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Documenting Wind Speed and Power Deficits behind a Utility-Scale Wind Turbine
Brian D. Hirth
John L. Schroeder
High-spatial-and-temporal-resolution radial velocity measurements surrounding a single utility-scale wind turbine were collected using the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile research radars. The measurements were synthesized to construct the first known dual-Doppler analyses of the mean structure and variability of a single turbine wake. The observations revealed a wake length that subjectively exceeded 20 rotor diameters, which far exceeds the typically employed turbine spacing of 7–10 rotor diameters. The mean horizontal wind speed deficits found within the turbine wake region relative to the free streamflow were related to potential reductions in the available power for a downwind turbine. Mean wind speed reductions of 17.4% (14.8%) were found at 7 (10) rotor diameters downwind, corresponding to a potential power output reduction of 43.6% (38.2%). The wind speed deficits found within the wake also exhibit large variability over short time intervals; this variability would have an appreciable impact on the inflow of a downstream turbine. The full understanding and application of these newly collected data have the potential to alter current wind-farm design and layout practices and to affect the cost of energy.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0145.1
Doppler Radar Measurements of Spatial Turbulence Intensity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
James B. Duncan Jr.
Remote sensing instruments that scan have the ability to provide high-resolution spatial measurements of atmospheric boundary layer winds across a region. However, the time required to collect the volume of measurements used to produce this spatial representation of atmospheric winds typically limits the extraction of atmospheric turbulence information using traditional temporal analysis techniques. To overcome this constraint, a spatial turbulence intensity (STI) metric was developed to quantify atmospheric turbulence intensity (TI) through analysis of spatial wind field variability. The methods used to determine STI can be applied throughout the measurement domain to transform the spatially distributed velocity fields to analogous measurement maps of STI. This method enables a comprehensive spatial characterization of atmospheric TI. STI efficacy was examined across a range of wind speeds and atmospheric stability regimes using both single- and dual-Doppler measurements. STI demonstrated the ability to capture rapid fluctuations in TI and was able to discern large-scale TI trends consistent with the early evening transition. The ability to spatially depict atmospheric TI could benefit a variety of research disciplines such as the wind energy industry, where an understanding of wind plant complex flow spatiotemporal variability is limited.
Evaluation of Wind Forecasts and Observation Impacts from Variational and Ensemble Data Assimilation for Wind Energy Applications
Brian C. Ancell
Erin Kashawlic
The U.S. Department of Energy Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP) has recently been completed with the aim of 1) understanding the performance of different mesoscale data assimilation systems for lower-atmospheric wind prediction and 2) determining the observation impacts on wind forecasts within the different assimilation systems. Here an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) was tested against a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) technique. Forecasts lasting 24 hours were produced for a month-long period to determine the day-to-day performance of each system, as well as over 10 individual wind ramp cases. The observation impacts from surface mesonet and profiler/sodar wind observations aloft were also tested in each system for both the month-long run and the ramp forecasts.
It was found that EnKF forecasts verified over a domain including Texas and Oklahoma were better than those of 3DVAR for the month-long experiment throughout the forecast window, presumably from the use of flow-dependent covariances in the EnKF. The assimilation of mesonet data improved both EnKF and 3DVAR early forecasts, but sodar/profiler data showed a degradation (EnKF) or had no effect (3DVAR), with the degradation apparently resulting from a lower-atmospheric wind bias. For the wind ramp forecasts, ensemble averaging appears to overwhelm any improvements flow-dependent assimilation may have on ramp forecasts, leading to better 3DVAR ramp prediction. This suggests that best member techniques within the EnKF may be necessary for improved performance over 3DVAR for forecasts of sharp features such as wind ramps. Observation impacts from mesonet and profiler/sodar observations generally improved EnKF ramp forecasts, but either had little effect on or degraded 3DVAR forecasts.
Monthly Weather Review
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0001.1
High-Resolution Dual-Doppler Analyses of the 29 May 2001 Kress, Texas, Cyclic Supercell
Jeffrey R. Beck
Joshua M. Wurman
On 29 May 2001, Doppler on Wheels radars collected data on a supercell near Kress, Texas. The supercellular storm, cyclic in nature, produced multiple mesocyclones throughout its lifetime. Dual-Doppler syntheses were conducted using a grid spacing of 100 m, resulting in the highest-resolution observational analysis of a cyclic supercell to date. In addition, collection of data from ground-based radar allowed for the analysis of near-ground features irresolvable with airborne radar, providing another advantage over previous studies. The syntheses revealed a number of evolving low-level mesocyclones over the observation period of 900 s. While nontornadic during the synthesis period, the supercell exhibited evidence of strong (vertical vorticity greater than 10−2 s−1) low-level circulation with classic cyclic structure and multiple tornadoes beginning 3600 s later. A comparison between the current results, conceptual models, and previous lower-resolution analyses is presented. A striking similarity exists between the cyclic evolution of the Kress storm during the synthesis time period and other previous cyclic conceptual models. However, differences did exist between the Kress storm and previously studied tornadic storms. Analysis showed that the rear-flank downdraft provided the only surface boundary associated with low-level mesocyclogenesis. Other characteristics, including forward-flank gust front structure and the orientation of low-level horizontal vorticity, also differed. In addition, there was a general lack of surface convergence associated with the forward-flank reflectivity gradient, yet convergence associated with the forward-flank gust front increased with height. Finally, a large component of crosswise horizontal vorticity was found to exist throughout the supercell environment, within both the inflow and outflow. Incorporating these differences, an attempt was made to identify possible mechanisms responsible for the lack of tornadogenesis during the synthesis time period.
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3246.1
Validation of Dual-Doppler Wind Profiles with in situ Anemometry
W. Scott Gunter
Typical methods used to acquire wind profiles from Doppler radar measurements rely on plan position indicator (PPI) scans being performed at multiple elevation angles to utilize the velocity–azimuth display technique or to construct dual-Doppler synthesis. These techniques, as well as those employed by wind profilers, often produce wind profiles that lack the spatial or temporal resolution to resolve finescale features. If two radars perform range–height indicator (RHI) scans (constant azimuth, multiple elevations) along azimuths separated by approximately 90°, then the intersection of the coordinated RHI planes represents a vertical set of points where dual-Doppler wind syntheses are possible and wind speed and direction profiles can be retrieved. This method also allows for the generation of high-resolution wind time histories that can be compared to anemometer time histories. This study focuses on the use of the coordinated RHI scanning strategy by two high-resolution mobile Doppler radars in close proximity to a 200-m instrumented tower. In one of the first high-resolution, long-duration comparisons of dual-Doppler wind synthesis with in situ anemometry, the mean and turbulence states of the wind measured by each platform were compared in varying atmospheric conditions. Examination of mean wind speed and direction profiles in both clear-air (nonprecipitating) and precipitating environments revealed excellent agreement above approximately 50 m. Below this level, dual-Doppler wind speeds were still good but slightly overestimated as compared to the anemometer-measured wind speeds in heavy precipitation. Bulk turbulence parameters were also slightly underestimated by the dual-Doppler syntheses.
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00181.1
GPS Dropwindsonde and WSR-88D Observations of Tropical Cyclone Vertical Wind Profiles and Their Characteristics
Ian M. Giammanco
Mark D. Powell
The characteristics of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles and their associated wind speed peaks below 1.5 km were examined through the use of a large number of GPS dropwindsondes (GPS sondes) and radar-derived velocity–azimuth display (VAD) profiles. Composite wind profiles were generated to document the mean structure of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles and their changes with storm-relative position. Composite profiles were observed to change as the radius decreased inward toward the radius of maximum winds. Profiles also varied between three azimuthal sectors. At landfall, wind profiles exhibited changes with radial distance and differences were observed between those within offshore and onshore flow regimes. The observations support a general reduction in boundary layer depth with decreasing radial distance. Wind profiles with peaks at low altitudes were typically confined to radii less than 60 km, near and radially inward from the radius of maximum winds. Wind speed maxima, when scaled by a layer mean wind, decreased in magnitude as the radius decreased. At landfall, composite profiles showed a distinct low-level wind speed maximum in the eyewall region with significant differences between the onshore and offshore flow regimes.
https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-11-00155.1
Surface Analysis of the Rear-Flank Downdraft Outflow in Two Tornadic Supercells
Christopher C. Weiss
The rear-flank downdraft regions of two tornadic supercells were sampled on 12 June 2004 and 9 June 2005 using four "mobile mesonet" probes. These rear-flank downdraft outflows were sampled employing two different data collection routines; therefore, each case is described from a different perspective. The data samples were examined to identify variations in measured surface equivalent potential temperature, virtual potential temperature, and kinematics. In the 12 June 2004 case, the tornadic circulation was accompanied by small equivalent potential temperature deficits within the rear-flank downdraft outflow early in its life followed by increasing deficits with time. Virtual potential temperature deficits modestly increased through the duration of the sample as well. The 9 June 2005 case was highlighted by heavy precipitation near the tornado itself and relatively small negative, or even positive, equivalent and virtual potential temperature perturbations. Large horizontal variations of surface thermodynamic properties were also noted within several regions of this rear-flank downdraft outflow.
