text:
Is Forex Trading Profitable? How Much Money Can I Make Forex Day Trading?
So far, there has been a lot happening in the world when it comes to business. Virtual investments are soaring up like fireworks and everyone is getting into the crypto and forex market every day. Chances are you're planning on also getting into this but you're wondering if the forex trading business is profitable or meant for you. Hell, you may be asking yourself the question; is forex trading profitable? In this article, we're going to discuss all you need to know to get right into the business and how profitable it can be. As a newbie, it can be pretty confusing so we'll get right into it this instant.
Is Forex Trading Really Profitable?
Foreign exchange trading, popularly known as forex, is one of the most intense, lucrative, interesting, and probably crazy businesses out there. This is major because there's no end in sight as to how much profit you can make. The same applies to loss too. The forex market has been capped at a daily volume of $6.5 trillion. This would keep going because several people keep joining the market day by day. Starting in the forex market can be hard. It comes with a lot of uncertainty and risk. How far you're willing to go depends on just how much you're willing to risk. There isn't exactly an estimated value of how much a person new to forex can profit. This is why we won't be able to provide an approximate value of exactly how much a newbie can make in this business. What's relieving is that there isn't any hidden risk to suffer. By hidden risk, we mean you would be aware of exactly how much you would profit or lose right from the start. It's a steep learning curve that requires a lot of patience and the ability to make wise decisions. Makes you ask yourself again, is forex trading profitable at all?
Like most virtual businesses, the foreign exchange market has been around for a long time. It began to gain recognition worldwide around 2019. Before then it was this thing people thought was restricted to only banks. From the time it began to gain recognition, however, till now, a lot of things have been updated or just completely changed about the business so you must be up to date with these concepts. As said before, this article is majorly going to ask the question you're wondering as a newbie: Is Forex trading profitable?
One thing we need to get out of the way at first is the notion that forex trading is a "get rich quick" scheme. It's not a situation where you pay today and start amassing loads of money in a week or even a month. That's why we reiterated in the beginning that the market requires a lot of patience and wisdom. Fortunately enough, you don't need to be a specialist to get into forex but we'll get into that in a bit. However, for you to start amassing loads of money off the market (by loads here, we mean billions), you need to be a legendary trader. (You might need to be a specialist after all if your goal is billions). In short, it's important you know, before dipping your toes into the forex pool that it won't be a get-rich-quick scheme. You're more likely to lose money while starting than make massive profits. It has been estimated that at least 68% of all foreign investors make more losses than profits at the end of each year.
If you plan on starting as a third trader, on the other hand, you're more likely to not lose money. Trust us, that's where you want to be.
How Much Do Forex Traders Make?
As regards the amount forex traders make, we've said earlier that there's no end in sight. It's what majorly differs the forex business from a paying job. There is no way to determine the salary when it comes to forex. If you're determined, there are no restrictions of any kind on the profit you can make. You can also look at it this way, you have no monthly wage and your returns are dependent on a lot of variables. At this point, we should try to embellish whatever discouragement we might have placed in you in the first place when we explained that almost every forex trader loses money. There have been exceptions to this notion. There has been news about some forex traders who started with as low as $100 and in a matter of weeks capped their profit at $100,000. So yes, there are always cases like this. To answer your question, is forex trading profitable? Chen Linkuy would say yes.
Most of the time in the forex business, your profits depend majorly on your deposits. Let's say, for example, two people invested in the same trade, and it was estimated that they would both make 0.5-2% profit per day. If the first person invested hundreds, his profits would generally be lesser than the other who probably invested thousands or millions.
Other factors can also be included when calculating profits. Factors such as the rise or fall of your leverage, the daily number of lots, and so on. Once there is a rise in leverage, there would also be a rise in risk as well. The rise and fall of your profit depend on the rise and fall of your leverage. This is why high-risk strategies often make the most profits. All in all, your profits depend on both your deposits and your leverage. They both work hand in hand so, sometimes, depositing a huge amount alone may not work out. Makes you wonder, is forex trading profitable when you have a huge profit only?
5 Essential Trading Strategies For Achieving Consistent Profits
1. Stick to one strategy
While starting out in the forex business, you have to make sure you do some research on all trading strategies out there and stick to one. Make sure you have a strategy or strategies you can use on a consistent basis. Some traders do this by determining averages or some more technical definitions of all strategies while others do this by listening to news and see how forex is doing on social media.
A survey on the internet breaks down the several types of trading strategies used by the most successful forex traders.
31% - Swing trading
28% - follow position strategy
27% - intraday trading
14% - follow position strategy.
2. Profit Targets
You have to make sure that you set achievable profit targets. This can be determined by looking at the daily profits of the currencies you're investing in. For example, if the profit on a currency is said to move 2-3% daily, it's not realistic to set a 5% target.
3. High Leverages
High Leverages need to be avoided at every cost if you're planning on making consistent profits in the forex business. Apart from it being a bad way to earn profits, sometimes, the loss incurred due to overleveraged trading can be pretty hard to recover from.
4. 5% Capital Rule
It's important you know that you can only invest 5% of your capital on each trade. Some forex experts recommend lower (1-2%) but it is generally said that the limit of your investment capital into a trade should be capped at 5%
5. Do Research
Every once in a while, you have to make sure you do some good old fashioned fundamental research into whatever trade you're thinking of investing into next. As a newbie, it's advised that you start with at least right different currencies, learn their profit and loss curve, pay attention to terms such as interest rates, GDPs and so on.
Tips For Forex Trading Beginners
Finally, we'll end with some important things you have to make sure of when starting the business. A lot of people jump in without these tips and most of the time, they often crash before even taking off. Try to apply these tips in whatever trades you're going to be making
1. Manage Risk
Forex is to be seen as a "big picture" kind of thing. The destination should be worth the journey. This means you shouldn't look at your losses in the beginning. Chances are, you're going to make a lot of losses on the way, you're also going to recover from them easily if you learn to manage the risks well.
2. No overtrading
We can't stress this enough. As a beginner, you must make sure that you don't overtrade. It's easy to get lost in the sea of trading information online and get involved in some strategies that can cause you to make lots of mistakes and losses. Try sticking to swing trading and trend line strategies. As time goes on, you'll get the hang of it and would be able to sieve trading information properly
3. Make sure you're ready
Readiness in this instance doesn't only mean financially. You have to make sure you can mentally handle everything that comes with forex trading. You have to make sure you can handle the risk and losses. You also have to make sure you can handle the profits too. Sometimes, they can be pretty overwhelming.
4. Always Learn
Like any field, it's never too late to learn something new. The same also applies to forex. Even veterans find something interesting to learn in the market as the days pass. Don't think you're too big for any kind of information. Learn whenever you can.
There you have it. An answer to that nagging question at the back of your brain. Is forex trading profitable? Yes. It is. It won't be easy, that's sure but that's what makes it even more worthwhile. Make sure you understand these tips before you start and you're more likely to make losses you can recover from than the ones you can't.
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I am not sure how he knew for we had not met nor spoken to each other.
I was just about the get up to leave Al-Awda mosque in Rafah, Gaza when a man sitting behind me introduced himself and asked if I was from Pakistan.
How did he know? Why did he think so? Nothing about my appearance that day – I in my conventional trekking pants and checkered shirt, suggested my background.
Published on January 30, 2009 8:35 pm.
In the balkans it is called a 'lula' or 'lulava'.
In Egypt and the Persian Gulf it is often referred to as a 'shishe'.
In Iran it is called a 'ganja' pronounced as 'ghelyoon'.
In India and Pakistan it is called a 'huqqa'.
In the Palestinian Territories, the Levant, Iraq, Jordan, Greece, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Israel, it is called by the beautiful name of 'narghile'- a word that has its roots in sanskrit.
Published on January 24, 2009 5:01 pm.
Published on January 24, 2009 11:58 am.
Published on January 14, 2009 1:02 am.
Published on January 11, 2009 9:47 pm.
Edward Said discusses his work 'Orientalism' in this series of video discussions.
Published on January 11, 2009 6:32 pm.
Published on January 11, 2009 4:32 pm.
Samuel Huntington, author of the infamous book 'The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order', died on December 28th 2008.
Published on January 6, 2009 1:12 am.
The only man I have ever felt envious of was a 'celebrity' documentary filmmaker who once told an interviewer that his success was a result of his complete lack of introspection!
Published on January 3, 2009 10:17 pm.


