text:
Steve McClaren hails Jonjo Shelvey's debut as Newcastle claim vital win over West Ham
Steve McClaren hailed debutant Jonjo Shelvey after Newcastle win
Magpies climbed out of bottom three with a 2-1 home win over West Ham
Midfielder played crucial part in both goals scored in opening 15 minutes
By Damian Spellman, Press Association Sport
Newcastle head coach Steve McClaren hailed debutant Jonjo Shelvey after seeing him inspire his new club to a priceless 2-1 Barclays Premier League victory over West Ham.
The Magpies climbed out of the bottom three as a result of their win - their first in a Saturday 3pm kick-off since February last year - although £12million signing Shelvey could yet find himself in hot water with the Football Association after an off-the-ball clash with Enner Valencia.
Newcastle raced into a 2-0 lead with just 15 minutes gone and Shelvey played a part in both goals, feeding the ball into Georginio Wijnaldum to set up Ayoze Perez and then picking out Daryl Janmaat with a raking cross-field ball and watching as the full-back crossed for Wijnaldum to score.
Steve McClaren embraces Newcastle's new signing Jonjo Shelvey after he made an impressive debut
Shelvey played a part in both goals as Newcastle climbed out of the bottom three with a 2-1 win over West Ham
McClaren said: 'You always worry, the first game. Will he blend in? Will he fit into the team, the balance? It was a perfect balance.
'That first pass forward created the first goal and that cross-field just gives you, because of the speed of it, that extra two seconds that the defence can't recover.
'That's the difference between top-quality midfield players and average ones. He's got the potential to be top. There's a long way to go, but it's a nice start.'
The only blot on Shelvey's copybook was his 38th-minute collision with Valencia in which he appeared to body-check the striker, although he was not punished at the time.
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Newcastle boss McClaren said the England midfielder gave his side 'the perfect balance' on Saturday
McClaren, however, dismissed the incident and was adamant there should be no repercussions.
He said: 'I have seen it. It was more handbags. Come on - we're a contact sport. It was shoulder to shoulder and he (Valencia) couldn't move Jonjo Shelvey.
'I have watched it. Let's just talk about the game, not stupid little incidents that might make headlines.
'The headlines should be about the game, should be about the three points and should be about the win, more positive than that.'
McClaren insisted that Shelvey had the potential to become a top quality midfielder at the North East club
Slaven Bilic was less than impressed by West Ham's first-half display and said they got what they deserved
Half-time substitute Nikica Jelavic pulled a goal back for the visitors within four minutes of his arrival to spark a concerted fightback by his side, but, although Rob Elliot had to pull of a fine late save from Cheikhou Kouyate, there was no way back.
Hammers boss Slaven Bilic was less than impressed by his team's first-half display and admitted they got exactly what they deserved from a game which brought their first defeat in 10 outings in all competitions.
Bilic said: 'We prepared for the game all week and had a good warm-up and everything, so I thought we were going to start better because we were the team that should have started with more confidence than them because we were up in the table, we were unbeaten for a number of games.
'They have improved a lot recently, but still they were down and we were counting on the confidence to be on our side. Unfortunately, that wasn't the case.
Nikica Jelavic pulled a goal back for the visitors but they could not make up for the poor first-half performance
'We have to give them credit, Newcastle, who started bright and good and everything, but definitely we helped them in that.
'In the second half, we can talk about positive things. We can talk about good spirit, turning the game a little bit around, scoring a goal and then putting them under pressure and having a few chances at the end of the game.
'We had a great chance to equalise. Also they had chances in the second half on the counter-attack as we took that risk, so we could have nicked a point and it wouldn't be the first time.
'But to be fair, we have to admit, unfortunately, that they were better and they deserved to beat us, they deserved three points especially with their performance in the first half.'


text:
Helga Maria Schmid (* 8. Dezember 1960 in Dachau) ist eine deutsche Diplomatin. Seit 2021 ist sie Generalsekretärin der Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE). Zuvor war Schmid unter anderem Generalsekretärin des Europäischen Auswärtigen Dienstes (EAD).

Studium und Ausbildung
Nach dem Abitur studierte Schmid von 1980 bis 1987 Romanische Sprachen, Literatur, Geschichte und Politik an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und der Sorbonne in Paris. Sie schloss das Studium mit Magister Artium ab. Anschließend studierte sie an der Diplomatischen Akademie in Wien Völker- und Europarecht, Wirtschaft und internationale Beziehungen (1988–1990).

Laufbahn und außenpolitische Rolle
1988 trat Schmid in den auswärtigen Dienst ein und absolvierte bis 1990 die Diplomatenausbildung. In den folgenden Jahren war sie unter anderem als Pressereferentin in der Deutschen Botschaft in Washington, D.C. tätig. Von 1994 bis 1998 arbeitete Schmid als Referentin im Büro von Außenminister Klaus Kinkel. Die gleiche Funktion hatte sie von 1998 bis 2000 bei Außenminister Joschka Fischer inne.

Zwischen 2000 und 2005 folgten verschiedene Führungspositionen in der Zentrale des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin. Darunter war sie von 2003 bis 2005 Leiterin des Politischen Stabes und Leiterin des Ministerbüros, bis sie im Jahr 2006 Direktorin der Strategieplanungs- und Frühwarneinheit (Policy Unit) des Hohen Vertreters für Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, Javier Solana, im Generalsekretariat des Rates der Europäischen Union in Brüssel wurde. Diese Funktion bekleidete sie bis 2010.

Nach Gründung des Europäischen Auswärtigen Dienstes wurde Schmid 2010 stellvertretende Generalsekretärin für politische Fragen. In dieser Funktion war sie an den Verhandlungen mit dem Iran über dessen Atomprogramm beteiligt. Ihre Aufgabe bestand darin, mit Abbas Araghchi (Vize für Außenpolitik und internationale Sicherheit des Generalsekretärs des Hohen Rates für Nationale Sicherheit Irans) zu verhandeln und somit die Gespräche auf nächsthöherer Ebene, die vorerst noch auf technischer Ebene erfolgten, fortzuführen.

Im Zuge diplomatischer Bemühungen um eine Lösung der Krise in der Ukraine wurden Anfang Februar 2014 kritische, offenbar abgehörte Äußerungen Schmids über die Politik der USA bekannt, als deren Diplomatin Victoria Nuland durch die abgelauschte Äußerung "Fuck the EU" in die Schlagzeilen geraten war. "Die Amerikaner gehen ein bisschen herum und erzählen, dass wir zu weich sind, während sie stärker sind und auf Sanktionen gehen", sagte Schmid demnach zu Jan Tombiński, dem EU-Botschafter in Kiew. Das Vorgehen der Amerikaner sei "wirklich sehr unfair".

Bei den Aushandlungen um die Atomvereinbarung der EU-3 mit dem Iran, die 2015 erfolgreich abgeschlossen wurden, war Schmid als Hauptautorin des 100-Seiten-Vertrages diejenige, die den genauen Wortlaut des Textes Schritt für Schritt mit dem späteren Präsidenten Rouhani verhandelt hatte, der damals der iranische Chefunterhändler im Atomstreit war.

