text:
Transporting Science
Ivacaftor, the Miracle Drug?
Ivacaftor has been hailed as a miracle drug for the treatment of Cystic fibrosis (CF). Although Ivacaftor is not designed for every CF sufferer, it is life changing for those who benefit from it.
CF is a genetic disease that affects 70,000 people worldwide and is characterised by an overly viscous mucus lining of the airways, resulting in difficulty in clearing the airways by coughing, and an increase in infections from opportunistic pathogens. CF is caused by different mutations in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an ABC transporter ion channel, which results in an imbalance in ion concentration and the observed phenotype of highly viscous mucus. The CFTR conducts chloride and as well as regulating other ion channels, such as chloride channels and glutathione transport. There are approximately 1900 known mutations within the CFTR, which is primarily expressed within the airway submucosal glands in the lungs.
Until now all CF care has been supportive rather than curative. However a recent breakthrough with the drug Ivacaftor, which treats the underlying problem rather than just the symptoms of CF, could change the CF care landscape. Ivacaftor is used to treat CF patients with one of a set of specific mutations including G551D, which affects approximately 4% of CF patients and is the third most common mutation. The G551D mutation is characterised by correct positioning of the CFTR on the epithelial cell surface but incorrect function, the CFTR is unable to transport chloride ions.
Predicted structure of the CFTR. TMD; Transmembrane Domain, NBD; Nucleotide Binding Domain. The G551D mutation occurs in the NBD2 region and prevents ATP dependent gating. Adapted from Kim and Skach, 2012 (http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00201).
Ivacaftor, developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals together with the Cystic fibrosis Foundation, assists with the function of the mutant CFTR by directly binding the CFTR channel. Binding increases the probability of channel opening by inducing opening of the ion channel independent of ATP binding and hydrolysis. This reduces the imbalance in the ion concentration and lowers the viscosity of the mucus in the airways allowing easier breathing of the CF patient. CF sufferers who have had access to Ivacaftor have been able to "run without coughing" and "take deep breaths".
The FDA approved Ivacaftor in January 2012 and the combination drug with lumacaftor gained FDA approval in July 2015. The inclusion of lumacaftor in the combination drug enables treatment of CF patients with a slightly different mutation in addition to those treated by Ivacaftor.
However there is a catch, Ivacaftor treatment costs $300,000 per patient per year. Patients are likely to be taking Ivacaftor for the rest of their lives and so the cost becomes astronomical. On the other hand Vertex has stated that they will make the drug available free of charge for those patients in the US without medical insurance and with a household income of less than $150,000 a year.
The real question surrounding Ivacaftor is; how to pay for the miracle?
Source: Kotha and Clancy (2013). Ivacaftor treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation: a review of the evidence. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 7(5)288-296.
Bryony Ackroyd
Twitter: @BryonyAckroyd
Author Bryony AckroydPosted on July 27, 2016 August 2, 2016 Categories BiologyTags ABC transporter, CF, Cystic Fibrosis, Drug, Ivacaftor
Next Next post: ABC transporter implicated in parasite drug resistance
Efficient protein production inspired by how spiders make silk June 20, 2017
Lipid Trafficking: How diverse architectures of lipid transport systems shuttle lipids to the bacterial outer membrane. April 13, 2017
Rapid evolution in transporters, and other membrane proteins, across the tree of life March 20, 2017
Structure of the Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, what does this mean for future Cystic Fibrosis research? March 3, 2017
Essential trypanosome transporters hint at new therapeutic targets February 13, 2017
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text:
Wreckfest Review
Developed by Bugbear and published by THQ Nordic, Wreckfest is a recent release that spent quite some time in early access. Many wrote it off as just another failed early access title, but with its release, Wreckfest has really turned things around. The title promises a completely unique type of racing experience.
Where most racers discourage collisions and crashes, this game actively encourages or even requires them. As the title suggests, it's all about carnage, destruction, and spectacular damage. Wreckfest has a lot of different cars and other vehicles that the player can race, dent, and all out crumble into a bent mess of metal.
Wait, Vehicles?
The broad selection of vehicles ranges from common racing cars to rare and beautiful specialty cars. Whether you are a fan of American, European, or Asian cars, there is something for you here. The customization options of the game are more than solid, and include various colors, decals, stickers, and more. Wreckfest goes beyond that and also allows players to upgrade the quality of their car's body armor and parts.
While the cars are the definite focus of the title and there are a lot of customization options, you can also race and ride on lawn mowers, for example. Offbeat races and competitions like that really set this game apart from others of its type.
Parts, Parties and Wreckage
While this is a racing title, that is only part of the appeal and not a very big part either. It's all about the crashes. One of the main features of the game is the soft-body physics and crash and damage simulations. Bent metal, crashed glass, scratched paint, and shattered mirrors are all par for the course. Speaking of the course(s), Wreckfest features several of them. While they aren't the main focus of the game (which is apparent at times, as they are limited), they are well-featured and pose a decent challenge.
The real fun in the game comes from racing others. While the AI itself is all right and better than in many similar games, playing against others is definitely better. Destroying a friend's (or stranger's) car moments before they cross the finishing line is extremely satisfying, not only because you watch them spin off the track but also because of the realism and beauty of the crash mechanics.
Destruction Goes Boom, Bugs Go Vroom
Wreckfest uses music and sounds extremely well. Not only is the music itself great, but the engine sounds, environmental noises and, of course, the screeches of tortured metal leave little to be desired. Occasionally, during the beginnings of races, the sounds do stutter, but all in all, the game is solid in this regard.
The game is almost bug-free. While users complained about several issues when the game was in early access, there is now nary a trace left of them. The game runs steadily on the average system, even with the large amount of cars and debris that often fill the screen.
Overall, there is very little to complain about. In its finished state, Wreckfest runs smoothly, is well-optimized, and offers all the fun of destruction one could hope for. Where other games penalize for coming in contact with opponents, many races in this title either have destroying others as a win-condition or at least as a stretch goal. In other words: While winning a race is the main goal, the game may also ask the player to wreck a certain number of opponents. Often that turns out to be more fun and more of a challenge than actually winning the races.
The Price of Destruction
At full price, this title isn't exactly a steal, but in a genre as saturated as car-racing, it nevertheless manages to carve out its own little spot where it fits well. While other demolition derby-type games do exist, and have been around since the days of the PS2, Wreckfest is a solid contender with few direct competitors.
In addition to offering plenty of replayability with multiplayer mode, the single-player races of the game have plenty to offer. In other words, even with the large price tag, you'll get plenty of enjoyment out of this racer. This is in no small part because of the customizations that are possible and the unusual and original play modes. If you ever feel the need to race lawnmowers, school buses, or other vehicles, this is the game for you.
Wreckfest runs well and doesn't demand a top-line system; it runs well on lower-end PCs, which is a pleasant change from other, similar games. The title pays a surprising amount of attention to detail and offers unusual gimmicks like special vehicles and interesting customization options.There is little to criticize. Phenomenal physics, fun driving, and a robust soundtrack make for a great racing experience that isn't about racing as much as it is about causing as much damage and as many collisions as possible.
Written by	Mel Hawthorne
Published in Action
https://opnoobs.com/reviews/action/wreckfest#sigProId64fb079cf1
Mel Hawthorne
Mel is a London-based copywriter that has been writing about video games for a few years now. After growing up in Vienna, Austria she followed her dreams and moved to London. Said dreams took her through a few different jobs (which included working as a web developer, shopkeeper and translator) before she settled on what she really wanted to do – periodically anger video game fans by expressing her opinions on games through various online publications. When she's not writing about video games, she's probably playing them... or walking her dog in a park. Since that depends largely on the English weather, Mel has plenty of time to indulge in her favourite games. These include but are not limited to Ark: Survival Evolved, Skyrim, GTA V, and oddly enough, Amnesia: Memories. She loves Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. She thinks Star Trek is way better than Star Wars and isn't afraid to admit it – Live long and prosper!
TOKYO GHOUL:re [CALL to EXIST] Review
Need For Speed Heat Review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is a clever site called Photo Stamps. You upload an image and a flash app generates a stamp from it. It's a real $0.37 stamp. The stamps cost about $0.85 ea. if you buy 20. I figure this one would be a good stamp to kick off an Anti-Atkins campaign.
"Pasta, it is too good for you"


Author Name: Vikas Gupta The Computer Concepts and C Programming book helps you to master the fundamentals of computer and C programming. 1 Nov The Computer Concepts and C Programming book helps you to master the fundamentals of computer and C programming language. The book. Find Computer Concepts and C Programming by Gupta, Vikas at Biblio. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers.
The content of the book is developed and presented in a simple and easy way and is intended to enhance the designing skills.
This book covers a thorough introduction to the new and enhanced features of CorelDraw X7, such as revamped Welcome screen, Workspace Selection, Quick Customization button, QR code and multiple document interface. Update your profile Let us wish you a happy birthday! Gears and Gear Cutting Ivan R. Goodreads is the world's largest site for readers with over 50 million reviews.
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"Practicing obstetrics is a truly rewarding experience."
Dr. Randi Izen has been practicing Family Medicine with Obstetrics for 17 years. She is also a Clinical Associate Professor in the UBC Faculty of Medicine involved in teaching Family Medicine residents.