easyQuizzy - an efficient and affordable test creation software.
Jalmus is a free music education software helping the musicians, specially pianists, to improve their sight-reading.
Talking Calculator is designed to be a simple, easy to use calculator for home or in the office.
Convert epub, txt, html, opf and even mobi format supported by kindle.


text:
package parReg.tx;

import hydra.Log;
import hydra.blackboard.Blackboard;

public class PrTxQueryBB extends Blackboard {

// Blackboard creation variables
static String BB_NAME = "PrTxQuery_Blackboard";
static String BB_TYPE = "RMI";

public static int ReadyForTx;
public static int PositiveCommit;
public static int NegativeCommit;

public static PrTxQueryBB bbInstance = null;

/**
 *  Get the BB
 */
public static PrTxQueryBB getBB() {
   if (bbInstance == null) {
      synchronized ( PrTxQueryBB.class ) {
         if (bbInstance == null)
            bbInstance = new PrTxQueryBB(BB_NAME, BB_TYPE);
      }
   }
   return bbInstance;
}

/**
 *  Zero-arg constructor for remote method invocations.
 */
public PrTxQueryBB() {
}

/**
 *  Creates a sample blackboard using the specified name and transport type.
 */
public PrTxQueryBB(String name, String type) {
   super(name, type, PrTxQueryBB.class);
}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"Seven Guitars" has ample amounts of what we love about August Wilson: poetic language, symbolism, and an epic scope, (this play is nearly three hours itself, and it is a companion-piece to the equally sweeping "King Hedley, II" which will open December 6th at Portland Playhouse.)Reflecting back on Wilson plays I have seen or read, I realize that many of them had violent scenes, but both "Seven Guitars" and "King Hedley, II" seem to thrive on their darker edge, which puts them in my top-three favorites of the 10-play Pittsburgh Cycle.
The play is performed by a top-notch cast, quite a few of whom were part of Portland Playhouse's Wilson productions, including director Kevin Jones. Victor Mack (Canewell) has a presence that can only be described as charisma unhinged.


Ecorys UK is a leading International management consultancy delivering innovative solutions in research and evaluation, communications and programme management services for a range of UK and European public and private sector organisations. We have passionate teams working on meaningful policies that have an impact on people's lives around the world. We're a socially responsible, employee-owned organisation that gives 1% of our profits to charity each year. Our working culture promotes personal and career development and you'll be part of a large international group with offices worldwide. Ecorys operates a flexible working policy.
Our work ranges from supporting local client needs, through to large scale national, European and international research, monitoring and impact evaluations. We work across a range of policy areas including education, employment, children, young people and families, health and wellbeing.
The Research Manager will support in the winning and delivery of research, evaluation and consultancy projects within the Policy and Research Team across the UK, European and International markets.
This role supports the winning and delivery of a range of key contracts for a range of clients for predominantly public sector and voluntary sector clients. It provides an opportunity to develop a career in the provision of research, evaluation and consultancy services. This is a full time role based in one of our UK offices.
To provide quantitative support to research and evaluation projects, such as developing analytical plans and undertaking data manipulation, descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing and advising on more complex statistical modelling (including supporting counterfactual impact analyses).
Able to contribute to winning new work for the company towards an agreed target.
The deadline for applications is the 12th February 2019.


Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered and treated worldwide. UTI has been reported to be around four times higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetic patients. Since diabetic patients are at a high risk of development of UTIs, it is recommended that special attention is paid to them, especially for the management of bacterial UTIs. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of significant bacteriuria and assess drug susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from April to July 2015. . In this study, 246 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were recruited consecutively. A standard questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the socio-demographic status and clinical history of the study participants. Mid-stream urine was used for chemical analysis, microscopy and microbiological isolation and identification of bacteria. Standardized disc diffusion method was used for the determination of antibiotic sensitivity testing. Data were entered into and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Among the 246 study participants, 150 (60%) of them were females and 96 (40%) were males. The mean age of the study population was 51.5 years. Pyuria was detected in 27 (11%) of the urine specimens examined microscopically. Of the 246 urine specimens cultured on CLED and blood agar plate, 17(6.9%) of them showed significant bacteriuria. Among the 17 bacterial isolates, E. coli was the most frequently isolated one, accounting 10 (53%), followed by Klebsiella species 4 (21%). All the isolates showed 100% sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, except Proteus species, which exhibited resistance to the antibiotic. The multidrug resistant rate of the isolates in our study was 31.6% Conclusion and Recommendation: The overall prevalence of significant bacteriuria in our study was 6.9%. Even though Proteus species showed resistance to nitrofurantoin, all the remaining isolates were 100% sensitive to the antimicrobial. Use of antibiotics for treating UTI in DM patients should be supported with periodic culture and drug susceptibility test studies in a given geographical location.


