text:
\section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction/History}
In classical differential geometry
(``a language the muse did not sing at my cradle'' - see below), \emph{parallel transport} is defined in the context of a \emph{connection} on a smooth bundle  $p:E\to B$.
The latter can mean a covariant derivative operator, a differential 1-form or a set of horizontal subspaces in the tangent bundle $Tp:TE\to TB.$ The corresponding \emph{parallel transport}
$\tau: E\times_B  B^I \to E$ is constructed by lifting a path in $B$ to a \emph{unique!} path in $E$ with specified starting point.
The \emph{holonomy} is given by the evaluation of $\tau$ on $\Omega B$, the space of based loops in $B$. The \emph{holonomy group} is the image as a subgroup of the structure group of the bundle. That it is a group follows from the uniqueness of the lifting. It is well defined up to conjugation depending on the choice of base point.

If $p:E\to B$ is only a fibration of topological spaces, the situation is different: we still can lift paths but not uniquely.
However, the lifts are related by homotopies, so that the  right action of
$\Omega B$ on the fibre $F$ is well behaved up to homotopy, i.e.

\begin{displaymath}
\begin{CD}
   F\times  \Omega B \times    \Omega B @>m \times 1>> F \times \Omega B \\
    @V{1\times a}VV              @VV{a}V \\
F \times \Omega B    @> a>>    F
\end{CD}
\end{displaymath}

\noindent is homotopy commutative, where $m$ is multiplication in $\Omega B$ and $a$ is the action. In fact, there is a whole sequence of coherent higher homotopies, which we review below.
(Because $\lambda\mu$ denotes travelling along $\lambda$ first and then along $\mu$, the action will be written as right action: $(f,\lambda)\mapsto f\lambda.$)

Perhaps the oldest treatment in algebraic topology
(I learned it as a grad student from Hilton's Introduction to Homtopy Theory \cite{hilton:intro}  - the earliest textbook on the topic)
is to  consider the long exact sequence, where $F$ is the fibre over a chosen base point in $B$,
$$\cdots\to \pi_n(F)\to \pi_n(E)\to \pi_n(B)\to \pi_{n-1}(F)\to \cdots$$
ending with $$\cdots \to \pi_1(B)\to \pi_0(F)\to \pi_0(E)\to \pi_0(B).$$
Of course, exactness is very weak at the end since the last three are in general only sets, but
exactness at $ \pi_0(F)$ is in terms of the action of $ \pi_1(B)$ on $ \pi_0(F).$  This passage to homotopy classes obscures the `action' of $\Omega B$ on $F$.  Initially, this was referred to as a \emph{homotopy action},
meaning only that $\lambda(\mu f)$ was homotopic to $(\lambda\mu)f$  for $f\in F$ and $\lambda, \mu \in \Omega B.$

In  those days, at least at Princeton, there was no differential geometry until Milnor gave an undergrad course my final year there.  Notice that our book `Characteristic Classes' \cite{MS:cc} considers differential forms only in Appendix C, added much later. I think this lack of de Rham theory in my graduate education was the result of Serre's thesis which triumphed over characteristic 0, cf. Colloque de Topologie, Bruxelles (1950). Only recently have I learned of even greater significance of the metric geometry for the boundary map $ \pi_n(B) \to \pi_{n-1}(F)$ \cite{duran:exotic}.

Similarly,  I learned only much lateer of the notion of \emph{thin homotopy} which quotients $\Omega B$ to a group without losing so much information. Just recently, Johannes Huebschman led me to a paper of Kobayashi (from 1954!) where he is already using what is now called thin homotopy in terms of parallel transport and holonomy for smooth bundles with connection.

Back in 1966,  in the Mexican Math Bulletin \cite{jds:mex}, a journal not readily available\cite{jds:mex} (although summarized in \cite{jds:madison,jds:bingh}),  I showed that in the topological setting of fibrations
(satisfying  the homotopy lifting property), there was a notion of `parallel'  transport not dependent on having a connection. This meant  not only the above homotopy action, but in fact an sh (or
$A_\infty$)-action, which is to say the adjoint $\Omega B\to End(F)$ was an
$A_\infty$-map.
 (Not long after, Nowlan \cite{nowlan:action} studied more general $A_\infty$-actions of fibres on total spaces.) Note that the homotopy lifting property does \emph{not} imply unique lifting, so even the composition of paths is \emph{not} necessarily respected when lifting.

For my purposes, it was sufficient to consider transport along based loops in the base,  though the arguments  allow for transport along any path in the base.

Inspired by Block-Smith \cite{block-smith} and Igusa  \cite{igusa:twisting}, Abad and Schaetz \cite{abad-schaetz}  showed that `flat' smooth parallel transport (e.g. as in  \cite{igusa:twisting,block-smith}) can be derived from the $A_\infty$ version of de Rham's theorem due to Gugenheim \cite{gugenheim:deRham}; this allows them to extend parallel transport to
an $A_\infty$-functor.\footnote{The term `flat'  is used to denote  direct generalization of the usual notion of parallel transport with zero curvature. More  generally, smooth (not necessarily flat) parallel transport may be described in terms of integration of $\infty$-connections data, as in \cite{fss}.}

They work with what is known as the  $\infty$-groupoid $\Pi_{\infty}(B)$ of a space $B$ and
its \emph{representations up to homotopy} on a fibre bundle $E\to B$. The   $\infty$-groupoid $\Pi_{\infty}(B)$ can be represented as a simplicial set: the singular complex $Sing(B).$ This led me to revisit my earlier work on `parallel' transport and extend   work to the fibrations setting, i.e. without any smoothness or connection operator or differential form or any infinitesimal input.

 What I am  after here is an analog of parallel transport along paths extended to parallel transport over (maps of) simplices, not  just 1-simplices.

\begin{remark} Just as there is only linguistic difference between an action of a group on an object and a representation of that group, the same is true in the homotopy setting, but sometimes a homotopy action means only the existence of a single homotopy and some times the usual coherent collection of higher homotopies;
when in doubt, it is best to prepend $A_\infty$ or \emph{strong homotopy}.
\end{remark}
\section{The `classical' topological case}
We first recall what are rightly known as Moore paths \cite{jcm:paths} on a topological space $X$.
\begin{definition}
Let  $R^+=[0, \infty)$ be the nonnegative real line. For a space $X,$
let $\emph{Moore(X)}$ be the subspace of \emph{Moore paths}  $\subset X^{{R}^+}\times {R}^+$ of pairs $(f,r)$
such that $f$ is constant on $[r, \infty)$. There are two
maps

\begin{itemize}
\item
$\partial^-, \partial^+: Moore(X) \to X,$
\item
$\partial^-(f,r)=f(0),$
\item
$\partial^+(f,r)=f(r).$
\end{itemize}

Recall composition $\circ$ of Moore paths in $Moore(X)$ is given by
sending pairs
$(\lambda,r),(\mu,s)\in Moore(X)$ such that $\lambda(r)=\mu(0)$ to  $\lambda\mu\in Moore(X) $ which  is constant on $[r+s,
\infty)$, $\lambda\mu|[0,r]=\lambda|[0,r]$ and $\lambda\mu(t)=\mu(t-r)$ for $t \geq r$.
An identity function $\epsilon: X \to Moore(X)$ is given by
$\epsilon(x)=(\hat{x},0)$ where $\hat{x}$ is the constant map on
${R}^+$ with value $x$.
\end{definition}
Composition is continuous and
 gives, as is well known, a category/$\infty$-groupoid structure on
$Moore(X)$.