text:
Q: How to get a screenshot of non visible or minimized window? I want to get a screenshot of non visible or minimized window and save it as bmp. I know how to do it with visible window. It's easy. But get non visible is quite difficult.
I have looked over Internet and didn't find any example.
I know that Desktop Window Manager get window's thumbnails. DWM example But I didn't find any example how to convert thumbnail to bmp.
P.S. Please don't suggest me to bring window in front, get a screenshot and then minimize it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Capstone credit for summer actuarial internships.
Flowchart for Actuarial Scince Concentration for new students.
Advice for students in or considering the actuarial science concentration.
Advice from LSU alumna, Winnie Sloan, ACAS and recent alumnus Taylor Daigle: Success in the Actuarial Concentration: A College Timeline (written August 2018).
Mathematics and a Second Discipline:Finance, Asset. Management Flyer here.
Program for Mathematics and a Second Discipline: Finance, Asset Management.
Prof. Ogunc's presentation powerpoint for high schools.
Aaron Cao's quant interview prep.
Odds ratios and Mantel-Haenszel quotients Journal of Informetrics. Journal of Informetrics 13 number (2019)462-463.
Lawrence Smolinsky, Gestur Olafsson, Brian D. Marx, and Gaomin Wang Online and handwritten homework in Calculus for STEM majors Journal of Educational Computing Research (2018) DOI: 10.1177/0735633118800808. To appear.
Lawrence Smolinsky and Brian D. Marx Odds ratios, risk ratios, and Bornmann and Haunschild's new indicators Journal of Informetrics 12 number 3 (2018) 732–735.
Lawrence Smolinsky and Yigal Bander Using an actuarial science expert to prove future medicals Louisiana Advocates 23 number 7 (2018) 13-16.
Lawrence Smolinsky, Eugene Kennedy, Liuli Huang, Andrew Alaniz Social and Work Structure of an Afterschool Math Club Middle Grades Research Journal. To appear.
Discrete power law with exponential cutoff and Lotka's Law Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 68 number 7 (2017)1792–1795.
Stephen J. Bensman and Lawrence Smolinsky Lotka's Inverse Square Law of Scientific Productivity: Its Methods and Statistics Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 61 number 7 (2017) 1786–1791.
Aaron Lercher and Lawrence Smolinsky. Persistent value of older scientific journal articles Scientometrics 108 number 3 (2016) 1205–1220.
Expected number of citations and the Crown indicator Journal of Informetrics 10 number 1(2016)43–47.
Eugene Kennedy and Lawrence Smolinsky. Math Circles: A Tool for Promoting Engagement Among Middle School Minority Males Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 12 number 4 (2016)717-732.
Lawrence Smolinsky, Aaron Lercher, and Andrew McDaniel Testing theories of preferential attachment in random networks of citations Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66 no. 10(2015) 2132-2145.
Lawrence Smolinsky and Lercher Aaron, Citation rates in mathematics: a study of variation by subdiscipline Scientometrics 91 number 3 (2012)911-924.
with D.S. Sage, An explicit basis of lowering operators for irreducible representations of unitary groups Lithuanian journal of Physics 51 number 1 (2011)5-18.
Stephen J. Bensman, Lawrence Smolinsky, and Alexander I. Pudovkin, Mean Citation Rate per Article in Mathematics Journals: Differences From the Scientific Model Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 61 number 7 (2010)1440-1463.
with Aliska Gibbins, Geometric Constructions with Ellipses Mathematical Interlligencer 31 number 1 (2009)57-62.
Lawrence Smolinsky, Phoebe Rouse, George Cochran, and Jimmie Lawson, College Algebra Redesign at Louisiana State University FOCUS 26 number 6 (2006)34-35.
with A. McDaniel, Lax Equations, Weight Lattices, and Prym-Tjurin Varieties in Acta Mathematica 181(1998)283-305.
with A. McDaniel, The Flow of the G2 Periodic Toda Lattice in Journal of Mathematical Physics 38(1997)926-945.
with A. McDaniel, A Lie Theoretic Galois Theory for the Spectral Curves of an Integrable System: II in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc 349(1997)713-746.
with A. McDaniel, A Lie Theoretic Galois Theory for the Spectral Curves of an Integrable System: I in Comm. Math. Phys. 149(1992)127-148.
with Ki Hyoung Ko, The Framed Braid Group and 3-manifolds in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 115(1992) 541-551.
with Ki Hyoung Ko, A Combinatorial Matrix in 3-manifold Theory in Pacific J. Math. 149(1991)319-336.
A Generalization of the Levine-Tristram Signature in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc 315(1989)205-217.
Doubly Sliced Knots which are not the Double of a Disk in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc . 298(1986)723-732.
Last updated: 20 July 2012.


text:
Q: How to find current visible viewController in iOS We know , if your viewController have been contain UINavigationController ,
you can find your current visible view controller by 'self.navigationController.visibleViewController' .
But I you present a view controller , how to find current visible controller ?
For Example :
code one :
------
AVClr *avclr = [[AVClr alloc]init] ;
AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate ;
appDelegate.window.rootViewController = avclr ;
[avclr presentViewController:loginNavClr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

---> now , display avclr
code two:
------
AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate ;
UIViewController *currentVisibleViewController = appDelegate.window.rootViewController ;
BVClr *bvclr = [[BVClr alloc]init] ;
[currentVisibleViewController presentViewController:bvclr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

---> now , display bvclr
code three:
------
AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate ;
UIViewController *currentVisibleViewController = appDelegate.window.rootViewController ;
CVClr *cvclr = [[CVClr alloc]init] ;
[currentVisibleViewController presentViewController:cvclr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

---> Error , can not display cvclr , because avclr is a rootViewController and avclr present bvclr , so display bvclr .
Question:
But we know ,code three in another .m file , so we don't know who is the rootViewController . so If I present cvclr , the result is unexpect !
In the circumstances ,how to display cvclr

A: -(UIViewController *)getVisibleViewController : (UIViewController *)rootViewController
{
    UIViewController *rootVC = rootViewController;
    if (rootVC == nil)
    {
        rootVC = [[[UIApplication sharedApplication] keyWindow] rootViewController];
    }

    if ([rootVC presentedViewController] == nil)
    {
        return rootVC;
    }

    if ([rootVC presentedViewController] != nil)
    {
        if ([[rootVC presentedViewController] isKindOfClass:UINavigationController.self]) {
            UINavigationController *navigationController = (UINavigationController *)[rootVC presentedViewController];
            return [[navigationController viewControllers] lastObject];
        }
        return [self getVisibleViewController : [rootVC presentedViewController]];
    }
    return nil;
}

A: to find current top view controller i used this method
- (UIViewController *)currentTopViewController
{
   UIViewController *topVC = [[[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] window] rootViewController];
   while (topVC.presentedViewController)
   {
     topVC = topVC.presentedViewController;
   }
   if ([topVC isKindOfClass:[UINavigationController class]]) {
      return [(UINavigationController *)topVC topViewController];
   }
  return topVC;
}

A: If you are presenting the next screen from that class then you don't need to fetch top view controller from UIWindow
Simply use this..
 -----------------
AVClr *avclr = [[AVClr alloc]init];
[self presentViewController: avclr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

------------------------------

BVClr *bvclr = [[BVClr alloc]init] ;
[self.presentingViewControler presentViewController:bvclr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

------------------

CVClr *cvclr = [[CVClr alloc]init] ;
[self.presentingViewControler presentViewController:cvclr animated:YES completion:nil] ;

A: This code also check UITabbarViewContoller :
-(UIViewController *) getVisibleViewContoller {
    UIViewController *rootViewController = UIApplication.sharedApplication.keyWindow.rootViewController;
    if (!rootViewController) {
        return nil;
    }
    if ([rootViewController isKindOfClass:[UITabBarController class]]) {
        UITabBarController *tabbarVC = (UITabBarController *) rootViewController;
        UIViewController *selectedVC = tabbarVC.selectedViewController;
        if (selectedVC) {
            if (![selectedVC isKindOfClass:[UINavigationController class]]) {
                return selectedVC;
            }
            rootViewController = selectedVC;
        }
    }
    if ([rootViewController isKindOfClass:[UINavigationController class]]) {
        UINavigationController *navigationVC = (UINavigationController *) rootViewController;
        if (navigationVC.topViewController) {
            return navigationVC.topViewController;
        }
        return navigationVC.viewControllers.lastObject;
    }
    return rootViewController;
}


Tinder has *finally* made the upgrade you've all been waiting for: The dating app has officially launched an online platform in Australia, complete with office-friendly features so that you can work and lurk at the same time. 2017, what a time to be alive!
Tinder Online has officially been rolled out for users across the globe, following a lengthy test phase in select countries including Argentina, Mexico and Sweden.
The website functions the same as the app, and once you log in the features are essentially identical. Swipe right, swipe left, read some weird bios from dudes you went to high school with - all the same old bits and bobs! There is one small difference, however, to aid users who plan on swiping during work hours.
...just don't let your boss get too close to your screen. Or, you know, maybe just Tinder on your own time?
Back in March, the company explained there were several reasons for the new online version of the popular app.
"Let's face it: not all places on earth have 4G," they wrote on their blog. "Some people can't get bundled services, while others don't have enough memory to support Tinder on their mobile phones. For all those who've ever been stuck in a lecture hall or had to endure an eight-hour workday without access to Tinder—this is for you."


