During the Board held on August 28, 2015, the SB adopted Determination n. 15/2015 which postpones the deadline for the conclusion of Complaint S01/15 "Wind / Troubles encountered during the migration toward the New Delivery Process", started on July 14 2015 with Resolution n. 14/2015.
During the Board held on July 14 2015, the Supervisory Board started, with Determination n. 12/2015 a new complaint based on Wind reporting about troubles encountered during the migration toward the New Delivery Process.
With Determination n. 13/2015 the Quarterly Report for the period April-June 2015 was approved.
During the meeting held on April 16th 2015, the Supervisory Board adopted Determination n. 9/2015, which closes the Complaint "S03/2013 - Welcome Italia/Physical deterioration of lines and fruitless service interventions, SLA compliance and size of penalties". The Board also adopted Determination n. 10/2015, which approves the Quarterly Report for the first Quarter of 2015.
During the meeting held on February 19th 2015, the Supervisory Board adopted Determination n. 4/2015, which approved the 2015 Activities Plan and the main intervention planned. The Board also adopted Determinations n. 5/2015 and n. 6/2015, which approve the results reached with the Telecom Italia data certification project and plan the same activity for 2015 too, and Determination n. 7/2015, which approves the Quarterly Report for the fourth Quarter of 2014.
During the meeting held on January 14th 2015, the Supervisory Board approved, with the Resolution no. 1/2015, the 2015 Budget. With Resolutions no. 2/2015, the Board approved the work done in 2014. It then launched the same kind of task for 2015 by adopting Resolution n. 3/2015.
Seminar held on January, 14th on "Equivalence of Access in the Next Generation Networks"
On January 14th, the Supervisory Board organized a seminar on "Equivalence of Access in the Next Generation Networks". The event has taken place at AGCom headquarter in Rome.
The event has been introduced by Angelo Cardani, AGCom Chairman, and Antonio Sassano, Chairman of the Supervisory Board. Scott Marcus, independent expert, Fàtima Barros, ANACOM Chairman and BEREC Chair for 2015, and Marc Bourreau, Professor of Economics at Telecom ParisTech, gave their contributions. A specific view on the Italian situation was illustrated by Antonio Preto, AGCom Commissioner for Infrastructures and Networks, and Salvatore Rebecchini, Commissioner of the Italian Antitrust Authority.
Michele Polo, Member of the Supervisory Board, concluded the meeting.
During the meeting held on 15th December 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted the Resolution n. 20/2014 which postponed the deadline for the conclusion of the investigation on Welcome Italia "Complaint no. S03.2103 / Physical deterioration of lines, fruitless service interventions, SLA compliance and definition of penalties". The new deadline is June 30th, 2015.
On December, 5th the Supervisory Board approved the Resolution no. 19/2014 which postpones to June, 30th 2015 the deadline for the conclusion of the KOs Analysis, started with Resolution no. 26/2013 and no. 9/2014, to verify the respect of the equality of treatment principle.
During the meeting held on 28 October 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted Resolution n. 16/2014 which approved the Quarterly Report for the Third Quarter of the year, and Resolution n. 17/2014, which closes the monitoring activities on the KOs due to equipments. It also approved Resolution n. 18/2014, which starts the project which aim at identifying Key Performance Objectives.
During the meeting held on 26 August 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted Resolution n. 13/2014 which approved the Quarterly Report for the Second Quarter of the year, and Resolution n. 14/2014 which fixed a new deadline for the Complaint S02/2013 – Fastweb/Malfunctioning of Wholesale CRM.
During the meeting held on 11 June 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted the Resolution n. 12/2014 which postponed the deadline for the conclusion of the investigation on Welcome Italia "Complaint no. S03.2103 / Physical deterioration of lines, fruitless service interventions, SLA compliance and definition of penalties".
During the Board meeting held on March 13, 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted Resolution n. 8/2014 which approved the Annual Report 2014 on the activities carried out and the results achieved in 2013. During the same meeting, the Council adopted the Resolution n. 9/2014 which starts the KO analysis for 2014. Lastly, the Board approved the Resolution n. 10/2014 wich approves the new complaints handling procedures.
During the meeting held on February 13th 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted Determinations n .3/2014 and n. 4/2014, which close the 2013 monitoring activity on the New Delivery Process, and plan the same activity for 2014. The Board also adopted Determinations n. 5/2014 and n. 6/2014, which approve the results reached with the Telecom Italia data certification project and plan the same activity for 2014 too, and Determination n. 7/2014, which fixes a new deadline for the inquiry on Complaint S03/13 - Physical deterioration of lines and fruitless service interventions, SLA compliance and size of penalties.
During the meeting held on January 28th 2014, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination n. 1/2014, which approved the 2014 Activities Plan and the main intervention planned.
During the same meeting, the Board adopted the Determination n. 2/2014, which approved the Quarterly Report in respect of the fourth quarter 2014, according to AGCom resolution no. 718/08/CONS.
During the meeting held on December 9th 2013, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination n. 25/2013, which closes the Complaint S01/13 "Fastweb/Network access discrimination in the installation of LLU and Bitstream systems", and expresses recommendations on Telecom Italia. On the same day, Determination n. 26/2013, which starts a monitoring activity on the KOs opposed to OLOs Work Orders in order to verify the respect of non discrimination principle, and Determination n. 28/2013, which starts another analysis on the refusal opposed to OLOs ULL requests due to the presence of equipment for multiplexing in the network, were adopted. Determination n. 29/2013 settle a new expiry date for Complaint S02/13 - Fastweb/Malfunctions of the CRM system for Wholesale customers".
During the meeting held on 11 November 2013, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination n. 22/2013 , which approved the Quarterly Report for the third quarter 2013. During the same meeting the Board also adopted the Determination n. 23/2013 which settle a new expiry date for the Complaint S03/13 - Welcome Italia/Physical deterioration of lines and fruitless service interventions, SLA compliance and size of penalties.
The Supervisory Board approved during the October meeting the Determination n. 21/2013 which starts a specific monitoring activity on certain Key Performance Indicators of the Undertakings Group no. 4. This analysis follows the similar monitoring activity carried out in 2011 on certain KPIs.
During the meeting held on 16 October 2013, the Supervisory Board approved, with Resolution n. 19/2013, an extension of the expiry date for Complaint no. S02/13 on a series of malfunctions in the CRM system used by OLOs, and with Resolution n. 20/2013 an extension of the expiry date for Complaint no. S01/13 on alleged network access discrimination in the installation of LLU and Bitstream systems.
During the meeting held on 11 September 2013, the Supervisory Board approved, with Resolution n. 18/2013, the Preliminary Statement on Complaint no. S01/2013, according to art. 14 of the Board regulation.
During the meeting held on August, 29th 2013, the Supervisory Board approved Resolution n. 16/2013, which approved the Quarterly Report and Resolution n. 17/2013 which postponed the expiry date for Complaint S03/2013 on alleged deteriorations of physical accesses presented by the Operator Welcome Italia.
The Supervisory Board adopted, in the course of the meeting held on June, 19th, Resolutions number 14/2013 and Resolutions number 15/2013, which extended the investigation time for Complaints number S01/2013 (started with Resolution number 5/2013, and related to alleged breach by Telecom Italia of the equality of treatment principle in handling OLO Work Orders) and S02/2013 (started with Resolution number 6/2013 regarding alleged faults of Telecom Italia CRM system dedicated to OLOs).
The Supervisory Board approved, in the course of the meeting held on May, 9th, the Plan of the activities for the year 2013.
During the Board meeting held on 23 April 2013, the Supervisory Board adopted Resolution no. 10/2013 by which it was launched a Public consultation, addressed to Operators, about proposed changes to the complaints handling process.
In the light of the experience gained so far over the years (the current procedure that regulates the process was approved in 2009 with the Resolution no. 2), the Supervisory Board has recognized the need to change the procedure for dealing with reports and complaints with the objective of better guarantees the participation all stakeholders and, more generally, simplifying and providing the utmost transparency in the activities appraisals.
The Supervisory Board adopted during its meeting held on April, 23rd the Determinations n. 9/2013, which opens the Complaints S03/2013 following alleged deteriorations of physical accesses presented by the Operator Welcome Italia.
The Supervisory Board adopted during its meeting held on March, 13th the Determinations n. 5/2013 and Determinations n. 6/2013, which starts verification activities on the Complaints Nos. S01/2013 and Nos. S02/2013 presented by the Operator Fastweb, and related to alleged breach of the equality of treatment principle by Telecom Italia as far as the handling of OLO Work Orders and faults of CRM system are concerned; in the course of the same meeting, the Board approved also the 2013 Annual Report.
The Supervisory Board adopted during its meeting held on February, 20th the Determination n. 3/2013, which starts the inquiries activities on Telecom Italia Single Queue system for 2013, and the Determination n. 4/2013, which closes the monitoring activity on the data used for the calculation of the performance indicators.
The Supervisory Board, tasked with monitoring the compliance with the Undertakings adopted, and ensuring equality of treatment in accessing to the fixed network of Telecom Italia, continues its operations.
Since December 1st, 2012 the new Board, which succeeds to the one chaired by Giulio Napolitano, started working. It is composed of three members which term of office ends on 30 November 2015.
New President is Professor Antonio Sassano, designated by the Italian National Regulatory Authority AGCom, and appointed by Telecom Italia. The other members of the Board are Marco Lamandini (indicated by the Authority) and Michele Polo (indicated by Telecom Italia).
Few days before the expiry terms of the mandate of the Supervisory Board, the Italian National Regulatory Authority for Communications (AGCom), chaired by Angelo Marcello Cardani, heard the Supervisory Board at a hearing on September, 19th 2012. During the hearing, the Supervisory Board outlined the actions carried out during the three years activity, the main results achieved and the expected future development as far as the issue of the equality of treatment in the access to the Telecom Italia network is concerned. The members of the Board received the thanks expressed by President Cardani and Commissioners of the Authority for the work done and contribution provided during the three years mandate.
In the course of the meeting held on June 18th, 2012, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination no. 13/2012, which started the inquiry activities about alleged technical troubles to the bitstream services sent by the Operator Welcome Italia. With the Determination n. 16/2012, adopted during the meeting of 1 August, the Supervisory Board closed the complaint, not finding any breach of the Undertakings.
The Supervisory Board adopted the Determination no. 12/2012, which started the monitoring activities on the new Work Orders management system as foreseen by the Undertakings Group n. 1 (New Delivery Process). With the Determination n. 17/2012, adopted during the meeting of 1 August, the Supervisory Board reports the positive results of the analysis conducted by the Supervisory Office.
During the meeting of May 3rd 2012, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination no. 11/2012, containing recommendations in order to ensure full compliance of the Technical Plans for the Development of the Fixed Access Network (Undertakings group n. 6) with the principle of transparency.
Program of the convention on "Network governance and digital agenda" during which the 2012 Annual Report of the Supervisory Board will be presented - Rome, Palazzo Barberini, 20 marzo 2012.
During the 8 February 2012 meeting, the Supervisory Board approved, with the Determination n. 4/2012 the Technical Report of the Supervisory Office which closes the monitoring activity conducted in order to validate the mechanism for extracting data used for calculating the KPIs provided for by the Undertakings Groups no. 3 and 4. This analysis started with the Determination n. 4/2011.
During the same meeting, the Supervisory Board has also adopted the Determination no. 5/2012 which concludes the supervisory activities carried out on certain performance indicators: with this Determination, the Supervisory Board has approved the Technical Report of the Supervisory Office, from which no critical points about the values recorded on examined KPIs emerged..
On 18 January 2012, the Supervisory Board started with Resolution n. 3/2012, the analysis about the potential application of the Undertakings to the NGAN after the AGCom Resolution n. 1/12/CONS which outlines the NGAN regulatory framework.
Conclusion of the project "Retail KOs analysis"
With Determination n. 26/2011 the Supervisory Board approved the results of the analysis of the causes of rejection of KOs in relation to the offer of Telecom Italia Retail services. The Board decided to carry on monitoring the issue in order to get more information apt to better formulate a final evaluation. The analysis started with Determination n. 5/2011.
The Operator Fastweb requested some data held by Telecom Italia Wholesale division for jurisdictional action and protection purposes; the Supervisory Board started first a monitoring activity with (Resolution n. 23/2011), and consequently open on December 19th 2011 the Complaint SO2/2011 with (Resolution n. 27/2011). On 18 January 2012, the deadline for the investigation was postponed with (Resolution n. 2/2012). The Supervisory Board closed with Determination n. 6/2012 the complaint, not having found any breach of the Undertakings.
With Resolution n. 8/2011 , the Supervisory Board started a supervision activity on the New Delivery Process. On 14 December 2011, with Resolution n. 25/2011, the Supervisory Board approved the results of the investigation, asking the Supervisory Office to bring forward further investigations on the actual application of the new process.
The Supervisory Body adopted on September 13, 2011, the Determination n. 19/2011 which closes the monitoring activities on the frequent rescheduling of the intervention dates for the reopening of the saturated Telecom Italia exchanges. The Supervisory Board appreciates the activation by Telecom Italia of the new information practices, as required by the Board itself.
On July 5th, 2011, the Supervisory Board approved the launch of an investigation on the key performance indicators referred to in the Undertakings Group number 4. In particular, the investigation is relative to a request for information on the KPI that measures the average processing time for the delivery for the business segment and the indicator showing the number of ADSL failures repeated within 30 days after the repair.
At the May, 3rd 2011 meeting, the Supervisory Board adopted the Determination n. 13/2011 which fixes new terms for the conclusion of the investigation on the complaint n. S01/2011 submitted by the operator Welcome Italia related to saturation problems with reference to the bitstream services.
During the same meeting, the Supervisory Board approved the Quarterly Report on the activities and results referred to the Ist Q 2011 and adopted recommendations on the switches saturation pre-warning system.
The Supervisory Board approved new Determinations regarding a request of information about miniDSLAM devices management, DSLAM desaturation policy and the New Delivery Process state of the art.
The Supervisory Board started its verification activities on the complaint submitted by the Operator Welcome Italia asserting technical troubles to the bitstream services due to alleged exchanges saturation problems.
During the meeting held on March, 10th 2011 the expiry date for the preliminary investigation has been postponed of 30 days.
The Supervisory Board decided to start the monitoring activities on the basic data used to compute the indicators (KPI) set by the Undertakings Group nos. 3 and 4.
The Supervisory Board started the analysis of the reasons behind the work orders refusals (known as KO) with reference to Telecom Italia Retail services.
During the January 18th 2011 meeting, the Supervisory Board approved with the Determination n. 1/2011 the Activity Plan for the year 2011.
With the Determination No. 23/2010 dated December, 15th 2010, the Supervisory Board approved, according to the Undertakings Group No. 2, the request for access to information and documents acquired by the Italian Antitrust Authority at Telecom Italia offices within the proceeding No. A426, in order to verify the possible existence of information asymmetries to the detriment of the alternative operators, in occasion of tenders for the award of electronic communications services.
With reference to the activation requests put forward by the other licensed operators and rejected by Telecom Italia (so called KO), the Supervisory Board adopted on December 15th 2010 the Determination n. 22/2010; with this Determination, the Board recommended to Telecom Italia interventions in order to make the delivery process more efficient and to guarantee to the OLOs a higher transparency level and an improvement of the equality of access conditions. The decision has been taken as outcome of the Final Report of the KOs Analysis project approved on the same day.
In the Supervisory Board meeting held on November, 23rd 2010, two Determinations related to the verification activities about Telecom Italia fulfilment of the Undertakings Group n. 5 "Guarantees of transparency of technical plans for the quality of the fixed access network" were adopted: the Determination n. 19/2010 approved the Technical Report on the state of the art about the implementation of the switches saturation pre-warning system and the monitoring activity on the information published on the Wholesale website; with the Determination n. 20/2010 the Supervisory Board adopted the Technical Report about the actual situation of the monitoring activities regarding this Undertakings Group.
With the Determination n. 21/2010 dated November, 23rd 2010, the Supervisory Board, implementing the KOs Analysis Project (Determination n. 14/2010) approved the request of access to Telecom Italia information and documents acquired by the Antitrust Authority with reference to the proceeding n. A428; the proceeding concerned an alleged abuse of dominant position related, inter alia, the refusal by Telecom Italia of the work orders submitted by the alternative operators to acquire new customers (so called KOs).
The Supervisory Board adopted on July, 21st 2010 the Resolution n. 14/2010, which approves the methodological note which describes the analysis process of the data got from Telecom Italia "Datawarehouse Esiti", related to the OLOs job orders of wholesale services. It has been implemented according to the "KO Analysis" project, which aims at understanding the reasons behind Telecom Italia's denials to the OLOs requests (so called "KO").
The Supervisory Board closed with the Determination n. 13/2010 the Complaint S02/2010, which was open upon request of Wind, Bt, Fastweb, Tiscali and Vodafone, which complained alleged information gaps with reference to the Technical Plans for the development of the fixed access network (Undertakings Group n. 6).
1- Code of Practice, adopted according to the Undertakings Group Number 2 of the AGCom Resolution Number 718/08/CONS, aimed at guarantee the respect of the principle of equality of treatment.
2 - Code of Conduct for the confidentiality of data relating to OLO,	adopted according to the AGCom Resolution Number 152/02/CONS.


