text:
Are lawyers sitting ducks for breach of privacy claims?
As a lawyer, you are also a spy. The extent to which you may wish to look the part is up to you.
(version française)
As a law student in an intellectual property firm, I was often instructed to collect evidence out in the real world, not only to prosecute counterfeiters but also to help prove clients' rights in administrative hearings. Every day, commercial lawyers snoop on companies in merger deals, litigation lawyers perform credit and asset checks to advise clients before launching suits, and matrimonial lawyers chase after sources of alimony and child support. Anyone with a PC can look at a website's HTML code to see if a client's adversary or trade competitor has used meta-data which may infringe various contractual or statutory rights. Even mild-mannered research lawyers troll through records check up on parties' litigation history, from the anonymity of their bank tower offices.
Are we all now also tortfeasors? The buzz over the Ontario Court of Appeal's recognition of a tort in invasion of privacy has made lawyers raise their eyebrows during these early days of 2012.
How privacy law will hit the civil courts
The news value of the decision in Jones v. Tsige, 2012 ONCA 32, released January 18, 2012, has been the Canadian court's recognition of a cause of action already adopted in other jurisdictions. Until now, privacy law in Canada has largely been restricted to statutory remedies administered by commissions and agencies.
While it is difficult to determine whether the court in fact opened a floodgate of litigation, it is inevitable that social media and other cyberspace phenomena will cause people's activities to rub against legal boundaries. In the United Kingdom, with its army of nosy neighbours, the consumer demand for the product of privacy breaches has reached its apogee and mass-media fall-out in the phone-hacking scandal.
In Canada, unless the invasion is combined with a more tangibly injurious tort, such as defamation or conspiracy, damages will tend to be modest. (Class action lawyers, prick up your ears!) As a freestanding tort, it also runs into the problem that standard general liability insurance policies provide coverage for the "offence" of breach of privacy only if the breach includes publication of private information. Until the standard IBC form catches up, there won't be many deep pockets to pay for judgments. On the other hand, the absence of deep pockets should make professionals worry. (If you get lost while on safari, the guides are off-limits until the food runs out.)
Effect on legal practice
What many have not noticed, however, is the potential for abuse of the remedy in tort to cast a chill over lawyers' activities. For any number of reasons, the very stuff of our work engages boundaries separating zones of privacy and public scrutiny. This seems particularly applicable to litigation, but the rules of court or administrative tribunals provide legitimate cover for many intrusive activities. Where lawyers may be more exposed is in traditional solicitor activities, such as inquiries conducted to perform due diligence in corporate and commercial transactions.
To see how lawyers' activities might be affected, one has to study how the court in Jones formulated the elements of the tort, at paragraph 71:
"The key features of this cause of action are, first, that the defendant's conduct must be intentional, within which I would include reckless; second that the defendant must have invaded, without lawful justification, the plaintiff's private affairs or concerns; and third, that a reasonable person would regard the invasion as highly offensive causing distress, humiliation or anguish. However, proof of harm to a recognized economic interest is not an element of the cause of action. I return below to the question of damages, but state here that I believe it important to emphasize that given the intangible nature of the interest protected, damages for intrusion upon seclusion will ordinarily be measured by a modest conventional sum."
The main battleground will likely be the validity of the "lawful justification" for the activity. For example, a common activity of lawyers in the insurance personal injury field is private surveillance on an accident victim. Defendants and insurers will argue that a personal injury claimant implicitly consents to the intrusion by placing in issue his or her physical or psychological ability to perform daily activities.
This might be correct, except intrusion into private affairs permitted in litigation is circumscribed by the rules of court for discovery, or by administrative rules of a body like FSCO in automobile litigation. How much privacy does a claimant give up, for having brought a claim to enforce his or her legal rights to compensation or other relief? Beyond the scope of a formal legal proceeding, how early would such an implied waiver apply? After the lawyer's demand letter? Do the claim forms in auto insurance cases include a waiver of clandestine surveillance?
Insurance reporting
Provided there is no intent on the part of the lawyer to invade a party's privacy for an injurious cause, or a reason not directly related to the lawyer's scope of retainer, they can report claims for breach of privacy to their professional liability insurer. In Ontario, the standard LawPro policy recognizes this risk to a limited extent, and certainly more than ordinary liability insurance. Unlike the standard liability insurance form, the insurance protecting lawyers recognizes "invasion or violation of privacy" as a type of "INJURY" without the necessity for publication, provided the alleged invasion of privacy is directly consequential to professional services. The way coverage is so circumscribed is by an exception to an exclusion, which states that the policy does not apply:
"to any CLAIM in any way relating to or arising out of INJURY to any person, or to mental anguish, shock, humiliation or sickness, disease or death of any person, or destruction or loss of any tangible property, including the loss of use thereof, unless as a direct consequence of the performance of PROFESSIONAL SERVICES;"
So watch out. Investigating that fee-delinquent client will not be covered if the client turns around and sues.
Strategies to prevent being sued
The postmortem of a merger that went bad, or a real estate deal involving hidden defects, are examples where due diligence activities may come under scrutiny and solicitors might be drawn in the crossfire.
In commercial and family litigation, it is often part of an aggressive lawyer's toolkit to attack not only the opposing party but also the opposing lawyer. Motions to remove opposing lawyer from the record, Law Society complaints, and other "tricks of the trade" abound, sometimes not with the best of intentions. In recent years, parties have sued expert witnesses for negligent reporting of medical evaluations, opposing lawyers for being too aggressive, and even court officials for their conduct while in office. On examination for discovery, parties may obtain information about surveillance and other investigations. Look out for your opponent in a civil suit to start checking up on the propriety of the investigator's conduct.
It has always been part of our professional standards to conduct inquiries out of a law office in an above-board, non-deceptive way. Lawyers should closely consider whether investigators, auditors and other experts retained to be part of the lawyer's brief, are properly instructed. How aggressive is the investigator? Are they using sources such as former colleagues in the police, to obtain information? Many of these activities could already be in breach obligations to various stakeholders under the Rules of Professional Conduct, if the lawyer's agent in the field is not properly instructed. With the decision in Jones, it will not be long before parties consider it tactically advantageous to sue an opposing lawyer for a breach of privacy, as part of ongoing litigation.
The flip side of this is the negligence suit brought by an unsatisfied client, who may feel a lawyer lost a case because of a failure to delve intrusively enough into another party's case. In this respect, the tort establishes a zone of defence: lawyers should not be found negligent for having failed to breach another party's right to privacy.
02.02.2012 – Lawyer Defence / Occupational Hazards and Tips / breach of privacy / due diligence / investigations / lawyers / litigation / surveillance
Having read the Jones decision, I honestly don't see it opening up a tortfeasor's can of worms for lawyers. Fundamentally, it just definitively established the elements for a tort of privacy in Ontario:
"The key features of this cause of action are, first, that the defendant's conduct must be intentional, within which I would include reckless; second that the defendant must have invaded, without lawful justification, the plaintiff's private affairs or concerns; and third, that a reasonable person would regard the invasion as highly offensive causing distress, humiliation or anguish."
The court goes on to say that a statement of these elements won't open the proverbial floodgates of litigation beyond where they have heretofore developed. In fact, the court went on to note competing claims in other matters (for example, freedom of speech in defamation claims).
No, lawyers aren't "sitting ducks". Facts-wise, other than in reference to the elements I excerpted above, the Jones case does not offer us much guidance on the matter of litigation searches that might infringe on privacy. Had the Jones decision pertained to facts involving a litigation search, I'd find the question more relevant.
Now, if my client were suing a fellow bank employee for breach of privacy arising from the other employee's improper use of the employer's private database, well, that's another story. That's where Jones is your leading case…
David Debenham
The privacy office has already cited law firms for PIPEDA breaches for doing credit checks in advance of litigation. Frankly, other provinces have recognized the tort of invasion of privacy without the legal profession crumbling into dust, so I wouldn't worry too much.
leeakazaki
Thanks, David. PIPEDA and similar Acts generally deal with information stored by organizations, and yes there have been some law firms ensnared for pre-litigation credit investigations. The privacy regulatory regime to date did not encompass the host of intrusive investigative practices employed in areas such as Family Law and Personal Injury Law, which go beyond stored financial information but actually intrude into everyday personal activities, offshore financial institutions not covered by PIPEDA, etc. The court in Jones went beyond the stored information paradigm and opened up privacy as a right to seclusion. Seclusion is a word used 27 times in Jones. Seclusion goes beyond stored information and is essentially a right to be left alone.
A further consequence in litigation could be a host of interlocutory steps arising from one party's lawyer obtaining private information outside the discovery rules. Lawyers have been removed from the record for stumbling on privileged information in Anton Piller searches, so I can foresee removal motions based on non-sanctioned receipt of private information. Can evidence be excluded on the basis that it was obtained through unlawful means? Will a lawyer's failure to give proper advice to an investigator's use of a telephoto camera result in critical evidence being ruled inadmissible – leading to a negligence suit?
As far as I know, there has been no appellate judgment from another province recognizing the stand-alone tort. In Jones, the court stated, at para. 33: "… there appears to be no appellate decision from another province definitively establishing a common law right of action for intrusion upon seclusion …"


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text:
Thomas Harper, född 1788 i Worcester, död 1853 i London, var en engelsk trumpetvirtuos.

Biografi
Thomas Harper föddes 1788 i Worcester. Han var verksam som trumpetvirtuos. Harper avled 1853 i London. Hans söner var även de verksamma som musiker: Edmund Harper som tonsättare och pianist, Charles Harper som hornist och Thomas Harper som trumpetvirtuos.