 If we had used the `ancient' Poincar\'e paths $I\to X$, we would have had to work with an $A_\infty$-structure on $X^I.$ Indeed, it was working with that standard parameterization which led to $A_\infty$-structures
\cite{sugawara:g, jds:hahI}.

For a category $C$, we denote by $C_{(n)}$ the set of n-tuples of composable morphisms.  In partcular, we will be concerned with $Moore(B)_{(n)}.$ We will write $\mathbf{t}$ for $(t_1,\cdots,t_n)$ and $\hat t_i$ for $(t_1,\cdots,t_{i-1}, t_{i+1},\cdots,t_n)$,
 Back in 1988 \cite{jds:shrep}, I referred to \emph{strong homotopy representations}, but today I will use the \emph{representation up to homotopy} terminology, having in mind the generalization that comes next.

\begin{definition}
\label{Thetas}
A \emph{representation up to homotopy} of  $Moore(B)$ on a fibration $E\to B$ is
an $A_\infty$-morphism (or shm-morphism \cite{sugawara:hc})  from $Moore(B)$ to $End_B(E)$; that is, a collection of maps
 $$\theta_n: I^{n-1}\times E  \times_B Moore(B)_{(n)}  \to E$$
 (where $E  \times_B Moore(B)_{(n)} $ consists of $n+1$-tuples  $(e,\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_n)$ where the
 $\lambda_i$  are composable paths, constant on $[r_i,\infty)$, and $p(e) = \lambda_1(0)$)
 such that
$$p(\theta_n(\mathbf{t},e,\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_n)) = \lambda_n (r_n),$$
$$\theta_n(\mathbf{t},--,\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_n)$$
is a fibre homotopy equivalence and
 satisfies the usual/standard relations:
 \begin{itemize}
\item $ \;
\displaystyle{\theta_n(t_1,\cdots,t_i=0,\cdots, t_{n-1},e,\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_n))
= \theta_{n-1}(\hat t_i,e,\cdots,\lambda_{i}\lambda_{i+1},\cdots))}$

\item $ \;
\displaystyle{\theta_n(t_1,\cdots,t_i=1,\cdots, t_{n-1},e,\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_n)) = } \\
\hspace*{\stretch{1}}
\displaystyle{ = \theta_i(\cdots,t_{i-1}, \theta_{n-i}(t_{i+1},\cdots,t_{n-1}, \lambda_i,\cdots, \lambda_n,e),\lambda_1,\dots, \lambda_{i-1},).}
\hspace*{\stretch{0}}$
 \end{itemize}
 \end{definition}
 \begin{remark} \emph{That the parameterization is by cubes, as for Sugawara's strongly homotopy multiplicative maps rather than more general polytopes, reflects the fact that $Moore(X)$ and $ End_B(E)$ are strictly associative. Strictly speaking, referring to $Moore(B) \to End_B(E)$ as an $A_\infty$-map raises issues about a topology on  $End_B(E);$ the adjoint formulas above avoid this difficulty.
 \vskip1ex
 Even more difficult, at least for exposition and detailed proofs, would be the use of `Poincar\'e'  loops requiring $\theta_n$ to use $K_{n+1}$ instead of $ I^{n-1}.$}
   \end{remark}

 Since our construction uses in a crucial way the homotopy lifting property, we first construct maps
$$\Theta_n: I^n \times E  \times_B Moore(B)_{(n)}   \to E$$
such that the desired $\theta_n$ are then recovered at $t_1=1.$

 \begin{remark} \emph{The special case} $\Theta_1: I \times E  \times_B Moore(B)_{(n)}  \to E$ \emph{corresponds to a path lifting function. In a little known paper \cite{d&e}, Dyer and Eilenberg call such a $\Theta_1$ an action of the path space $Moore(B)_{(1)}$ on $E$ and point out that its existence is equivalent to $p$ having the homotopy lifting property.}
\end{remark}

The idea is that
 if $\Theta_j$ has been defined satisfying these relations for all $j<n$, the $\Theta_{n-1}$ will fit together to define $\Theta_n$ on all faces of the cube except for the face where $t_1=1.$ In analogy with the horns of simplicial theory, we will talk about filling an \emph{open  box}, meaning the boundary of the cube minus the open face, called a \emph{lid}, where $t_i=1$ (compare horn-filling in the simplicial setting).  Use the homotopy lifting property to  `fill in the box'  in $E$ after filling in the trivial image box in $B.$ That box in $B$ is  a trivial box since it is just  the composite path $\lambda_1\cdots \lambda_n.$

It might help to consider the cases $n=1,2.$
Consider $(\lambda,r)\in Moore(B).$ Lift $\lambda$ to a path $(\bar\lambda,r)$ starting at $e\in E.$
Define $\Theta_1: I \times E\to Moore (B) \to E$ by

$$\Theta_1(t,e,(\lambda,r)) = (\bar\lambda,r)(tr)\in E$$
and $\theta_1(e,(\lambda,r)) = \Theta_1(1,e,(\lambda,r)) =: e(\lambda,r).$

Now lift $(\mu,s)$ to  a path $(\bar\mu,s)$ starting at $e(\lambda,r)\in E$
and lift $ (\lambda,r)(\mu,s)$ to a path $(\overline{\lambda\mu},r+s)$ starting at $e.$
These lifts fit together to define a map to $E$, which will be the restriction of the desired map   on the open 2-dimensional box of the desired map $\Theta_2.$ This open box has an  image in $B$ which can trivially be filled in. Regarding the filling as a homotopy, the map to $E$ on the open 2-dimensional box can be filled in by lifting that homotopy.

\begin{theorem}
\label{parallel}
(cf. Theorem A in \cite{jds:mex}) For any fibration $p:E\to B$, there is an $A_\infty$-action $\{\theta_n\}$ of Moore(B) on $E$ such that $\theta_1$ is a fibre homotopy equivalence. This action is unique up to homotopy
in the  $A_\infty$-sense.