Im September 2016 wurde Helga Schmid Nachfolgerin von Alain Le Roy als Generalsekretärin des EAD. Am 2. Dezember 2020 wurde sie auf Vorschlag der Botschafter der 57 OSZE-Mitgliedsstaaten in einer internen Sitzung im Rahmen eines vom albanischen OSZE-Vorsitz vorgeschlagene Personalpakets als neue Vorsitzende gewählt. Der formelle Beschluss wurde vom OSZE-Ministerrat am 4. Dezember gefällt.

Auszeichnungen
Im Jahr 2009 erhielt Helga Schmid die Medaille für besondere Verdienste um Bayern in einem Vereinten Europa. Im November 2015 verlieh Bundesaußenminister Frank-Walter Steinmeier ihr das Bundesverdienstkreuz I. Klasse, im Januar 2017 erhielt sie die Manfred-Wörner-Medaille.

Weblinks

 Politisches Frühstück mit Helga Schmid (Körber-Stiftung)

Einzelnachweise

Diplomat der Europäischen Union
Deutscher Diplomat
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes 1. Klasse
Träger des Ordens des Marienland-Kreuzes (III. Klasse)
Deutscher
Geboren 1960
Frau
Person (Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How do I apply a white vignette to a photo in photoshop elements 9? My computer is windows. In the guided section under create a lomo effect there is a tab that says apply vignette but it is black. I would like to do the same but in white.
hi teresa, i do not have nine but perhaps the color of your vignette depends on your foreground color try switching the colors before you do the vignette.
I'm not sure if this is want you want or not. I am thinking of black and white as really another way to say a dark vignette as opposed to a light vignette. In this example I put a blank layer on top and filled with 50% Gray; changed the blend mode to Overlay.
What I did was create a new blank layer above my pic and filled it with white. Added a layer mask and used the black to white gradient tool set on radial and experimented with drawing from the center out.
Choose the rectangular marque tool. On the menu bar put in a feather amount. The higher the number, the larger and more gradual your vignette fade will be. I often use about 100 pixels for my photos.
In the layers pallette Ctrl Click on the vignette layer thumbnail itself to get the marching ants around the vignette. Choose Edit > Fill Selection, Use White.
This is what I am looking for. Thanks! I will try these ideas tonight!
teresa looking forward to seeing your creation.
Can't get it to stay on the rectangle. I selected the rectangle tool and drew my rectangle around the picture. When I released the mosse button, it converted to an oval. Why did it do that? I have tried several times.
Courtney told you ... Choose the rectangular marque tool. On the menu bar put in a feather amount. The higher the number, the larger and more gradual your vignette fade will be. I often use about 100 pixels for my photos.
When you select a feather amount, that's going to round the corners of the rectangle. And, you want that to happen for it to look like a vignette. The higher the "feather number", the more it is going to round the corners. If you are working with a relatively low resolution image, then a suggested feather of 100 px may be too high; it sure will look like an oval.
If I am working with an image out of my camera cropped at, say, 4 x 6, that image has a resolution of over 600 px and I will use a feather amount greater than 100.
Try it again. Look in the lower left corner of your edit screen to see what is the resolution of your image.
For starters, use a feather number that is about 1/4th of that number. In this case: 300 / 4 = 75. See what that looks like with the feather set at "75". You can always delete the created layer and try it again with a different feather number, greater or smaller, and just keep doing that until you get one you like.


text:
Kalyana Paravaigal is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language film directed by P.K.S.Maniraj, produced by Augustine Fernandez and Joseph Martin for Nirmal Cine Creations starring Deepa and Radha Ravi . The film was advertised as the 100th film of actress Deepa ( Unnimary ).

Cast

Deepa
Radha Ravi

References

1980 films
1988 films
1980s Tamil-language films


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text:
Q: Webpack bundles jQuery but I can't use it I'm a beginner with Webpack and simply stuck.
I'm trying to bundle jQuery plugins and have them in a plugins-bundled.js file.
Then I have my local scripts file where all jQuery code goes. These 2 files are loaded in HTML in order 1. plugins-bundled.js 2. scripts.js But then I got error in a console Uncaught ReferenceError: jQuery is not defined. Is there something I'm missing here?
Webpack config
const path = require('path'),
settings = require('./settings');

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    App: settings.themeLocation + "js/plugins.js"
  },
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, settings.themeLocation + "js"),
    filename: "plugins-bundled.js"
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        use: {
          loader: 'babel-loader',
          options: {
            presets: ['env']
          }
        },
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/
      }
    ]
  }
}

Webpack App file
import $ from 'jquery';
window.jQuery = $;
window.$ = $;
import slick from 'slick-carousel';
import localScroll from 'jquery.localscroll';
import popper from 'popper.js';
import bootstrap from './bootstrap.min';

Local scripts file
(function($){
  "use strict";
  // code goes here...
})(jQuery);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This week St Anthony joins Harry Brady to discuss all things Celtic, the season past, manager past and the manager future.
At the time of recording the two gents had a good idea that Ronny Deila would be the next Celtic manager, but nothing was confirmed. This didn't stop them from doing what all good Celtic fans have been doing online and extrapalate from the 3 online articles in English about Deila into a full and detailed review of the "potential" new guy.
In addition to the new guy, the pair also take time to discuss the best signing strategy and Harry decides to play the awkward bugger and play devils advocate to every idea St Anthony proposes – ENJOY!


Backthis is a great crowdsourcing landing page for funding your independent projects. It has no functionality though, – it is meant to act as a design template. Tell people about your project and make them backing your project by pledging money. The template is coded in valid and well structured HTML5/CSS3 and with the included PSD you have all the power to completely make this template yours.
This template has NO functionality concerning the process of pledging money – it is just a template! Also the contact form and is NOT functional. None of the stock photos used in the live preview are included in the download or are in any way part of this product!


Having not written a prescritpion manually for 10 years it was a massive shock coming to Canada in fall 2002. Now 5 years later once again the familiar decision support helping ensure accurate dosage and avoid interactions is back helping me prescribe more safely. The fact that it is legible and quick also helps. Like any EMR installation this was not without its teething problems. Which restaurant should we take the OSCAR team to the day they arrived was one of the main ones.
Seriously I was amazed at how quick they were. They arrived and within two hours there was a server with OSCAR ready to roll. Of course the staff have to learn how to register patients, make appointments and generally get familiar with the system and all this takes time. Doctors are just starting to use the system clinically and again there is a learning curve. However I have learnt something from three EMR installations I have run in the past and the advice to use it only for a couple of consultations per clinic to start with, so that one builds experience without stopping clinical workflow, has proved invaluable.
So we have a an EMR at minimal cost. It works, and does what we want, and because its open source if there is anything we want to improve we can change it albeit with some helpful programming support.
However the real proof will be in 3 months when my target is to have had over 1000 consultations recorded by clinicians. My second target is that within 6 months 50% of consultations are recorded electronically and by 1 year 90%.
We have one satellite office working out of the three potential sites within the group and we hope a second will come on line in 1 week. The satellite unit has switched their appointment system to OSCAR and now is scanning the charts to become paperless. One of their users is entering data using a tablet PC with handwriting recognition.
So having proved to ourselves that OSCAR works – as a family doctor I always have to see the drug work in my patients before I really decide to use it – I am now encouraging our three Montreal teaching units to adopt OSCAR. St Mary's hospital family medicine unit are the most active and we hope will be asking Jay and David to deliver one of their preloaded systems in a month or two. Then there will be the Herzl and finally the Cote Des Neiges site. There are hurdles as these sites are inside government hospitals ( I know – why should a family medicine unit be anywhere near a hospital) with there own IT systems. However if we can crack these then there is no end to expansion.