Referenser

Noter

Brittiska trumpetare
Brittiska musiker under 1800-talet
Födda 1788
Avlidna 1853
Män
Personer från Worcester

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Democratic Platform Fight Shows It's Still Obama's Party
Bernie Sanders supporters have pushed for progressive priorities in the platform, but the Barack Obama wing of the Democratic establishment is still in the driver's seat.
One study found that, from 1980 to 2004, lawmakers voted in line with their respective platforms on average 82% of the time.
Few processes are given more importance, yet are as arcane and opaque, as the writing of the Democratic Party platform. Ostensibly the policy agenda of the next Democratic president (and the party as a whole), the platform is the result of hours of intense debate and negotiation between sometimes contentious factions of competing political interests. It is also, more often than not, written by the winners.
This year, those winners aren't only former Vice President Joe Biden and the Democratic establishment—but the Obama wing of that establishment.
President Barack Obama installed his labor secretary, Tom Perez, as the Democratic National Committee (DNC) chair in February 2017. A close look at Perez's nominees to the 2020 platform committees suggests the party will adhere to Obama's incrementalist vision of politics, one that stands in stark contrast to the bold push for change advocated by runner-up Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and his supporters.
Now, with the Sanders-Biden unity task forces having wrapped up and issued their recommendations, what happens from here is in their hands. One Wall Street advisory firm is already declaring a victory for corporate America, calling the 110-page document "a very successful effort by Biden and his team to control the narrative and policy direction, while making just enough concessions to the progressive wing to avoid an open rift in the party."
Yet it's no guarantee even these half-measures will make it into the platform. That will depend on the men and women chosen by Perez to shape the final document.
Who's at the head
Many loyal democratic voters may be pleased that Obama's vision will shape the platform. He is, after all, the party's most beloved political figure.
But Obama's actual policy agenda was often at odds with the stated values and priorities of his own supporters. Obama championed the corporate-backed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), for example, and sources involved in the drafting process say it was his direct appeal to Sanders that helped ensure the absence of an anti-TPP plank—which Sanders agreed to for the sake of party unity.
As president, Obama expanded President George W. Bush's "war on terror," pushed for an "all of the above" energy policy that did little to prevent climate change, deported record numbers of people, and spent years trying to cut Medicare and Social Security, an ambition that Sanders himself was instrumental in thwarting. Moreover, according to longtime Democratic Party insider and Obama transition official Reed Hundt, it was Obama and his team's aversion to robust government action in the early days of the 2008 recession—for fear of being labeled "socialist" by the GOP—that ultimately weakened the U.S. economic recovery and helped elect President Donald Trump.
"The former president, going back at least to his 2004 Senate race, hasn't really occupied the left side of the ideological spectrum," the Washington Post's David Swerdlick wrote of Obama in 2019. "To the dismay of many on the Left, and to the continuing disbelief of many on the Right, Obama never dramatically departed from the approach of presidents who came before him."
Per DNC rules, Tom Perez, as party chair, has the fortune to appoint the co-chairs of the Rules, Credentials and Platform committees. Perez's selections for the two co-chairs of the Platform Committee don't show signs of receptivity to Sanders' agenda. Both are fellow former Obama officials. The one likely to wield the most power is Denis McDonough, Obama's final chief of staff.
Having cut his teeth as a foreign policy adviser for former Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle—now a lobbyist for pharmaceutical companies and other corporate interests—McDonough sits safely in the narrow band of liberal orthodoxy in Washington, particularly on matters of national security. As Daschle's aide, McDonough took the lead in drafting the war authorization Bush used to invade Iraq. He is a Russia hawk and believes law enforcement should be able to access a person's encrypted messages, but had backed Obama's 2008 campaign-era call to defy Washington's warmongers and speak with U.S. adversaries like Iran and Cuba.
Perhaps most important is McDonough's close relationship with Obama. The former president has described McDonough, who helped set up his Senate office upon his arrival in Washington and served as his top foreign policy adviser during his 2008 campaign, as "one of my closest friends."
"Denis has played a key role in every major national security decision of my presidency," Obama said in 2013. Other officials have described McDonough as something akin to an extension of the former president. He is "the keeper of the president's flame," according to Cheryl Mills, a staffer for President Bill Clinton. Obama trusted McDonough "more than anyone else in the White House," according to Clinton ally and Obama transition head John Podesta, in 2013.
In August 2019, McDonough defended Obama against criticism from several Democratic candidates on his healthcare and immigration record, arguing that "attacking former President Obama's record … doesn't make any sense, politically or substantively." Perez and McDonough are unlikely to get much pushback from the other Platform Committee co-chair, Julie Chávez Rodríguez, granddaughter of legendary activist César Chávez. Chávez Rodríguez served as Obama's deputy director of public engagement, which in practice meant being dispatched to speak with disillusioned Latino and immigrant rights activists during the 2012 election (and beyond), defending Obama's woeful record on immigration.
"My grandfather helped me to understand that change isn't immediate," Chávez Rodríguez said in 2014, defending Obama's glacial progress on immigration and refusal to take executive action on the matter. "It doesn't happen overnight. It does take a lot of time and sacrifice. It takes consistent, sustained organizing and pressure."
Chávez Rodríguez is also a former state director and senior adviser for Sen. Kamala Harris (D-Calif.). She is now working for the Biden campaign.
In many ways, the appointment of McDonough and Chávez Rodríguez caps off a multi-year effort by Obama to limit Sanders' influence over the party and ensure Obama's direction for the party prevails. As one official told Harper's editor Andrew Cockburn, Obama recruited Perez in 2017 to run for DNC chair to "stop the Sanders wing of the party from taking over." Perez ran against then-Rep. Keith Ellison (now Minnesota attorney general), a Sanders ally who had received overwhelming party support, including from Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and other congressional Democratic leaders. Obama personally worked the phones to turn votes away from Ellison and toward Perez.
Ahead of the 2020 primaries, Obama privately threatened to step in and speak out if Sanders appeared poised to run away with the nomination. He also made several well-publicized—if obliquely critical—comments about Sanders' candidacy and political vision; one even became a debate question suggesting Sanders should step aside because he was old and male. Obama helped convince Pete Buttigieg, former mayor of South Bend, Ind., to suspend his presidential campaign before Super Tuesday to consolidate the centrist vote against Sanders. Obama also reportedly pressured Sanders to suspend his campaign.
For a fuller picture of what Obama's Democratic Party looks like, look beyond the chairs and at the four vice chairs and 25 voting members of the Platform Committee that Perez named January 25.
Thirteen are former Obama administration and campaign officials. Another, former Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander, was singled out by Obama during his final interview in office as the future of the party. Twelve more are Clinton allies (including four that overlap the Obama crowd). Many have expressed open hostility to Sanders. Some are connected to or have received political funding from interests expressly opposed to Sanders' agenda. Many have business and political fundraising interests that run counter to the Vermont Senator's anti-corporate vision. Seven work or have worked for the corporate sector, including Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina executive Danielle Gray and ecommerce executive Meghan Stabler.
The Pregame
In the United States, party platforms are non-binding and have, at times, even been ignored by the candidates themselves, leading many to wonder how much they really matter. And yet, as some have pointed out, platform changes often prefigure important ideological shifts within a party. One study found that, from 1980 to 2004, lawmakers voted in line with their respective platforms on average 82% of the time.
Intense battles over platform language in past decades suggest that, while the Democratic Party establishment may view its platform as symbolic (and convenient to ignore), the platform is far from insignificant—particularly given how it serves as a test of the nominee's power within their party. Biden, for example, is currently resisting the demands of the party's progressive and activist base, championed by Sanders.
Healthcare is one point of contention. Biden is steadfastly opposed to Medicare for All, a flagship Sanders policy that has soared in national popularity as millions lose their jobs and insurance during the pandemic.
Another is climate change. Biden put forward a $1.7 trillion climate plan during the primary (to Sanders' $16.3 trillion plan) and has haltingly moved closer to the platforms of green groups like the Sunrise Movement but remains resistant to key elements, including a ban on fracking and a reinstatement of the oil export ban, rescinded by Obama in 2015 after spending 40 years on the books.
The actual writing of the party platform is a multistage process that continues through the party convention. In 2016, according to those involved, much of the platform had been written well before the Drafting Subcommittee met to vote on the details in June in St. Louis. Even as the drafters held hearings around the country in advance of the two-day debate, staffers for the DNC were already writing the platform's first draft.
"We were the Drafting [Sub]committee, but the draft got done by staff people who put together the rock, which we tried to chip away at," says James Zogby, president of the Arab American Institute and one of the members of the 2016 Drafting Subcommittee (and a contributor to In These Times in the 1980s). Zogby's involvement with the DNC goes back decades; he has been involved in platform fights since 1988.
In 2016, Drafting Subcommittee members like Zogby were picked as part of an agreement between the DNC and Sanders. The DNC selected four of the subcommittee members, Hillary Clinton six and Sanders five, all names he had personally chosen. The names were then approved by DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz. The only Sanders selection who was vetoed was RoseAnn DeMoro, then-executive director of National Nurses United, a union that fervently backed Sanders. DeMoro had a history of needling Clinton but, officially, was rejected on the grounds that labor was already represented on the Platform Committee.
At the same time as the very public wrangling over the platform in St. Louis, those involved say, a number of changes to the draft were hammered out in backroom negotiations between the Clinton and Sanders campaigns. The two sides met and drew up a list of overlapping campaign promises, such as a plan to import prescription drugs from Canada (which made it into the platform).
Other changes got their hearing at the next stage, at the full Platform Committee's July preconvention meeting in Orlando. The 187 voting members were divided up in proportion to the number of delegates each campaign won in the primary. Here, the Sanders wing succeeded in inserting planks calling to legalize marijuana, increase the minimum wage to $15, break up the big banks and expand Social Security. After the (sometimes raucous) debate in Orlando, the platform's final stop was the convention itself—the last chance for any platform changes.
But the essence of the final platform was created outside this formal process, by the DNC staffers who wrote the first draft and through those private talks between Sanders and Clinton officials.
"The [first] draft … is ultimately the document you work from," Zogby says. "Once the draft is there, it's very difficult to make changes to that draft."
The 2020 process will follow a similar, equally convoluted path. The unity task forces, created by the two candidates in the wake of Sanders' campaign suspension, were just one stop in this route, meant to influence the eventual platform while doubling as an attempt to push Biden in a more progressive direction.