Scalp Micro-pigmentation is not only a solution to hair loss but also a great way to mask scars from a hair transplant gone wrong. Find out more about it!
Scalp Micro-Pigmentation (also known as SMP) is more than just a hair tattoo. It is a great non-surgical procedure during which natural pigments are applied within the dermal layer of the scalp, replicating a natural shaved head look, hence also making it a great solution to hair loss.
When it comes to hair loss, there are a range of options available for those seeking a solution. From hair transplants to advanced hair systems for men and women, the technology and care behind dealing with baldness is constantly progressing and improving. One of the more recently developed solutions is Scalp Micro-pigmentation but the question is: what exactly is it? To make sure you're up to date with this revolutionary treatment, Optima Hair have explained the process of micro-pigmentation.
The best way to understand Scalp Micro-Pigmentation is to see it as a form of tattoo. During this non-surgical procedure, a natural pigment is applied to the epidermal layer of the scalp, effectively replicating the appearance of hair follicles. Practitioners aim to camouflage the surface area of the scalp where hair loss has already occurred and, in turn, create a new hairline for the client.
As well as the obvious boost to a client's confidence, Scalp Micro-Pigmentation also offers a way to cover any surgery scars from past procedures. For example, if a client has previously had a hair transplant procedure which brought with a few complications, SMP can be carried out in order to help camouflage any scars and imperfections. See results from Scalp Micro-Pigmentation for yourself!
When would I see results?
Although the effects of SMP can be noticed immediately, for optimum results, around 2-3 sessions are required with a practitioner. Each session is carried out within a sterile, comfortable environment ensuring that the patient's experience is a positive one, meaning clients are assured that their results will be of a high quality.
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How do you stop your man or woman from cheating? Cast African love spells free and it will never happen again. The temptation of men to be unfaithful is everywhere. If you know that there is a person who is trying to seduce your partner, or just want to be sure that your man or woman will not walk away from you in pursuit of someone else, it is best to do this spell in order to stop him or her from cheating. Nothing is more disappointing in a relationship than infidelity. This powerful spell that works is an anti infidelity spell recommended for those who are already in strong relationships.
African love spells free always provide solutions that we require to maintain smooth relations. When you use this spell, you and your partner will enjoy a pleasant compromise in your relationship. If your partner has a fault and you have been unfaithful, you can use this infidelity spell so this will not happen again, invoking higher powers to work on restoring the love between you two.
Organizes a sacred space, prepare for it two rose color candles, with a spacing of 30 cm away and put a bowl of water beside the sea shell. Now try to think and mentally visualize correctly so that your partner will not be unfaithful again.
Put the container back into place and then touch the water with your fingers to sprinkle on your wrists and ears. Put some water in s mall container near the bed you share with your partner. That is the end of our African love spells free for infidelity. If you find difficulty casting this spell to stop your cheating spouse, contact me so that I can do it for you.


The NYPD car is strange, for sure. Lots of beautiful cars!
Been to the Mercedes-Benz museum, so much to see!
The Porsche museum was also worth a trip.
I'm sure I'll have a lot to add since car show/event season is kicking off here.
Here are a couple of older pictures of mine. This first one is from February when I attended the Merrill Ice Drags in Merrill, Wisconsin.
They create a 1/8 mile drag strip on a portion of a frozen river and have been doing so for 50 years. This '65 Mustang is purpose-built for drag racing on ice and will do 134mph in the 1/8th. It was a pretty awesome event to attend.
This next one is of a friend's Z06 advertising for an event a group of friends and I attend every summer; Powercruise. It's hard to describe just how awesome this event is. If you're in to cars, drag racing, road course, drifting, after-hours shenanigans, then this is a must-do event.
As of writing, that Corvette is under the knife to get upgraded bearings and crankshaft so he can spin more boost because apparently, 1,444hp isn't enough.
I wouldn't hesitate to sell a kidney to be able to own a Miura.
It finally dawned on me why your username has always been so familiar to me. In another life (on another site, LxForums) I'm known as TehKing. Always loved that car.
LOL. I remember TehKing!!! Small world. She was/is a BEAST! Surprised more that a few people. I've been lucky enough to own some VERY fun cars.
Before I get to the good stuff, I will post a few pics of my cars. The ST is my work car, so it has a 4ft A frame ladder, a 12 ft telescoping extension ladder and a gang of testing equipment in it. Not the smartest vehicle to work out of, but definitely one of the most fun. Here it is 3 wheeling in a customers uneven driveway, and side by side with my dad's hot hatch when I was visiting.
Here are the cars I own/my friends own. And yes, I had a trio of Jettas at one point in time. The red coupe has since been given to a good friend. The Calypso GLI (tealish) was my dad's, bought new in '89 and I went in the test drive with him when I was 3. I still own this and the black one.
Now for just some of the cool stuff I have seen since I have had this phone. Most of it at Sears Point aka Sonoma Raceway or it's parking lot.
Last edited by Dub Rubb on Sun Apr 14, 2019 7:01 pm, edited 1 time in total.
The cool thing with all the race cars pictured, I actually get to see and more importantly hear them rip around the track.


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text:
Boat Carrying Haitian Migrants Capsizes; at Least 20 Dead
SOUTH DOCK, Turks and Caicos Islands – Every year, Haitians by the hundreds set off in rickety boats hoping to escape poverty by sneaking into the United States. The perils became gruesomely apparent Friday when a crowded boat capsized, flinging migrants into shark-infested waters.
Hours after the sailing vessel overturned in moonlit waters a half-mile from shore, rescuers had recovered more than a dozen bodies -- some with savage bite wounds -- and were searching for about 60 missing people.
The Turks and Caicos government said the boat was carrying some 160 people and that 78 survivors -- 69 males and 9 females -- were rescued. Police have recovered 16 bodies, those of 13 females and three males, the government said.
Some survivors were spotted by a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter clinging to the hull of their overturned vessel, said Petty Officer Third Class Barry Bena. The chopper guided in a boat to get them. A Coast Guard cutter and a C-130 plane also were dispatched to join the search.
"Five or six small boats of ours are out searching. The survivors are being fed," a harried Turks and Caicos official told The Associated Press as bodies were being delivered to South Dock, the main commercial port of this British territory.
The Coast Guard said its helicopter reported spotting about 20 corpses. An AP reporter saw about a dozen bodies, some with missing feet and limbs.
The Turks and Caicos official, who would not allow her name to be used because she was not authorized to speak to the media, said it was unknown if the sharks fed on the victims while they were still alive or after they drowned.
It could become the worst disaster in years to hit Haitian migrants, who jam into boats to attempt the treacherous journey. The boat that overturned Friday was only about 25 feet long.
"When it's done that way it takes almost nothing for a disaster to occur," Bena said in a telephone interview from Miami. "A strong wind or a sea swell or people moving around can capsize a boat in an instant."
The Coast Guard said the migrant vessel capsized while being towed by a Turks and Caicos police boat at 4:30 a.m., but local authorities said the police boat arrived on the scene only after the accident.
Survivors were taken to a detention center on Providenciales, the island that is the urban center of the Turks and Caicos and features an 18-hole golf course, resort hotels, bars and restaurants.
There is a sizable community of illegal Haitian immigrants on Providenciales, and it was not immediately clear if those aboard the boat were headed here or to the United States -- the more common destination.
The number of Haitians intercepted by the Coast Guard has increased recently, despite the restoration of democracy to Haiti last year with the election of President Rene Preval. Preval replaced an interim government that took over after a bloody rebellion overthrew President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 2004.
Preval, who is hugely popular among Haiti's poor, has used the help of U.N. peacekeepers to crack down on gangs that were behind a kidnapping epidemic in the capital and is seeking foreign investment to help boost the economy. But the numbers of Haitians trying to reach the U.S. show that many people can't wait while he tries to transform the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation.
This year, the Coast Guard has intercepted 909 Haitians, compared to 769 during all of 2006 and 1,828 in 2005. During the turbulent year of the 2004 rebellion, 3,078 were caught.
Jean-Robert Lafortune, chairman of the Haitian-American Grassroots Coalition in Florida, said Haiti's economic struggles and its political instability are too much for many people.
He said Friday's tragedy underscored "one of the greatest fears that we always have in the community -- knowing that many of those refugees do not make it in their attempt to make the Florida shore."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace Python.Runtime
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A MethodBinder encapsulates information about a (possibly overloaded)
    /// managed method, and is responsible for selecting the right method given
    /// a set of Python arguments. This is also used as a base class for the
    /// ConstructorBinder, a minor variation used to invoke constructors.
    /// </summary>
    internal class MethodBinder
    {
        public ArrayList list;
        public MethodBase[] methods;
        public bool init = false;
        public bool allow_threads = true;