Acute pain is defined as pain present for up to six weeks. It may be experienced as aching, burning, stabbing, sharp or dull, well-defined, or vague. The intensity may range from mild to severe and may fluctuate.
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The exact source of acute spine pain is often difficult to identify. In fact, there are numerous possible pain producers including muscles, soft connective tissue, ligaments, joint capsules and cartilage, and blood vessels. These tissues may be pulled, strained, stretched or sprained. Even if the actual tissue damage is minor, and likely to repair quickly, the pain experienced may be quite severe.
SpineOne offers same-day exams and treatment options to help patients suffering from acute pain. Our treatments are therapeutic and minimally-invasive alternatives to surgery or long-term pain medication. Our physicians will help identify the cause of your pain and outline a treatment plan to get you back to a pain-free life.


Firstly, contrary to all official US pronouncements, it is beyond dispute now that the US government knew (at least from early 2012) that 'moderate' secular rebels were not the major force working against the Assad government. On the contrary, the US had been knowingly siding with Islamic extremists from the very beginning!
Secondly, the rise of ISIS did not come as a shock to the US and take them by surprise. On the contrary, US intelligence services had predicted exactly what was going to happen some years before the storm broke. This did not affect US policy, with arms and money pouring in to support the rebel cause, even though US intelligence knew that this would all contribute to the ISIS nightmare.
Perhaps the most shocking thing of all though is that nobody seems to care about these revelations! Certainly nobody in power is apologising, and the mainline media in the US is focusing on what is surely a side-issue in the declassified documents, related to the 2012 attack on the US Consulate in Benghazi. Meanwhile the Neo-cons are busy rolling out a new spin – claiming that the entire jihadist catastrophe is due to the President's failure to give proper support to the 'moderate Syrian rebels' when he could have, even though it should be obvious to everyone now that these 'moderates' never existed!
I don't know what this says about our world. I suppose for most Americans and for most Australians this nightmare is on the other side of the world and so we don't get too worked up about it. Eventually though the chickens come home to roost.
ISIS' declaration of an Islamic State was fully anticipated two years before it happened.
This entry was posted in Article and tagged DIA, Father Dave, Iraq, ISIS, syria, syrian civil war, US. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Declassified documents expose US support for ISIS and nobody cares!
One of the main establishment newspapers in the U.S. is the Washington Post [as in Washington, DC, the capitol]. They just published an editorial by the head of foreign political relations for Ahrar al-Sham, a longtime al-Qaeda affiliate!! And this editorial lobbied for [can you guess?] that Ahrar al-Sham NOT be considered allied with al-Qaeda and to be considered a "moderate" rebel group and thus eligible for massive U.S. military funding!
So, your reporting is a breath of fresh air. It is also very moving your descriptions of Syrian Muslims and Christians and how moderate they are and how targeted they are by groups with weapons funded by the U.S.
God bless you for your insight, Dawn.
I am actually in Syria at the moment – writing from a coffee shop in Lattakia. As ever, life goes on as usual here and all the people ask us foreigners is that we stop funding the people who are trying to destroy them. It doesn't seem to me to be a lot to ask.
In terms of people in the US who could be worth making contact with, I'd encourage you to start with the 'Syrian Solidarity Movement'.


Prior to I Inspire 19, we conducted a tweet chat on the topic – "Include & Impact: Aligning Business, Diverse Talent and Societal Impact Goals" where 3 inclusion champions, Sarika Bhattacharyya, CEO, BD Foundation, Sohini Bhattacharya, President & CEO, Breakthrough and Kunjal Kamdar, Senior HR Specialist, Tieto.
The conversation began with getting insights on the benefits of Why to align business goals with societal goals. Speakers and participants agreed on the fact that the end purpose is to give back something to society. It was strongly agreed that since we are a microcosm of society. It is our duty to give back to society.
Sarika Bhattacharyya tweeted, passion gives us a purpose and why the business should even exist. It gives us the impetus to continue when chips are down. Profits make it sustainable – hence all NGOs to shud wear biz hat along with passion.
Michelle Frank while replying to the Question gave a valuable opinion. According to Michelle, Today, most of us seek out or rather work towards a goal that has a larger social impact. Probably because there are many causes that have had the light shone on them lately. Including them, all into a business goal would be ideal.
Moving on from discussing aligning passion, purpose & profits, we asked the speakers and the audience to name the organisation that have created community benefits along with profits.
From the audience, we got organisation names like Lalit Group Hotels who runs the LBGTQI+ diversity campaign which is worth mentioning. They got hard working and dedicated employees.
Both the speakers and audience believed that #includeandimpact is essential for the organisation and organisations are becoming the pioneer of change as their purpose is not just to make a profit but also to contribute for the well-being of the society.
The engaging conversation came to an end with some mindful insights which talked about how we can align the business profits with societal goals. There are organisations who are working for society profits but there is a need to sensitize the other organisations who can come forward and make an impact.


Most people are trying to find an ideal diet regime. A diet regime that lets you try to eat most of the yummy stuff you'd like and yet still shed extra pounds. Why does there ought to be this kind of disparity involving a super food plan in addition to a real just one. The true ones are all determined by this restriction or that 1. No carbs, no fat or substantial calorie foods, your entire preferred stuff is off limitations. Alternatively you might have to stay to fruits, eco-friendly leafy vegetables, large fiber stuff, and foodstuff with low calories.
Here's a rapid survey of some quick weightloss diet to help you familiarize on your own with them.
The Cabbage Soup diet program is famous. This diet regime features a number of variation but at its base is you try to eat cabbage soup once you are hungry and it will fill you up so that you can stay within the diet plan. When you are accomplishing the cabbage soup food plan things like oils and fats are off limits. This food plan is just the opposite facet of a total rapidly; it truly is a low calorie diet plan and so that you can reduce loads of weight on it 30 Day Diet And Exercise Plan.
The Sonoma diet regime could be the creation of Dr. Connie Gutterson. It's substantial in antioxidant prosperous meals, vegetables and fruit, blueberries, spinach, full grains. Heck you can even have a very tiny pink wine with this particular 1. It is usually an extremely helpful diet plan and you simply can reduce lots of weight on it.
Slender Speedy because the centre piece of your diet program also will work. This also can be considered a balanced, nutritional diet which comes complete with calcium and protein. On this diet you consume Slim Quickly six periods on a daily basis and you simply get to increase in fruit, yogurt, cottage cheese, fresh new vegetables, meat, and nuts. This diet is one which by using a tiny care you are able to get pleasure from getting on; it even operates for teenagers.
Subsequent would be the damaging calorie food plan, basically it really is extra just like a diet regime helper. On this eating plan you try to eat food items which have less energy in comparison to the amount of energy it takes to digest them. They're superior fiber goods, food items with small excess fat, fruit and veggies. Roughage can be a large part of the detrimental calorie eating plan. You can not assistance but shed extra pounds for the reason that it will require much more calories to digest than you take in by feeding on it.
These weight loss plans perform but sad to say they don't seem to be meal plans you could stick with. Your entire body will likely be in total rebellion if seek to stay with any of these too long, then your fat may possibly sling shot back again the other way.


