I'm an introvert. I would shout that out to the world if that was something that introverts did.
I'm not afraid to admit (although this took some time) that I like being alone… a lot. Even some of my BEST friends I only see every couple of weeks, and weirdly, I'm totally okay with that. With this being said, I wouldn't trade my wolf pack of friends for the world. In fact, I immensely value the fact that I can see some of them only once a month or less, but we can just pick up where we left off. No relationships tarnished over time apart.
This past year, I've been busily planning my 3-month long trip to Europe (which I'm living right now!!). Pretty early on, I knew I wanted to ask a certain couple of ladies if they wanted to meet up with me. These gems are a perfect description of the friendship I described above: we talk every so often, and seeing each other is rare (distance makes it pretty tough)… but our friendship runs deep. Meaningful, yet hilarious and light at the same time.
When we have gotten to see each other, its been a reunion of epic proportions.
That's how I knew that we needed to be reunited again in Europe. When I brought it up to them, I got a big fat YES. We all decided that Portugal was a good spot, mostly because none of us had been there yet. I could not have been more stoked to get such a sure and effortless commitment from them, and I'm happy to say Portugal did not disappoint.
All because they said yes.
More importantly, they make me say yes.
Yes, to that pub crawl.
Yes, to that extra glass of wine.
Yes, to bold life choices.
Yes, to stepping outside of my comfort zone.
All of these things may seem small from an outsider's perspective, but like I said at the start, as an introvert, there are some things I would NOT do by my own volition.
So while it's important to say no to toxic things in life that do not serve you, I can't say enough about how much it has shaped me as a person to have friends who say yes. Who know each other so well and fiercely encourage one another other to live life to its fullest.
Thanks for the "flappa flappa" vacation, reunion, and friendship ladies.
You are squeezing so much fun and experiences in your life, good for you.


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text:
StephenClarke
Prev news Next news
Who will be the new 007?
Stephen Clarke News / Who will be the new 007?
Maybe it really is time for a female 007
When it was first announced that the 007 number was being given to a woman agent, there was a huge outcry from Bond purists. Lashana Lynch, the actor who plays Nomi, the female successor to Bond in No Time to Die, had to suspend her social media accounts to protect herself against trolls and abusers. Not only is she a woman, she's also black. Nothing at all like the "real" 007, her critics claimed.
But, leaving apart the fact that during the film [Spoiler Alert …] she agrees to return the 007 badge to James Bond for his [Even Huger Spoiler Alert …] final mission, what were the purists, sexists and racists so annoyed about?
If they want to defend the "real" 007, they should look back at Ian Fleming's original idea for the character.
In 1953, when Fleming published his first novel, Casino Royale, his prototype James Bond was totally unlike Daniel Craig or even Sean Connery.
Agent 007 was a chain-smoking borderline alcoholic who drove a 1930s Bentley and lived alone in London with his aged Scottish housemaid. This "real" Bond was an obsessive foodie, a faddist who "abhorred" lace-up shoes, who had his cigarettes custom-made, and couldn't function if he hadn't washed his hair with his favourite brand of shampoo – Pinaud Elixir, a highly exclusive Parisian concoction made with quinine (to ward off mosquitoes, maybe?)
Even more old-school than all this, the original Bond spouted racial and gender stereotypes that would get him fired from today's secret services. In Casino Royale, he declares all Bulgarians essentially stupid, and says that he can't work with women because they are a "distraction" (he means that they're all so desperate to sleep with him that he can't concentrate on spying.)
From a modern perspective, Fleming's later books are just as flawed – Live and Let Die, for example, is peppered with the N-word, and Bond expresses surprise that African Americans are actually good at organized crime.
In short, Fleming's original Bond was a character of his times – an embittered former World War Two naval officer who used alcohol and cigarettes as a kind of emotional crutch, as did plenty of war veterans. In the 1950s, a naval Commander like Bond would not have been used to working alongside women for the simple reason that, in real life, female members of the Royal Navy were not permitted to serve at sea until 1990. Bond was only as sexist as the world around him.
And to be fair, Fleming allowed his character to evolve. Apparently, as a typical old Etonian, he was appalled when the film producers cast the Scottish former milkman Sean Connery as the screen 007 in Doctor No. But the author quickly warmed to Connery, and even changed the Bond character accordingly, making him half-Scottish in later books.
Ian Fleming died of liver failure in 1964, aged only 56, and if he'd lived to be a hundred, maybe he would have allowed Bond to morph much further.
Because if a chain-smoking sexist with racial prejudices was a typical male of the 1950s, a female agent who can kill terrorists with her bare hands is very 21st century. So why shouldn't Lashana Lynch play 007? After all, the producers already changed M's gender once, with Judi Dench replacing the crusty males who had previously played Bond's boss.
A female 007 would therefore seem to be a logical evolution of Fleming's original intention almost 70 years ago – to create a thoroughly modern spy.
Though having seen No Time to Die, I don't think Lashana Lynch will inherit the franchise. This is just a feeling, based on the way that in the film, her character gets overtly compared to Daniel Craig's male 007, and comes off distinctly second best. He's made out to be much tougher than her, and she ends the movie as a kind of heavily-armed babysitter.
No, for me, the logical new 007 has to be [Spoiler Alert Number 003 …] Bond's daughter Mathilde. She will be carrying on in the family tradition, like Harry Potter, so she can be inspired by her dad's example rather than competing with him.
And, most of all, Mathilde's 007 will be half-French, so she'll be perfectly at home using that Parisian Pinaud Elixir shampoo.
The Spy Who Inspired Me
Death Goes Viral
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If you type your email address into the little box on the right, I'll send you the occasional short newsflash – only about what I'm up to, not third-party advertising or anything like that. And I don't share out email addresses.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This apartment for up to 4 persons is situated on the ground floor and consists of two bedrooms, a living room and kitchen. The kitchen is equipped with electric stove, refrigerator, microwave and coffee maker, there is one bathroom with shower and toliete and a nice terrace with furniture. SAT-TV, air condition, WLAN, bed linen and towels are included in the price, pets are welcome on charge.