This approach has another upshot: preventing a rancorous battle over policy planks at the party convention.
"[Battling] could be embarrassing and they want to avoid that, so they put together these committees outside of the process to try and agree on a program, and they'll all go in there and both sides will vote for it," says George Albro, cofounder and downstate co-chair of the Sanders aligned New York Progressive Action Network (NYPAN). "I think Bernie really wants to foster unity because, ironically, he's more interested in defeating Trump than the establishment is."
This push for unity wouldn't be out of character for Sanders. According to In These Times' sources, after anti-TPP planks brought by Sanders allies in 2016 were defeated at both St. Louis and Orlando, Sanders had enough delegates to force a vote on the issue in a much more public way at the party convention in Philadelphia. What stopped him was a phone call from Obama, who didn't want a contentious floor fight at the event.
The Unity Menu
It remains to be seen whether Sanders' 2020 campaign for party unity, even more intense than in 2016, will win him more favorable treatment from the Democratic establishment. The Unity Task Forces he set up with Biden may have allowed him to set the stage, but even there, Sanders appointees were outnumbered on each task force, three to five.
Even the most promising fell short of expectations. The climate change task force, co-chaired by Green New Deal proponent Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), included Sunrise Movement co-founder Varshini Prakash and former Environmental Protection Agency administrator Gina McCarthy. Yet ultimately, it left out a fracking ban and made no mention of the Green New Deal.
The economy task force was compelling, too, co-chaired by Sara Nelson, president of the Association of Flight Attendants union. It included Stephanie Kelton, an adviser on Sanders' 2016 and 2020 campaigns and an expert on modern monetary theory, which rejects the current economic orthodoxy that discourages deficit spending. It recommended that Biden explore setting up government savings accounts for children, for instance, but stopped short of a federal jobs guarantee, a sticking point for the Biden team. The recommendations instead call for "jobs programs like those effectively used during the New Deal."
Tellingly, foreign policy was entirely left out of the purview of the task forces.
With the task forces having made their recommendations, the Drafting Subcommittee is now tasked with hammering out a draft platform. This time around, Sanders did not officially get any nominations to the 15-person committee.
The lineup, announced by Perez in late June, pulled from Obama loyalists. Four held posts in Obama's administration, three worked on his campaigns, one served as an elector for his 2008 run and two received his coveted endorsement after he left office. Three are Sanders allies—Heather Gautney, former Our Revolution executive director; Josh Orton, former Sanders Senate senior adviser; and Analilia Mejia, political director for the 2020 Sanders campaign. Orton and Mejia also worked for the 2008 Obama campaign.
Obama's centrist, business-friendly politics are well-represented, too. Four of the members have corporate backgrounds, including Tom Vilsack, who passed through the revolving door from the Department of Agriculture to the U.S. Dairy Export Council, and Tony Allen, a former Biden speechwriter and former executive at Delaware credit card company MBNA, a top Biden funder that pushed his disastrous bankruptcy bill in 2005.
Perhaps the most important selection is the committee chair. Perez chose Atlanta Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms. Though she has won progressive plaudits for undertaking bail reform and improving government transparency, the business-backed Bottoms has also been criticized for harsh treatment of homeless people in Atlanta and for not doing enough to stop gentrification. Married to a Home Depot executive, Bottoms also has a penchant for public-private partnerships. She has been one of Biden's most loyal backers, endorsing him in 2019 a day after he took fire over his anti-busing past.
"The chair has tremendous power," says Jay Bellanca, upstate co-chair of NYPAN, who has been on the front lines of efforts to reform the party since 2016. "It determines who can recognize, bring things forward."
While Sanders allies view 2016 Drafting Subcommittee Chair Elijah Cummings (D-Md.) as a fair adjudicator, the person who sits in the position can make a crucial difference—for better or worse. In 1988, Chair James Blanchard, governor of Michigan, was crucial to inserting a provision about respecting the territorial sovereignty of Lebanon, Zogby recalls.
"He said, 'I'm from Michigan, don't screw with this. Give me this language on Lebanon,' " Zogby says. "And we got it put in."
The platform's next gauntlet is the full Platform Committee Meeting. In addition to the 25 members selected by Perez, 162 delegates will be added, apportioned by the number of delegates each candidate receives in the primary contest. Whatever they agree on must then be ratified at the Democratic National Convention itself.
In 2016, Sanders' allies were pleasantly surprised by their impact on the platform that came out of the committee, including the $15 minimum wage provision. All were products of an intense, sometimes testy process.
Hanging over this year's negotiations, however, was the question of whether Sanders would have enough delegates to be apportioned the 46 members of the platform committee that are needed to have leverage. It's likely that even if all of Sanders Platform Committee members agree, they won't reach the threshold of 46 members needed to bring a minority report to a vote on the convention floor, a potentially embarrassing challenge that could force compromise from the majority in advance, in order to head it off. In 2016, Sanders cleared that threshold easily, giving teeth to his delegates' demands in committee (and avoiding a fight at the convention).
Assuming Sanders is just short of the 46, his team would need support from Biden platform committee members to reach the threshold number. Had Sanders actively stayed in the post Wisconsin primaries, even while supporting Biden, there would have been enough Sanders delegates elected to reach 46 platform committee members required for minority resolutions.
Because Sanders failed to do so, his movement will have little sway on the 2020 convention committees this year.
Sanders—focused on beating Trump (and no doubt stung by years of spurious accusations that he and his supporters cost Clinton the 2016 election)—seems committed to avoiding not just the rancor of the previous election, but the all-out chaos of the infamous 1972 Democratic Party convention. A much more conciliatory approach seems likely, working closely with Biden and attempting to nip any hint of party disunity in the bud.
Rather than lean on the threat of a contentious floor fight, then, Sanders vested his hopes in the Unity Task Forces. With the release of the draft platform in late July, this approach seems to have yielded dividends, with a number of their final recommendations making it into the finished product. The draft platform incorporates recommendations including expanding Medicare to cover vision, dental, and hearing loss, ending private prisons, and drastically moving up Biden's climate targets.
Yet even here, the wins are muted. Much of the recommended language that found its way into the platform was already part of Biden's platform, including his plans for undoing Trump's immigration policies, letting Medicare negotiate drug prices, allowing the federal government to pay the cost of continuing lapsed health insurance under COBRA, and ending cash bail and mandatory minimums. While the draft now more directly states the party "support[s] ending the use of private prisons," Biden had already pledged to make eliminating private prisons a requirement of his federal grant program for crime prevention. Same with the pledge to lower Medicare's requirement age to 60.
In other areas, the Sanders camp appears to have been completely rolled. The task forces' less ambitious recommendation to decriminalize marijuana went into the platform, and a plank to legalize it was defeated 105-60. Every one of the planks put forward by Palestinian-American delegates, including one merely calling for supporting an Israel that isn't an exclusively Jewish state, was left out with most of them not even considered—though the final draft did include language defending the right of Americans to boycott Israel, a significant inclusion. Meanwhile, the already whittled-down language on New Deal-style jobs programs was entirely left out.
But the most glaring, if unsurprising, absence surrounded Sanders' flagship Medicare for All policy, which receives a scant single mention in the draft platform, with no endorsement. Party delegates also voted down planks to insert such an endorsement into the draft, as well as those calling for expanding Medicare to children and lowering the program's eligibility age to 55. The platform's next stop is the August party convention, where hundreds of Sanders delegates are defying the Vermont senator's push for party unity, and have signed a pledge to vote against the platform if it continues to leave out Medicare for All, a tactic that will likely fail to change the party's mind—but will make inconvenient headlines for Democrats.
Should Biden ascend to the presidency, the next step for progressives will be ensuring he follows through on the platform's many promises. This won't just involve overcoming the predictable Republican obstruction, but putting enough pressure on Biden himself to outweigh the corporate and right-wing influence that have historically cowed him into submission. Ultimately, Obama only moved left on issues like immigration, marriage equality and the Keystone XL pipeline because of years of activist pressure. Conciliation and unity may be the order of the day, but there's only so far they will go toward achieving progressive priorities.
Janea Wilson, Indigo Oliver and Camille Williams contributed fact-checking.
Branko Marcetic
Branko Marcetic is a staff writer at Jacobin magazine and a 2019-2020 Leonard C. Goodman Institute for Investigative Reporting fellow. He is the author of the new book Yesterday's Man: The Case Against Joe Biden, available now from Verso.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mossberg Corporation North Haven, CT - 06473
Mossberg Corporation is categorized under Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below in North Haven, CT and active since 1991.
Mossberg Corporation was established in 1991, and today employs 1 to 4, earning $20.000.000 to $49.9999.999 per year. This is a Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below business, which does work in the B2B market, and is classified as a Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below, under code number 332994 by the NAICS.
If you are seeking more information, feel free to contact Alan Iver Mossberg Full Name Report at the company's headquarters by writing to 7 Grasso Avenue, North Haven, Connecticut CT 06473 or by phoning (203) 230-5300 Full Phone Report. You can also visit this business on Facebook by going to their profile page at Facebook or on find them on Twitter.
Business Name: Mossberg Corporation
Contact Person: Alan Iver Mossberg Full Name Report
Address: 7 Grasso Avenue, North Haven, Connecticut 06473
Annual Revenue (USD): $20.000.000 to $49.9999.999
Location Type: Headquarters
Business Category: Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below
NAICS Code: 332994
Mossberg Corporation was started in 1991 to provide professional Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below under the SIC code 3484 and NAICS code 332994. Since its inception, the company has gone on to take a total of 1 to 4 personnel under its employment and has achieved earnings of $20.000.000 to $49.9999.999 per annum.
Feel free to contact Alan Iver Mossberg Full Name Report for inquiries that concern Mossberg Corporation by calling the company number (203) 230-5300 Full Phone Report, as your correspondence is most welcome. Additionally, the physical location of the headquarters of Mossberg Corporation can be found at the coordinates 41.367203,-72.862786 as well as the street address 7 Grasso Avenue in North Haven, Connecticut 06473.
For its online presence, you may visit Mossberg Corporation's website at and engage with its social media outlets through on Twitter and on Facebook.
Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below in United StatesShotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below in Connecticut Shotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below in North Haven, CTShotguns or Shotgun Parts, 30 Mm. and Below in 06473 North Haven, CT All businesses in Connecticut StateAll businesses in North Haven, CTAll businesses in 06473 North Haven, CT
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O F Mossberg & Sons Inc