"Neutrinos, they are very small.
He got it absolutely right because the neutrino is among the shyest of subatomic particles, first predicted mathematically in 1933 by Wolfgang Pauli, and only confirmed experimentally some two decades later. For some reason the neutrino excites a disproportionate affection from scientists because Pauli's learned friends once wrote a sketch, Faust in Copenhagen, with the neutrino starring as Gretchen, Goethe's heroine in the original classic. It seemed to infect this year's Nobel laureates, too.
Kajita's partner was Canadian physicist Arthur McDonald for experimentally observing neutrino oscillations in independent experiments conducted at the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory in Japan and the Sudbury observatory in Canada.
But the neutrino's coy charms seem to be wasted on the activists who are agitating against the India-based Neutrino Project (INO) in Tamil Nadu's Theni district. Indeed they are positively petrified at the kind of things they believe it might do to people and things in their neighbourhood. Their suspicions span an exotic spectrum from acute radiation hazard to targeted killings to counter-nuclear weapons.
Thus, for activists opposed to the INO this scarcely detected, most elusive of elementary particles is capable of all kinds of mayhem. But they are not surprised the physics community in India is excited because they see it as part of a vast conspiracy to usher in a world government in the future. But before we examine these charges a profile of this contentious particle would be in order.
Though neutrinos flood the entire universe they are notoriously hard to catch hold of as they rarely interact with any other form of matter. Updike wrote his tongue-in-cheek lines just four years after the particle's existence was verified by two American physicists in the Savannah River nuclear plant in Georgia. At that time they were thought to have zero mass and zero charge. They could be seen only in the laboratory, when they were emitted during nuclear reactions or by smashing sub-atomic particles in large particle accelerators.
In 1965, five years after Updike's poetic tribute, an observatory in the Kolar Gold Fields of Karnataka, along with an observatory in South Africa, discovered the first atmospheric neutrinos in cosmic rays that reached the earth from outside the solar system.
In the following years, several countries including the US and Japan conducted experiments to detect atmospheric neutrinos. They found them everywhere, reaching earth from the sun, from stars, from active galaxies outside the Milky Way and from supernova explosions. It is estimated that 65 billion neutrinos from the sun pass through every centimetre of our skin every second. After photons, they are the most plentiful elementary particle in the universe.
Among the early experiments was one deep inside a mine in South Dakota in 1968 by Ray Davis and colleagues, with a huge tank of cleaning fluid. The other particles which are part of the cosmic radiation were absorbed by the rock. The neutrinos, which did not interact with anything, reached the tank, where they reacted with the chlorine in the cleaning fluid to produce argon.
By measuring the number of argon atoms Davis and team arrived at the number of solar neutrinos that reached the earth. But the number was only one-third of what the laws of physics predicted. This became known as the solar neutrino problem, in popular usage the case of the missing neutrinos.
Physicists came up with a brilliant theoretical solution. As neutrinos travel, they surmised, they changed type—oscillating between three different flavours called the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tau neutrino. Most experimental set-ups were sensitive only to electron neutrinos, so the other two went undetected. The problem was solved in 2001 when Kajita and McDonald discovered these oscillations.
One of the consequences of the discovery of oscillations was that neutrinos were found to have a finite mass. But the maximum mass it can have is 1/2,000th of an electron, and less than one billionth of a hydrogen atom.
When the Kolar gold mines closed in 1992, the observatory was shut down and neutrino experiments in India came to an end. But a new proposal for an underground observatory came up at a conference on high energy physics in Chennai in 2000, attended by leading particle physicists from all over the country.
In 2002, the Department of Atomic Energy received an application and it allotted a site in Singara in the Nilgiris. The laboratory would be located in a two kilometre long underground tunnel housing the world's largest magnet—a 50,000-tonne iron calorimeter, four times larger than the one in CERN. The size of the detector would allow up to three neutrino detections per day.
With a budget of Rs 1,500 crore the observatory was supposed to start collecting data in 2012. But the project ran into trouble as environmental activists objected to the construction. The site is located in a bio-sensitive zone.
In 2007, Mudumalai in the Nilgiri hills was declared a tiger sanctuary and as the site fell in the buffer zone, the Ministry of Environment and Forests refused to let INO build there. In 2009, the ministry cleared a location in Tamil Nadu's Bodi hills in Theni. Early this year, the Union cabinet cleared the project.
But cabinet clearance just ramped up the profile of the protests from environmental groups who were joined by political parties this time. The objections are far-ranging.
Environmental activists in Tamil Nadu and Kerala allege that the project poses grave radiation risks to people living around it. They say the intention is not merely to observe atmospheric neutrinos, but to act as a detector for a neutrino beam produced from a neutrino factory in Fermilabs, the particle physics laboratory in the US. Fermilabs, situated near Chicago, is planning the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).
They argue that unlike the cosmic neutrinos coming from outside our planet these high-energy neutrinos are a major radiation hazard. More seriously, the INO is supposed to be a secret military facility that will use neutrino beams sent from the US to destroy foreign military facilities. An additional objective is so-called targeted killings, à la James Bond. They do not specify who or what is going to be targeted though the net is probably cast wide.
There are more prosaic concerns as well; that the blasting necessary for the construction of the tunnel will cause seismic disturbances that will affect the Idukki, Mullaperiyar and other dams within a 100-kilometre radius of the site. They say INO has not carried out a proper environmental impact assessment and that the blasting is also likely to affect agriculture in surrounding villages. All this seems a world away from what scientists are expecting from the neutrino observatory.
The August 2015 issue of Nature has a story, "Age of the Neutrino", on the direction particle physics is taking because of the discovery that neutrinos have mass. "As researchers at CERN, Europe's particle physics laboratory in Geneva, dream of super-high energy colliders to explore the Higgs Boson, their counterparts in other parts of the world are pivoting towards a different subatomic entity: the neutrino… Surprisingly little is known about the neutrino …Four unprecedented experiments look poised to change this.
There is no hint of weapons or military applications, simply that the experiments will feed more information to theoretical physicists to produce a better picture of the universe.
It is a different story at the INO. Opposition started to gather steam once the politicians also got involved. Among them is V. S. Acchuthanandan, veteran Kerala CPI (M) leader and opposition leader who raised the issue in the state assembly in 2012. It followed allegations by some activists that part of the tunnel extends into Kerala. At press conferences, he has accused the Centre of secretly colluding with the US to send a neutrino beam from Chicago and of wanting to store hazardous waste from the Kudankulam nuclear reactor in the laboratory. Perhaps he does not know that the International Atomic Energy Agency has strict protocols to monitor the transport and storage of nuclear waste.
Another politician who got involved is MDMK leader Vaiko of Tamil Nadu. He speaks of geological damage from the drilling and says INO will forcibly acquire surrounding agricultural land. That INO has no powers to do any such thing seems quite beside the point. In any case he has succeeded in moving the Madurai bench of the Madras High Court to stay all construction till the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board provides a clearance.
The low-lying Bodi hills are crowned by a blanket of white clouds as we approach from Pottipuram village. Behind the first line of peaks, misty clouds half-shield the range behind from view. The 26-hectare site sits at the foot of the hills. It is cordoned off by a white fence. The area is dry scrub, located on porambokku revenue land. We are led to the site by Maran, who lives in a nearby village and is a prominent opponent of the neutrino project. The wind gets up as you draw closer, and if you lean backward you run the risk of being knocked off your feet.
"The INO says this is porambokku land and not forest, but this scrub is important in conserving the water table. And when it rains heavily and rushes down the hill, the water lodges here," he says as he leads the way down the slope to the gate. Pottipuram has no regular water supply or toilets. Maran complains that the government intends to lay a pipeline to get lakhs of litres of water for the INO project, while there's no tap water in any of the five panchayats in the area. Before the court order stayed construction, the path to the hill was closed by forest officials for more than a year, he says.
Villagers whom we meet complain that they are not allowed into the grazing land in the hills, forcing them to graze on dryer land. As we walk across the site, empty except for a huge water tank with India-based Neutrino Observatory in Tamil, Maran points to the rock face where the tunnel will be dug.
"The wind is so strong it will blow the debris towards the fields. It used to blow stones as far as 12 kilometres away. It will damage the fields," he says. A wooded area nearby that the villagers planted over the years protects fields from the dust the wind carries. Maran says the trees will have to be felled to enable the half-constructed access road to reach the observatory site.
Jawahar, president of the nearby Thamminayakapatti panchayat tells me that two of the five panchayats have passed resolutions demanding that the state government stop the INO project. "We saw Fukushima happen on TV. All the Tamil news channels showed it for days. And we know what happened in the Second World War in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I have seen it on Discovery channel and National Geographic. We do not want to face that. During the protests over the Kudankulam nuclear plant too, the government and scientists did not tell the public the truth. [Former president] Abdul Kalam came and declared that the plant was safe, but he was not even a nuclear scientist," he says.
Jawahar also believes the project will threaten agriculture in the area, another reason why his panchayat opposed it in a resolution. He says panchayat members faced pressure from the collector's office and the police not to pass the resolution. Vaiko visited Theni recently and spoke about the risks of radioactivity and the threat to farmlands in the villages.