Love is a powerful theme that features throughout history, with the power to launch a thousand ships or destroy a country. Zainab bint RasulAllah (sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam) is an example of the strength of love and a Muslim woman's patience and courage.
Although her story does not feature as prominently in Islamic history as some other Sahabiyaat such as her mother, Khadijah, or her step-mother A'ishah, she experienced one of the most difficult struggles faced by Muslim women: the battle between true love and spiritual conviction.
Zainab bint RasulAllah (sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam) married her maternal cousin Abu'l 'Aas ibn Rabee' before the onset of her father's prophethood. They loved each other dearly, and their marriage was one of the happiest in all of Makkah.
The first year of RasulAllah's Prophethood was a difficult one for Zainab. She instantly believed in her father's Divine Message, but unfortunately, Abu'l 'Aas refused to accept Islam. Citing the anger of Quraysh as an excuse, Abu'l 'Aas continued to love and protect his wife, but did not choose to share her faith.
When RasulAllah made his hijrah to Madinah, Zainab requested that she be allowed to stay with her husband, who was still a non-Muslim. In the months that followed, she was the only believer left within the boundaries of Makkah.
Parted from her family, isolated from other Muslims, Zainab found comfort in the love that she shared with Abu'l 'Aas.
However, after the Battle of Badr, during which Abu'l 'Aas was taken prisoner by the Muslims, the command came from Allah that no Muslim woman was allowed to stay with her non-Muslim husband. RasulAllah accepted Abu'l 'Aas' ransom payment and released him, but he also instructed him to send Zainab to Madinah.
As much as this second parting with her husband made her heart ache even more, Zainab's commitment to Allah's Pleasure over her own demanded that she obey His Command.
Her arduous journey to Madinah, which involved her being ambushed and suffering a miscarriage, reminded her every moment that she was sacrificing the safety and solace of her husband's love for a life of difficulty. Instead of turning back, instead of using her husband's protection for her practice of Islam as an excuse to defy the direct order of Allah, she drew upon the strength of her emaan to overcome the pain of losing the love of her life.
Zainab remained in Madinah, refusing to remarry, while Abu'l 'Aas continued to live in Makkah, anguished at the separation from his wife. Eventually, a sequence of events resulted in his recapture by the Muslims, who brought him to Madinah. Overwhelmed to know that her beloved was near, Zainab publicly announced that she was providing sanctuary to Abu'l 'Aas. Smiling, RasulAllah accepted her claim of protection and released him into her care, but with the warning that they could not live together as husband and wife. After some time, Abu'l 'Aas finally accepted Islam, and their reunion was complete.
Today, many Muslim women try to justify their choice to marry non-Muslim men by saying that these men love them for who they are and respect their faith. But if the daughter of the Messenger of Allah was commanded to leave her non-Muslim husband, who loved her passionately and never prevented her from practising Islam, how can we make the excuse that our transient, mortal love is worth defying Allah?
It is sincere sacrifice, out of true love for Allah, that will grant us both the sweetness of mortal love as well as that of the Divine. It is the decision to choose our love for the Divine over the transience of worldly love, that will truly determine the strength of our spiritual courage and make us worthy of Allah's Divine Love in return.
Zainab bint Younus (AnonyMouse) is a young woman who finds constant inspiration in the lives of the Sahabiyaat and other great women in Islamic history. She hopes that every Muslimah is able to identify with the struggles of these inspirational women and follow in their footsteps to become a part of a new generation of powerful Muslim women. She blogs at http://www.thesalafifeminist.blogspot.com where this article was published.
Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned, the saying goes, and even Islamic history is a testament to the statement. Women are powerful figures, whether as heroines or villains, and the role they play in every great story cannot be denied. A woman's love, or a woman's hatred, can change the course of battles, can shatter hearts, and can create victory out of ashes.
Such women play a large role in Islamic history; great heroines who are known for their purity of spirit and magnitude of sacrifice. However, amongst the women of the early Muslim Ummah, was someone who was not always pure and innocent, someone whose life was devoted to anger, to hatred, to destroying Islam itself.
In the books of seerah, Hind bint 'Utbah emerges as a ferocious figure, an infamous villainess who devoted a large part of her life to bringing down her sworn enemy, the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam). Although she was the wife of the Prophet's distant cousin, the Qurayshi chieftain Abu Sufyan, Hind was most known for her relationship with RasulAllah: she was one of his earliest enemies, and one of those most dedicated to undermining and defeating him.
Perhaps her most infamous act, Hind commanded her slave Wahshi ibn Harb to hunt down Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib on the battlefield of Uhud in retaliation for the death of her father and brothers at the hands of the Muslim army at the battle of Badr. Determined to wreak the most of her vengeance, Hind cut out Hamza's liver and chewed it raw before spitting out on the gory remains of the battlefield.
In the narrations that discuss the strength of Hind's enmity towards Islam, certain characteristics can't help but be noticed: her fierce sense of honour, the passion behind her beliefs, the iron determination that fuelled all her actions.
It is not recorded that they met in person until after the Conquest of Makkah (although that may have happened, due to their familial relationship), but it is obvious that RasulAllah (sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam) was aware of her as an individual, and of her role in the Makkah-based opposition against him.
Hind bint 'Utbah accepted Islam after the Conquest of Makkah, and the narration regarding her conversion is a fascinating one.
RasulAllah immediately understood what she meant by that statement. She, the woman who had waged such a strong campaign against him for so long, who had ordered the assassination of his beloved uncle, had just professed her Islam.
Even now, when most women would be humiliated to present themselves to the person who had been their avowed enemy for so long, Hind bint Utbah was a woman whose pride and self-respect would not allow her to give into humiliation. Even when she surrendered to RasulAllah and accepted Islam, she did so with a dignity and fierce pride that remain an example to all Muslim women.
In return, the Messenger of Allah did not insult her, turn her away, denigrate her, or otherwise reject her. He treated his former enemy with all the grace and dignity befitting him, sallAllahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
After her acceptance of Islam, Hind channeled her passionate energy for the sake of Allah. Just as she used to sing fierce poetry on the battlefield to spur the Qurayshi troops, she now walked along the lines of the Muslim army, reciting powerful verses to keep the Muslim soldiers steadfast. She was present at the Battle of Yarmuk, and narrated several ahadeeth that were recorded and authenticated in various books of ahadeeth.
Hind remains an integral part of Islamic history, an example for Muslim women around the world. She remains a symbol of ferocity, of power, and integrity; proof that hatred can turn to love, that enmity can become the purest allegiance. Hind was, and is, proof that having a spotless past is not a requirement for accepting Islam, or of being a good Muslim woman; only sincerity of heart and purity of faith matter.
Success is personal and everyone has their own definition of it. And that's cool.
Some would define success as academic achievements, some as moving up the career ladder or promotion, some as being the best parent/child/spouse, some as been able to pray every night and read a few pages of Qur'an every single day, and some would define it as a combination of all.
Again, that's cool because each one of us is different and each one of us has different dreams and hopes and wishes to achieve.
All successful people – in whatever they are successful in – have daily routines and habits that they have established.
The early hours are the best. Praying night prayer in the last third of the night. Then praying Fajr and then reading some Qur'an. It's also one of the best times to read Qur'an as it's witnessed and recorded by the angels. And then follow this with quiet contemplation or in other words dhikr-Allah. Recite some tasbee, focus on the meaning. It will help quieten the mind of useless chatter and help us focus better.
There's a reason why many meditate and do yoga in the early hours and that's one of the reasons they can have laser focus and achieve so much!
If you haven't already then master the morning prayer routine and then add your mantras to it.
They are like statements – positive statements – repeated often which get us into a positive mindset and help us focus on the task at hand or our long term goals.
Would you like to succeed and continuously have that 'energy switch' which gets you onto top form, as and when you need it? Then it's time to create YOUR 'Unique Success Mantra' (if you haven't already).
Read it, memorize it, and switch into 'Excel-Mode' as and when you need to.
But before we begin – we need to clear the clutter and have a soulful therapy moment.
We need to get rid of the trash from our soul and know that 'things will happen' – yes they will; that's the nature of our lives. Even if you're the happiest care-free soul, it doesn't mean you won't be put into compromising situations. Even if issues are not to do with you directly, but rather a loved one, friends, or colleagues – sometimes intimate and close relations – how do you deal with their issue(s) successfully, help them through, and then switch back into your own 'Excel Mode', back on track?
It's about recognising and appreciating the importance of 'each' moment, which ties into the core of your existence – your life – which is limited and being time-bound, we have to get the best and enough done in the 'time' we have and so that means working on our 'focus'.
We need to keep in mind the above and work on a step by step method for regaining our focus.
a) Appreciate your life as 'Limited, Time-Bound and Precious'.
b) Your goals and ambitions are all time-bound – we have to achieve them in a specific time.
d) Know that there is someone who you call on 24/7, 365 days without an appointment and without waiting in a queue and who will help you. Who? Allah.
e) Supplicate (make du'a) to Him and ask Him to help you.
f) Know that you're a means by which Allah wants goodness for your loved one. He put you there to help them – He gives you the strength to help them.
g) Know that you can only help those who want to be helped – in the end it's between them and God.
h) Be polite, assertive, direct, and confident when helping your loved ones – because you need to get back to your work/life/study – and there's only so much you can do for someone.
i) Always leave them in a happy, positive state – leave them with du'as, ayahs, and hadiths – leave them hopeful, and insha'Allah they will soon see the light.
j) After you've helped them go back to your 'Success Mantra' (which we will create in a minute) and point #a above.
k) Eat healthy food, fruit, and vegetables; drink plenty of water; maintain light exercise daily; walk daily; be in nature (parks, trees, flowers); and listen to some Qur'an. Take a tech-break – no phones, TV, net, social media etc.
l) If the issues are seriously intense then do the above point #k at least three times (different things from the list insha'Allah to add variety); read your 'Success Mantra' again; read point #a above again – and you'll soon be back on track and you'll have regained your focus insha'Allah!
As I pointed out above, we need to fix the issues of our soul first and you know things will creep up but you have to create awareness and be ready to deal with them.
So now we have regained our focus – it's time to create our 'Success Mantra' insha'Allah.
I'm going to share mine with you. Use it as a template or be inspired to jot your own down. In fact, mine is not even a one word statement or one line sentence. It's a whole paragraph and was inspired by a personal development book I read. Its pretty personal to me as I add the things that apply directly to me so you can add your own and personalise it insha'Allah.
It's helped me to create laser focus and to get things done – alhamdulilah. And I read it daily!
By the way success is allowed in Islam – when how we deal with it and how we use it is allowed.
Remember we have 'One Life and One Chance' to do good and right things. We should all have that 'One Vision': Jannah al-Firdaus. And to get there we have to pass the tests from this life. And Allah (SWT) grants success to whom He wills – in this world and the next!
Just before you create yours and read it I want you to do a quick exercise. This involves you getting into a peak state. Think of a time when you were really happy with your achievement (whatever it is). I want you to feel that moment throughout your body. I want you to smell all the smells associated with it. What things were going through your mind at that time? What were you feeling? Feel it. Use all your five senses. Increase the feeling. Make it very bright and visual. Make it into 3D. And when you're at that peak state (or a halal happy high) write your mantra and start repeating it.
Insha'Allah in our next main issue in February 2015 we'll host interviews with Muslimah Etsy shopkeepers including Hafsa Taher and Hafsa Khizier….
Young Muslimah Magazine especially love her box 'Eid cards masha'Allah.
Young Muslimah particularly love Hafsa Khizier's decorated notebooks masha'Allah.


