Ted Mirvis tiptoed up the stairs to the attic in his family's new home at 158 Algonquin Road in Hampton, Va. The inquisitive six-year old found boxes and could not resist the temptation to stealthily lift their edges and peer inside.
His newfound treasure confounded him. They were huge books! – in whose company he spent magical hours. After some time and pondering, he concluded they must be law books.
His father had been sent South from New York to be the rabbi in Hampton, so the young Mirvis reasoned the books were probably not his father's religious texts.
"Are you a lawyer?" he looked up one day and asked his mom. He knew she also worked as the accountant and buyer of her family's clothing business, Sear's Department Store, which catered to the large military presence in Hampton and around Norfolk, just across the Bay. "Yes," Lena Sear Mirvis, told her son. She was also a lawyer, having read the law after graduating from Duke. In 1937, she took the bar and became one of the first women admitted in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Lawdragon: There's a mystique to becoming a partner at Wachtell. How did you join this firm?
But when I was a second year, Wachtell wrote to everyone on law review. And as I was opening the letter, another 2L walking by said, "That's a great firm." That night, I got a call from Nathan Lewin, a founder of Miller Cassidy, which was almost entirely Supreme Court clerks. I had worked with him at the National Center for Jewish Policy Studies one summer. And Lewin said Wachtell was a great firm – that I should sign up to see them.
Within the next 10 days, I was talking to my Mom, who came to New York once every season to buy fur coats for the family store from a guy named Katcher, who was the uncle of Richard Katcher, who had just left Simpson Thacher for Wachtell.
LD: I guess given Marty Lipton and Bernie Nussbaum, among others at the helm, it's no huge surprise you became a corporate litigator. But how did you arrive at that rather than deals, and how did you become preeminent in corporate governance disputes?
TM: I didn't set out to do anything. When I was asked if I was going to be a litigator or corporate lawyer, I'd say "I don't know." I was interviewing at some firm and said I didn't know. And whoever was interviewing me said, "That's not a good answer. You should say one or the other." Civil procedure had been my favorite class in law school – I loved Paul Bator and David Shapiro – so from then on I said I wanted to be a litigator.
The answer is "Yes!!" The Unocal takeover case was starting and they're talking about a director's duty of care and Smith v. Van Gorkom. The panel is Justice Moore, the general counsel of the SEC, Gil Sparks from Morris Nichols and Steve Rothschild from Skadden, the number one Delaware litigator – and me. There was literally no law from the Delaware courts except stray sentences about the proper role of directors in fighting a tender offer.
And Drew Moore looked over at me and said, "That's a really good point." The Unocal decision came out not long after, and it was the first in Delaware to recognize the power of the board of directors to stop hostile tender offers. And the pivotal point is that under Delaware Corporate Law section 251 directors are the gatekeepers of mergers, so therefore under section 141(a), they should have the same power with respect to tender offers.
LD: That must have felt pretty cool. Is it safe to assume that experience had an impact on your focus on scholarly writing and speaking on panels about corporate governance, as you do regularly at the Tulane Corporate Law Institute?
TM: Absolutely. One of the things I'm most proud of is the exclusive forum bylaw, which I first proposed on a panel. I gave a talk on "ABC, Anywhere But Chancery." The plaintiff corporate securities bar had begun to say they were not going to sue in Chancery anymore and instead were going to bring their cases in other jurisdictions that were less sophisticated and where their cases had greater settlement value.
I thought that was a terrible thing for the system. So I asked "Why can't a corporation adopt by charter a provision that says a charter is a contract so it can have choice of forum provisions." The late Frank Balotti of Richards Layton was sitting next to me and he said, "What are you saying?" And I said, "I think a corporation can put in its charter that all shareholder claims have to be brought only in the courts of Delaware." He looked at me in front of 100 people and said, "That's the most ridiculous thing I ever heard." But people began to adopt it, and eventually in the Chevron case [now Delaware Chief Justice Leo] Strine approved it.
There are now more companies that have the Mirvis bylaw than the poison pill. Thousands of companies have adopted the Delaware exclusive forum provision.
LD: What other cases have you been particularly proud of over the years?
TM: One of the best oral arguments I ever made was in 1982 in front of Judge Walter Stapleton in Delaware federal District Court. We represented City Service trying to fight off a hostile bid from Mesa and T. Boone Pickens. I lost.
LD: And there are a slew of other headliner cases, including representing Airgas in the Air Products takeover.
TM: Nobody thought we were right in our battle to defeat the Air Products hostile takeover. I thought I understood the bylaw issue very well, and if you can be passionate about a legal issue, I was passionate about that one. My longest oral argument was for Newmont Mining in 1987 fighting a hostile takeover bid from Pickens. I was not feeling well, threw up twice on the way down. But my argument went over two hours and I was in the zone. We won.
One of the longest-running matters lasted nearly 10 years. We represented MCA in connection with the Matsushita acquisition in a very complicated stockholder claim. On behalf of MCA shareholders, they claimed that MCA head Lew Wasserman had a sweetheart deal in the sale, and we reached a settlement of the Delaware state court claim. That was challenged ultimately in the U.S. Supreme Court, where Barry Ostrager, then of Simpson Thacher, argued and won a decision that state court settlements, including in the Court of Chancery, can as a constitutional matter release federal claims arising from the same facts, including claims within the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal courts. That was a critical doctrinal point that allowed deal litigation to proceed in Chancery. I must have written 30 briefs in that case.
LD: One of the more intriguing things about you is that you are by no means just another law firm partner, whatever that means. Everyone is always interested in your long hair, and I hear you even have a neck-tie made after you now.
TM: When I defended Ken Langone, I told him that I would not cut my hair until he was totally vindicated. I have no idea why I said that. That was in 2003. And even though the case against him was completely dismissed in 2006, he asked me to keep to my promise even afterwards. So I have.
And the tie story is funny. I had a lucky tie that I'd worn at every oral argument. It was very frayed and I decided to retire it after the win in the Invemed matter. And so Sabrina Ursaner at Wachtell, who had worked on the case with me, claimed she could have it replicated. But apparently she told the tie maker it had to be EXACTLY the same as the old tie. So when they sent back the new one, it had the same frays and wear as the old one. And now Turnbull & Asser are marketing a tie with fray marks based on her obsession with detail.
LD: It's also important that people know of your close ties to and family in Israel. Can you talk a bit about that?
TM: Sure. My dad spent the last 20 years of his life in Jerusalem after he retired from the rabbinate, and my daughter lives there now with her husband and seven of my grandkids. So my wife and I visit as often as we can, and I have been able to teach some classes at Hebrew University law school and also participate on CLE -type panels with judges of the new Tel Aviv Economic Division of the District Court, a kind of Israeli Chancery Court.
LD: And what's the Yom Kippur Open?
TM: Oh, that's a small golf outing I started 20 years ago. We play every year around Yom Kippur with about 20 friends. It's just a funny name, and we raise some funds for the NYU Langone Medical Center. The YKO is also a national sponsor of the U.S. tour of the Israeli Philharmonic Orchestra. It's a great group of people.


