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text:
Q: ResultSet setFetchSize() method is not working? I am using the ojdbc5.jar.
First, I am getting DatabaseMetaData from sql connection
Then I am calling getProcedureColumns() method on DatabaseMetaData which returns me a resultset.
When I print the fetchsize of the resultset, it returns 1.
Then, I tried setting this fetchsize using the method setFetchSize() method on the resultset.
Again, when I print the fetchSize of the resultset, it prints 1.
Why, the setFetchSize() method of the resultset is not working ?
DatabaseMetaData metaData = connection.getMetaData();
ResultSet result = metaData.getProcedureColumns(null,"IFSAPP","DECODE",null);
System.out.println(result.getFetchSize());
result.setFetchSize(100);
System.out.println(result.getFetchSize());

Result of the above code snippet is:
1
1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Remove and discard stems from muchrooms. Place caps on a greased baking sheet. Place caps on a greased baking sheet. Combine oil and garlic; brush over mushrooms. Broil 4-6 inches from the heat for 4-5 minutes or until tender.
In a small bowl, combine crab and mayonnaise. Place a red pepper half on each mushroom; top with crab mixture. Broil for 2-3 minutes or until heated through. Top with cheese; broil 1-2 minutes longer or until cheese is melted. Yield: 2 servings.
Notes: There is a reason for the roasted red pepper, I used fresh pepper and it was not tender at the end. I used shredded parmesan instead of provolone, I'm chicken when it comes to cheese I stay with the may 4 usually, cheddar, mozza, parmesona and havarti. I put the cheese on a step too soon but it was a nice crunchy cheese after it was all done. The whole thing was really good and I plan on making it again.


text:
Q: How to define a 2D convolution on tensors with rank greater than 4 in keras/tensorflow I'm attempting to find a way to perform 2D convolutions over tensors which are of higher dimensionality than 4, which is the input rank required by keras.layers.Conv2D and keras.backend.conv2d. By this I mean, instead of having an input of size [batch, W, H, C], I would like to be able to use [batch,<some_other_dimensions>, W, H, C], and for those other dimensions to be treated essentially in the same way as 'batch' (e.g. unaffected by the convolution). Unsurprisingly, this throws an error, so reshaping the array seems like the most straightforward solution, however, there are issues with this (as described below).
When reshaping, I'm messing with what Keras sees as the batch dimension, so I need to use the keras.backend.reshape, rather than keras.layers.Reshape, which seems to not access the batch dimension of your data. By using a lambda layer and keras.backend.reshape, we can make the input arrays of size [batch*<some_other_dimensions>,W,H,C] and then reshape them back again after performing our convolution. However, it's essential that this layer can form part of a Fully Convolutional Network, that can work on arbitrary image sizes, which have undefined W and H (set as None when instantiating the Input layer's shape). Therefore, we end up passing a shape that has two undefined spatial dimensions to keras.backend.reshape, which it obviously can't use:
[batch*<some_other_dimensions>,None,None,C].
I can get it to work when explicitly declaring the width and height (as you can see in my code). However, I really don't want to sacrifice the ability to ingest arbitrarily sized spatial dimensions, as its important for my project to be able to do so.
The only other option I can think of is actually defining my own custom layer that can handle > 4 dimensional inputs for 2D convolutions. I don't really know where to start with that, but advice would be most welcome if people think that is the most viable route. Or is there perhaps a nifty lambda layer out there that solves my problem?
from keras.layers import Input, Conv2D, Lambda
import keras.backend as K
from keras.models import Model

def reshape_then_conv(data_shape):

    input = Input(shape=data_shape)
    #should equal (None, *data_shape) because batch is prepended as None
    print('      INPUT SHAPE: ', input.shape)

    #reshaping input into 4D
    reshaped = Lambda(lambda x: K.reshape(x,(-1, *input.shape[3:])))(input)
    print('    AFTER RESHAPE: ', reshaped.shape)

    #convolve new 4D tensor
    convolved = Conv2D(10,(3,3),strides=2)(reshaped)
    print('AFTER CONVOLUTION: ', convolved.shape)

    #reshaping back but keeping new spatial and channel dimensions from convolution
    reshaped_back = Lambda(lambda x: K.reshape(x,(-1,*input.shape[1:3],*convolved.shape[-3:])))(convolved)
    return Model(inputs=input,outputs=reshaped_back)

#images of size 100,100,3 in 4-by-4 set
layer = reshape_then_conv([4,4,100,100,3])
print('     OUTPUT SHAPE: ', layer.output_shape,'\n')
#images of undefined size in 4-by-4 set
layer = reshape_then_conv([4,4,None,None,3])
print('     OUTPUT SHAPE: ', layer.output_shape)

As expected, the first call to 'reshape_then_conv' works, as we explicitly set the width and height. However, the second example gives:

TypeError: Failed to convert object of type  to Tensor. >Contents: (-1, Dimension(None), Dimension(None), Dimension(3)). Consider >casting elements to a supported type.

Thanks in advance for any insights you might have!
UPDATE
Thanks to @DMolony's answer, I've rearranged the code as follows...
from keras.layers import Input, Conv2D, Lambda
import keras.backend as K
from keras.models import Model

def reshape_then_conv(data_shape):

    input = Input(shape=data_shape)
    print('      INPUT SHAPE: ', input.shape)
    new_shape = K.concatenate((K.variable([-1],dtype='int32'),K.shape(input)[3:]))
    #reshaping input into 4D
    reshaped = Lambda(lambda x: K.reshape(x,new_shape))(input)
    print('    AFTER RESHAPE: ', reshaped.shape)

    #convolve new 4D tensor
    convolved = Conv2D(10,(3,3),strides=2)(reshaped)
    print('AFTER CONVOLUTION: ', convolved.shape)

    returning_shape = K.concatenate((K.variable([-1],dtype='int32'),K.shape(input)[1:3],K.shape(convolved)[-3:]))
    #reshaping back but keeping new spatial and channel dimensions from convolution
    reshaped_back = Lambda(lambda x: K.reshape(x,returning_shape))(convolved)
    return Model(inputs=input,outputs=reshaped_back)

#images of size 100,100,3 in 4-by-4 set
layer = reshape_then_conv([4,4,100,100,3])
print('     OUTPUT SHAPE: ', layer.output_shape,'\n')
#images of undefined size in 4-by-4 set
layer = reshape_then_conv([4,4,None,None,3])
print('     OUTPUT SHAPE: ', layer.output_shape)

A: When reshaping instead of using the static shape e.g.
input.shape[1:3]

try providing the dynamic shape e.g.
K.shape(input)[1:3]


text:
The Militia Act of 1862 (, enacted July 17, 1862) was an Act of the 37th United States Congress, during the American Civil War, that authorized a militia draft within a state when the state could not meet its quota with volunteers. The Act, for the first time, also allowed African-Americans to serve in the militias as soldiers and war laborers. (Previously, since the Militia Act of 1792, only white male citizens were permitted to participate in the militias.)

The act was controversial. It was praised by many abolitionists as a first step toward equality, because it stipulated that black recruits could be soldiers or manual laborers. However, the Act enacted discrimination in pay and other areas. It provided that most black soldiers were to receive $10 a month, with a $3 reduction for clothing, which was almost half as was received by white soldiers who received $13. According to historian Eric Foner, however, the difference in pay stemmed from the fact that the legislation envisioned blacks mainly as military laborers freeing up whites for combat. Many regiments struggled for equal pay, some refusing any money until June 15, 1864, when Congress deleted that portion of the Militia Act and granted equal pay for all black soldiers.

The state-administered system set up by the Act failed in practice and in 1863 Congress passed the Enrollment Act, the first genuine national conscription law. The 1863 law required the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages 20 and 45 and making them liable for conscription.

Background
By the summer of 1862, African American involvement in the Civil War was the center of a nationwide debate. Although the U.S. War Department had refused to accept black army volunteers since the start of the war, Union members were beginning to consider the benefits of having their support. While regarding the nationwide indecision, Congress had the ultimate power to decide whether people of African descent would participate in the Civil War as laborers and/or soldiers.