        internal MethodBinder()
        {
            list = new ArrayList();
        }

        internal MethodBinder(MethodInfo mi)
        {
            list = new ArrayList { mi };
        }

        public int Count
        {
            get { return list.Count; }
        }

        internal void AddMethod(MethodBase m)
        {
            list.Add(m);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Given a sequence of MethodInfo and a sequence of types, return the
        /// MethodInfo that matches the signature represented by those types.
        /// </summary>
        internal static MethodInfo MatchSignature(MethodInfo[] mi, Type[] tp)
        {
            if (tp == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            int count = tp.Length;
            foreach (MethodInfo t in mi)
            {
                ParameterInfo[] pi = t.GetParameters();
                if (pi.Length != count)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                for (var n = 0; n < pi.Length; n++)
                {
                    if (tp[n] != pi[n].ParameterType)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (n == pi.Length - 1)
                    {
                        return t;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Given a sequence of MethodInfo and a sequence of type parameters,
        /// return the MethodInfo that represents the matching closed generic.
        /// </summary>
        internal static MethodInfo MatchParameters(MethodInfo[] mi, Type[] tp)
        {
            if (tp == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            int count = tp.Length;
            foreach (MethodInfo t in mi)
            {
                if (!t.IsGenericMethodDefinition)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                Type[] args = t.GetGenericArguments();
                if (args.Length != count)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                return t.MakeGenericMethod(tp);
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Given a sequence of MethodInfo and two sequences of type parameters,
        /// return the MethodInfo that matches the signature and the closed generic.
        /// </summary>
        internal static MethodInfo MatchSignatureAndParameters(MethodInfo[] mi, Type[] genericTp, Type[] sigTp)
        {
            if (genericTp == null || sigTp == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            int genericCount = genericTp.Length;
            int signatureCount = sigTp.Length;
            foreach (MethodInfo t in mi)
            {
                if (!t.IsGenericMethodDefinition)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                Type[] genericArgs = t.GetGenericArguments();
                if (genericArgs.Length != genericCount)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                ParameterInfo[] pi = t.GetParameters();
                if (pi.Length != signatureCount)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                for (var n = 0; n < pi.Length; n++)
                {
                    if (sigTp[n] != pi[n].ParameterType)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (n == pi.Length - 1)
                    {
                        MethodInfo match = t;
                        if (match.IsGenericMethodDefinition)
                        {
                            // FIXME: typeArgs not used
                            Type[] typeArgs = match.GetGenericArguments();
                            return match.MakeGenericMethod(genericTp);
                        }
                        return match;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Return the array of MethodInfo for this method. The result array
        /// is arranged in order of precedence (done lazily to avoid doing it
        /// at all for methods that are never called).
        /// </summary>
        internal MethodBase[] GetMethods()
        {
            if (!init)
            {
                // I'm sure this could be made more efficient.
                list.Sort(new MethodSorter());
                methods = (MethodBase[])list.ToArray(typeof(MethodBase));
                init = true;
            }
            return methods;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Precedence algorithm largely lifted from Jython - the concerns are
        /// generally the same so we'll start with this and tweak as necessary.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Based from Jython `org.python.core.ReflectedArgs.precedence`
        /// See: https://github.com/jythontools/jython/blob/master/src/org/python/core/ReflectedArgs.java#L192
        /// </remarks>
        internal static int GetPrecedence(MethodBase mi)
        {
            ParameterInfo[] pi = mi.GetParameters();
            int val = mi.IsStatic ? 3000 : 0;
            int num = pi.Length;

            val += mi.IsGenericMethod ? 1 : 0;
            for (var i = 0; i < num; i++)
            {
                val += ArgPrecedence(pi[i].ParameterType);
            }

            return val;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Return a precedence value for a particular Type object.
        /// </summary>
        internal static int ArgPrecedence(Type t)
        {
            Type objectType = typeof(object);
            if (t == objectType)
            {
                return 3000;
            }

            TypeCode tc = Type.GetTypeCode(t);
            // TODO: Clean up
            switch (tc)
            {
                case TypeCode.Object:
                    return 1;

                case TypeCode.UInt64:
                    return 10;

                case TypeCode.UInt32:
                    return 11;

                case TypeCode.UInt16:
                    return 12;

                case TypeCode.Int64:
                    return 13;

                case TypeCode.Int32:
                    return 14;

                case TypeCode.Int16:
                    return 15;

                case TypeCode.Char:
                    return 16;

                case TypeCode.SByte:
                    return 17;

                case TypeCode.Byte:
                    return 18;

                case TypeCode.Single:
                    return 20;

                case TypeCode.Double:
                    return 21;

                case TypeCode.String:
                    return 30;

                case TypeCode.Boolean:
                    return 40;
            }

            if (t.IsArray)
            {
                Type e = t.GetElementType();
                if (e == objectType)
                {
                    return 2500;
                }
                return 100 + ArgPrecedence(e);
            }

            return 2000;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Bind the given Python instance and arguments to a particular method
        /// overload and return a structure that contains the converted Python
        /// instance, converted arguments and the correct method to call.
        /// </summary>
        internal Binding Bind(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw)
        {
            return Bind(inst, args, kw, null, null);
        }

        internal Binding Bind(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw, MethodBase info)
        {
            return Bind(inst, args, kw, info, null);
        }

        internal Binding Bind(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw, MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo)
        {
            // loop to find match, return invoker w/ or /wo error
            MethodBase[] _methods = null;

            var kwargDict = new Dictionary<string, IntPtr>();
            if (kw != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                var pynkwargs = (int)Runtime.PyDict_Size(kw);
                IntPtr keylist = Runtime.PyDict_Keys(kw);
                IntPtr valueList = Runtime.PyDict_Values(kw);
                for (int i = 0; i < pynkwargs; ++i)
                {
                    var keyStr = Runtime.GetManagedString(Runtime.PyList_GetItem(keylist, i));
                    kwargDict[keyStr] = Runtime.PyList_GetItem(valueList, i);
                }
                Runtime.XDecref(keylist);
                Runtime.XDecref(valueList);
            }

            var pynargs = (int)Runtime.PyTuple_Size(args);
            var isGeneric = false;
            if (info != null)
            {
                _methods = new MethodBase[1];
                _methods.SetValue(info, 0);
            }
            else
            {
                _methods = GetMethods();
            }