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New Trustees Join TMA Foundation Board
The Texas Medical Association Foundation (TMAF) announces six new appointments to the TMAF Board of Trustees. Three physicians, two medical students, and a community leader will attend their first board meeting this week at the Texas Medical Association (TMA) Fall Conference. TMAF is the philanthropic arm of TMA, the nation's largest state medical society.
TMAF supports statewide and local initiatives that focus on disease prevention and healthier lifestyles, and increasing access to health care. Long-standing programs the foundation funds include TMA's Be Wise – ImmunizeSM, a program to provide vaccinations and increase awareness that vaccines are safe and effective, and the Hard Hats for Little Heads bicycle helmet giveaway program to prevent head injury among Texas youth. TMA Foundation also supports other health improvement programs such as Walk With a Doc Texas, part of an international grassroots movement devoted to encouraging healthy physical activity and strengthening patient-physician relationships, as well as programs to grow the physician workforce.
Madeline Hanes, a second-year student at The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, was appointed to serve a two-year term as a TMA Medical Student Section representative on the TMAF board. Ms. Hanes is a delegate to TMA's Medical Student Section and serves as a volunteer with Dell Medical School's Be Wise – Immunize and Hard Hats for Little Heads community projects. Ms. Hanes is a member of the Travis County Medical Society.
Sunshine H. Moore, the immediate past president of the TMA Alliance (TMAA) advocacy and service organization, was appointed to serve her first three-year term on the TMAF board. She has also represented TMAA on TMA's Council on Health Promotion and Council on Science and Public Health, and participated in TEXPAC, TMA's political action committee. She is married to Jacob J. Moore, MD, a Corpus Christi ophthalmologist and TMA member. Ms. Moore is a member and past president of the Nueces County Medical Society Alliance.
Justin Bishop, MD, a medical resident in physical medicine and rehabilitation at Baylor College of Medicine in Dallas, was appointed to serve a one-year term on the TMAF board. Dr. Bishop, a 2014 TMA Medical Student Section Student of the Year award winner, previously served on the TMA Board of Trustees as a representative of the TMA Medical Student Section and the TMA Resident and Fellow Section. He also serves on the TMA Board of Councilors, the association's ethical policymaking body. Dr. Bishop is a member of the Dallas County Medical Society.
Kim M. Rice, MD, a Dallas nephrologist in practice for 21 years, was appointed to serve her first three-year term on the TMAF board. Dr. Rice served as a member of the TMA House of Delegates, TMA's policymaking body, from 2012 to 2014 and is affiliated with Dallas Nephrology Associates. Dr. Rice is a member of the Dallas County Medical Society and a past member of its board of directors.
Clifford K. Moy, MD, Houston, a psychiatrist in practice for 30 years, was appointed to serve his first three-year term on the TMAF board. Dr. Moy is a former speaker of the TMA House of Delegates, TMA's policymaking body. He currently serves on the board of directors for TEXPAC, TMA's political action committee. Dr. Moy is the behavioral health medical director at TMF Health Quality Institute, based in Austin. Dr. Moy is a member of the Harris County Medical Society.
Christian Beltran, a fourth-year student at Texas A&M University (TAMU) College of Medicine, was appointed to serve a two-year term as a TMA Medical Student Section representative on the TMAF board. Mr. Beltran has served as a student volunteer with TAMU medical school's Hard Hats for Little Heads community project. He also served as a TMA student chapter vice president at the TAMU medical school. Mr. Beltran is a member of the Brazos-Robertson County Medical Society.
TMA is the largest state medical society in the nation, representing nearly 53,000 physician and medical student members. It is located in Austin and has 110 component county medical societies around the state. TMA's key objective since 1853 is to improve the health of all Texans. The TMA Foundation raises funds to support the population health, science, and quality-of-care priority initiatives of TMA and the family of medicine.
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Stewart Named New Leader of TMA Lobby Team
The Texas Medical Association (TMA) has named lobbyist Clayton K. Stewart as its new vice president of public affairs-chief lobbyist. Mr. Stewart begins his new position leading TMA's lobby team immediately. His predecessor, Dan Finch, is retiring at the end of 2021 after serving two years in the role and capping a decades-long career of service to Texas physicians and patients. Read More
Houston Neurologist Bestowed TMA's Highest Honor
AUSTIN – About 70 years after he first had the inkling to become a physician, the Texas Medical Association (TMA) has honored 75-year-old William H. Fleming III, MD, with its Distinguished Service Award. Read More
TMA Installs Valley Physician as 156th President
The Texas Medical Association (TMA) today installed Edinburg internist E. Linda Villarreal, MD, as president. She will lead the association for one year, after having served the past year as president-elect. Read More
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Effects of Immigration on Wages
Apart from legal immigrants holding jobs in almost all industries of the United States, there are ten to twenty million illegal immigrants holding approximately twelve to fifteen million jobs in the country. In other words, illegal immigrants represent around eight percent of the U. S. work force today. Between four to six million jobs held by illegal immigrants are serving the underground economy. The United States is foregoing around thirty five billion dollars each year in income tax collections because of such jobs.
What is more, the government of the United States does not seem to be taking very strict action against illegal immigrants and their means of livelihood as it is understood to be hooked on inexpensive, illegal labor, while deferring costs of the provision of public services to them (Justich and Ng 2005, p. 2). Of course, domestic workers of the United States do not agree with this stance of the government.
After all, increasing supplies of immigrant workers lower the real wages of native-born workers if immigrant workers are not highly skilled enough to inspire domestic workers to attain necessary skills to compete so as to increase their wages. Undoubtedly, illegal immigrants are contributing tremendously to the economy of the United States. These people often take up less-skilled jobs, and their wages are lower than those of the U. S-born laborers.
Furthermore, studies have shown that when the United States tightens border control thereby making it more difficult than before for illegal immigrants to enter the country, the economic growth of the nation turns into economic sluggishness. As an example, a drop in the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico in early 2001 coincided with the onset of a recession in March 2001 (Orrenius 2004). Research has also revealed that between the year 2000 and 2005, employment of U. S workers between the ages, 16-34, was drastically reduced, even as the number of legal and illegal immigrants in the nation dramatically increased.
The total number of native-born males and females between the ages, 16-34, also rose during this period. However, these native-born individuals could not find jobs, seeing that the immigrants had taken up jobs in the United States by the millions (Howell 2007). Thus, immigration seems to have a negative impact on the U. S. worker when he or she cannot find employment. Immigrants are known to settle for lower wages, so therefore companies across the United States cut costs and raise revenues by hiring foreign-born workers. Immigrant workers from developing countries continue to be attracted to the United States.
Settling for low wages in the U. S. is completely acceptable to them, seeing that wage levels in their own countries are typically lower than the lowest wage rate in the country still referred to as the superpower in the twenty first century. By coming to the United States in great numbers, thereby increasing the supply of labor, undocumented immigrants reduce the real wage rate in the U. S. in any case. This reduces opportunities for native-born workers to find jobs that would satisfy them in terms of earnings. The legal immigrant worker, on the other hand, is welcomed by the U. S. economy on the basis of his or her superior skills.
The U. S. continues to naturalize skilled foreign-born individuals who are expected to contribute to economic growth (Messerli 2008). Domestic workers that do not learn the skills that the legal immigrant worker possesses are at a loss in the face of this immigration flow. After all, native-born workers would have to settle for low paying jobs if they do not possess the skills that the immigrant worker had learned before entering the United States. Studies have further shown a drastic reduction in recent years in the number of African Americans who were previously performing low skilled jobs.
Because undocumented immigrants demand lower wages than the native-born population of the United States – both white as well as African – all native-born workers of the U. S. seem to be equally affected by immigration (Belsie). Furthermore, the native-born U. S. worker must now face two different types of competition. As mentioned previously, the U. S. worker must learn the skills that the foreign-born workers have learned in their home countries in order to hold higher paying jobs. Secondly, the U. S. worker is presently compelled to demand a wage rate that is lower than the wage rate demanded by immigrants.
All those who are willing to be paid as little as possible are bound to get jobs. The U. S. worker is therefore forced to choose between a life of unemployment and employment that pays little. Of course, the foreign-born worker is at least partly responsible for controlling inflation by demanding low wages. The U. S. worker may benefit from low inflation induced by the demand for lower wages made by the illegal immigrant. All the same, by making a large number of U. S. workers lose their jobs, immigration is expected to raise the poverty level in the United States.
The most significantly affected persons in this scenario would be the U. S. workers, of course. Nevertheless, the government of the United States continues to believe that since native-born workers are not available in sufficient numbers in a variety of industries, e. g. farming, immigrants are a blessing for the economy. Moreover, the government claims that domestic workers and foreign workers do not truly compete. This is because the native-born worker is generally unwilling to perform many kinds of work, e. g. farm work, even if he or she is offered higher wages (Johnson 2006).
Domestic workers have greater opportunities to find satisfying work, so therefore they tend to apply for prestigious as well as stable and less strenuous jobs as opposed to farming (Kind of Work 2004). Thus, many have claimed that foreign workers, especially from low wage countries, are indispensable to the farming community of the United States (Johnson). Without these workers, consumer prices in the United States would rise, forcing the nation to increase its exports of agricultural products and close down the domestic farming industry in the end.
Despite the claim of the government that the foreign-born worker does not threaten the employment of the native-born worker, statistics reveal that 1. 7 million young native-born workers lost their jobs at a time when the country allowed in 4. 1 million new immigrants – both legal as well as illegal (Entrants Hurt 2006). Thus, the impact of immigration on the native-born worker seems to be substantial enough to call for policy change. Hipic immigrants – both legal and illegal – are known to be taking up jobs previously held by African Americans (Belsie).
All native-born workers of the United States seem to be equally affected by the onrush of immigrants in recent years. Perhaps, therefore, it is time for the government to consider the negative aspects of immigration on the U. S. economy to boot. At present, the immigrants are known to be aiding the U. S. economy. However, the economy is bound to reach a point where it will not be possible for the U. S. industry to continue lowering wages. Besides, poverty faced by the U. S. worker as he loses his or her job to a foreign worker is an issue that would have to be addressed. The government would have to increase its spending on the U.
S. workers in that case. As it is, spending in the United States has been high enough to create a huge budget deficit. By allowing more foreigners to live and work in the nation, the U. S. is not expected to reduce its spending. Rather, the government needs to apply stringent rules to reduce the number of illegal immigrants at present and in future. If the U. S. government decides to tackle the problem of illegal immigration in the present, the U. S. worker who has lost his or her job to a foreign worker would regain employment. The standards of living of U. S. workers can be maintained at decent levels thus.
Furthermore, although the U. S. economy is said to be hooked on inexpensive labor at present, it is bound to achieve a balance in wages as a result of a new policy on immigration that reduces the number of illegal immigrants in particular. As far as legal immigrants are concerned, their presence in the nation is bound to increase the skills of the U. S. workers, as the latter are presented with competing workers from foreign nations who were admitted into the U. S. on the basis of their superior skills. These workers are irreplaceable as they increase efficiency of U. S. workers.
Once the United States has managed to raise the level of skills as well as efficiency of the native-born workers, the government may decide to reduce the number of legal immigrants too. This would provide further assistance to the U. S. worker, while helping to reduce spending and the budget deficit of the United States. Most importantly, the native-born worker of the United States would be able to earn higher wages if this happens, not only because he or she would have acquired more skills and increased in efficiency through competition with immigrants, but also because there would be fewer immigrants to compete with.
Thus, immigration both lowers and increases wages, depending on whether immigrants are legal or undocumented. REFERENCES Belsie, L, 'Effects of Immigration on African-American Employment and Incarceration' article in National Bureau of Economic Research available at http://www. nber. org/cgi- bin/printit? uri=/digest/may07/w12518. html. Entrants Hurt 2006: 'Entrants Hurt Low-Skill Men, Study Shows' article in The Arizona Daily Star (28 Nov 2006) available at http://www. jobbankusa. com/News/Employment/entrants_hurt_low-skill_men. html. Howell, DR 2007, 'Do Surges in Less-Skilled Immigration Have Important Wage Effects?
' article in Border Battles (8 Mar 2007) available at http://borderbattles. ssrc. org/Howell/. Johnson, B 2006, 'The Need for a Fundamental Rethinking of Immigration Policy' article in Immigration Policy Center (12 Jul 2006) available at http://immigration. server263. com/index. php? content=t20060712. Justich, R, and Ng, B 2005, 'The Underground Labor Force is Rising to the Surface' article in Bear Stearns Asset Management (3 Jan 2005) available at http://www. bearstearns. com/bscportal/pdfs/underground. pdf. Kind of Work 2004: 'What Kind of Work Do Immigrants Do?
' article in Migration Policy Institute (21 Jan 2004) available at http://www. migrationpolicy. org/pubs/Foreign%20Born%20Occup%20and%20Industry%20in%20the%20US. pdf. Orrenius, PM 2004, 'U. S. Immigration and Economic Growth: Putting Policy on Hold' article in Southwest Economy (Nov-Dec 2004), Issue 6, available at http://www. dallasfed. org/research/swe/2003/swe0306a. html. Messerli, J 2008, 'Should America Maintain/Increase the Level of Legal Immigration' article in Balanced Politics (8 Nov 2008) available at http://www. balancedpolitics. org/immigration. htm.