Radioactivity is on everyone's mind. It's Maran's big worry too. Back in the small two-room house in which he lives with his family, the farmer sits down in front of a desktop computer and opens a list of folders. My eyes scroll down the list: "How particle physics can save your life", "International Design for Neutrino Factory", "Benefits of Neutrinos", "CERN LAB", "FERMI LAB", "Ten things about anti-matter".
When he bought the PC in 2010, Maran did not expect that it would change his world. Though Maran can read English, he cannot speak the language. But the proliferation of websites and social media that use Tamil script has opened up the web to him. Maran left his studies after Class 12 but retained what he calls a thirst for "deep knowledge".
A member of the Peasant's Liberation Organisation, he was active in protests against globalisation in the mid-Nineties and later against Bt cotton. Soon, he started using an Internet café to research the GM crops debate.
When he first heard about the neutrino project, he was not perturbed. He read arguments by both scientists and activists in the Tamil press, without being convinced by either. That changed in February 2015, when he read an article by a researcher in nanotechnology called Vijay Asokan, at that time doing his Phd in a Norwegian university. Asokan criticised the argument of Indian scientists that neutrino experiments were safe and accused them of not being transparent. "He was a scientist too. And hailed from Tamil Nadu. So I decided I needed to understand the issue for myself," Maran says.
He immersed himself online for the next three months, reading up on neutrino physics, on the documents available on the INO project and scouring scientific papers on neutrino experiments online. He subscribed to Symmetry, the particle physics magazine published jointly by Fermilabs and the SLAC National Accelerator observatory operated by Fermilabs. It was a painstakingly slow process.
"You are educated. What you can read and understand in an hour it would take me three days to do," he tells me. For words and terms that he did not understand, he would use a Tamil translator. Serendipity played its part. When Maran was having a heated discussion on Facebook about INO with a member of the Tamil Nadu Scientific Forum on Facebook, the author of the magazine article joined in on Maran's side. From then on, when he came across literature on neutrinos he did not understand, Maran would get Asokan to explain. By the end of May, he was convinced INO was a threat to the community's safety.
As he shows me his trove of downloaded documents, I realise he is talking of a completely different kind of collaboration. The Long Base Line Neutrino Facility (LBNF) which manages the DUNE project at Fermilab is an international collaboration involving 148 research institutes, including several from India.
The documents detail a proposal for Indian scientists to fabricate one of the detectors DUNE will use, and then install it in Fermilabs. The documents refer to the INO project only in terms of how the LBNF collaboration can help in interpreting the data INO gathers.
Tim Burners-Lee once said, "There was a time when people felt the Internet was another world, but now people realise that it is a tool that we use in the world." Maran could not have agreed more. For him, the Internet is not only a tool to gather information, but a resource of political empowerment as well.
Burners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989 as a computer engineer in CERN. Named ENQUIRE, the project was intended to allow information sharing between physicists working at CERN. Over the decades the information-sharing physicists exceeded the technology available, with the need to share large data from immensely complex experiments in real time among various universities and research facilities across the world.
The early adapters of the World Wide Web were mainly scientific departments in universities and experimental physics labs such as Fermilab and SLAC. In 1993, CERN released the World Wide Web for free as open software, thus beginning the Internet revolution.
While Berners-Lee was working on the web in 1989, scientists at CERN's most advanced accelerator, the LHP, made an important discovery. They confirmed that there were only three generations of fundamental particles. This completed the picture of the Standard Model of Physics, the theory that explains interactions between all fundamental particles.
According to the standard model, there are two types of fundamental particles, quarks and leptons. And the types are exhausted in three generations. The larger subatomic particles like neutrons and protons are made up of quarks. The small electron, however, is a lepton, a fundamental particle.
After the electron, physicists discovered two more negatively charged leptons—the muon and the tao—both heavier than the electron but unstable. The neutrino is also a lepton, but without any charge. Every time an electron is produced in a chemical reaction, it is accompanied by an electron anti-neutrino. In the same way, muons and taos are always accompanied by anti-muon and anti-tao neutrinos respectively.
During the Nineties, experimental evidence mounted that the Standard Model was correct, with more of its predictions being confirmed by experiment. The last remaining fundamental particle the Standard Model predicted, the top quark, was discovered in 1995. The mysterious Higgs Boson, the particle that the theory said gives mass to fundamental particles, was discovered by CERN's Large Hadron Collider in 2012. However, the model predicted that neutrinos were massless particles. With Kajita's and McDonald's discovery of neutrino oscillations by 2001 it was clear that this was wrong. The question of how the neutrino gets its mass is something that the Standard model cannot explain. Physicists needed to go beyond the Standard Model. Suddenly, neutrino research became fundamental in answering some of the deepest questions about reality.
I meet Vijay Asokan at the office of Sundar Rajan, of Poovulagin Nanbargal (Friends of the Earth), an environmental NGO based in Chennai. Back in India after his PhD in nanophysics from Bergen University, he's bound for China for post-doctorate studies. Asokan has written several articles in the Tamil and English press against the neutrino project since the beginning of 2015.
"I became suspicious of the project as soon as I heard about it because of fraudulent statements from the INO team. They say they only plan to measure atmospheric neutrinos. But INO scientists are part of the International Design Study for Neutrino Factory group, which is planning to build a neutrino factory from where they will send a neutrino beam to India.
Given that neutrinos are almost massless and do not interact with anything, would it really matter if a neutrino beam is received at the Theni observatory? After all, trillions of neutrinos pass through our body every second. What harm can it do?
Sundar Rajan and Asokan both claim that the situation is entirely different with artificially produced neutrino beams. And INO scientists are concealing this fact from the public.
"These are neutrinos of very high energy and are highly collimated. They have radiation hazards. Lots of physicists have studied this." As proof of their assertion they refer me to a set of scientific papers by particle and nuclear physicists.
Two of them are internal reports by CERN (1998 and 2002) analysing the radiation hazards due to neutrinos from a muon collider to be built at CERN in the future. Muons are fundamental elementary particles that decay to produce neutrinos. The other two are similar papers published by physicists Bruce King and by John Bevelacqua. Sundar Rajan argues that even atmospheric neutrinos pose radiation hazards.
If all this information is freely available online including on the INO website, why would the scientists try to conceal it? Because something much more is going on, deduces Asokan. They are afraid that the trail may lead to the true purpose of the neutrino laboratory, which is that it is a weapons programme instituted by western powers.
Can neutrino beams be used as weapons? Even if it is conceivable that they pose radiation health risks in high energies, can they be used as weapons to blow up things?
Asokan's theory that neutrino beams can be used as weapons comes from a paper called "Neutrino anti-neutrino counter nuclear weapon" by particle physicist Alfred Tang. He theorised about a neutrino and anti-neutrino beam which could simultaneously target nuclear missile installations and cause the bombs to blow up. He also refers to an earlier paper published by Japanese physicists where only a neutrino beam would be used to achieve the same effect.
Fountain Ink consulted several leading authorities in theoretical and experimental particle physics in the US, UK and Germany to check these claims. Five physicists, Professor Giorgio Gratta of Stanford University, Professor Peter Meyers of Princeton University, Professor Georg Raffelt and Professor Alan Caldwell of the Max Planck Institute, Germany, and Dr Alfons Weber, Rokos-Clarendon Professor at Oxford University, independently confirmed that neutrinos do not pose any kind of radiation risks. All of them dismissed Sundar Rajan's claim that highly energetic atmospheric neutrinos can cause radiation diseases in humans.
"Neutrinos are extremely weakly interacting particles, so to measure any of them requires huge detectors such as INO. Their rate of interaction is so extremely small that it is very difficult to see any consequence of their existence in the first place. They have no impact whatsoever on humans," says Dr Raffelt.
All the physicists said that while scientists have conceptualised neutrino factories and have done preliminary studies to build them, the technology to construct such facilities is still a long way off in the future. They are categorical that even if such factories were built the neutrino beams they produced would be no riskier than the trillions of neutrinos streaming through us every second. The papers on neutrino radiation that Asokan and Sundar Rajan cites are talking about something completely different.
Neutrino laboratories produce neutrino beams using intense high energy proton beams. Futuristic neutrino factories would smash together beams of muons to generate neutrinos. All the studies the activists referred to are studies of radiation doses in and around the facility that produces neutrinos, not of the neutrino beams that would propagate hundreds or thousands of kilometres. The upper energy limit for neutrino beams in futuristic neutrino factories is around 50 GeV.
Weber's calculation uses the fact that radiation is inversely proportional to the distance from the source. Professor Indumathi used the same formula to calculate that someone standing in front of a 50 GeV beam that reaches INO from 5,000 kilometres away would be exposed to radiation equivalent to one part in ten cores millisieverts in a year. In other words, the person would have to stand there for a hundred core years to receive the radiation dose equivalent to a single CT scan.
The physicists Fountain Ink consulted said that though they have not made exact calculations, the radiation dose given by Indumathi fell within the reasonable range for a GeV range neutrino beam from such a distance.
Fountain Ink also wrote to Dr John Bevelacqua, the nuclear health physicist whose published work was one of the sources for Sundar Rajan and Asokan's claim that neutrino beams carry radiation risks.
When told that various physicists have said that radiation would be confined to the site of a neutrino factory, he responded: "The physicists are right. My papers deal with TeV scale muon colliders which are vastly different than an observatory. In addition, the energy scales used in my papers are about 1,000 times larger than will be encountered in the observatory based on 50 GeV. In short, my papers are not applicable for an assessment of an observatory operating in the GeV region." A TeV is equivalent to 1,000 GeV.