            // TODO: Clean up
            foreach (MethodBase mi in _methods)
            {
                if (mi.IsGenericMethod)
                {
                    isGeneric = true;
                }
                ParameterInfo[] pi = mi.GetParameters();
                ArrayList defaultArgList;
                bool paramsArray;

                if (!MatchesArgumentCount(pynargs, pi, kwargDict, out paramsArray, out defaultArgList))
                {
                    continue;
                }
                var outs = 0;
                var margs = TryConvertArguments(pi, paramsArray, args, pynargs, kwargDict, defaultArgList,
                    needsResolution: _methods.Length > 1,
                    outs: out outs);

                if (margs == null)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                object target = null;
                if (!mi.IsStatic && inst != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    //CLRObject co = (CLRObject)ManagedType.GetManagedObject(inst);
                    // InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type
                    // 'Python.Runtime.ClassObject' to type 'Python.Runtime.CLRObject'
                    var co = ManagedType.GetManagedObject(inst) as CLRObject;

                    // Sanity check: this ensures a graceful exit if someone does
                    // something intentionally wrong like call a non-static method
                    // on the class rather than on an instance of the class.
                    // XXX maybe better to do this before all the other rigmarole.
                    if (co == null)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    target = co.inst;
                }

                return new Binding(mi, target, margs, outs);
            }
            // We weren't able to find a matching method but at least one
            // is a generic method and info is null. That happens when a generic
            // method was not called using the [] syntax. Let's introspect the
            // type of the arguments and use it to construct the correct method.
            if (isGeneric && info == null && methodinfo != null)
            {
                Type[] types = Runtime.PythonArgsToTypeArray(args, true);
                MethodInfo mi = MatchParameters(methodinfo, types);
                return Bind(inst, args, kw, mi, null);
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to convert Python positional argument tuple and keyword argument table
        /// into an array of managed objects, that can be passed to a method.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pi">Information about expected parameters</param>
        /// <param name="paramsArray"><c>true</c>, if the last parameter is a params array.</param>
        /// <param name="args">A pointer to the Python argument tuple</param>
        /// <param name="pyArgCount">Number of arguments, passed by Python</param>
        /// <param name="kwargDict">Dictionary of keyword argument name to python object pointer</param>
        /// <param name="defaultArgList">A list of default values for omitted parameters</param>
        /// <param name="needsResolution"><c>true</c>, if overloading resolution is required</param>
        /// <param name="outs">Returns number of output parameters</param>
        /// <returns>An array of .NET arguments, that can be passed to a method.</returns>
        static object[] TryConvertArguments(ParameterInfo[] pi, bool paramsArray,
            IntPtr args, int pyArgCount,
            Dictionary<string, IntPtr> kwargDict,
            ArrayList defaultArgList,
            bool needsResolution,
            out int outs)
        {
            outs = 0;
            var margs = new object[pi.Length];
            int arrayStart = paramsArray ? pi.Length - 1 : -1;

            for (int paramIndex = 0; paramIndex < pi.Length; paramIndex++)
            {
                var parameter = pi[paramIndex];
                bool hasNamedParam = kwargDict.ContainsKey(parameter.Name);

                if (paramIndex >= pyArgCount && !hasNamedParam)
                {
                    if (defaultArgList != null)
                    {
                        margs[paramIndex] = defaultArgList[paramIndex - pyArgCount];
                    }

                    continue;
                }

                IntPtr op;
                if (hasNamedParam)
                {
                    op = kwargDict[parameter.Name];
                }
                else
                {
                    op = (arrayStart == paramIndex)
                        // map remaining Python arguments to a tuple since
                        // the managed function accepts it - hopefully :]
                        ? Runtime.PyTuple_GetSlice(args, arrayStart, pyArgCount)
                        : Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(args, paramIndex);
                }

                bool isOut;
                if (!TryConvertArgument(op, parameter.ParameterType, needsResolution, out margs[paramIndex], out isOut))
                {
                    return null;
                }

                if (arrayStart == paramIndex)
                {
                    // TODO: is this a bug? Should this happen even if the conversion fails?
                    // GetSlice() creates a new reference but GetItem()
                    // returns only a borrow reference.
                    Runtime.XDecref(op);
                }

                if (parameter.IsOut || isOut)
                {
                    outs++;
                }
            }

            return margs;
        }

        static bool TryConvertArgument(IntPtr op, Type parameterType, bool needsResolution,
                                       out object arg, out bool isOut)
        {
            arg = null;
            isOut = false;
            var clrtype = TryComputeClrArgumentType(parameterType, op, needsResolution: needsResolution);
            if (clrtype == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (!Converter.ToManaged(op, clrtype, out arg, false))
            {
                Exceptions.Clear();
                return false;
            }

            isOut = clrtype.IsByRef;
            return true;
        }

        static Type TryComputeClrArgumentType(Type parameterType, IntPtr argument, bool needsResolution)
        {
            // this logic below handles cases when multiple overloading methods
            // are ambiguous, hence comparison between Python and CLR types
            // is necessary
            Type clrtype = null;
            IntPtr pyoptype;
            if (needsResolution)
            {
                // HACK: each overload should be weighted in some way instead
                pyoptype = Runtime.PyObject_Type(argument);
                Exceptions.Clear();
                if (pyoptype != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    clrtype = Converter.GetTypeByAlias(pyoptype);
                }
                Runtime.XDecref(pyoptype);
            }

            if (clrtype != null)
            {
                var typematch = false;
                if ((parameterType != typeof(object)) && (parameterType != clrtype))
                {
                    IntPtr pytype = Converter.GetPythonTypeByAlias(parameterType);
                    pyoptype = Runtime.PyObject_Type(argument);
                    Exceptions.Clear();
                    if (pyoptype != IntPtr.Zero)
                    {
                        if (pytype != pyoptype)
                        {
                            typematch = false;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            typematch = true;
                            clrtype = parameterType;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!typematch)
                    {
                        // this takes care of enum values
                        TypeCode argtypecode = Type.GetTypeCode(parameterType);
                        TypeCode paramtypecode = Type.GetTypeCode(clrtype);
                        if (argtypecode == paramtypecode)
                        {
                            typematch = true;
                            clrtype = parameterType;
                        }
                    }
                    Runtime.XDecref(pyoptype);
                    if (!typematch)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    typematch = true;
                    clrtype = parameterType;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                clrtype = parameterType;
            }