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2285.1
An Observational Study of Hurricane Boundary Layer Small-Scale Coherent Structures
Sylvie Lorsolo
Peter Dodge
Frank Marks Jr.
Data with high temporal and spatial resolution from Hurricanes Isabel (2003) and Frances (2004) were analyzed to provide a detailed study of near-surface linear structures with subkilometer wavelengths of the hurricane boundary layer (HBL). The analysis showed that the features were omnipresent throughout the data collection, displayed a horizontal and vertical coherency, and maintained an average orientation of 7° left of the low-level wind. A unique objective wavelength analysis was conducted, where wavelength was defined as the distance between two wind maxima or minima perpendicular to the features' long axis, and revealed that although wavelengths as large as 1400 m were observed, the majority of the features had wavelengths between 200 and 650 m. The assessed wavelengths differ from those documented in a recent observational study. To evaluate the correlation between the features and the underlying near-surface wind field, time and spectral analyses were completed and ground-relative frequency distributions of the features were retrieved. High-energy regions of the power spectral density (PSD) determined from near-surface data were collocated with the features' ground-relative frequency, illustrating that the features have an influence on the near-surface wind field. The additional energy found in the low-frequency range of the PSDs was previously identified as characteristic of the hurricane surface flow, suggesting that the features are an integral component of the HBL flow.
Research Radar Analyses of the Internal Boundary Layer over Cape Canaveral, Florida, during the Landfall of Hurricane Frances (2004)
Douglas A. Smith
Michael I. Biggerstaff
The structure of the coastal internal boundary layer (IBL) during a landfalling hurricane has important ramifications on operational forecasting, structural design, and poststorm damage assessment. Despite these important issues, the mean IBL structure at the coastline during landfall is poorly understood. Knowledge of the vertical kinematic structure within tropical cyclones over water has improved greatly through aircraft reconnaissance missions and the advent of GPS dropsondes and stepped frequency microwave radiometers. Unfortunately, reconnaissance and research aircraft are limited to overwater missions, resulting in a poor understanding of vertical kinematic structure near the coastal interface, where changes in IBL structure are expected due to changes in surface roughness. Composite single- and dual-Doppler radar observations collected by the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radars during the landfall of Hurricane Frances (2004) are presented. Data analyses from the Cape Canaveral, Florida, region reveal a pronounced IBL throughout the data collection period. As a result, significant variability in the analyzed wind speed and direction are found across and near the coastal interface. IBL height is found to be suppressed when compared to an accepted empirical growth model, while multiple abrupt roughness transitions associated with the Cape Canaveral region contribute to a complex mean IBL structure.
Measuring a Utility-Scale Turbine Wake Using the TTUKa Mobile Research Radars
Jerry G. Guynes
Observations of the wake generated by a single utility-scale turbine and collected by the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile research radars on 27 October 2011 are introduced. Remotely sensed turbine wake observations using lidar technology have proven effective; however, the presented radar capabilities provide a larger observational footprint and greater along-beam resolution than current scanning lidar systems. Plan-position indicator and range–height indicator scanning techniques are utilized to produce various wake analyses. Preliminary analyses confirm radial velocity and wind speed deficits immediately downwind of the turbine hub to be on the order of 50%. This introduction lays the groundwork for more in-depth analyses of wake structure and evolution using the Texas Tech University Ka-band radar systems, including wake meandering and wake-to-wake interaction in large wind park deployments.


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Area comparison tool: where should I buy a property? - Which?
Whether you're buying a home to live in or investing in a buy-to-let, it can be hard deciding on the best area to buy a property in. Even if you already live in the area where you want to buy, it's worth doing your research before committing such a large sum of money.
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Book notice: William Calvin's The Cerebral Symphony
William Calvin, otherwise known as "That guy who talks about throwing a lot", is one of my favorite popularizers of neuroscience. The Cerebral Symphony (1989) is an attempt to explain what it is that makes human consciousness so special. One of my favorite things about Calvin's approach to human consciousness is that, in his view, "The term should capture something of our advanced abilities rather than covering the commonplace" (p. 78). In other words, the primary explanandum of consciousness studies is not the "sensory qualia" we share with nonhuman animals, but rather, our ability for abstract thought, imagination, and "mental time travel". That is, Calvin is trying to explain the more "narratological" aspects of consciousness (to borrow a term from Julian Jaynes, who Calvin cites approvingly on this issue) as opposed to the more sensorimotor aspects. However, being a Darwinian, Calvin doesn't want to necessarily say that capacities that make humans able to narrate and imagine sprung out of evolutionary thin air, so perhaps there are some functional overlaps with other primate species.
The central explanatory tool of the book is what Calvin calls a "Darwin Machine", which is a variant of the "neural darwinism" approach to brain function. Calvin's idea goes something like this: suppose the evolution of the ability of humans to throw (and thus hunt more efficiently) necessitated the development of a "neural sequencer" that plans linear motor patterns. Now imagine you have a massive array of sequencers operating in parallel but generating different "variations on a theme". Calvin's idea is that consciousness is the sequence that best survives based on various selection criteria that change depending on the task at hand. This is in fact very similar to Dennett's notion of "multiple drafts" or "fame in the brain", and I think I first heard of Calvin's book in Dennett's 1991 book Consciousness Explained. To me it sounds like pretty much the same theory, which limits the originality of Dennett's theoretical framework (supposing that Calvin came up with the idea first). Overall, The Cerebral Symphony is an interesting and theoretically insightful account of human consciousness that is solidly grounded in Darwinian thinking (perhaps to a fault). The book is also interspersed with sociological commentary on the scientific community at Woods Hole in Cape Cod Massachusetts, which makes for relatively easy reading.
Filed under Books, Consciousness, Psychology
Tagged as book notice, consciousness, Darwin, evolution, neural darwinism, william calvin
Book notice: Oliver Sacks' Seeing Voices
In Seeing Voices (1989), Sacks delves into the science of Sign language and the Deaf community in general.The Deaf (capital "D") community is different from the population of hearing impaired persons, and signals the presence of a genuine subculture complete with its own unique language, history, challenges, and triumphs. Sacks explores the powerful and complex ways in which language learning impacts cognitive development. Deprived of the chance to learn a language,a child will grow up "dumb" relative to everyone else in regards to the complexity of their conceptual repertoire. Hence, most deaf persons who were considered "dumb" in previous eras were really victims of not having been taught a language, rather than victims of any "general" cognitive impairment. Furthermore, Sacks relates the struggles of hearing parents to choose between teaching them the arduous process of communicating in the hearing world or choosing the easier route of teaching them Sign. The dilemma is that the hearing and speaking skills take years to develop whereas the teaching of Sign is much more intuitive and happens faster, allowing for an expansion of vocabulary at a young age to provide a cognitive scaffold upon which to build more complicated conceptual schemes. The hearing and talking route takes longer and risks missing "critical periods" of development. Sacks was writing before the development and refinement of cochlear implants, which have only complicated the debate between the relative trade-offs of immersing oneself in the Deaf community with ASL or reaching out to the hearing world.
Sacks also explores the question of whether and to what extent "thinking" is possible independently of language. His conclusions are rather tentative because reports from late language learners is sometimes confounded by their developing "proto-linguistic" systems on their own. Thus, it's difficult to know how to analyze the famous report of Theophilus d'Estrella that prior to learning a language he was able to formulate thoughts such as "the briny sea is the urine of a great Sea-God'. This report is interesting, but is confounded by the fact that he had devised "home-sign" from earliest childhood. Moreover, given the retrospective nature of the report and the limited sample of one, it's difficult to verify that his memory of his pre-language days wasn't contaminated by conceptual structures learned later. However, given the likelihood that "supernatural" thinking is hardwired, it wouldn't surprise me that some capacity for abstract thinking is possible prior to language learning provided it is restricted to religious domains. In general though, Sacks concludes that learning a language profoundly impacts cognition and makes many of the uniquely human conceptual capacities possible, particularly the step in which a child learns that everything has a name.