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"In my life, there have been moments when...."
"That whole business of 'In my life, there have been blahblahblahblah...' It's a preamble and it's totally unnecessary."
"What, gathering your thoughts? If you've got something to say, say it."
"You wanted me to say it. So I said it."
"Well, you're going to have to explain that."
"You told me to stop explaining myself."
"Well then, maybe you're going to have to explain your own self."
"Your preamble. What were you going to say?"
"It was about liberating moments, but this little dialogue itself explains the meaning and provides an example of just such a moment."
"I've always wanted to call you a jerk."
"But we've been friends for, what... since the third grade."
"And you were a jerk in the third grade as well."
"Well if I was such a jerk... why did you want to be my friend?"
"I didn't. I never wanted to be your friend. I just wanted to be..."
"I don't know. Less lonely."
"You want to just... I don't know, stop being friends?"
"I called you a jerk. You still want to be my friend?"
"Sure. Why not. You're a jerk too. Birds of a feather, right?"
"But we've been fishing together for thirty years."
"And for thirty years, I've hated it."
"Well.... what do you want to do?"
"Let's just sit here and talk..."
"Sure. Why not? It's a pretty day. To be honest, I don't much like fishing myself, so..."
So I'm just looking at these old pieces until I feel like writing again.
I remember this, JLD. It ages well.
Old, new, whatever, a good read.
*, JLD. Remarkably superb dialog.
Thanks, guys, you are all scholars, gentlemen, etc.
Good dialogue. And that's not easy.
I admire the movement, the adjustment. Hard to do short, I think, but this works and feels natural.


text:
A Celebration of Birds
Binoculars (and Spotting 'Scopes) for Birds
Birding Gear
Birds in the Backyard
Birdwatching – How to Bird Watch
Ecobirding
Feeders & Feeding
Identification of Birds
Bird Photography
Bird Rehabilitation
Avian Ecology
Avian Communities
Biogeography of Birds
Development- birds
Evolution of Birds
The Flight of Birds
Foraging and Nutrition
Metabolism and Thermoregulation
Migration and Navigation
Respiration and Circulation
Songs and Calls
The Nervous System and Senses
Territoriality of Birds
Bird Books
Careers in Ornithology- Becoming an Ornithologist
Talk to Other Birdwatchers
Organizations in Ornithology
Teacher Resources for Studying Birds
Bird Science
Banding Birds
Conservation of Birds
Famous Ornithologists
Africa – Birds
Antarctica- birds
Asia- bird lists
Australia- birds
Central America-birds
Europe-birds
Indonesia / Malaysia – birds
Middle East- birds
North America-birds
South America / Caribbean – birds
United States- birds
World Travel – Birds
Birds and the Pandemic
1 Comment / Uncategorized / By Dr. Roger Lederer
The lockdowns resulting from the COVID pandemic have affected birds in mostly good ways. This "anthropause" as some have called it, resulted in less traffic on the roads, on water, and in the air, with a concomitant decrease in air and water pollution. Birds such as the Ruby-throated Hummingbird and Red-tailed Hawk became more common in urban areas and White -crowned Sparrows decreased the volume of their songs which had previously increased because of urban traffic noise. And, perhaps most surprising, with more idle time and less chance to travel, more people became birdwatchers, something they could do alone or in small groups near home.
The Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and the National Audubon Society both reported a surge in the number of birdwatchers and sales of birdseed and birdfeeders increased 45% and 50%, respectively. Wikipedia searches for several species of birds increased as well. There was almost a 50% increase in sightings posted on ebird in 2020 from 2019 and in a study in Canada and the U.S., researchers tracked 83 species of birds and found that their sightings increased by 10-20% even though the environment was unchanged.
From Wikihow
Many people reported an increase in bird sightings around their homes and offices, in the suburbs and the city. Not pigeons, House Sparrows and Starlings, they are ubiquitous in urban environments, but birds that are rarely or not often seen in those human dominated places. Seeing a Yellow Warbler in your backyard and a Cooper's Hawk flying by your office window certainly makes for a more pleasurable day. But there are downsides because urban and suburban environments pose more threats in the form of windows, cats, polluted water, and lights.
North America, by one estimate , has lost three billion birds in the last fifty years. That's based upon data collected on 529 bird species since 1970. That's a loss of at least one-third of the bird populations. "Their results show that more than 90% of the loss can be attributed to just a dozen bird families, including sparrows, warblers, blackbirds and finches. Common birds with decreasing populations include Meadowlarks, Dark-eyed Juncos, Horned Larks and Red-winged Blackbirds,…… Grassland birds have suffered a 53% decrease in their numbers, and more than a third of the shorebird population has been lost."
Although there was a slight decrease in the waterfowl population over the last year, the overall trend sees an increase. Most like this is because of the support of wildfowl hunters and organizations like Ducks Unlimited. I'm not a hunter and the percentage of people who hunt are declining each year, but the fact that this subset of people with an interest in birds, albeit narrow, has made a difference in the maintenance of waterfowl numbers, tells me that birdwatchers can make a difference in maintaining the populations of non-hunted birds. If those novice birdwatchers who took up the sport during the pandemic will stick with it, there will be more voices and actions, and hopefully money, to support what some hunters call "dickie birds."
1 thought on "Birds and the Pandemic"
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text:
Fabrizio Tarducci, conhecido como Fabri Fibra (Senigália, 17 de outubro de 1976), é um rapper italiano, irmão maior do rapper Nesli.

Biografia
Fabrizio Tarducci nasceu em 1976 em Senigália, Marcas. Interessado em música desde a infância; ele escreveu e cantou o sua primeira música aos 19 anos.

Em 1995, ele gravou o sua primeiro demo. Após a gravação, ele entrou em no conjunto Uomini di Mare, ao lado de DJ Lato, atuando apenas como DJ e cuidando da parte rítmica das músicas produzidas. Em 1996, o conjunto lançou o CD Del mare quest'el gruv, que fez sucesso no cenário underground musical da Itália. Em 1999, Fibra e Lato produziram e distribuíram a LP Sindrome di fine millenio ("Sindrome de fim de milênio", em português), com a colaboração de El Presidente, Inoki, Joe Cassano e o próprio irmão de Fibra, Nesli.

Graças ao sucesso underground, Fabri Fibra atuou em toda a Ítalia. Em 2000 ele fundou sua própria gravadora, a Teste Mobili Records ("Cabeças em Movimento Records", em português), com a colaboração de vários grupos de rap italiano, aonde Fibra foi o vocal principal e também o compositor das letras do circuito de mixtape lançado pela gravadora. Tal sucesso estabeleceu a base para sua futura carreira solo como rapper, em 2002.

Carreira Solo

Turbe giovanili (2002)
Em 2002, Fibra lançou seu primeiro álbum solo, chamado Turbe giovanili ("Problemas juvenis", em português), na qual ele escreveu e gravou as letras sob a produção e arranjo do Neffa. Assim como o título do álbum sugere, as letras das músicas falam sobre os problemas que adolescentes enfrentam na Itália, incluindo experiências do próprio Fibra. Um ano depois Fibra lançou Lato e Fabri Fibra, na qual foi o encerramento de sua parceria com DJ Lato e do projeto Uomini di mare.

Fibra lançou uma versão remasterizada desse mesmo álbum em 2010, como parte de seu movimento de contracultura.

