text:
El Valencia Fútbol Club fou un club de futbol veneçolà de la ciutat de Valencia.

Fou campió nacional el 1971. El 1997 el futbol local es reorganitzà, naixent el Carabobo FC com a principal club de la ciutat.

Palmarès
 Lliga veneçolana de futbol:
 1971

 Copa veneçolana de futbol:
 1965, 1978

 Segona Divisió de futbol:
 1990

Referències

Clubs de futbol veneçolans desapareguts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
EconMin: As Much EU Funds as Possible Should be Channelled to Economy and Private Sector
By HINA 4 September 2020
EconMin: As much EU funds as possible should be channelled to economy, private sector Source: Pixabay
ZAGREB, September 4, 2020 - Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development Tomislav Coric said on Friday that he would try to steer as much funds from the EU aid package of €22 billion intended for Croatia as possible to the economy and private sector.
Coric was addressing participants at the Croatian Money Market conference in Opatija.
He said that he had heard from representatives of the real sector in which direction they thought Croatia's recovery should be going.
"We all share a certain dose of optimism about what is to come. The question of distribution of European funds from the EU envelopes of the 2021-2027 operational programme and from the recovery and resilience programme, will be a key issue. The ministry and government intend to direct the majority of those funds towards the economy," Coric said.
He added that it is necessary to improve the domestic economy's competitiveness and productivity in a number of industries, digitise the economy and improve the trade balance by reducing the deficit and boosting GDP growth.
Asked by reporters how much of the €22 billion was available to the private sector, Coric said that that has not been defined yet because neither of the two envelopes had been fully defined at the European level.
"We will probably have to wait for a few months for the answer to that question. Recovery plans need to be officially submitted to the European Commission by April next year and the major part of the funds will be based on that," he said and added: "It is important that already now we allocate as much money as possible to the private sector. There is no alternative. We have to be as strong as possible so that we can return to the pre-crisis level," said Coric.
Responding to reporters' questions, Coric said that the public debt would not explode and that a brilliant job had been done with regard to settling solvency and the government's liabilities for 2020.
Read the Croatian Travel Update in your language - now available in 24 languages
Tagged under: private sector economy eu funds economy minister tomislav coric
Minister: Ina Will Help Small Distributors
Exports in Q1 up 36.6%, imports +41.2%
PM: Confidence of Credit Rating Agencies Shows Croatia is on Right Track

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It can be quiet a daunting task finding kids something to do during their free time. You may come up with a great idea which they may simply ignore and show no interest in at all. Timeline template for kids gives you important and helpful tools that will help you put together a plan for your daily activities.
Blank Timeline templates for kids are templates with blank spaces where the parents can fill out their kids details such as names, school, grade, and activities. These templates allow the parent to add several events into the designated slots. Your child can also fill in as many events as they can and gives them the freedom to elaborate on each.
Home school history timeline is a helpful homeschooling tool and will give the child a visual sense of history by allowing them to keep a record of the series of events.
Sample activity timeline template for kids allows their guardian to document important activities coming up that they should look forward to. This could be a graduation day, sports day and so on. The parent can have the activity at the back of their mind, and you can help them plan ahead.
Using a template to plan your kid's time is a good way of implanting planning in them and motivating them to take part in the activities they documented. Check out some sample templates today and rest your kid's free time to fun time.


Finding a librarian's wedding venue was so much fun! The Quad Club was teh perfect setting for these two lovebirds. They are so in love, and their ceremony reflected that so well. The reading from a children's book about penguin's was perfect, and we loved their huge atlas as a guest book! We loved everything about this wedding, even though it rained all day! The rain didn't put a damper on these two cuties. It was just perfect. Congratulations, you two!


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text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.resourcemanager.security.fluent.models;

import com.azure.core.annotation.Fluent;
import com.azure.core.management.ProxyResource;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.security.models.IoTSecurityAlertedDevice;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.security.models.IoTSecurityDeviceAlert;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.security.models.IoTSecurityDeviceRecommendation;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.security.models.IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelPropertiesDevicesMetricsItem;
import com.azure.resourcemanager.security.models.IoTSeverityMetrics;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import java.util.List;

/** Security analytics of your IoT Security solution. */
@Fluent
public final class IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner extends ProxyResource {
    /*
     * Security Solution  Aggregated Alert data
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "properties")
    private IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelProperties innerProperties;

    /** Creates an instance of IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner class. */
    public IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner() {
    }

    /**
     * Get the innerProperties property: Security Solution Aggregated Alert data.
     *
     * @return the innerProperties value.
     */
    private IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelProperties innerProperties() {
        return this.innerProperties;
    }

    /**
     * Get the metrics property: Security analytics of your IoT Security solution.
     *
     * @return the metrics value.
     */
    public IoTSeverityMetrics metrics() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().metrics();
    }

    /**
     * Get the unhealthyDeviceCount property: Number of unhealthy devices within your IoT Security solution.
     *
     * @return the unhealthyDeviceCount value.
     */
    public Long unhealthyDeviceCount() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().unhealthyDeviceCount();
    }

    /**
     * Get the devicesMetrics property: List of device metrics by the aggregation date.
     *
     * @return the devicesMetrics value.
     */
    public List<IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelPropertiesDevicesMetricsItem> devicesMetrics() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().devicesMetrics();
    }

    /**
     * Get the topAlertedDevices property: List of the 3 devices with the most alerts.
     *
     * @return the topAlertedDevices value.
     */
    public List<IoTSecurityAlertedDevice> topAlertedDevices() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().topAlertedDevices();
    }

    /**
     * Set the topAlertedDevices property: List of the 3 devices with the most alerts.
     *
     * @param topAlertedDevices the topAlertedDevices value to set.
     * @return the IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner object itself.
     */
    public IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner withTopAlertedDevices(
        List<IoTSecurityAlertedDevice> topAlertedDevices) {
        if (this.innerProperties() == null) {
            this.innerProperties = new IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelProperties();
        }
        this.innerProperties().withTopAlertedDevices(topAlertedDevices);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts property: List of the 3 most prevalent device alerts.
     *
     * @return the mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts value.
     */
    public List<IoTSecurityDeviceAlert> mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts();
    }

    /**
     * Set the mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts property: List of the 3 most prevalent device alerts.
     *
     * @param mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts the mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts value to set.
     * @return the IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner object itself.
     */
    public IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner withMostPrevalentDeviceAlerts(
        List<IoTSecurityDeviceAlert> mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts) {
        if (this.innerProperties() == null) {
            this.innerProperties = new IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelProperties();
        }
        this.innerProperties().withMostPrevalentDeviceAlerts(mostPrevalentDeviceAlerts);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations property: List of the 3 most prevalent device recommendations.
     *
     * @return the mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations value.
     */
    public List<IoTSecurityDeviceRecommendation> mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations() {
        return this.innerProperties() == null ? null : this.innerProperties().mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations();
    }