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text:
@interface ModifyPasswordViewSecondController : XSViewController<UITextFieldDelegate,UIScrollViewDelegate,UITableViewDelegate,UITableViewDataSource>
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString * userName;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
# DataPoint best practices

All documentation here is meant to serve as advice and comes from our learnings on using the library ourselves. If you have new/improved/different ways to approach similar problems we encourage you to share it with us.

## Entities

### Creation

There are two ways to create an entity in DataPoint:

- [Registered entities](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#registered-entity)
- [Instance entities](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#instance-entity)

Each one is meant to be used for different use cases and because of this each one provides advantages over the other depending the situation.

#### Registered Entity

It is meant to be [registered](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#registered-entity) into DataPoint instance and available globally at any given point via a reducer in string form see: [Entity By Id Reducer](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#entity-by-id-reducer).

**Example:**

```js
const DataPoint = require('data-point')
const entities = {
  'model:Card': {
    value: {
      id: '$uid',
      title: '$shortTitle',
      date: localizeDate('lastModified')
    }
  }
}
const dp = DataPoint.create({
  entities, // registering entities
})

// call entity by registered reference
dp.resolve('model:Card', input)
  .then(result => {
    console.dir(result)
  })
```

#### Instance Entity

It is designed to be used as a stand-alone reducer that can be declared on a module and exported to be used elsewhere. Because it is the result of an entity factory it produces a variable which can easily be looked up using lookup functionality on most modern IDEs. (e.g. [vscode go-to-definition](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/editingevolved#_go-to-definition)).