\end{theorem}

In Theorem B in \cite{jds:mex}, I proved further:

\begin{theorem}
Given an $A_\infty$-action $\{\theta_n\}$ of the Moore loops $\Omega B$ on a space $F$, there is a fibre space $p_\theta: E_\theta\to B$ such that, up to homotopy,  the $A_\infty$-action $\{\theta_n\}$ can be recovered by the above procedure. If the $A_\infty$-action $\{\theta_n\}$ was originally obtained by the above procedure from a fibre space $p:E\to B$, then $p_\theta$ is fibre homotopy equivalent to $p$.
\end{theorem}

This construction gave rise to the slightly more general (re)construction below.  It can also be generalized to give an $\infty$-version of the Borel construction/homotopy quotient: $G\to X \to X_G=X//G$ for  an $A_\infty$-action \cite{iwase-mimura:hha}.

\section{Upping the ante to {\it Sing}}
 Inspired by Block-Smith \cite{block-smith} and Igusa  \cite{igusa:twisting}, Abad and Schaetz \cite{abad-schaetz}   look not at just composable paths, but rather  look at the singular complex $Sing(B)$. For a singular $k$-simplex $\sigma:\Delta^k\to B$, there are several $k$-tuples  of composable paths  from vertex 0 to vertex $k$ by restriction to edges, in fact, $k!$ such.  Given $\sigma$, we denote by $F_i$ the fibre over vertex $i\in \sigma$.

  Following e.g.\! Abad-Schaetz \cite{abad-schaetz} (based on Abad's thesis and his earlier work with Crainic), we make the following definition of a \emph{representation up to homotopy}, where we take  a singular $k$-simplex $\sigma$ to be (the image of )\newline $<0,1,\cdots,k>$ with the $p$-th face $\partial_p\sigma$ being $<0,\cdots,p-1,p+1,\cdots,k>.$ However, we keep much of the notation above rather than switch to theirs.

  \begin{definition}
 A \emph{representation up to homotopy} of $Sing(B)$ on a fibration $E\to B$ is a collection of maps
$\{ \theta_{k}\}_{k\geq 0}$ which assign to any $k$-simplex $\sigma:\Delta^k\to B$ a map $ \theta_{k}(\sigma): I^{k-1}\times F_0 \to F_k$ satisfying, for any $e\in F_0$, the relations:

$\theta_0$ is the identity on  $F_0$

\noindent For any $(t_1,\cdots,t_{k-1})$,

$\theta_k(\sigma)(t_1,\cdots,t_{k-1}, -): F_0 \to F_k$ is a homotopy equivalence.

\noindent For any $1\leq p\leq k-1$ and $e\in F_0$,

\noindent

$$ \theta_{k}(\sigma)(\cdots ,  t_p=0, \cdots, e) =  \theta_{k-1}(\partial_p\sigma)(\cdots,\hat t_p,\cdots,, e)$$

$$ \theta_{k}(\sigma)(\cdots ,  t_p=1, \cdots, e) = $$
$$
 \theta_{p}(<0,\cdots,p>)(t_1,\cdots, t_{p-1},  \theta_{q}(<p,\cdots,k>)(t_{p+1},\cdots,t_k,e)).$$

\end{definition}

\begin{remark} \emph{In definition \ref{parallel}, we worked with Moore paths so that the $A_\infty$- map was between
strictly associative spaces. Here instead the compatible 1-simplices compose just as e.g. a pair of 1-simplices and are related to a single 1-simplex only by an intervening 2-simplex. Associativity is trivial; the subtlety is in handling the 2-simplices and higher ones for multiple compositions. The idea of constructing a representation up to homotopy is very much like that of Theorem 1, the major difference being that instead of comparing two different liftings of the composed paths which are necessarily homotopic, we are comparing a  lifting e.g. of a path from 0 to 1 to 2 with a lifting of a path from 0 to 2 IF there is a singular 2-simplex $<012>$.  However, note that $<02>$ plays the role of $\lambda_1\lambda_2$ of Moore paths in the above formulas.}
\end{remark}

\begin{theorem}For any fibration $p:E\to B$, there is a representation up to homotopy of $Sing(B)$ on $E.$
\end{theorem}

\begin{remark} \emph{The fact that the representation up to homotopy is by fibre homotopy equivalence (as for the action of Moore(B)) is justified by the following:
Since a simplex $\sigma$ is contractible, the pullback $\sigma^*E$ is fibre homotopy trivial over $\sigma$.
Choose the requisite lifts in $\sigma^*E$ using a trivialization corresponding to the homotopy we want to lift and then map back into $E$.}
\end{remark}
\begin{remark} \emph
{In contrast to the smooth bundle case where a connection provides unique path lifting, the fibration case is considerably more subtle since path and homotopy lifting is far from unique.
}
\end{remark}
The proof is in essence the same as that for Theorem \ref{parallel}.  The desired $\theta_n$ will appear as the missing lid on an open box (defined inductively) which is filled in by homotopy liftings $\Theta_n$ of a \emph{coherent} set of maps
$$p_n:I^{n}\to \Delta^n,$$
  where  $\Delta^n$ is the set
$$\{(t_1,\cdots, t_n) |  0\leq t_1 \leq t_2...\leq 1\},$$ are given in terms of
 iterated convex linear functions.

 For $n=1$, define $p_1: t\mapsto t_1.$

 For $n=2,3$, write $t_1=t, \ t_2 =s,\  t_3=r.$
For $n=2$, define $c:=p_2:(t,s)\mapsto (t\cdot 1+ (1-t)s,s)$ and then
$$p_3:(t,s,r)\mapsto (c(c(t,s),r), c(s,r),r) = (c(t\cdot 1+ (1-t)s),r),c(s,r),r).$$
See Figure \ref{cube2simplex}.

These have probably been written elsewhere; if you find them, let me know.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{jim_3.pdf}
\caption{$p_3:I^3\to \Delta^3$}
\label{cube2simplex}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

By coherent, I mean respecting the facial structure of the cubes and simplices.
Closely related are coherent maps
$$\gamma_n:I^{n-1}\to P\Delta^n$$
where $P$ denotes the set of paths, i.e. $P\Delta^n= Map(I,\Delta^n).$
Such maps were first produced by Adams \cite{adams:cobar} in the topological context by induction using the contractability of $\Delta^n$.  Later specific formulas were introduced by Chen \cite{chen:iterated} and, most recently, equivalently but more  transparently, by Igusa \cite{igusa:twisting}.

More precisely:

\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad $\gamma_1(0)$ is the trivial path, constant at $0$

\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad and $\gamma_2:I \to \Delta^1$ is the `identity'.

