Any Possibility of Confusion
It is black-letter trademark law that when consumers have an opportunity to deliberate
over a proposed purchase, confusion is made much less likely. See Magnaflux Corp. v. Sonoflux
Corp., 231 F.2d 669, 109 U.S.P.Q. 313 (C.C.P.A. 1956) ("other things being equal, confusion is
less likely where goods are expensive and are purchased after careful consideration than where
they are purchased casually.")
Here, the registrant's claimed services are for "custom development" services for certain
types of software and for "consulting services regarding servers and applications software." It is
impossible to imagine that parties exposed to registrant's mark would be making an "impulse"
purchase of registrant's customized, consultation-intensive services – rather, this is the very
definition of careful, sophisticated purchasing envisioned in the du Pont decision. Similarly,
Applicant's remote desktop control software typically is licensed at significant expense by
sophisticated information technology managers and chief information officers and only after
intensive review of the very limited number of similar products in the marketplace. The specific
conditions under which these parties sell their products and services thus work to reduce any
possibility of confusion.
4. Any Potential Confusion is De Minimis
When the above-noted factors are considered in combination, it is apparent that
Applicant's mark is not confusingly similar to the cited mark. Any speculation that a buyer of
the specialized services associated with the cited mark also could be exposed to Applicant's
software product would be "based more on speculation than fact." In re Plantprint Co., 229
U.S.P.Q. 621, 624 (TTAB 1986). Confusion, if it exists at all, will be de minimis. Given the
totality of the evidence and arguments presented above, however, even such de minimis
confusion is extremely unlikely to occur, and Applicant thus respectfully requests that the subject
application be approved for publication.
« Ataii, Sohrab » AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL GROUP, INC.


text:
Q: Midpoint displacement algorithm in c++(make hight map for tank like scorched earth) Midpoint displacement algorithm in c++(make height map for tank-like scorched earth)
Now, the problem is that I can't get it to work properly. What can I do?
Here is what I get when it is executed.
Result:

Expected:

Note that the screen y-axis is in SDL2 from up to down 0 is up 1000 +- is down
Before the function I have the initializing variables:
std::vector<int> points(g_SCREEN_WIDTH);
    // Gives us a power of 2 based on our width

double Displacement = 100;       //diplacment 1 to 1000
double roughness = 2500;   //between 1 to 500000 more smoother
double itrations = g_SCREEN_WIDTH;
float range = 2;
bool parlien = 0, onlyOne =0;

srand(time(NULL));

int choose;

choose = rand() % 3 + 1;
switch (choose) {
case 1: {Displacement = rand() % g_SCREEN_HEIGHT; break; }
case 2: {Displacement = g_SCREEN_HEIGHT; break; }
case 3: {Displacement = rand(); break; }
}

choose = rand() % 5 + 1;

switch (choose) {
case 1: {roughness = rand() % 250 + 50; break; }
case 2: {roughness = rand() % 500 + 250; break; }
case 3: {roughness = rand() % 2500 + 500; break; }
case 4: {roughness = rand() % 5000 + 2500; break; }
case 5: {roughness = rand() % 50000 + 5000; break; }
        break;
}

choose = rand() % 4 + 1;
switch (choose) {
case 1: {itrations = rand() % 64 + 1; break; }
case 2: {itrations = rand() % 150 + 64; break; }
case 3: {itrations = rand() % 265 + 150; break; }
case 4: {itrations = rand() % 1024 + 265; break; }
        break;
}

//itrations = 12;
int mountents;
mountents = rand() % 3;
//itrations = 16;

// mountents = 1;

// first initializing for the points
{
    int y = rand() %(int)Displacement;
    points.at(0) = y;
    y = rand() %(int)Displacement;
    points.at(g_SCREEN_WIDTH - 1) = y;
}

//parlien = 0;

Displacement = (g_SCREEN_HEIGHT/8);  //more its little it  smother
roughness = 0.5;        //more its little it going up
itrations = 256;

std::cout << "Displacement:" << Displacement << "\n";
std::cout << "roughness:" << roughness << "\n";
std::cout << "itrations:" << itrations << "\n";
std::cout << " g_SCREEN_WIDTH:" << g_SCREEN_WIDTH << "\n";

here is the function
int func(double left, double right,std::vector<int> *points, double roughness, double segmnets, double Displacement, double itrations,int mountents,float range)
{
    double mid=(left+right)/2;  //it gets the midpoint of the segment we get here
    if (Displacement <= 1) Displacement = 1;
    //std::cout << "Displacement:" << Displacement << "\n";

    int y;

    if (range < 1) range = 1;
    if (mid <= 1) return 1;
    if (segmnets > itrations - 1) return 1;
    if (segmnets >= g_SCREEN_WIDTH) return 1;

    int Choose;

    y = -1;
    int cnt = 0;
    while (y<25 || y>g_SCREEN_HEIGHT)
    {
        y = ((points->at(left) + points->at(right)) / 2);
        float r = static_cast <float> (rand()) / static_cast <float> (RAND_MAX);
        y = y + Displacement * r;
        y = abs(y);
            y= ::g_SCREEN_HEIGHT - y;
            cnt++;
            if (cnt > 2) { std::cout << "cnt++:" << "\n"; y = rand() % (int)Displacement; break; }
    }

    if (y < 25) y = 25;
    if (y > g_SCREEN_HEIGHT) y = g_SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1;

    left= mid / 2;
    right = mid + (mid / 2);

    if (mid > 0 && mid < g_SCREEN_WIDTH)
    {
        points->at(mid) = y;

    }

    Displacement /= 2;

        func(0,mid, points, roughness, segmnets * 2, Displacement, itrations, mountents,range);

        //for the rigths
        func(mid, g_SCREEN_WIDTH-1, points, roughness, segmnets * 2, Displacement, itrations, mountents,range);

}