            return clrtype;
        }

        static bool MatchesArgumentCount(int positionalArgumentCount, ParameterInfo[] parameters,
            Dictionary<string, IntPtr> kwargDict,
            out bool paramsArray,
            out ArrayList defaultArgList)
        {
            defaultArgList = null;
            var match = false;
            paramsArray = false;

            if (positionalArgumentCount == parameters.Length)
            {
                match = true;
            }
            else if (positionalArgumentCount < parameters.Length)
            {
                // every parameter past 'positionalArgumentCount' must have either
                // a corresponding keyword argument or a default parameter
                match = true;
                defaultArgList = new ArrayList();
                for (var v = positionalArgumentCount; v < parameters.Length; v++)
                {
                    if (kwargDict.ContainsKey(parameters[v].Name))
                    {
                        // we have a keyword argument for this parameter,
                        // no need to check for a default parameter, but put a null
                        // placeholder in defaultArgList
                        defaultArgList.Add(null);
                    }
                    else if (parameters[v].IsOptional)
                    {
                        // IsOptional will be true if the parameter has a default value,
                        // or if the parameter has the [Optional] attribute specified.
                        // The GetDefaultValue() extension method will return the value
                        // to be passed in as the parameter value
                        defaultArgList.Add(parameters[v].GetDefaultValue());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        match = false;
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (positionalArgumentCount > parameters.Length && parameters.Length > 0 &&
                       Attribute.IsDefined(parameters[parameters.Length - 1], typeof(ParamArrayAttribute)))
            {
                // This is a `foo(params object[] bar)` style method
                match = true;
                paramsArray = true;
            }

            return match;
        }

        internal virtual IntPtr Invoke(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw)
        {
            return Invoke(inst, args, kw, null, null);
        }

        internal virtual IntPtr Invoke(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw, MethodBase info)
        {
            return Invoke(inst, args, kw, info, null);
        }

        internal virtual IntPtr Invoke(IntPtr inst, IntPtr args, IntPtr kw, MethodBase info, MethodInfo[] methodinfo)
        {
            Binding binding = Bind(inst, args, kw, info, methodinfo);
            object result;
            IntPtr ts = IntPtr.Zero;

            if (binding == null)
            {
                var value = new StringBuilder("No method matches given arguments");
                if (methodinfo != null && methodinfo.Length > 0)
                {
                    value.Append($" for {methodinfo[0].Name}");
                }

                long argCount = Runtime.PyTuple_Size(args);
                value.Append(": (");
                for(long argIndex = 0; argIndex < argCount; argIndex++) {
                    var arg = Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(args, argIndex);
                    if (arg != IntPtr.Zero) {
                        var type = Runtime.PyObject_Type(arg);
                        if (type != IntPtr.Zero) {
                            try {
                                var description = Runtime.PyObject_Unicode(type);
                                if (description != IntPtr.Zero) {
                                    value.Append(Runtime.GetManagedString(description));
                                    Runtime.XDecref(description);
                                }
                            } finally {
                                Runtime.XDecref(type);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (argIndex + 1 < argCount)
                        value.Append(", ");
                }
                value.Append(')');
                Exceptions.SetError(Exceptions.TypeError, value.ToString());
                return IntPtr.Zero;
            }

            if (allow_threads)
            {
                ts = PythonEngine.BeginAllowThreads();
            }

            try
            {
                result = binding.info.Invoke(binding.inst, BindingFlags.Default, null, binding.args, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                if (e.InnerException != null)
                {
                    e = e.InnerException;
                }
                if (allow_threads)
                {
                    PythonEngine.EndAllowThreads(ts);
                }
                Exceptions.SetError(e);
                return IntPtr.Zero;
            }

            if (allow_threads)
            {
                PythonEngine.EndAllowThreads(ts);
            }

            // If there are out parameters, we return a tuple containing
            // the result followed by the out parameters. If there is only
            // one out parameter and the return type of the method is void,
            // we return the out parameter as the result to Python (for
            // code compatibility with ironpython).

            var mi = (MethodInfo)binding.info;

            if (binding.outs == 1 && mi.ReturnType == typeof(void))
            {
            }

            if (binding.outs > 0)
            {
                ParameterInfo[] pi = mi.GetParameters();
                int c = pi.Length;
                var n = 0;

                IntPtr t = Runtime.PyTuple_New(binding.outs + 1);
                IntPtr v = Converter.ToPython(result, mi.ReturnType);
                Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(t, n, v);
                n++;

                for (var i = 0; i < c; i++)
                {
                    Type pt = pi[i].ParameterType;
                    if (pi[i].IsOut || pt.IsByRef)
                    {
                        v = Converter.ToPython(binding.args[i], pt);
                        Runtime.PyTuple_SetItem(t, n, v);
                        n++;
                    }
                }

                if (binding.outs == 1 && mi.ReturnType == typeof(void))
                {
                    v = Runtime.PyTuple_GetItem(t, 1);
                    Runtime.XIncref(v);
                    Runtime.XDecref(t);
                    return v;
                }

                return t;
            }

            return Converter.ToPython(result, mi.ReturnType);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Utility class to sort method info by parameter type precedence.
    /// </summary>
    internal class MethodSorter : IComparer
    {
        int IComparer.Compare(object m1, object m2)
        {
            var me1 = (MethodBase)m1;
            var me2 = (MethodBase)m2;
            if (me1.DeclaringType != me2.DeclaringType)
            {
                // m2's type derives from m1's type, favor m2
                if (me1.DeclaringType.IsAssignableFrom(me2.DeclaringType))
                    return 1;

                // m1's type derives from m2's type, favor m1
                if (me2.DeclaringType.IsAssignableFrom(me1.DeclaringType))
                    return -1;
            }

            int p1 = MethodBinder.GetPrecedence((MethodBase)m1);
            int p2 = MethodBinder.GetPrecedence((MethodBase)m2);
            if (p1 < p2)
            {
                return -1;
            }
            if (p1 > p2)
            {
                return 1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A Binding is a utility instance that bundles together a MethodInfo
    /// representing a method to call, a (possibly null) target instance for
    /// the call, and the arguments for the call (all as managed values).
    /// </summary>
    internal class Binding
    {
        public MethodBase info;
        public object[] args;
        public object inst;
        public int outs;

        internal Binding(MethodBase info, object inst, object[] args, int outs)
        {
            this.info = info;
            this.inst = inst;
            this.args = args;
            this.outs = outs;
        }
    }

    static internal class ParameterInfoExtensions
    {
        public static object GetDefaultValue(this ParameterInfo parameterInfo)
        {
            // parameterInfo.HasDefaultValue is preferable but doesn't exist in .NET 4.0
            bool hasDefaultValue = (parameterInfo.Attributes & ParameterAttributes.HasDefault) ==
                ParameterAttributes.HasDefault;