The 37th Congress neither leaned heavily towards the enrollment of black volunteers, nor towards their continued blockage. While the idea to use African Americans as laborers was generally accepted in Congress, the employment of black soldiers was not. Therefore, supporters in Congress of black combatants were proposing one of the most important developments of the war.

Observing the racial discrimination and strong opposition among ranks of military officers, Congress began to fear that black involvement would only prolong the war. However, in great contradiction, the overwhelming argument from those in support of black involvement was that the contribution of more soldiers was then extremely advantageous to the Army of the Potomac, regardless of their skin color. Justifying the use of black soldiers as a war necessity, the issued Militia Act of 1862 established the legality of black soldiers. Yet the recruits' salary was overlooked and established at $7 a month, almost half of what white soldiers received.

Congress created the Militia Act of 1862 as a war necessity to allow the army black soldier recruits, and with it, enforced unequal pay upon black combatants.

Precedent and constitutional authority
It was widely accepted that under the Constitution, Congress had the power to determine the makeup of militias. Section 8 of Article 1 of the Constitution empowered Congress "[t]o raise and support armies" and "[t]o provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in their service of the United States."

However, some politicians, including Senator John S. Carlile from Virginia, argued against the act: "I hold that Congress of the United States has no power to determine who shall compose the militia of a State in this Union". On the other hand, Republican Representative Jacob Collamer of Vermont reminded the members that in 1792 Congress had "passed an act for organizing the militia, and confined it to white people." The bill was called the Militia Act of 1792, which would have to be overridden by a new militia act to open military service to those of African descent.

Furthermore, Congress could decide to confiscate Confederate slaves for war efforts When assigned to the position of War Department Solicitor in November 1862, Attorney William Whiting confirmed in his detailed examination War Powers Under the Constitution of the United States, that "Congress may interfere with slavery by calling upon the slaves, as subjects, to enter the military service." Whiting insisted that slavery was a military target because it enabled the Confederacy to carry on "war against the Union" and forced "three million of loyal subjects owned by rebel masters to act as if they were traitors." Throughout his research as a leading professor in President Lincoln studies, Professor Allen Guelzo has found that Lincoln and his Republican Congressmen "rely hugely on Whiting's book" and use it "to justify what he's doing, both in terms of emancipation and black recruitment." Whiting's declaration gave Congress power to enforce a militia policy that included the black race as equal recruits.

Legislative history

Attitude of Congress
The 37th Congress neither leaned heavily towards the enrollment of black volunteers, nor towards their continued blockage. Even with both a Republican Senate and House majority (54 to 29 in the Senate, and 107 to 63 in the House), the issue of black recruitment was not easily settled because even "people in the Republican Party, were very hesitant to move towards black soldiers."

The idea to use African Americans as laborers was generally accepted in Congress. Throughout their time as slaves, they had proven themselves capable of household chores. Head of the Militia Committee, Republican Senate Preston King, commented in debate, "Nobody would, probably, object to their cooking." After all, affluent Confederates were already taking advantage of their slaves by bringing  "body servants" that would prepare food, build trenches, construct shelters and clean clothes at campsites. Clarifying that only labor-intensive jobs for blacks were acceptable, Senator Garrett Davis of Kentucky shared with the rest of Congress on July 5: "I have heard no objection on the part of any Union man to the employment of Negroes to dig a canal."  Quite simply, he and others wanted to keep the war a "white man's quarrel," without integrating black soldiers.

Therefore, those of the 37th Congress in support of black combatants were proposing one of the most important developments of the war. If they were to convince their counterparts of the benefits to using black soldiers during the Second Session of 1862, blacks would be involved in combat and labor positions for the first time since 1792. Furthermore, they would be bestowing an opportunity for slaves everywhere to prove themselves worthy of respect and equality on the battlefield. For that reason, abolitionist Frederick Douglass strongly urged the President and Congress in 1861 to "[l]et the slaves and free colored people be called into service and formed into a liberating army, to march into the South and raise the banner of Emancipation." Although lasting only seven days, July 9 to 16, the debate concerning the proposition of black soldier participation and its result brought blacks so much closer to earning their freedom.

Given the opportunity to alter the status of many African Americans, a few members of Congress feared that the next militia act would change the purpose of the war. Believing in Lincoln's insistence, exhibited in his 1862 letter to editor Horace Greeley of the New-York Tribune, that the "paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery," they did not wish to see the war evolve into something more than the restoration of the Union. Republican Representative John P. Hale of New Hampshire voiced on July 9 at a Congressional session, "This war ought to be carried on without any regard at all to the subject of slavery or slaves. It out to preserve a free government for free people." Frustrated with the Congressional focus on black soldiers, Democratic Senator Willard Saulsbury of Delaware thought similarly: "But no sooner are we engaged in civil war ... than an attempt is made on every occasion to change the character of the war, and to elevate the miserable nigger, not only to political rights, but to put him in the Army, and to put him in your Navy."

The racism that deemed blacks incapable of being skillful soldiers echoed in Congress. Although acknowledging blacks' competence with household chores, "[a] goodly number of Northerners agreed with Southerners that the black was a biologically inferior being and could not be trusted with important military responsibilities." Consequently, the whole race was loudly criticized as being lazy, ambivalent, and cowardly.

A generation of men had grown up disrespecting persons of African descent and in awe of slavery that devalued the abilities of blacks. Historian Allen C. Guelzo finds that because slavery encourages "submission, it encourages docility, and it encourages stupidity"- all characteristics that soldiers must not possess, several officers believed that former slaves would be poor soldiers, particularly in battle. For example, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Francis Adams of the Massachusetts's cavalry wrote to his brother in the summer of 1862, sharing his thoughts that "[a]t best [a black man] could perform fatigue duty" because "he has not the mental vigor and energy" to do more. And while he disbelieved in the black race's competence, others had good reason to doubt the white men's acceptance of integration.

Observing the racial discrimination and strong opposition among ranks of military officers, Congress began to fear that black involvement would only prolong the war. Democratic Senator of Missouri John B. Henderson asserted that because white soldiers do not "want to fight by side with the nigger.... The rebellion will never end if they are used. I do not believe they will help you any." Henderson voiced the opinion that black and white cooperation in the war was not possible. Seconding his fellow Senator, Republican James W. Grimes of Iowa, who wished to see blacks fighting, regretfully informed those at the Congressional debate, "I believe for that every good soldier you would get among them, you will lose a white man, who will be driven off by his prejudices." And even though Lincoln wished to see slaves free, he said the same thing in the late winter of 1862: "To arm the negroes, would turn 50,000 bayonets from the loyal Border States against us that were for us." Although he uses kinder words, Lincoln, too, implies that the racist attitudes have the power to rip the Union apart even more.

Meanwhile, the overwhelming argument from those in support of black involvement, unlike those who believed in black inadequacy was that the contribution of more soldiers was then extremely advantageous to the Army of the Potomac, regardless of their skin color. In the spring of 1862, the Potomac Army "had suffered a series of military defeats, which struck a sharp blow at Northern morale." The Union army was experiencing a decline in volunteers when it needed them most.

At the same time, the numbers of African American civilian refugees were not being used to the Union's best advantage. The majority was not employed even though the Union commanders knew from working with refugees on supply lines and personal service since 1861 how the potential burden of refugees and former slaves could be turned into an asset. With the numbers of former slaves escalating in contrast to the decreasing supply of white volunteers, a widespread belief of supporters was that "the only available men that [the Potomac] could bring into the Union ranks were the slaves."

Despite their unfavorable role in American history, blacks had already proven to be capable. Besides their role in the American Revolution and the War of 1812, Senator King reminded Congress of their participation in the Union Navy since the beginning of the Civil War: "They are engaged in the Navy, and have always been, to some extent". Unlike the Union Army, the Navy had always accepted blacks in the enlisted ranks; by the summer of 1862, a fifth of the Navy's workers were colored. Affluent Confederates, too, were taking advantage of the black race. Reflecting, Senator John Sherman lectured, "Senators seem to think they are not fit for soldiers. In the South rebels fight side by side with them. In the South the Negroes do the labors of the camp. They do all the hard work. Why shall we not avail ourselves of their serviced to perform the same class of duties for us?"