    /**
     * Set the mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations property: List of the 3 most prevalent device recommendations.
     *
     * @param mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations the mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations value to set.
     * @return the IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner object itself.
     */
    public IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelInner withMostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations(
        List<IoTSecurityDeviceRecommendation> mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations) {
        if (this.innerProperties() == null) {
            this.innerProperties = new IoTSecuritySolutionAnalyticsModelProperties();
        }
        this.innerProperties().withMostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations(mostPrevalentDeviceRecommendations);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Validates the instance.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException thrown if the instance is not valid.
     */
    public void validate() {
        if (innerProperties() != null) {
            innerProperties().validate();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I hI've been working for a while now on a new project for an actual customer. It is a pager device designed to operate on an existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. Naturally, it has a few other requirements that are a prerequisite for something like this: a battery and a vibration motor, among other things. Then, to complicate things further, I decided to add an ATECC508A crypto IC for security. That particular part was inspired by Mongoose OS, who Tweeted at me at one point while I was collecting the parts I needed. At some point, at least, I want to experiment with their OS, and I may as well use my own board to take it for a test drive.
Knowing my current prototype board has roughly 40 part placements on it, and since I would be assembling the first ones myself, I decided to spring for a stencil in order to keep myself sane. Once I finished the board layout, I sent for a stainless steel stencil from OSH Stencils. They exceeded my expectations with an absolutely gorgeous stencil.
Once I had the boards and all the parts, it was time to assemble a test board. It took a little over an hour to set up the jig, spread the solder paste, and tweeze each part into place. I did the placement with the board on the skillet so that I would not have to move it again and risk jostling the parts from their positions. Once I finished placement, I transferred my skillet to the stovetop for reflow.
The board can then be populated. Now it is ready for reflow.
After determining that the connector pins were specified wrong, I soldered another connector on top of the first one, but in the reverse direction, to test the theory.
As most experimenting goes, though, there are some hiccups. On power-up, I found that most everything on the pager worked as expected–the ESP8266 module worked, and was programmable; the battery charge circuit worked (more on that later); and the motor driver and crypto chip were visible on the I2C bus. There were some mistakes, however.
Right away (before testing), I realized I had gotten the battery polarity wrong on the connector. I made a little test jig to test the charge circuit in spite of that. But also, the display failed to do anything, and the connector got really hot when I powered on the device. It was at that point, I discovered that I had misinterpreted the datasheet, and I had reversed the pins for the connector. That discovered, I soldered a second connector on top of the first one, at a right angle and with the pins exactly reversed. Once I did that, I found that the OLED circuit worked as expected. Now I could just rework a couple bits of the circuit, and order new boards. All in all, I considered the experiment a success.
If you feel like it at this point, you can order one of my revision "A" boards at the link below with the caveats described above. I plan to do a write-up when revision "B" is ready, however.


An authentic script from the tip of the ball point pen. This hasn't been seen yet: A typeface which truly looks as if it were handwritten.
Calligraphy is, actually, the art of fine writing.
And actually, written scripts as typeface for the computer are 100% nonsense.
And yet, an obvious thought: Create a typeface which truly derives from everyday handwriting. And since we, if we write at all, utilize practically only a ball point pen anymore, then a modern cursive writing form must look like just that.
As a counterpart to the artistic "handwritings" which have long been available as typeface, the thought of digitalizing a truly "ugly" handwriting is appealing. After all, time and again there is the need for a text to look "handwritten," and it is always easier to have a typeface available rather than actually writing the text with a utensil on paper, scanning it and positioning a large multi megabyte graphic within a document.


Engelbert Humperdinck born: 02-05-1936 birth place: Madras, India Starting out life as Arnold George Dorsey, Engelbert spent the early years of his life in India, until his family returned to England in 1947. He first worked as an engineer and then developed his singing and performance skills on the club circuit. In the early fifties, he took some time out from professional singing whilst he did his national service, and returned to performing in 1956. He continued to sing in clubs and recorded some unsuccessful material for Decca in 1958.
In the early fifties, he took some time out from professional singing whilst he did his national service, and returned to performing in 1956. He continued to sing in clubs and recorded some unsuccessful material for Decca in 1958.
His big break as a singer came in 1965. It was at this point that Gordon Mills, the then manager of Tom Jones, gave Arnold the new name of Engelbert Humperdinck. The new name meant that he was given another chance at recording with Decca records.
Engelbert's recording of the country standard ?Release Me' reached number one in the UK chart and number four in the US. His version of this song is perhaps the most famous, and it is certainly the song that he is most remembered for.
Other chart hits on both sides of the channel followed in the shape of ?There Goes My Everything' and ?The Last Waltz'.
He had sixteen hit albums in America between 1967 and 1979 and released his greatest Hits in 1974, which reached number one in the UK. However, his cabaret style of singing started to go out of fashion in the 1970s, and he found it hard to maintain a presence in the British charts.