**Example:**

```js
const DataPoint = require('data-point')

// card is a variable you can export from a module
const Card = DataPoint.Model('Card', {
  value: {
    id: '$uid',
    title: '$shortTitle',
    date: localizeDate('lastModified')
  }
})

const dp = DataPoint.create()

// we call the entity directly
dp.resolve(Card, input)
  .then(result => {
    console.dir(result)
  })
```

### Performance

Both entities internally are exactly the same, the main difference is how DataPoint access them when they are executed. Registered entities need to be looked up, which usually takes nanoseconds depending on how many entities are registered and could be considered the only real disadvantage compared to an entity instance.

#### Feature comparison

| Usage | Registered | Instance |
|:--|:--:|:--:|
| Testable | ✔ | ✔ |
| Globally available | ✔ | ✖ |
| Suited to be exported as part of a module | ✖ | ✔ |
| Discoverability | ✖ | ✔ |
| Compilation check | ✖ | ✔ |
| Runtime check | ✔ | ✔ |

## Testing

Testing DataPoint transformations should not be any different from any other

### Reducer Paths

[Reducer paths](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#path-reducer) are the most basic reducer and probably they not worth testing individually, if what you want is to test data integrity you should probably either use the Entity's [type checking](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#entity-type-check) hooks or/and use the [Schema Entity](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#schema-entity) for a full JSONSchema validation.

### Function Reducer

[Function Reducer](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#function-reducer) should be tested as any other Javascript function. A function reducer receives an accumulator object as its second parameter which at times you might need to [mock](#mocking-accumulator-object) to be able to test your reducer. On most cases testing a function reducer does not need an instance of DataPoint to test its functionality.

### Object Reducer

To test an [Object Reducer](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#object-reducer).

💡 Requires a DataPoint instance to test

Example ([examples/object-reducer.test.js](examples/object-reducer.test.js)):

```js
const DataPoint = require('data-point')

function getMonth(rawDate) {
  const date = new Date(rawDate)
  return date.getMonth() + 1
}

const Card = {
  id: '$uid',
  title: '$shortTitle',
  monthCreated: ['$dateCreated', getMonth]
}

// getMonth unit tests are omitted for the purpose of the example

describe('Card Object Reducer', () => {
  it('should create Card Object', async () => {
    const dataPoint = DataPoint.create()

    const input = {
      uid: 123,
      shortTitle: 'Some Title',
      dateCreated: '2018-12-04T03:24:00'
    }

    const result = await dataPoint.resolve(Card, input)

    expect(result).toEqual({
      id: 123,
      title: 'Some Title',
      monthCreated: 12
    })
  })
})
```

### Instance entity

Example ([examples/entity.test.js](examples/entity.test.js)):

💡 Requires a DataPoint instance to test

```js
/* eslint-env jest */

const DataPoint = require('data-point')

const checkCardInputSchema = DataPoint.createTypeCheckReducer(
  (input) => {
    return typeof input.uid === 'number' && typeof input.shortTitle === 'string'
  },
  '{uid:Number, shortTitle:String}'
)

const CardModel = DataPoint.Model('Card', {
  inputType: checkCardInputSchema,
  value: {
    id: '$uid',
    title: '$shortTitle'
  }
})

describe('Card Entity', () => {
  it('should create Card Object', async () => {
    const dataPoint = DataPoint.create()
    const input = {
      uid: 123,
      shortTitle: 'Some Title'
    }

    await expect(dataPoint.resolve(CardModel, input))
      .resolves.toEqual({
        id: 123,
        title: 'Some Title'
      })
  })

  it('should check for input type', async () => {
    const dataPoint = DataPoint.create()

    const input = {
      shortTitle: 'Some Title'
    }

    await expect(dataPoint.resolve(CardModel, input))
      .rejects.toMatchSnapshot()
  })
})
```

### List Reducer

A [List Reducer](https://github.com/ViacomInc/data-point/tree/master/packages/data-point#list-reducer) is nothing more than an array with other reducers inside. You can test them in the same way you would test a single reducer by passing the List Reducer to the `dataPoint.resolve()` method and testing against the result.

### Mocking

To keep your tests more focused it could be a good idea to isolate the behavior of the transformation you want to test and replace any external dependencies through a mocking mechanism.

#### Mocking Accumulator Object

**Example:**

Using `Accumulator.create` factory for mocking the **Accumulator** object:

```js
const Accumulator = require('data-point/lib/accumulator')

function getLocalizedMonth(valuePath) {
  return (input, acc) => {
    const rawDate = get(input, valuePath)
    const date = new Date(rawDate)
    return acc.locals.i18n.months[date.getMonth()]
  }
}

describe('getLocalizedMonth', () => {
  it('should return localized month name', () => {
    const acc = Accumulator.create()
    const i18n = {
      months: ['Enero', 'Febrero', /* rest of months... */ ]
    }
    acc.locals.i18n = i18n

    expect(getLocalizedMonth(new Date('2018-02-04T03:24:00'))).toEqual('Febrero')
  })
})
```

#### Mocking a Request

Internally on DataPoint, we are using [nock](https://www.npmjs.com/package/nock) to mock Request entities.

Example ([examples/request-entity-mock.test.js](request-entity-mock.test.js)):

```js
const DataPoint = require('data-point')
const nock = require('nock')

const PersonByIdRequest = DataPoint.Request('PersonByIdRequest', {
  url: 'https://swapi.co/api/people/{value}/'
})

describe('PersonByIdRequest', () => {
  it('should request Swapi API to fetch a person by its id', async () => {
    const dataPoint = DataPoint.create()

    const response = {
      name: 'Obi-Wan Kenobi'
    }

    nock('https://swapi.co')
      .get('/api/people/10/')
      .reply(200, response)

    const result = await dataPoint.resolve(PersonByIdRequest, 10)

    expect(result).toEqual(response)
  })
})
```

## Asynchronous execution

By design DataPoint transformations are asynchronous, this provides maximum flexibility for writing your code but it also means that there are some things we must take into account and some patterns to be avoided to provide the best performance

Patterns related to this topic:

- grouping multiple synchronous reducers together
- picking/omitting keys from an object
- using functions to manipulate objects
- optimizing operations on collections

## Patterns

### Pure Functions

We should think of DataPoint only as a transformation tool, your transformations should(when possible) follow the same principles of [pure functions](https://medium.com/javascript-scene/master-the-javascript-interview-what-is-a-pure-function-d1c076bec976):

- Given the same inputs, always returns the same output.
- [Referential transparency](https://medium.com/@olxc/referential-transparency-93352c2dd713) - if the expression can be replaced with its value without changing the program's behavior.
- **Produce no side effects** - the expression should not alter any external state (this includes not mutating any of the parameter values).