With a purpose to take away from the Confederacy and also to help the Union, making a black from enemy lines a soldier seemed like a logical move. The Harper's Weekly journal issued in the North, published a story titled "Negro Troops" on June 20 that illustrated how supporters saw endless possibilities with the use of black soldiers: "Indeed there is no limit to the supply of troops which may be drawn from this source." Furthermore, Professor of History at University of North Carolina Dr. John David Smith contends, "as the war dragged on, Lincoln and most white Northerners slowly came to the same conclusion" that "Americans of African descent would become an invaluable resource."

Notably worried at the prospect of more Union losses, members of Congress became convinced that African American soldier recruitment was necessary. Democratic Senator Henry Mower Rice of Minnesota said on July 9 he was willing "to vote for any measure to end [Union losses]." Warning that the bill and black involvement were war necessities, Sherman agreed, "The time has arrived that when, in my judgment, the military authorities should be compelled to use all the physical force of this country." The greatest authority on the matter, due to his position of chairman on Congress' Militia Committee, Senator Robert Wilson, shared his valued opinion on July 9: "This bill contemplates calling out the militia in case we fail to obtain the number of men required by the present system of volunteering ... I believe the bill, therefore, to be necessary." When Senator Collamer asked him once more a day later, on July 10, Wilson reiterated his position: "It is necessary."  And with that said, black soldier participation was established and the debate progressed to discuss pay rate, clothing, and freedom.

In the end, the need for combat labor was Congress' ultimate prompt for the legislation. Civil War historian James M. McPherson confirms in one of his books, Battle Cry of Freedom, "Helping blacks to earn citizenship was not the main motive for the push of their enrollment in the upcoming bill." Instead, the fear of losing the Civil War convinced Congress and Union citizens to take advantage of the willing service.

Debate
After constant debate from July 5 to July 16, 1862, Congress' bill reflected the desires of black soldier supporters. By the 9th, Republican Grimes proposed the militia act to read: "[t]he President of the United States shall have full power and authority to organize [any male of any race] into battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions." Such a statement in the passage would clearly determine the role of blacks in the war as soldiers. Responding with great support from Sherman and Saulsbury, King offered the following corrections: The president can receive into service, "for the purpose of constructing entrenchments, or performing camp service, or any other labor, or any war service for which they may be found competent, persons of African descent." Accepted, thed amendment to the act did not specify the roles of African Americans, but at the same time, it did not limit blacks to menial labors or restrict them to stay off the battlefield.

Unequal pay
Pay for African American recruits was an insignificant issue in Congress and appeared as an issue of discussion only three times during the course of July 9 to July 14. Therefore, Whiting believes that Congress did not invest heavily into the last passage of the act. Sherman led the effort to determine pay of black recruits because he thought the "compensation ought not to be left to the quartermasters" because if "it be left open, it will be left in a great measure to quartermasters, and there will be different rules in regard to pay, and difficulties may occur." King, too, suggested that the defined pay be inserted into the bill. After hearing Sherman's agreement, "[t]he amendment to the amendment was agreed to."

Determining the pay was a different issue. Although by July 14, the bill stated: persons of "African descent, who shall be employed, who are to receive ten dollars per month and one ration", King was proposing to reduce the set rate even more.  King's suggestion was to rid the passage "And [African Americans] shall be fed, clothed and paid such compensation" and instead include that "three dollars of which monthly pay may be in clothing." Therefore, three dollars would be deducted from their monthly salary and the black's salary was reduced to $7, in comparison to the significantly raised $13 that white soldiers received.

Justification for the unequal pay has been that Congress intended African Americans to  be employed only as laborers, and not soldiers. When asked, Professor Harry Bradshaw Matthews of Hartwick College is certain that the Militia Act was made under the impression blacks would be used only as laborers. James Oakes, author of The Radical and the Republican, alongside Professor John David Smith of University of North Carolina, is in agreement with Matthews. Outlining their major argument, Smith argues, "framers have assumed- erroneously – that African Americans who joined the army would serve not as soldiers but as laborers." Historian Eric Foner makes the same claim on page 214 of The Fiery Trial.

Indeed, the 37th Congress had focused on African American employment only as laborers during the start of their Second Session. Then, "there were some people who wanted black soldiers only to serve in a supporting role" who, like Democratic Senator Davis, were able to voice their opinion. In fact, those who have not read the congressional records documented in the Congressional Globe can argue that the act appears to be a compromise that supported only the use of African American laborers, with the established pay of $7, respectively consistent with the reduced salary of support troops receiving less than combat troops.

However, the framers of the act did not assume that blacks would help out only as laborers. Research into the Congressional Globe proves that argument to be completely true. After combing through the political document, Solicitor Whiting confirmed: "A review of the remarks made by the members of the Senate and House, including those of the persons who introduced and proposed these acts above cited, will show how earnest was the contest which resulted in introducing colored soldiers into our military service." Therefore, Ira Berlin, at the University of Maryland, correctly contends that Congress was ready to see African Americans fighting as soldiers.

When finally polished and issued on July 17, the Militia Act of 1862 established the legality of black soldiers. Fulfilling its purpose to override the Militia Act of 1792, it was "[a]n Act to amend the Act calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and rebel invasions, approved February 28, 1792", and a "Proposed Reorganization of State Troops." Under Section 12, the President could now "receive [blacks] into the service of the United States, for the purpose of constructing trenches, or performing camp service or any other labor, or any military or naval service for which they may be found competent," including soldier duty.

Furthermore, any African American employed for warfare would receive freedom for himself and his family. Section 13 outlined that by stating "any man or boy of African descent" who "shall render such service as is provided for in this act, he, his mother and his wife and children, shall forever thereafter be free."

Second Confiscation Act and emancipation

Alongside the Militia Act, the Confiscation Act of 1862 issued on July 17 declared all slaves belonging to a rebel were free. Given the power to confiscate slaves, Congress proclaimed: "That every person who shall hereafter commit the crime of treason against the United States, and shall be adjudged guilty thereof, shall suffer death, and all his slaves, if any, shall be declared and made free." Following the Confiscation Act of 1861, The Second Confiscation Act stripped any persons in rebellion of any claim to their slaves and made the former slaves free. In different ways the two acts employed black manpower.

Introducing the use of contracted black workers into the Civil War, the Militia Act of 1862 marked the war's transformation to preserve the Union into a reconstruction to create new order. Indeed, "the participation of the black soldier was perhaps the most revolutionary feature of the Civil War." For the first time during the Civil War Union members were openly admitting the value of African American support in Congress. Congress had finally settled the question "whether the United States shall employ the labor of a race of men whose interests, whose sympathies, whose whole hearts are with the loyal people of the United States in suppressing this rebellion."

By its issue date, the general public of the Union accepted act's necessity. McPherson's studies show that as the "[n]orthern public opinion was being gradually converted by the pressures of events," members of Congress came to more clearly support the move to use black soldiers. Professor of History at Yale David W. Blight, too, believes that "throughout the summer of 1862, events rapidly made northern public opinion more favorable to the use of black troops." Lincoln became ready to exercise the power bestowed in him to "employ as many persons of African descent as he may deem necessary." "I have no hesitation," he declared in his message to Congress, "and I am ready to say now, I think it is proper for our military commanders to employ as laborers as many persons of African descent as can be used to advantage."

Yet despite their new welcome into the Potomac Army, blacks were left to grapple with the still-present discrimination throughout the nation. With the establishment of unequal pay in the Militia Act, a contradiction formed between the opportunity for African-Americans to earn equal rights and the degrading offer of lessened pay. Therefore, the act's appearance has deceived many historians and has left the document not well understood.