text:
Bulls depose the Kings
Bulls shoot down Hawks in another romp
Posted on Mar 23
Let's get this straight. Wasn't Thibodeau supposed to be the defensive guru?
But there the high scoring Bulls go again Tuesday, this time with a 114-81 thumping of the Atlanta Hawks. On the road in the second of a back to back no less against a fifth seeded, a playoff team. It was the Bulls second straight win by more than 30 points, a franchise record two game margin of 73 points, and yet another offensive tour de force with 55.4 percent shooting, 10 of 18 threes and 30 assists on 43 baskets as all the starters but Luol Deng, of course, played fewer than 30 minutes.
"Guys were making shots tonight, and that's what we need each night," noted Derrick Rose, who led with 30 points and 10 assists while making six of eight threes.
The Bulls also remained second to Miami in overall field goal defense while taking a half game lead over Boston at 51-19 for the best record in the Eastern Conference. And while you see Rose's mouth moving, it sure is getting to sound like Bulls coach Tom Thibodeau.
"We still need to improve defensively," said Thibs, err Rose. "We're just trying to stay together on defense and keep pushing ourselves. What happened the last time we were here (blowing a 20-point lead and losing in the last seconds) was definitely on our minds. We knew once we got the lead that we couldn't let that happen again. We're playing well right now. But we have to keep working hard in practice and get better. We can't be satisfied. We have to keep playing aggressively on both ends of the floor each night."
It's a thing of beauty when the games go like this, and as demanding as Thibodeau cares to be, his players seems like it's barely enough for them anymore. Coach, may I have another!
The Bulls blew this one open against a lethargic, seemingly disinterested Hawks team with an astonishing and enchanting second quarter—see, you can't always wait for the last five minutes—as the Bulls set season highs with 41 points and 81 percent shooting, 17 of 21, in the quarter, and virtual perfection with 73.8 percent shooting with a 72-43 halftime lead and one first half turnover.
The Bulls opened the second quarter, the reserves' quarter, scoring on their first 13 possessions, the highlight a staggeringly uncanny—help, help, I'm running out of adjectives—behind the back dribble and drive for a reverse layup by C.J. Watson past Kirk Hinrich. If being given away for salary cap room wasn't bad enough, Rose closed the quarter on a beleaguered Hinrich with three pull up threes over him in the last 1:46.
So he can't shoot, eh?
I know we've celebrated Rose this season, so much that ESPN finally caught on and got permission from LeBron James to show other players. The popular SportsCenter ran a highlight package Tuesday of Rose's best dunks.
But the three point shooting, really, is historic stuff.
In his first two seasons in the NBA, Rose made 16 three pointers in each and hit 24 percent. This season, Rose is among the leaders in the NBA in three pointers made with 112, more than top shooting guards like Ben Gordon, Aaron Afflalo, J.J. Redick and Anthony Morrow. Rose leads the Bulls in three pointers made and had made more than shooting point guards like Steve Nash, Chris Paul and Hinrich, the Bulls' career leader. Maybe it's occurred as I don't have access to such statistics. But I doubt anyone has made such a quantitative leap in making threes in one season.
And remember, this was a Bulls team that went 13 straight games in January without reaching 100 points and before Monday's 40-point blowout of the Kings, the Bulls had failed to score 100 points in seven of the last 10.
Talk about your peaking at the right time.
And though many have questioned at times Thibodeau's playing time for the regulars, there seems little doubt it goes a long way toward explaining the team's upward trend. Even with another blowout win and the Hawks pretty much packing it in before halftime, Thibodeau stayed with his regular rotation well into the fourth quarter.
Sure, you say, why not play some of the new guys or bench guys earlier and give them a longer run.
Look, this isn't fourth grade with everyone getting a fair chance to play or mom calls the coach. One way you build and improve is to remain consistent. As players have emphasized, Thibodeau has all season pushed repetition, doing the same things over and over, having that foundation and building upward.
And staying sharp and on message, as it were. I noticed Phil Jackson Tuesday night played Kobe Bryant 48 minutes, Pau Gasol 52 and Lamar Odom 55. No one has played more games that these guys the last few years and they are much older than any of the Bulls regulars. Yet, the league's most successful coach ever isn't exactly resting anyone. So the Bulls with three main starters 26 years old or less should be resting their guys? OK, have we had enough of that?
So the same guys play in the same places and with the same guys, that keeping the second unit together thing, and you begin to see why it is so important to Thibodeau in building the habits that teams like, say, the Hawks don't have.
"It's starting to get embarrassing," said Josh Smith, who should know as he's a primary reason. "We're too good a team to be getting blown out of our own gym. Everything that could go wrong happened tonight. We didn't help each other. This team is one of the hottest teams in the league. We didn't show any resistance."
I thought they did, especially Smith.
Resistance to playing good, smart basketball.
Smith is an athletic wonder, but he takes the league's dumbest shots, bad, fadeaway jumpers over smaller opponents when drives would be easy. He came out after halftime in the first three minutes missing three stand still 20 footers. And the coach lets him. You'd never see that with the Bulls, who also have a rookie head coach, though you wouldn't know it.
There were famous squabbles between Smith and former coach Mike Woodson in Atlanta, and now you can see why they were necessary and why the Hawks were better under Woodson. Drew has no hold on the team and they are way out of control to the point of indifference. It was most evident at the end of the game with the Bulls getting a last rebound with 21.9 seconds left up 36 and dribbling the ball out so as not to further embarrass the Hawks.
So their resident idiot, Hilton Armstrong, comes up behind Watson and steals the ball and shoots a three. Thibodeau was furious. Play to the last buzzer. Sure. They had barely played for 47 minutes. Though Armstrong is known for that kind of stunt as once when he was with the Kings in a career marked by being an underachiever and erratic, he went to shake hands with Earl Clark, then of the Suns, with a few seconds left in a blowout loss and when Clark reached to shake Armstrong stole the ball. He didn't have time to score then, unfortunately. This time he made a three to get the Hawks deficit down to 33.
"I'm at a loss for words," said Drew.
As well as a loss of control.
Ah, but that's the soon to be out in the first round of the playoffs Hawks.
It's not just all these record breaking numbers for the Bulls of late. It's a swagger, a confidence, a joy, a sweetness of life, as Joakim Noah's French would put it, around the Bulls that those around the NBA are seeing.
The Bulls are moving the ball with alacrity and spirit, five and six passes in possessions routine. They go after loose balls and rebounds like kids chasing bubbles on a summer day with exuberance. It seems truly a game and games are fun.
I had written after the Kings game Monday about Beno Udrih telling Kyle Korver how wonderfully the Bulls played, and this was a guy who sat on the bench for two Spurs teams, the Spurs being the ultimate in team ball if not media endearment.
And I loved what one time Bull Brent Barry said on TV Tuesday in likening the Bulls to the unselfish, pass first Kings of the early 2000's.
"They played with this spirit that made you jealous you were not part of something like that," said Barry. "Even when you are playing on a team that is mediocre in the NBA, when you see that kind of camaraderie, see that type of college atmosphere, you want to be part of something like that and that's what really the Chicago Bulls, in essence, are doing."
With all the highlights and praise for Rose and all the relentless competitiveness demanded from Thibodeau, perhaps the most elusive and special element for this Bulls team is its unique blend. It's not a group of 12 or 15 guys who are out together all the time. But it's a group with an easy compatibility, almost like friends who haven't seen each other for 20 years and can pick right up like it was last week.
There isn't a guy who complains or is moody or difficult to be around, guys who aren't necessarily the top talents at their position but who blend together seamlessly. They have their roles and it is accepted. They don't compete for shots or stats or awards or attention. They genuinely seem to like one another and root for each other. I haven't worked at many places where it is like that. You watch the bench during games and it is alive with enthusiasm and attention.
And they continue to play. There are so many examples, but there it was again Tuesday, the Bulls up 43 early in the fourth quarter with Watson hustling into the front court and passing to Korver who found Gibson sprinting the post lane and dunking.
"Our bench is playing great," said Thibodeau. "Everyone on the bench played great for us. We just want to be consistent with our defense every night. If we play unselfishly, we'll be in good position every night. We want to have the highest seed possible, but we just want to improve step by step."
This Bulls team has made a practice of mentally taking names. You beat them and they remember. No one says much about it, but it came in an avalanche to start Tuesday and never let up.
Luol Deng has been a rock all season, perhaps Thibodeau's sentimental favorite, and quietly burning in his own right to show he can play through a season and at a high level.
Deng came out with those slashing drives and Noah continued to go to his left hand on his drive, the duo giving the Bulls a 17-8 quick start. Then after Kirk Hinrich overplayed Rose and helped force a 24-second violation, Rose came alive with a behind the back drive past Hinrich and over Smith at the rim. Rose powered up for another layup, got his own miss back outworking the Hawks for a layup and hit Deng for a three to close the first quarter up 31-21.
Then the Bulls quickly had the TNT crew wishing for fewer foul calls and a quicker ending with that marvelous second quarter. The Bulls, by the way, are now 16-4 with their regular starting lineup.
Rose contributed one of those two handed slams in the second quarter romp, Boozer got deep in the post for easy scores, Gibson got himself another of those offensive rebound slams with a team high eight rebounds. How about 48-18 on inside points and 23-6 on second chance points? Wow. How dominant is that? Though the Bulls 47-point lead did get trimmed. And Deng with 27 points got down the lane and dunked as he almost seemed to be wondering where everyone was. They were watching Bulls dust. It's been quite the sight lately.
Tags: ben gordon, c.j. watson, chicago bulls, chris paul, derrick rose, joakim noah, kirk hinrich, kobe bryant, kyle korver, lebron james, luol deng, phil jackson, tom thibodeau