Megan Mikita: RING'N IN THE NEW YEAR!!
RING'N IN THE NEW YEAR!!
NEW YEARS EVE NIGHT OUT!!
firework nails? umm yes please!!
I'VE DECIDED (hope you don't mind hehe) THAT THIS NEW YEARS EVE IS ALL ABOUT SEQUINS!!!!
who doesn't love a sequins dress on new years!
more casual way to sport the sequins look!
this dress makes me wanna dress up just so i can wear it!! LOVE IT!
perfect new years eve hair!!
AND ENJOY YOUR NEW YEARS EVE!!


text:
Opposition vows to begin impeachment
President Park Geun-hye shakes hands with her new chief of staff, Han Gwang-ok, right, after granting him a letter of appointment in the Blue House on Friday. Park resumed her official schedule as president, resisting the opposition's demand for her resignation. [NEWSIS]
The main opposition Minjoo Party of Korea signaled Friday it will begin an impeachment process, following nationwide street protests Saturday against President Park Geun-hye unless the president voluntarily steps down.
Speaking before reporters at the National Assembly, Minjoo Chairwoman Choo Mi-ae said her party would undertake legal measures to stop presidential power granted to Park if she continues to hold onto power amid a scandal involving influence exerted by her longtime friend, Choi Soon-sil.
"If President Park does not resign from her post," said the judge-turned-lawmaker, "the Minjoo Party will bring about the legal and political resignation of the president in trilateral joint efforts with other opposition parties."
The Minjoo chief described the Park administration's attempt to hold onto power as a "force of evil," while characterizing public and opposition demands for her resignation as a "force for justice."
She added, "We will take steps to halt the constitutional rights bestowed upon President Park unless she steps down."
Choo's aggressive comment warning of an impeachment process came as the presidential office showed no sign of bowing to growing pressure from both the public and the opposition parties that President Park resign or withdraw herself from state and foreign affairs in the aftermath of the so-called Choi-gate.
Further deploring the Blue House, the veteran lawmaker noted there were rumors about President Park planning to declare martial law to quell protesters, who took out to the streets in numbers that reached one million in the heart of Seoul on Nov. 12 demanding Park out of office.
The three opposition parties - Minjoo, People's and Justice - command the combined loyalties of 165 lawmakers. A two-thirds vote by the legislature's 300 lawmakers is required to pass an impeachment motion. There are six independents leaning toward the opposition, which means there is a total of 171 lawmakers who will almost certainly support an impeachment motion.
But this is still 29 votes short, so the opposition needs to win 29 votes from the Saenuri Party's 129 lawmakers.
The governing party is split down the middle as its pro-Park faction locks horns with the rest of the party, so those 29 votes may be within reach.
If that happens, Park will become the second president in Korean history to be impeached, following former President Roh Moo-hyun, who was impeached 12 years ago for illegal electioneering.
Among the ruling party members, former Saenuri Chairman Kim Moo-sung, who is expected to run for president next year, openly called for the impeachment of his one-time boss.
But even if the motion gets passed, it could take up to 180 days before the Constitutional Court finishes its deliberation on whether President Park should be ousted from office.
To approve of an impeachment motion, seven out of the nine justices on the constitutional bench should cast "yes" votes. Constitutional Chief Justice Park Han-chul and Justice Lee Jung-mi will finish their tenures in January and March next year, which may help Park if she is impeached, since the motion will then be reviewed by the remaining seven justices on the nine-member bench, unless Park appoints their successors.
This will require six out of the seven justices' vote to finalize her impeachment, since the two absences will be automatically counted as having voted against the impeachment. In Roh's case, the court rejected his impeachment motion after 64 days.
Despite mounting pressure for her resignation, Park appears determined to stay in power, and on Friday her spokesman told the press that she is planning to attend a trilateral meeting with her Chinese and Japanese counterparts in Tokyo next month. Park is also said to be planning to preside over a cabinet meeting Tuesday, her first one in 42 days.
Park also conferred on Friday official appointment certificates to her newly appointed presidential secretaries, including her Chief of Staff Han Gwang-ok, as well as letters of credence to five new ambassadors, including Cho Tae-yul, Seoul's new ambassador to Washington.
After Choo's remark earlier in the day that Park may proclaim martial law as a survival tactic, Blue House Spokesman Jung Youn-kuk called such allegations "irresponsible political incitement."
Street protests are scheduled to take place on Saturday nationwide. The rally organizer, an association of various civic and labor groups, estimate up to 500,000 people will take to the streets in Seoul, while as many as 1 million people will participate nationwide.
Park's approval rating has remained at an all-time low of five percent for three weeks now, according to a Gallup Korea poll of 1,007 adults nationwide that was conducted from Tuesday to Thursday. The rating is the lowest for any Korean president in history.
kang.jinkyu@joongang.co.kr


A Brief History of Women, the new play by Alan Ayckbourn, bears a somewhat misleading title. It is really the history of a home, specifically Kirkbridge Manor, which between 1925 and 1985 serves a variety of purposes: as a Georgian country house, as a preparatory school, as an arts center, and finally as a hotel. Our anchor is Anthony Spates (Antony Eden), who keeps returning to this building in all its manifestations, first as a seventeen-year-old footman and finally as the elderly general manager of the hotel.
The four scenes that constitute A Brief History are snapshots of Anthony's life, notable for what they reveal as much as for what they leave out. We see his first kiss, his first affair, and a first date, of sorts, with his future wife. But for the most part, the play deals with the memory of happiness more than happiness itself: the twenty-odd years he spends married to Gillian (Louise Shuttleworth) take place between set changes, and a budding romance soon gives way to melancholy widowhood. There is a pervading sense of loneliness here, both in and out of marriage.
Near the end of A Brief History, Anthony's first kiss, now a nonagenarian, tells him that houses "never forget you. They always remember you." Is this appeal to permanence genuine or ironic? Thankfully, Mr. Ayckbourn doesn't give us an answer. The country house has loomed large in British literature for centuries—as a symbol of English continuity as well as one of aristocratic decadence—and the success of this play lies in its ability to balance quite effortlessly the sentimentalism of Mansfield Park with the cynicism of the Tallis estate.
A Brief History of Women runs through May 27th at 59E59 Theaters. 59 E. 59th Street New York, NY. 2 hours 30 minutes. One intermission.


ground, as given by Dr.
Psi Young Man of the Year.
Then, Chancellor Charles explained how he. Dr.
unusually short remarks. He Institutional Development.
"the day'' to win a New You!
called "the day of the men."
of FS U 's finest men.
for their college or university.


We have another amazing sketch for you this week. I couldn't get enough of the Beach Scene Builder Die-namics so I used it to create another sunset scene. The background was created by blending a couple of Distress Inks. The palm tree and the oval were both die-cut in Black Licorice card stock.