The Militia Act of 1862 draws attention to the legalities involved in wartime politics. Perhaps Professor Herman Belz's work, Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era, clarifies the "historical perspective" best by focusing on "the additional exigencies of law, politics, and wartime circumstances." The Militia Act was a product of the legislative branch- created as a war necessity to allow the army black soldier recruits. Yet whether Congress was right to assume that the North could not have won the war as soon as it did- or at all- without black assistance is still up for discussion.

Open Chaplaincy
Section 8 eliminated the requirement that chaplains be Christian by changing "of some Christian denomination" to "of some religious denomination." That was especially helpful to Jews and resulted in the appointment of the Rev. Jacob Frankel of Congregation Rodeph Shalom (Philadelphia) as the first Jewish chaplain on 18 September 1862.

Provisions
CHAP. CCI.–An Act to amend the Act calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections, and repel Invasions, approved February twenty-eight, seventeen hundred and ninety-five, and the Acts amendatory thereof, and for other Purposes.
....

SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he is hereby, authorized to receive into the service of the United States, for the purpose of constructing intrenchments, or performing camp service or any other labor, or any military or naval service for which they may be found competent, persons of African descent, and such persons shall be enrolled and organized under such regulations, not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws, as the President may prescribe.

SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That when any man or boy of African descent, who by the laws of any State shall owe service or labor to any person who, during the present rebellion, has levied war or has borne arms against the United States, or adhered to their enemies by giving them aid and comfort, shall render any such service as is provided for in this act, he, his mother and his wife and children, shall forever thereafter be free, any law, usage, or custom whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding: Provided, That the mother, wife and children of such man or boy of African descent shall not be made free by the operation of this act except where such mother, wife or children owe service or labor to some person who, during the present rebellion, has borne arms against the United States or adhered to their enemies by giving them aid and comfort.

SEC. 14. And be it further enacted, That the expenses incurred to carry this act into effect shall be paid out of the general appropriation for the army and volunteers.

SEC. 15. And be it further enacted, That all persons who have been or shall be hereafter enrolled in the service of the United States under this act shall receive the pay and rations now allowed by law to soldiers, according to their respective grades: Provided, That persons of African descent, who under this law shall be employed, shall receive ten dollars per month and one ration, three dollars of which monthly pay may be in clothing.

APPROVED, July 17, 1862

See also
Militia Act of 1792
Militia Act of 1795
Militia Act of 1903
Racial discrimination against African-Americans in the U.S. Military

Notes

References
Belz, Herman. Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism, and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era. New York: Fordham UP, 1998. Print.
Berlin, Ira, Joseph P. Reidy, and Leslie S. Rowland. Freedom's Soldiers: the Black Military Experience in the Civil War. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge UP, 1998. Print.
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass' Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1989. Print.
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Debates, 1774-1875. 1875. Congressional Globe. Web. Bradshaw, Matthew. Interview by Sylvia Precht-Rodriguez, Sadie Godlis, and Emily Imbert. Print.
Foner, Eric. Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2008. GoogleBooks. Web. 17 Oct. 2010.
Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.
Grant, Susan-Mary, and Brian Holden. Reid. The American Civil War: Explorations and Reconsiderations. Harlow, England: Longman, 2000. Print.
Hamilton, Daniel. "Major Acts of Congress: Militia Act (1862)" 12 Dec. 2010
Hargrove, Hondon B. Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1988. Print.

Moore, Joseph W. The American Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. Print.
Oakes, James. The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics. New York: W.W. Norton &, 2007. Print.
Robertson, James I. Soldiers Blue and Gray. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, 1988. Print.
Smith, John David. Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2002. Print.
Tomblin, Barbara. Bluejackets and Contrabands. University Press of South Carolina, 2009. Print.
Whiting, William. War Powers under the Constitution of the United States : William Whiting: Notes from the Editors. Delran, NJ: Legal Classics Library, 1997. Print.
Whiting, William. Laws for Raising and Organizing Military Force (1862). Print.
Yacovone, Donald. A Voice of Thunder: a Black Soldier's Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1998. Print.

External links
Congressional Debates
Militia Act Document
Harpers Weekly Newspapers

1862 in American law
1862 in the United States
37th United States Congress
African Americans in the American Civil War
United States federal defense and national security legislation
Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
Slave soldiers
Fugitive American slaves

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https://baltimoreheritage.org/
Baltimore & Boston: Frame Suburbs and Rowhomes (Virtual Talk)
Virtual MD
The center of Boston, with skyscrapers and row houses, looks like Baltimore. But 99% of Boston's neighborhoods look really different. To find out why, Charlie Duff, former BAF President and author of The North Atlantic Cities, shows how the building cultures of the two cities came to be what they are – and how two "Men with a Mission" succeeded, and failed, to change the way the people of their cultures built houses.
Being Literate, Being Free (Virtual Talk)
Through her Virtual Histories webinar Being Literate, Being Free, Dr. Joanne Martin will highlight historical personalities for whom literacy was the key to a future of freedom and hope for a people who were coming to understand that "If you would keep a people enslaved, refuse to teach them to read".

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Are we able to transform negative experiences into a positive outcome?
Sure we are, we only need to know how!. Let's ask Joy Nelson who has a rich experience in transforming herself and in helping others to transform their lives into something positive.
Beyond her role as mother to 7 spirited children and wife to her soul mate, Joy Nelson is a Social Media Marketer, Relationship Coach, published author, world renowned Blogger & the founder of Limitless With Joy. Her life's mission is to empower others to stop doing and start living without limits.
Are you healthy? Do you lead a healthy life? What the heck does it mean?
Many of us are struggling with the difficulty to lead what we believe (or what others make us believe) a HEALTHY life. Is it about drinking a smoothy in the morning? Or about not smoking? What else?
In this episode of CONNECTIONS we want to explore health from a much broader perspective and include as many aspects as possible which then can lead to a more -holistic- understanding of life and what health means. Our guest Helen Vella is an expert in the field and we are very happy to have that conversation with her.
Helen was born in Scotland to poor, working class parents. She is the eldest of six children and her childhood was far from happy. Her mother's physical and emotional abuse did nothing for her self-esteem or self-worth.
From an early age, she was determined to break out of the poor neighborhood and lifestyle and make something of herself.
She moved to Australia in her teens and started her own business which she sold 5 years later for a very nice profit. Helen learned how to love herself and start building on her self-esteem with the help of an amazing mentor and very good friends.
Throughout her life she has strived to be better and better every day and continues to learn and grow each day. When she became a mother, she made sure that she did not treat her daughter the same way she was treated growing up. Being a grandmother is one of her favorite things in life.
EFT, Law of Attraction, NLP and a host of other amazing tools are now part of her everyday life. When she discovered how all of these tools helped her manifest a great career, vacations, and happiness, she wanted to share this with everyone.
When she moved to the United States in 2005, she started to write her first book From Negative to Positive which is part memoir, part self-help guide explaining how she managed to get out of poverty and into abundance.
Helen suffered a major back injury and lost everything she made. This has not stopped her. She went from not being able to walk for almost nine months to writing several books, running workshops, working with clients and using all the tools she teaches to manifest her abundance again.
Using all her holistic tools to gain full health again, Helen speaks and teaches how others can do the same. Through personal sessions, phone, skype, email, group sessions and seminars. Also through all of her self-help books which are all available on Amazon.com.
Interview with Cherryl Chow, professional writer, about what a writer does for business.
She is currently working on her first debut novel, a Young Adult sci-fi, as well as launching her blog on excellence in writing through optimizing your brain, http://www.PeakPerformanceWriting.com.
Passionate about health and fitness, Cherryl is training to become a health and lifestyle coach to help people upgrade their performance in creative fields such as writing.
Cherryl was born and raised in Tokyo, Japan, and is fluent in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese. She has lived in Taipei, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Portland, Oregon, Chicago, and Boulder, Colorado. She now lives in the Silicon Valley in California with her husband and two cats.
Each human being has a unique perception of reality, that colors everything about their view of the world around them. The brain is constantly active, connecting events, memories, and associations, past and present, with patterns that suggest the possibility of similar future events. When we latch onto any random thought and focus on it, the brain then creates its own perception of the meaning of these thoughts, with the physical body responding "as if" the imaginings are real. The problem with this is that we begin to think that our thoughts and feelings are coming from events outside of us, and not from our own thoughts at that moment. Besides creating significant personal emotional suffering and stress, this habitual and toxic process, also creates both physical and mental illness. The realization that human intelligence is only a tool for functioning in the physical world, can allow each of us to fall out of habitual, toxic thinking and tap into our innate wisdom; the formless self behind the physical form that has access to universal thought and insight. That realization changes everything and connects us to who we really are!
Elizabeth Lykins is a transformational coach, strategist, consultant, and US trained medical provider. With more than 20 years of experience working in medicine in a variety of disciplines, Elizabeth uniquely blends her medical skills and training with her knowledge of how the human mind works, to maximize results with her clients. She is passionate about helping individual and business clients to better understand the three universal principles of Mind, Consciousness, and Thought. This understanding leads the client within, where they will discover their own innate wisdom. Elizabeth's specialty areas include stress management, relationship improvement, improving quality of sleep, nutrition, and weight optimization. She also consults with healthcare providers desiring to add nutrition and weight management services to their practices. She currently resides in Santa Cruz, California.
Inspiration helps! In this video you learn several ways to pick up your mood. We are on blab this time.