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Analogous Facts
Facts related to "Analogous"
Today I learned of Kanako, a chimpanzee with trisomy of chromosome 22 - analogous to Down syndrome in humans link.springer.com/article…
👤 u/Bbrhuft
An "epizootic" is a disease event in an animal population that's analogous to an epidemic in humans. An epizootic can be restricted to a specific locale (an "outbreak") or widespread (a "panzootic"). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epi…
👤 u/jcd1974
The International Potato Center has successfully grown potatoes in a simulated Mars environment. They grew the plants in a CubeSat which mimicked the Martian air pressure and atmosphere, and used saline desert soils analogous to Martian soils as the growing medium. cipotato.org/blog/indicat…
👤 u/Real_Carl_Ramirez
Some Icelanders claim to believe in the hidden people — called huldufólk — and a few even claim to have seen them. They are analogous to elves, but are often considered separate. This is an ancient Icelandic belief and most Icelanders respect the tradition. en.wikivoyage.org/w/index…
👤 u/peterbartalos
The architecture of a Convolutional Neural Network is analogous to that of the connectivity pattern of Neurons in the Human Brain and was inspired by the organization of the Visual Cortex towardsdatascience.com/a-…
👍 5
👤 u/vannybros
📅 Feb 01 2020
Canada has no statute of limitations for prosecuting indictable crimes (serious crimes, analogous to felonies in the US) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta…
👤 u/314159265358979326
📅 Mar 05 2019
Water flow and electricity are analogous to each other. Voltage = water pressure, Amperage = flow rate of water learn.sparkfun.com/tutori…
👤 u/bnblazer
Isaac Newton believed colors of the rainbow were analogous to notes on the 7note musical scale. In his diagrams of colors and equivalent notes, he added orange & indigo as half steps on the scale. Its unclear if those colors had been observed or if Newton added them to better fit his analogy. the-scientist.com/?articl…
👤 u/pixiecut678
📅 Jun 18 2017
The distance between local stars in our galaxy is analogous to two grains of sand over 30 miles apart. physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-m…
👤 u/mistersensation
📅 Jan 04 2012
Today I learned of Mokele-mbembe, a legendary water-dwelling creature of Congo River basin folklore, loosely analogous to the Loch Ness Monster in Western culture. It is claimed to be a sauropod by some cryptozoologists. bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-1…
👤 u/JenkmeisterJ
A supershear earthquake is "'when the slipping part of the fault moves faster than the shear-wave velocity'...'It's analogous to supersonic.You get a sonic boom.'" P waves go "6 kilometers per second [kps]""through solids and liquids." S (shear) waves "do not propagate in liquids" and go 3.5 kps news.stanford.edu/pr/2005…
👤 u/trot-trot
The Mayan calendar is never going to end. 2012 simply represents a rollover analogous to millennium year for us, and the Mayans would've celebrated it. tulane.edu/news/newwave/0…
👤 u/RichardWang
📅 May 10 2012
The fissile ball ("pit", analogous to that of fruit) that fuels modern nuclear weapons is just 10cm (4in) in diameter. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit…
👤 u/circle_square_leaf
The word 'meme' was coined by British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins to illustrate the theory that ideas are viral phenomenons that may evolve by natural selection in a manner analogous to that of biological evolution, or viruses. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem…
👤 u/ohohb
Coffee beans are placed next to perfume samples because their aroma helps to remove lingering aroma particles from your scent receptors. This is analogous to "cleansing one's palate". bellasugar.com/Why-Do-We-…
👤 u/crayfl
📅 Apr 11 2013
Thomas Browne, 17th-century English polymath, is credited by OED with > 700 coined words, including: ambidextrous, antediluvian, analogous, approximate, ascetic, anomalous, carnivorous, coexistence, coma, compensate, computer, cryptography, cylindrical, disruption, electricity, exhaustion, .... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho…
👤 u/JimDixon
There is a formula analogous to the quadratic formula that can be used to solve cubic equations. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cub…
👤 u/diplomats_son
Paper wasps have evolved highly developed face recognition system, analogous to that of humans sci-news.com/biology/wasp…
👤 u/attenboroughfan
The USSR built a space-plane which was analogous to the Space Shuttle and had an automatic flight mode, but only flew it once. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur…
👤 u/JesmasterAgain
DNA is analogous to computer programming ds9a.nl/amazing-dna/
👤 u/swreg
The word "meme" was created by Richard Dawkins and was defined as "a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The…
👤 u/MidgetMonkeyMan
Octopi have an analogous hormone control system to humans nature.com/nature/journal…
👤 u/whereswalto
In 1988, the Russian Buran spacecraft, analogous to the U.S. space shuttle program, was the first complex spacecraft to be launched, deployed and landed entirely by automation. It was launched just one time. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur…
👤 u/no1scumbag
There are Starquakes, analogous to earthquakes, that occur when the crust of a neutron star undergoes a sudden adjustment, and produce giant gamma ray flares. On the Richter scale one was estimated to be a whopping 32; the largest earthquake on Earth (Valdivia, Chile 1960) was a 9.5. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qua…
👤 u/ch3mistry
It's possible - though not good sportsmanship - to inject yourself with your own blood to improve athletic performance. They call this analogous blood doping. slate.com/id/2107096/
👤 u/petey123567
In 2004 the government of Brazil acknowledged there are an estimated 25,000-40,000 Brazilians held in conditions "analogous to slavery" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sla…
👤 u/opaqueluminosity
Not only do men have a hormonal cycle analogous to that of the female period, but they also experience menopause webmd.boots.com/men/guide…
👤 u/Aerthe
Snails shoot love darts are each other prior to mating thats analogous to "a stabbing, or being shot with an arrow" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov…
👤 u/Herp_McDerp
There is an auditory/sound illusion that is analogous to the optical illusion of Penrose stairs/steps. The Shepard tone is perceived to continually ascend or descend in pitch, yet returns to its starting note. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She…
👤 u/LickItAndSpreddit
Stars have starquakes analogous to earthquakes on earth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starquake_(astrophysics)#Starquake
Also, neutron stars have crusts at their surface.
👤 u/RatRaceRunner
Analogy: a wider notion of analogy. They saw analogy as a shared abstraction. Analogous objects did not share necessarily a relation, but also an idea, a pattern ...
Analogous colors: Analogous colours are groups of three colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel, and a tertiary. Red, orange, and red-orange are examples ...
Convergent evolution: of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in ...
Color scheme: together. More advanced color schemes involve several related colors in "Analogous" combination, for example, text with such colors as red, yellow, and orange ...
Harry Potter influences and analogues: Writer J. K. Rowling cites several writers as influences in her creation of her bestselling Harry Potter series. Writers, journalists and critics have ...
similar factshomology factsmetaphor factsisomorphism factsanalogy factssimile factscorrespondent factscomparison factsbiology factsequivalence factsperception factslike factsgreek language factsprobability factscorrespond factspeculiar factsgeneralized factsanomalous factsderivative factsmathematical facts
analogous structures factsanalogous fun facts