If there are no radiation risks even in higher energy ranges, what is the explanation for Alfred Tang's work on neutrino beams capable of tremendous destructive power and of blowing up nuclear weapons? The answer is to be found in two things: why Tang wrote his paper and how nuclear bombs work.
Tang's purpose in developing the theoretical concept of a "Counter-nuclear weapon", as stated in the introduction of his paper, is worry over the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Developing a more powerful weapon does not get rid of that problem. What Tang wants to do instead is use neutrinos to make nuclear weapons self-destruct.
In a fission bomb, the radioactive nuclear material, usually uranium 235 or plutonium 295, is bombarded with neutrons (not to be confused with the elusive neutrino). If it is uranium, the uranium atom decays, releasing energy and three neutrons. If even one of these neutrons hits another atom, the same process will happen.
This leads to a chain reaction and finally a nuclear explosion. But for this to happen, there has to be a minimum mass of the nuclear material, which is called the critical mass. In the simplest kind of fission bomb, like the Little Boy bomb used on Hiroshima, two sub-critical masses of uranium 235 are kept apart. The bomb is set off with an explosive device that smashes the two masses into each other, so that the total mass is above the critical mass. This sets off the chain reaction.
One of the most exciting discoveries of early particle physics was what is called anti-matter. All particles have an associated anti-particle. Thus positrons are particles identical to electrons, except that they carry positive electric charge. In the same way, anti-protons are exactly like protons except that they carry negative charge. If a particle and its anti-particle collide they annihilate themselves, producing energy.
Tang proposes directing a beam of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos at a nuclear weapon. The annihilation process will produce a shower of particles, including neutrons. The extra neutrons released act as a catalyst increasing the number of decay reactions. As more and more energy is released, the heat will ignite the explosive material around the nuclear material, blowing it up. But since it never reaches critical mass, the explosion is much less powerful than a nuclear explosion.
In e-mail correspondence with Fountain Ink, Tang dismissed the idea that the LBNF accelerator at Fermilabs was capable of producing the kind of weapon he theorised. He also said it was doubtful whether even a neutrino beam for scientific study could be sent to India from the US.
He says: "The energy profile of neutrinos generated by LBNF typically peaks at 2-3 GeV. My paper suggests that the minimum neutrino energy required for a neutrino counter-nuclear weapon is about 91 GeV. LBNF is not tuned for a neutrino counter nuclear weapon, to say the least. Besides, the beam is aiming at Stanford—not India.
"It is not easy to build a conventional accelerator aiming at India from the US because the beam has to traverse the earth so that the accelerator has to aim downward toward the centre of the earth and the tunnel has to go vertically down. No one will invest that much money and effort into something that is not yet proven to work." He also said that it is very doubtful that any current accelerator was capable of producing neutrinos that caused any serious health risk.
DMDK's Vaiko did not respond to requests to talk on the INO issue despite several attempts to contact him over a week. The Fermilabs press office told Fountain Ink in an email that the DUNE project has no direct collaboration with INO. The project's far detector would be in Dakota not India.
At her office in IMSc in Chennai Indumathi clarifies some of the points raised by villagers. As I walk in, she is sitting with her swivel chair turned towards the computer next to her desk, working on a simulation. There is a large blackboard covered with equations. Indumathi says the villagers' worries about the debris are unwarranted. She claims it would be wetted and covered, preventing the winds from creating dust contamination.
She says INO has nothing to do with blocking access to the grazing lands. "The reserve forests in the Bodi hills are managed by the Forest Department. We have not visited the site in six months. The situation is too volatile for us to go there, though we want to talk to the villagers.
Indumathi has been part of the project since the early days. Now she wonders whether she will be in active research by the time the observatory comes up, or whether it will come up at all.
Indumathi explains why a lot of physicists in India and elsewhere in the world are excited about the neutrino more than any other particle. Research might open the doors to answering three of the most fundamental questions about the universe.
The greatest mystery that troubles scientists is that most of the mass of the universe seems, well, missing. The matter we know of accounts for slightly more than one-sixth of the mass.
The rest is made up of so called dark matter. As the name implies, dark matter is total, hidden from any instrument of observation. It does not seem to interact with anything, but we know it is there through its gravitational effect.
Since we know now that neutrinos have mass, they are the only candidate we know to fill the dark matter hole. The weakness of neutrino interaction can possibly explain why dark matter goes undetected.
The second mystery also has to do with mass. In the Standard Model, all particles get their mass by interacting with a mysterious field called the Higgs field, which is present everywhere. The Higgs mechanism is the bedrock of the model. Neutrinos becoming massive should not have been a problem for the Higgs mechanism, except for an odd property called chirality that neutrinos have. All particles have a quantum spin. If the direction in which the particle travels is the opposite of its spin, the particle is called left-handed. Right handed particles travel in the same direction as spin. All elementary particles have two forms: left-handed and right-handed. This is because all particles that get their mass by interacting with the Higgs field need to have left-handed as well as right-handed types.
Only left-handed neutrinos have been detected, so physicists assumed they must be massless. But now that neutrino oscillations have been discovered and neutrinos have mass—right-handed neutrinos are needed. But if they are there, why can't they be found? One answer is to tweak the Standard model so that right-handed neutrinos exist, but interact with the Higgs field very, very weakly. The more exciting possibility is to go beyond the Standard Model and find another mechanism for generating mass. One theory is that neutrinos are majorana particles.
Majorana particles, fermions that are their own anti-particles, were first theorised by Ettore Majorana in 1937 but none have been detected so far.
Neutrinos may also potentially solve the problem of why there is more matter than anti-matter in the Universe. At the time of the Big Bang, matter and anti-matter were created in equal quantities and started annihilating each other, releasing energy. But, somehow, more matter than anti-matter has been left over. If physicists can detect enough reactions that violate a law called charge-parity conservation, the Standard Model could explain the matter anti-matter asymmetry.
But so far the required numbers of CP violations have not been spotted in most hadrons and leptons. If enough CP violations are detected in neutrino interactions, the question of why the universe has more matter can be solved.
Sundar Rajan as well as activists from Kerala have claimed for years that INO would result in large-scale environmental, ecological and geological damage. Apart from allegations of radiological contamination and targeted killings using neutrino beams, V. T. Padmanabhan's article alleged that blasting to dig the tunnel would endanger the Idukki dam.
Fountain Ink asked Professor Boominathan of IIT Madras, an expert in the area of vibrations and earthquake geotectonics to evaluate the effect of blasting and tunnel drilling in the INO site India. Along with his colleague Dr V. B. Maji, who works in the area of rock tunnelling and drilling, he prepared a technical evaluation based on a report prepared by the Geological Survey of India.
"The frequency content of ground vibration due to blasting is different from earthquakes. Temblors produce relatively low frequency content excitation whereas rock blasting produces high frequency content excitation and hence it will not cause any problems to dams, particularly those which are located far from the site," they say.
According to him, the vibrations typically fall to 0.1 mm per second for blasting used in tunnelling. These are barely perceptible vibrations and are thirty times lower than that allowed near protected historical monuments in countries like Germany and Switzerland.
According to the scientists, it's a mare's nest and they should know because it's their province. Neither Boominathan nor Maji have any connection with INO apart from the fact that they are scientists. So unless, as the activists allege, there really is a vast conspiracy involving scientists and governments from all over the world INO is a long-overdue project that should be implemented now to better understand how the cosmos works.
Unfortunately, the fact-free hyper ventilations of a disparate group of activists and politicians have created an atmosphere of fear that no one in power apparently wishes to dispel.
Maran accompanied us to the bus stand from where we would take a bus to Theni town. On our way, he talks about the overconfidence of Indian scientists and how it was putting people's lives at risk. "They keep claiming that neutrinos are not harmful to humans. But how can they know that unless they shoot a neutrino beam at someone and see what happens," he says. I thought of telling him that this was not quite how scientific predictions work. But I doubted that he would believe me.
A week later, I came across an article on the technology website ars technica. John Trimmer, ars technica's science editor wrote in 2011 about how on a visit to Fermilabs he had the unusual experience of standing in front of a particle accelerator without any protective gear. This was a neutrino beam.
This was followed by an extract from Symmetry, the magazine that Maran had signed up for, on the number of neutrinos that stream through our body as we carry on with our daily lives, eating sleeping, drinking, fighting, making love and reading articles online.
John Updike said it best. And Dr Raffelt, of the Max Planck Institute, who told me that to ask if neutrinos can harm humans or the environment, was "like asking if we can drown in a droplet of water".
Correction, Nov 19 2015: An earlier version of this story referred to electron anti-neutrinos as electron neutrinos, and to anti-muon and anti-tao neutrinos as muon and tao neutrinos. This has been corrected. The errors are regretted.
The Raj evicted the villagers of Malcha and Raisina to build a viceregal dwelling. A century later, descendants of the original inhabitants are fighting a legal battle over claims on the land.
A start-up in Bengaluru is part of the Asian genome project, the genetic study that could open up a world of personalised medicine.
The Telangana and Andhra road transport corporations rake up losses and cut corners on passenger and crew safety.