ZX 300 is a fully IEC Classified onshore vertical profiling Lidar with finance-grade data accepted by DNV GL.
ZX 300 offers full IEC classification and is accepted by DNV GL as a Stage 3 Bankable Lidar. The vertical profiling Lidar is easy to deploy and captures onshore wind measurements from 10 to 200+ meters.
ZX 300 collects quality controlled, 1-second data in real time and features a user-friendly interface that ensures straightforward navigation and configuring.
ZX 300 is a mature, complete remote sensing solution, backed by a 3-year warranty and service interval, NRG's technical support, remote power supplies, and integrated services, for seamless installation and operation.
*NRG Systems also offers and supports ZX 300M for near-shore or platform-based offshore applications. ZX 300M captures finance-grade wind measurements from 10 to 200+ meters and is fully IEC classified and accepted by DNV GL as a Stage 3 Bankable Lidar.


A true climber's tank, the Eagan has a relaxed fit and casual style that easily transitions to town. The quick-dry heathered polyester is exceptionally cool, light and comfortable. Made with a longer cut to sit comfortably under a harness, the Eagan has wide armholes for freedom of movement and a slight gathering at the back to refine the fit.


Corporate giftѕ are a marketing tооl аlmоѕt еvеrу company еmрlоуѕ аt some point. Sо juѕt think аbоut thаt thе nеxt time уоu are hаndling out уоur company t-ѕhirt or cap tо an imроrtаnt client. How many оf thеѕе items dо уоu think thiѕ сliеnt has аnd hоw often dо thеу асtuаllу gеt uѕеd? People in thе buѕinеѕѕ world rесеivе соuntlеѕѕ giftѕ thаt gеt ѕhоvеd аwау somewhere оr wost уеt, thrоwn intо thе trаѕh. Yоu don't wаnt to spend gооd mоnеу on an itеm thаt gets tossed аwау.
Tо gеt thе full bеnеfitѕ of giving corporate giftѕ уоu might want to ѕtау аwау from traditional оr соmmоn giftѕ. Whilе thе act оf giving соrроrаtе gifts hаѕ nоt bесоmе over-utilized оr оutdаtеd, certain tуреѕ of corporate gifts have. Whеn giving оut giftѕ it iѕ imроrtаnt tо think аbоut whо is rесеiving thе gifts. It iѕ a gооd idеа tо lооk intо the recipient's реrѕоnаl life, bесаuѕе in a lоt оf cases thе gift уоu givе еndѕ up in thе hands оf a ѕроuѕе, сhild оr аnоthеr fаmilу mеmbеr. Thеrеfоrе, gеаring уоur соrроrаtе giftѕ аrоund fаmilу oriented items will make ѕurе уоur gift gets uѕеd аnd nоt ѕtuffеd intо a desk drаwеr. And thе сliеnt will аррrесiаtе you tаking time to gеt tо knоw thеm. Here аrе ѕоmе idеаѕ fоr family оriеntеd соrроrаtе giftѕ tо get уоu ѕtаrtеd.
This vеrу рrасtiсаl gift is inеxреnѕivе and рrоvidеѕ a niсе twiѕt on regular magnets. Cliеntѕ will more likely bring thеm hоmе аnd use thеm on thеir refrigerator thаn rеgulаr mаgnеtѕ with уоur соmраnу logo оn them. Hоw great wоuld it bе to have уоur gift fеаturе рrоminеntlу in уоur сliеntѕ kitсhеn.
Tоtе bags аrе a grеаt gift аnd can bе uѕе bу thе whоlе family. The рrоblеm with thеm iѕ thаt most families аlrеаdу hаvе аn аbundаnсе оf tоtе bаgѕ lying аrоund. Offеring them a сооlеr bag inѕtеаd is a nice vаriаtiоn оn thе tote bаg. It саn bе used оn family outings such аѕ picnics, sporting еvеntѕ, BBQs, etc. And thеу аrе nоt аѕ соmmоn аѕ rеgulаr tote bаgѕ.
Gift Certificates аrе a рорulаr choice whеn handling out соrроrаtе giftѕ. Onе rеаѕоnѕ is because thе recipient iѕ not likely to thrоw it аwау. But just dоn't givе a gift сеrtifiсаtе tо a store, trу tо mаkе it ѕееm likе a ѕресiаl еvеnt. A good idea iѕ tо mаkе thе certificates ѕоmеthing thе whоlе fаmilу саn use. Such аѕ сеrtifiсаtеѕ tо thе local mоviе theater or a lосаl fаmilу rеѕtаurаnt.
Food baskets аrе also a popular соrроrаtе gift аnd something thе rесiрiеnt iѕ likely tо bring hоmе for the fаmilу tо share. Mаkе ѕurе the bаѕkеt уоu givе iѕ fоr mоrе than оnе реrѕоn. And if роѕѕiblе, thrоw in ѕоmе trеаtѕ that kidѕ wоuld enjoy.
Sоft, соlоrful, рluѕh toys рrоbаblу do nоt ѕрring tо mind whеn thinking of соrроrаtе gifts. But this iѕ a great wау to gеt уоur company name intо a сliеntѕ home. Offering them аnоthеr саlеndаr оr реn probably wоn't get thе jоb dоnе. But offering a client with children a plush toy; thеу аrе mоrе likеlу tо bring it hоmе.
Thеѕе аrе just a fеw idеаѕ оf соrроrаtе gifts thаt are fаmilу oriented аnd mау get uѕеd more regularly thаn traditional giftѕ. Thе key is tо сhооѕе gifts thаt mеmbеrѕ оf the сliеntѕ fаmilу can enjoy. Cliеntѕ will appropriate уоur еffоrt аnd уоur mоnеу will not be wаѕtеd.
Fоr more infоrmаtiоn and giftѕ idеаѕ viѕit Wahmee for Cоrроrаtе Business Giftѕ Singapore.


text:
Drew Edge of Bolingbroke brought the Ga. Volunteer Battalion Fife & Drum Corps to the Bolingbroke Christmas Parade on Dec. 7 to the delight of everyone who came out to watch the annual event.
DESTINATION BOLINGBROKE: Bolingbroke's Edge has impressive step and beat
BY VICKI SMITH
Many of you attended the Bolingbroke Christmas parade and may have noticed among the many wonderful parade entries, one particular group that stood out.
I was very impressed, to say the least, and wanted to formally introduce to you Drew Edge of Bolingbroke. Drew is a member of the Georgia Volunteer Battalion and plays with the fife and drum corps. His group of four marched in the parade showing off their musical talents and were dressed in civil war army uniforms.
I was curious as to their story, so I met with Drew and learned of his passion for civil war reenacting. Drew said he studied the civil war in the 5th grade and became very interested in the history. He also began his music interest and began playing the trumpet in the 5th grade. His father, Scott Edge, and a family friend, Kevin Sark, took him to Andersonville where he was outfitted and became a participant.
He became a runner (messenger) and after two years graduated to a rifleman. He said there was always a lack of musicians; he was promoted to Sergeant & Bugler in 2018. Now his primary job is to take care of the fife and drum corps. He said there are five in his group and they come from all over the state.
Drew said the parade was the first time they played together as a full group. Drew said he attended 11 reenacting events in 2019, traveling all over the southeast. He explained that they are all volunteer and self-financed.
He said his love of music and the continued learning of the history of the civil war are very enjoyable and he plans to attend even more events in 2020. He said the public is welcome to come and be spectators at any reenactment event; the closest one will be held the first weekend of May in Jones County - 'Old Clinton War Days'.
Drew usually plays the fife - a 'cousin' to the flute. Since the rise of the modern army in the late 16th century, trained fifers and drummers have been adopted and used by armies to signal predatory alerts and execution signals as well as times of day for troops. They signal when the troops should rise in the morning & retire at night, when to eat, when to assemble and to sound an alarm. Trained musicians also play popular music on the march or while in camp. Drums have an important role in the military and date farther back in history. Drew says he has learned a lot in his years of volunteering and plans to keep fifing as long as he can.
Drew graduated from Mary Persons High in 2017 and is currently a history student at Gordon State College. After graduating college next year, he plans to attend umpire school. He currently umpires high school softball and baseball. Umpire school is in Vero Beach, Fla., and after completing the school Drew will be eligible to umpire in minor league baseball.
Drew and his fife and drum corps are available for your private events and recently played taps at a funeral. He said they are open to playing at weddings, church events, etc. If you are interested in hiring this very talented group or would like to know more about upcoming civil war events, please email him at gvbfifeanddrum@gmail.com.
You may also visit the website of the Georgia volunteer battalion to learn more at: Georgiavolunteerbattallion.org
The Bugler is Buddy Jowers Fife & Bugler is Drew Edge. The Fife: is Isaac Young. The Snare Drum is Jennifer Gunn. The Bass Drum is Ben Morris. The Junior Drummer is Chance Sprague.
Vicki Smith covers Bolingbroke for the Reporter. She and her husband, Bobby Lee, own & operate Properties Plus Realty, and she is president of Bolingbroke Community Club., which gives us the beloved Bolingbroke Christmas parade.