Simple marketing tips will move your company from bottom levels to the top by beating the competitive odds. Promotional pens are everywhere and appear as simple factors, but they could have adverse effects on the marketing ability of your business. Many businesses are making use of custom pens to advertise. Your business should be up to the task of developing custom adverts that will make an impact on the large market. As part of your brand awareness strategy, here are some tips to come up with the best pen promo image for your company.
Your business must be associated with a specific branding colour. For this reason, choose a pen that is similar or has a related body colour with your branding trend. This factor ensures corporate consistency across all your products and enhances your brand recognition among your customers.
Consideration must be made on the colour of the ink to be used as well. Most customers would prefer blue or black ink, though depending on your business, you could make an impression by choosing a pen with ink of a less traditional colour.
Imprinted pens are made in various styles and designs. Some of these include gel pen, rollerball pen, stick pen, fountain pen and ball point pen. A style that makes a perfect match with your corporate image would be the best choice. A stick pen can often be the best bet.
Stick Pen Design: This design can be steadfast and reliable for your company. It offers a simple style and what lacks in its flair is made up by its dependability. Most customers on the outside are not interested in complicated things. They always look out for new and simple things they can try out. They want something that will deliver and get them through the day with minimal hassle. Try this in your business, then sit back and watch for better results.
The general size of the pen you choose has an effect on the amount of information that can be printed. For instance, pens with a slim profile and rounded shape may only be printed with either one or two lines of advertising. However, fatter, three sided and multi-surface pens offer a wider platform for printing your company information. Your customers must get as much information as possible with much ease.
Balance usability and advertising space when choosing advertisement pens. Larger pens might offer more space for advertising your company but might be uncomfortable to use by customers.
And if you're ready to offer special pens to long-time customers or clients, check out Parker pens or another similar luxury pen.