⚠ It should be stressed that you should not modify the accumulator object (because it's very tempting to modify it directly). Since everything is async, modifying the accumulator could have unpredictable results if multiple reducers have a reference to the same object.

### Higher Order Reducers

There are multiple types of reducers, you can use them directly on a transformation, or you can use the pattern of [higher order functions](https://medium.com/javascript-scene/higher-order-functions-composing-software-5365cf2cbe99) to create dynamic/parameterized reducers.

- Dynamically create a reducer
- Parameterize the creation of a reducer
- Create multiple reducers with similar or default configurations

#### Function reducer

```js
function getLocale(localeId) {
  return (input, acc) => {
    // assume acc.locals.localization holds a Map of all available locales
    return acc.locals.localization.get(localeId)
  }
}
```

#### Entity Reducer

```js
const SwapiAPI = (service) => {
  // generates a Request Entity with name `SwapiAPI-${service}`
  return Request(`SwapiAPI-${service}`, {
    // inject the resolved value to the end of the URL
    url: `https://swapi.co/api/${service}/{value}`,
    params: {
      cache: {
        ttl: '20m'
        staleWhileRevalidate: '1h'
      }
    }
  })
}

// for hitting: https://swapi.co/api/people/{value}
const PeopleRequest = SwapiAPI('people')

// for hitting: https://swapi.co/api/planets/{value}
const PlanetsRequest = SwapiAPI('planets')

dataPoint.resolve(PeopleRequest, 10).then((result) => {
  // result would be the value of:
  // https://swapi.co/api/people/10
}))
```

### Picking/omitting keys from an object

Using utilities like lodash's [_.pick](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.11#pick) and [_.omit](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.11#omit) can help you around this, especially if you do not intend to change any of the key's name.

⚠ It can be tempting to use the Object reducer **only** to pick properties from an input source, this is not be the best usage of this reducer, mainly because the resolution of each key is executed asynchronously.

💡 Lodash by default does not support currying or value at the end, for this you may want to look into [lodash/fp](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/wiki/FP-Guide) or [ramda](https://ramdajs.com/docs/#pick)

💡 Lodash pick/omit support deep nesting of properties (unfortunately ramda does not) such as the example below:

```js
pick({a: 1, b: {c: 2, d: 3}}, ['a', 'b.d']) -> {a: 1, b: {d: 3}}
```

**Examples:**

NOTE: assume `PeopleRequest` makes a request to an external API to get a Person Object.

Instead of this:

```js
const Person = {
  name: '$name',
  height: '$height',
  mass: '$mass'
}

dataPoint.resolve([PeopleRequest, Person], 10)
  .then((result) => {

  })
```

Using lodash's [_.pick](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.11#pick):

```js
const pick = require('lodash/pick')

// you must wrap pick in a function so you can use it as a reducer
const pickPersonFields = (value) => pick(value, [
  'name',
  'height',
  'mass'
])

dataPoint.resolve([PeopleRequest, pickPersonFields], 10)
  .then((result) => {

  })
```

Using lodash's fp/pick: ([FP-Guide](https://github.com/lodash/lodash/wiki/FP-Guide))

```js
// fp/pick has the signature of ([paths]. object) and accepts curring
const pick = require('lodash/fp/pick')

const pickPersonFields = pick([
  'name',
  'height',
  'mass'
])

dataPoint.resolve([PeopleRequest, pickPersonFields], 10)
  .then((result) => {

  })
```

Using Ramda [pick](https://ramdajs.com/docs/#pick)

```js
// ramda natively supports curring and supplied value is last parameter
const R = require('ramda')

const pickPersonFields = R.pick([
  'name',
  'height',
  'mass'
])

dataPoint.resolve([PeopleRequest, pickPersonFields], 10)
  .then((result) => {

  })
```

### Grouping multiple synchronous reducers together

If you want to execute multiple synchronous operations, it is a performance improvement to chain them by using the compose pattern. You can find implementations of this pattern on Lodash [_.flow](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.11#flow) or Ramda's [R.compose](https://ramdajs.com/docs/#compose).

Instead of:

```js
const reducers = [
  (input) => input.split(' '),
  (input) => input.map(word=> word[0].toUpperCase() + word[0].substring(1))
  (input) => input.join(''))
]

dataPoint.resolve(reducers, 'how do you do')
  .then((result) => {
    console.assert(result, 'HowDoYouDo')
  })
```

Using compose:

```js
// this creates a function that will be treated as a single reducer
const wordsToCamelCase = _.flow([
  (input) => input.split(' '),
  (input) => input.map(word=> word[0].toUpperCase() + word[0].substring(1))
  (input) => input.join(''))
])

dataPoint.resolve(wordsToCamelCase, 'how do you do')
  .then((result) => {
    console.assert(result, 'HowDoYouDo')
  })
```


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My youngest daughter is a very big Harry Potter fan and seems to know every detail about the topic. In a couple of weeks she is going to Oz Comic-Con here in Melbourne in a Hermione Granger costume and asked me to make her the beaded bag.
I did a bit of research and the blog Finding My Way gave me a lot of inspiration on how to make it.
I have made a tutorial and a pattern that you can download from my tutorials page or use the links. This is my version of the bag and not a replica.
It is a quite easy tutorial and one of those projects where you can play around with materials and embellishments. In addition to cotton fabric I used scraps of velvet and satin. For embellishments I used a braided ribbon and black seed beads and also the decorative stitches on my sewing machine which I usually don't use very often. I hope you enjoy the tutorial.