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2019 – Another Record Breaker?
28th November 2018 /in News /by Nik Wood
2019 is already shaping up to be a Happy New Year for Good Call Media.
In 2018 our company broke all its previous growth records for the 10 years we have been operating and, without tempting fate of course, the next 12 months is already promising further success with a strong pipeline of work from our existing customers and a string of assignments from new clients.
We have just produced a fast turn around video trailer for the World Veterinary Association (WVA) 2019 Global Animal Welfare Awards which we will be hosting together with our major patron client, Ceva Santé Animale, the worldwide veterinary health giant that is now a €1 billion company operating in over 40 countries of the world. Good Call Media's Co-owner, Nik Wood, hosted the highly successful 2017 and 2018 awards in Incheon, South Korea and Barcelona, Spain, respectively and will also be on stage to host the 2019 awards in Costa Rica at the WVA's annual congress.
The project will also involves us filming in five different continents in early 2019, as we gather video assets from each of the winners of the Awards to be shown at the event.
In the UK, our new relationship with the Hall Hunter Partnership will see no less than 15 videos appearing in 2019 as we help the company deal with recruitment following whatever Brexit agreement is eventually signed, if one is signed, of course! The videos have been recorded in various different languages including Polish, Bulgarian, Romanian and English and will be used throughout central Europe and the UK to show what working with he Hall Hunter Partnership is like.
We have so enjoyed working with Variety the Children's Charity in Yorkshire in recent years and their use of video has become increasingly innovative, ranging from appeal videos, highlighting the amazing work they carry out with young people and their parents in the region, to light hearted videos to be shown at various awards ceremonies together with winners videos highlighting amazing work in the Yorkshire property and general business sectors.
We are therefore delighted to have started a new relationship with Variety in London where we partnered with the team on the recent Variety Catherine Awards. We have worked on various appeal videos with the London office but this was the first major event that we have covered and involved uploading winners videos and a general roundup video virtually as the Awards ended at the Marriott Hotel in Central London.
We will also be flying across 'The Pond' to New York to work alongside another major partner client, Volition RX, who are doing amazing work to pioneer the development of an accurate, cost effective technique of detecting and predicting a range of cancers using small samples of blood. We already work with Volition in the UK and from their impressive facility in Namur, Belgium, where they are analysing the results of trials held in various areas of the world.
We have worked with the quoted company, XP Power for several years, highlighting their excellent financial performance at interim and full results times during the financial year. That work has also expanded to the production of a series of videos aimed at recruitment in the UK and also the markets of the US and Asia where they manufacture and sell their products. We look forward to working on new assignments with them in 2019 as well as continuing to feature their financial results which are reported through their investors' website and on further internal and external video reports for the XP group of companies.
Finally our media training capability is being used by more and more companies as they face up to the fact that 80% of all internet traffic will be video based by 2019. Food for thought for many people as we enter into an interesting New Year.
An early but very Happy New Year to you all.
New video highlights Dogs for Good work
Our major client, Ceva has continued its work in the area of human, animal interaction by sponsoring a series of high profile events staged by the UK-based organisation, Dogs for Good.
The 'Power of Dogs' events were held at various UK locations and included a series of inspirational speakers giving different insights into the behaviour of dogs and all that they bring to us as humans. Good Call Media were there to film one of the events.
The talks were chaired by Peter Gorbing, the Chief Executive of Dogs for Good, a board member of Assistance Dogs International (ADI) and founder director of Animal Assisted Intervention International (AAII), the international umbrella organisation for practitioners in the field of AAI.
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Dogs for Good is one of the UK's leading practitioners of both assistance dog training and AAI through its Community Dog programme, training therapy dogs to work with dedicated handlers and healthcare professionals in a range of community settings.
Speaking at the 'Power of Dogs' event at the Royal College of Physicians in London, Martin Mitchell, Ceva's Director of Group Communications, said :"We have been working with Dogs for Good for over a year now and the work they do is absolutely incredible."
Part of Ceva's sponsorship agreement with Dogs for Good is also being used to pull together all of the information that the charity has about dogs and their wellbeing.
"We have lots of information we share with our clients across all of our services, but the information was not collated in a any formal way or in very useable formats said CEO Peter Gorbing.
"We have now produced over 100 really useful bits of information all about dogs, dog care, building a bond with your dog and other information that will create a fantastic library. This will be really good for Dogs for Good clients in the short term, but longer term we are in discussion with Ceva about how we might bring that to the wider public as this will probably be the best library material about dogs that we have ever seen."
Variety Catherine Awards – Winners
23rd November 2018 /in News /by Nik Wood
We are delighted to list the winners of this year's Variety Catherine Awards who were honoured at an amazing ceremony in central London.
Good Call Media was there and filmed each of the winners as they came off stage. The videos were then uploaded to You Tube and shared with the audience, sponsors and, of course, the winners themselves, the morning after the event, leading to a much bigger engagement with Variety the Children's Charity and the fantastic work they carry out to help young people and their parents who often face huge challenges in life.
To see each of the winners' videos simply click on their name in the list below
Name: Temi Mwale
Organisation: The 4Front Project
Entrepreneurial Spirit Award
Name: Lara Bywater
Organisation: LDC Care Company
Finance and Banking Award
Name: Anne Boden MBE
Organisation: Starling Bank
Professional Services Award
Name: Tracey Groves
Organisation: Intelligent Ethics
Science and Technology Award
Name: Kate Burns
Organisation: Hambro Perks
Retail and Fashion Award
Name: Charlotte Tilbury
Organisation: Charlotte Tilbury
Inspirational Award
Name: Camilla Marcus-Dew
Organisation: The Soap Co.
Creative Industries Award
Name: Chi-chi Nwanoku OBE
Organisation: Chineke! Foundation
Women's Empowerment in the Workplace Award
Organisation: Beyond
Organisation: The Typeface Group
Sports Industries Award
Name: Julia Immonen
Organisation: Justice and Care
Variety Catherine Awards – Oh What A Night!
22nd November 2018 /in News /by Nik Wood
The Variety Catherine Awards were a fantastic success.
Good Call Media recorded videos with all the winners immediately after they received their 'gongs' on stage after setting up a social mini-studio next to the ballroom at the Marriott Hotel in Grosvenor Square, the venue for the glittering event.
Leading women in business and philanthropy were celebrated and recognised as winners of the Variety Catherine Awards including; former MI5 boss Baroness Eliza Manningham-Buller; beauty entrepreneur Charlotte Tilbury MBE; Chief Executive of Starling Bank, Anne Boden MBE; and Temi Mwale of The 4Front Project.
Here is our roundup highlighting the main aspects of the night
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Keep a lookout for our next post which will highlight the winners interviews and also the work that they carry out that helped to attract the attention of the Variety judges.
Jon Culshaw on Eammon Holmes
We had a good laugh while filming the results of this year's Variety Catherine Awards at a glittering event in central London
We were interviewing one of our heroes, the superb mimic and comedian, Jon Culshaw of 'Dead Ringers' fame to name just one programme he's involved with, when we had a bit of a laugh over a fellow 'celeb', presenter, Eamonn Holmes, who was running a few minutes late and this happened!
kortingscodericomoda
We went on to have a fantastic evening at the Awards and you will be able to see links to all the winner videos coming through this week – all the videos were posted immediately after the Event but we're just too busy to post them here right now!
Our Video Trailers For Events – Growing In Popularity
Our video trailers are proving to be a big hit with our clients.
The dynamic short videos are being used on social media channels to publicise forthcoming events such as awards ceremonies and they are a perfect way to generate more interest in projects.
Our latest video on YouTube is for the 2019 Global Animal Welfare Awards being staged by the World Veterinary Association supported by our major client, Ceva. The video features previous winners from the 2017 awards when Good Call Media filmed in four different continents to feature the winners of the Awards. Our own, Nik Wood, also hosted the Awards in Barcelona, Spain and will host the 2019 Awards in Costa Rica.
Going Here
We have also produced video trailers for one of our other clients, Variety the Children's Charity including the forthcoming Yorkshire Business Awards that will be held in early December and raise valuable funds for the charity's amazing work in Yorkshire.
If you want to discuss making a trailer or covering your event, give us a call or pop us an email – full contact details are on this website.
Budapest Assignment
Our latest project has taken us to the beautiful city of Budapest, Hungary, where we have carried out an assignment for one of our biggest clients.
The location was Ceva Phylaxia, a major campus for Ceva Sante Animale and the programme involved a series of interviews with people taking part in the 'We Share' programme which has been rolled out in many of Ceva's worldwide networks.
Ceva Phylaxia's new facility in Budapest, Hungary
Over 4000 Ceva personnel took part in the company's biggest global engagement and satisfaction survey in
2017 and this has been followed up in 80% of Ceva's offices by workshops under the 'We Share' banner to determine actions and activities that will take place as a result.
The official opening of the new facility
Good Call Media's team, together with Ceva's Group Communications Director, Martin Mitchell, travelled to the HQ of Ceva Phylaxia in Budapest to film a series of interviews with people who have taken part in the 'We Share' workshops and also to record case study accounts of people who have been developed within Ceva.
The interviews will be used to further improve the employee engagement programme and will be repeated in other offices as and when we visit.
The origins of Ceva Phylaxia go back as far as 1912, when János Köves established Phylaxia Vaccine Production Co. His aim was to develop and produce a serum to protect the numerous swine population of the region against a severe outbreak of swine fever. This was the beginning of a tradition of prominent research, bringing solutions to livestock producers to help them in their fight against major diseases.
Famous Hungarian scientists such as József Marek, Aladár Aujeszky, Domokos Derzsy and Adorján Bartha, names that are familiar to veterinarians worldwide, have been closely associated with the development of the company.
Ever since, the company's work has been closely and intimately tied up with biological research and development.