Mr. Simpatia (2004)
Lançado em 1º de Setembro de 2004, Mr. Simpatia ("Sr. Simpatia", em português), é o segundo álbum solo de Fibra, considerado a marca de seu estilo musical próprio. Todas as bases instrumentais foram feitas por Nesli, com a exceção de Non Ti Invidio (feita por Bassi Maestro) e  a faixa bônus do álbum (feito por Bosca). O álbum fez sucesso por sua capa, na qual Fibra aparece deitado de lado com um ferimento horrível.  "Mr. Simpatia" é um título irônico, uma vez que os temas das faixas principais tratam da cena hip hop italiana, o desprezo pela sociedade, as relações com mulheres, e frustração de Fibra sobre seu trabalho.

O álbum de Nesli, Home, foi lançado na mesma data.

Tradimento (2006)
Depois de cancelar o seu contrato na gravadora Vibrarecords, Fabri voltou a atuar apenas no cenário underground e não fez nenhuma apariação durante um ano, até quando reapareceu anunciando um novo acordo com a grande gravadora Universal Music Italia. Sob a produção do rapper Big Fish e de Nesli, Fibra lançou o seu terceiro álbum, considerado o mais bem sucedido comercialmente e aristicamente,Tradimento ("Traição", em português). O primeiro single desse album, lançado na Europa em 4 de abril de 2006, foi "Applausi per Fibra". O single trata das experiências pessoais superadas por Fibra, com uma certa ênfase no auto-elogio.

Em apenas uma semana após do lançamento oficial em 6 de junho de 2006, o álbum alcançou o primeiro lugar nas vendas da Itália. No entanto, o álbum recebeu fortes críticas e controvérsias pelo o uso constante de palavrões, a indiferença apresentada pro Fibra quando falava de temas provocantes, e os sua misógina opinião sobre as mulheres; temas encontrados por todo o álbum.

Após o sucesso de "Applausi per Fibra" ("Aplausos para Fibra", em português"), Fibra lançou o single "Su le Mani" ("Levantem as Mãos ", em português), tratando de temas urbanos simples. Este foi seguido pelo lançamento de "Mal di stomaco" ("Dor de estômago", em português), que se tornou rapidamente um sucesso, devido a originalidade do videoclipe da música. O vídeo "Mal di stomaco" é uma réplica da transmissão da SKY TG24, uma real estação de notícias via satélite, que informa sobre "a morte" de Fibra em um acidente de carro. A autenticidade do vídeo é selada com a "cobertura ao vivo" e reportagens, além de entrevistas de estrelas italianas famosas, como Fernanda Lessa, Eva Henger, Jimmy Ghione, o próprio produtor Big Fish, o colega rapper Vacca e Nesli. O vídeo termina com o corpo Fibra desaparecendo em um necrotério. O último single do album é "Idee stupide" ("Idéias Estúpidas", em português), com um vídeo em preto e branco que, embora não tão original quanto o vídeo anterior, usa uma montagem ao estilo do filme Rocky.

Em 2010,Tradimento ficou em segundo lugar em uma enquete de jornal na qual perguntava qual era o álbum mais importante da década na Itália.

Bugiardo (2007 - 2008)
Um ano  após o sucesso de Tradimento, Fibra lançou o seu único single de rua "Questo è il nuovo singolo" ("Este é o novo single"). Após esse lançamento, ele anunciou o seu quarto álbum, Bugiardo ("Mentiroso", em português). O primeiro single oficial do álbum foi a música-título "Bugiardo", lançada em 15 de outubro de 2007. Logo em seguida, o segundo single oficial a ser lançado foi "La Soluzione" ("A Solução", em português, que saiu em 9 de novembro de 2007, junto com o lançamento oficial do álbum.

Em 25 de abril de 2008, o Fibra lançou o single "In Italia" ("Na Itália, em português), com a cantora Gianna Nannini. A canção se tornou um hit de verão enorme, sendo o vídeo mais visto em Itália em 2008, ganhando uma nomeação ao MTV Europe Music Awards para Melhor Artista Italiano. In Italia é o vídeoclipe de Fibra mais visto, sendo responsável pelo seu sucesso fora do território italino.

Ainda em 2008, Fibra lançou uma segunda versão de "Bugiardo", incluindo a versão de "In Italia" com Nanni (a versão original era um remix feito por Big Fish).

Chi Vuole Essere Fabri Fibra?  (2009)
Em 10 de abril de 2009, Fibra lançou seu quinto álbum, intitulado Chi Vuole Essere Fabri Fibra? ("Quem Quer Ser Fabri Fibra?", em português). Junto ao álbum, ele lançou dois singles, intitulados "Incomprensioni" ("Incompreensões", com a participação de Federico Zampaglione) e "Speak English" ("Falar Inglês", em português). Este segundo discute as diferenças culturais entre a Itália e a Inglaterra. O vídeo filmado em Brighton, onde Fibra viveu e trabalhou por quatro anos. Uma das faixas do álbum, intitulado "Donna Famosa" ("Moça Famosa", em português), está entre as trilhas sonoras do videogame de futebol FIFA 10.

Apesar de sua qualidade musical, o álbum não conseguiu superar o sucesso de "Bugiardo" e "Tradimento".

Movimento Controcultura e suas consequências (2010 - 2011)
Em 18 de Fevereiro de 2010, a MTV italiana lançou um programa especial que passou em todas as noites de terças-feiras chamado Fabri Fibra: Italy. O programa, descrito como docu-drama de cinco episódios, tratava sobre a vida de jovens que viviam em desvantagens sociais por toda a Itália e Europa, citando casos da América do Sul e do Brasil. Em 4 de Maio de 2010, Fibra remasterizou o seu primeiro álbum, lançando-o como Turbe giovanilli Remaster, como o primeiro álbum do seu movimento de contracultura.

Em 20 de Julho de 2010, Fibra lançou o seu primeiro web-album, Quorum, que foi disponível gratuitamente para download em seu site oficial, que incluia músicas exclusivas que ele tinha lançado no site Youtube, além de uma Intro e de uma Outro.  Uma enorme controvérsia irrompeu com o lançamento de Quorum, pois em uma rima contida no álbum, o rapper insinua quase que explicamente uma alusão à alegada homossexualidade do cantor italiano Marco Mengoni. Em entrevistas posteriores, Fabri Fibra afirma que ele queria, com essa música, "soletrar a hipocrisia ainda presente na sociedade" de que a homossexualidade é formalmente aceita apenas no mundo da arte e entretenimento, enquanto na vida real ela é ainda objeto de discriminação. Nessa entrevista, o cantor afirma que ele queria encorajar todos os músicos a se aprofundarem sobre o tema e até mesmo se declararem homossexuais apenas para ajudar essas pessoas a viver mais livremente sua condição.