I have topographical data which is height on a square lat/lon grid and I've generated a mesh with the script shown below. My polygons are all quadrangles (close to, but not quite squares in this case) and some are potato-chip bent pretty badly. I think this causes problems with vertex or face normals during rendering.
Is dividing each rectangle to two triangles likely to address this problem? Is there a magic way to convert to triangles with a simple python method?
I could probably modify the script loop to generate pairs of triangles as well if necessary, just need to make sure to go around each triangle in the same direction.
Is there a magic way to convert to triangles with a simple python method?
Yes, there is a method.
Based on @gandolf3's suggestion in chat I've tested bpy.ops.mesh.quads_convert_to_tris() and indeed it shows an improvement.
Subdivisioning the quad mesh first can be explored as well, either everywhere, or in some optimized way because the final topographic map is pretty big.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged rendering mesh bmesh or ask your own question.
Planning - how important is it to create mostly quads and few triangles?
How to convert many triangles to one mesh?
How can I decimate a mesh to remove unnecessary triangles?
how should I go about creating this?
where can I find this in the python script?


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R. Rose
Urgent action on food
The much-vaunted, 'High-level Conference on World food Security," organized by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, concluded in Rome, yesterday (June 5th, 2008). There will no doubt be a noble statement of urgent action to be taken (or ought to be) by governments and the international community to tackle the problem of not just high, and rising food prices, but chronic hunger and starvation as a result.{{more}} Expectations will be high, and needs even higher, but will deliverance come?
In spite of the high profile granted to the Food Summit and the high-powered nature of the participants last, there is already evidence that its outcome is not too pleasing for many, especially in the under-developed nations. In fact one African leader, the President of Senegal, is reported to have voiced dissatisfaction with the Summit, speaking of the international community trying to force solutions and expects on African nations. (Surprise! surprise!).
The picture painted by the data before the Conference is certainly a gloomy one. Food prices worldwide have been rising steeply during 2006 (8 per cent up on 2005) and 2007 (a 24 per cent increase on 2006). They have risen even more sharply during the first three months of 2008, on an average of 53 per cent on the previous year. Leading this escalation has been vegetable oils (97 per cent up), grains (87 per cent), dairy products (58 per cent) and rice (40 per cent). The prices of sugar and meat have also jumped though by not as large a margin. What is frightening is that whereas in the past, food prices have fluctuated, up and down, but for some commodities, this time the trend shows no sign of reversing soon. Worse it is not just the price of some commodities increasing, it is for ALL.
Various analyses have been put forward for this phenomenon, ranging from population growth, increased consumption (India and China are forever getting licks for increasing consumption and helping to lift the living standards of their people), skyrocketing fuel prices, competing use of agricultural crops for biofuels and financial factors such as exchange rates. Most of the analysts and economists have however been hesitant to put a finger on a significant contributory fact.
Not so the international movement of small-and family farmers, the Via Campesina. In a statement issued at the Summit, Via Campesina noted the FAO's analysis that hunger will add 100 million more victims to the current 800 million by year end. But, says the statement, this is not just due to any sudden natural disaster. It is rather, says the farmer's movement, "the fruits of decades of the policies of trade liberalization and of vertical integration of production, processing and distribution by corporate agriculture." It is spot on target, for to analyze the situation with food and not touch on international trade policies and the deliberate neglect of agriculture, food and farmers in favour of markets, agri-business and multinationals, is a meaningless exercise.
These same policies of governments and the international community lie at the heart of the present crisis. So Via Campesina is right when it asserts that, as a result, "governments today have to take full responsibility for the current crisis and take resolute actions to solve it." Because of these policies, family farmers and fisherfolk, not just the urban poor and beleagured middle class, are suffering too all round the world, unable to cope with the rising costs. It is to agri-business and the distributive trade (mega supermarkets) that governments have surrendered including giving up their sovereign rights to regulate trade to the 'free-marketers" led by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and manifested in the various free trade pacts now proliferating around the world.
Trade liberation has opened markets and increased food imports. World food imports rose from US$630 billion in 2006 to over US $812 billion in 2007 and the forecast for 2008 is to cross the US $1 trillion mark for the first time. Countries are losing the capacity to feed themselves, food has become, not a necessity or a right, but a commodity to be traded for profit and subject to market speculation by financial gamblers. The result can be seen on one hand by the hundreds of millions of hungry and by the profits of the agri-business multinationals- Monsanto (seed), up by 108 per cent last year. Cargill (the world's largest food trade), an 86 per cent profit hike, and Mosaic (fertilizer) whose profits escalated by a whopping 1334 per cent.
That is where the problem lies and no pious platitudes from any Conference will solve it. Simply put, agriculture, and FARMERS, must be given utmost priority and focus, and support, at the community, national and global levels. Governments must be forced to come in line, not just by farmers, but by us all, as consumers, as the hungry, the poor and the suffering.
Renwick Rose is a community activist and social commentator.