Prague Project For Hi-Tech Giant
We worked on a series of ground-breaking videos for the multi-national company JEOL in 2017 and we have now been appointed for a further filming programme in 2018.
Prague is the location for the start of our latest JEOL project
JEOL's NMR capability is expanding in Europe
The project will begin in Prague, Czech Republic, in mid-November, with the installation of one of JEOL's latest NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) facilities. Details of the project are being kept quiet currently but we will be there to film the launch in Prague and all will be revealed soon after the event.
Our 2017 project involved a series of films depicting JEOL's push in their NMR arena in Europe but also
filming at the company's HQ in Japan and at various subsidiary facilities in different parts of the country.
JEOL's new JNM-ECZ High field NMR series is booming. Recent installations of 400 MHz, 500 MHz and 600 MHz for liquid experiments, but also for solids is proving the excellent performance of these systems. With old magnets and new probes making it possible to do 3 channel experiments on a two channel spectrometer JEOL is showing the way to modern NMR systems at lower cost of ownership.
Improvement of JEOL's application centre in UK together with the any installations, the company can now demonstrate the wide range of system configurations.
Latest Video Reports For New York Stock Exchange Quoted VolitionRX
9th November 2018 /in News /by Nik Wood
We have produced a series of new video reports for our client Volition, as they continue their journey towards developing simple, easy-to-use, cost-effective blood tests designed to help diagnose a range of cancers.
Professor Chiu
The company has just released its 3rd quarter results for 2018 and the video we recorded has been broadcast through various channels including the independent Edison Investment Research – click here to see the report.
We have also interviewed Professor Hn-Mo Chiu, Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University who has been working with Volition. The interview took place during Professor Chiu's recent visit to the Volition facility in Namur, Belgium.
You can see the interview by clicking here
Volition is a multinational life sciences company. Its tests are based on the technology platform of Nucleosomics, which is the practice of identifying and measuring nucleosomes in the bloodstream or other bodily fluid – an indication that disease is present.
As cancer-screening programmes become more widespread, Volition's products aim to help diagnose a range of cancers quickly, simply, accurately and cost effectively. Early diagnosis has the potential to not only prolong the life of patients, but also to improve their quality of life.
Volition intends to expand the application of its technology beyond cancer by exploring other disease applications. The company's research and development activities are currently centered in Belgium, with additional offices in London, Texas and Singapore, as it focuses on bringing its diagnostic products to market first in Europe, then in the US and, ultimately, worldwide.
CEO Cameron Reynolds interviewed
The Volition team outside the company's state of the art facility in Namur, Belgium
Highlighting the company's latest results, Cameron Reynolds, President and Chief Executive Officer of Volition, said, "We have had numerous highlights this quarter, with good progress being made on many fronts demonstrating the diverse nature of our platform technology. From a financial perspective I am delighted that we have strengthened the balance sheet in three ways: most importantly with completion of a private placement (PIPE) of shares of common stock and a warrant with an existing accredited investor resulting in gross proceeds of $9 million (excluding any proceeds from the exercise of the warrant); securing an additional $700,000 in non-dilutive funding from the Walloon Regional Government; and most recently, the exercise of outstanding warrants that provided approximately $717,000 in additional funds to the Company."
Mr. Reynolds commented, "The first Research Use Only kit was launched in August and we expect to add to the range of kits by the end of 2018. I am delighted to announce that these kits have been sold to several research groups and companies already, affording Volition its first potential revenue from the Nu.QTM platform. Our research and development team in Belgium are hard at work on the significant task of turning our assays into robust products that can be used worldwide. This development work will be key to our future success and is now very much bearing fruit. We are also fortunate to be working with institutions and individuals who have world-renowned reputations. We were delighted to welcome Professor Han-Mo Chiu of National Taiwan University, Principal Investigator of our Pan-Asian colorectal cancer studies, to our facility in Belgium this quarter."
Third Quarter 2018 and Recent Company Highlights
Released encouraging preliminary data from a prospective, multi-centered Proof of Concept Study into the utility of Volition's Nu.Q™ assays to diagnose men with high-grade prostate cancers. At 88% specificity, the Volition assays (including PSA) identified 94% of high-grade prostate cancers that require treatment.
Signed agreements to conduct two large-scale colorectal cancer research studies across the Asia Pacific region in collaboration with the National Taiwan University.
– The first study will comprise 5,000 asymptomatic colorectal cancer screening subjects, and the second trial will include up to 2,000 symptomatic colorectal cancer patients.
– These studies are being conducted to test and validate Volition's proprietary Nu.Q™ platform for the detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer for marketing, rather than for regulatory purposes.
– The studies will cost approximately $2.55 million payable over three years and should assist product development in Asia in 2019.
Launched and achieved sales of the Nu.Q™ Total assay kit, the first of our range of Research Use Only kits through our exclusive global distributor, Active Motif. We expect to add further products for Research Use Only during the balance of 2018, building through next year and beyond.
Commenced work on the Bonn27 study: this 4,500-patient cohort has been collected by the University of Bonn, Germany, and includes patients with 27 of the most prevalent cancers.
Started proof of concept work in one of our non-cancer disease areas, namely: endometriosis. This study is in collaboration with the University of Oxford, which has completed a collection of 350 patient samples over the last three years.
Expanded our Nu.QTM trials into veterinary diagnostics following very encouraging preliminary results from initial proof of concept studies in dogs and more recently horses. We announced a pilot study collaboration with Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences as a first step toward developing a product commercialization strategy.
Filming the Catherine Awards
We are absolutely delighted to announce that we will be applying our fast turnaround video concept to the prestigious Variety Catherine Awards.
Following our hugely successful work on the night of the Variety 2018 Yorkshire Residential Property Awards, we are going to be working alongside the charity's social media and communications team on the night of the Catherine Awards at the Marriott Hotel, Grosvenor Place, London on 13 November 2018.
We will be interviewing each winner as they leave the stage and then posting onto social media to help achieve maximum exposure for the winners, sponsors and, of course Variety.
Founded in 2016 by Variety, the Children's Charity and 2016 Chief Barker Pamela Sinclair, Variety Catherine
Awards is setting a new standard for recognising the myriad contributions from women in business and philanthropy while raising awareness and funds for disabled and disadvantaged children throughout the UK.
A Committee of dedicated volunteers from several business sectors have come together to help lead this increasingly dynamic project. Thanks to their enthusiasm and commitment the Variety Catherine Awards is fast becoming an important date in the diaries of many women in business across the country.
Here's a list of this year's categories:
Awards for Individuals
Rising Star Award: This award is open to women who are making a difference in their chosen field and are the 'women to watch' for the future. The winner could come from any area of business and can be an owner or manager in a company. We are looking for the next generation of inspirational professionals.
Entrepreneurial Spirit Award: This award recognises women who have 'done it their way' by founding and running their own company and have worked to achieve significant results in their chosen field.
Finance and Banking Award: This is a category for women who have shown outstanding success in the finance and banking sector. The judges will be looking for evidence of the highest level skills and achievements in their field, anywhere from personal, business or public finance and banking.
Professional Services Award: This award will go to a woman who excels in professional services sector. You could be an accountant, lawyer or chartered surveyor, or other areas of professional services. Whatever your profession, judges will be looking at evidence on how you have overcome the challenges of your job and how your achievements are contributing to the success and growth of your company. You could be a sole practitioner or working for an international company.
Creative Industries Award: This award reflects and acknowledges Variety's historic links with show business while also acknowledging the evolution of entertainment, the arts and design into a cross disciplinary industry. The Catherine Awards wants to recognise the success of women across entertainment whether in film, TV, theatre, design, arts, photography, architecture, advertising and marketing, music, video gaming, or publishing. This award will celebrate innovation and seek out women who have made significant impact either for their clients or on any part of the Creative Industries in general.
Science and Technology Award: We are looking for a woman who has succeeded in the world of science, engineering and technology. You could be on the first rung of the ladder or leading a team. Show us how you have grown and inspired others.
Retail and Fashion Award: The judges will be looking for an inspirational woman anywhere from the high street to couture fashion business or retail sector in general. A winner could be running a business or a team, in traditional or on-line retail.
Inspirational Award: This category is for a woman who has acted as a role model in their chosen profession both inside and outside their organisation. The entry needs to demonstrate business, social and philanthropic success which could be coming from any type of business; non-profit or public sector. The award will go to a well-rounded individual who can demonstrate that there is a life after work.
Sports Industries Award: We are looking for a woman who has succeeded or inspired those in the sporting field be it journalist, athlete, coach or manager. This award will go to a woman who excels and delivered success.
Award for Organisations
Women's Empowerment in the Workplace Award: We are looking for an organisation that has shown an outstanding contribution to harnessing women's potential in the workforce and taking a lead to highlight the business case for diversity.
Our Help With Innovative New Test
Fashion brand wanted innovative training
Volition's Amazing Year Continues – Financial Results
We are at the London Vet Show 2021
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ALL HERSHEY MONEY & FORMS DUE BEFORE MAY 1st !!!!!!
THANK YOU, CHOIR & PARENTS - GREAT JOB AT MERCY FESTIVAL!!!
ALL EAGLE HERSHEY MONEY & FORMS = DUE TO MRS. B. BEFORE MAY 1ST !!!!!!
Please practice during Easter Break.
CONGRATULATIONS on a FABULOUS PERFORMANCE at our annual K-3 PAGEANT!!
TERRIFIC JOB at the BAND/CHOIR CONCERT!!
CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL our BAND and CHOIR MEMBERS!