Sacks' book is rich with observations and insights into the Deaf community, as well as the interesting nature of Sign language itself, especially ASL. For a long time it was thought that ASL was not a real language, but merely "idiographic" and parasitic on English grammar. However, research by William Stokoe in the late 1950's demonstrated that Sign languages have a complex "spatialized" grammar and are complete languages. All in all, Seeing Voices is one of the most interesting of Sacks' books and well-worth reading if you are at all interested in the interplay between language and thought during child development.
Filed under Books, Psychology
Tagged as Deaf, development, language
Quote of the day 9-17-12, "Are neurons input-output devices?"
"What you've got to realize is that every cell in the nervous system is not just sitting there waiting to be told what to do. It's doing it the whole darn time. If there's input to the nervous system, fine. It will react to it. But the nervous system is primarily a device for generating action spontaneously. It's an ongoing affair. The biggest mistake that people make is in thinking of it as an input-output device." ~ Graham Hoyle, quoted in William Calvin's The Cerebral Symphony (p. 214)
Filed under Psychology
Tagged as neuroscience
Book notice: Lancelot Whyte's The Unconscious Before Freud
[Editorial note: "Book notices" will be a new type of post on this blog where I give brief summaries of books I have recently read]
Whyte convincingly argues for the thesis that "the general conception of unconscious mental processes was conceivable (in post-Cartesian Europe) around 1700, topical around 1800, and fashionable around 1870-1880." Whyte's aim is to show that, contrary to popular opinion, Freud did not "invent" the concept of the unconscious. In fact, the concept had been percolating in the general intellectual atmosphere for quite some time prior to Freud. Whyte employs a heavy battery of quotations from a diverse array of sources, most of the whom I had never heard of before. Although Whyte's own understanding of psychology is rather dated and has a lighter significance compared to those he is quoting, his historical scholarship is top notch and surely represents a significant amount of time scouring libraries, a feat even more impressive given Whyte published the book in 1960 well before the advent of internet research.
Tagged as book notice, consciousness, history of ideas, unconscious
Book review: John Geiger's The Third Man Factor: Surviving the Impossible
Have you ever wondered where the archetype of a "guardian angel", "vision guide", "helper", or "Third Man" comes from? Why, in extreme survival situations, is it common for people to report the experience of a "presence" assisting them? John Geiger's book The Third Man Factor is a comprehensive compilation of reports from mountaineers, explorers, sailors, adventurers, divers, and other persons faced with death in extreme survival situations who all report strangely similar accounts of a "presence" helping, comforting, motivating, or advising them, a phenomenon often dubbed the "Third Man Factor" from Ernest Shackleton's famous report that during his harrowing travels in polar regions "it seemed to me often that we were four not three". It's call the "Third Man" factor not the "Fourth Man" factor because T.S. Eliot thought a trio was more poetic when he channel's Shackleton's story:
Who is the third who walks always besides you?
When I count, there are only you and I together
But when I looked ahead up the white road
There is always another one walking beside you.
Gliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hooded
I do not know whether a man or woman
– But who is that on the other side of you?
The Third Man Factor is one of the most riveting books I have ever read. This is not only because of the nature of the extreme survival tales but because the Third Man factor is one of the most interesting psychological phenomena ever recorded. Allow me to quote some first-hand descriptions of the Third Man factor:
"It was something I couldn't see but it was a physical presence. It told me what to do. The only decision I had made at that point in time was to lie down next to Rick and to fall asleep and to accept death. That's the only decision I made. All decisions made subsequent to that were made by the presence. I was merely taking instructions…I understood what it wanted me to do. It wanted me to live."
"It seemed to me that this 'presence' was a strong, helpful and friendly one, and it was not until Camp VI was sighted that the link connecting me, as it seemed at the time to the beyond, was snapped."
"Then all at once I became aware of something new and strange, a consciousness of a 'presence', a feeling that I was not alone."
"I could feel his invisible presence sitting there comfortingly beside me in that lonely little raft lost so hopelessly in the vast Atlantic."
"Two hours later, he was awoken with a start by a stern voice: 'Get up. It's your turn at the helm.'"
"I didn't pray, and I'm not a religious man usually, but for the whole voyage I'd had the strange feeling that someone else was with me, watching over me, and keeping me safe from harm."
"…a strange sensation as if someone were in the boat with me. How can I explain it –not a mystical experience, just a calm feeling of assurance that someone was there helping and sharing tasks. Looking back, I do not feel that my mind became deranged — I was just quite certain that I was not alone."
"It was then that he became acutely aware of a presence with him. Venables felt that it was an older person: 'I never identified him, but this alter ego was to accompany me on and off for the rest of that day, sometimes comforting me and advising me, sometimes seeking my support."
"I don't often talk about my companion watcher these days…After the Breach when I first spoke of him to people, they reacted quite predictably: "What an imagination!"…At first I persisted in my stand: 'He was real. There in the flesh or at least in some concrete form I could see.' Now I know this and say this to you: He was there and as real as you or I."
"I've never believed in apparitions, but how can I explain the forms I carried with me through so many hours of this day? Transparent forms in human outline – voices that spoke with authority and clearness."
Clearly this is a very real psychological phenomena. I see no reason to believe that these reports are somehow getting the phenomenology wrong. What interests me is how the Third Man factor is closely intertwined with religious history. For ages, religious persons have reported experiences of "guardian angels" assisting them or comforting them. Almost all primitive cultures believe in various spirits or ephemeral beings, and the concept of seeking out such beings on "vision quests" is quite familiar. I think atheists and skeptics can learn a lot about the epistemology of religious belief from understanding the Third Man factor. Many atheists assume that believers are irrational in using "mere subjective experience" to argue for the rationality of their belief in supernatural phenomena. Arguably, it is less rational in today's modern scientific society with ample brain-based explanations, but to understand the persistence and appeal of religion in modern times we have to understand its origins in prescientific eras. I see no reason to think that the Third Man factor is a modern phenomena. Likely it has a hardwired biological underpinning that would have been present in humans long before we knew anything about how the brain works. Consider this telling quote from the book:
"Once again I became aware of what I can only describe as a Presence, which filled me with an exaltation beyond all earthly feeling. As it passed, I walked back to the ship, I felt wholly convinced that no agnostic, no skeptic, no atheist, no humanist, no doubter, would ever take from me the certainty of the existence of God."
How can you argue against that? You can't really. Now imagine the epistemic situation prior to the invention of brain science. If you experienced a Third Man, then you would be quite rational in explaining that experience in terms of your local cultural narrative whether Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or animism. For Christians, they would have explained it in terms of the Biblical concept of an angel. For some Christians, the Third Man could also take the form of Jesus or God himself rather than just a "lower" entity like an angel (or demon). From an epistemological perspective, the Third Man factor is extremely interesting. It explains why many believers are "certain" that God exists and that nothing could ever change their minds: they have experienced the Third Man. I have no doubt the Third Man factor is also at play in alien abduction experiences.
Of course, there is a perfectly rational explanation for such phenomena if you accept the findings of modern neuroscience and philosophical naturalism. As Geiger discusses several times, one of the most promising theories to explain the Third Man is Julian Jaynes' theory of bicameralism. On the basis of multiple sources of evidence, Jaynes argues that at the dawn of history, humans had a much lower stress threshold to trigger hallucinations. Moreover, he argues (convincingly, imo) that such hallucinations could have had an adaptive function reinforced by natural selection. Such "hallucinatory control" is a type of decision making that manifests psychologically in the form of hallucinations, particularly of authoritative voices giving commands. Jaynes argues that command hallucinations allow for a novel form of self-stimulation and self-regulation (I can't prove it, but I suspect this is where Dennett got his own ideas about self-stimulation from in Consciousness Explained, albeit stripped of the hallucination aspect). Such self-stimulations replaced the promptings by others (e.g. leaders) that would have triggered stereotyped behavioral patterns. By prompting oneself internally, humans would have been able to engage in more complex, "time-delayed" behaviors in the absence of verbal promptings by others. As Jaynes says,
Let us consider a man commanded by himself or his chief to set up a fish weir upstream from a campsite. If he is not conscious, and cannot therefore narratizethe situation and so hold his analog " I " in a spatialized time with its consequences fully imagined, how does he do it? It is only language, I think, that can keep him at this time-consuming all-afternoon work. A Middle Pleistocene man would forget what he was doing. But lingual man would have language to remind him, either repeated by himself, which would require a type of volition which I do not think he was capable of, or, as seems more likely, by a repeated ' internal ' verbal hallucination telling him what to do. (Jaynes, 1976, p. 134)
This might sound implausible, but consider the jury-rigging or "klugeish" nature of evolutionary tinkering. Evolution could have taken a preexisting language system and redeployed it to be used to issue commands, not externally with a voice, but internally to oneself. Such "promptings" could act as a jury-rigged memory buffer system. With such machinery in place, humans would have been able to achieve feats of complex culture building. Religious narratives would have co-evolved along with the expansion of this self-stimulation system, giving birth to modern religious concepts.