It probably very obvious to you that our summers are rarely good enough to eat outside regularly. Casual Dining collections overcome this by both being ideal for dining when it suits you, but also be a relaxing set to sunbath, read a book, drink tea in the afternoon & entertain friends in the evening. Casual Dining collections are slightly lower in height than conventional dining sets, but this give you the ability to 'kick back' either after eating or while just relaxing.
Our full ranges are available between February & June, but don't leave choosing too late in the season. It sells very quickly and surprisingly early. We discovered that buying your collections before the summer means you're ready anytime the weather is fine to relax, site and entertain.
To avoid selection disappointment visit & buy early. If you are building a new deck, revamping your patio or landscaping your garden come along, choose & buy your favourite collection & we will store it for you until you are ready.
We don't have a national delivery service for garden furniture, but offer free delivery on garden furniture within the local area around Ferndale Garden Centre. Please call in to find out how local customers benefit from FREE delivery and usually on the same day.
You should touch and feel your garden furniture before you buy. Call in and we will guide you through the ranges and help you choose the most suitable ranges for you. Our team is full trained on the benefits of each range.


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Russia Launches Satellite to Remove Space Junk from Orbit
A new satellite developed by a group of students at the Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering has been fitted with metallic reflectors and will be able to remove space junk circling the Earth. Radio Sputnik talked to the head of high technology developing at 12-Digital, Nikita Yershov. The probe is part of a flotilla of 73 artificial orbital bodies aboard the Soyuz rocket, which was launched last Friday.
When asked about the functions the new satellite, dubbed Mayak, and about the hopes and expectations regarding its launch and deployment, Nikita Yershov said there were some scientific goals and utilitarian ones too.
"The satellite will test aero-braking techniques that could be used in removing space junk from our planet's orbit," Yershov explained.
The space probe, whose name translates as "beacon," is expected to be one of the brightest objects in the sky. One downside of this could be the so-called "light pollution" of the sky though.
Yershov allayed these fears saying that the Mayak will certainly not be as bright as the sun or the moon – rather like stars, artificial satellites or other man-made objects circling our planet. Speaking about the future projects they have in mind, Nikita Yershov said that, apart from the aero-braking tests they are going to perform in orbit, they were now thinking about other useful things the Mayak could do in the future.
"Of course, we'll do something bigger, more exciting and more important things as we go," Yershov said.


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Catalogue Search for "subject:(Accelerated Reader)" Young adult fiction NB High School ARUY General Accelerated Reader Paperback Teenage Fiction
Results 1	- 10 of 80
By Bowler, Tim, author
Paperback. English.
Published Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015
Life is hard for Mikey. He hates open spaces and would do anything to avoid the outside world. But with his sister Meggie by his side, he might just be...
The hanged man rises
By Naughton, Sarah
Published London: Simon & Schuster Children's, 2013
When their parents die, Titus and his sister Hannah are left to fend for themselves in the slums of Victorian London. Taking shelter with, Inspector Pilbury...
My smoky bacon crisp obsession
By Buckle, J. A., author
Published London: Curious Fox, 2015
16-year-old Josh Walker is starting sixth form college and is determined to form a band, get a lot closer to his new girlfriend Becky and, hopefully,...
By Dawson, Juno (Young adult fiction writer), author
Published London: Hot Key Books, 2016
Avery has always suffered at the hands of bullies, so when she's given a seemingly-miraculous opportunity to join the 'A-list' she grabs at it with both...
By Shusterman, Neal, author
Published London: Walker Books, 2018
In a world where disease, war and crime have been eliminated, the only way to die is to be randomly killed by professional scythes. Citra and Rowan are...
The impossible knife of memory
By Anderson, Laurie Halse, author
Published London: Scholastic, 2014
This title provides a searing look at the effects of post traumatic stress on soldiers and their families, seen through the eyes of teenage Hayley. Hayley...
By Campbell, Alex, author
The sea rose. Civilisation was wiped out, countries drowned. Out of the ashes of a desperate refugee camp, a new society was born, with a new place to...
Casting shadows
By McKenzie, Sophie
The first title in a new series about four teenagers with psychic abilities, from Red House award-winning author, Sophie McKenzie
How not to disappear
By Furniss, Clare, author
Published London: Simon & Schuster, 2016
Hattie's summer isn't going as planned. Her two best friends have abandoned her: Reuben has run off to Europe to 'find himself' and Kat is in Edinburgh...
Only ever yours
By O'Neill, Louise, author
Published London: Quercus, 2014
Freida and Isabel have been best friends their whole lives. Now, aged 16 and in their final year at the School, they expect to be selected as companions...
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AMADORI is one of the leading companies in the Italian agro-food sector, an innovative company and specialist in the poultry market. EVVIVA, AMADORI's brand of frankfurters are gluten free, contain a great source of iodine which aids children's natural growth and do not contain added polyphosphates. Grill, fry, boil, bake or microwave, EVVIVA frankfurters are perfect for any time of day as they are very easy and quick to prepare and can be used in any dish – as an appetiser, a quick snack, part of a quick brunch or for barbecues with family and friends.
In the local market EVVIVA frankfurters come in two versions: Classic chicken and turkey; & chicken and turkey filled with Emmenthal cheese. All EVVIVA Frankfurters are gluten free, free from iodine and made from 100% Italian meat.


Description: Deepak Sharma is best astrologer in India and he and his generation has been giving consistent result as per the need of people from the last more than 100 years. He has very vast experience in the field of jyotish and astrologer.
Meta Description: Deepak Sharma has been providing number of solution to people coming from all over the country. As he has been established in Varanasi as a best jyotish and having latest technology to read out better solution from the people's Kundali.