The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational.
The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links. The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2018[update] they remain dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS. The dominant database language, standardised SQL for the relational model, has influenced database languages for other data models.
As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose database systems emerged; by the mid-1960s a number of such systems had come into commercial use. Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, the Integrated Data Store (IDS), founded the "Database Task Group" within CODASYL, the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL. In 1971, the Database Task Group delivered their standard, which generally became known as the "CODASYL approach", and soon a number of commercial products based on this approach entered the market.
IBM also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS). IMS was a development of software written for the Apollo program on the System/360. IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model. Both concepts later became known as navigational databases due to the way data was accessed, and Bachman's 1973 Turing Award presentation was The Programmer as Navigator. IMS is classified[by whom?] as a hierarchical database. IDMS and Cincom Systems' TOTAL database are classified as network databases. IMS remains in use as of 2014[update].
For instance, a common use of a database system is to track information about users, their name, login information, various addresses and phone numbers. In the navigational approach, all of this data would be placed in a single record, and unused items would simply not be placed in the database. In the relational approach, the data would be normalized into a user table, an address table and a phone number table (for instance). Records would be created in these optional tables only if the address or phone numbers were actually provided.
Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's suggestions was a set-oriented language, that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.
In the 1970s and 1980s, attempts were made to build database systems with integrated hardware and software. The underlying philosophy was that such integration would provide higher performance at lower cost. Examples were IBM System/38, the early offering of Teradata, and the Britton Lee, Inc. database machine.
Larry Ellison's Oracle Database (or more simply, Oracle) started from a different chain, based on IBM's papers on System R. Though Oracle V1 implementations were completed in 1978, it wasn't until Oracle Version 2 when Ellison beat IBM to market in 1979.
In Sweden, Codd's paper was also read and Mimer SQL was developed from the mid-1970s at Uppsala University. In 1984, this project was consolidated into an independent enterprise.
The 1980s ushered in the age of desktop computing. The new computers empowered their users with spreadsheets like Lotus 1-2-3 and database software like dBASE. The dBASE product was lightweight and easy for any computer user to understand out of the box. C. Wayne Ratliff, the creator of dBASE, stated: "dBASE was different from programs like BASIC, C, FORTRAN, and COBOL in that a lot of the dirty work had already been done. The data manipulation is done by dBASE instead of by the user, so the user can concentrate on what he is doing, rather than having to mess with the dirty details of opening, reading, and closing files, and managing space allocation." dBASE was one of the top selling software titles in the 1980s and early 1990s.
The 1990s, along with a rise in object-oriented programming, saw a growth in how data in various databases were handled. Programmers and designers began to treat the data in their databases as objects. That is to say that if a person's data were in a database, that person's attributes, such as their address, phone number, and age, were now considered to belong to that person instead of being extraneous data. This allows for relations between data to be relations to objects and their attributes and not to individual fields. The term "object-relational impedance mismatch" described the inconvenience of translating between programmed objects and database tables. Object databases and object-relational databases attempt to solve this problem by providing an object-oriented language (sometimes as extensions to SQL) that programmers can use as alternative to purely relational SQL. On the programming side, libraries known as object-relational mappings (ORMs) attempt to solve the same problem.
XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in applications where the data is conveniently viewed as a collection of documents, with a structure that can vary from the very flexible to the highly rigid: examples include scientific articles, patents, tax filings, and personnel records.
NoSQL databases are often very fast, do not require fixed table schemas, avoid join operations by storing denormalized data, and are designed to scale horizontally.
In recent years, there has been a strong demand for massively distributed databases with high partition tolerance, but according to the CAP theorem it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously provide consistency, availability, and partition tolerance guarantees. A distributed system can satisfy any two of these guarantees at the same time, but not all three. For that reason, many NoSQL databases are using what is called eventual consistency to provide both availability and partition tolerance guarantees with a reduced level of data consistency.
NewSQL is a class of modern relational databases that aims to provide the same scalable performance of NoSQL systems for online transaction processing (read-write) workloads while still using SQL and maintaining the ACID guarantees of a traditional database system.
Databases are used to hold administrative information and more specialized data, such as engineering data or economic models. Examples include computerized library systems, flight reservation systems, computerized parts inventory systems, and many content management systems that store websites as collections of webpages in a database.
An in-memory database is a database that primarily resides in main memory, but is typically backed-up by non-volatile computer data storage. Main memory databases are faster than disk databases, and so are often used where response time is critical, such as in telecommunications network equipment.
A cloud database relies on cloud technology. Both the database and most of its DBMS reside remotely, "in the cloud", while its applications are both developed by programmers and later maintained and used by end-users through a web browser and Open APIs.
A deductive database combines logic programming with a relational database.
A document-oriented database is designed for storing, retrieving, and managing document-oriented, or semi structured, information. Document-oriented databases are one of the main categories of NoSQL databases.
An embedded database system is a DBMS which is tightly integrated with an application software that requires access to stored data in such a way that the DBMS is hidden from the application's end-users and requires little or no ongoing maintenance.
Sometimes the term multi-database is used as a synonym to federated database, though it may refer to a less integrated (e.g., without an FDBMS and a managed integrated schema) group of databases that cooperate in a single application. In this case, typically middleware is used for distribution, which typically includes an atomic commit protocol (ACP), e.g., the two-phase commit protocol, to allow distributed (global) transactions across the participating databases.
An array DBMS is a kind of NoSQL DBMS that allows modeling, storage, and retrieval of (usually large) multi-dimensional arrays such as satellite images and climate simulation output.
Operational databases store detailed data about the operations of an organization. They typically process relatively high volumes of updates using transactions. Examples include customer databases that record contact, credit, and demographic information about a business's customers, personnel databases that hold information such as salary, benefits, skills data about employees, enterprise resource planning systems that record details about product components, parts inventory, and financial databases that keep track of the organization's money, accounting and financial dealings.
Connolly and Begg define Database Management System (DBMS) as a "software system that enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database".
The DBMS acronym is sometime extended to indicated the underlying database model, with RDBMS for relational, OODBMS or ORDBMS for the object (orientated) model and ORDBMS for Object-Relational. Other extensions can indicate some other characteristic, such as DDBMS for a distributed database management systems.
It is also generally to be expected the DBMS will provide a set of utilities for such purposes as may be necessary to administer the database effectively, including import, export, monitoring, defragmentation and analysis utilities. The core part of the DBMS interacting between the database and the application interface sometimes referred to as the database engine.
Often DBMSs will have configuration parameters that can be statically and dynamically tuned, for example the maximum amount of main memory on a server the database can use. The trend is to minimise the amount of manual configuration, and for cases such as embedded databases the need to target zero-administration is paramount.
Early multi-user DBMS typically only allowed for the application to reside on the same computer with access via terminals or terminal emulation software. The client–server architecture was a development where the application resided on a client desktop and the database on a server allowing the processing to be distributed. This evolved into a multitier architecture incorporating application servers and web servers with the end user interface via a web browser with the database only directly connected to the adjacent tier.
A general-purpose DBMS will provide public application programming interfaces (API) and optionally a processor for database languages such as SQL to allow applications to be written to interact with the database. A special purpose DBMS may use a private API and be specifically customised and linked to a single application. For example an email system performing many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as message insertion, message deletion, attachment handling, blocklist lookup, associating messages an email address and so forth however these functions are limited to what is required to handle email.
External interaction with the database will be via an application program that interfaces with the DBMS. This can range from a database tool that allows users to execute SQL queries textually or graphically, to a web site that happens to use a database to store and search information.
A programmer will code interactions to the database (sometimes referred to as a datasource) via an application program interface (API) or via a database language. The particular API or language chosen will need to be supported by DBMS, possible indirectly via a pre-processor or a bridging API. Some API's aim to be database independent, ODBC being a commonly known example. Other common API's include JDBC and ADO.NET.
Data query language (DQL) – allows searching for information and computing derived information.
Database storage is the container of the physical materialization of a database. It comprises the internal (physical) level in the database architecture. It also contains all the information needed (e.g., metadata, "data about the data", and internal data structures) to reconstruct the conceptual level and external level from the internal level when needed. Putting data into permanent storage is generally the responsibility of the database engine a.k.a. "storage engine". Though typically accessed by a DBMS through the underlying operating system (and often using the operating systems' file systems as intermediates for storage layout), storage properties and configuration setting are extremely important for the efficient operation of the DBMS, and thus are closely maintained by database administrators. A DBMS, while in operation, always has its database residing in several types of storage (e.g., memory and external storage). The database data and the additional needed information, possibly in very large amounts, are coded into bits. Data typically reside in the storage in structures that look completely different from the way the data look in the conceptual and external levels, but in ways that attempt to optimize (the best possible) these levels' reconstruction when needed by users and programs, as well as for computing additional types of needed information from the data (e.g., when querying the database).
Occasionally a database employs storage redundancy by database objects replication (with one or more copies) to increase data availability (both to improve performance of simultaneous multiple end-user accesses to a same database object, and to provide resiliency in a case of partial failure of a distributed database). Updates of a replicated object need to be synchronized across the object copies. In many cases, the entire database is replicated.
Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database. The information may comprise specific database objects (e.g., record types, specific records, data structures), certain computations over certain objects (e.g., query types, or specific queries), or using specific access paths to the former (e.g., using specific indexes or other data structures to access information). Database access controls are set by special authorized (by the database owner) personnel that uses dedicated protected security DBMS interfaces.
A database built with one DBMS is not portable to another DBMS (i.e., the other DBMS cannot run it). However, in some situations, it is desirable to move, migrate a database from one DBMS to another. The reasons are primarily economical (different DBMSs may have different total costs of ownership or TCOs), functional, and operational (different DBMSs may have different capabilities). The migration involves the database's transformation from one DBMS type to another. The transformation should maintain (if possible) the database related application (i.e., all related application programs) intact. Thus, the database's conceptual and external architectural levels should be maintained in the transformation. It may be desired that also some aspects of the architecture internal level are maintained. A complex or large database migration may be a complicated and costly (one-time) project by itself, which should be factored into the decision to migrate. This in spite of the fact that tools may exist to help migration between specific DBMSs. Typically, a DBMS vendor provides tools to help importing databases from other popular DBMSs.
After designing a database for an application, the next stage is building the database. Typically, an appropriate general-purpose DBMS can be selected to be used for this purpose. A DBMS provides the needed user interfaces to be used by database administrators to define the needed application's data structures within the DBMS's respective data model. Other user interfaces are used to select needed DBMS parameters (like security related, storage allocation parameters, etc.).
When the database is ready (all its data structures and other needed components are defined), it is typically populated with initial application's data (database initialization, which is typically a distinct project; in many cases using specialized DBMS interfaces that support bulk insertion) before making it operational. In some cases, the database becomes operational while empty of application data, and data are accumulated during its operation.
Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this, a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.e., the values of its data and their embedding in database's data structures) is kept within dedicated backup files (many techniques exist to do this effectively). When this state is needed, i.e., when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state (e.g., by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state), these files are used to restore that state.
Static analysis techniques for software verification can be applied also in the scenario of query languages. In particular, the *Abstract interpretation framework has been extended to the field of query languages for relational databases as a way to support sound approximation techniques. The semantics of query languages can be tuned according to suitable abstractions of the concrete domain of data. The abstraction of relational database system has many interesting applications, in particular, for security purposes, such as fine grained access control, watermarking, etc.
Database logs – This helps in keeping a history of the executed functions.
Graphics component for producing graphs and charts, especially in a data warehouse system.
Query optimizer – Performs query optimization on every query to choose an efficient query plan (a partial order (tree) of operations) to be executed to compute the query result. May be specific to a particular storage engine.
Increasingly, there are calls for a single system that incorporates all of these core functionalities into the same build, test, and deployment framework for database management and source control. Borrowing from other developments in the software industry, some market such offerings as "DevOps for database".
The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured. Designing a good conceptual data model requires a good understanding of the application domain; it typically involves asking deep questions about the things of interest to an organization, like "can a customer also be a supplier?", or "if a product is sold with two different forms of packaging, are those the same product or different products?", or "if a plane flies from New York to Dubai via Frankfurt, is that one flight or two (or maybe even three)?". The answers to these questions establish definitions of the terminology used for entities (customers, products, flights, flight segments) and their relationships and attributes.
The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like, which depend on the particular DBMS. This is often called physical database design, and the output is the physical data model. A key goal during this stage is data independence, meaning that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible to end-users and applications. There are two types of data independence: Physical data independence and logical data independence. Physical design is driven mainly by performance requirements, and requires a good knowledge of the expected workload and access patterns, and a deep understanding of the features offered by the chosen DBMS.
The internal level (or physical level) is the internal organization of data inside a DBMS. It is concerned with cost, performance, scalability and other operational matters. It deals with storage layout of the data, using storage structures such as indexes to enhance performance. Occasionally it stores data of individual views (materialized views), computed from generic data, if performance justification exists for such redundancy. It balances all the external views' performance requirements, possibly conflicting, in an attempt to optimize overall performance across all activities.
The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, and even every external view, can be presented by a different data model. In practice usually a given DBMS uses the same data model for both the external and the conceptual levels (e.g., relational model). The internal level, which is hidden inside the DBMS and depends on its implementation, requires a different level of detail and uses its own types of data structure types.
Database technology has been an active research topic since the 1960s, both in academia and in the research and development groups of companies (for example IBM Research). Research activity includes theory and development of prototypes. Notable research topics have included models, the atomic transaction concept, and related concurrency control techniques, query languages and query optimization methods, RAID, and more.
^ Ullman & Widom 1997, p. 1.
^ "Update – Definition of update by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com.
^ "Retrieval – Definition of retrieval by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com.
^ "Administration – Definition of administration by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com.
^ Tsitchizris & Lochovsky 1982.
^ Nelson & Nelson 2001.
^ "TOPDB Top Database index". pypl.github.io.
^ IBM Corporation (October 2013). "IBM Information Management System (IMS) 13 Transaction and Database Servers delivers high performance and low total cost of ownership". Retrieved Feb 20, 2014.
^ Hershey & Easthope 1972.
^ "Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline" (PDF). Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ Connolly & Begg 2014, p. 64.
^ Connolly & Begg 2014, pp. 97–102.
^ Connolly & Begg 2014, p. 102.
^ Connolly & Begg 2014, pp. 106–113.
^ Connolly & Begg 2014, p. 65.
^ Halder & Cortesi 2011.
^ Ben Linders (January 28, 2016). "How Database Administration Fits into DevOps". Retrieved April 15, 2017.
^ a b Date 2003, pp. 31–32.
Beynon-Davies, Paul (2003). Database Systems (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1403916013.
Chapple, Mike (2005). "SQL Fundamentals". Databases. About.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
Childs, David L. (1968a). "Description of a set-theoretic data structure" (PDF). CONCOMP (Research in Conversational Use of Computers) Project. Technical Report 3. University of Michigan.
Childs, David L. (1968b). "Feasibility of a set-theoretic data structure: a general structure based on a reconstituted definition" (PDF). CONCOMP (Research in Conversational Use of Computers) Project. Technical Report 6. University of Michigan.
Chong, Raul F.; Wang, Xiaomei; Dang, Michael; Snow, Dwaine R. (2007). "Introduction to DB2". Understanding DB2: Learning Visually with Examples (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-0131580183. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
Codd, Edgar F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 13 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1145/362384.362685.
Connolly, Thomas M.; Begg, Carolyn E. (2014). Database Systems – A Practical Approach to Design Implementation and Management (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-1292061184.
Halder, Raju; Cortesi, Agostino (2011). "Abstract Interpretation of Database Query Languages" (PDF). Computer Languages, Systems & Structures. 38 (2): 123–157. doi:10.1016/j.cl.2011.10.004. ISSN 1477-8424.
Hershey, William; Easthope, Carol (1972). A set theoretic data structure and retrieval language. Spring Joint Computer Conference, May 1972. ACM SIGIR Forum. 7 (4). pp. 45–55. doi:10.1145/1095495.1095500.
Nelson, Anne Fulcher; Nelson, William Harris Morehead (2001). Building Electronic Commerce: With Web Database Constructions. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0201741308.
North, Ken (10 March 2010). "Sets, Data Models and Data Independence". Dr. Dobb's. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010.
Tsitchizris, Dionysios C.; Lochovsky, Fred H. (1982). Data Models. Prentice–Hall. ISBN 978-0131964280.
Ullman, Jeffrey; Widom, Jennifer (1997). A First Course in Database Systems. Prentice–Hall. ISBN 978-0138613372.
Lightstone, S.; Teorey, T.; Nadeau, T. (2007). Physical Database Design: the database professional's guide to exploiting indexes, views, storage, and more. Morgan Kaufmann Press. ISBN 978-0-12-369389-1.