Sete dias depois, Fibra lançou Vip In Trip ("VIP na viagem", em português), o primeiro single do seu terceiro álbum do movimento de contracultura. O single ficou famoso por mostrar uma estética diferente dos vídeos de Fibra, fazendo uma clara referência ao vídeo Rock the Casbah, da banda The Clash, além de mostrar sátiras de dois políticos italianos, Silvio Berlusconi e Umberto Bossi. Outras sátiras inclui a referência a atriz Laura Chiatti e seu ex-namorado Francesco Arca, o que causou censura do vídeo em certas partes. No começo do vídeo, Fibra também faz uma referência a Wikipédia, na qual ele diz que o site o classifica como "rapper super legal".], Fibra lançou o primeiro single do novo álbum, a música "Vip In Trip". 7 de Setembro de 2010, Fibra lançou o seu sexto álbum, Controcultura ("Contracultura", em português), o último álbum de seu movimento de contracultura. "Controcultura" foi o primeiro álbum a alcançar o primeiro lugar em vendas na Ítalia desde o lançamento de "Tradimento", garantindo um disco de ouro para Fibra em 2010. O estilo do álbum segue como uma evolução do estilo apresentado em "Quorum", aonde a primeira faixa é uma abertura sem base musical, na qual simula uma antiga conversa de Fibra teve com sua mãe durante infãncia, mudando rapidamente para um ditado de Fibra, aonde ele fala rapidamente da sua vida e sobre mulheres. Cada faixa do álbum começa com uma pequena introdução, que varia de entrevistas feitas com pessoas comuns nas ruas da Ítalia opninando a respeito da figura de Fibra, como também representações teatrais, como Fibra comprando cocaína de um "Business Man" e um garotinho falando de uma casa mal assombrada.

Aproveitando o sucesso de "Controcultura", foi lançado em 19 de Novembro o single Tranne te ("Exceto você", em português) que, diferente de "Vip In Trip", volta ao estilo antigo de videoclipe de Fibra. O vídeo mostra todo o panorama musical do artista desde 2002, ressaltando as vendas, e os discos de ouros e de platina ganhado respectivamente em "Bugiardo", "Controcultura" e "Tradimento".

Em 26 de Janeiro de 2011, Fibra marca sua primeira atividade na década lançando o single Qualcuno normale ("Alguém normal", em português), também do álbum Controcultura, aonde ele canta ao lado do rapper Marracash. Diferente de "Vip in Trip" e "Tranne Te", o vídeo de "Qualcuno normale" mostra apenas Fibra e Marracash cantando, sem a participação externa ou uso de efeitos especias, na qual Fibra referencia como "estilo Fabri Fibra puro".

Em 1 de Maio de 2011, Fibra lançou sua primeira extended-play, o Tranne Te: Rap Futuristico EP ("Exceto Você: Rap Futurístico", em português), que contém remixes de Tranne Te. O CD inclui artistas como o rapper frances Soprano, e velhos conhecidos de Fibra como Redman, Marracash e Dargen D'Amico.   Logo depois, Fibra lançou em seu website um mixtape chamado Venerdì 17 ("Sexta-Feira 17", em português), assim como Quorum, foi lançado gratuitamente. O mixtape contém algumas músicas de estilo livre com outros artistas, assim como remixes de antigas músicas de Fibra e algumas novas. Em 9 de Maio, Fibra lançou o quarto single do álbum Controcultura, o vídeo Le Donne ("Mulheres", em português). O single foi feito como uma resposta de Fibra as longas acusações de misoginia que recebeu.

O ano de 2011 foi extremamente marcante para Fibra, que ganhou quatro prêmios consecutivos: um disco de platina pelo álbum Controcultura, um disco de multiplatina pelo single Tranne Te, o prêmio "Superman" da TRL Awards e um Wind Music Award. Essas premiações também renderam dois livros, ambos lançados em Novembro de 2011: uma biografia sobre o músico, intitulada "Io odio Fabri Fibra" ("Eu odeio o Fabri Fibra", em português), escrito por Michael Monina e publicado pela Salani Editore, na Itália ; e outro livro, com uma temática conspiratória, escrito pelo próprio rapper, intitulada "Dietrologia - I soldi non finiscono mai" ("Conspiração - O dinheiro nunca acabar", em português), com prefácio escrito pelo escritor Marco Travaglio.

Tempi Duri Records e Projeto Rapstar (2012)
No fim de 2011, Fabri Fibra lança sua própria gravadora, "Tempi Duri" ("Tempos Difíceis", em português), lançando muitos álbuns gratuitamente via download em seu site oficial.  No ano seguinte, Fibra anuncia a parceria com o rapper napolitano Clementino, formando a dupla Rapstar. Em 15 de Janeiro de 2012, Rapstar lança o single "Ci rimani male/Chimica Brother"  ("Mantemos o mal / Química de Irmãos", em português) contendo duas músicas do seu álbum de estreia, lançado no dia 31 do mesmo mês, intitulado "Non è gratis" ("Não é de graça", em português). Em 9 de Março de 2012 foi lançado outro single do álbum, intitulado "La Luce" ("A Luz", em português).

Guerra e Paz (2012 - Presente)
Em 29 de Junho, foi lançado no iTunes e distribuídos pelas rádio italianas um novo single de Fabri Fibra, intitulado  "L'italiano balla" ("As danças italianas", em português) em colaboração com os Crookers. Parte da renda da canção foi doada a instituições de caridade para a reconstrução de duas escolas de anto Agostinho, na província de Ferrara, destruídas pelos terremotos de 20 e 29 de Maio. No mesmo mês, Fibra anunciou através de sua página no Facebook, que a música poderá ser acoplada na gravação de seu sétimo álbum, que será chamado "Guerra e Pace" ("Guerra e Paz", em português), previsto para 05 de Fevereiro de 2013.

Em 31 de Julho de 2012, Fibra anunciou novamente através do Facebook, que renovou seu contrato com a Universal Music Group. E que antes do lançamento oficial do álbum, ele lançará um EP chamado "Casus Belli" ("Casos Belos", em português.), da mesma forma que lançou "Quorum", em 30 de Outubro de 2012.

Como produtor

Tempi Duri Records (2011 - presente)
Fundada no final de 2011 por Fabri Fibra com sua própria marca regitrada. Como primeiro trabalho, foi publicado em 20 de Setembro o álbum de Soundboy Entics (em parceria com a Sony Music Distribution) e em 1 de Outubro foi lançado uma mixtape em download gratuito, o álbum " Lo capisci l'italiano?! Rap Controcultura" ("Você entende italiano?! Rap da Contracultura", em português), do Dj Double S. Em 10 de Outubro também é publicado em download gratuito o álbum mixtape "Cattivo" ("Mau", em portguês) de Maxi B, que antecipou o lançamento de seu novo álbum, "L'ottavo Giorno Della Settimana" ("O oitavo dia da semana", em português), em distribuição pela Universal. Mais tarde, na página oficial da gravadora no Facebook, foi anunciado a entrada no rótulo a equipe Mastafive. Em 23 de Junho do mesmo ano, DJ Double S lança outro mixtape, "Al centro della scena" ("O centro da cena", em português).

Em 6 de Julho de 2012 é publicado para download gratuito o mixtape "MTV Spit per Tempi Duri" ("Os Tempos Difíceis da Spit MTV", em português), contendo músicas freestyle de vários artistas participantes.