As we approach the end of the UK tax year we are often asked how parents can help their offspring and mitigate their own potential inheritance tax liability. In a previous post, we discussed the option of setting up a 529 Plan for children or grandchildren.
The UK taxes an individual's estate at 40% on all assets over the "nil rate band" which is curently £325,000. For married couples who are both domiciled in the UK for tax purposes the allowance is typically passed to the spouse on death creating an effective nil rate band of £650,000 at the time of the second death (provided this has not been used for gifts to children or others – see below).
The US has a $5.43 million Federal estate tax exemption (which is currently inflation-linked) and similarly you can combine the exemptions of both spouses, if proper planning is undertaken. The Federal estate tax is 40% just like in the UK. Also, if one holds "real property" in the US such as a holiday home, farm or other land, such assets could be subject to a state estate tax, depending on where the asset is located.
Don't forget that as a US tax payer you will definitely owe US estate tax if your estate is greater than $5.43m, whereas UK inheritance tax may not be owed if you are not domiciled for tax in the UK. Tanager does not provide tax advice so you should refer to a suitably qualified professional to understand your UK tax position.
Both tax regimes allow individuals to reduce their taxable estate by gifting assets. Regular gifting over a period of time can not only reduce your estate taxes but can be a great way of helping family with, for example, school fees.
The UK allows for an annual gift exemption of £3,000. In addition, you can gift up to £250 to as many people as you want. In respect of mitigating inheritance tax you can make gifts out of income and potentially exempt transfers (aka PETs). The rules are not straightforward but when properly applied can be the means for making an effective transfer of assets out of your estate.
The US allows any individual to gift up to $14,000 to anyone every year ($28,000 per married couple) and a US tax payer can also make an annual gift up to $140,000 to a non-US tax payer spouse. This is particularly useful if the family plan not to return to the US and the non-US tax payer remains so.
The trick is to take advice from a team of professionals who are all up to date on your personal situation and who understand both the US and UK tax jurisdictions.
John and Jessica Smith are in their 60s, retired in Oregon and are looking to help their only daughter, Susan, who lives in London with her Anglo-German husband, Erich and their two children. The Smiths can each give up to $14,000 to Susan and Erich every year and a similar amount to each grandchild. This would enable them to gift up to $112,000 every year and reduce their US taxable estate. They could make larger gifts but these would use up a portion of their $5.34 million US Federal exemption and a Gift Tax return would need to be filed to account for the gifts.
Erich's parents, Mathias and Hildegard Wolf are domiciled in the UK for both income and inheritance tax purposes. They have significant assets, including a home in Notting Hill and a chalet in Kitzbuhel. Mathias retired 5 years ago as UK Managing Director for a large German car company and his net worth excluding real estate (which he jointly owns with Hildegard) is over £3 million. He has a defined benefit pension of £175,000 per annum and receives a further £70,000 in investment income. The Wolfs have no liabilities and live comfortably on Mathias's after-tax pension.
Mathias could gift his after-tax surplus income to Erich and/or his grandchildren annually without using any of his UK "nil rate band" of £325,000. Alternatively, Mathias could liquidate investments and make PETs to members of his family. Were he to make gifts totalling £1 million on March 5th 2015, the gifts would not be subject to UK inheritance tax if Mathias survived to March 6th 2022. Should Mathias pass away before March 6th 2022 but after March 6th 2018 then the tax due would be calculated on a sliding scale.
Anyone considering gifting should consult their accountant and solicitor in tandem with their financial advisor to determine what gifting strategy is most suitable for them.


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Q: MySQL queries randomly run slow plus whole site can come down if too many queries run in short amount of time I'm dealing with a very frustrating problem and have genuinely no clue how to fix it.
For some reason, my very simple and straightforward queries on tables with almost no records and ones that are properly indexed are randomly running very slow and taking a long time to execute.
For instance, I have a "Help Me" page that runs two queries. One to verify the logged in user and one to grab his/her help tickets. Here are those two queries:
//query to verify user:
$query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email`='".Database::escape($_SESSION['email'])."' AND `password`='".Database::escape($_SESSION['hashed_password'])."' LIMIT 1";

//query to grab users help tickets
$getTickets = "SELECT * FROM `support_ticket_threads` WHERE `user_id`='".Database::escape($this->id)."' ORDER BY `id` DESC";

Both tables, the users table and the support tickets table have less than 100 rows and both are properly indexed. I have indexed on all columns that would be accessed by WHERE clause.
Most of the time, these two queries take around 200ms to execute (which in itself is even slow but whatever, I could deal with that). However, every once in awhile, say 1/10 times, the two queries could take a second or longer to execute. I've seen as high as 2 seconds.
There are absolutely no other queries running on this page. It is just these two.
I have an EC2 t2.medium and an RDS also t2.medium running, and both are in the same zone (us-east-2c).
The really scary part is that if you hit my server enough times quickly, the whole database comes down and no page loads. I have no idea why my RDS can't handle a lot of queries.
I've refreshed this "Help Me" page with just the two queries running many times and the result is that the database freezes up for like 10 seconds before it comes back up and I can use my site again.
I honestly have no clue what's going on here. I've tried creating both a new EC2 and a new RDS and the problems persist.
For what it's worth, I'm using nginx to serve files.
Edit: Here is my Database class:
class Database {

private static $host = 'database-3...com';
private static $user = 'admin';
private static $password = '...';

public static function connect(){
    $con = mysqli_init();
    $db = "prod";
    $con->real_connect(self::$host, self::$user, self::$password, $db) or die('couldnt connect: '.$con->connect_error.":".$con->error);
    mysqli_set_charset($con, "utf8mb4");
    return $con;
}

public static function query($query){
    $connection = self::connect();
    $result = $connection->query($query) or die($connection->error);
    return $result;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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GATHERING DARKNESS has cast imposing shadows over the picturesque coastlines of Santander Spain since 1998. Not satisfied with their Doom/Death hybrid, they turned completely to the dark side by playing full-on Death Metal around 2004. With a vicious, uncut edge, GATHERING DARKNESS' original demos were messy, guttural productions that tried to maintain a melodic edge that all faded away with their debut Beholders of the Pain Planet. Today, GATHERING DARKNESS' sound comes in crystal clear thanks to improved production and recording on their blood-soaked EP, The Inexorable End. With avalanches of noise and bristling vocals that can curdle blood, GATHERING DARKNESS brings the shadows with them.
"We Fall" has piles of crunch to spare for its riffs; dissonant and bleeding profusely into the drum kit. The best first impression of GATHERING DARKNESS is probably "cranial-halving levels of noise". There is barely enough time to come up for air as tidal waves of riffs start cascading over and over your weak body. We go further down a rabbit hole of pain and darkness with the broken "Hermetic Circle". JhesuQ's drums fire off like uzis amidst thunderous cymbals. Vocalist Jose Lavin Cabello cannot hide the rage spilling from his throat and coating the walls in a thick spray.
Little is used in the means of preparing for the next song "Everything Dies Alone". It holds a weighty, unforgiving amount of silence destroying chords and carries a dark message that no one gets out of here alive, and no one will be around for your final hour. The final, title track "Gathering Darkness" is a dirty, pipe bomb with tons of riffs spilling out like spring coils, not unlike an unholy jack in the box but instead of a toy clown that pops out, it's just an endless amount of nightmares. The Inexorable End EP is available as a 7 inch vinyl.


text:
Trend & Color Forecasting & Analysis
January 13, 2007 by ClothingDoctor
David Wolfe is a Creative Director for Doneger Creative Services, The Doneger Group's trend and color forecasting and analysis service for womenswear, menswear and youth apparel and accessories. Doneger Creative Services clients include an international roster of designers, manufacturers and retailers. As Creative Director, David analyzes trends influencing the men's, women's and youth apparel and accessories markets as well as big-picture developments in style, culture and society.
A high-profile personality, David's wit and wisdom have earned him a stellar reputation over his thirty-five years in the fashion industry. He is known as "America's Foremost Fashion Forecaster" and is the most quoted authority in the industry, his views and quips appearing in such diverse publications as The Wall Street Journal, Women's Wear Daily, Vogue, Glamour and Forbes. He has been on CNN, QVC, "Entertainment Tonight" and "The Today Show" as well as talk shows and news
programming. A regular guest lecturer at the Fashion Institute of Technology, David has also spoken at the International Fashion Fabric Exhibition, the New York Premier Show, the Kids' International Fashion Fair, the National Retail Federation, MAGIC and New York and regional fashion groups.
David also serves as International Fashion Editor of Men Mode and Couture magazines, glossy high fashion publications in the Far East.
David began his career in a small town department store where his responsibilities included that of fashion coordinator, buyer, copywriter, illustrator and advertising manager. In the 1960s he moved to London, where he quickly established himself as a leading fashion artist published in Vogue, Women's Wear Daily, and The London Times. In 1969 David joined the infant "fashion service" industry and as Creative Director of I.M. International became one of the world's leading fashion forecasters
and authorities, among the first to discover talents such as Giorgio Armani, Karl Lagerfeld and Gianni Versace. Early in the 1980s, David helped to found TFS The Fashion Service and returned to the U.S. to head TFS as President for a decade. He joined The Doneger Group in 1990.
Today David devotes much of his time to public appearances. His informative and amusing lectures, slides shows and television appearances make him a popular personality on the fashion scene.
The Doneger Group
Filed Under: aaa


Abstract: How important are friendships in determining success by individuals and teams in complex collaborative environments? By combining a novel data set containing the dynamics of millions of ad hoc teams from the popular multiplayer online first person shooter Halo: Reach with survey data on player demographics, play style, psychometrics and friendships derived from an anonymous online survey, we investigate the impact of friendship on collaborative and competitive performance. In addition to finding significant differences in player behavior across these variables, we find that friendships exert a strong influence, leading to both improved individual and team performance--even after controlling for the overall expertise of the team--and increased pro-social behaviors. Players also structure their in-game activities around social opportunities, and as a result hidden friendship ties can be accurately inferred directly from behavioral time series. Virtual environments that enable such friendship effects will thus likely see improved collaboration and competition.