This year is Great Lake Brewery's 30th anniversary and this remarkable and blue-chip craft brewer is commemorating the event with a year-long celebration of new, special beers. We both love GLB and one or more of their beers is a constant fixture in our fridge (esp. two previously reviewed by Dale Lake Effect and their Pumpkin which is one of Dale's favourites) — it's a trusted Ontario craft brewer and their 30 years of success is indicative of the fact they were a pioneer in this field who has stood the test of time and developed a large, loyal following. We are all in for joining any fan club. Jess has been mentioning Octopus Wants to Fight to Dale since she first heard about it on Twitter and saw the hilarious can design – so we finally stopped by the LCBO to taste a trending treat and offer our own review.
We really wanted to get a big bold fermentation profile out of this beer to develop a unique balance focused on the yeast-hop interaction and bio-modification. We use a "Brett-like" yeast to get that unique dimension.
Stats: American Pale Ale ♦ 6.2% ABV; 88 IBUs ♦ Toronto, Ontario.
Mouth Feel: medium carbonation; light/soft in the mouth.
The can really is awesome and makes me smile every time I see Octo with his 4 boxing gloves, bandages on his head and his angry eyes staring at me. As the can says, this pet octopus is a bit of a jerk and after a couple of beers, even worse. I see him taking me in, challenging me to review this beer, if I dare…. Let's see if what's inside the can wants to fight or be friends…?
I'm not really sure what the truth is because the GLB states that they brewed with 8 types of hops and 8 types of malts and aimed for 88 IBU and 8.8% alcohol….but Octo found out that all this info was "fabricated" … so aside from the 88IBUs listed in the stats and the 6.2% actual alcohol volume, I don't know if the rest is true or not!
The beer pours with a nice tight head of tiny bubbles and is a pretty straw colour, unfliltered. A 1mm ring of foam remained on the top of the beer throughout my tasting. The aroma is fairly light with citrus (grapefruit) notes and otherwise the malts (8 types??) in this brew bring through gentle but sweet yeasty-bread and toasted grain notes and the hops (8 types??) bring bitters that can be perceived by the nose with a bit of fresh grassiness almost a tiny bit like a beer brewed with some fresh hops. My mouth is watering in anticipation….
The mouthfeel is quite light – both because the carbonation is so soft (perfect in my opinion), and because the beer itself is light and doesn't hang around long on the palate. I almost said it was watery, but I think 'light' is a better description because there isn't any flavour missing and I believe this is probably by design.
The first sip is a touch underwhelming – at 88 IBUs (and with its name) I was expecting a bit more punch. But the flavours are very nice and expertly balanced. The same citrus notes and grassy freshness comes through but the malts and yeast are less prominent in the mouth than they were on the nose. It washes down easily and doesn't hang around very long – light, mild on the malts and the bitter grapefruit sticks around a little bit – the aftertaste is relatively short.
This beer isn't particularly remarkable (it's not "OMG you have to try this….") but it is a very enjoyable, balanced and easy-to-drink IPA which I would certainly buy again and keep around the house – it really is appropriate any day, on its own and probably with most food. Even though this is a 'strong beer', it is quite sessionable and the 88 IBU rating shouldn't scare you away if you generally wouldn't choose something higher on the bitter scale. I would say that if it stays in production, Octo will be ideal on a summer Saturday afternoon on the deck or patio.
If it wasn't abundantly clear from the pages of this blog, I'm self-declared dog person. That said, I'm an open-minded guy, so if someone wants a pet octopus and thinks it a good idea, well, who am I to argue, especially if he's a patron of the beer-arts. Tentacles aside, the inspiration for this beer is a whole lot of crazy 8's — a big boy of beer, no matter how you cut it. So let's take a dance around the ring with this cephalopod and see what comes off the bottom.
The beer pours a slightly murky dark gold and produces ample head which ebbs almost as quickly as it emerged, leaving just a skim of lace over the surface of the beer which remained through most of the session. The lack of filtration, it should be noted, produces a lot of flavour, which I'll come to next. The nose is all westcoast and all IPA. There is no bread on this ocean dweller — but there is lots of fruit and by fruit, I mean big big grapefruit. There is some floral/evergreen to go with a bit of a walk through a pine forest. The beer is fresh and wants you to drink it. On the tongue, the aroma profiles come alive with immediate bitter grapefruit — and this is a beer which is not shameful about being bitter. The malts are there to round things out, but there is hardly any sweetness or caramel, just a mosaic — remember the alleged 8 varieties of hops? one is "mosaic" — which makes for a complex and difficult to pin down flavour profile. And while I'm a big lover of west-coast IPAs, many can become a bit oh-hum, "Oh, that flavour again." This is clearly different — yet familiar. The grapefruit we know well; but there is something more going on. Persimmon? Mango? Definitely a bit of spice/pepperiness in there which comes with the medium-big carbonation — yes, there is a bit of burn on the tongue, my only knock of this beer. The mouthfeel, however, is balanced with some soft diacetyl characteristics and a bit of soapiness which, in this case, works perfectly to create balance in the mouth.
All in all, this is very nice beer, but it ain't for the faint of heart any more than boxing an angry octopus would be. Most American IPAs are, by their nature, imbalanced … yet even taking all this into consideration, accepting it is what it is, this is a balanced APA with a heck of lot going on … and heck of a lot to draw you back for the whole summer.
So, happy birthday and 30th anniversary to Great Lakes Brewery and thanks for this birthday gift to us all.
We both really enjoyed the beer and can definitely see ourselves swimming with this grabby-beer all summer. That said, Dale definitely gravitated to this one more than Jess finding the flavour profile to be a bit more remarkable and stand-outish than her. Yes, the 88 IBUs will surprise you in that you'll be surprised there are that many — but you won't mistake this beer for anything other than bitter, so for you hop heads out there that love a good westie, this is an outstanding one, a little different and something you should make an effort to take a dance with … under the sea, in an octopus' garden, in the shade.