These pretty Boho style Antique Copper Patina Earrings were created with small Glass Metallic Colored Seed Beads hanging in the middle. Stainless Steel Lever Back for added comfort. These Dangle Earrings will go perfectly with any Patina Pendant.


text:
Author: Hayward, Mark D.
Resulting in 30 citations.
1. Hayward, Mark D.
The Effects of the Work Role on Early Retirement
Presented: San Antonio, TX, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, 1984
Cohort(s): Older Men
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Early Retirement; Health Factors; Pensions; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Work History
The influence of the occupational work role on the early retirement transition of older men is examined. Attention is focused both on the independent effects of work characteristics and on the extent to which these characteristics account for the effects of certain traditional determinants of early retirement. Using data from the NLS of Older Men and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, a model of early retirement is specified in which two labor force continuation ratios reflecting dichotomous contrasts between early and late retirement are a function of major dimensions of the occupational work role (cognitive skill, manipulative skill, social skill, and physical and environmental demands), other job attributes (union membership, wage compulsory retirement regulations, and job tenure), and certain traditional explanatory factors (health, pension coverage). The results indicate that aspects of the occupational work role are major determinants of early retirement. Moreover, the findings suggest that when the nature of work is controlled, the influence of health increases while the effects of pension coverage decline. Past research may have overestimated the actual pecuniary influence of pension benefits while underestimating the influence of health limitations.
Hayward, Mark D. "The Effects of the Work Role on Early Retirement." Presented: San Antonio, TX, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, 1984.
The Influence of Occupational Characteristics on Men's Early Retirement
Social Forces 64,4 (June 1986): 1032-1045.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2578793
Publisher: University of North Carolina Press
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Early Retirement; Occupations; Pensions; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This paper examines the influence of occupational characteristics on the early retirement of men, using data derived from the 1973-1981 interview waves of the NLS of Older Men. The results indicate that there is some age- grading of occupational "attractiveness" such that occupational characteristics gain or lose their direct salience for retirement depending on the age of incumbents. In addition, when the nature of work is controlled, the influence of pension coverage declines, suggesting that past research may have overestimated the pecuniary influence of pension benefits.
Hayward, Mark D. "The Influence of Occupational Characteristics on Men's Early Retirement." Social Forces 64,4 (June 1986): 1032-1045.
Chen, Hsinmu
Friedman, Samantha
Race Differences in Retirement Life Cycle Experiences and Labor Force Participation Rates
Presented: Cincinnati, OH, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1993
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Dual Economic Theory; Labor Force Participation; Life Cycle Research; Markov chain / Markov model; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Racial Differences; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Statistical Analysis; Transition Rates, Activity to Work
A Markov-based, multistate life-table model is used to examine how race differences in older men's labor force participation rates (LFPRs) are influenced by differences in labor force status transition rates, mortality, and population composition. Key missing information in the scientific literature is how the retirement life cycle experiences of blacks and whites determine race differences in LFPRs. In light of these results, the utility of labor force participation rates to assess race differences in retirement behavior is evaluated. Transition rates are derived from multivariate hazards models based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men. Race-specific multistate working life tables are estimated, showing the relationship between LFPRs and retirement life cycle experiences for a life table population. Simulations are used to examine changes in LFPRs and retirement life cycle experiences for a given race group produced by substituting transition rates from the other race group.
Hayward, Mark D., Hsinmu Chen and Samantha Friedman. "Race Differences in Retirement Life Cycle Experiences and Labor Force Participation Rates." Presented: Cincinnati, OH, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1993.
Career Trajectories and Older Men's Retirement
Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 53B,2 (March 1998): S91-S103.
Also: http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/53B/2/S91.abstract
Publisher: Gerontological Society of America
Keyword(s): Benefits, Disability; Career Patterns; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mobility, Labor Market; Occupational Status; Retirement/Retirement Planning
The idea of a long and stable career rewarded by retirement is a fixture of the American social ethos and political economy. The paradox is that many Americans' careers do not fit this image. Here, we examined how the structure of the career, as compared to only those circumstances proximate to retirement, is important for understanding career endings. Based on labor force histories drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, we observed that the occupational roles held through the mid and late career combine additively to influence retirement and disability experiences, with different conditions of work coming into play depending on the career stage. Occupational roles in the mid career also have long-term, indirect effects, operating through the onset of health problems and the adequacy of pension benefits. Although retirement and disability are not hinged to occupational mobility per se, these career endings are sensitive to major discontinuities in the career and work role in terms of unemployment and labor force mobility. (AUTHOR)
Hayward, Mark D., Samantha Friedman and Hsinmu Chen. "Career Trajectories and Older Men's Retirement." Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 53B,2 (March 1998): S91-S103.
Race Inequities in Men's Retirement
Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 51B,1 (January 1996): S1-S10.
Also: http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/51B/1/S1.abstract
Keyword(s): Disability; Labor Force Participation; Life Cycle Research; Male Sample; Mortality; Racial Differences; Retirement/Retirement Planning
Assessed inequities of retirement access for black and white older men. Cohort-based prospective analysis of mid- and late-career labor force behavior was conducted using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (NLS). The NLS is a nationally representative sample of 5,020 men, aged 45-59 in 1966, who were followed for 17 years. A multistate life table model was used to identify how labor force experiences and mortality determined the labor force participation rates (LFPRs) and the qualities of the retirement life cycle for blacks and whites. Results showed that black men's lower LFPRs were a function of disability. Despite lower LFPRs than whites, however, blacks spent a greater portion of their lives both working and disabled, reducing the retirement period. Race differences in the retirement life cycle were also highly sensitive to mortality. Although race did not affect the risk of reentry, retirement reversals were more common among whites than blacks due to differential exposure. The combination of higher disability and mortality rates among blacks suggests that health is a key determinant of retirement inequity. It is concluded that reducing black mortality to that of whites would substantially narrow the life cycle difference, although mortality is not generally thought to be policy manipulable. (AR) (AgeLine Database, copyright 1996 AARP, all rights reserved)
Hayward, Mark D., Samantha Friedman and Hsinmu Chen. "Race Inequities in Men's Retirement." Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 51B,1 (January 1996): S1-S10.
Gorman, Bridget K.
Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early-Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality
Demography 41,1 (February 2004): 87-108.
Also: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=12618581&db=aph
Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Education; Family Income; Family Studies; Household Income; Income; Life Course; Maternal Employment; Mortality; Occupational Choice; Parental Influences; Rural/Urban Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Increasingly, social scientists are turning to childhood to gain a better understanding of the fundamental social causes of adult mortality. However, evidence of the link between childhood and the mortality of adults is fragmentary, and the intervening mechanisms remain unclear. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, our analysis shows that men's mortality is associated with an array of childhood conditions, including socioeconomic status, family living arrangements, mother's work status, rural residence, and parents' nativity. With the exception of parental nativity, socioeconomic-achievement processes in adulthood and lifestyle factors mediated these associations. Education, family income, household wealth, and occupation mediated the influence of socioeconomic status in childhood. Adult lifestyle factors, particularly body mass, mediated the effects of family living arrangements in childhood, mother's work status, and rural residence. Our findings bring into sharp focus the idea that economic and educational policies that are targeted at children's well-being are implicitly health policies with effects that reach far into the adult life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Hayward, Mark D. and Bridget K. Gorman. "Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early-Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality." Demography 41,1 (February 2004): 87-108.
Robinson, Kristen Noelle
Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality
Working Paper 01-04, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, March 2001.
Also: http://www.pop.psu.edu/general/pubs/working_papers/psu-pri/wp0104.pdf
Publisher: Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University
Keyword(s): Children; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mortality; Rural/Urban Differences; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Factors
This paper was also presented at Population Association of America Annual Meetings, Washington, DC 2001.
Our study contributes to understanding the basic associations between childhood circumstances and adult health in several ways. First, we take advantage of a nationally representative survey of American men aged 45-59 years in 1966 -- the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (NLS). These men are followed for a 24-year period, providing us with biographical information on socioeconomic achievement processes, lifestyle behaviors, and the timing and primary cause of death. Second, the survey contains measures of childhood circumstances that encompass theoretically important social origins of adult mortality -- the family of origin's socioeconomic circumstances, family status, residence in rural and urban communities, and nativity of both the respondent and his parents. The richness of information about both childhood and adulthood provides a sound base to examine the nature of the associations between childhood circumstances, adult circumstances, and adult mortality. To this end, we examine whether childhood circumstances have long-term associations with adult mortality, net of adult socioeconomic achievement and lifestyle. We also investigate the possible over-estimation of effects of adult socioeconomic factors in mortality research for which information on childhood circumstances was not available.
Hayward, Mark D., Bridget K. Gorman and Kristen Noelle Robinson. "Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality." Working Paper 01-04, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, March 2001.
Grady, William R.
Work and Retirement Among a Cohort of Older Men in the United States, 1966-1983
Demography 27,3 (August 1990): 337-356.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/a4031v28172234n7/
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Disabled Workers; Labor Force Participation; Mobility; Modeling; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Simultaneity; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Work Attachment; Work Histories
Multivariate increment-decrement working life tables are estimated for a cohort of older men in the United States for the period 1966-1983. The approach taken allows multiple processes to be simultaneously incorporated into a single model, resulting in a more realistic portrayal of a cohort's labor force behavior. In addition, because the life table model is developed from multivariate hazard equations, we identify the net effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the potentially complex process by which the labor force career is ended. In contrast to the assumed homogeneity of previous working life table analyses, the present study shows marked differences in labor force mobility, and working the nonworking life expectancy according to occupation, class of worker, education, race, and marital status. Policy and substantive implications of these patterns are briefly discussed.
Hayward, Mark D. and William R. Grady. "Work and Retirement Among a Cohort of Older Men in the United States, 1966-1983." Demography 27,3 (August 1990): 337-356.
Hardy, Melissa A.
Occupational Consequences for Men's Early Retirement
report, Seattle WA: Battelle Human Affairs Research Center, 1985
Publisher: Battelle Human Affairs Research Center
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Early Retirement; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Tenure; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This study examines the consequences of the occupational work context for men's early retirement. The project consists of three major stages. The first stage focuses on the relationship between the nature of work in the occupation and the occupationally-based opportunity structure for older men's labor force participation. The intent is to identify those features of the occupational context that help define older men's opportunity structure. In the second stage of the project, the analysis focuses on the direct contributions of the occupational context to early retirement relative to traditional retirement determinants. The results indicate that while occupational characteristics are not the dominant force directly influencing early retirement, there is some age-grading of occupational effects such that both task and non-task occupational characteristics gain or lose their direct salience for retirement depending on the age of incumbents. Finally, in the third stage of the study, the analyses address whether the impact of traditional retirement determinants is shaped by the nature of the work. The analyses indicate that the occupation serves to structure the influence of several key determinants of early retirement--particularly the effects of health status and job tenure. In general, the results of this study substantiate the importance of considering the occupational context in analyses of men's early retirement.
Hayward, Mark D., William R. Grady and Melissa A. Hardy. "Occupational Consequences for Men's Early Retirement." report, Seattle WA: Battelle Human Affairs Research Center, 1985.
10. Hayward, Mark D.
Sommers, David Gerard
Occupational Influences on Retirement, Disability and Death
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/92n1655360080128/
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Disabled Workers; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Mortality; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This research examines the alternative mechanisms by which occupations influence the nature and timing of older men's labor force withdrawal. In particular, the authors assess the extent to which occupational factors operate directly and indirectly on exiting events and whether occupations augment or constrain traditional determinants of labor force participation. Based on a discrete-time hazards modeling approach, the results substantiate that the occupational task activities, substantive complexity and physical demands, are key elements of the work environment that are evaluated against the set of non-work alternatives. In the case of retirement, these aspects of occupational attractiveness function as a dominant and direct force in retirement decision-making. With regard to disability, the occupational attribute of substantive complexity operates as an indirect advantage (through higher wage rates) by reducing the risk of a disability exit. Indicators of career continuity also determine the rate of retirement among older workers. Finally, results suggest that financial characteristics and health problems are central to the distribution of older workers across the alternative destination statuses of retirement, disability and death.
Hayward, Mark D., William R. Grady, Melissa A. Hardy and David Gerard Sommers. "Occupational Influences on Retirement, Disability and Death." Demography 26,3 (August 1989): 393-409.
Retirement, Disability and Death Among Older Men in the U.S.: The Influence of Occupation
Presented: Chicago, IL, American Statistical Association Annual Meetings, 1987
Publisher: American Statistical Association
Keyword(s): Disabled Workers; Labor Force Participation; Mortality; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This research examines the alternative mechanisms by which occupations influence the nature and timing of older men's labor force withdrawal. In particular, this research assesses the extent to which occupational factors operate directly and indirectly on exiting events and whether occupations augment or constrain traditional determinants of labor force participation. Based on a discrete-time hazards modeling approach, the results substantiate that the occupational task activities, substantive complexity and physical demands, are key elements of the work environment that are evaluated against the set of non-work alternatives. In the case of retirement, these aspects of occupational attractiveness function as a dominant and direct force in the retirement decision- making calculus. With regard to disability, these factors operate directly by defining vocational opportunities. Other occupational attributes such as mandatory retirement regulations and measures of career continuity also are key and direct determinants of the retirement decision.
Hayward, Mark D., William R. Grady, Melissa A. Hardy and David Gerard Sommers. "Retirement, Disability and Death Among Older Men in the U.S.: The Influence of Occupation." Presented: Chicago, IL, American Statistical Association Annual Meetings, 1987.
Early Retirement Processes Among Older Men: Occupational Differences
Research on Aging 7,4 (December 1985): 491-515.
Also: http://roa.sagepub.com/content/7/4/491.abstract
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Job Requirements; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This study examines the influence of the occupational context on early retirement, focusing on the ways in which the nature of work constrains early retirement processes. Using data from the NLS Older Men and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, a model of early retirement is estimated within occupational job families where a job family is a cluster of occupations grouped according to major task dimensions. The findings indicate that the effects of certain traditional determinants of early retirement vary substantially across occupations, demonstrating that the labor force opportunities of older men are defined within an occupational context, and that the impact of individual and job characteristics relevant to the early retirement decision are shaped by the nature of work.
Hayward, Mark D. and Melissa A. Hardy. "Early Retirement Processes Among Older Men: Occupational Differences." Research on Aging 7,4 (December 1985): 491-515.
Career Relinquishment Patterns Among Older Men in the United States
Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, 1986
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
This study investigates the influence of the occupational context and other sociodemographic characteristics on men's rates of retirement, disability, and death in the U.S. The intent is to identify career relinquishment processes for major subgroups in the labor market to more firmly ground current theory building attempts. Using a hazards model approach, the authors estimate a dynamic model of career relinquishment and identify the effects of occupations and sociodemographic factors on the three events marking the termination of the labor force career. Estimates from the hazards models were used to construct multi-decrement working life tables. The results allow quantification of, for a cohort of older men, the implications of the occupational context and sociodemographic factors in terms of the relative frequency of retirement, disability, and death, the pace of labor force withdrawal, and the number of years workers of a given age can anticipate being in the labor force. To provide substantive direction for future research, possible mechanisms which may explain the observed subgroup differences in withdrawal patterns are discussed.
Hayward, Mark D., Melissa A. Hardy and William R. Grady. "Career Relinquishment Patterns Among Older Men in the United States." Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, 1986.
Labor Force Withdrawal Patterns Among Older Men in the United States
Social Science Quarterly 70,2 (June 1989): 425-448
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Disabled Workers; Mortality; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning
Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.
Hayward, Mark D., Melissa A. Hardy and William R. Grady. "Labor Force Withdrawal Patterns Among Older Men in the United States." Social Science Quarterly 70,2 (June 1989): 425-448.
Liu, Mei-Chun