text:
leidenislamblog
Didem Yerli
Politics of Heritage and Heritage of Politics: The Case of the Hagia Sophia
July 27, 2020 • History and State, politics and society and International relations • 4 min read
The conversion of the Hagia Sophia into a mosque is nothing unusual for those who have been closely monitoring Turkey. Still, the knotted web of political conflicts and identity issues surrounding discussions of its role as heritage bespeaks the need to re-visit the concept of heritage itself.
On 10 July, Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced the conversion of Istanbul's famous Hagia Sophia from museum to mosque. Erdoğan's controversial decision appears to be motivated by a religious fervour that aims to put one more symbolic nail to the coffin of Turkey's Kemalist legacy. However, the calls for the building to be converted into a mosque are by no means new. Populist Islamist segments of the population have been longing for this re-Islamization of Istanbul's most monumental building— even while Erdoğan has been strategically postponing the decision to convert it. The decision of the government on 10 July was arguably an attempt to distract the public from the looming economic crisis. Yet, can the populist conversion of a world heritage site into a mosque tell us more about the politics of heritage and the conquest mindset in Turkey?
The relationship between the Hagia Sophia and rites of power is as old as its history. A UNESCO world heritage site since 1985, the Hagia Sophia was built more than 1,500 years ago as a Byzantine Christian cathedral, next to the area of the imperial palace. After the East-West Schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a Roman Catholic cathedral during the Latin occupation of Constantinople, 1204-1261. In 1453, Constantinople was invaded by the Ottomans, who became the self-professed heirs of the Roman Empire. The new possessors of the city converted the Orthodox cathedral into a mosque, ending its thousand-year history as a Christian cathedral. The conversion served the functional and political needs of the Ottoman raison d'état as a world empire. It was the largest house of worship in the city. Additionally, it symbolized the legacy of Byzantium's imperial power. The building served as the main imperial mosque during the rule of the Ottomans, even after the construction of another, even larger, mosque (the Blue Mosque) in 1616. The Hagia Sophia's status as a mosque was therefore embedded in the conquest mindset and imperial politics of heritage-building.
Together with the Hagia Sophia, the city of Constantinople embodied the central power of two successive empires. Therefore, the conflicts over the city's heritage already stretched beyond religious discussions. Following a 1934 decision of Mustafa Kemal, the final transformation of the mosque into a museum by the "secular conquest" of the Republic of Turkey ended, in a way, the imperial period of 1,500 years and declared the new and modern nation-state in place of old empires. This museumification also served as a peaceful gesture aimed at the Christian world and Turkey's decimated Christian minority by acknowledging the multicultural history of the city. However, the "secular conquest" of Mustafa Kemal in 1934 did not reflect the interests of the predominantly rural and conservative Muslim majority left within the borders of Turkey in 1923.
In June 2019, opposition candidate Ekrem İmamoğlu of the Republican People's Party (CHP) was elected as the mayor of Istanbul, ending the city's years-long status as the major source of financial revenue for the Justice and Development Party's (AKP) bureaucracy-business relations. As Alp Yenen explained in a post on this blog in 2019, the defeat of the AKP government in the municipal elections meant, for them, more than losing a municipality. They had lost the celebrated heritage of power and prestige, to the candidate from the CHP. Moreover, the defeat of the AKP demonstrated that a unified opposition, long lacking in Turkish politics, was emerging against the AKP government. Erdoğan's decision in July 2020 was therefore also aimed at polarizing the secularists and Islamists through politics of heritage.
The conversion of churches and museums into mosques is nothing new under the AKP's rule. One prominent example is the Byzantine Chora Church in Istanbul. Preserved as the Kariye Museum since 1945, the Chora Church had similarly served as a mosque during the Ottoman era, and was converted back into a mosque in November 2019. Previously in 2013, another Hagia Sophia church in Trabzon on the Black Sea coast—a region once dominated by Orthodox Christians—was opened to Muslim worship. This involved covering up the Byzantine frescoes inside the church. Less publicized but equally damaging "restorative conquest" was carried out in Edirne—a city in Eastern Thrace—over the past few years. These conquests comprise also non-religious heritage such as the ancient Assyrian and Kurdish town Hasankeyf in south-eastern Turkey. These destructions were less publicized in international media compared to the world-renowned Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, but they manifest nevertheless the multi-scale aspects of a revitalized conquest mindset.
Ironically, despite its conservative rhetoric, at every turn the AKP government has modified and re-invented the heritage of Turkey over the last ten years. Indeed, re-inventing buildingsis a practice that dates back to ancient times. However, in the case of Turkey, the re-invention is being carried out as a result of a conquest mindset. Unlike its historical imperial counterpart, the contemporary conquest mindset derives from the sovereignty cult of the nation-state paradigm, in order to legitimize the damage being done to shared world heritage. A truer reading of the nature of the Hagia Sophia's most recent conversion requires that we look beyond Muslim-Christian, East-West, and Islamist-secular bifurcations, and examine the issue in a broader framework, as a manifestation of politics of heritage.
moskee
religieuze identiteit


Los Angeles is full of things to do and is often considered the entertainment capital of the world. With plenty of museums, attractions, beautiful beaches and trendy shops you'll be sure to have an amazing holiday to Los Angeles under the Californian sunshine.
To make sure you don't miss out on anything, we put together a list of the very best things you need to see and do in Los Angeles while you're there.
Start planning your Los Angeles holiday today with Budget Travel USA.
For some impressive views of LA, as well as views of the Hollywood sign, head up to Griffith Observatory. For any science lovers, step inside the observatory to find lots of free exhibitions and a planetarium in which they have cheap shows on offer. If you feel you need a break from the busy city and want to spend some time outdoors then Griffith Park has trails for hiking and biking and is also home to the Hollywood sign along with the Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens.
Take a stroll along the Hollywood Walk of Fame where you'll see names of stars in gold lettering in a pink star on the path and at the Chinese Theatre you'll see the handprints and signatures of some of the most notable stars. Watch a movie or take a tour of the Chinese Theatre which should be booked in advance where you can see the amazing art deco interior and often the real costumes from movies are on display.
Santa Monica is full of nice restaurants, nightlife spots, and an incredible beach. The famous Santa Monica Pier is worth the visit to see the Ferris wheel, rollercoaster, play carnival games and even to see some street performers. Rent a bike and cycle from Santa Monica to Venice Beach on the longest beach bike path in the world. Walk along Venice Beach's boardwalk where you'll see street performers, eclectic characters, unique shops and the famous Muscle Beach.
Rodeo Drive is home to an array of high-end designer shops and small boutiques. Window shopping might be all you can afford to do along here but it is nice to have a browse and admire the expensive cars parked along the road. For a more affordable shopping trip head to The Grove which is an open-air shopping mall with around 50 top-brand shops. Opposite it is the Original Farmers Market which opened in 1934 which is worth a visit to grab a snack and take a walk around.
Located in the Santa Monica mountains, The Getty Center is packed full of impressive works from the likes of Monet, Renoir and Van Gogh. In addition to the art, the museum has beautiful gardens from which you can admire the view of LA, and it also offers various free shows. The building itself is quite impressive as it is a circular concrete and steel structure that was designed by Richard Meier, a renowned architect.
Universal Studios Hollywood is one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. Take a behind the scenes tour of some of your favourite films and go on rides based on scenes and characters from movies and TV shows produced by Universal Studios. For more rides and attractions head to Disneyland LA which is comprised of two parks – Cars Land and the original Disney California Adventure Park.


text:
Q: How to scale `X` axis and include the data -- Matlab I want to plot on X axis the points [8,16,32,64,128,512] and on Y axis the corresponding values to these points. I have done the following, but eventhough I have specified the X axis and selected the colum values for it, I am not getting the numbers [8,16,32,64,128,512] displayed on X axis.