191. fair patience practise, for thereon still followeth content, iii.
He then studied at basel, and eventually became pastor of a lutheran church in the united states.
16mo, $1.00. a white heron, and other stories.
"every one hasn't thrown you over.
A report done as part of the australian governments royal commission into institutional responses to child sexual abuse found that "the most notorious cases of sexual abuse in the australian church occurred in institutional settings in the 1940s–60s by men (and sometimes women) who were thoroughly trained in the strict morality and rigorous piety of the pre-vatican ii church," noting that "the ranks of abusers cuts right across the lines of conservatives and liberals, with both sides having their fair share of abusive clergy.
Our interest was from the beginning essentially a psychological one. i shall have to be the more brief as my personal experience in the treatment of bodily diseases through mental therapy is entirely secondary and accidental.
Geoff watched an instant, and listened to the rattle of musketry from the men stretching along the british line who were not engaged in digging but in holding down the fire of the enemy-watched those sharper red flashes in the distance, listened to the roar of british batteries, and saw a sudden blinding flash above one of those dug-in turkish guns, and heard the splitting, thunderous report of a british shell as it got home on an enemy cannon; and then, though he watched for some few minutes, no sharp red point of light appeared above the spot, no answering report came from the gun dug into its hollow, for no doubt the british shell had put gun and crew out of action.
It was a rondeau; i knew that by the shape, and the mother apologized for the indelicacy of it before permitting my own cheeks to blush thereat.
The first threat in london, for the 13th of march, a few days before the birth of the little princess, ended in utter failure.
The fenris year is a trifle shorter than the terran year we use for atomic era dating, eight thousand and a few odd galactic standard hours.
The german road from baghdad to tehran will be met at hamadan.
A shudder of terror passed through the tender, and not yet fully developed limbs of the shepherdess; still she did not move; the grey birds which were now sitting on a thorn-bush near her flew up, but they had merely heard a noise, and could not distinguish who it was that it announced.
"so it does-more than you can realise.
Thence i to westminster to look after the striking of my tallys, but nothing done or to be done therein.
Theron was interested in finding that this office-boy was no other than harvey-the lad who brought milk to the parsonage every morning.
We've got needles and thread and everything right in the machine, because we're on our way to camp."
Ferguson and thurman continued their harrangue.
"then you did have a talk!
I wait for high times and then I put on my best And I stick out my chest And I'm off to the races again!
He has "taken his seat on the right hand of the throne of the majesty."
Anopheles ziemanni grunberg 1902 group hyrcanus (reid 1953) anopheles anthropophagus xu and feng 1975 anopheles argyropus swellengrebel 1914 anopheles belenrae rueda 2005 anopheles changfus ma 1981 anopheles chodukini martini 1929 anopheles dazhaius ma 1981 anopheles engarensis kanda & oguma 1978 anopheles hailarensis xu jinjiang & luo xinfu 1998 anopheles heiheensis ma 1981 anopheles hyrcanus* pallas 1771 anopheles junlianensis lei 1996 anopheles kiangsuensis xu and feng 1975 anopheles kleini rueda 2005 anopheles kummingensis dong & wang 1985 anopheles kweiyangensis yao & wu 1944 anopheles liangshanensis kang tan cao cheng yang & huang 1984 anopheles nimpe nguyen, tran & harbach anopheles pseudopictus graham 1899 anopheles pullus yamada 1937 anopheles sinensis* wiedemann 1828 anopheles sineroides yamada 1924 anopheles xiaokuanus ma 1981 anopheles xui dong, zhou, dong & mao 2007 anopheles yatsushiroensis miyazaki 1951 subgroup lesteri (harrison 1972) anopheles crawfordi reid 1953 anopheles kiangsuensis xu & feng 1975 anopheles lesteri de meillon 1931 anopheles paraliae sandosham 1959 anopheles peditaeniatus leicester 1908 anopheles vietnamensis manh hinh & vien 1993 subgroup nigerrimus (harrison 1972) anopheles nigerrimus* giles 1900 anopheles nitidus harrison, scanlon & reid 1973 anopheles pseudosinensis baisas 1935 anopheles pursati laveran 1902 group umbrosus (reid 1950) anopheles brevipalpis roper 1914 anopheles brevirostris reid 1950 anopheles hunteri strickland 1916 anopheles samarensis rozeboom 1951 anopheles similissimus strickland & chowdhury 1927 subgroup baezai (rattanarithikul et al.
Even mother, there, looks ten years younger.