Work After Retirement: The Experiences of Older Men in the United States
Social Science Research 23,1 (March 1994): 82-107.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X84710040
Keyword(s): Labor Force Participation; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Retirees; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Work Reentry
The permeability of the work/retirement boundary is examined by investigating the labor force reentry process among a group of male retirees. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, hazards models are estimated to identify the determinants of postretirement work. Reentry is distinguished according to part-time and full-time work to capture potentially important sources of diversity. The results show that reentry occurs quickly--typically within the first year or two after a labor force exit. Despite career interruption, several work career factors significantly alter the overall chances of reentry. Comparing reentry determinants of full-time versus part-time work suggests that postretirement, part-time work is a distinct state referencing partial retirement; it is not a middle ground on a continuum between career work and complete retirement. In addition, characteristics positively linked to an initial early retirement negatively affect reentry into full-time (although not part-time) work. The determinants governing moves into and out of the labor force, and into and out of partial retirement are quite different. Overall, the results demonstrate that the transition from work to retirement is neither uniform nor irreversible.
Hayward, Mark D., Melissa A. Hardy and Mei-Chun Liu. "Work After Retirement: The Experiences of Older Men in the United States." Social Science Research 23,1 (March 1994): 82-107.
Lichter, Daniel T.
A Life Cycle Model of Labor Force Inequality: Extending Clogg's Life Table Approach
Sociological Methods and Research 26,4 (May 1998): 487-510.
Also: http://smr.sagepub.com/content/26/4/487.abstract
Keyword(s): Education; Income Dynamics/Shocks; Labor Force Participation; Life Cycle Research; Markov chain / Markov model; Statistical Analysis; Wage Gap
Develops explicit life-cycle measures of inequality that summarize the divergent stochastic processes defining group differences in labor force behavior, focusing on educational differences in individuals' work & retirement experiences over the latter part of the career cycle. The analytic approach is a Markov-based multistate life-table, directly extending Clifford C. Clogg's (1979) life-table model of labor force inequality. Analyses are based on 1966-1983 data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (initial N = 5,020 men, ages 45-59). The approach demonstrates how both prevalence measures of inequality and measures of life-cycle inequality are generated by the underlying stochastic processes. Comparisons of the life-cycle and prevalence measures illustrate the potentially divergent pictures of labor force inequality conveyed by the alternative measures. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 20 References. Adapted from the source document
Hayward, Mark D. and Daniel T. Lichter. "A Life Cycle Model of Labor Force Inequality: Extending Clogg's Life Table Approach." Sociological Methods and Research 26,4 (May 1998): 487-510.
McLaughlin, Diane K.
Handcock, Mark S.
A Distributional Approach to Examining Differences in Life Expectancy
Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 1997
Keyword(s): Heterogeneity; Life Cycle Research; Modeling; Mortality; Variables, Independent - Covariate
Population heterogeneity in mortality is typically illustrated using group-specific life tables or covariate effects in statistical models. These approaches ignore group differences in the distributions of mortality risks. Here, we use methods of interdistributional comparisons to examine group differences in the distributions of life chances. Using data from the NLS-Older Men Survey, we derive an empirically determined distribution of life expectancy for middle-aged men. The distribution has a long frail tail with the curve becoming convex after life expectancy reaches the mode. This distribution is treated as a baseline distribution of population heterogeneity in mortality We compare other distributions derived from simulations to assess how the effects of improving individuals' life circumstances would alter the distribution of life chances in the population.
Hayward, Mark D., Diane K. McLaughlin and Mark S. Handcock. "A Distributional Approach to Examining Differences in Life Expectancy." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 1997.
Pienta, Amy M.
Does Money Always Buy Health? The SES Gradient Across Geographic Context
Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, May 1996
Keyword(s): Education; Geographical Variation; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Income; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Rural/Urban Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wealth
This analysis assesses geographic differences in older men's mortality. Two issues are considered. First, to what extent do SES differences across urban and rural contexts account for the geographic gap in morality'? Second is the SES gradient equally pervasive across geographic contexts'? In examining these issues, measures of SES are created to evaluate both proximal and distal effects as well as the multifaceted effects arising from education, income, and wealth. Lifestyle mechanisms are also considered. Employing the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, hazard models are estimated of both overall and cause-specific mortality. Our findings document a persistent contextual gap in mortality with rural men having lower mortality. The gap is exacerbated, not diminished, when SES characteristics are controlled. The SES gradient across rural/urban contexts is highly sensitive to whether proximal or distal measures of SES are modeled.
Hayward, Mark D., Diane K. McLaughlin and Amy M. Pienta. "Does Money Always Buy Health? The SES Gradient Across Geographic Context." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, May 1996.
Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38,4 (December 1997): 313-330.
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Epidemiology; Health Care; Life Cycle Research; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Rural Areas; Rural/Urban Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Lower mortality for older rural Americans, compared to urban residents, runs counter to rural-urban disparities in health care services and residents' socioeconomic resources. This paradox calls into question the ways in which community conditions influence mortality and contextualized the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic status and health. Drawing on 24 years of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, we observe that rural older men's life expectancy advantages occur even after controlling for residential differences in social class and lifestyle factors. Our results also show that rural advantages in mortality coincide with a more equitable distribution of life chances across the social classes. The association between social class and mortality is strongest among urban men, arising from socioeconomic conditions throughout the life cycle.
Hayward, Mark D., Amy M. Pienta and Diane K. McLaughlin. "Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38,4 (December 1997): 313-330.
20. Heron, Melonie
Kozimor-King, Michele Lee
Hayward, Mark D.
The Effects of Race on Men's Mid- and Late-Career Occupational Mobility
Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association, August 1996
Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Career Patterns; Data Quality/Consistency; Education; Geographical Variation; Job Status; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Racial Differences; Wealth
Examines the mid- & late-career mobility experiences for black & white men ages 45-64, drawing on data derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, to assess the extent to which differences in achievement processes persist into mid- & late career, & to examine whether blacks & whites differ in terms of age vulnerability of careers. Contrary to these hypotheses, controlling for individual & job characteristics, race is significant only for upward within-employer mobility. Moreover, everything else being equal, blacks demonstrate high rates of upward mobility. Other factors, e.g., job sector, wealth, education, & geographical location, were more important than race for between-employer moves & within-employer downward mobility. (Copyright 1996, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Heron, Melonie, Michele Lee Kozimor-King and Mark D. Hayward. "The Effects of Race on Men's Mid- and Late-Career Occupational Mobility." Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association, August 1996.
21. Hudis, Paula M.
Statham, Anne
A Longitudinal Model of Sex-Role Attitudes, Labor Force Participation and Childbearing
Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1981
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Fertility; Husbands, Influence; Sex Roles
This study analyzes the over time interrelationships among sex role attitudes, women's labor force participation, and fertility. Sex-role attitudes and employment have a positive effect on the work decision. However, prior sex-role orientations have no significant subsequent influence on childbearing. Since there is a correlation between labor force participation and fertility, an indirect relationship between sex-role attitudes and fertility may be inferred. The husband's perception concerning the work decision is a significant factor which influences childbearing.
Hudis, Paula M., Anne Statham and Mark D. Hayward. "A Longitudinal Model of Sex-Role Attitudes, Labor Force Participation and Childbearing." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1981.
22. Lichter, Daniel T.
Anderson, Robert N.
Marriage Markets and Marital Choice
Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994
Keyword(s): Assortative Mating; Census of Population; Marriage; Racial Studies; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wages, Reservation
This study examines the relationship between marriage market conditions and marital choice (i.e., assortative mating). The guiding hypothesis is that shortages of attractive mates not only lower the probability of marriage, but in the event of marriage, also alter never-married women's "reservation-quality spouse" (i.e., akin to reservation wage in job search theory). To the extent that marital pros never-married women are more likely to: (1) marry men with characteristics to their own as they expand the pool of eligible mates; and (2) marry socioeconomic status. We test this hypothesis using data from the National Survey of Youth. Our discrete-time competing risk hazards models pit micro explanations that emphasize women's personal resources against structural explanations that emphasize local marriage market constraints in the mate selection process.
Lichter, Daniel T., Robert N. Anderson and Mark D. Hayward. "Marriage Markets and Marital Choice." Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994.
Journal of Family Issues 16,4 (July 1995): 412-431.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/412.refs
Keyword(s): Assortative Mating; Census of Population; Demography; Family Characteristics; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Racial Studies; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wages, Reservation
Lichter, Daniel T., Robert N. Anderson and Mark D. Hayward. "Marriage Markets and Marital Choice." Journal of Family Issues 16,4 (July 1995): 412-431.
24. Moore, David Eugene
Mortality Among a Cohort of Older Men
Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1988
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mobility, Job; Mortality; Occupational Choice; Working Conditions
This paper presents findings from an analysis of occupational differentials in mortality among a cohort of older men ages 55 years and older in the United States for the period 1966-1983. The dynamics which characterize socioeconomic differentials in mortality are analyzed by tracking the changes in status that occur throughout the mature worker's occupational career. We find that the mortality of current or last occupation differs from that of the longest occupation, controlling for education, income, health status, and other factors. These differences are consistent with the notion that individuals in physically demanding or debilitating occupations attempt to avoid the health risks associated with these jobs by changing occupations.
Moore, David Eugene and Mark D. Hayward. "Mortality Among a Cohort of Older Men." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1988.
Occupational Careers and Mortality of Elderly Men
Demography 27,1 (February 1990): 31-53.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/x1j16803835p7539/
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mobility, Occupational; Mortality; Occupations; Work Histories; Working Conditions
A study examined occupational differentials in mortality among a cohort of men aged 55 and older in the US for the period 1966-1983. Using data from the NLS of Older Men, event histories were constructed for 3,080 respondents who reached the exact age of 55. The dynamics that characterize the socioeconomic differentials in mortality were examined by evaluating the differential effects of occupation over the career cycle. The maximum likelihood estimates of hazard-model parameters showed that the mortality of current or last occupation differed substantially from that of longest occupation, controlling for education, income, health status, and other sociodemographic factors. The rate of mortality was reduced by the substantive complexity of the longest occupation, while social skills and physical and environmental demands of the latest occupation lowered mortality. [ABI/INFORM]
Moore, David Eugene and Mark D. Hayward. "Occupational Careers and Mortality of Elderly Men." Demography 27,1 (February 1990): 31-53.
26. Walsemann, Katrina Michelle
Hummer, Robert A.
Educational Pathways and the Smoking and Binge Drinking Behavior of U.S. Young Adults
Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; College Education; College Enrollment; Smoking (see Cigarette Use)
Using a life course perspective, we investigate whether and why different educational pathways are associated with smoking and binge drinking among US young adults. This is important because educational heterogeneity is infrequently studied in the education-health literature. We use 14 waves (1997-2011) of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n=7,359). Young adults who delayed college enrollment or who did not attain their bachelor's degree within 4 years were more likely to smoke whereas young adults who delayed college enrollment were less likely to binge drink than young adults who enrolled in college immediately after high school and attained a bachelor's degree within 4 years. Marital and occupational statuses in young adulthood explained a portion of the relationships between educational pathways and health behavior. These findings strongly suggest that heterogeneity in educational pathways is important for understanding young adult health behavior.
Walsemann, Katrina Michelle, Robert A. Hummer and Mark D. Hayward. "Educational Pathways and the Smoking and Binge Drinking Behavior of U.S. Young Adults." Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017.
Heterogeneity in Educational Pathways and the Health Behavior of U.S. Young Adults
Population Research and Policy Review 37,3 (June 2018): 343-366.
Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11113-018-9463-7
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; College Enrollment; Educational Attainment; Heterogeneity; Life Course; Smoking (see Cigarette Use)
An increasing number of U.S. adults are progressing through college in decidedly more complex ways. Little is known, however, about how this growing heterogeneity may be associated with the health behaviors and ultimately health of young adults. Using a life course perspective, we investigate whether and why different educational pathways--that is, variation in when people attend and complete school--are associated with daily smoking and binge drinking among U.S. young adults. We use 14 waves (1997-2011) of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (n = 7359) that enable us to identify the most common educational pathways, as well as their association with young adult health behaviors. Bachelor's degree recipients who enrolled immediately after high school but did not attain their degree within 4 years were more likely to smoke daily in early adulthood (i.e., ages 26-32) than those who enrolled in college immediately after high school and attained a bachelor's degree within 4 years. Conversely, bachelor's degree recipients who delayed college enrollment were less likely to binge drink in early adulthood than individuals who enrolled in college immediately after high school and attained a bachelor's degree within 4 years. Marital status and household income in young adulthood accounted for some of the relationships between educational pathways and health behavior. These findings highlight the complexity of education's relationship to health behavior and strongly suggest that heterogeneity in educational pathways should be explicitly examined in population health research.
Walsemann, Katrina Michelle, Robert A. Hummer and Mark D. Hayward. "Heterogeneity in Educational Pathways and the Health Behavior of U.S. Young Adults." Population Research and Policy Review 37,3 (June 2018): 343-366.
28. Warner, David F.
A Life Course Model of Race Disparities in Men's Mortality: The Role of Childhood Social Conditions
Working Paper, Population Research Center and Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, August 2003.
Also: http://www.sph.uth.tmc.edu/course/occupational_envHealth/bamick/home/TPSH%20Seminar%20Series%20Materials/Hayward%20December%202003/warner&hayward_jhsbsubmission.pdf
Keyword(s): Childhood; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Life Course; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Factors
Drawing on the life course perspective, we examine the childhood social and economic origins of the race gap in men's all-cause mortality. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (1966-1990), we use nested hazard models to evaluate the mechanisms by which childhood and adult conditions differentiate the life chances of blacks and whites. Our findings indicate that childhood (social) conditions explain a substantial part of the race gap in men's mortality, operating indirectly through adult socioeconomic achievement. Lifestyle factors do not explain the race gap in men's all-cause mortality, although childhood conditions predict adult lifestyle behaviors. While omitting childhood conditions in modeling race disparities in mortality does not substantially alter the contributions of adult socioeconomic conditions, ignoring the role of childhood conditions is problematic for public policy given our results.
Warner, David F. and Mark D. Hayward. "A Life Course Model of Race Disparities in Men's Mortality: The Role of Childhood Social Conditions." Working Paper, Population Research Center and Department of Sociology, The Pennsylvania State University, August 2003.
Early-Life Origins of the Race Gap in Men's Mortality
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47,3 (September 2006): 209-226.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/47/3/209.abstract
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Life Course; Mortality; Occupational Status; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Factors; Wealth
Using a life course framework, we examine the early life origins of the race gap in men's all-cause mortality. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (1966–1990), we evaluate major social pathways by which early life conditions differentiate the mortality experiences of blacks and whites. Our findings indicate that early life socioeconomic conditions, particularly parental occupation and family structure, explain part of the race gap in mortality. Black men's higher rates of death are associated with lower socioeconomic standing in early life and living in homes lacking both biological parents. However, these effects operate indirectly through adult socioeconomic achievement processes, as education, family income, wealth, and occupational complexity statistically account for the race gap in men's mortality. Our findings suggest that policy interventions to eliminate race disparities in mortality and health should address both childhood and adult socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Warner, David F. and Mark D. Hayward. "Early-Life Origins of the Race Gap in Men's Mortality." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47,3 (September 2006): 209-226.
Racial Disparities in Men's Mortality: The Role of Childhood Social Conditions in a Process of Cumulative Disadvantage
Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002
Keyword(s): Children, Health Care; Family Environment; Family History; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Life Course; Life Cycle Research; Male Sample; Mortality; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Black American men live fewer years than whites and, moreover, the onset of chronic illness occurs earlier in the life cycle for Blacks. This results in Blacks living more years with chronic health problems and a higher prevalence of functional disability beginning in mid-life. Recent research suggests that these different health experiences result from socioeconomic disparities, rather than behavioral effects or discrimination, per se. Applying a life course perspective, we use the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (1966-1990) to investigate the childhood origins of these divergent health trajectories. We use discrete-time hazard models to estimate racial differences in men's risk of mortality as a function of childhood living arrangements and family of origin socioeconomic status, net of adult socioeconomic indicators, marriage and health related behaviors. The findings suggest that childhood socioeconomic conditions explain a substantial part of the race gap in adult men's mortality, consistent with a process of cumulative disadvantage.
Warner, David F. and Mark D. Hayward. "Racial Disparities in Men's Mortality: The Role of Childhood Social Conditions in a Process of Cumulative Disadvantage." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002.