A: Use xticks([8 16 32 64 128 256 512]) right after plot (or you may have to get handle of the axe) to set display ticks in X axis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Post #22 – So, what should you eat for optimal health?
That is the million dollar question. Isn't it? This is such a big and controversial topic that so far I had dared not touch it. There is so much information out there on this topic. It is mind boggling.
Let us start from a simple premise.
Let's assume for a moment that you can get over all the excuses like: I don't like the taste of it, or I am a vegetarian, or I cannot live without meat, or but that's the way I was raised, or but I travel too much, or, I don't have time to eat healthy, etc., etc., etc.
If the only objective was optimal health and you could follow whatever diet or nutritional plan was optimal, what should you eat?
Well, that is the question I have been asking and answer I have been searching for quite a while now.
All of these books have their specific points-of-view.
Some of these advocate vegetarian or vegan food.
Some advocate very low amount fats.
Some recommend saturated fats. Some don't.
Some focus on eating simple foods.
Some focus on sugar management.
Some say track (count) calories.
Some say don't bother with calories counting.
It is so easy to get lost in trees or the nuances of different food paradigms.
While there are so many things these books don't agree on, there are also a lot they all do agree on.
Over the next posts, I plan to take each of these items one at time and share my thoughts. For now, I would like to hear your feedback on this list of basic principles.
Have you seen any diet book or nutritional studies that violate any of these basic principles?
Do you think there should be other basic principles to add to this list?


text:
Daniel continues winning ways into national cross country championships
Four-time paratriathlon gold medalist Stefan Daniel won the Canwest Cross Country Championships and hopes to help the Calgary Dinos to another national title.
November 1st, 2019 by Kevin Mackinnon | Posted in Feature, Features, Personalities
Stefan Daniel on his way to the win at the Tokyo Test Event in August.
He's a four-time Paratriathlon gold medalist and a Paralympic silver medalist, but once his triathlon season is over, Stefan Daniel becomes just one of the guys on the Calgary Dinos cross-country running team. That group of guys all happen to be very fast – after finishing second to the University of Guelph powerhouse in 2017, the Dinos took last year's U-Sports National Cross Country Championship title and are in the hunt to defend their title after a convincing win at the Canada West championship last weekend.
Daniel took last weekend's regional championship, finishing ahead of team-mate Russell Pennock, who is also a formidable triathlete, in an impressive wire-to-wire 31:28 finish.
"It feels great – I was not expecting that," he was quoted on godinos.com after the race. "It was really windy so I went out fast, but the pack was pretty slow, so I decided just to commit and try it. I was somehow able to hold on – I don't know how."
It's been a remarkable – and long – season for Daniel, who started his paratriathlon winning ways on March 9 with a win at the CAMTRI Paratriathlon American Championships in Sarasota. He went on to take Paratriathlon world series events in Yokohama, Japan and Montreal. In August he took the test event in Tokyo, then won his fourth world title in Lausanne in September.
Daniel finds the switch to cross-country running a welcome change, though.
"Triathlon is so individual, but I really do love team sports – it's such a different feel," he says. "It's almost like a new season, it's such a change of pace. I enjoy focusing on running for a couple of months of the year."
Daniel will get a welcome break after the national championships – he'll take a couple of weeks off before he starts his build towards the Paralympic Games in Tokyo next year, where he'll arrive as the favourite.
With those games in mind, Daniel will take the winter off from school to focus on training. While he'll be based in Calgary, there will be lots of trips to the national training centre in Victoria as he prepares for Tokyo.
First things first, though – in a week Daniel will be lining up on the challenging course at the top of Kingston's Fort Henry hill looking to help his team earn another national title.
The Calgary Dinos men's team celebrates after winning hte Canada West Cross Country Championship. Photo: godinos.com
The physiology behind our improvements in endurance


text:
""" Functions and classes dealing with the help command """

import argparse
from pkgutil import walk_packages

from coffer import get_description, get_program_name
from coffer.command import commands as coffer_commands
from coffer.command.execute import execute_module_command
from coffer.command.invalid import print_invalid_command

commands = ['help', '-h', '--help']
description = 'Prints a list of available commands or help on a specific command'
arguments = [
        (('command',), {'nargs': '?', 'help': 'command for which help is desired'}),
]

def execute(parsed_args=None, interactive=False, *args, **kwargs):
    """ Executes the help command. """

    if not parsed_args or not parsed_args.command:
        if not interactive:
            usage = '%(prog)s [command line]'
            description = get_description()
            group_title = 'commands'
        else:
            usage = argparse.SUPPRESS
            description = None
            group_title = None

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=get_program_name(), description=description,
                usage=usage, add_help=False)

        # Recursively search through command modules and
        # add an argument to the parser for each command.
        group = parser.add_argument_group(title=group_title)
        for loader, name, ispkg in walk_packages(coffer_commands.__path__):
            module = loader.find_module(name).load_module(name)
            module_commands = getattr(module, 'commands', [])
            module_description = getattr(module, 'description', '')
            non_dash_commands = list(filter(lambda c: not c.startswith('-'), module_commands))
            if non_dash_commands:
                group.add_argument(*non_dash_commands, help=module_description)
            dash_commands = list(filter(lambda c: c.startswith('-'), module_commands))
            if dash_commands and not interactive:
                group.add_argument(*dash_commands, help=module_description, action='store_true')

        parser.print_help()
        return True
    else:
        # Recursively search through command modules.
        for loader, name, ispkg in walk_packages(coffer_commands.__path__):
            module = loader.find_module(name).load_module(name)
            module_commands = getattr(module, 'commands', [])

            # If the command can be handled by the module,
            # and execute the command's help function.
            if parsed_args.command in module_commands:
                return execute_module_command(module, command=parsed_args.command, command_line=['-h'])

        print_invalid_command(parsed_args.command)
        return False

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thursday's matchup lived up to its billing, as the Blackburn men's basketball team pulled out an 83-74 victory over Eureka.
Blackburn shot 47.1 percent from the field with ten three-pointers, while Eureka finished with four treys and a 38.6 field goal percentage.
Raushaun Amos (St. Louis, Missouri / Soldan) led the charge for the Beavers, finishing with 20 points off an impressive 8 of 12 shooting from the field including four three-pointers. Amos added three assists and three steals as well.
Jamaya Wyatt (Chicago, Illinois / Uplift) had 18 points off 72.7 percent shooting to go along with seven rebounds.
Chanz Aldridge (Hillside, Illinois / St. Joseph's) joined the pair in double figures with 15 points of his own in his second career start. Aldridge also had four assists and four steals.
Eureka put the first points on the board with a jump shot from Jordan Dehm before the Red Devils saw Blackburn break out on a 16-1 run. The Red Devils failed to stop the on slot, allowing a 34-19 lead to build before taking their first timeout with 6:15 remaining in the first half.
Ahead by 15 at that point, the Beavers saw their lead increase to 20 before the two-minute mark of the first. BC outscored the Red Devils by one the rest of the half to carry a 47-26 lead into the break.
Amos started the second half with a three-pointer for the Beavers, but Eureka fought back fast, answering with a quick 14-6 spurt.
That theme played more in the half, as the Red Devils worked to bring the Beavers lead back down to single digits with 6:38 left in the period.
Ahead 77-74 with just under two minutes to go, a pair of free throws from senior Karson Hayes (Little Rock, Arkansas / John L McClellan) provided one last momentum swing for the Beavers as the went back up nine, where it stayed the rest of the way.
UP NEXT: Blackburn defends home court this Saturday when they face off against Iowa Wesleyan on Feb. 2 in a 3 p.m. matchup.


text:
package lytics

import (
	"testing"

	"github.com/jarcoal/httpmock"
	"github.com/lytics/go-lytics/mock"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestGetEntity(t *testing.T) {
	httpmock.Activate()
	defer httpmock.DeactivateAndReset()
	mock.RegisterEntityMocks()

	client := NewLytics(mock.MockApiKey, nil)

	fields := []string{}
	entitytype := "user"
	fieldname := "email"
	fieldval := "sample@sample.com"

	entity, err := client.GetEntity(entitytype, fieldname, fieldval, fields)
	assert.Equal(t, err, nil)
	assert.NotEqual(t, nil, entity)
	assert.True(t, len(entity.Fields) > 5)
	assert.Equal(t, "sample@sample.com", entity.Fields["email"])

	fields = []string{
		"score_intensity",
	}
	entity, err = client.GetEntity(entitytype, fieldname, fieldval, fields)
	assert.Equal(t, err, nil)
	assert.Equal(t, "83", entity.Fields["score_intensity"])
}


text:
August 6, 2008 3:22PM ET
On the Charts: Sugarland Beat Out Miley For Top Spot
The Big News: A week after running-up to Miley Cyrus, country band Sugarland overtook the teen sensation to claim the number one spot as their Love on the Inside pushed 171,000 in its second week. Cyrus' Breakout settled for second, selling another 162,000 copies. The top five was rounded out by the usual suspects, with the Mamma Mia soundtrack, Kid Rock's Rock N Roll Jesus and Lil Wayne's Tha Carter III claiming the remaining places. Weezy's TC3 also pushed past the two million sales after eight weeks on the charts.
Debuts: Praise rockers Third Day led a relatively weak crop of debuts, selling 74,000 to lock up sixth place. The fourteenth installment of the venerable Kidz Bop series grabbed eight. System of a Down side project Scars on Broadway took 17 with their self-titled debut, Rick Springfield managed to claim 28 with his new album Venus in Overdrive and Alice Cooper's Along Came a Spider crept in at 53.
Last Week's Heroes: Same last week's heroes as last week, except they sold a lot less copies this time around. The top five all stayed in the top five with some reshuffling. Despite a 45% drop in sales from the previous week, Sugarland still somehow claimed the top spot, likely because Miley Cyrus dropped 56% in sales. Only Kid Rock managed to stave off any percentile decrease with sales up 3% and a firm hold on the four slot in its astonishing 43rd week on the chart.


Producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura confirmed that the movie will at the very least reset the character away from that accursed Michael Bay!
It's been just a year, and still, many shudder at the words, Transformers: The Last Knight. and curl up into a corner in a fetal position trying to forget the horrors of cinema that were seen. Many thought Bumblebee spinoff would be the final gasp of that era. It appears that theory is apparently wrong (for the most part).
A producer for the movie, Lorenzo di Bonaventura, told to IGN while also revealing that titular Autobot will also have a voice in the movie as well (Dylan O'Brien shall be providing the voice).
But here's what Bonaventura said about the movie being a reset from what we've tried to repress, yet was burned into our eyes by the inflictions Michael Bay put upon us.
Since we were approaching this as an origin story, we felt that it was appropriate that you got to hear his voice. That's the simple logic that we employed. The longer term implication of that is different. But the short-term implication of that is, since we really are resetting the mythology, essentially, of who Bumblebee is.
So yes, it appears the movie will be ignoring the horrors of Bay! You can go into this movie with an open mind! REJOICE!! Bumblebee will roll out into theaters December 21st.


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Vehicle for transporting the lipophilicactive to the site of action.


The school was founded in Surrey in 1879 by a scholar from Oxford, originally with four pupils.
The boys were provided with a happy, harmonious learning environment in which good care was taken to ensure that the pupils were valued.
Today we pride ourselves on the fact that this traditional yet so important set of values is still very much part of the school's ethos.
Although celebrating all that is traditional, the school continues to adapt its curriculum to modern times. "Built on Tradition – Embracing the Future" represents our belief in developing the core values in our pupils that will prepare them for their journey ahead in life.
Whilst being very proud of our history, Parkside's aim has always been to be aspirational for its pupils by offering them a challenging, innovative, exciting and creative curriculum.


When in the last century French statistician Michael Gauquelin published the results of his ground-breaking statistical studies examining some basic tenets of astrology response from the academic community was anything but kind.
Gauquelin's work extended over a period of 23 years between 1949 and 1973. In a series of studies he statistically tested how the planets influenced everything from character traits to heredity, athletic prowess and the career paths taken by professionals who are eminent in their fields. Mostly, it was the studies dealing with eminent professionals and elite athletes that created such a ruckus in the scientific community.
Initially, in a study involving 508 births, Gauquelin impressively demonstrated a correlation of Mars and Saturn with physicians at a chance level in the millions to one range. Simply, in the birth charts of prominent physicians, Saturn or Mars were either rising or culminating in so-called Gauquelin "plus zones" with a significantly greater frequency than expected by chance.
One of the Gauquelin plus zones straddles what astrologers call the ascendant or rising sign on the birth chart's eastern horizon. Another hugs what astronomers call the meridian plane and astrologers refer to as the midheaven. Traditionally, planets posited near these "angles" in a birth chart are believed to express their influence more powerfully in the individual's life. Gauquelin had similar success correlating other professions with the planets traditionally identified with them. For example, Mars turned up in the plus zones for elite athletes, Saturn was there for scientists, the Moon for writers and Jupiter for actors and politicians. The significance level for some of these correlations was also in the millions to one chance level. However, this result applied only to eminent professionals and elite athletes and was not present in the birth charts of ordinary athletes or professionals who were not eminent in their fields, which gave critics some contentious talking points.
Michael Gauquelin is not the only researcher to demonstrate that planets rising on the Eastern horizon or culminating near the midheaven are more influential. A novel study by another French scientist, the late Prof. Suzel Fuzeau-Braesch of Paris University, sought to determine whether the behavior of 500 pedigreed puppies from 100 different litters would measurably correlate to rising or culminating planets in their birth charts. She was advised in this unique project by Michael's wife, Francoise Gauquelin, a statistician who also was closely involved with her husband in his work.
The whelping of a litter of puppies can extend over a period of several hours with as little as 15 minutes – or as much as two hours – between births. So birth charts lay out differently for every pup in a litter. The pups were closely monitored through the first eight weeks of life, but the hypothesized results were apparent almost immediately. Prof. Fuzeau-Braesch discovered that the dominant pups – the more aggressive, assertive, tail-wagging leaders of every group – had either the Sun or Jupiter rising or culminating in their birth charts with a frequency that far exceeded the threshold of significance established for the test.
Depending upon whatever else is going on in the heavens at the time, astrologers might describe humans with these same prominent planetary placements as charismatic, dominant, strong, sociable or influential. And psychologists might use the term extrovert when labeling these same essentially positive, outgoing personality traits. At Johnson State College in Vermont, Psychology and Counseling Professor David Fink studied the Gauquelin results and came up with an ingenious way to test whether planets in the plus zones could predict introversion-extraversion behavioral traits as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) questionnaire.
Rather than testing the birth data of eminent professionals, Prof. Fink found a more promising – and less controversial – way to test the Gauquelin plus zones. Over a period of 15 years he administered EPI tests to 932 college students at three universities: Johnson State, the University of Vermont and the University of Maine. He was especially interested in the EPI test's "E" scale, which is a measure of introversion-extraversion. A high score on the "E" scale equates to extraversion and a low score to introversion.
Astrologers associate the planet Jupiter with expansive, outgoing personality traits and Saturn with caution and reserve. Prof. Fink hypothesized that individuals with Jupiter in one of the plus zones identified by Gauquelin should test higher on the "E" scale while those with Saturn in these locations should test lower.
To analyze the collected data he reached out to astrological researcher David Cochrane, who at the time was enrolled in graduate classes in research methodology and statistics at the University of Florida. Cochrane is a past president of the International Society for Astrological Research (ISAR) and is Chairman and founder of the Cosmic Patterns astrological software company. At Florida University he got approval from the head of the Research and Evaluation Methodology Department to do the analysis as partial fulfillment for a three-credit independent study course. A professor in the Sociology Department, Monika Ardelt, mentored the project, providing "important suggestions that improved analysis of the results," he said.
"Statistical significance is the gold standard for an experimental design that evaluates whether a hypothesis is true or not. A result is generally regarded as being statistically significant if the probability of obtaining it is less than 5 percent, or what researchers call a p value of .05. Researchers should collect enough data to potentially obtain this level of significance," Cochrane explained.
He points out that the placement of Jupiter or Saturn in one of the plus zones is only one variable among a great many possible astrological variables that might affect the "E" score. Also, non-astrological factors like genetics and the environment may factor into the outcome as well. With 982 cases, the researchers wanted to determine whether the effect of a single variable could be detected. It was.
"The result for this data analysis, which is known in statistics as a 2-tailed t-test, was significant at the .05 p value level. In a more sophisticated test that included age as a predictor of the E score the result was even better with a 2 percent probability. Effectively, the hypothesis was clearly stated and was confirmed by the result. Because the students did not know how Prof. Fink would analyze the data at the time they were tested there was no way for their test scores to have been influenced by the hypothesis tested," he added.
According to Prof. Fink, if results of the research eventually are replicated in future studies with a similar design the significance will be twofold. For one thing, it will present to scientists in other fields suggestive evidence of the birth chart's validity that will be difficult to dismiss out of hand without further serious investigation. Also, it will provide practicing astrologers with more precise guidelines for interpreting the strength of angular planets located in the Gauquelin plus zones.
Prof. Fink says his primary interest in the subject revolves around approaching astrology "as an alternative language system that can help clinicians assess and conceptualize their clients with different terminology, and also communicate with clients in vocabulary that is less stigmatizing to them than the psychopathologizing categories we traditionally employ in the mental health field.
"I speak to my students about the study after first describing to them the ground breaking work of the Gauquelins, and the reluctance of most empirical scientists to engage with the Gauquelin results. Students are generally fascinated with the work, but at the same time are somewhat daunted by the statistical and methodological issues that inevitably must be addressed," he noted.
Edward Snow (not Edward Snowden) is the Managing Editor of the Astrology News Service (ANS). He is a former news reporter and publicist who has managed PR programs for national and regional clients. Snow is the editor of Astrology Considered: A Thinking Person's Guide which lists articles and stories from the Astrology News Service.


The evangelical church has gone through several phases since the Super Bowl started taking place right in the middle of the traditional Sunday night service.
Phase 1 (1980s): You are a bad Christian if you even think about skipping Sunday night service to watch the Super Bowl.
Phase 2 (early 1990s): We will all watch the Super Bowl at the church. This will include a potluck, youth fundraiser, and technical difficulties.
Phase 3 (late 1990s): Watch the Super Bowl with a group from the church, but you have to turn it off and do a devotional at half time.
Phase 4a (late 2000s): Watch the Super Bowl at home, but don't enjoy it too much. Don't get used to skipping church!
Phase 5 (early 2010s). Make the Sunday morning worship service to the Almighty God revolve around a Super Bowl theme. 🙂Worship team, buy your favorite NFL jersey to wear on stage.
Phase 6 (late 2010s): Skip church all day, because it's Super Bowl Sunday.
* Disclaimer: I had fun writing this post. It was not meant for pastoral direction or cultural critique.