            if (hasDefaultValue)
            {
                return parameterInfo.DefaultValue;
            }
            else
            {
                // [OptionalAttribute] was specified for the parameter.
                // See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3416216/optionalattribute-parameters-default-value
                // for rules on determining the value to pass to the parameter
                var type = parameterInfo.ParameterType;
                if (type == typeof(object))
                    return Type.Missing;
                else if (type.IsValueType)
                    return Activator.CreateInstance(type);
                else
                    return null;
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
Joe Calzaghe
Rated at
The Pride of Wales
The Italian Dragon
Super Joe
I grew up in the 80's and my earliest memories when I first started boxing when I was nine-years-old was Sugar Ray Leonard, Thomas Hearns, Marvin Hagler – that was a fantastic era. They were all great fighters but I think Leonard was my favorite.
Joe Calzaghe Biography
Boxing Career (1993–2008)
Born 1972, Hammersmith London Joseph William "Joe" Calzaghe, CBE, (born 23 March 1972) is a retired Welsh professional boxer. Calzaghe is sometimes referred to as the "Pride of Wales," or the "Italian Dragon"
He is a former WBO,IBF, WBC, WBA & The Ring Super Middleweight Champion and The Ring Light Heavyweight Champion. He retired in February 2009 with an undefeated record of 46-0 and as a reigning World Champion.
By 1993 he had held Amateur Boxing Association (ABA) titles in three different weight categories, the first British boxer to do so. He also held titles from the National Association of Boys Clubs (NABC) and the Gaelic Games. As an amateur boxer, Calzaghe maintained an impressive record of 110 wins out of 120 fights. In September 1993 Calzaghe made his professional debut at Cardiff Arms Park. By June 1995, Calzaghe had won nine out of nine fights, seven in the first round and two in the second. At the end of 1995 Calzaghe was voted Young Boxer of the Year by the Professional Boxing Association and the Boxing Writers Club and he had won the British title, stopping Steve Wilson in the eighth round. Joe then went on to win his next 13 fights before he got a shot at the WBO super-middleweight title.
WBO Super Middleweight Champion
A fight against the recently deposed titleholder and British boxing legend Chris Eubank was set up for the vacant WBO title on the 11th October 1997, in Sheffield. Calzaghe emerged victorious over the two-time WBO champion. Notable wins included This was followed by notable victories over Robin Reid, Charles Brewer, Mario Veit (twice) and Evans Ashira. His scheduled bout with IBF world champion Jeff Lacy for 5th November 2005 was initially cancelled due to the break sustained to the metacarpal in his left hand. It was rescheduled for the 5th March 2006, where Jeff Lacy was beaten by a unanimous points decision.
Calzaghe met Peter Manfredo Jr. in front of 35,000 fans in Cardiff, Wales. Calzaghe was victorious on a third-round stoppage, unifying the super middleweight division. Cardiff's Millennium Stadium on November 4th 2007 was home to a unification bout for the WBO / WBA super / WBC / Ring Magazine super-middleweight titles. Calzaghe won by unanimous decision, surpassing the 20 defenses made by Bernard Hopkins and Larry Holmes at middleweight and heavyweight respectively.
Moving up to light heavyweight and retirement
On 19th April 2008 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, Calzaghe defeated Bernard Hopkins and won the Ring light heavyweight championship by a split decision in his first ever fight in the United States. Next was Roy Jones Jr for The Ring Light Heavyweight Championship in New York City at Madison Square Garden. In the 8th Jones sustained a cut over an eye, nearly forcing a stoppage. All three judges' decisions were 118–109 for Calzaghe.
On 5 February 2009, Joe Calzaghe announced his retirement from professional boxing, finishing with a record of 46–0 and becoming only the tenth World Champion boxer, after Rocky Marciano, Ji-won Kim, Terry Marsh, Pichit Sitbangprachan, Harry Simon, Ricardo Lopez, Michael Loewe, Sven Ottke and Dmitry Pirog, to retire as an undefeated World Champion.
Calzaghe was the first person to be awarded the Freedom of Caerphilly, his home county, in 2009. The award was presented to Calzaghe in front of his family — father and trainer Enzo, mother Jackie, sister Sonia, (then) girlfriend Jo-Emma Larvin, and his two sons. Other awards include an MBE, later a CBE, BBC Sports Personality of the Year (2007) and in 2014 Joe entered the Boxing Hall of Fame alongside Oscar de la Hoya and Fenix Trinidad.
Designed by Dragon Info Tech


text:
Q: Unable to configure mysql hibernate with maven project I had already configured my project with spring web flow and it was working fine but when I tried to configure it with mysql, I got this exception mentioned below - I know its unable to find the class, but I have declared the dependency for it in my pom, maybe something is missing in my pom from my side.
Jan 23, 2016 2:03:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
SEVERE: StandardWrapper.Throwable
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/dbConfig.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1222)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:864)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:134)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:956)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:625)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver]
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:121)
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:75)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1510)
    ... 35 more

Jan 23, 2016 2:03:41 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
SEVERE: Allocate exception for servlet Spring MVC Servlet
org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessException details (1) are:
PropertyAccessException 1:
org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver]
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1182)
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:927)
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:95)
    at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:75)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1510)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1222)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1284)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1197)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:864)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:134)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:956)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:625)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver]
    at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(DriverManagerDataSource.java:130)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.setPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:1169)
    ... 39 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1854)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1703)
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(DriverManagerDataSource.java:127)
    ... 44 more

pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.springframework.webflow.samples</groupId>
    <artifactId>primefaces-showcase</artifactId>
    <name>Spring Web Flow and PrimeFaces Showcase</name>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <java-version>1.6</java-version>
        <springwebflow-version>2.4.2.RELEASE</springwebflow-version>
        <springsecurity-version>4.0.1.RELEASE</springsecurity-version>
        <primefaces-version>4.0</primefaces-version>
        <org.slf4j-version>1.7.5</org.slf4j-version>
    </properties>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-binding</artifactId>
            <version>${springwebflow-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
            <version>${springwebflow-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
            <version>${springwebflow-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-faces</artifactId>
            <version>${springwebflow-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
            <version>${springsecurity-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>${springsecurity-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springsecurity-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
            <version>${springsecurity-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JSF-303 Dependency Injection -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
            <version>1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Sun Mojarra JSF 2 runtime -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Apache MyFaces JSF 2 runtime -->
        <!--<dependency>-->
            <!--<groupId>org.apache.myfaces.core</groupId>-->
            <!--<artifactId>myfaces-api</artifactId>-->
            <!--<version>2.2.8</version>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <!--<dependency>-->
            <!--<groupId>org.apache.myfaces.core</groupId>-->
            <!--<artifactId>myfaces-impl</artifactId>-->
            <!--<version>2.2.8</version>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <!-- PrimeFaces component library -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.primefaces</groupId>
            <artifactId>primefaces</artifactId>
            <version>${primefaces-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- File uploads -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JSR 303 validation -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.GA</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.0.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring</id>
            <name>Spring Repository</name>
            <url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
            <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>jboss</id>
            <name>JBoss Repository</name>
            <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url>
            <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>java.net</id>
            <name>Java.net Repository</name>
            <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2/</url>
            <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>primefaces</id>
            <name>Prime Technology Repository</name>
            <url>http://repository.primefaces.org</url>
            <layout>default</layout>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java-version}</source>
                    <target>${java-version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.0.0.v20130308</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.9</version>
                <configuration>
                    <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
                    <downloadJavadocs>false</downloadJavadocs>
                    <wtpversion>2.0</wtpversion>
                    <sourceExcludes>
                        <sourceExclude>**/.svn/**</sourceExclude>
                    </sourceExcludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>install</id>
                        <phase>install</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>sources</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-beta-1</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

servlet-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:faces="http://www.springframework.org/schema/faces"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/faces http://www.springframework.org/schema/faces/spring-faces.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--
        DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure
    -->