Discografia

Solo
 1996 - Del mare quest'el gruv
 1999 - Sindrome di fine millenio
 2002 - Turbe giovanili
 2004 - Mr. Simpatia
 2005 - Mr. Simpatia (Live)
 2005 - Mr. Simpatia (Gold Edition)
 2006 - Tradimento
 2006 - Tradimento + Pensieri scomodi
 2007 - Bugiardo
 2008 - Bugiardo²: New Edition
 2009 - Chi vuole essere Fabri Fibra?
 2010 - Turbe giovanili Remaster
 2010 - Quorum (web-album)
 2010 - Controcultura
 2011 - Tranne Te: Rap Futuristico EP (EP)
 2011 - Venerdì 17 (Mixtape)
 2012 - Casus Belli (EP)
 2013 - Guerra e Pace

Com Rapstar
2012 - Non è gratis

Singles

Solo
 2006 -  Applausi per Fibra
 2006 -  Mal di stomaco
 2006 -  Su Le Mani
 2006 -  Idee Stupide
 2007 -  Questo è Il Nuovo Singolo
 2007 -  Bugiardo
 2008 -  La soluzione
 2008 -  In Italia feat. Gianna Nannini
 2009 -  Incomprensioni feat. Federico Zampaglione
 2009 -  Speak English
 2010 -  Festa Festa feat. Crookers & Dargen D'Amico
 2010 - Vip In Trip
 2010 - Tranne Te
 2011 - Qualcuno Normale feat. Marracash
 2011 - Le Donne
 2012 - L'italiano balla feat. Crookers
 2012 - Teoria e Pratica Remix feat. Ghemon & Mecna

Como Rapstar
2012 - Ci rimani male / Chimica Brother
2012 - La luce

Ligações externas
 Bibliografia na MTV
 Website Oficial
 MySpace Oficial de Fabri Fibra

Músicos da Itália
Naturais de Senigália

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bilo Bistro has for years been a favourite destination for Upingtonions and the whole Upington region.
We are situated at the entrance of Upington on the N14 from Olifantshoek.
Enjoy some of our finest cocktails and many more drinks.
Come and enjoy our delicious meals in or outside our restaurant.
Children can have play, whilst waiting for their food.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;

namespace orion
{
    public class Sparrow : GameComponent
    {
        public Vector2 bossPosition = new Vector2(100, 100);
        public Vector2 firePosition = new Vector2(0, 0);
        public List<EnemyFire> theEnemyFire = new List<EnemyFire>();
        public Game1 game;
        public bool checkAttack = false;
        public bool Visible;
        public bool enemyDeath = false;
        protected int randomDirection;
        protected int directionTimer;
        protected int directionTime = 900;
        protected int shotTimer = 1000;//850;
        protected int gameTimer = 0;
        protected int bossTime = 10000;
        protected int bossTimer = 0;
        protected int waitTime = 2000;
        protected int waitTimer = 0;
        protected Rectangle enemyRectangle;
        protected Random random;
        protected Rectangle screenBounds;
        public float health = 1500;
        public float maxHealth = 1500;
        private int speed = 5;
        public bool normalShot = false;
        public bool spawnBossEnemies = false;
        private bool inStartingSpot = false;
        private bool moveLeft, moveRight;
        // width and height of sprite in texture
        private int bShipWidth = 512;
        private int bShipHeight = 255;
        ContentManager fireContentManager;
        Texture2D bossShipTexture;
        public int damage = 10;

        // Boss fading stuff
        public bool bossFadein = true;
        public bool bossFadeOut = false;
        public bool bossFaded = false;
        int bossFadeValue = 1;
        int bossFadeIncrement = 3;
        double bossFadeDelay = .035;
        Int32 color1 = 0;
        Int32 color2 = 0;
        Int32 color3 = 0;

        // support enemy stuff

        public List<BossEnemy> bossEnemies = new List<BossEnemy>();
        public string enemyLoad = "BossEnemy1";
        public int enemyType;
        private int enemyCount = 0;
        private int enemyDeathCount = 0;
        private int totalEnemyCount = 25;
        private int enemySpawnTime = 400;
        private int enemySpawnTimer = 0;
        bool createFirstEnemy = false;
        ContentManager enemyContentManager;

        //Death sequence variables
        float alpha = 1;
        int deathTimer = 0;
        int deathPause = 300;
        float rValue = 1;

        public Sparrow(Game game)
            : base(game)
        {
            this.game = (Game1)game;
            bossPosition = new Vector2();

            enemyRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, bShipWidth, bShipHeight);
#if XBOX360
            //on the 360, we need to be carefule about the TV's "safe" area.
            screenBounds = new Rectangle(
                    (int)(Game.Window.ClientBounds.Width * 0.03f),
                    (int)(Game.Window.ClientBounds.Height * 0.03f),
                    Game.Window.ClientBounds.Width -
                    (int)(Game.Window.ClientBounds.Width * 0.03f),
                    Game.Window.ClientBounds.Height -
                    (int)(Game.Window.ClientBounds.Height * 0.03f));
#else
            screenBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0,
                Game.Window.ClientBounds.Width,
                Game.Window.ClientBounds.Height);
#endif

            random = new Random(this.GetHashCode());
        }

        public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager)
        {
            fireContentManager = theContentManager;
            enemyContentManager = theContentManager;

            bossShipTexture = theContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Boss1");

            foreach (EnemyFire enemyShot in theEnemyFire)
            {
                enemyShot.LoadContent(theContentManager);
            }

            if (inStartingSpot == false)
            {
                bossPosition.X = screenBounds.Width / 2;
                bossPosition.Y = screenBounds.Top + 64;
                inStartingSpot = true;
            }
        }

        public override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            if (game.gameIsOver == true)
            {
                for (int i = bossEnemies.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    BossEnemy enemy = bossEnemies[i];
                    enemy.Update(gameTime);
                    bossEnemies[i] = enemy; // you need this is Enemy is a value type
                    bossEnemies.Remove(enemy);
                    enemyCount = 0;
                }
            }
            if (Visible == true)
            {
                if (health <= 0 && deathTimer > deathPause)
                {
                    enemyDeath = true;
                }

                //Death sequence
                 if (health <= 0)
                {
                    alpha -= .01f;
                    deathTimer += 1;
                    if (alpha <= 0)
                        rValue -= .05f;
                    else
                        game.addExplosion(new Vectors(bossPosition.X + random.Next(0, 384), bossPosition.Y + random.Next(0, 128)));
                    return;
                }

                if (bossPosition.X < screenBounds.Left)
                {
                    bossPosition.X = screenBounds.Left;
                }

                if (bossPosition.X > screenBounds.Width - bShipWidth)
                {
                    bossPosition.X = screenBounds.Width - bShipWidth;
                }

                if (bossPosition.Y < screenBounds.Top)
                {
                    bossPosition.Y = screenBounds.Top;
                }

                if (bossPosition.Y > screenBounds.Height - (bShipHeight))
                {
                    bossPosition.Y = screenBounds.Height - (bShipHeight);
                }

                if (directionTimer >= directionTime && spawnBossEnemies == false && bossFadein == false && bossFadeOut == false)
                {
                    randomDirection = 1 + random.Next(2);
                    directionTimer = 0;
                    switch (randomDirection)
                    {
                        case 1: // move left
                            {
                                moveLeft = true;
                                moveRight = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        case 2: // move right
                            {
                                moveRight = true;
                                moveLeft = false;
                                break;
                            }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (spawnBossEnemies == false && bossFadein == false && bossFadeOut == false)
                    {
                        directionTimer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
                    }
                }
                if (moveLeft == true)
                {
                    bossPosition.X -= speed;
                }
                if (moveRight == true)
                {
                    bossPosition.X += speed;
                }

                if (bossTimer >= bossTime && bossFadein == false && bossFadeOut == false)
                {
                    bossTimer = 0;
                    spawnBossEnemies = true;
                    bossFadeOut = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (spawnBossEnemies == false && bossFadein == false && bossFadeOut == false)
                    {
                        bossTimer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
                    }
                }

                if (bossFadein == true)
                {
                    bossFadeDelay -= gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;

                    if (bossFadeDelay <= 0)
                    {
                        bossFadeDelay = .035;