13 downhill tracks, 4 enduro courses, 1 fun park. There's something for every member of the family.
13 downhill tracks are reachable via 2 different lifts. From green runs to black runs, the relief in Les Saisies provides a challenge for evety level. Great fun guaranteed.
The bike patrols ensure the maintenance and safety of the mountain bike facilities. Ride the natural trails in a preserved environment.
From the mountains to the town!
The Déval'bertille is a 19km mountain bike enduro course for the more sporty rider. A bus service runs between Beaufort, Areches, Les Saisies and Albertville.


text:
5 Things You Didn't Know About The Departed
Matt Forsman
3. Robert De Niro dropped out of production
Robert De Niro has been a Scorsese mainstay for years, having worked with him on such classics as Raging Bull (1980), Taxi Driver (1976) and Goodfellas (1990). But De Niro declined the offer to fill the role of brutal mafia lord Frank Costello in The Departed, and Jack Nicholson was cast instead.
While De Niro's reasons for refusing the role of Frank Costello are unclear, it is interesting to know that Leonardo DiCaprio was originally attached to De Niro's film The Good Shepard, but has since dropped out and is appearing in The Departed.
Ultimately, this could mean nothing, but begs the question: Has DiCaprio supplanted De Niro as Scorsese's leading man of choice or has De Niro effectively abdicated the throne?
With The Departed, Martin and Leo will be collaborating for the third time, and a fourth film, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, is scheduled for 2008. The duo first collaborated in the brutally violent Gangs of New York (2002), and their second outing was the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator (2004).
4. Salaries devoured 50% of The Departed's budget
As if Leonardo DiCaprio's presence wasn't enough, Scorsese has really stacked the deck with his casting for The Departed. Also on board are Alec Baldwin, Martin Sheen, Jack Nicholson, Mark Wahlberg, and Matt Damon.
For a film that has been described as largely character-driven, $90 million seems like a pretty generous budget. Given the kind of numbers the aforementioned thespians typically demand for commercial flicks, you have to wonder how much of this $90 million went into the actual production.
DiCaprio pulls in close to $20 million for most of his films, Damon hauled in $10 million for The Bourne Identity (2002), and Jack Nicholson typically rakes in about $10 million to $15 million per film.
Between this holy trinity of stars, you're looking at roughly 50% of the budget before you get to the solid supporting cast. Then again, Scorsese has the kind of clout that can make actors jump at the opportunity to play a tree in one of his films for a grande latte. It's not unlikely that Scorsese's cast compromised their typical salaries.
5. Jack Nicholson will be returning to villainous form
De Niro's departure opened the door for Jack Nicholson to come on board as the villainous Frank Costello. Initially reluctant to take the part, Nicholson only changed his mind after a sit-down with DiCaprio and Scorsese.
Nicholson's work was primarily comedic in the 1990s and early 2000s, with films like As Good As It Gets (1997), Anger Management (2003) and Something's Gotta Give (2003). Nicholson has proved his gift for comedy, but it's been some time since we've seen our Jack play the raving, nefarious villain.
While DiCaprio and Scorsese may have initially been happy to get Nicholson on board, there were some murmurings that the waters weren't placid during the production of The Departed. These rumors of discontent seemed to revolve primarily around Nicholson, who reportedly doctored dialogue and demanded that Scorsese film his version first.
This is rumor-mill stuff, but given the enormous glut of star power on this project, it wouldn't be terribly surprising to see a few of these guys throw their weight around.
Perhaps the more relevant question is: Why wouldn't The Departed be searched? You have Scorsese trying yet again to score the elusive Best Director Oscar; DiCaprio is solidifying his partnership with Scorsese; Plan B, the production company started by Brad and Jennifer, is behind the scenes; and The Departed is rife with more subplots, characters and potential drama than most Russian novels.
With the numerous summer blockbusters out of the way, a void has been made for The Departed to fill. While The Black Dahlia, Running With Scissors and Casino Royale have the potential to grab filmgoers' attention in 2006, none of them have a cast like The Departed, and none of them are directed by someone with a resume like Scorsese's.
AskMen.com's Analysis
Of The Longevity Of This Term's Popularity - 9/10
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