\noindent For any $1\leq p\leq k-1$,

$$\gamma_{k}(\cdots ,  t_p=0, \cdots) = \gamma_{k-1}(\cdots,\hat t_p,\cdots)$$
\noindent and
$$\gamma_{k}(\sigma)(\cdots ,  t_p=0, \cdots) = $$
$$
\gamma_p(t_1,\cdots, t_{p-1})\gamma_{q}(t_{p+1},\cdots,t_{k-1}).$$

One way to describe the relation between the $p_n$ and the $\gamma_n$  in words is: travel from vertex 0 partway toward vertex 1 then straight partway toward vertex 2 then
straight partway toward vertex 3 etc. (See Figure\ref{mine}.)

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{jim_2.pdf}
\caption{The relation between the $p_n$ and the $\gamma_n$}
\label{mine}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Note that these are slighty different from the version of $\gamma_n$
given by Igusa; see  Figure \ref{igusa} taken from  \cite{igusa:iterated}.

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     \qbezier(.6,0)(.65,.05)(.7,.1)\qbezier(.7,.3)(.8,.6)(.9,.9) }}
    \put(3.9,1.3){\thicklines {\color{red}\put(.7,.1){\line(0,1){.2}} }}
     \put(3.9,2.6){\tetrahedron \thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){.6}}
     {\color{blue}
     \qbezier(.6,0)(.7,.1)(.8,.2)\qbezier(.8,.6)(.85,.75)(.9,.9) }}
     \put(3.9,2.6){\thicklines {\color{red}\put(.8,.2){\line(0,1){.4}}
     } }
   \put(3.9,3.9){\tetrahedronB}
    \put(3.9,3.9){
   \thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){.6}}
    {\color{blue}\qbezier(.6,0)(.7,.1)(.9,.3)}}
	 \put(3.9,3.9){\thicklines{\color{red}\put(.9,.3){\line(0,1){.6}}
	 }  }}
 	%
   %
  %
\end{picture}
}}
\caption{Igusa's Figure 3}
\label{igusa}
}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Hopefully the pattern is clear.

Correspondingly, the liftings $\Theta_n:I^n \times E\to E$ form a
collection of maps which assign to any $k$-simplex $\sigma:\Delta^k\to B$ a map $ \Theta_{k}(\sigma): I^{k}\times F_0 \to F_k$ satisfying, for any $e\in F_0$, the relations :

$\Theta_0(0)$ is the identity on  $F_0.$

\noindent For any $(t_1,\cdots,t_{k})$,

$\Theta_k(\sigma)(t_1,\cdots,t_{k}, -): F_0 \to F_k$ is a homotopy equivalence.

\noindent For any $1\leq p\leq k-1$,

$$ \Theta_{k}(\sigma)(\cdots ,  t_p=0, \cdots, e) =  \Theta_{k-1}(\partial_p\sigma)(\cdots,\hat t_p,\cdots, e)$$

$$ \Theta_{k}(\sigma)(\cdots ,  t_p=1, \cdots, e) = $$
$$
 \Theta_{p}(<0,\cdots,p>)(t_1,\cdots, t_{p-1},  \theta_{q}(<p,\cdots,k>)(t_{p+1},\cdots,t_k,e)).$$
\vskip1ex
\noindent The desired $\theta_n$ is again recovered at $t_1=1.$
\vskip2ex
The maps $p_n$ can be interpreted as homotopies $q_n: I\to (\Delta^n)^{I^{n-1}}$ and so subject to the homotopy lifting property.
For example, $\gamma_1: 0\to P\Delta^1$ is a path which can be lifted as in Theorem 1 to give
$\Theta_1: I\times F_0\to E$. Then
$\gamma_2:I\to P\Delta^2$ such that $0$ maps to the `identity' path $I\to <02>$ while $1$ maps to the concatenated path $<01><12>.$ (Henceforth, we will assume paths have been normalized to length 1 where appropriate.) Now lift the homotopy $\gamma_2$ to a homotopy
$\Theta_2(<012>):I\times I\times E \to E$ between $\Theta_1( <02>)$ and $\Theta_1(<01><12>).$ In particular,
$\Theta_2(<012>):1\times I\times E \to E$ gives the desired homotopy $\theta_2:I\times F_0\to F_k.$

The situation becomes slightly more complicated as we increase the dimension.
The case
$\Delta^3$ is illustrative. The faces $<023>$ and $<013>$ lift just as $<012>$ had via $\Theta_2$, but
that lift must then be `whiskered'  by a rectangle over $<23>$ which glues onto $\Theta_3(<012>$. In a less complicated way $<123>$ is lifted so that
vertex $1$ agrees with the end of the `whisker' which is the lift of $<01>$. Thus the total lift of $<0123>$ ends with the desired $\theta_3: I^2\times F_0\to F_3.$ The needed whiskering (of various dimensions) is prescribed by the $t_p=1$ relations of Definition \ref{Thetas} to be satisfied.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{jim_1.pdf}
\caption{$\Theta_3$}
\label{Theta3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

 Further details are left to the industrious reader.
\section{(Re)-construction of fibrations}
In \cite{jds:mex}, I showed how to construct a fibration from the data of an strong homotopy action  of
$\Omega B$ on a `fibre' $F$. If the action came from a given fibration $F\to E\to B$, the constructed fibration
was fibre homotopy equivalent to the given one. For \emph{representations up to homotopy}, a similar result applies using analogous techniques, with some additional subtlety.

First we try to construct a fibration naively. Over each 1-simplex $\sigma$ of $Sing(B)$, we take
$\sigma\times F_0$ and attempt to glue these pieces appropriately. For the one simplices $<01>$ and $<12>$,
we have $\theta_1:F_0\to F_1$ which tells us how to glue $<01>\times F_0$ to $<12>\times F_1$ at vertex 1,
but, since $\theta_1:F_0\to F_2$ is not the composite of  $\theta_1:F_0\to F_1$ and  $\theta_?:F_1\to F_2$,
we can not simply plug in $<012>\times F_0$ over  $<012>$.  However, we can plug in $I^2\times F_0$
since $\theta_2: I\times F_0\to F_2$ will supply the glue over vertex 2.

To describe the total space of the fibration (or at least a quasi-fibration),  we use the special maps $p_n:I^n\to \Delta^n.$
Now return to the description of the fibration $\bar p_2: E_2\to\Delta^2$ above.
  In greater precision,
  $$E_2= <01>\times F_0\ \cup_1 <12>\times F_1\ \cup_0 <02>\times F_0\  \cup I^2\times F_0.$$
  The attaching maps over the vertices $0$ and $1$ are obvious as are the projections to the edges of
  $\Delta^2.$  On $ I^2\times F_0$, the attaching maps are obvious except for the face $t_2=s=1$ where it is given by $\theta_2: I\times F_0\to F_2,$
  so as to be compatible with the projection $\bar p_2: I^2\times F_0 \to \Delta^2.$

    The result is at least a quasi-fibration $q:E_\theta\to B$ and can be replaced up to fibre homotopy equivalence by a true fibration (cf. \cite{ fuchs:fibrations}.