We already have good "proximal" explanations of the Third Man in terms of brain science. But what we lacked, and what Jaynes offers, is an "ultimate" explanation of the Third Man, one that gives an evolutionary story in adaptationist language. Whether or not Jaynes' theory of bicameralism is fully corroborated in all its minute details (to the extent that it can given its historical hypotheses), I believe Geiger's brilliant and compelling book is just another piece of evidence in support of Jaynesian ideas. On the theory of bicameralism, the Third Man is a vestigial remnant of a preexisting system of behavioral self-stimulation that used internally generated hallucinations as a way to transfer linguistic information to other, "encapsulated" areas of the brain.
If you are interested, Geiger has setup an online forum for people across the world to share stories of their own Third Man experience. Check it out:
http://thirdmanfactor.igloocommunities.com/forums
Tagged as bicameral theory, bicameralism, hallucination, Julian Jaynes, religion, Third Man factor
Book review: Giulio Tononi's Phi: A Voyage from the Brain to the Soul
Phi is easily the most unusual book on consciousness I have read in awhile. It's hard to describe, but Tononi makes his case for "integrated information" using poetry, art, metaphor, and fiction. Each chapter is a fictional vignette or dialogue between characters inspired by famous scientists like Galileo, Darwin, or Francis Crick. At the end of every chapter is a "note" written in normal academic language explaining the context of the stories. On just about every page there are huge full-color glossy pictures of famous art. The book is simply beautiful as a physical object in an attempt, I suspect, to convince qualiaphiles that Tononi is "one of them".
The theory of integrated information itself, however, is less appealing. Here is how integrated information is defined:
Integrated information measures how much can be distinguished by the whole above and beyond its parts, and is its symbol. A complex is where reaches its maximum, and therein lives one consciousness- a single entity of experience.
And with that Tononi hopes the "hard" problem of consciousness is solved. However, the intellectual weight of Phi rests on a thought experiment involving a photodiode. A photodiode discriminates between light and no light. But does the photodiode see the light? Does it experience the light? Most people would think no. But the photodiode does integrate information (1 bit to be precise) and therefore, according to the theory of integrated information, has some experience, however dim. The theory of integrated information is therefore a modern form of panpsychism based on the informational axiom of "it from bit". For obvious reasons Tononi downplays the panpsychist implications of his theory, but he does admit it. Consider this quote:
"Compared to [a camera], even a photodiode is richer, it owns a wisp of consciousness, the dimmest of experiences, one bit, because each of its states is one of two, not one of trillions" (p. 162)
The reason the camera is not rich is because it can be broken down into a million individual photodiodes. According to Tononi, the reason why the camera has a low level of compared to a brain is that the brain integrates information between all its specialized processors and the camera does not. But nevertheless, each photodiode has a "wisp of consciousness".
Tononi also uses a thought experiment involving a "qualiascope", a hypothetical device that measures integrated information and can therefore be used to detect consciousness in the world around us. In the vignettes, Tononi writes that when you use the qualiascope:
"'You'll look in vain at rocks and rivers, clouds and mountains,' said the old woman. 'The highest peak is small when you compare it to the tiny moth'" (p. 222).
This is how he downplays his panpsychism. Notice how he doesn't say that rocks and clouds altogether lack consciousness. It's just that their "highest peak" of is low compared to a moth. The important part however is that the of rocks and clouds is low but not nonexistent.
Why is this important? Because Tononi wants to have his cake and eat it too. To see why just look at some of his chapter subtitles:
Chapter 3 "In which is shown that the corticothalamic system generates consciousness"
Chapter 4 "In which is shown that the cerebellum, while having more neurons than the cerebrum, does not generate consciousness."
This is because Tononi admires the Neural Correlates of Consciousness methodology founded by none other than Francis Crick, who has a strong intellectual presence throughout the book. According to most NCC approaches, consciousness seems to depend on "corticothamalic" loops and not just specialized processors alone (like the cerebellum).This finding comes from research correlating behavioral reports of consciousness with activity of the brain. When most people report being conscious, higher-order system loops are activated. And in monkey experiments the "report" is a judgement about whether they see a stimulus, which can be made by pressing a lever. What they find in the NCC approach is that consciousness seems to depend on more than just specialized processors operating alone. It requires a kind of globalized network of communicating modules to "generate" consciousness.
It should now be plain as day why Tononi is inconsistent in trying to have his cake and eat it too. If a lowly inorganic photodiode has a "wisp of consciousness", then clearly, by any standard, a single neuron also has a wisp of consciousness, as well as the entire cerebellum. Tononi acknowledges this:
"Perhaps a whiff of consciousness still breathes inside your sleeping brain but is so feeble that with discretion it makes itself unnoticed. Perhaps inside your brain asleep the repertoire is so reduced that it's no richer than in a waking ant, or not by much. Your sleeping would be much less than when your brain is fast awake, but still not nil" (p. 275).
"Early on, an embryo's consciousness – the value of its – may be less than a fly's. The shapes of its qualia will be less formed than its unformed body, and less human than that: featureless, undistinguished, undifferentiated lumps that do not bear the shape of sight and sound and smell" (p. 281)
" may be low for individual neurons" (p. 344)
But if a single neuron has a wisp of consciousness, then clearly consciousness is not "generated" by the corticothalamic system. It is instead a fundamental property of matter itself. It from bit. What Tononi means to say with his chapter subtitles is that "The corticothalamic system generates the right amount of to make consciousness interesting and precious to humans". The difference between the photodiode and the corticothalamic system is a difference of degree. The corticothalamic system has a high enough level such that it makes an interesting difference to human experience such that we can report or notice it, distinguishing coma patients (very low ) from awake alert adults (very high ).
But now there is an interesting tension in Tononi's theory. If there is a low but nonnegligible amount of in a human embryo, Tononi's theory must now figure out how to make a cut-off point between the lowest amount of we actually care about so we can figure out when to stop giving people abortions. Until Tononi answers that question, his "solution" to the hard problem of consciousness is fairly disappointing. He came up with this notion of integrated information to explain qualia, but now we are faced with the difficult question of "How much is necessary for us to care about?" Clearly no one really cares about the "wisp of consciousness" in a photodiode. So having solved the "hard" problem of qualia, Tononi just creates an equally difficult problem: how to figure out the amount of worth caring about from a moral perspective. And he plainly admits he hasn't solved these problems.
But for me this is a huge problem. You can't have your cake and eat it to if you are a panpsychist. You can't say that photodiodes are conscious but then say the only interesting consciousness is that of corticothalamic systems. This seems rather ad hoc to me; a solution meant to fit into prexisting research trends. If you are a panpsychist you should embrace the radical conclusion. According to theory, Consciousness is everywhere. It is not "generated" in the brain. It only reaches a high level of in the brain. And if that's the case, then the entire methodology of NCC is mistaken. NCC is not a true NCC but rather the "Neural Correlates of the Amount of Consciousness Humans Actually Care About".
Overall conclusion: Phi is an interesting book and worth borrowing from the library. But I wouldn't say it adequately solves the hard problem of consciousness. Not even close. What it does is arbitrarily stipulate criteria for pointing out consciousness in nonhuman entities. But Tononi never makes a real argument beyond appeals to intuition for why we should accept a definition of consciousness such that the ascriptions come out with photodiodes having a "wisp" of consciousness. I think most people will want to define stipulation criteria such that the ascriptions come out with only biological creatures having consciousness. Panpsychism is just too radical for most. So while I applaud Tononi for exploring this ancient idea from a modern perspective, I ultimately think that when people truly understand that Tononi is a panpsychist they will be less attracted to it despite its close relationship to Francis Crick and the wildly popular NCC approach.