                        bossFadeValue += bossFadeIncrement;
                        color1 += 3;
                        color2 += 3;
                        color3 += 3;

                        if (bossFadeValue >= 255)
                        {
                            bossFadein = false;
                        }

                    }
                }

                if (bossFadeOut == true)
                {
                    bossFadeDelay -= gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;

                    if (bossFadeDelay <= 0)
                    {
                        bossFadeDelay = .035;

                        bossFadeValue -= bossFadeIncrement;
                        color1 -= 3;
                        color2 -= 3;
                        color3 -= 3;

                        if (bossFadeValue <= 0)
                        {
                            bossFadeOut = false;
                            bossFaded = true;
                        }

                    }
                }

                if (bossFaded == true && spawnBossEnemies == true)
                {
                    if (waitTimer >= waitTime)
                    {
                        waitTimer = 0;
                        if (createFirstEnemy == false)
                        {
                            CreateEnemy();
                            createFirstEnemy = true;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        waitTimer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
                    }

                }

                for (int i = bossEnemies.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    BossEnemy enemy = bossEnemies[i];
                    enemy.Update(gameTime);
                    bossEnemies[i] = enemy; // you need this is Enemy is a value type
                    if (enemy.enemyDeath == true)
                    {
                        newPowerUpTime(gameTime);
                        bossEnemies.Remove(enemy);
                        enemyDeathCount++;
                        game.theScore.score += 100;
                    }
                }

                foreach (PowerUp powerUp in game.thePowerUp)
                {
                    powerUp.Update(gameTime);
                }

                if (enemySpawnTimer >= enemySpawnTime && createFirstEnemy == true
                    && enemyCount <= totalEnemyCount)
                {
                    if (spawnBossEnemies == true)
                    {
                        CreateEnemy();
                        enemySpawnTimer = 0;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    enemySpawnTimer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
                }

                if (enemyDeathCount == totalEnemyCount + 1)
                {
                    bossFaded = false;
                    bossFadein = true;
                    spawnBossEnemies = false;
                    enemyDeathCount = 0;
                    enemySpawnTimer = 0;
                    waitTimer = 0;
                    bossTimer = 0;
                    enemyCount = 0;
                    createFirstEnemy = false;
                }

                foreach (EnemyFire enemyShot in theEnemyFire)
                {
                    enemyShot.Update(gameTime);
                }

                for (int i = theEnemyFire.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    EnemyFire shot = theEnemyFire[i];
                    shot.Update(gameTime);
                    theEnemyFire[i] = shot; // you need this is Shot is a value type

                    if ((shot.enemyFirePosition.Y >= Game.Window.ClientBounds.Height) ||
                    (shot.enemyFirePosition.Y >= Game.Window.ClientBounds.Width) || (shot.enemyFirePosition.Y < 4))
                    {
                        theEnemyFire.Remove(shot);
                    }
                }

                if (bossFadein == false && bossFaded == false && bossFadeOut == false)
                    DoCollisionLogic(gameTime);

                if (gameTimer >= shotTimer && spawnBossEnemies == false && bossFadein == false)
                {
                    gameTimer = 0;
                    Shoot();
                }

                else
                {
                    gameTimer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds;
                }

                if (checkAttack == true)
                {
                    health -= damage;
                    game.audio.soundPlay(game.audio.sfx_hit);
                    checkAttack = false;
                }
            }

            base.Update(gameTime);
        }

        public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
        {
            if (Visible == true)
            {

                //DrawDeathsequence
                if (health <= 0 )
                {
                    Color color;
                    byte alphaValue = (byte)(MathHelper.Clamp(alpha, 0, 1) * 255);
                    byte red = (byte)(MathHelper.Clamp(rValue, 0, 1) * 255);
                    color = new Color(red, alphaValue, alphaValue, alphaValue);
                    spriteBatch.Draw(bossShipTexture, bossPosition, color);
                    return;
                }

                if (bossFadein == true)
                {
                    spriteBatch.Draw(bossShipTexture, new Rectangle((int)bossPosition.X, (int)bossPosition.Y, bossShipTexture.Width, bossShipTexture.Height),
                     new Color(color1, color2, color3, (byte)MathHelper.Clamp(bossFadeValue, 0, 255)));
                }

                if (bossFadein == false && bossFadeOut == false && bossFaded == false)
                {
                    spriteBatch.Draw(bossShipTexture, bossPosition, enemyRectangle, Color.White);
                }

                if (bossFadeOut == true)
                {
                    spriteBatch.Draw(bossShipTexture, new Rectangle((int)bossPosition.X, (int)bossPosition.Y, bossShipTexture.Width, bossShipTexture.Height),
                     new Color(color1, color2, color3, (byte)MathHelper.Clamp(bossFadeValue, 0, 255)));
                }

                foreach (EnemyFire enemyShot in theEnemyFire)
                {
                    enemyShot.Draw(spriteBatch);
                }

                foreach (BossEnemy enemy in bossEnemies)
                {
                    enemy.Draw(spriteBatch);
                }
            }
        }

        public Rectangle GetBounds()
        {
            return new Rectangle((int)bossPosition.X, (int)bossPosition.Y,
                bShipWidth, bShipHeight);
        }

        public void Shoot()
        {
            if (Visible == true)
            {
                bool createNew = true;

                foreach (EnemyFire enemyShot in theEnemyFire)
                {
                    if (enemyShot.Visible == false)
                    {
                        createNew = false;
                        //enemyShot.Fire(firePosition);
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (createNew == true)
                {
                    EnemyFire enemyShot = new EnemyFire(game);
                    enemyShot.LoadContent(fireContentManager);
                    firePosition = new Vector2(bossPosition.X + 67, bossPosition.Y + 125);
                    enemyShot.Fire(firePosition);
                    enemyShot.directionSelect = 1 + random.Next(2);
                    theEnemyFire.Add(enemyShot);
                    EnemyFire enemyShot2 = new EnemyFire(game);
                    enemyShot2.LoadContent(fireContentManager);
                    firePosition = new Vector2(bossPosition.X + 117, bossPosition.Y + 125);
                    enemyShot2.Fire(firePosition);
                    enemyShot2.directionSelect = 1 + random.Next(2);
                    theEnemyFire.Add(enemyShot2);
                    EnemyFire enemyShot3 = new EnemyFire(game);
                    enemyShot3.LoadContent(fireContentManager);
                    firePosition = new Vector2(bossPosition.X + 377, bossPosition.Y + 125);
                    enemyShot3.Fire(firePosition);
                    enemyShot3.directionSelect = 1 + random.Next(2);
                    theEnemyFire.Add(enemyShot3);
                    EnemyFire enemyShot4 = new EnemyFire(game);
                    enemyShot4.LoadContent(fireContentManager);
                    firePosition = new Vector2(bossPosition.X + 427, bossPosition.Y + 125);
                    enemyShot4.Fire(firePosition);
                    enemyShot4.directionSelect = 1 + random.Next(2);
                    theEnemyFire.Add(enemyShot4);
                }
            }
        }
        private void DoCollisionLogic(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            if (Visible == true)
            {
                bool hasCollision = false;
                Rectangle playerRectangle = game.thePlayer.GetBounds();