 Notice that although the definition of representation up to homotopy was in terms of  fibrations, in fact it really needs only the collection of fibres $F_\sigma$ for the 0-simplices of $Sing(B)$. The equivalence in the appropriate sense between \emph{representations up to homotopy of $Sing(B)$} and \emph{fibrations over $B$} follows as for Theorem B in \cite{jds:mex}.

 \section{Coda}
 Physics is often written in terms of smooth structures, differential forms and `geometrically' in terms of connections.
 From a topological point of view, parallel transport is the more basic notion. In particular, string theory and string field theory
 has inspired string topology, inititiated by Chas and Sullivan,  and a variety of $\infty$-algebras. I look forward to the corresponding representation-up-to-strong homotopy theory feeding back into physics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Time to Rein in the Press
By Mark Mangie. It is time to rein in the press. The rabid press has gotten it wrong again. Starting with the 2016 election and their coronation plans for Hillary Clinton; moving on to the Kavanaugh hearings where they proclaimed…
Should States Have an Electoral College for Governor?
By Lloyd "Sticks" Burt. Right now there is a push by the Democratic Party to abolish the national Electoral College. The progressive movement has, for over a century, been trying to move the United States into a direct democracy rather…
Not Your Grandfather's Racism
By Mark Mangie. "Are there any white people left in America?' a friend of mine asked while out for dinner a week or so ago. I was startled to say the least. I have known this individual for years. Kind,…
Democrats' Racism and Sexism Being Unmasked
By: Dr. Ada M. Fisher. The political affairs of the Democratic Party of Virginia with Gov. Ralph Northam and Atty. Gen. Mark Herring accused and found in black face during their college years, as well as Lt. Gov. Justin Fairfax…
Emma Goldman's Awakening
By: James Maropoulakis Denney. Anarchist/feminist, 1869-1940, political activist and author. She was jailed for publicly advocating birth control in America. Goldman was born in Russian Lithuania in a Jewish family, and immigrated to America in 1885. After her release from…
Illegals & Border Security: An Existential Threat
By: James Maropoulakis Denney. The obvious meaning of the word existential is "relating to existence". It is appropriate for use it in the title to this piece, and that is precisely how it is intended.
Semi-automatic Rifles vs "Assault Weapons"
By: James Maropoulakis Denney. The term "assault weapons" is a dishonest left-wing term used to propagandize against the 2nd Amendment.
Greed and Envy- The Cornerstone of the Income Tax
By: Lloyd "Sticks" Burt . When the founding fathers drafted the Constitution they made a very real decision to require all taxation be of equal percentages. They also intended for the Federal Government to be funded through import duties and…
Mahoning County Republican Party Chairman's Fall Dinner
Chairman's Fall Dinner and Reception featuring Congressmen Jim Jordan and Bill Johnson The Georgetown Banquet Center November 1, 2018 VIP Reception – 5:15 PM General Reception – 6:00 PM Dinner – 6:30 PM General Reception and Dinner: $60.00 pp/ $110.00/couple VIP Reception and…
A Little Something About Fascism
By: James Maropoulakis Denney.* I have always believed it to be crucial to understand the current political/social trends and movements that shape our world, and how they affect our freedom and way of life. More importantly, it is crucial to…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Suor Pascalina - Nel cuore della fede (Gottes mächtige Dienerin) è un film TV italo-tedesco andato in onda, in prima serata, l'8 aprile 2012 su Rai 1.

Trama
Il film è incentrato sulla figura della suora bavarese che per quasi quarant'anni fu collaboratrice di monsignor Eugenio Pacelli  diventato poi papa Pio XII.

Suor Pascalina fu la prima donna ad avere un ruolo importante nell'amministrazione del Vaticano.

Josefine Lehnert (suor Pascalina) vive in famiglia fino agli anni dell'adolescenza. Suo padre si oppone con violenza alle sue aspirazioni: le impedisce di studiare e vorrebbe farle rinnegare la vocazione spirituale. Ma la vocazione della ragazza è così forte che la conduce nel convento della congregazione delle Suore di Menzingen della Santa Croce. Diviene poi inviata della madre superiora Tharsilla Tanner per sostenere come governante Eugenio Pacelli, a sua volta inviato a Monaco dalla Santa Sede per portare a compimento il Concordato con la Baviera. Il rigore e la conoscenza delle Scritture e il coinvolgimento nella redazione dei documenti, distinguono Suor Pascalina e costituiscono un valore importante per Pacelli. In seguito il Vaticano affida a quest'ultimo la Nunziatura Apostolica di Berlino. A causa della sua vicinanza al Nunzio, suor Pascalina, viene fatta oggetto di critiche e accusata di aver trasgredito alle regole ecclesiastiche. Richiamata in Convento è costretta a una forte espiazione in una cella di penitenza. In seguito il monsignore ottiene il reintegro della suora, la quale è molto provata.

In seguito Pacelli è eletto Papa con il nome di Pio XII. Monsignor Wilson cerca in tutti i modi di ostacolare suor Pascalina ma non ci riesce. Durante i mesi terribili dell'occupazione tedesca di Roma, Pio XII affida a suor Pascalina il compito di aprire conventi e chiese per sottrarre gli ebrei alla deportazione. Alla morte del Papa, nel 1958, Suor Pascalina lascia il Vaticano.

Produzione
È stata prodotta per la televisione pubblica tedesca ARD, in collaborazione con Betafilm e RAI.
La fiction è andata in onda nel nostro Paese in una versione ridotta rispetto all'originale tedesco. La versione italiana infatti è di poco più di 2 ore circa contro i 176 minuti (trasmessi in due parti) della versione originale tedesca, reperibile anche in commercio in DVD.
Lo sceneggiato è ispirato al libro biografico La signora del sacro palazzo scritto da Martha Schad.