Filed under Consciousness, Philosophy, Psychology
Tagged as consciousness, Francis Crick, Giulio Tononi, Integrated Information, Neural Correlates of Consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, qualia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The centerpiece of the property is a French-style chateau, designed by Hamden W. McIntyre and built in 1885 as part of Hedgeside Winery. McIntyre, an expert in gravity-flow winery design, is responsible for several other local wineries, including the impressive grandeur of Inglenook, Greystone, Trefethen, and Chateau Montelena — all Napa Valley landmarks that still endure.
After fully restoring the historic stone distillery building, the tasting salon opened its doors once again in 2013. The Whetstone Wine Cellar's 19th century chateau is now a full- time winery tasting salon that is a beacon for entertaining. Whetstone guests step back in time, where lively conversation, attention to detail, where understated hospitality rule the day.
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The Kurzweil PC3 series keyboards introduced some major developments in synthesizer technology, with their anti-aliasing VA oscillators, improved KB3 mode, amazing sound sets, 16 independent riffs and arpeggiators, powerful song and QA modes, sampling, unparalleled MIDI control, and more. If you're a long-time Kurzweil fan, however, you may have missed those wonderful sample libraries you've built up over the years. The PC3K7 changes everything! This revolutionary new keyboard combines all of the hard-hitting PC3 features, plus K 2/25/26 series .K file sample library compatibility, which opens the door to some of the greatest sound sets ever created.
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Saturday morning, I readied the girls and headed to the grocery store. Of all of the errands I run, grocery shopping ties with getting gas as something I wish I could pay someone else to handle.
My regular store recently rearranged everything, and I have yet to get my bearings. Add to that the fact that I accidentally deleted my list, and grocery shopping temporarily clinches the No.1 spot on my list of least-favorite things to do.
My eldest, however loves it. So I try to keep a chipper attitude as we wander the aisles. I waited patiently as Mini Me studied the Pop-Tarts while Lil Ma tried to eat a raisins box (not to be confused with a box of raisins).
Even with a couple of back tracks, we made it through the store in about 20 minutes and found a cashier with no line.
Our cart wasn't overflowing, but things never fit back into it once they're bagged. I asked Mini Me to get another cart.
I sighed. "Yes, but I can see you." Mini didn't look convinced.
"You can have mine." A voice from behind me said. I turned and saw an older gentleman. He was medium build with dark brown skin and a gentle expression. Most of his face was covered by a trucker's hat and those oversized frames that grandpas wear. He had about five items on the conveyor belt.
I thanked him and passed the cart to the bagger. When I turned back to the cashier to pay, he was holding out two one-dollar bills.
He really made my day. I thanked him profusely before heading out the door.
That was the first time that I really understood the impact that a random act of kindness can have. I plan on paying it forward.
Thanks TyLand – It's amazing how the little things mean so much.
Great story. I love how everyday errands turn into acts of kindness.


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Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater grew from a now-fabled New York City performance in March 1958. Led by Alvin Ailey and a group of young African-American modern dancers, that performance forever changed the perception of American dance.
Since then, the Ailey company has gone on to perform for an estimated 25 million people at theatres in 48 states and 71 countries on six continents—as well as millions more through television broadcasts, film screenings, and online platforms.


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Migs Blog: Worst Cover Band Ever!
Ever been in a rut? Feel like the whole world is collapsing on you? Feeling anxious?
Don't worry…I'm not asking these questions to get you to purchase some magic pill or join some scientology-like religion.
I ask this because I certainly have those moments as well. More often than not I have no idea why I am feeling that way…but I have found something that helps get my mind right.
Watching bands do awful covers of popular songs.
I think it instantly reminded me of some terrible musical moments in my drumming "career", and the struggle of powering through a song when it's going south… fast!
This also reminded me of my all time favorite cover of a song…and it's a band covering Pink Floyd. This one is not as chaotic as the Rage cover, but magical in its own way.
I am so glad that cell phone video cameras and You Tube didn't exist when I was a kid playing in a band, and doing covers…we would have been You Tube stars if that was the case.


The Walking Dead delivers a shocking twist with its latest Issue.
Warning: Contains spoilers for The Walking Dead Issue 175.
After much anticipation, in Issue 175 of The Walking Dead, we finally got to meet the members of the Commonwealth community.
Naturally, everything did not go according to plan, with the group being held at gunpoint at the end of Issue 173.
Two Issues later we see how these events play out with the group meeting representative of The Commonwealth Lance Hornsby, Negan's skinny twin brother (I am kidding about that last part).
Lance seems like an interesting character and is not afraid to threaten violence, although this comes across more as being cautious than anything else.
Watching the confrontation between Lance and Eugene was very interesting because both had valid reasons for mistrusting each other.
Lance did not trust Eugene's group because of the danger they posed and Eugene did not trust Lance because Stephanie was mysteriously absent from the meeting.
It will be interesting to see how this mistrust plays out in future Issues, especially with the huge twist we just got.
I think this may be the best twist The Walking Dead has given us because it is revealed at the end of the Issue that one of Michonne's daughters is alive and living in The Commonwealth.
Michonne sees a note from her daughter, revealing she is alive.
Michonne mentioned her daughters all the way back in Issue 139 so to see it come up again like this was great.
I can only imagine what the future holds for Michonne and the Commonwealth storyline.
And, what's more, I actually think we may have already seen what a member of Michonne's family looks like.
In Issue 139 Michonne says her children were in the care of her ex-husband.
What if her ex-husband is alive and is the Officer Mercer we see on the recently released cover of Issue 177?
Officer Mercer on the cover of Issue 177. Could he be Michonne's ex-husband?
That would also be an interesting twist and give Michonne even bigger involvement in the story going forward.
Issue 175 was a great issue that did a good job of introducing us to some of the people of The Commonwealth.
I cannot wait to see what happens next, especially after that great twist.
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Pueblos plan commercial development at Santa Fe Indian School
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sfis
Posted: Thursday, June 21, 2012
The 19 Pueblos of New Mexico are planning to use the Santa Fe Indian School for economic development but details are still being worked out.
The tribes began razing part of the campus in preparation for some form of development. But they are seeking a change in federal law in order to allow commercial activities at the site.
"Eventually, it will go into commercial development," Ed Calabaza, a spokesperson for SFIS, told The Albuquerque Journal. "This is by no means a shovel-ready type of project."
In 2000, Congress placed the school in trust for the All Indian Pueblo Council through Public Law 106-568. The law states that the land must be used for "educational, health, or cultural purposes."
H.R.1556, which passed the House by a voice vote on Monday, amends the law to allow the land to be used for "economic development projects" that benefit the school.
The bill does not change a different section of Public Law 106-568 that bars gaming at the site.
Get the Story:
Lawmakers May Change Property Rule for Santa Fe Indian School (The Albuquerque Journal 6/21)
Sen. Bingaman opposes bill for Pueblo economic development (6/20)
House backs bill for economic development on Pueblo trust land (6/19)
House Natural Resources Committee approves five Indian bills (10/06)
City wants more communication for Santa Fe Indian School (6/10)
Indian school official confirms razing of famed amphitheater (6/8)
Facebook group for Indian school amphitheater draws fans (6/1)
New Mexico tribes silent on future of school amphitheater (5/26)
Indian school alumni start campaign to save amphitheater (5/25)
Santa Fe Indian School clears campus of most trees (3/26)
Santa Fe Indian School mum on development rumors (12/3)
City worried about Santa Fe Indian School plans (12/2)
Santa Fe Indian School free to ignore federal laws (9/22)
Santa Fe Indian School to raze more old buildings (09/10)
Santa Fe Indian School still mum on demolition (08/11)
Santa Fe Indian School demolishes buildings (7/30)
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The next 2 weeks will decide. Here's what we know: #1) The Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) 2018 budget asks Congress to lift a ban on destroying healthy mustangs and burros.
3) The Congressional markup to decide if this slaughter provision is included will happen in the next two weeks.
We have two weeks to stop the mass slaughter of America's wild horses. Will you contact your member of Congress right now and tell them #NoHorseSlaughter?
In the next two weeks, our leaders must hear us loud and clear: #NoHorseSlaughter. No way.