"MOONLIGHT BRIDAL has set out to create a wedding gown experience that every bride dreams about. From high quality fabrics and incredible fits to hand sewn details, our gowns give each bride a luxurious look at an affordable price. Our MOONLIGHT COLLECTION offers an array of romantic options for your big day."


The wisdom of our foreheads, the cunning of our knees.
The Cavalry Canter of "Bonnie Dundee!"
The Way  of the War-horse to "Bonnie Dundee!"
And it's our delight on a mountain height, with a leg or two to spare!
Bad luck to all the driver-men that cannot pack a load!
'Wish it were only mine!


text:
Q: How to calculate combined random and fixed effect BLUPs for rma.mv in metafor? In the meta-analysis package metafor in R, there is a blup() function for rma.uni() but not rma.mv(). I have an rma.mv model with a random intercept term. If I use:
predict.rma(model,transf=exp)

then I get an estimate from my fixed effect moderators for each datapoint in my original dataset, and:
ranef(model,transf=exp)

gives me predictions for each level of my random effect.
Is there then a way to combine the information from these two functions to get combined random and fixed effect BLUPs, as would be provided by the blup() function?
(I have tried taking the mean of both the fixed effect estimate and the random effect prediction for each datapoint in my original dataset, and this looks right when I plot it ... but surely it's not that simple?)

A: You can add (don't take the mean) what predict() gives you to what ranef() gives you, but you have to be careful in correctly 'lining up' the BLUPs with the rows from predict(). The row names from ranef() tell you the levels for which the BLUPs are computed, so you can use them to match things up correctly. Also, first add them, then you can exponentiate the values, not the other way around.