Ascolti

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Film biografici sui religiosi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I remember the endearing photos and videos my family and friends posted on Facebook to share their family activities and major milestones. On Facebook, I could see them all in one place instead of in individual emails or texts. It's so convenient.
I enjoyed the crazy quizzes, and the charming memes of cute kitties, precious puppies, and adorable babies that made me smile or chuckle. My favorite is the meme of a ticked off cat hugging a sorrowful-looking dog. The cat says something like, "Tell me who called you a bad dog. I will punish them." I actually laughed out loud at that one.
There were many amusing videos too, like the one of the cockatoo rocking out to Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust." He never missed a beat! I still smile when I think about it.
Well, folks, that was before partisan politics got its meathook into social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter and turned them into anti-social media sites. They have become repositories for hatred, intolerance, profanity, insults, threats, and all around rudeness on a monumental scale, overwhelming everything good about Facebook. It's like scrolling through a minefield when I log in to see what my family and friends are up to.
Sometimes, against my better judgment, I respond to an outrageous post. I always regret it afterward. Having to defend myself against the insulting backlash just isn't worth posting a sensible response. Friendly persuasion doesn't change a closed mind that engages in unfriendly persuasion. What makes these intolerant individuals think they can persuade others to adopt their way of thinking by bullying and insulting them? It boggles the mind.
Recently, a friend who is a Trump supporter messaged me privately that she was awarded two tickets to the inauguration. She was excited about it but said she wouldn't post it on Facebook because she was afraid there would be a hateful backlash from her liberal friends. How sad and troubling is that?
Just the other day, a family member posted on Facebook that she wouldn't be using her Facebook account in the future because she couldn't take all the negativity on the site any longer. She informed us all that from then on she would be posting her family photos and videos on Instagram and invited her friends and family to join her there. It was a very tempting invitation. I thought it over and I decided I will join Instagram, but I will continue posting on my Facebook and Twitter author pages.
My personal Facebook page is another matter. I decided I will go through and do some housekeeping. I won't unfriend anyone–not yet anyway–but I'll unfollow a lot of people I friended and pages I liked because of the offensive content of their frequent politically-charged and negative posts. We'll still be Facebook friends, but I won't see any of their posts. I'll miss seeing their positive and friendly posts, but it's a tradeoff that is necessary and acceptable for the sake of my elevated blood pressure and my sanity.
Yep, we develop a visual medium that could bring Shakespeare or unfiltered news or wonderful movies into your home, and we get reality shows. We have an instrument for instant communication, and we use it to forward jokes or political diatribes. Why should Facebook, with all its possibilities, be any different?
Spot on, Paul. When presented with something new or revolutionary, the average human manages to find a way to bypass its potential for good or for progress and instead manages to find the most inane use for it.