Have You Been Charged With Shoplifting in Arizona?
Removing any of the goods from the immediate display or from any other place within the establishment without paying the purchase price; or Charging the purchase price of the goods to a fictitious person or any person without that person's authority; or Paying less than the purchase price of the goods by some trick or artifice such as altering, removing, substituting or otherwise disfiguring any label, price tag or marking; or Transferring the goods from one container to another; or Concealment.
What Sentencing Could I Be Facing?
The classification of filing is based on the value of the stolen property. If the item stolen is a firearm, the charge will be field as a class six (6) felony. The jail term for this charge is .5 year to 1.5 years with probation eligibility for a first offense, 1 year to 2.25 years with one historical prior and 3 years to 4.5 years with two historical priors.
If the value of the stolen item(s) is more than $2,500.00 the charge will be filed as a class five (5) felony. The jail term for this charge is .75 year to 2 years with probation eligibility for a first offense, 1.5 years to 3 years with one historical prior and 4 years to 6 years with two historical priors.
If the value of the stolen item(s) is more than $1,000.00 but less than $2,000.00 the charge will be filed as a class six (6) felony. The jail term for this charge is .5 year to 1.5 years with probation eligibility for a first offense, 1 year to 2.25 years with one historical prior and 3 years to 4.5 years with two historical priors.
If the value of the stolen item(s) is less than $1,000.00 the charge will be filed as a class one (1) misdemeanor. You could face up to six (6) months jail, and up to $2, 500 in fines with an 80% surcharge.


Ash Breeze is an up and coming band from Moore County, North Carolina. 2013 was an exciting year for us. We were signed by Mark Hodges at Mountain Fever Records. We were also blessed to perform on PBS's nationally syndicated Song of the Mountains in February at the Historic Lincoln Theatre in Marion Va., Bluegrass and Barbeque at Silver Dollar City in Branson MO and Dollywood in TN, South Carolina, Houstonfest in Galax VA, and Bluegrass Festivals in Vermont, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island Canada, as well as other great venues. Our Faith is also important to us and an influence on who we are and our music.
Trained classically until they switched to Bluegrass in 2010, they have created their own sound that defies labels. In their music you can hear many influences, including folk, jazz bluegrass, classical, blues, and Christian musical influences. What you will hear is a distinctive sound strong on instrumentation with tight, beautiful family harmonies. Nellie is quickly making a name for herself with her strong, distinctive beautiful and soulfull singing and smooth melodic award winning fiddle playing that has been greatly influenced by greats like Stuart Duncan and Andy Leftwich. Corey plays the guitar and sings and has a great style of his own that finds its way into the original music he writes. Corey is also the Producer of Generation Bluegrass, a video bluegrass project that is drawing a lot of attention. Luke plays banjo and the Cajon, and plays with a steady, and polished style. Eli plays mandolin with speed and finesse that is beyond his years and he also sings harmony vocals. Finally, Allen (Dad) tries to keep it all together on bass. Don't judge Ash Breeze by their age, but by their creative and distinctive sound that is fresh, creative, and mature.
Ash Breeze was formerly known as The Smith Family Band and was changed in the Fall of 2013. In 2013 they played bluegrass festivals in Vermont, Canada, and South Carolina. They also performed at the Barbeque and Bluegrass Festivals at Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri and Dollywood TN. In addition, they played at Houstonfest in Galax, Virginia the last 2 years, as well as many other venues. They were also featured WUNC's nationally syndicated show Song of the Mountains on the same show as Doyle Lawson and Quicksilver. That show will air in the spring of 2014. Ash Breeze's CD release with Mountain Fever Records in February of 2014 was produced by Aaron Ramsey and Mark Hodges, and is marked mainly by original material written by the band members.


We are a passionate team of designers and builders that strives to achieve excellence in every area of the design + build process. Our ultimate goal is to create homes built to the most exacting standards, which results in aesthetically striking, functional homes that embody the personal tastes of our clients.
We are a forward-thinking company that leads our industry by integrating the latest construction materials + techniques.
All the latest news from Rockridge Fine Homes.


Joe Swanberg's Alexander the Last is not the only Swanberg film here at SXSW. His wife Kris's movie, It Was Great, But I Was Ready To Come Home, premieres at the festival too. Pictured above at last night's Florida Fish Fry, from left to right, are Alexander the Last star Amy Seimetz, Swanberg, and Three Blind Mice director Matthew Newton.


Omoeraku Table Knife & Fork | Omoeraku by Miranda Style Co.
The original combination and individuality strike a balance between a dsign based on Japanese traditional knives and innovative evolution of art and imagination in the modern culinary scene, bringing the atmosphere of live cooking to your dining table.
Utilizing a Japanese knife design that firmly grips but lightly fits into the hand, the user can experience the delicateness, which matches well with intricate dishes.
We pursued lightness, yet considered an essence of weight and size that suits this design. When the wooden handle outlives its use, it is replaceable with a new wooden handle.
Using quality kitchenware and tableware for a long time by caring for it is at the foundation of Japanese culinary culture.
This new form of Omoeraku table knife is made in Sakae City, Osaka, famous for its traditional Japanese knife blacksmiths. It uses top Japanese quality high carbon stainless steel, which resists rust and corrosion and has a superior sharpness, making the same type of material suitable in the medical field as surgical knives.
The knives are suitable for both left and right-handed users because of the double sword blading and octagonal grip.
The food will cut extremely smoothly by pushing lightly and gliding the knife, allowing the user to concentrate on the enjoyment of food.
The table forks are made in Tsubame City, Niigata, which is a world-renown producer of cutlery. It uses SUS304 stainless steel, which is durable and scratch and corrosion resistant. The base is thickset and creates a beautiful contrast between the wooden handle and the thin, long matte fork blade. It is a simple yet sophisticated design, enabling long use and enjoyment.
The handle is made of "Ichii" (Taxus cuspidate), a traditional hardwood used for Japanese knives, naturally resistant to water.Its beautiful wood grain shows the white and reddish brown tree rings.
Also, "Ichii" means "Number One," signifying how historically this wood has been used to decorate sacred Shinto shrines, bringing good luck to the people.


The fuel loading system presented last year JAQ is ready with a few months delay. First, it is available with an operator in Sweden.
The Swedish company myFC CES his fuel loading system for mobile devices, announced last year showed. The system, called JAQ consists of a loading unit with fuel cell powered by cartridges in the form of cards.
Water and salt is in the cards, so, power is generated in the fuel cell, which should submit to a map for a load of Smartphone with 4G, a popular mobile network generation.
The easy card is inserted in the device with the fuel cell. After a short time, the device starts to produce electricity and, the phone connected with a USB cable can be charged. The producer speaks about 1800 mAh per card, which should cost depending on the discount between 1.50 and 2 dollars. JAQ with previous series cards was demonstrated at CES, because more approvals for the US market are missing the series product.
The system itself should initially be distributed by network operators which will also decide the price and any subsidies. In Sweden, JAQ is available since December of last year with the operator 3. The company is currently conducting talks with a carrier in the United Arab Emirates, where the charging system in the course of the second quarter on the market. The company made no information on further plans.


text:
Leanne Claire Hall (born 19 May 1980) is an English football goalkeeper and coach who played at full international level for England. She has spent much of her career in Yorkshire, starting at Sheffield Wednesday and enjoying two separate spells with both Doncaster Rovers Belles and Leeds United. Hall also played FA Women's Premier League football for Fulham and Leicester City Women, while the 2000 summer season was spent in Iceland with FH. In a career disrupted by serious injury, Hall attended UEFA Women's Euro 2001 and UEFA Women's Euro 2005 as a reserve goalkeeper. She most recently played for Birmingham City in the 2011 FA WSL.

In 2016 Leanne was announced as Birmingham City Assistant manager.

Hall is an accomplished double UEFA A licensed coach in goalkeeping and outfield play. Her skills have most recently been shared with Arsenal WFC.
She was a coach at Sheffield FC Ladies and the technical director of Leeds United Ladies' Centre.

Club career
Hall joined Doncaster Belles in 1995 from Sheffield Wednesday, leaving to join Leeds United Ladies in 2002. In the summer of 2000 Hall had played professional football in Iceland, making seven appearances for FH. In February 2003 Hall suffered a broken leg in Leeds' 3–0 FA Women's Cup defeat to Aston Villa. From Leeds she moved to Fulham Ladies in 2004, with whom she featured in a UEFA Women's Cup quarter final. She rejoined Doncaster Rovers Belles in the 2006 close season. Within a month of joining she was ruled out for a number of months due to requiring surgery for a persistent neck injury.

In July 2007 she rejoined Leeds Carnegie, as player-assistant-manager. She left Leeds to join Leicester City Women in October 2008. During her career to date Hall has been a finalist in three FA Women's Cups and a League Cup.

In summer 2011 Hall was signed by FA WSL leaders Birmingham City. She made an immediate debut in a 3–2 win at Bristol Academy after regular custodian Marie Hourihan suffered a recurrence of a shoulder injury during the pre–match warm up.

International career
Hall represented England, playing 24 times at full international level. She made her senior debut in August 2000, in a 1–0 friendly defeat to France, before 50,000 spectators at Stade Vélodrome. In April 2004 Hall was elevated to first choice for England when Pauline Cope retired from international football and Rachel Brown damaged her anterior cruciate ligament.

Coaching career
In 2004, Hall founded the Leanne Hall Sports & Goalkeeping School.

She landed a job with Sheffield Wednesday's football in the community department in January 2007.

Personal life
Rotherham–born Hall attended Brinsworth Comprehensive School and was a guest of honour at their 40th anniversary celebrations in April 2009.

References

External links

Living people
English women's footballers
England women's international footballers
Footballers from Rotherham
Fulham L.F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers Belles L.F.C. players
Leeds United Women F.C. players
FA Women's National League players
1980 births
Birmingham City W.F.C. players
Women's Super League players
Expatriate women's footballers in Iceland
English expatriate women's footballers
Leanne Hall
Leanne Hall
Leicester City W.F.C. players
Women's association football goalkeepers
Arsenal W.F.C. non-playing staff