A: In the process of following Wolfgang's very helpful instructions in the marked answer, I created some code to do this with an example dataset. Posting in case it helps anyone else:
Update: following Wolfgang's comment below, I have removed the code for the CIs and replaced it with code to calculate the SE for the BLUP.
#load packages and example data
library(metafor)
library(plyr)
library(ggplot2)
dat<-dat.konstantopoulos2011
dat

#make a model - note I have nested random effects
#(no idea if it actually makes sense with this example dataset!)
mod<-rma.mv(yi,vi,mods=~year,random=~1|district/school,data=dat)

#predict from the model (without exponentiating) and attach to original data
preds<-predict.rma(mod,addx=TRUE)
dat$pred<-preds$pred
dat$ci.ub<-preds$ci.ub
dat$ci.lb<-preds$ci.lb
dat$fe_se<-preds$se
dat$dist.sch<-interaction(dat$district,dat$school) #create a label for each district/school

#get the district random effects and label them
dist_re<-data.frame(ranef(mod)$district)
dist_re$district<-rownames(dist_re)

#get the school random effects and label them
sch_re<-data.frame(ranef(mod)$`district/school`)
sch_re$dist.sch<-rownames(sch_re)
sch_re$dist.sch<-gsub("/",".",sch_re$dist.sch)
colnames(sch_re)<-c("intrcpt2","se2","pi.lb2","pi.ub2","dist.sch") #to avoid duplicate colnames later

#join the district and school random effects to the data by labels
plotdat<-join(dat,dist_re,by="district")
plotdat2<-join(plotdat,sch_re,by="dist.sch")

#create the blups and intervals by adding the fixed effect estimates and random effect predictions,
#and exponentiating:
plotdat2$blup<-exp(plotdat2$pred+plotdat2$intrcpt+plotdat2$intrcpt2)
plotdat2$blup.se<-sqrt((plotdat2$fe_se^2)+(plotdat2$se^2)+(plotdat2$se2^2))

#forest plot of BLUPs and their SEs just to check they make sense:
ggplot(plotdat2, aes(y=dist.sch, x=blup, xmin=blup-blup.se, xmax=blup+blup.se))+
  geom_point()+
  geom_errorbarh(height=.2)+
  ylab('District and school')+
  geom_vline(xintercept=1,linetype='dashed')+
  xlim(0,5)+
  theme_bw()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bishop Union High School football opens the 2015 season at home Friday, August 28th. The Bronco varsity will host Whittier Christian at 7pm. The game will be broadcast live on AM 1230 KBOV and streamed live here at kibskbov.com. This year marks the 35th consecutive season for live Bronco Football on KBOV. Arnie Palu and Rock Baker will have the call.
The Bronco Varsity is under the direction of Coach Bill Egan. 2015 marks the 15th season for Bishop's head coach. Egan has guided the Broncos to the playoffs in each of his first 14 seasons including a CIF southern section championship in 2010.
Bishop JV football will open the season on the 28th at 4pm welcoming Carson City High School to town. Carson is a fill in opponent since Whittier Christian is not bringing at JV this season. The Bronco JV are under the leadership of first year head coach James Ferrell. Ferrell has been an assistant for 5 seasons.
Both Bishop varsity and jv will travel to Boron this Friday, August 21st for a three way scrimmage with Boron and Desert. Bishop has a history with both programs, defeating Boron in the 2010 CIF championship game and facing Desert for years before Desert left the High Desert League in 2012. Fridays scrimmage begins at 4pm for the JV with the varsity starting at 6pm.
Cover Photo by Gary Young, #8 Hunter Kampmoyer.
This Saturday (August 22nd) you can enjoy a round of golf while supporting the Bishop Union High School Bronco Football Program. The tournament is a Four-Person Scramble with awards for the first, second and third place teams, as well as prizes for "closest to the hole" and "longest drive". The day will feature great raffle prizes and beverages to keep you hydrated. A continental breakfast before play begins and a good old-fashioned western BBQ following the tournament is included! Every golfer will have a member of the Football Team as his or her own caddy.
Registration opens at 7:30AM at Bishop Country Club, at 8:30 it's time to tee off.
The cost to walk the course with a football player caddy is $25.00 per person for Country Club members ($50 w/cart) and $50.00 for non-members ($65 w/cart). You may pre-register your four-person team at Bishop County Club (873-5828) or register the day of the event. All proceeds go to the Bishop Union High School Broncos Football program. Any questions or offers of tax-deductible sponsorship should be directed to Bronco Head Coach Bill Egan at (760) 873-9270.


This is a placeholder page for Brittni Hardcastle, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Brittni Hardcastle.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Brittni Hardcastle. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Brittni Hardcastle. We created this page automatically in hopes Brittni Hardcastle would find it. If you are not Brittni Hardcastle, but are an alumni of Mulberry High School Mulberry, FL, register on this site for free now.


This is a Earth Protection Ritual Calling upon the Goddess Nyx!
Cast your Circle, and then Pour Rosemary water into Offering Bowl. Take your Athame and take some salt on its type, then mix with the Rosemary Water! Left the Water with salt in the sky and then Chant.
water. My Offering is set.
With the Goddess three, I bind this Ritual in the name of Nyx and Erebus, So Mote it Be!
Light the Candle before you go to sleep each Night, Until it is melted, then on night after it is completely melted, Bury out side the place you wish to protect, or give to the person to hide under their bed.
Part of the Gypsy Witchcraft Library.


Bliss Crucifix Pendant on this product page comes without a chain. A jump-ring is included so you can attach it to your own chain. You can easily add a chain you like from a wide selection of chains available from our "Necklaces & Chains" selection.
This item is available with or without a chain. If you would like a chain, please make a selection from our Necklaces & Chains page. Rosary Bay offers various chain styles in various sizes and materials, including sterling silver neck chains, gold-filled neck chains, and 14K gold neck chains.
Bliss Crucifix Pendant is made of sterling silver, and at least 92.5 percent pure silver. Copper is typically combined to improve the metal's hardness and durability without compromising the quality and look of the silver.
Sterling Silver crucifixes are marked with a quality stamp to ensure the content of the silver. Federal law mandates that the quality stamp must include the maker's mark. You will find either "Sterling Bliss" or "Sterling BLI" on the back of our medals – both acceptable quality marks.
Our 14 Karat Gold is composed of 58.3 percent pure gold and is ideal for fine jewelry. Other alloys, such as copper, are mixed in with the gold to give more of a red warm hue. This also give the metal strength. Since gold is a natural element, it is very durable. We do recommend removing the jewellery if it may come in contact with chemicals. To clean gold jewelry, use warm water and detergent free soap and a soft brush.
Cross Pendant 1 1/8" Hand-Engraved Cross 1"


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Q: required data annotation throwing error instead of validating client side I am trying to use a 'required' data annotation so a user is required to fill in a field client-side. Although if the user leaves the field blank and submits the form it throws an error, instead of telling the user client side that 'a start time is required'.
Error:

My data annotations:
[Required(ErrorMessage = "A start time is required")]
public string StartTime { get; set; }
[Required(ErrorMessage = "An end time is required")]
public string EndTime { get; set; }

Controllers for my form:
    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult BookingForm(School model)
    {
        School school = db.Schools.First(m => m.RollNumber ==
        model.RollNumber);
        return View(school);
    }

    [HttpPost]
    [ActionName("BookingForm")]
    public ActionResult BookingFormPost(Booking model)
    {
        db.Bookings.Add(model);
        db.SaveChanges();
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

View:
<form asp-controller="School" asp-action="BookingForm" method="post">

Please complete the following information

    School Roll Number:

    <input asp-for="Booking.Rollnumber" id="txtRoll" name="RollNumber"
value="@Model.RollNumber" />

    Choose Camp Date:

    <input asp-for="Booking.Date" id="txtDate" name="Date"
value="@Model.Date.Value.ToShortDateString()" />

    School Name:

    <input asp-for="Booking.OfficialSchoolName" id="txtOfficialSchoolName"
name="OfficialSchoolName" value="@Model.OfficialSchoolName" />

    School Address:

    <input asp-for="Booking.Address1" id="txtAddress1" name="Address1"
value="@Model.Address1" />

    <input asp-for="Booking.Address2" id="txtAddress2" name="Address2"
value="@Model.Address2" />

    <input asp-for="Booking.Address3" id="txtAddress3" name="Address3"
value="@Model.Address3" />

    <input asp-for="Booking.Address4" id="txtAddress4" name="Address4"
value="@Model.Address4" />

    Times Needed:

    <input asp-for="Booking.StartTime" id="txtStartTime" name="StartTime"
value="Start Time e.g. 10:30" />
    <input asp-for="Booking.EndTime" id="txtEndTime" name="EndTime"
value="End Time e.g. 16:00" />

    Class Groups:

    <input asp-for="Booking.ClassGroups" id="txtClassGroups"
name="ClassGroups" value="e.g. 4th class, 6th class, 1st year etc." />

    Topics to be covered:

    <input asp-for="Booking.Topics" id="txtTopics" name="Topics" value="" />

    Teacher Name:

    <input asp-for="Booking.TeacherName" id="txtTeacherName"
name="TeacherName" />

    Teacher Email:

    <input asp-for="Booking.Email" id="txtEmail" name="Email" />

    Teacher Contact Number:

    <input asp-for="Booking.PhoneNumber" " id="txtPhoneNumber"
name="PhoneNumber" value="@Model.PhoneNumber" />

    Would you like to take part in research surveys?