text:
< heterodox: the blog
Political diversity in social psychology – Our response to 33 critiques
Jarret Crawford September 21, 2015
Our article on how greater political diversity will improve psychological science was published last week (Duarte et al., 2015, see summary here). The journal that published it (Behavioral and Brain Sciences) also solicits commentaries from other scholars on each "target article." In our case BBS obtained 33 commentaries from scholars across a number of academic fields, and then gave us the opportunity to write an essay in response. In this post, we summarize our response to those commentaries, and we list the 33 commentaries at the end, by title and author, with abstracts. The big surprise for us was that most of the commentaries were quite supportive — our colleagues largely agreed with our claims and concerns about the lack of political diversity, although they raised important points about the difficulties of changing the field.
Our target article: Crawford, J. T., Duarte, J., Haidt, J., Jussim, L., Stern, C., & Tetlock, P. E. (2015). It may be harder than we thought, but political diversity will (still) improve social psychological science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, 45-51. (ungated version)
[The text below is copied and pasted directly from our response article, except for occasional comments in brackets]
In our target article, we made four claims:
Social psychology is now politically homogeneous;
This homogeneity sometimes harms the science;
Increasing political diversity would reduce this damage; and
Some portion of the homogeneity is due to a hostile climate and outright discrimination against non-liberals.
In this response, we review these claims in light of the arguments made by a diverse group of commentators. We were surprised to find near-universal agreement with our first two claims, and we note that few challenged our fourth claim. Most of the disagreements came in response to our claim that increasing political diversity would be beneficial. We agree with our critics that increasing political diversity may be harder than we had thought, but we explain why we still believe that it is possible and desirable to do so. We conclude with a revised list of 11 recommendations for improving political diversity in social psychology, as well as in other areas of the academy.
Claim 1: Social Psychology is Now Politically Homogenous
Almost all commentators accepted our contention that social psychology largely lacks political diversity, even the commentators who strongly disagreed with other claims (e.g., Eagly). This consensus is striking. In a field that typically touts the importance of diversity, it is valuable to discover that most of us recognize the extraordinary lack of political diversity in social psychology.
Claim #2: The Lack of Political Diversity Sometimes Harms Our Science
We were pleasantly surprised by the complete agreement with this claim. Not one commentator contested our claim that the lack of political diversity can in principle distort the field's scientific conclusions. Even our harshest critics acknowledged that there was a potential problem. This claim was the centerpiece of our target article. An ideological monoculture is seen by all as a scientific problem, even by those who doubt that it is an ethical problem or that it is caused by discrimination. Taken together, the commentaries have significantly strengthened our conclusion that political homogeneity is a threat to the integrity of social psychology (and other social sciences; the problem is not unique to social psychology). Our target article and the many commentaries constitute the clearest documentation of specific domains in which political biases seem to be particularly problematic. Social psychology (like many other academic fields) has a motivated reasoning problem. This was our central point.
[Building on the issues we addressed in our target article, many commentators noted several other research areas or topics that may potentially suffer from ideological distortions, such as the power of the situation, personality and behavioral genetics, fundamental attribution error, and intelligence.]
Claim #3: Increasing Political Diversity Would Improve the Quality of Our Science
Given the near-universal acceptance of our claims that 1) social psychology is politically homogenous, and 2) this political homogeneity can harm our science, it is unsurprising that many commentators endorsed our third claim: increasing political diversity would improve the state of our science.
That said, our third claim elicited by far the most disagreement, which took five primary forms:
1) Conservatives are just not interested or capable of conducting social psychological science;
Our response: We acknowledged in our target article that self-selection likely explains at least a portion of the underrepresentation of non-liberals in the field. However, we note that this self-direction may be in part driven by research topics and areas that have a clear liberal viewpoint.
2) Calling for increased political diversity is premature and not data-driven;
Our response: Critics noted that more evidence may be needed of the negative impact of ideological homogeneity on psychological science before changes should be made. We noted that a) it is unlikely people would make the same argument when it comes to other forms of diversity, such as gender diversity; and b) noting that large-scale social interventions are often based on small-scale observations.
3) Increasing political diversity will cause unanticipated problems;
Our response: Some commentators worried about a splintered field, or a situation in which extreme conservatives simply "cancelled out" extreme liberals in the field. These are not our aims. Instead, we believe that the presence of non-liberals in social psychology will serve as a means for checks and balances against embedding of liberal values into research, which will ultimately improve the science.
4) Other forms of diversity are as (or more) important than political diversity;
Our response: We agree that many forms of diversity are important, but we repeat that the epistemic benefits of diversity come more from viewpoint diversity than from demographic diversity (Menz, 2012; Williams & O'Reilly, 1998). We have norms in our field that strongly encourage demographic diversity; yet, as we pointed out in our target article (and as Binning and Sears acknowledge), there are norms in our field that discourage political diversity, one of the most important forms of viewpoint diversity.
5) Political diversity is not necessary for protecting the field from political bias.
Our response: We agree that social psychologists may be capable of policing themselves and each other to avoid the biased blind spots and embedded assumptions we highlighted in our target article. Indeed, we noted many examples in our target article of ideologically balanced research that did not necessarily involve non-liberal social psychologists. Even if our target article does not end up leading to any increase in the political diversity of the field, an increased awareness of these issues (and scholars' attempts to mitigate them) should help improve the science. However, as long as the field is so politically homogenous, and as long as some of its members are incapable of preventing such biases, the field will have a tendency to produce findings that support left-wing values and narratives. Thus, we still think that increasing the number of non-liberals in social psychology will improve theory and research. But we also recognize that this is just one way to protect our science from political bias.
Claim #4: Some Portion of Political Homogeneity is Due to a Hostile Climate and Outright Discrimination against Non-Liberals
Our target article presented several sources of evidence that there is a hostile climate for non-liberals—particularly conservatives—and that direct discrimination against non-liberals happens at several points in the career pipeline and publication process. Although most commentators did not explicitly address this claim, the majority of those who did agreed with it (e.g., Ainsle; Inbar & Lammers; Nisbett).
(Only two commentators disputed this claim, attributing political homogeneity solely to self-selection. We reviewed clear evidence of hostile climate, however.) Overall, therefore, there is clear consensus among our diverse set of commentators that hostile environment and outright discrimination exist, and constitute significant obstacles to the creation of a more politically balanced field. We see this as an extraordinary step forward.
Final (Revised and Augmented) Recommendations
So, what do we recommend for researchers interested in engaging in good faith attempts to protect themselves and their field from political biases? We summarize our original recommendations and now add the most constructive ones based on the commentaries:
Acknowledge the problem and raise awareness about it.
Seek feedback from nonliberals.
Expand organizational diversity statements to include politics.
Add a statement to your own academic website acknowledging that you encourage collaboration among people of diverse political views.
Eliminate pejorative terms referring to nonliberals; criticize others' scholarship when they uses those terms. As an editor or reviewer, do not permit such terms to pass without comment.
Avoid "leakage" of political hostilities or presumptions (including jokes) when functioning in any teaching or research capacity, but especially around students and junior colleagues.
Encourage young scholars who are not liberals to pursue careers in social psychology.
Be alert to double standards. Use turnabout tests to reveal bias.
Support adversarial collaborations that encourage competing ideological camps to explore the boundary conditions on each other's claims, in joint data collection and model building efforts.
Assign in classes, especially for graduate students, the growing scholarship taking social psychology and related disciplines to task for having a scientificproblem stemming from political bias (Brandt, Reyna, Chambers, Crawford, & Wetherell, 2014; Crawford, 2012; Eagly, 1995; 2013; Inbar & Lammers, 2012; Jussim, 2012a; Jussim, 2012b; Jussim et al., in press-a; Jussim et al., in press-b; Redding, 2001; Tetlock, 1994). Teach eliminating such biases as a core component of methods, validity and scientific integrity.
Use Washburn et al.'s checklist in one's own work, especially in politicized areas.
Use Popperian falsification. If you are a liberal social psychologist, to guard against potential bias, seek to falsify rather than confirm your preferred prediction.
In his commentary, Funder suggests that the reactions to our target article will demonstrate just how difficult it will be to change the landscape of political diversity and to remove embedded values from the field. Although he made many excellent points in his commentary, this is one on which we have to disagree. The majority of the commentaries reflect agreement with arguments for increased political diversity that we laid out in our target article. Where there was disagreement, most of it was constructive. We do not believe increasing political diversity in social psychology will be easy; however, we are encouraged by this set of commentaries.
We also hope that these issues will be discussed in other social sciences, and in humanities departments as well. We are optimistic that academics in many disciplines will share our appreciation of the power of viewpoint diversity to improve the quality of thought. We hope that our arguments and solutions will be considered by those who practice not just social psychology, but the social sciences and humanities broadly, and who train future generations of scholars and citizens for life in a vibrant democracy.
[Here are the titles, authors, and abstracts of the 33 commentaries on our target article, mostly from other social and political psychologists, but also from scholars in other fields. You can read the full commentaries on the BBS website (down at the bottom of that page). There is also an ungated version of them from a pre-print, before typesetting, available here.]