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Homepage > In the Public Interest > Nuclear Earthquake
Nuclear Earthquake
The first move the electric company that owns the Diablo Canyon plant in southern California took on hearing that an earthquake had struck the San Francisco bay area over 500 miles to the north was to shut the plant down. The reason: Diablo Canyon is an atomic energy facility.
It is remarkable how little attention the press has given to a recipe for disaster that is a combination of nuclear power plants and earthquakes. Yet, as colleague Ken Bossong of the Critical Mass Energy Project in 'Washington. D.C. observed: "Numerous U.S. nuclear reactors such as Diablo Canyon in California, Indian Point in New York, and Millstone in Connecticut are constructed perilously close to known fault lines."
Bossong's points are so compelling that they are reported verbatim:
"Following an earthquake, a crack in the piping which carries cooling water to the reactor core could result in a rapid loss of coolant. Within minutes thereafter, the fuel rods in the core could melt leading to an explosion. Radioactive materials would almost certainly leak from the reactor under any circumstance and particularly if an explosion breached the reactors containment dome. According to government studies, a major nuclear accident of this sort could result in thousands of immediate, deaths as well as billions of dollars in property damage.
The nuclear industry maintains that nuclear reactors have been designed to Withstand earthquakes. However, this assumption is based on computer modeling which has been found to be faulty in the past. For example in 1979, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) temporarily closed five nuclear reactors when it discovered that engineers had underestimated the stresses that piping in the reactors' coolant systems might have to withstand in the event of an earthquake. Other nuclear plants, such as the Humboldt Bay reactor in northern California, have been closed after years of operating because they were belatedly found incapable of withstanding a severe, earthquake.
"The safety of nuclear reactors also presumes that individual components (e.g. piping, valves, electrical circuitry) have been specially engineered to certain seismic specifications. Yet, in the past year, the NRC has acknowledged that counterfeit and substandard parts have been widely used in the construction and maintenance of the nation's nuclear reactors.
"Whether any nuclear reactor could withstand a quake that registers as high as 7.5 on the Richter scale is purely hypothetical since the nuclear industry has no experience with a quake of that magnitude. As was true for the ramp of Freeway MO which collapsed in San Francisco following a 6.9 quake, the seismic design systems of these plants could prove deficient in the event of a major earthquake.
"Yet, a 7.5 quake is not only very possible in California, the home of six commercial reactors, but also in the eastern United States where most nuclear plants are located and which experienced two of the strongest earthquakes in U.S. history in the 1800`s.
"Of at least equal concern are the radioactive waste storage pools located on the sites of most nuclear power plants. Since the waste stored in these pools can contain even more radioactivity than found in the reactors themselves, they pose an even greater risk of a catastrophic accident in the event of an earthquake. And, arguably, since these pools were originally designed as temporary structures, the construction of these pools vis-à-vis seismic criteria is more lax than for the reactors themselves.
"Likewise, the nuclear weapons production reactors operated by the U.S. Department of Energy pose an even greater safety threat since they are not required to meet the minimum seismic requirements established for commercial nuclear power plants by the NRC. For example, the Savannah River nuclear complex is situated 90 miles from Charleston, S.C. which experienced an 8.0 quake in 1886.
"Finally, the emergency evacuation plans developed for each nuclear plant largely discount the possibility of an earthquake. Nationwide, these plans assume that all persons within 10 miles of a plant (on average, about 6Q000 people) can be evacuated within an average of 5.1 hours. The evacuation plan for the Diablo Canyon plant, south of the area impacted in the quake, assumes this can be accomplished in 4.3 hours.
"However, it took hours to clear Candlestick. Park alone following yesterday's earthquake. Likewise, the chaos caused by damaged roadways, overworked and impaired communications systems, and loss of electrical power graphically illustrate how absurd these nuclear plant evacuation plans are.
"A major nuclear accident following an earthquake is more likely a matter of time than merely a remote possibility. In light of this and other arguments, a strong case can be made for rapidly phasing out the use of nuclear power in the United States. For the moment, though, federal regulators should at least view yesterday's earthquake as a final warning that seismic: standards and testing for all nuclear reactors as well as evacuation planning needs to be substantially upgraded before the next quake hits."