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Actively Managed ETFs
Actively Managed Exchange Traded Funds, or Actively Managed ETFs, are cousins of Exchange Traded Funds. They share similar characteristics and are structured in the same manner as traditional, passively managed ETFs. These are a hybrid between passively managed ETFs and actively managed mutual funds; they are structured like the former but indulge in active management like the latter.
Difference between Active and Passive ETF Funds
Active Vs. Passive Management
The only difference is that while passive Exchange Traded Funds are designed to mimic an index focused on equities, fixed income, or is a blend of asset classes, Actively Managed ETFs intend to outperform their index by engaging the services of a portfolio manager.
Deviation in Portfolio Design
Salient Features of Actively Managed ETFs
Advantages of Actively Managed ETFs
Beating Market Returns
Disadvantages of Actively Managed ETFs
Intra Day Volatility
Cost of Investing
Actively Managed ETFs vs. Mutual Funds
Advantages of Active ETFs over Mutual Funds
Cheaper Investing Cost
Examples of Actively Managed ETFs
The manager reserves the authority to deviate from the index by making changes to the security-level or sector-level composition of the portfolio, given his views on markets and asset classes. Usually, the underlying index in Actively Managed ETFs is enhanced or uniquely positioned compared to market benchmarks. In contrast, it is not the case in passively managed ETFs.
The first actively managed ETF in the US was the Bear Stearns Current Yield ETF, launched in March 2008. It does not exist anymore, though.
Also Read: Exchange Traded Funds
Actively Managed ETFs provide the same benefits that Exchange Traded Funds do. They are easily available as they are listed on securities exchanges and can be traded throughout the day via brokerage accounts. They are tax-efficient compared to mutual funds and are transparent. This is because Actively Managed ETFs disclose their holdings every day as they are traded on exchanges.
The place where they score over traditional, passively managed ETFs is active management. In this sense, they act as a go-between passive ETFs and actively managed mutual funds. While assessing the tracking error is vital for a passively managed ETF, this is not the case with Actively Managed ETFs.
For those investors who have already tested the waters of investing via passively managed ETFs, Actively Managed ETFs are a natural next step via which they can look at beating market returns.
But even after these advantages, Actively Managed ETFs are not free of flaws.
Active management involves making bets on securities based on the fund management team's view. But there are no guarantees that those views will result in benchmark index-beating results. Therefore, the risk is high. With passively managed Exchange Traded Funds, one is at least certain of benchmark returns minus the costs.
Also Read: Active vs Passive Portfolio Management
Pricing can also be a disadvantage. Though Actively Managed ETFs usually score over mutual funds because of their dynamic pricing, there can be situations during intra-day adverse market movement that an investor who intends to liquidate his holding may need to do so at a large discount to the Net Asset Value (NAV), which would not be the case with a mutual fund as all transactions are done at the NAV.
It is to be noted that while Actively Managed ETFs share the features of passively managed ETFs, they may be more expensive than the latter because the services of an investment team also act as an overhead, thus leading to an increase in cost.
Some of the properties of Actively Managed ETFs will be best elucidated once they are compared to that of actively managed mutual funds.
Actively Managed ETFs as a product can be considered in-between passively managed ETFs and actively managed mutual funds. They provide the flexibility and ease of trade of the former while opening up the possibility of greater than index returns offered by the latter. To put it plainly, they are a hybrid between the two popular investment vehicles and management styles.
The intention of outperformance is what makes Actively Managed ETFs different from passively managed ETFs as far as investment philosophy is concerned. On the other hand, this property makes it comparable to a mutual fund.
There are some aspects, though, in which Actively Managed ETFs score over actively managed mutual funds. One of them is the cost. While Actively Managed ETFs, for the most part, are more expensive than passively managed ETFs due to active management services, they come out to be cheaper than most actively managed mutual funds because of the cost-benefit properties associated with ETFs specifically fund administration-related costs. When transacting with a mutual fund issuer, there are commission and record-keeping costs involved; these are absent from ETFs as they trade like any other exchange-listed security.
Also, Actively Managed ETFs are more transparent than actively managed mutual funds because they need to disclose their holdings on a daily basis, while mutual funds can do so once a quarter. Further, Actively Managed ETFs are more dynamic as they are priced throughout the day, while mutual funds are priced once a day.
While investing in any exchange-traded product, it is important to look at the size and the trading volume of the fund; otherwise, liquidity issues can be faced.
Fixed income funds dominate the Actively Managed ETFs space, with 8 of the top 10 largest funds investing in that asset class.
The largest Actively Managed ETF is the PIMCO Enhanced Short Maturity Active Exchange-Traded Fund (MINT), which has over $8 billion in assets. A distant second is the SPDR DoubleLine Total Return Tactical ETF (TOTL) with $3.5 billion in assets, followed by the First Trust Preferred Securities and Income ETF (FPE) with $3.4 billion in assets.
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Tag: synagogue
Prosecutor: Synagogue Attacks Suspect Eyed Local School for 'Project Anarchy'
CSI | March 25, 2012	| 0 Comments
The 19-year-old New Brunswick man charged in connection with a series of anti-Semitic attacks on North Jersey synagogues had a blueprint of a Camden County school marked for another attack and labeled "Project Anarchy," according to a report on NorthJersey.com. The school, John F. Kennedy Memorial Elementary School, is in West Berlin, Bergen County Prosecutor […]
Deadly attack on Jewish school prompts NYPD to beef up patrols at synagogues, other sites
NEW YORK — The NYPD has stepped up security at synagogues and other sites around the city in the wake of a deadly attack on a Jewish school in France in which three children and a rabbi were murdered by a gunman who opened fire on a motorbike. Paul Browne, a spokesman for the NYPD, […]
'Jews around world under growing terror threat'
Former Counterterrorism Bureau chief tells 'Post' that jihadist organizations seeking to attack Israeli, Jewish targets overseas. Israelis and Jews around the world are under a growing threat from Islamic terrorists and need to demand that local authorities provide better security, former Counterterrorism Bureau chief Brig.-Gen. (res) Nitzan Nuriel said Monday, hours after a gunman killed […]
Four killed in shooting at Jewish school in France
Latest updates: France opens terrorism probe into shootings French police close off every street with Jewish institution in country Sarkozy and Hollande suspend campaigning efforts Four people were killed and another seriously wounded in a shooting at a Jewish high school in the southern French city of Toulouse, French media reported on Monday. The shooting […]
Woman quizzed over 'synagogue plot'
A woman arrested under terror laws is being questioned as part of a wider investigation into an alleged "super-secret" Facebook plot to blow up an Italian synagogue. The 40-year-old suspect was held in a pre-dawn swoop on her south London home in relation to extremist material posted online. Italian police said she may have been […]
Second suspect in Hacknesack synagogue vandalism pleads not guilty
The second suspect allegedly involved in spray-painting anti-Semitic and white supremacist graffiti at a Hackensack synagogue in December, as well as other local bias attacks, pleaded not guilty on March 5 to numerous charges filed against him. Aakash Dalal, 19, of New Brunswick and formerly of Lodi, pleaded not guilty to aggravated arson, bias intimidation, […]
Italy arrests man over Milan synagogue 'plot'
A man aged 20 has been arrested in northern Italy on suspicion of plotting an attack on a synagogue in Milan. The suspect, described as Moroccan-born, was said to have had details of the synagogue and plans for an attack on his computer. Police in London said a 40-year-old woman was also arrested on suspicion […]
Congress cuts security funds for synogogues
State Assemblyman Rory Lancman (D-Fresh Meadows) took Congress to task this week for cutting funding to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security that goes toward beefing up security at Queens synagogues and other nonprofits at risk for terrorist attacks. Lancman spoke outside of the Israel Center for Conservative Judaism, on 73rd Avenue in Electchester. "I […]
Vandalism won't stop Folsom synagogue
A recent act of vandalism won't stop a local synagogue from practicing their faith. According to Rabbi Yossi Grossbaum, executive director at the Chabad Jewish Community Center, someone threw a large rock through the side window so hard that it hit an arc and cracked one of its doors inside the center at 302 South […]
Toronto Jewish community starts security patrol system to combat hate crimes
With Toronto's Jews routinely identified as one of the city's most victimized racial or ethnic groups, the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs plans to form a bold new citizen security system aimed at curtailing hate crimes in the community. Called the Community Security Network, the pilot project will train at least 25 unarmed volunteers […]
The Iranian threat hits home
Amid analysis of the Iranian nuclear threat and how America should respond on a national level, recent attacks on Israeli embassies in India and Georgia has Jewish institutions asking a question that is much closer to home: Does Iran pose a local terror threat? "Homeland security really starts as security in the neighborhood," Paul Goldenberg, […]