                for (int i = theEnemyFire.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                {
                    EnemyFire shot = theEnemyFire[i];
                    shot.Update(gameTime);
                    theEnemyFire[i] = shot; // you need this is Shot is a value type
                    hasCollision = shot.CheckCollision(playerRectangle);
                    if (hasCollision)
                    {
                        game.thePlayerHealth.checkAttack = true;
                        game.thePlayerHealth.rumble = true;
                        //game.thePlayerHealth.theFlash = true;
                        theEnemyFire.Remove(shot);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        private void CreateEnemy()
        {
            bool createNew = true;
            foreach (BossEnemy enemy in bossEnemies)
            {
                if (enemy.Visible == false)
                {
                    createNew = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (createNew == true && enemyCount <= totalEnemyCount)
            {
                BossEnemy enemy = new BossEnemy(game);
                enemy.Create();
                enemy.LoadContent(enemyContentManager);
                bossEnemies.Add(enemy);
                enemyCount++;
            }
        }
        public void newPowerUpTime(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            bool createNew = true;
            foreach (PowerUp powerUp in game.thePowerUp)
            {
                if (powerUp.dropPowerUp == false && powerUp.Visible == true)
                {
                    createNew = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (createNew == true && game.powerCount < 4)
            {
                PowerUp thePU = new PowerUp(game);
                thePU.Update(gameTime);
                game.thePowerUp.Add(thePU);
                game.powerCount++;
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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In the local courts, the common-law wife of a man on remand has brought a charge against a tour guide. Twenty-nine year old Geraldine Castillo has accused Dennis Tillett of shooting at her. But according to Tillett, Castillo fabricated the story because he refused to drop a case against her husband, who is now awaiting trial. Michael Young, also known as Ham, is charged with Aggravated Assault for allegedly shooting at Tillett on Saturday near Elston Kerr Street. But now it is Tillett who is charged with assaulting Young's wife and is now behind bars along with Young. According to Castillo, on Tuesday night she was socializing with her brother on Raccoon Street Extension when she saw a man give Tillett a gun, which he fired in her direction, but missed. Tillett was remanded to Hattieville Prison until March thirtieth. But before Tillett left the court room, he told Magistrate Aretha Ford that Castillo's story was fabricated and that at the time of the alleged shooting, he was at his mother's house. He added that Castillo went to his house after her husband Michael Young was jailed and threatened that if he does not drop the charge against him, she will make sure he too goes to jail. Tillett was unrepresented in court but his mother told News Five that she will seek the assistance of an attorney to apply for bail for him as soon as possible.
if tillett has an alibi they should seek it out.get to the bottom of it.why are these guys fighting with each other?all i have to say is that if they are trying to be bad there goes a saying bad man goes 6feet under.and any of these guys that wants or think that they can run elston kerr st they have a next think coming.
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Who is benefiting from the Xate contract?


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text:
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1010 Carondelet Drive Suite 426 Kansas City, Missouri 64114 United States
Confluence Health | Wenatchee Valley Hospital & Clinics
WVH&C Clinical Research, established in 1990 has experience conducting Phase I-IV studies. With over 350 physicians and advanced practice clinicians, we serve approximately 125,000 unique patients and provide over 675,000 patient visits per year.
820 N Chelan Ave Wenatchee, Washington 98801 United States
Futuro Clinical Trials
812 Lindberg Avenue McAllen, Texas 78501 United States
Northwest Clinical Trials, Inc.
Working towards the health of future generations
888 N. Cole Road Boise, Idaho 83704 United States
"Where the medicines of tomorrow are evaluated today."
400 BALD HILL ROAD WARWICK, Rhode Island 2886 United States
Therapeutic Areas: Podiatry
Populations: Adolescent 11-17 yrs
'Clear all filters...
Therapeutic Areas: Podiatry'
Addiction/Substance Abuse, Allergies, Anaesthetics, Anesthesiology, Anti-infectives/Infectious disease, Autoimmune diseases, Behaviorial Medicine, Cardiology/Vascular Diseases, Central Nervous System, Community Health, Cosmetology, Critical Care, Dental/Maxillofacilal Medicine, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine/Trauma, Endocrinology, Epidemiology, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Healthy Volunteers, Hematology, Hepatology, Immunology, Internal Medicine, Medical Devices, Men's Health, Microbiology, Musculoskeletal, Nephrology, Neurology, Nontraditional Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Occupational Medicine, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Osteopathics, Otolaryngology, Pain Management, Palliative Care, Pediatrics, Pharmacology, Physiotherapy, Podiatry, Psychiatry, Pulmonary/Respiratory Diseases, Radiation Oncology, Radiology, Radiotherapy, Rehabilitation Medicine, Renal, Rheumatology, Rural Health, Sexology, Sleep Disorders, Sports Medicine, Stroke, Surgery, Toxicology, Transplantation, Urology, Vaccines, Weight Management, Women's Health, Wounds, [None]
Phases of clinical studiesPhase I, Phase II, Phase III, Phase IV, [None]
Types of studiesBiologics, Drugs, Medical Devices, Nutraceuticals, Vaccines, [None]
Populations: Adolescent 11-17 yrs'Infant 0-1yr, Child 2-10 yrs, Adolescent 11-17 yrs, Adult 18-64 yrs, Senior 65 yrs and over, [None]
Clinical Research Site Network, [None]
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, [None]
Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, [None]


You may have heard countless people ramble on about how the world of investors has no place for emotions, but what if we told you that every investment is the eventuality of a specific configuration of human emotions. In fact, the recent policy shifts in the Singapore property market made it crystal clear how integral social behavior is towards dictating economic trends. The Ministry of National Development raised the proposal of providing a series of incentives for older couples who choose to move out of mature estates in order to move in close to their children in non-mature estates.
This measure not only reflects the triumph of the heartwarming "Closer Families, Stronger Ties" mantra in Singaporean society, but also facilitates a way to free up more units in mature estates, so that it is more financially prosperous for young married children to stay in close proximity with their parents.
According to an MND-commissioned survey conducted on over 2000 Singaporean citizens, nearly 55% of singles claimed that they would ideally prefer to live with their parents after marriage; whereas, 65% of young couples intended to live close to their parents after marriage. As a result, the government has looked into the possibility of green-lighting more Three-Generation flats for joint families as well as financial benefits for older couples shifting from mature to non-mature estates.
In order to qualify for this scheme, you must be aged 55 and above. Leveraging this option allows senior citizens selling off their HDB flats enjoy a handsome S$20,000 bonus provided they join CPF Life. This housing bonus is remitted by allocating S$15,000 in cash and $5,000 to the CPF accounts of the senior citizens applying for this scheme.
The ideal way to capitalize on this opportunity is to acquire the proceeds from the sale of their old home to boost up their CPF savings to the required Minimum Sum threshold. Therefore, all amounts above this limit can be cashed out by the beneficiary. The Silver Housing Bonus coupled with the CPF kickbacks will offer a great deal of liquidity to the people who choose to exercise this option.
In order to qualify for this scheme, you must be aged 63 and above, and own a flat with 3 rooms or less. Under this scheme, one can sell part of their flat's lease to HDB and uphold it for a 30 year term. The monetary proceeds acquired through this deal can be channeled into your CPF Retirement Account along with an cash entitlement worth S$20,000.
On the flipside, the household loses long-term ownership rights to the HDB property and will not be legally cleared to pass it down to the next generation.
Apart from these benefits, the Singaporean government is also proactively analyzing the feasibility of a reverse mortgage scheme that can significantly boost the income each household can receive as a more aggressive elixir against the poison of inflation.
By tapping into this scheme, owners retain the lease of their HDB flat in its entirety and take a loan against it as collateral. Upon termination of the loan period or death of the debtor, the principal as well as the interest is recovered by selling the HDB flat. The success of this scheme will be wholly dependent on the structure of the loan offered to the senior citizens.
For those seeking solitude in retirement, there is some great news as property developer WCL announced its plans to build Singapore's very first retirement living community over 10,170 sq. meters of land in Jalan Jurong Kechil.
According to the tender granted to them by the government, the project construction must be accomplished by November 2017. The developer plans to build small studio apartments in close proximity with each other along with special infrastructure including activity rooms, cafeterias, restaurants, and medical clinics.