    <!-- Imports user-defined @Controller beans that process client requests -->
    <import resource="controllers.xml" />
    <import resource="webflow.xml" />
    <import resource="dbConfig.xml" />

    <!-- Scan for Spring beans declared via annotations. -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.main.swf.*"/>

    <!-- org.springframework.samples.webflow -->

    <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!--
        Enable serving of classpath with Spring 3 resource serving mechanism. For example:
        /webflow-primefaces-showcase/app/resources/styles/blueprint/print.css
    -->
    <mvc:resources location="/" mapping="/resources/**" />

    <!--
        Enable processing of JSF 2 resource requests. For example:
        /webflow-primefaces-showcase/app/javax.faces.resource/jsf.js?ln=javax.faces
    -->
    <faces:resources />

    <!--
        Maps request paths to flows in the flowRegistry; e.g. a path of
        /hotels/booking looks for a flow with id "hotels/booking"
    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.webflow.mvc.servlet.FlowHandlerMapping">
        <property name="flowRegistry" ref="flowRegistry" />
    </bean>

    <!--
        Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .xhtml
        resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory
    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.faces.mvc.JsfView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".xhtml" />
    </bean>

    <!--
        Dispatches requests mapped to flows to FlowHandler implementations
    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.faces.webflow.JsfFlowHandlerAdapter">
        <property name="flowExecutor" ref="flowExecutor" />
    </bean>

</beans>

dbConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd">

<!-- <context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.demo" /> -->

<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
   <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
   <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testing" />
   <property name="username" value="someUserName" />
   <property name="password" value="somePassword" />
</bean>

</beans>

A: The mysql-connector-java is in the dependencyManagement section it should be also in dependencies section.
dependencyManagement is used to define the dependencies version, scope and so on. The dependency should be added in the  dependencies to add that dependency in the classpath.
Please add the following inside <dependencies></dependencies>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<dependency>

You don't need to mention the version and scope since it is already configured in dependencyManagement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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THE man in the photo is immune from prosecution. Special laws protect his property and that of his family. In his country, Kazakhstan, it is illegal to insult the man or to deface his image. Nursultan Nazarbayev is, according to the constitution, not only the president but also the "Leader of the Nation" and he can stand for re-election as long as he lives. Since there's never been any serious challenge, many expect Mr Nazarbayev, a 73-year-old former steelworker, to stay in office until he perishes from this earth (he is still mortal, last we checked).
The president is genuinely popular, winning credit for the political stability and rising standard of living in his oil-rich nation. A generous visitor might suppose that is why his photo appears on billboards all over the place, strongman-style. With more than two decades at the helm, Mr Nazarbayev has not built a system based on rule of law; instead he oversees a patronage network in which he stands as the final arbiter. It's not just that Kazakhstan has never held a free and fair election. There are no institutions to manage a transition, which makes it likely that the country's next leadership will be determined by struggles within the power elite—if that is not happening already, behind-the-scenes.
There are plenty of reasons to believe that Kazakhstan's authorities are not up to the job of managing a wide-ranging crisis.
In late 2011, a long-simmering strike in the western town of Zhanaozen, where oil workers were demanding higher wages, boiled over. Video footage showed police shooting unarmed protesters in the back as they fled. At least 15 people died, all of them civilians.
Though there were brief moments of contrition on the part of senior officials, the Zhanaozen events were papered over, not studied. They unleashed a wave of persecution that continues to jail opposition leaders under implausible charges of "inciting social discord" and to silence independent media. In September 2013 the last opposition leader anyone took seriously threw in the towel.
Zhanaozen also showed that the profits from Kazakhstan's immense oil and mineral riches are not trickling down. There is great wealth, but it is concentrated in two cities, Almaty and Astana, where restaurants compete in price (not quality) with those in the most expensive cities in the world. Yet in the potholed villages scattered across the rest of this vast country, the world's ninth-largest by land area, basic infrastructure is crumbling. Even the oil-rich areas lack regular supplies of clean water and electricity.
There are signs that some mobilisation is already happening, under the banner of Islam. Home-grown terrorism is perhaps the most mysterious and worrying challenge to Kazakhstan's security. Dozens died in unexplained bombings and attacks across the country in 2011. The suspects in anti-terrorism operations tend to get killed, ensuring a dearth of information, or else they are shut away after secret trials. There is little evidence of reflection over the causes of disaffection. "The expert and political community in Kazakhstan is almost unanimous about the main reason for the existence and spread of religious radicalisation: the grim socio-economic situation in the regions, especially the west" of the country, says ICG.
Mr Nazarbayev seeks legitimacy abroad, but he shows little interest in reform. After years of lobbying in 2010 Kazakhstan chaired a summit of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). But then the government in Astana made a mockery of the organisation, making it plain that it had no interest in adopting the values it theoretically defended as a member of the OSCE.
Two months after hosting an OSCE summit, the president called early presidential elections, catching his opponents off guard. Mr Nazarbayev won a head-spinning 95.5% in a vote that the OSCE's monitors called "non-competitive". One of the candidates who was supposed to be an opponent of Mr Nazarbayev let on that even he had voted for the incumbent.
If reform is to come to Kazakhstan, it is not likely to be driven by poverty or the spectre of terror or even unabashed authoritarianism. As in neighbouring Russia, which still exerts cultural influence over Central Asia, it is a growing urban middle class and its clamouring for such basic things as guaranteed property rights, that is capable of commanding attention in high places.
The ICG estimates that more than 50% of Kazakhstan's GDP is controlled by a single sovereign-wealth fund, Samruk-Kazyna, which was once led by Mr Nazarbayev's son-in-law. There are no doubts the president wields enormous power over the fund. But what happens to this $103 billion piggy-bank when Mr Nazarbayev goes? Without the Leader of the Nation to arbitrate, could it, like the Soviet Union's prized industrial assets in the early 1990s, enrich a cabal of officials rather than the country itself? Absent any institutions that would outlast Mr Nazarbayev's rule, that is an open question.