It's A Mitzvah! NY1 Viewer Helps Police Recover Stolen Synagogue Items
CSI | March 4, 2012	| 0 Comments
Devout NY1 viewer Janet Medina says it was a good thing she was watching the newschannel Tuesday morning when NY1 aired a story about religious artifacts stolen from a synagogue in Kew Gardens. "I was like – 'Oh my God, I've seen those items," she recalled Friday. Medina saw them last week when she was […]
Bergen County temple bombing suspect Aakash Dalal accused of plotting, encouraging friend's attacks
HACKENSACK — Nineteen year old Aakash Dalal was the brains behind a string of attacks that terrorized the Bergen County Jewish community between December and January, police alleged on Friday. Aakash Dalal, a Lodi resident and student at Rutgers University, is the second man arrested in connection to the attacks, which began as petty vandalism […]
Man charged in Worcester synagogue theft
WORCESTER — A city man pleaded not guilty yesterday to charges of stealing tens of thousands of dollars worth of religious artifacts from a local synagogue where he worked and pawning the items. Donald E. Spencer, 29, of 42 Stebbins St., was indicted Friday on 10 counts of larceny over $250 and four counts of […]
Metal thieves cause gas leak after raiding Westcliff synagogue
CSI | February 19, 2012	| 0 Comments
THIEVES risked causing an explosion at a synagogue when they stole copper piping. Crooks ripped the metal down from Southend and District Reform Synagogue, causing gas to escape into the street for about ten hours. They then carried the ten feet of piping away in full view of passing traffic in London Road, Westcliff. Luckily […]


hello readers =) yikes it's been over 3 months since the original post but i'm pleased to report that a rez zone has been installed and indicated on the map with a star. i submitted a case (which is under review at the time of this post) to rez a suburban area, like Nova Albion has Shermerville, and although i don't wish for the world or am getting my hopes up about it...i've got my fingers crossed heheh. i'm also glad to report that our/the city is at full resident occupancy now so hopefully we can revive the street and city naming project and start doing more community activities. oh last thing to report, subject to Michael Linden's schedule, he has agreed to attend an inworld ceremony (in the city) to unveil a small plaque commerating the TSL and Main grid merge. perhaps i could setup some land requesting resident involvment to create the content..i'm still working on the wording for plaque though..thoughts?
/me nods at Qie Although I pondered the thought of a TSL continent community, which would include the city, it was not my intention of saying 'hey - over here, come visit..' to boost land prices (even though I think L$25 per sqm for 2x prim land is viable), but with the aspect of generating further resident awareness and hopefully to achieve a virtual community/neighbourhood experience not only with Resident input but also with Linden interaction, similar to the days of old..well what I've heard. Personally I see Nova Albion as the big sister city (not the gatekeepers of Rapture type) and whilst our small community develops, believe we can learn from the original City Community and its Residents.
Thanks Yevad and if you could link your suggestions to the above map colours, we can include it in the final votes.
Thanks for the clarification Baloo and although we are aware of the Sansara continent names, can the same name apply to a different continent?


In keeping with ancient Chinese Medicine traditions, Michelle is committed to encouraging wellness by providing treatments that help the body naturally rebalance and heal itself. Her understanding of and passion for living in harmony with nature constitutes a strong seasonal approach to her work. That approach enables the body to thrive during seasonal transitions and helps prevent future disharmonies.
Common Western pathologies Michelle treats with Chinese medicine include fertility imbalances, autoimmune diseases, obesity, insomnia, IBS, cancer, allergies, pain management, detoxification, emotional/physical trauma, and more.
Michelle also uses essential oils to enrich her treatments. She has studied the oils for more than a decade and has completed extensive study with Peter Holmes, founder of Snow Lotus essential oils. She finds that most patients connect deeply with the oils, gain more confidence and control over self-healing, and quickly build their home apothecary to care for themselves (and their families) outside of her treatment room.
Michelle's enthusiasm and warm connection with patients builds rapport and a trusting patient-practitioner relationship. She encourages patient involvement and education to promote the empowerment, awareness, and motivation needed to make healthy lifestyle choices. She believes healing begins with a conscious, mindful effort, as well as patients taking control of and responsibility for their own healing.
Over the past several years, Michelle has been honored to work with the integrative team at the Raby Institute and build upon her Chinese Medicine foundation. Merging Eastern and Western medicine has opened up a world of healing possibilities for herself and patients alike. Functional medicine seminars, detoxification programs, fertility trainings, and metabolic makeover sessions only scratch the surface of experiences and exposure she has had at the Raby Institute.
Michelle is NCCAOM Certified and a member of the American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine and the Illinois Association of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine.
In addition to individual treatments, Michelle teaches essential oils classes at the Raby Institute and runs the Detox Program with Naturopathic Doctor, Kathy Chavez.
To schedule an appointment with Michelle Goebel Angel, please call (312) 276-1212.
Learn more about Michelle's accepted insurances (Click here for PDF).
"Dr. Raby is warm, competent, very human and very passionate. She stands behind her word and is accountable and reliable."


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Q: popup window dismiss android I am using popup window and it is working good. There is list view in pop window and i am using it as pw.showAsDropDown(anchorView);
Where pw is PopupWindow and anchorView is the view, pop up will come underneath like a menu.
Now the strange problem is, i am not getting my suitable place/view, by pressing the place/view i can dismiss the pop up window.
pw.setOutsideTouchable(true) only works when pw.setFocusable(false), but in this case list view unable to listen onItemClickListener on item list.
Even back key doesn't listen when pop up window is visible.
Can any body please help me out?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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They're classy but not stuffy. They go great in my hallway & eclectic decor.
I plan to add them to the chandelier so add a softer touch. Hope they work out!!!
shades are for 60 watt bulbs?
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Do you have any that will work with a harp fitter?
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used on a small chandelier.
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International Rescue Committee Senior Technical Advisor, Participation & Women's Movement Building Jobs in Kenya
Over the past 16 years, IRC has pioneered and implemented programs that prevent and respond to violence against women and children, as well as other vulnerable groups in refugee settings and in other conflict-affected contexts, making the IRC a global leader in this field.
IRC presently implements VPR programs in 26 countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America, with funding from governments, the UN, foundations, and private donors.
As a Senior Technical Advisor (STA) within the Violence Prevention and Response Technical Unit (VPRU), you will oversee a team focused on advancing participation and inclusion of children, adolescents and women, and women's movement building.
This includes working with Child Protection and Protection/Rule of Law technical teams to identify opportunities to advance women's participation and leadership in those specializations, such as within access to justice efforts, women's peacebuilding efforts, and community-based protection work.
You will work in close partnership with the STA for Risk Mitigation and Inclusion to build out a strategy around VPRU's leadership on participation, inclusion and localization, and to support business development in these inter-connected areas, with the long-term view of bringing this work under one coherent umbrella within VPRU.
As a member of the Technical Innovations and Emergency Response (TIER) Team, you will collaborate with the TIER Deputy Director and Senior Technical Advisors across VPRU to ensure resource and information sharing, informed business planning, adequate uptake and dissemination of all resources developed and facilitation of coordination across teams as needed.
Your specific portfolio currently includes projects aimed at promoting locally-led programs that are inclusive of diverse women and girls, and at pushing forward innovative approaches to women and girls' participation and accountability in humanitarian settings.
You will be responsible for ensuring the timely implementation, coordination and adherence to high technical standards of work within projects that sit within this portfolio.
As the STA for Participation and Women's Movement Building you will provide direct supervision to the technical specialist leading on the Building Local, Thinking Global project.
You will travel up to 35% time to support field-based and partner-led activities.
Main Responsibilities Include
Technical Assistance and Oversight
Provide technical support as required where the IRC is implementing programming that promotes participation and women's movement building, in collaboration with VPRU country-facing technical advisors. This includes but is not limited to the Listen Up and Building Local, Thinking Global (BLTG) projects.
Coordinate and collaborate with Gender Equality, Policy and Advocacy, and other relevant departments at the IRC, to collectively advance the innovative design and implementation work that promotes women's movement building.