text:
Home » News » Politics » 'JD(S) Systematically Spreading Imaginary News': HD Kumaraswamy Dismisses Alliance Rumour
'JD(S) Systematically Spreading Imaginary News': HD Kumaraswamy Dismisses Alliance Rumour
File photo of former Karnataka Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy. (PTI)
This is the reason why BJP was trying to play the phoney drama of alliance. This is the reason why it is systematically spreading imaginary news about JD(S) joining NDA.
Former Karnataka Chief Minister H D Kumaraswamy on Sunday warned the BJP to beware of JD(S), as he accused the ruling party of systematically spreading imaginary news about his party joining the NDA. In a series of tweets the JD(S) legislature party chief also accused the BJP of attempting to erode its party's base by planting such rumours, and said the party "does not need BJP's friendship." "BJP has realised after the gram panchayat results that all its attempts to finish off the JD(S) have failed.
This is absolutely false," Kumaraswamy tweeted. Claiming that he shares a better bonding with Prime Minister Narendra Modi than many state BJP leaders do and has respect for Chief Minister Yediyurappa's seniority, he said the intention of JD(S) was not to be an opposition party just for the sake of opposing.
"If BJP indulges in a misinformation campaign, that bonding, respect and intent will get hampered. The BJP should beware about JD(S)," he added.
Kumaraswamy's attack came after he recently spoke about JD(S) having an "issue based understanding" with BJP, while dismissing talk about his party's possible merger with the saffron party. "Many have tried to divide JD(S) after enacting a drama of friendship and it is BJP's turn now," he said.
"Who from JD(S) had applied for an alliance with BJP? Who had proposed an alliance, for BJP national general secretary Arun Singh to reject it? He termed as a bundle of lies reports that JD(S) would join NDA and he would be made a union minister. news, BJP was trying to poison the minds of JD(S) workers and supporters, he said.
"BJP should understand that this is immoral politics," he added. Recalling that his father H D Deve Gowda, while stepping down as Prime Minister in 1997, had rejected support from BJP's tallest leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Kumaraswamy said he was not someone who desired a Ministerial post.
The Deve Gowda led 13 party United Front coalition government tumbled after the Sitaram Kesri-led Congress withdrew support in 1997. "For now, no party needs anyone. We don't need BJP's friendship. We want the development of the state and our workers," he said, adding that the results of gram panchayat elections has buoyed the prospects of JD(S) and organising the party was his only goal.
Read all the Latest News, Breaking News and Coronavirus News here
H D Kumaraswamy
JD(S)
first published:January 03, 2021, 22:43 IST
last updated:January 03, 2021, 22:43 IST


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By Dr. Evelyn Worth McMullen, Director of Bright Threads Ministries.
May 14, 2015—Over the past few months I've had the privilege of hearing the stories of a number of parents whose children have special needs. Stories of pain and stories of joy; stories of brokenness and stories of hope. One recurring theme for families with special needs is isolation. Participation in social settings, even with extended family, is made difficult by the effort of continual caregiving. Parents advocate for their children as they navigate healthcare systems, education options, and even family birthday parties. It's no wonder they find community among others whose lives have similar challenges. Parents get to know one another at Special Olympics events, in the waiting rooms of clinics and emergency rooms, and at meetings to explain changes in the "med waiver" requirements. So how can we, as the body of Christ, offer community to families who may feel as if they don't belong?
Start by getting to know the family. Ask what a child needs to be able to participate in activities. Get to know the child first, not the label.
Resist the temptation to hide behind clichés: "We're just volunteers, not special education teachers," or "No church is perfect for everyone." Read more in Shari Dacon's BLOG to see how these comments shut down the opportunity for a conversation that may be transformational for church leaders as well as for parents. Every church can do something to be more welcoming. With a little support, volunteers can help children experience Jesus' love through the church family. The editors of the new PC(USA) children's curriculum "Growing in Gratitude & Grace" have recognized this. Visual schedules (great for all kids who have trouble with transitions) and adaptive suggestions are included. Check out a sample HERE.
The last word for church leaders will be from Jesus. When Jesus healed people he did more than make their bodies whole; he made it possible for them to return to their communities. They were no longer unclean. In Mark 5, Jesus sent the evil spirits into the herd of pigs and then told the man who had lived among the tombs "Go home to your friends, and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and what mercy he has shown you."(v 19) Our 21st century families have more medical options open to them. But when the doctors give their child a diagnosis and limited hope for therapy, the church family can offer caregivers and parents support, walking beside them on their journey from isolation to community.
Dr. Evelyn Worth McMullen is Director of Bright Threads Ministries in Lakeland, FL. You can contact her at evelyn@BrightThreadsMinistries.org. She has been in educational ministry for 32 years, with an MA from the Presbyterian School of Christian Education and a DEdMin from Columbia Theological Seminary. Her DEdMin work was an important part of her journey into ministry with people with developmental disabilities.
The Center for Lifelong Learning is in the early stages of planning for an event tentatively slotted for late spring 2016 that will address how to better incorporate the gifts of children and youth with disabilities into congregational worship and spiritual formation/education ministries.
Read Dr. McMullen's Columbia Connections post from January 2016 Recalculating the Routes: Journey of Changing Attitudes.
I can't agree more with this post. I find that family isn't the problem so much as school, that was where I felt most alone and the truth is there are so many other kids for kids to just play with they don't take the time to get to know us because they don't have to.


We aim to provide a stimulating and enriched curriculum that meets with national curriculum requirements and that is compatible with developing the subjects and skills that are central to our specialist school status. As a Catholic school, the study of Religious education takes up a significant amount of curriculum time and we aim to foster in all that we do a love of God and a strong moral and spiritual framework. We are committed to harnessing new computer and other technologies to give our pupils an edge in their learning. The school day is divided into five periods each one hour long – giving 25 periods in a school week.
History/Geography/Spanish/French/Media Studies/Drama/Sociology/Art/Food Technology/Graphic Products/Product design/Business Studies/ICT.
Each guided choice is allocated 2 hours per week.
History/Geography/Chemistry/Biology/Physics/Psychology/Ethics and Philosophy/Spanish/French/ Art/Business Studies/ICT/Economics/ English/Math/Further Math/Media Studies/Drama/Sociology/Music.
Each A'Level subject is allocated 4 hours per week.
Business Studies/ICT/Science and Art and Design.
Each BTEC level 3 subject is allocated 8 hours per week.
Key stage 5 pupils are also expected to attend 4 personnel study periods, 1 period of RE and 1 period of enrichment per week.