For me, Soda bread's a true winner: Yeast and hassle free (no sweat provoking kneading required), you can have a batch in the oven within 10 minutes. Genuinely. It's so quick in fact, I've adjusted, binned and tweaked this ambitious (for someone who doesn't make bread) combo countless times. I'm now ready to disclose.
Preheat oven to 190C / 375F / Gas 5. Sieve dry ingredients into a large bowl and mix to a soft dough with the milk. The dough should be slack but not wet.
Knead until smooth, form into a ball and flatten dough to 3 – 4" thick. Put on a greased baking tin and score a large cross o the top. Bake in the pre-heated oven for 35 – 40 mins.
The bread should still be quite moist in the centre due to the tahini so a knife shouldn't come out clean. If you over cook, the bread will become dry quickly after cooling.
Serve warm or toasted with good, salty butter and soup. Or with Mum's Seville orange marmalade.
Following on from last week's post The jam co-operative, here's the promised 1929 recipe for Seville orange marmalade. Taken from The Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries & Food, HMSO Bulletin 21: Home Preservation of Fruit & Vegetables. Tested, tweaked, tasted and approved by Mum Garcia.
Scrub, scald and peel the fruit.
Put the shredded peel, acid and half the water in a jam pan (I use lemons and grate some peel into the pan too). Bring to the boil and simmer gently for about 2 hours or until the peel is tender. Add more water if you think it's needed.
Cut the rest of the fruit and pith coarsely. Simmer with the rest of the water in a closed pan for 1.5 hrs then strain through a colander. Alternatively, rub the pulp through a fine sieve for a very thick marmalade.
Add the strained pulp to the peel, bring to the boil and cook off excess water if necessary. Add the sugar, stir until dissolved then boil rapidly until setting point is reached. To test: Put a tsp full onto a plate and allow to cool slightly. If the jam wrinkles when you press gently with your finger, it's ready.
Remove the scum from the top, allow the marmalade to cool slightly and pour into warm jars – cooling prevents the peel from rising in the jars.
Cover with waxed circles while still hot and tie down when cold. If using plastic or metal lids, sterilize by boiling for 5 mins first and screw on immediately.
I had an early induction on street food. Pioneering in nutrition, my mum would pitch up in a salubrious Black Isle (a peninsula on the Scottish Highlands) square every Saturday to sell home grown fruit and veg. Decent varieties of which were harder to come by without the use of the Inverness ferry (and a very long queue) in the, ahem, 1970s.
Not limited just to veggies, I'd help mum sell our home-made jams, chutneys, marmalades and spun wool (I kid you not) from the neighbour's burger van. The rest of the week Pat would use said vehicle to supply highlanders with gourmet venison burgers; you see, we Scots don't just eat deep fried Mars bars!
In those days street food was somewhat less en vogue; one well-heeled village resident promptly enlisted the local bobby to deal with the mobile people. I can only imagine the shame at Granny Mac's charity lunches; wasn't procreating with a Spanish drummer rogue enough? Mindful of his duties, our diligent PC promptly marched over to Mrs Garcia-Macintyre and with a broad Scottish accent, and a hint of a chuckle, demanded a passion fruit.
One area where Rebel Garcia and Matriarch Macintyre et al saw eye to eye though, was on the caliber of preserves we purveyed. With the help of a 1929 MAFF guide, mum's marmalade at least, has never been cause for debate.
Mrs Garcia now serves her wares, along with Netherton Farm eggs (more free-range than I feel is entirely necessary) with Wild boar cross Tamworth sausages and bacon at B&B Netherton Farm.
My Home-made soda & tahini bread, Wild boar cross Tamworth sausages, Netherton Farm eggs and Mum's chutney.
It's getting a little late in the day but you should still be able to get your hands on Seville oranges for MAFF Marmalade next week.