This article is about the legal term. For the work by David Sedaris, see Theft by Finding: Diaries (1977–2002).
In the United States, if the owner of a property has renounced all property rights in the object, then the property is abandoned. Since theft is the unlawful taking of another person's property, an essential element of the actus reus of theft is absent.
The finder of lost property acquires a possessory right by taking physical control of the property, but does not necessarily have ownership of the property. The finder must take reasonable steps to locate the owner. If the finder shows that reasonable steps to find the owner have been taken then the finder may establish that the required mens rea for theft, the intention to deprive the owner permanently, is absent.
An issue may arise when a person takes possession of lost property with the intention of returning it to the owner after inquiry but later converts the property to the finder's use. This is illustrated by Thompson v. Nixon  3 W.L.R. 501: an off duty police constable found a bag of rabbit food lying by the roadside, took it home intending to hand it in as lost property but some time after decided to keep it for his own use. He was found guilty at first instance but his ultimate appeal to the Divisional Court was upheld. The appellate court held that, at the time of finding, there was no mens rea to support a conviction of larceny. In some jurisdictions this has been addressed by statute; see, for example, s. 124, Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) allowing a jury to reach an alternative verdict of "fraudulent appropriation".
^ a b c Tooher, Joycey (2008). "finding of property". In Peter Cane and Joanne Conaghan (ed.). The New Oxford Companion to Law (Oxford Reference Online. ed.). Oxford University Press Inc. ISBN 9780199290543. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
^ a b c A. E. S. Tay (Jul 1964). "Bridges v. Hawkesworth and the Early History of Finding". The American Journal of Legal History. 8 (3): 224–237. JSTOR 844171.
^ "Larceny by Finding (reprinted from the Law Times (London))". The American Law Register. 7 (6): 381–383. Apr 1859. JSTOR 3302356.
^ T. Hadden (Nov 1965). "Larceny by Finding. How Not to Reform the Law". The Cambridge Law Journal. 23 (2): 173–175. doi:10.1017/s0008197300082635. JSTOR 4505022.
This page was last edited on 7 March 2019, at 18:54 (UTC).


Like rockets, jet engines propel an aeroplane with a stream of hot gases. Unlike rockets, which produce hot gas as a result of burning an explosive mixture, jet engines burn fuel in the air that they draw in at the front of the engine?
Air enters the front of the engine and is compressor wheel. Fuel is injected into the compressed air, burns fiercely and expands. The hot gas rushes out of the jet pipe at the rear of the engine. The hot gas passes through a turbine, which drives the compressor at the front of the engine.


The Internet was born in the form of global networking for computers. This was the beginning of a revolutionary change.
The first e-mail was sent.
The World Wide Web was widely available to the public.
Dating webpages are emerging, AIM is being developed, a small degree of online networks and communities were being established.
As of 1998 you could browse lists of friends on SixDegrees and view the web of connections your friends had with any other user on the site.
Instant messaging reaches a high level of popularity as it allows people to conduct real time conversations.
Live Journal (LJ) emerges as a user-friendly blogging platform. It allowed anyone to take up blogging (at this stage blogging was used predominantly in a journal or diary capacity). LJ also allowed users to connect with each other and follow other blogs.
Ryze.com launched which wasn't based solely around social networking but also business networking. Ryze was first introduced by its founder to members of the technology and business community in San Francisco which included the investors and developers who would go on to create tripe.net, LinkedIn and Friendster.
Friendster launches. Friendster was the beginning of the online friending sensation. Initially launched to compete with online dating service match.com Friendster was unique in that it was about friends of friends meeting rather than strangers connecting. Friendster attracted 300,000 users through word of mouth before traditional forms of advertising began in 2003. The rapid growth of Friendster proved to be a huge problem logistically and the page often crashed, users gradually replaced it with e-mail and the site folded shortly after.
Myspace is launched. Initially seen as a Friendster clone Myspace quickly became the most popular social networking site in America. An internet marketing firm developed Myspace in a mere 10 days. Very few journalists or digital analysts noticed the launch of Myspace however as people alienated by issues with Friendster began to latch on, Myspace grew rapidly.
Mark Zuckerberg invented Facebook in his Harvard dorm. Most people are familiar with the story due to the film The Social Network. The impact this development would have on the digital age was incomprehensible at the time. In 2010 Facebook had 350 million global users, 2011 saw a jump to half a billion users, in 2012 Facebook has 840 million users, a number which grows daily. Over 9 million of these users are Australian.
YouTube was founded. It was the first platform allowing the public to view upload and share videos.
Twitter is first launched marking the start of micro blogging. By 2010 Twitter had accumulated 75 million users, with around 15 million actively involved in the platform; in 2012 this number has exploded to over 485 million users worldwide.
Apple Launches IPhone, which began a change in the ways we can use social media. Smart phones allowed for instant access to social media, posting in real time became a reality and slowly a necessity to keep users satisfied.
The "Hashtag" was invented by Twitter user Chris Messina as a way to organise and group posts. It also allowed users to search for posts on specific topics or follow trending themes.
Facebook has doubled Myspace's users reaching over 200 million, surpassing it as the favoured social networking site.
Tumblr is launched. In 2012 Tumblr is the host of over 50 million blogs and is used by businesses and individuals alike to share thoughts, images and videos.
Instagram is launched as an app for IPhones; it can connect to a variety of social media platforms but has no true home beyond the smartphone app. Within two years Instagram has over 50 million users worldwide.
Pinterest is born. With over 10 million users (97%) of which are female the user base of the platform grew over 400% between august and September 2011. Pinterest is still gaining an Australian following, accounting for only 1.9% of the users whereas America accounts for 44% of users. The Australian following is growing daily.
Instagram is bought by Facebook for $1 billion. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg says at this stage he plans to keep Instagram independent of Facebook.
Facebook was floated on the stock market with shares priced at US$38 in the largest ever IPO for a technology firm.