This is the website of mixed-media artist Karin K. Mueller.
Reject Art... I create fun, interesting and stylish "one-of-a-kind" art pieces with recycled parts, found objects and even traded items from other artists.
My upcoming events and contact information are shown on the next pages.
Whatcom Magazine Spring 2011 "Wish List"


text:
US Accuses China of Cyber Spying on American Companies
Chinese Ships Evacuate Workers After Vietnam Riots
Activists Free 2 Chinese Kidnapped at Burma Mine
Thailand's Army Declares Martial Law, Denies Coup
A Fictional Feast
Lawsuit Against Heinda Mine Accepted by Dawei Court
Kachin Rebels Release 21 Forcibly Recruited Civilians
Anti-Dam Protesters Complete Marathon Irrawaddy March
Burmese Protesters Kidnap Chinese Workers at Letpadaung Mine
Four Police Killed in Attack on Burma-Bangladesh Border
Suu Kyi Wraps Back-to-Back Rallies Urging Pre-2015 Charter Change
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The United States charges five Chinese military officers and accused them of hacking into American nuclear, metal and solar companies to steal trade secrets.
By Jim Finkle, Joseph Menn & Aruna Viswanatha 20 May 2014
The United States on Monday charged five Chinese military officers and accused them of hacking into American nuclear, metal and solar companies to steal trade secrets, ratcheting up tensions between the two world powers over cyber espionage.
China immediately denied the charges, saying in a strongly worded Foreign Ministry statement the U.S. grand jury indictment was "made up" and would damage trust between the two nations.
Officials in Washington have argued for years that cyber espionage is a top national security concern. The indictment was the first criminal hacking charge that the United States has filed against specific foreign officials, and follows a steady increase in public criticism and private confrontation, including at a summit last year between U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping.
"When a foreign nation uses military or intelligence resources and tools against an American executive or corporation to obtain trade secrets or sensitive business information for the benefit of its state-owned companies, we must say, 'Enough is enough,'" U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said at a news conference.
Federal prosecutors said the suspects targeted companies including Alcoa Inc, Allegheny Technologies Inc, United States Steel Corp, Toshiba Corp unit Westinghouse Electric Co, the U.S. subsidiaries of Solar World AG , and a steel workers' union.
Officials declined to estimate the size of the losses to the companies, but said they were "significant." The victims had all filed unfair trade claims against their Chinese rivals, helping Washington draw a link between the alleged hacking activity and its impact on international business.
According to the indictment, Chinese state-owned companies "hired" Unit 61398 of the People's Liberation Army "to provide information technology services" including assembling a database of corporate intelligence. The Chinese companies were not named.
The Shanghai-based Unit 61398 was identified last year by cybersecurity firm Mandiant as the source of a large number of espionage operations. All five defendants worked with 61398, according to the indictment.
"The administration is trying to make this clear it's a trade issue, not a cold war with China," said Jim Lewis of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, who has served as a U.S. representative in hacking negotiations with China.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry statement said it would suspend the activities of a Sino-U.S. working group on cyber issues, which American officials believe refers to a joint effort established in April 2013 involving State Department expert Chris Painter and China Foreign Ministry official Dai Bing.
That was set up as a spinoff from the U.S.-China Strategic and International Dialogue, but produced little tangible progress even before leaks by former National Security Administration contractor Edward Snowden leaks gave China grounds for accusing the NSA of infiltrating Chinese companies as well as government offices.
U.S. officials have maintained that they do not steal secrets to give an advantage to U.S. companies, but in China, Lewis said, the line between military and business prowess is unclear.
Unit 61398 has hundreds of active spies and is just one of dozens of such bodies in China, said Jen Weedon, an analyst at Mandiant, now owned by global network security company Fire Eye Inc. She said the group is not among the most sophisticated.
The specific accusation is less important than the demonstration that the United States is committed to stepping up its fight in multiple ways, Weedon said.
"There's a paradigm shift with regards to other ways countries try to hold each other accountable," she said.
US-China Ties
The cyber spying charges come amid growing tensions between Washington and Beijing over China's increased assertiveness in maritime disputes with its neighbors.
Days after Obama ended an Asia-Pacific tour in late April, China deployed an oil drilling rig 150 miles (240 km) off the coast of Vietnam, in a part of the South China Sea claimed by itself and Hanoi. That sparked deadly anti-China riots in central Vietnam last week and raised questions among U.S. allies in the region over whether Obama's long-promised strategic "pivot" toward Asia is more than talk.
A tougher stand against Chinese cyber crime targeting U.S. interests could help counter criticism that Washington has responded too passively to Beijing's geopolitical challenges. U.S. officials have long complained about Chinese cyber spying but have taken few concrete actions to punish those suspected of being behind it.
Washington announced the charges as new claims emerged last week about the scope of overseas spying by the United States. Documents leaked by Snowden showed the agency intercepted and modified equipment made by Cisco Systems Inc that was headed overseas.
Cisco responded by asking Obama to curtail U.S. surveillance programs, underscoring the vulnerability of multinationals to a whipsaw of competing government interests.
Douglas Paal of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace think tank said the hacking charges will add to the list of grievances that have been accumulating between China and the United States. "It will give Beijing a chance to remind the U.S. that its own spying is a bigger problem."
He added, "We have a plethora of vulnerable firms, including Cisco, Intel, IBM and others. Targeted retaliation is likely intended to split and weaken American support for the administrations action."
Skeptics said U.S. authorities would not be able to arrest those indicted because Beijing would not hand them over. Still, the move would prevent the individuals from traveling to the United States or other countries that have an extradition agreement with the United States.
"It won't slow China down," said Eric Johnson, dean of the business school at Vanderbilt University and an expert on cyber security issues.
But the step could prompt China to rethink the position that industrial secrets are fair game, analysts said.
"At some point, they are going to start dealing seriously with this problem, unless they want to hurt relations," said Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder of security firm Crowd Strike.
In an indictment filed in the Western District of Pennsylvania, prosecutors said the officers hacked into computers starting in 2006, often by infecting machines with tainted "spear phishing" emails to employees that purport to be from colleagues.
Prosecutors alleged that one hacker, for example, stole cost and pricing information in 2012 from an Oregon-based solar panel production unit of Solar World. The company was losing market share at the time to Chinese competitors who were systematically pricing exports below production costs, according to the indictment.
Another officer is accused of stealing technical and design specifications about pipes for nuclear plants from Westinghouse Electric as the company was negotiating with a Chinese company to build four power plants in China, prosecutors said.
American businesses have long urged the government to act against cyber espionage from abroad, particularly by China.
Alcoa spokeswoman Monica Orbe said: "To our knowledge, no material information was compromised."
U.S. Steel declined to comment, while Solar World CEO Frank Asbeck said the company supported the U.S. investigation.
Topics: Technology
Jim Finkle Contributor
Joseph Menn & Aruna Viswanatha Reuters