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text:
package com.amazonaws.services.robomaker.model;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.annotation.Generated;
import com.amazonaws.protocol.StructuredPojo;
import com.amazonaws.protocol.ProtocolMarshaller;

/**
 *

 * Information about a template location.
 *

 *
 * @see AWS API
 *      Documentation
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class TemplateLocation implements Serializable, Cloneable, StructuredPojo {

    /**
     *

     * The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     *

     */
    private String s3Bucket;
    /**
     *

     * The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     *

     */
    private String s3Key;

    /**
     *

     * The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     *

     *
     * @param s3Bucket
     *        The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     */

    public void setS3Bucket(String s3Bucket) {
        this.s3Bucket = s3Bucket;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     *

     *
     * @return The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     */

    public String getS3Bucket() {
        return this.s3Bucket;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     *

     *
     * @param s3Bucket
     *        The Amazon S3 bucket name.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public TemplateLocation withS3Bucket(String s3Bucket) {
        setS3Bucket(s3Bucket);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     *

     *
     * @param s3Key
     *        The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     */

    public void setS3Key(String s3Key) {
        this.s3Key = s3Key;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     *

     *
     * @return The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     */

    public String getS3Key() {
        return this.s3Key;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     *

     *
     * @param s3Key
     *        The list of S3 keys identifying the data source files.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public TemplateLocation withS3Key(String s3Key) {
        setS3Key(s3Key);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object. This is useful for testing and debugging. Sensitive data will be
     * redacted from this string using a placeholder value.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (getS3Bucket() != null)
            sb.append("S3Bucket: ").append(getS3Bucket()).append(",");
        if (getS3Key() != null)
            sb.append("S3Key: ").append(getS3Key());
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;

        if (obj instanceof TemplateLocation == false)
            return false;
        TemplateLocation other = (TemplateLocation) obj;
        if (other.getS3Bucket() == null ^ this.getS3Bucket() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getS3Bucket() != null && other.getS3Bucket().equals(this.getS3Bucket()) == false)
            return false;
        if (other.getS3Key() == null ^ this.getS3Key() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getS3Key() != null && other.getS3Key().equals(this.getS3Key()) == false)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int hashCode = 1;

        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getS3Bucket() == null) ? 0 : getS3Bucket().hashCode());
        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getS3Key() == null) ? 0 : getS3Key().hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public TemplateLocation clone() {
        try {
            return (TemplateLocation) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Got a CloneNotSupportedException from Object.clone() " + "even though we're Cloneable!", e);
        }
    }