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Go West on I-70 WEST to US-231 (Exit 41). BETWEEN EXITS 59 AND 73.
Go Southwest on US-231 to IN-57.
Go Southwest on IN-57 towards Evansville, IN to US-41.
Turn left on BURCH DRIVE.
Go North on I-65 NORTH to I-24 WEST (Exit 88B).
Go West on I-24 WEST passing by Clarksville, TN to Kentucky.
Go West on I-24 WEST to US-41 (Exit 86).
Go North on US-41 to PENNYRILE PKWY.
Go North on PENNYRILE PKWY to US-41.
Go North on US-41 to Evansville.
Go North on US-41 to Burch Drive near the airport.
Turn right on BURCH DRIVE.
Go West on I-64 WEST to Indiana.
Go West on I-64 WEST to US-41.
Go South on US-41 to BURCH DRIVE near the airport.
Go East on I-90 EAST to I-94 EAST.
Go East on I-94 EAST to I-57 SOUTH (Exit 63).
Go South on I-57 SOUTH passing by Kankakee, IL to US-45 (Exit 162).
Go South on US-45 to US-40.
Go Northeast on US-40 to IL-33.
Go Southeast on IL-33 to IL-130.
Go South on IL-130 to IL-1.
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text:
J Korean Soc Transplant. 2013 Sep;27(3):81-86. Korean.
Published online September 26, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4285/jkstn.2013.27.3.81
What's New in the Management of Bacterial Infections in the Era of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria?
Cheol-In Kang, M.D.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Corresponding author (Email: collacin@hotmail.com )
Received August 22, 2013; Accepted August 29, 2013.
Bacterial infection is an increasingly important diagnosis following successful organ transplantation in humans. This is notwithstanding the fact that opportunistic infections such as those of fungal and viral origin can occur frequently in this population. Infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria have been on the rise since the past decade and not surprisingly continue to challenge physicians. Recent studies show that rapidly increasing rates of infections in such population are due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Furthermore, pan-drug-resistant infections are now on the rise, especially in gram-negative bacilli. Regrettably, our therapeutic options for these pathogens are currently extremely limited. Very recently, it has been shown that infections due to Clostridium difficile spp. have been the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is a well-known fact that infections due to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were associated with a greater likelihood of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, it is very clear that inappropriate antimicrobial therapy has an adverse effect on survival rate in patients with serious infections. This is especially true in immunocompromised hosts. Hence, in the light of the above, it is very essential that physicians who are treating immunocompromised patients should be aware of not only current epidemiological status of antimicrobial resistance but also proper clinical practice guidelines to be followed while diagnosing infections due to such antimicrobial agents. The objective of this review is, therefore, to provide a recent update of currently available antimicrobial therapeutic strategies for life-threatening infections due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Keywords: Bacterial infections; Antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial agents
Recommendations for the antimicrobial treatment of MRSA infections
Antimicrobial therapy for serious infections caused by MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli
Antimicrobial therapy for serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant-Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumanniia
Suggested approaches to therapy for Clostridium difficile infection
1. Kang CI, Song JH. Antimicrobial resistance in Asia: current epidemiology and clinical implications. Infect Chemother 2013;45:22–31.
2. Huh K, Kim J, Cho SY, Ha YE, Joo EJ, Kang CI, et al. Continuous increase of the antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative pathogens causing bacteremia: a nationwide surveillance study by the Korean Network for Study on Infectious Diseases (KONSID). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013;76:477–482.
3. Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, Daum RS, Fridkin SK, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:e18–e55.
4. Park KH, Kim ES, Kim HS, Park SJ, Bang KM, Park HJ, et al. Comparison of the clinical features, bacterial genotypes and outcomes of patients with bacteraemia due to heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67:1843–1849.
5. van Hal SJ, Lodise TP, Paterson DL. The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:755–771.
6. van Hal SJ, Paterson DL, Lodise TP. Systematic review and meta-analysis of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with dosing schedules that maintain troughs between 15 and 20 milligrams per liter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:734–744.
7. Wunderink RG, Niederman MS, Kollef MH, Shorr AF, Kunkel MJ, Baruch A, et al. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:621–629.
8. Walkey AJ, O'Donnell MR, Wiener RS. Linezolid vs glycopeptide antibiotics for the treatment of suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest 2011;139:1148–1155.
9. Wang JL, Hsueh PR. Therapeutic options for infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:785–796.
10. Rodríguez-Baño J, Pascual A. Clinical significance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008;6:671–683.
11. Kang CI. Therapeutic strategy for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. J Korean Med Assoc 2011;54:325–331.
12. Kang CI, Cha MK, Kim SH, Ko KS, Wi YM, Chung DR, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-onset bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli over a 6-year period. J Korean Med Sci 2013;28:998–1004.
13. Rodríguez-Baño J, Navarro MD, Retamar P, Picón E, Pascual Á. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa/Grupo de Estudio de Infección Hospitalaria Group. β-Lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations for the treatment of bacteremia due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: a post hoc analysis of prospective cohorts. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:167–174.
14. Kang CI, Park SY, Chung DR, Peck KR, Song JH. Piperacillin-tazobactam as an initial empirical therapy of bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Infect 2012;64:533–534.
15. Tasina E, Haidich AB, Kokkali S, Arvanitidou M. Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for the treatment of infectious diseases: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:834–844.
16. Peña C, Suarez C, Ocampo-Sosa A, Murillas J, Almirante B, Pomar V, et al. Effect of adequate single-drug vs combination antimicrobial therapy on mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: a post Hoc analysis of a prospective cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:208–216.
17. Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1932–1940.
18. Kim YS, Han DS, Kim YH, Kim WH, Kim JS, Kim HS, et al. Incidence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea: a nationwide study. Epidemiol Infect 2013;141:189–194.
19. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013;368:407–415.
20. Gweon TG, Choi MG, Lee SK, Ha JH, Kim EY, Go BS, et al. Two cases of refractory pseudomembranous colitis that healed following fecal microbiota transplanation. Korean J Med 2013;84:395–399.
Therapeutic strategy for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections
Sentinel Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistance Bacteria
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-bacterial Effects of Aloe vera MAP against Multidrug-resistant Bacteria
Multidrug-resistant Organisms and Healthcare-associated Infections
Increase in Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Children


What is dwf file? How to open dwf files?
The dwf file extension is associated with Design (Drawing) Web format used by AutoCAD and Inventor.
Design Web Format (DWF) is a secure file format developed by Autodesk for the efficient distribution and communication of rich design data to anyone who needs to view, review, or print design files. Because DWF files are highly compressed, they are smaller and faster to transmit than design files, without the overhead associated with complex CAD drawings (or the management of external links and dependencies).
With DWF functionality, publishers of design data can limit the specific design data and plot styles to only what they want recipients to see and can publish multisheet drawing sets from multiple AutoCAD drawings in a single DWF file. They can also publish 3D models from most Autodesk design applications.
Historically, DWF was a 2D plotter file format created by Autodesk for their AutoCAD software. As of 2006, Autodesk introduced DWF-3D which was an entirely new file format. DWF can be considered an empty "container file format" (similar to PDF) that actually contains many other internal files (a DWF file is actually just a ZIP file with a different file extension). In the early 2000s TechSoft American wrote Autodesk a 3D WEB streaming file format + 3D file viewer based on their HOOPS toolkit and HSF 3D file format which would morph into DWF-3D. Hence, as of 2006, the DWF-3D file format was based on an internal HSF 3D file as well as many additional XML files for such data as part hierarchy, meta data and other related information. DWF-3D can generally be considered as Autodesk's "conduit" from their CAD programs out to their 3D file viewers such as "Design Review".
Autodesk Inventor is 3D solid modeling and design tool used to design and simulation 3D digital prototypes.
Autodesk Inventor shares 2D data from the AutoCAD and 3D design data from other Autodesk's applications. Autodesk Inventor is available for Microsoft Windows.
Use Autodesk AutoCad, Autodesk DWF Viewer or any capable CAD viewer to work with the *.dwf files.
DWF is similar to PDF in its purpose. And like you can scan a PDF document and get data back, you can also recover DWF files back to DWG (using third party utilities). You will most likely loose substantial amount of information, structure and precision of the original drawing so it is far from perfect.
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open dwf file, edit dwf file, convert dwf file, view dwf file, play dwf file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Click on the tab below to simply browse between the application actions, to quickly get a list of recommended software, which is able to perform the specified software action, such as opening, editing or converting dwf files.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for open dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for edit dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for view dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for convert dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for create dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for import dwf file action.
Programs supporting the exension dwf on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about listed programs for export dwf file action.
Click on the software link for more information about AutoCAD for Mac. AutoCAD for Mac uses dwf file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.).