    <input asp-for="Booking.Surveys" id="Surveys" name="Surveys"
type="checkbox" checked />

<input type="submit" value="Submit" class="submit" />
</form>

Can anyone tell me why client-side validation is not happening? and why I am getting an error instead?
Cheers
edit:
I have tried the following controller changes
    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult BookingForm(School model)
    {
        School school = db.Schools.First(m => m.RollNumber ==
        model.RollNumber);
        return View(school);
    }

    [HttpPost]
    [ActionName("BookingForm")]
    public ActionResult BookingFormPost(Booking model)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            db.Bookings.Add(model);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index","Home");
        }

        return View(model);
    }

I then get the following browser message when I submit the form:
Server Error in '/' Application.
The model item passed into the dictionary is of type 'CampBookingSys.Models.Booking', but this dictionary requires a model item of type 'CampBookingSys.Models.School'.

A: On your Controller actions that receive the Model with the data annotation on its properties you should have something along the lines of
public IActionResult Get(Obj blah)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {

       ...
       return View("WhateverPageIsAfterSuccess")
    }

    return RedirectToAction("IndexAction")
}


The purpose of this manual, "Survivability (FM 5-103)," is to integrate survivability into the overall AirLand battle structure.
Survivability doctrine addresses when, where, and how fighting and protective battlefield positions are prepared for individual soldiers, troop units, vehicles, weapons, and equipment.
This manual implements survivability tactics for all branches of the combined arms teams. Battlefield survival critically depends on the quality of protection afforded by the positions.
The full spectrum of survivability encompasses planning and locating position sites, designing adequate overhead cover, analyzing terrain conditions and construction materials, selecting excavation methods, and countering the effects of direct and indirect fire weapons.
This manual is intended for engineer commanders, noncommissioned officers, and staff officers who support and advise the combined armed team, as well as combat arms commanders and staff officers who establish priorities, allocate resources, and integrate combat engineer support.


Another trending item is Candida and its potential role in seborrheic dermatitis. However, before getting too carried away with this prognosis it may be worthwhile to review all the facts and controversies surrounding this topic.
Candida is species of yeast and is one of the most common fungal infections worldwide. It can be a real threat for immunosuppressed individuals and the widespread use of antibiotics has in-fact promoted its growth in the last century as some online resources suggest.
Its virulence factor (it's level of threat and ability to infect) stems from its ability to survive in a variety of different environments . For example, E. coli may be able to survive in the human gut, but would have trouble in other organs and environments; Candida, on the other hand, is much more versatile and can adapt to not only live within the gut, but also the skin, genital area, and many other areas of our bodies .
Similar to the Malassezia yeast, a variety of Candida sub-species exist (over 20 species are currently known to have the potential of causing infection in humans). The most popular of these species is Candida albicans, but other strains also deserve attention.
The importance of other species of Candida is probably best demonstrated by individuals who undergo anti-fungal therapy. In this individuals, some of the other less discussed Candida species (such as Candida parapsilosis  or Candida Krusei ) may actually present more of a threat . And this has been hypothesized to be a result of the anti-fungals ability to wipe out competing species with less harmful aspects, leaving behind more aggressive fungi who are allowed to dominate the vacant environment.
When it comes to Candida's role in seborrheic dermatitis development there are some online resources that have made very clear and critical assumptions that this yeast could solely be responsible for seborrheic dermatitis. But can this really be the case and could decades of research in the area really have left this important connection undiscovered?
Looking at the medical research on this topic does reveal some interesting findings.
A Germany paper from 1989  noted that Candida in the intestine of examined individuals with either seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis showed a significantly higher phospholipase activity – compared to the laboratory strain that is already relatively high in phospholipase activity. At the same time, the feces of these individuals showed a high quantity of Candida yeast.
Apart from this, there does not appear to be any additional discussion or research into this topic since. The only other clue from a possible connection could be considered as the high rate of both candidiasis and seborrheic dermatitis occurring concurrently in HIV infected individuals.
While one study that suggests a possible connection may exist is far from anything substantial, some individuals may take the information and become convinced that Candida is really the source of all their troubles.
However, if we take into consideration everything that is so far known about seborrheic dermatitis (namely, being directly related to Malassezia fungus, alerted immune function, and increased levels of lipid oxidation) and that look at the relationship from a different perspective the cause-effect relationship becomes even more uncertain.
The other way of looking at this relationship is that increased candida presence and seborrheic dermatitis could easily be the result of an altered/abnormal immune function. And this more fundamental issue is what results in increased susceptibility to fungi.
From this point-of-view, seborrheic dermatitis would not be considered to be the result of candida infection, but two separate issues driven by a similar underlying factor (whatever is it making us susceptible to increased fungal colonization).
Unfortunately, it seems that the holistic and natural health market has really capitalized on Candida's existence and versatility. And many recent publications on the topic of health and nutrition have touted Candida as the cause of a wide variety of symptoms including everything from feeling tired to arthritis. This list of health issues that Candida is believed to be responsible for has grown so large that almost any ailment you might have, you can almost certainly find someone blaming Candida.
Taking advantage of this trend, many support sources and self-treatment discussion boards have popped up across the web. Even though these discussion boards can sometimes contain valuable information, it can be easy to get carried away with uneducated speculation.
In turn, this speculation can create a myriad of distraught thoughts, discussions, ideas, and can in-itself lead to self-propelled phobias . These phobias then put your body and nervous system on high alert throughout the day and may lead to unnecessary stress, anxiety, and nutrient deprivation.
The most popular method self-test for Candida is a simple spit test that is exceptionally popular online. This method has absolutely no validity and was actually created as a marketing tool by a creative company (Global Health Trax Inc) in the 90s. Unsurprisingly, the company's main product is ThreeLac, a simple probiotic product for regulating digestive microflora and fighting Candida.
If you believe you have a Candida infection (also known as candidiasis) the most reasonable thing to do is to undergo medical testing and spending time obtaining a more accurate diagnosis.
Going off of a hunch and perusing treatment without an accurate diagnosis could theoretically leave you in a worse place as you could be clearing the way for more opportunistic fungi by going the route of self-treatment with anti-fungal herbals and unprescribed medication.
Plus, the accuracy of modern medical testing is fairly good and definitely beats the dominating "self-test" published across the web. So if you really do think you have candidiasis, schedule a meeting with a local medical professional and get your theory tested.
This section provided a quick introduction to the Candida fungal species, its potential role as a human pathogen, and reviewed the potential link between Candida and seborrheic dermatitis.


the long and THE SHORT OF IT was born out of the reality that there are only 24 hours in a day and only a portion of them can be spent working. Reviews published under this moniker will be more brief and succinct. During the month of April there were no fewer than 14 openings on Broadway. That's busy for a large publication like the New York Times, let alone a single guy with a full-time job. And that's the long and THE SHORT OF IT.
In yet another example of just because you can do something doesn't mean you should, Ghost the Musical opened last week on Broadway. Directed by veteran director Matthew Warchus, this "musical" is an apparition, someone thought they saw a musical, but they didn't. Save yourself a lot of money and go out and rent the movie where you will at least make an emotional connection with the characters. The show has an inordinate number of bland power ballads by Glenn Ballard and founding member of Eurythmics, Dave Stewart. These tunes never live up to "Unchained Melody" which is used repeatedly throughout the evening. They are performed adequately by Richard Fleishman and Caissie Levy as the lovers Sam and Molly. Da'Vine Joy Randolph as Oda Mae Brown in the Whoopi Goldberg role is good, but Whoopi was funnier. She does fine by the two numbers in which she is featured. Ms. Randolph has just received a Tony nomination for her performance. Bryce Pinckham is n'er do well Carl Brunner.
The book by Bruce Joel Rubin appears to have come directly from the movie.
The show has an interesting set made up of LED panels that move. Rob Howell has designed the set. The dynamic video and projection design is by Jon Driscoll. The outlines on the LED wall mirror the dancers on stage, they move as they do. Howell and Driscoll have been nominated together for a Tony Award for Best Scenic Design of a Musical. The illusions by Paul Kieve were impressive. He had Sam walking through walls and has his hand move right through an object while trying to pick it up.
The new production of A Streetcar Named Desire featuring an African-American cast is certainly a well put together production. The three leads, Blair Underwood as Stanley (sans Kowalsky) is effectively intimidating, Nicole Ari Parker as Blanche is mellifluous but her demure "maiden in distress" routine becomes annoying. A large part of that is the character and not Ms. Parker's performance. Daphne Rubin Vega as Stella gives a solid performance and her unusual voice adds an interesting dynamic to Stella.
My favorite performance though from this production is Wood Harris as Mitch, one of Stanley's card-playing buddies. Mitch takes an interest in Blanche before he learns that she's really not what she appears. Mr. Harris plays Mitch with a simplicity and honesty that connected for me. The audience obviously felt this way as well considering the reception they gave him during the curtain call.
I don't think that having an African-American cast is either here nor there, but I did find it distracting wondering if an African-American woman would have owned a plantation in the south in 1952. While there inevitably were land owners of color, Mr. Williams might have adjusted the character of Blanche such that she wouldn't be quite so unsettled by her sister's living circumstances, which frankly, didn't strike me as all that unbearable. Directed by the McCarter Theatre's Emily Mann (who personally knew Williams), she has been quoted as saying that "Tennessee always wanted this to happen" but I wonder what changes he would have made to the script with an African-American cast?