    @com.amazonaws.annotation.SdkInternalApi
    @Override
    public void marshall(ProtocolMarshaller protocolMarshaller) {
        com.amazonaws.services.robomaker.model.transform.TemplateLocationMarshaller.getInstance().marshall(this, protocolMarshaller);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CES 2022: Educating Consumers About 5G Will Encourage Wider Adoption
Currently, consumers are not being provided the information they need to make the leap, a consultant said.
Justin Perkins
Sally Lange Witkowski, founder of business consulting firm Slang Consulting
LAS VEGAS, January 6, 2021 – Educating consumers about 5G is necessary to achieving wider adoption in its upcoming deployment in the United States.
At Wednesday's CES "Path to A Better 5G World" session, industry leaders discussed how 5G will change the digital landscape by offering new experiences for businesses and consumers.
Sally Lange Witkowski, founder of business consulting firm Slang Consulting, said that companies should educate consumers about the benefits of 5G.
"Some consumers don't even know 5G exists," she said. "They believe faster is better," but said that consumers don't know about 5G's wider applications. "Consumers should want to have [5G] because of how innovators and entrepreneurs will use the technology."
Slang's research shows that consumers are only willing to pay up to $5 more per month for 5G service. "It's not about the hype, it's about the usability," Witkowski added. She noted that people are living longer and older Americans are growing old without the necessary digital skills to thrive in our new ecosystem.
"A child born today has a one in two chance of living till 100," she said. Educating consumers about 5G's benefits can help the elderly prepare to participate in the revolution.
Witkowski also said closed hardware software ecosystems, sometimes referred to as "walled gardens," prevent consumers from discovering new experiences.
"The really large organizations have a hard time innovating. Big corporations are built to scale. The ability to reach out to entrepreneurs to access creative thinking is important," Witkowski added. "The pandemic changed a lot [for technology companies]. They are going to have to embrace something they don't normally embrace," like the fact that another company may be better positioned to create solutions.
Related Topics:5GConsumer Electronics ShowfeaturedSally Lange Witkowski
CES 2022: 5G, Aviation Crisis a Problem of Federal Coordination, Observers Say
FCC Commissioner Carr Details Steps Needed for 5G, Says Talk of 6G 'Almost Too Early'
Reporter Justin Perkins is graduate of Howard University School of Law, with a focus on telecommunications and technology. He has in-house experience at the Federal Communications Commission, Comcast and NBC. He brings curiosity and insight to broadband news.
CES 2022: GM Aims for First Delivery of Personal Autonomous Vehicle by Mid-Decade
Affordable Connectivity Program Launch, Airlines Want 5G Delay, Americans Adopt More Home Health Devices
D.C. Circuit Upholds Freed Up 6 GHz, Wireless Players Celebrate
The hope is coordination problems will be relieved when the Senate confirms NTIA head.
John Godfrey, senior vice president of public policy and acting head of U.S. public affairs at Samsung
LAS VEGAS, January 6, 2022 – The possible near collision of 5G signals and aircraft altimeters emerged out of a lack of coordination on the federal government's part to bring all relevant information to the Federal Communications Commission before it auctioned off the spectrum that has now been put on hold for safety precautions, observers said Thursday.
This week, Verizon and AT&T agreed to delay the rollout of their 5G services using the C-band spectrum surrounding airports after the Federal Aviation Administration raised the alarm for months about possible interference of the wireless signals with aircraft, which use their own radios to safely land planes.
But the issue could've been resolved back in 2020, when the FCC proposed to repurpose a portion of the band to allow for wireless use, some said on a panel discussing 5G Thursday in Las Vegas.
"After the FCC had adopted the rules, auctioned off the spectrum, raised over $80 billion and deployment began and then additional information that apparently had not been brought to the FCC before comes over…that's not good for the country," said John Godfrey, senior vice president of public policy and acting head of U.S. public affairs at Samsung, a sponsor of Broadband Breakfast.
"The time to have that information be disclosed and discussed and analyzed is when the FCC is conducting the rulemaking," Godfrey said, adding the Commerce Department's National Telecommunications and Information Administration should, as federal telecom rep, be spearheading coordination efforts between the FAA and the FCC on telecommunications matters.
"I think it's their job as the leaders of telecom policy in the administration to facilitate bringing the full federal government to the table in a timely manner," Godfrey added.
Asad Ramzanali, legislative director for Democratic California Congresswoman Anna Eshoo, said that the fallout of the aviation issue has shown that, "Looking backwards, I do think this is a failure. This is a failure in government to be able to coordinate at the right time…when there's a process, those impacted should be participating — that is the role of the NTIA."
NTIA head confirmation 'should be a priority'
And the hope is that such coordination issues can be averted in the future with the confirmation of a permanent head of the NTIA, said Ramzanali. President Joe Biden nominated Alan Davidson in October to be the next permanent head of the agency, which has had temporary figures fill in the role since the resignation in May 2019 of the last full-time head, David Redl.
"That should be a priority," Ramzanali said of pushing Davidson through. "The NTIA is doling out $42.5 billion of that $65 billion [from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]. The NTIA is supposed to deal with those types of issues. They have brilliant people there, but this is the kind of leadership that they should be in the middle of.
"And this isn't a recent NTIA thing," Ramzanali added. "This has lasted many years, especially in the prior administration where the NTIA wasn't doing this part of it — coordinating with other agencies.
"I'm hopeful with Alan Davidson presumably getting in soon that we won't see that kind of issue."
The commissioner also said he thinks Biden will support Big Tech contributions to the Universal Service Fund.
Commissioner Brendan Carr
WASHINGTON, December 9, 2021 – Federal Communications Commissioner Brendan Carr says that proper planning on increased spectrum release and infrastructure reform is necessary for the FCC to ensure a smooth rollout of 5G technology.
Carr specifically critiqued the current infrastructure reform approaches of President Joe Biden's administration, saying that the administration's current plan seems to be to make large sums of funding available without planning extensively for infrastructure modernization.
At Thursday's Media Institute event during which Carr spoke, the commissioner also said he thinks it is "almost too early" to start thinking about 6G rollout that newly re-confirmed Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel has said is on the table sooner rather than later. Carr emphasized that focusing on 6G too early could distract from planning necessary for 5G's success.
Regardless, Carr expressed that the U.S. is in a good shape to effectively harness 5G and compete with China's use of the technology, owing to an American 5G platform that he called the strongest in the world as well as to American innovation in the area.
In terms of what else is unresolved with regard to 5G, Carr says it is not yet clear what the flagship new application development will be with 5G. He believes this may become much clearer as very low power Wi-Fi technology begins to allow for creative uses of 5G.
Big Tech contribution to Universal Service Fund?
Also during Thursday's event, Carr said that he believes the Biden administration will support requiring big tech corporations to contribute to the Universal Service Fund, citing lead Democrat on the Senate Commerce Committee Sen. Ben Ray Luján's support for the proposal. Carr as well as key Republicans have also demonstrated support for this proposal in the past, which would provide monetary support for a fund that provides basic telecommunications services to remote and low-income communities.
Google, Reliant On Success of 5G, Says It Wants Government-Funded Test Beds for Open RAN
Company says that the next generation of its products depend on 5G progress.
Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai
WASHINGTON, October 20, 2021 — Google made its case for regulators to make room for greater public-private collaboration in the wake of 5G and more research into open radio access network technologies.
Speaking at the Federal Communications Bar Association's "What's New and Next in Wireless" session on Tuesday, Michael Purdy from Google's product and policy team emphasized Google's interest in the emerging 5G landscape, but wants a "collaborative environment" for innovation.
"5G is exciting because of Google's products depend on 5G," he said. "[Our] products can't come to market without it." Google's recent product launches include smart-home technologies. Purdy says their products' benefits are enhanced as 5G is deployed.
Google, like the technology sector at large, is building on the innovation that the "app economy" produced using existing 4G technology and plans to expand their software capabilities with 5G. "The app economy benefited consumers," Purdy says. "Our lifestyles are going to depend on 5G." For telehealth, "real time medical advice needs low latency [and] high speeds."
However, Google hopes for better regulatory conditions during 5G deployment. "We haven't been as focused on the FCC [for guidance] . . . we want stability to determine spectrum policy."
Purdy said the company hopes to work collaboratively with government to find solutions for wider 5G deployment. "[We] want to know what position the government takes in creating an open RAN environment."
The company said it wants government funded-test beds for open RAN, research into development to ensure that "the downside costs are defrayed." In overcoming these challenges to 5G deployment, Purdy said Google wants the government to foster a "collaborative environment" to develop open RAN. "We don't want government picking winners and losers in the innovation process" he said.
Purdy added that spectrum sharing between licensed and unlicensed users "can be good for consumers and for industry."
The Federal Communications Commission has pushed for ways to develop open RAN to minimize network security risk, as the movement has gained significant momentum. FCC Acting Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel has described open RAN as having "extraordinary potential for our economy and national security."