Plan for and ensure technical assistance to women's rights organizations and networks that are IRC partners in participation and movement-building efforts.
Ensure strong monitoring and evaluation approaches to capture robust learning, in partnership with VPRU M&E specialists and IRC partners.
Contribute to identifying strategic technical priorities, in collaboration with Child Protection, Protection / Rule of Law and Women's Protection and Empowerment (WPE) STAs, for further work to advance participation and inclusion of children, adolescents and women, and women's leadership and movement building.
Leadership and Representation
In close collaboration with the STA for Risk Mitigation and Inclusion, and the broader VPRU Leadership Team, contribute to strategic planning and the strategic direction of the VPRU, with a specific focus on how to promote and ensure effective child and adolescent participation in VPR programming, women's participation and leadership, and women's movement building.
Contribute to the cohesive functioning of the team by ensuring strong communication within the team, across the Technical Innovations & Emergency Response team, and with VPRU Country Support colleagues.
Advance the IRC/VPRU as a thought leader in thematic areas of a cross-cutting nature including disability, age, gender and inclusion in humanitarian action, risk mitigation, and centrality of protection through strategic participation in workshops, panels, and conferences.
Provide representation in key internal and inter-agency fora to influence
policy and practice and support the IRC Uganda Learning Advisor to promote uptake of Listen Up learning within national fora.
Resource Development and Learning Uptake
Review and finalize all resources, learning documents and external-facing communications that stem from the VPRU's participation, inclusion and movement building portfolio.
Support the development of dissemination plans to highlight new resources and to ensure practitioners are aware of and utilizing resources and learning.
Capture and disseminate learning from across the Listen Up project in annual technical learning briefs, highlighting advancements in women's movement building to address sexual harassment, exploitation and abuse within humanitarian response.
Support the development of internal and external communication products related to projects in your portfolio. This may include writing stories for online publication, developing content for social media, podcasts or other media, engaging with high profile public figures, and producing regular activity updates to share with external partners.
Partner Coordination and Event Support
Ensure continued strong partner relationships, promoting work in line with feminist partnership principles outlined through Listen Up. This includes partnership with multiple WROs, Raising Voices, Voice, Sonjara, and resource development consultants (e.g. translators, designers, etc.).
Work with the Grants Officer, who is responsible for the coordination and operationalization of these partners, in order to ensure timely and informed communication.
Coordinate and support facilitation of external advisory group working with the Listen Up project and strengthen adherence to the advisory group principles.
Coordinate with a sister-project led by the Global Women's Institute, Empowered Aid, to ensure activities are coordinated and share learning.
Oversee the planning of all major events, internal and external meetings, project workshops, and travel, in coordination with the VPRU Program Assistant and Operations.
Business Development and Grants Management
Build funding for new areas of investment in VPRU, with a focus on leading business development for women's participation, child and adolescent participation, and women's movement building.
Support preparation of, review and sign-off on high-quality narrative donor reports for all projects in your portfolio.
Work closely with the VPRU grants manager to monitor project spending and to ensure timely financial reporting.
Work with relevant project team members and grants managers to ensure budgets are managed effectively. This includes managing communication with field programs receiving budget allocations from TU-led grants.
Provide regular supervision, guidance and mentoring to direct reports
Identify development needs of direct reports and support them to access professional growth opportunities appropriate to their needs and aspirations.
Maintain open and professional relations with team members, encouraging them to collaborate effectively, promoting team cohesion, and providing oversight and guidance to enable staff to successfully perform in their positions.
Lead with commitment, integrity and accountability to the IRC's global standards for professional conduct.
MA in social work, gender equality, women's rights or other related field, or equivalent and relevant experience.
8-10 years' experience in humanitarian, development or similar organizations with direct experience working on VAWG response and prevention programming, including but not limited to the response and prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse.
Active member of feminist movements and networks in the global south with substantial expertise in advancing women's rights and feminist movement building.
Experience in child and adolescent participation is a strength.
Excellent oral and written communication, including proven success communicating in challenging and cross-cultural contexts
Highly organized and self-motivated, able to work efficiently on his/her own
For more information and job application details, see; International Rescue Committee Senior Technical Advisor, Participation & Women's Movement Building Jobs in Kenya
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Ohio Amber Alert: Ana Burke abducted in Stark County
An Ohio Amber Alert has been issued for 5-year-old Ana Burke from Stark County after she was allegedly abducted by a neighbor, local officials say. Anyone with information about her whereabouts is urged to call 911 immediately.
Ana was last seen at 6:15 p.m. on Thursday when she, her neighbor, and a third person went inside the Goodwill Store on Fulton Drive in Canton to use the restroom. Ana and the neighbor, 36-year-old Jonathan Stinnett, then left the store, leaving the third person behind.
The request for an amber alert was initially denied because there was no clear evidence that the child was in danger, which is why authorities issued an Endangered Child Advisory instead. An amber alert was approved on Friday afternoon.
Stinnett is believed to have taken the child in a silver 1991 Ford Aerostar van with Michigan license plate number EHL7187. It's unknown where he might be taking her.
Stinnett is described as a 36-year-old white male with brown hair and hazel eyes, standing 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighing 180 pounds. He was last seen wearing a short sleeve maroon t-shirt and blue jeans.
Ana is described as a 5-year-old white female with blonde hair and blue eyes, standing 3 feet 9 inches tall and weighing 55 pounds. She was last seen wearing a pink shirt and rainbow-colored pants.
Anyone who sees Ana, Stinnett, or the suspect vehicle is urged to call 911 immediately, or call the Jackson Township Police Department at 330-834-3960 if you have any other information that could help investigators. You can also call 1-877-AMBER-OH (1-877-262-3764).
Related Topics:amber alertmissing childOhioUnited States
3 snow leopards die of COVID-19 at Nebraska zoo
New York Amber Alert: Shaina Lackey abducted in Utica


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Former Police Sergeant Fights Charges over Leaked Film of 'Police Brutality'
Video: Sergeant Rick Flori leaked this CCTV footage which showed Noa Begic, 21, being punched while handcuffed in the back of a police van. (ABC News)
A police sergeant who allegedly leaked CCTV footage of fellow officers bashing a handcuffed man in the basement of the Surfers Paradise station will make a "no case" submission to the court.
Rick Flori was charged with misconduct in public office after the footage, showing a 21-year-old being beaten, was released to the media in 2012.
He appeared in the Southport Magistrates Court this morning where the case was adjourned for a full hand-up committal on May 20.
On that date, the court heard, the defendant's legal counsel will make a "no case" submission to the magistrate which, if successful, will see the charge dismissed.
Flori has been in the service for 25 years and was stood down over the incident.
Outside court, he said he was disappointed he had not been allowed to return to work.
"I am essentially absent without pay, I am not getting paid by them, and I intent to fight the matter," he said.
Flori said the court process was taking a toll.
Photo: Policeman Rick Flori leaves the Southport Magistrates Court on the Gold Coast earlier this year. (AAP: Dave Hunt)
"Which is part of their [Queensland Police Service] tactic, I'm just getting worn down," he said.
"I'm not giving up, so I'll be here to the end, no matter what happens."
The long-serving officer also commented on phone footage recently released to the media showing a Surfers Paradise constable striking the head and neck of a man during an arrest on Valentine's Day last month.
"I saw that, and the video really speaks for itself there," he said.
"It shocked me to see that.
"You would think that the organisation would have learned, there is some smart people in the organisation."
The Queensland Police Service said the incident was being investigated.
Posted on March 3, 2016, in ConspiracyOz Posts. Bookmark the permalink.	2 Comments.
conspiracyoz | March 3, 2016 at 4:09 PM
Still trust your loving Police Force mmm – Mick Raven
templerknight | March 4, 2016 at 8:59 AM
If he is reinstated he will be treated like rubbish, I know as I had 4 police investigated for drugs and interfering with young children and my name was mud for years, and it was supposed to have been anonymous, so what a joke our police service is, this bloke did what he thought was the right thing to do. the police service is full of bad apples.


Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea among infants and young children. Virtually all children will be infected with rotavirus by the age of 5. Each year an estimated 453,000 children die from diarrheal disease caused by rotavirus, most of whom live in developing countries, and another two million are hospitalized. Rotavirus is highly contagious and resistant . Symtoms are , it usually starts with a fever and vomiting, followed by 3 to 8 days of diarrhea . nearly every child in the world is at risk of infection.


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# Add additional assets to the asset load path
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