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Home Canada LULA LOUNGE offers an Iconic Salsa Weekend on December
LULA LOUNGE offers an Iconic Salsa Weekend on December
The most famous orchestras of the Toronto Salsa Scene will show their distinctive vocal style and dynamic stage presence
In LULA you will have an amazing nightly experience. This establishment offers a unique Latin fusion menu for $45 if you arrive before 7:00 PM. They also offer a lively upbeat set of global party music starting at 7:30 PM.
At 8:30 PM Lula removes the tables to make room for the dance lesson around 9:00 PM, and you don't need a partner to enjoy the beginner Salsa lesson! Featuring Toronto's top instructors, the class will lead beginners through the salsa basics while more experienced dancers warm-up for the best salsa party in town. Between live music sets and until closing time, Lula hosts Toronto's top DJs spinning a dance floor-friendly mix of salsa, merengue, bachata and more. Likewise, if you want to wait for the live salsa band, it begins at 10:15 PM. Major information visiting their official social channel:
Lula Lounge
Doors Open: 6:30 PM
Salsa Live Show: 10:15 PM
Dance Lesson: 9:00 PM
Venue: 1585 Dundas Street W, Toronto
~~~ GOOGLE MAPS ~~~
Keep up to date with their Salsa Dates at https://www.LULA.ca/
LIVE SALSA ORCHESTRAS
Havana Club Friday:
YANI BORRELL & DJ SUAVE
Date: Friday, December 6th
Time: 8:30 PM – 2:00 AM
Show: 10:15 PM
Admission: $15 (Includes dance lesson)
Dance Lesson: AFRO-LATINO DANCE (9:00 PM)
Afterwork Global Party: 7:30 PM – 8:30 PM
One of Toronto's best-loved salsa singers, Yani brings his distinctive style at Lula
Solo artist, YANI BORRELL, has emerged as a powerful entertainer with a unique voice and passion, embodying true Salsa expression. Born in Camaguey- Cuba, he began his professional career at the age of 17 when he became the lead singer of "Orquesta Ideal", a well-known orchestra from his native town. Later, his experience traveling with different show bands in Cuba and performing in key venues in the country helped him to develop his distinctive vocal style and dynamic stage presence.
Since moving to Toronto in 2004, Yani Borrell has dominated the Latin music scene in Canada. He has been the co-founder of one of the most important Latin bands in Canada, and he has shared the stage with Salsa legends such as Andy Montañez, Cándido Fabré, Pupy y Los que Son Son, and Los Van Van, among others. Yani's performances are high energy crowd pleasers, where the audience is always up and dancing. He has entertained at many events and festivals held across Canada.
His self-titled, debut album "Yani Borrell", it's an artistic piece of work. Produced by Roberto Linares Brown, a well-known musician, arranger, and composer, this album offers a new flavor to the Latin music scene with fresh melodies and excellent arrangements, firmly rooted in authentic Cuban rhythms. It has been listed as one of the best Salsa albums produced in Canada in the last 10 years.
In 2014, Yani joined forces with C.W. Entertainment, a Management Artist Company based in Toronto and launched him as a "Major International Salsa Performer". That same year during a radio interview, the host referred to Yani as: "El Elegante de la Salsa", the nickname that accompanies him currently.
Two years later, in the summer of 2016, Yani Borrell is awarded "Best Latin Artist of the Year" by the Prestigious Caribbean Music Award Organization and in September 2018 the Canadian Latin Awards gave him the award as: "Best Vocalist of the Year". Please, visit him on his official website: https://www.yaniborrell.com/biography
Salsa Saturday:
SEAN BELLAVITI AND CONJUNTO LACALU & YULAISY MIRANDA
Date: Saturday, December 7th
Admission: $20 Cover (Includes dance lesson)
Dance Lesson: Angela Seth
DJ: SANTIAGO VELASQUEZ
Rooted in the Cuban Sonora tradition, Sean Bellaviti and Conjunto Lacalu couples a dynamic three-trumpet horn section with a rhythm section featuring Afro-Cuban hand percussion, piano, bass, and tres! For this special performance, Lacalu will be joined by Yulaysi Miranda Ferrer (Direct from Havana).
SEAN BELLAVITI and CONJUNTO LACALU represent the best of international renowned in the Toronto Salsa scene. Founded and directed by pianist-composer Sean Bellaviti in Toronto (2008), this dynamic orchestra with an Afro-Cuban rhythm section: Percussion, Piano, Bass, Guitar, and Cuban Tres, gives a "Classic" Salsa sound that highlights the versatility and Latin sonority in Canada. This band has two recording albums: Toronto Mambo and Salsa De La Buena (2016).
The Conjunto Lacalu's repertoire heightens the legacy of their predecessors, such as Conjunto Clásico and Sonora Ponceña, as well as, including a series of original arrangements. This band that presents their show in Lula Lounge has been the accompanying orchestra by choice of many salsa singers: Henry Fiol, Tito Rojas, Tony Vega, and Eddie Santiago, among many others. If you want more information about this impressive band visits them on their Facebook page:
Sean Bellaviti & Conjunto Lacalu
On the other hand, Yulaysi Miranda Ferrer made her debut with the Latin Grammy-nominated Septeto Habanero and was the first female singer to record an album, with them. Yulaysi has also performed and recorded with Aromas de Cuba, Estrellas de Chocolate, Son Damas, Anacaona, Manolito Simonet y su Trabuco, Denny y su Swing, Adalberto Álvarez, Pupi y Los que son son, and the great Salsa star, Omara Portuondo. Yulaysi Miranda Ferrer is currently the lead vocalist for Son en Klav Band.
2020 New Years Eve Live Salsa Party
HAVANA VENTU & DJ SANTIAGO VELASQUEZ
Date: Tuesday, December 31st
Tickets: $50 – $169
Dance Lesson: Baila Boogaloo (Salsa basics)
Spending the New Year's Eve at Lula Lounge is having an exotic night with the exuberant rhythms of live Salsa music, the pulsating dance floor, and the flavors of Latin-American and Caribbean-inspired dishes and cocktails that will transport you to the hot of the tropics inside Toronto for one night.
The evening features a sumptuous tropical fusion 4-course dinner, a beginner salsa lesson with Baila Boogaloo Dance Co. & DJ spinning a mix of top 40 and Latin dance hits plus two full sets of high energy live salsa by the Cuban band Havana Ventu and a toast with bubbly at midnight.
Between sets and until closing time, DJ Santiago Velasquez will be spinning a dance floor-friendly mix of salsa, merengue, bachata and more.
Havana Ventu will perform with high energy salsa hits by Johnny Pacheco, Manolito Simonet, Adalberto Alvarez and Toronto composers such as Elizabeth Rodriguez and Pablosky Rosales. Havana Ventu is led by Cuban percussionist and composer Magdelys Savigne. Special guest on drums: Frank Martinez from Ottawa.
Salsa Live
salsa orchestra
Salsa Show
salsa singer
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