The internet revolution has given us all a voice that can be heard by thousands and, in rare cases when a post goes viral, millions of people. For consumers (that's all of us!) this can be immensely powerful giving us 'real' insights into others people's experiences from staying at hotels, to choosing a particular model of washing machine or getting a treatment at your local massage clinic.
The importance of reviews cannot be underestimated. For massage therapists in Brighton this has recently been brought into focus by one unscrupulous massage centre leaving fake negative reviews on many of its competitors listings on Google Places. At the same time not surprisingly they left several positive reviews for their own business.
Review sites such as Google Places, Qype and Trip Advisor are now often the first place people go when wanting to buy a product or find a service. Readers do however need to make judgements as to whether reviews are genuine or not and whether the reviewer if genuine is likely to have the same values, standards and expectations as yourself (lets face it – there is no pleasing some people!) . Trip Advisor is a great example of this having recently come under criticism for claiming to be a site where the reviews can be trusted but without a foolproof way to ensure the reviews are genuine.
With this in mind we can broadly class reviews into 3 categories – the good, the bad and the ugly!
The good review will drive more business to you, get you noticed by Google and reaffirm where you are doing things right.
A bad review is gutting BUT can be a wake up call and make you reflect on your practice. In the world of massage you really are only as good as your last massage.
Then there is the ugly review – posted by your competitor to try and discredit you. This is the worst sort of review, in that it tells you nothing to improve your business, shows how malicious and insecure the business posting the review is and, of course, can have a serious detrimental effect on your business.
Review sites are coming under increasing pressure to find ways to establish whether reviews are genuine, and rightly so. It would be a great shame for this great resource to be polluted by so many fake reviews that it ceases to be of any value anymore.
If you are looking for a massage centre in Brighton the reviews on Google places is still a great place to start. You can spot the fakes both good and bad fairly easily. Click on the reviewer and see if they've left lots of bad reviews for other similar business in the area (a sure sign this is an 'ugly' reviewer) and then a few glowing reviews for themselves. Integrity will always win the day (lets hope)!
Next post: TMJ massage in Brighton – could it be the answer to your migraine, grinding teeth or jaw ache?


At the U14 Player of the Month handover are Mark Wilson, Junior's Secretary from Banbridge Rangers, John Grant from firmus energy, Adam Loughlin, centre-midfield for Banbridge Rangers U14, Michael O'Kane from the firmus energy Mid-Ulster Youth League and Colt Cousins, 1st team captain of Banbridge Rangers.
Banbridge Rangers U14 player Adam Loughlin was awarded the first firmus energy Mid-Ulster Youth League Player of the Month Accolade for his outstanding effort and contribution to the team.
Described as a quiet and unassuming boy who lets his football do the talking, central midfielder Adam was selected out of the 11 players who were nominated from each U14 clubs in the firmus energy Midulster Youth league, which includes teams from Castlederg to Rathfriland and Enniskillen to Moira.
Chairman John Patterson said, "Adam joined Banbridge Rangers FC in January 2013 and immediately settled into the squad. The coaches very quickly became aware that we had a serious player in the ranks.
"He is a natural footballer who doesn't really have a weak foot and is an integral part of the U14 team who has made the central midfield role his own.
"He is one of the fittest in the squad and puts this to good use on match days as our long throw specialist - in fact, quite often his throw is better than a corner or free-kick as the opposition can't quite believe how far it goes.
"Adam loves a tackle and rarely loses any contact situation. He has scored many long range netbusters, but is also a player who will pop up in the box for an important goal from two yards.
"He finished last season by helping the 'wee Gers' win the firmus energy MUYL league cup and got a goal in the final to cap a star performance.
"He has brought that same form and attitude through to this current season as he helps the U14s strive for more firmus energy MUYL silverware and has earned many "man of the match" performances this season already. "He is on top form and we are very proud to have him as part of our squad.
The Player of the Month is a new initiative introduced by the firmus energy Mid-Ulster Youth League as a way to recognise outstanding young footballers in each of the different age categories and improve confidence and a sense of achievement amongst players.
Michael O'Kane from the Mid-Ulster Youth League explained: "Each month the award will recognise the best player of a certain age group and the U14 worthy winner was Adam Loughlin from Banbridge Rangers, so we would like to pass on our congratulations.
"We look for players that demonstrate dependability, quality of play, commitment to the Club and coaches, and for players that are generally a good role model for their team mates.
John Grant from firmus energy added: "Well done to Adam on his achievement to be selected out of so many dedicated and talented young footballers in the league.
"We have been working in Banbridge for almost eight years, bringing the offering of natural gas to hundreds of homes and businesses in the area and as a local company it is very important to us that we support local communities. We are therefore delighted to be involved in this thriving league which helps so many young sportspeople improve week on week.