A cohesive moral community is already patrolling behavioral science
George Ainslie
Authors of non-liberal proposals experience more collegial objections than others do. These objections are often couched as criticism of determinism, reductionism, or methodological individualism, but from a scientific viewpoint such criticism could be easily answered.
Underneath it is a wish to harness scientific belief in service of positive social values, at the cost of reducing objectivity.
Recognizing and coping with our own prejudices: Fighting liberal bias without conservative input
Roy F. Baumeister
This commentary summarizes my struggle to overcome liberal bias without conservative input. I generally assume I am biased and constantly try to build a good-quality argument for the opposite view. Trying to dispense with one's liberal values can help, if one is willing. Frequent self-tests help. Liberal biases include race, gender, and poverty, but also dislike of business corporations and even Western civilization. Feminism is the single strongest and most powerful bias.
Method and matter in the social sciences: Umbilically tied to the Enlightenment
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
This commentary deals with the nonconformity of academics and the ethos of social science. Academics in all fields deviate from majority norms in politics and religion, and this deviance may be essential to the academic mind and to academic norms. The Enlightenment legacy inspires both methods and subject matter in academic work, and severing ties with it may be impossible.
Is liberal bias universal? An international perspective on social psychologists
Michal Bilewicz, Aleksandra Cichocka, Paulina Górska and Zsolt Péter Szabó
Based on our comparison of political orientation and research interests of social psychologists in capitalist Western countries versus post-Communist Eastern European countries, we suggest that Duarte and colleagues' claim of liberal bias in the field seems American-centric. We propose an alternative account of political biases which focuses on the academic tendency to explain attitudes of lower status groups.
On the history of political diversity in social psychology
Kevin R. Binning and David O. Sears
We argue that the history of political diversity in social psychology may be better characterized by stability than by a large shift toward liberalism. The branch of social psychology that focuses on political issues has defined social problems from a liberal perspective since at least the 1930s. Although a lack of ideological diversity within the discipline can pose many of the problems noted by Duarte et al., we suggest that these problems (a) are less apparent when the insights of social psychology are pitted against the insights from other social science disciplines, and (b) are less pressing than the need for other types of diversity in the field, especially ethnic and racial diversity.
QTIPs: Questionable theoretical and interpretive practices in social psychology
Mark J. Brandt and Travis Proulx
One possible consequence of ideological homogeneity is the misinterpretation of data collected with otherwise solid methods. To help identify these issues outside of politically relevant research, we name and give broad descriptions to three questionable interpretive practices described by Duarte et al. and introduce three additional questionable theoretical practices that also reduce the theoretical power and paradigmatic scope of psychology.
The psychology of psychology: A thought experiment
Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams
In the target article, Duarte et al. allege that the lack of political diversity reduces research efficacy. We pose a thought experiment that could provide an empirical test by examining whether institutional review board (IRB) members, granting agencies, and journal reviewers filter scientific products based on political values, invoking scientific criteria (rigor, etc.) as their justification. When these same products are cast in terms highlighting opposite values, do these people shift their decisions?
Political homogeneity can nurture threats to research validity
John R. Chambers and Barry R. Schlenker
Political homogeneity within a scientific field nurtures threats to the validity of many research conclusions by allowing ideologically compatible values to influence interpretations, by minimizing skepticism, and by creating premature consensus. Although validity threats can crop in any research, the usual corrective activities in science are more likely to be minimized and delayed.
Liberal bias and the five-factor model
Evan Charney
Duarte et al. draw attention to the "embedding of liberal values and methods" in social psychological research. They note how these biases are often invisible to the researchers themselves. The authors themselves fall prey to these "invisible biases" by utilizing the five-factor model of personality and the trait of openness to experience as one possible explanation for the under-representation of political conservatives in social psychology. I show that the manner in which the trait of openness to experience is conceptualized and measured is a particularly blatant example of the very liberal bias the authors decry.
Political bias is tenacious
Peter H. Ditto, Sean P. Wojcik, Eric Evan Chen, Rebecca Hofstein Grady and Megan M. Ringel
Duarte et al. are right to worry about political bias in social psychology but they underestimate the ease of correcting it. Both liberals and conservatives show partisan bias that often worsens with cognitive sophistication. More non-liberals in social psychology is unlikely to speed our convergence upon the truth, although it may broaden the questions we ask and the data we collect.
Mischaracterizing social psychology to support the laudable goal of increasing its political diversity
Alice H. Eagly
Duarte et al.'s arguments for increasing political diversity in social psychology are based on mischaracterizations of social psychology as fundamentally flawed in understanding stereotype accuracy and the effects of attitudes on information processing. I correct their misunderstandings while agreeing with their view that political diversity, along with other forms of diversity, stands to benefit social psychology.
Wait, You're a conservative? Political diversity and the dilemma of disclosure
Jim A. C. Everett
Many of the proposed recommendations for remedying the harmful effects of political homogeneity for psychology depend upon conservatives disclosing their political identity. Yet how likely is this, when disclosure is so harmful to the individual? Considering this issue as a social dilemma clarifies the pernicious nature of the problem, as well as suggesting how the dilemma can be resolved.
Towards a de-biased social psychology: The effects of ideological perspective go beyond politics
David C. Funder
Reasonable conservatives are in short supply and will not arrive to save social psychology any time soon. The field needs to save itself through de-biasing. The effects of a liberal worldview permeate and distort discussion of many topics that are not overtly political, including behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology, the fundamental attribution error, and the remarkably persistent consistency controversy.
Political attitudes in social environments
Andrew Gelman and Neil Gross
We agree with Duarte et al. that it is worthwhile to study professions' political alignments. But we have seen no evidence to support the idea that social science fields with more politically diverse workforces generally produce better research. We also think that when considering ideological balance, it is useful to place social psychology within a larger context of the prevailing ideologies of other influential groups within society, such as military officers, journalists, and business executives.
Liberals and conservatives: Non-convertible currencies
John R. Hibbing, Kevin B. Smith and John R. Alford
Duarte et al. are correct that the social science enterprise would improve on several fronts if the number of politically conservative researchers were to increase; however, because they misunderstand the degree to which liberals and conservatives are dispositionally different, they fail to appreciate the full range of reasons that conservatives are reluctant to enter the modern social sciences.
A predominance of self-identified Democrats is no evidence of a leftward bias
Benjamin E. Hilbig and Morten Moshagen
The reasoning of Duarte et al. hinges on the basic premise that a positive ratio of Democrats versus Republicans implies a political bias. However, when placed in a global and historical context, it is evident that U.S. Democrats currently represent a moderate position on the political left–right spectrum. Thus, Duarte et al. provide no evidence of a leftward bias in the scientific community.
Increasing ideological tolerance in social psychology
Yoel Inbar and Joris Lammers
We argue that recognizing current ideological diversity in social psychology and promoting tolerance of minority views is just as important as increasing the number of non-liberal researchers. Increasing tolerance will allow individuals in the minority to express dissenting views, which will improve psychological science by reducing bias. We present four recommendations for increasing tolerance.
Political diversity versus stimuli diversity: Alternative ways to improve social psychological science
Thomas Kessler, Jutta Proch, Stefanie Hechler and Larissa A. Nägler
Instead of enhancing diversity in research groups, we suggest that in order to reduce biases in social psychological research a more basic formulation and systematic testing of theories is required. Following the important but often neglected ecological research approach would lead to systematic variation of stimuli and sometimes representative sampling of stimuli for specific environments.
Lack of political diversity and the framing of findings in personality and clinical psychology
Scott O. Lilienfeld
I extend the arguments of Duarte et al. by examining the implications of political uniformity for the framing of findings in personality and clinical psychology. I argue that the one-sided framing of psychological research on political ideology has limited our understanding of the personality correlates of liberalism and conservatism.
A conservative's social psychology
Clark McCauley
I suggest that social psychologists should stick to studying positive and negative attitudes and give up stigmatizing some attitudes as "prejudice." I recommend that we avoid assuming that race and ethnicity have no biological foundations, in order to avoid a collision course with modern biology. And I wonder how much difference the target article recommendations can make in the context of hiring a social psychologist for an academic position.
Diverse crowds using diverse methods improves the scientific dialectic
Matt Motyl and Ravi Iyer
In science, diversity is vital to the development of new knowledge. We agree with Duarte et al. that we need more political diversity in social psychology, but contend that we need more religious diversity and methodological diversity as well. If some diversity is good, more is better (especially in science).
Welcoming conservatives to the field
Richard Nisbett
More conservatives would provide advantages, and social psychologists may not be as opposed to increasing the number of conservatives as Duarte et al. think. Recruitment problems concern primarily self-selection and biases in undergraduate instruction. Social psychologists should welcome having conservatives in the field to serve as a conduit for our theories and methods to conservative intellectuals and policy makers.
Political orientations do not cancel out, and politics is not about truth
Hans-Rüdiger Pfistera and Gisela Böhma
Duarte et al. propose that divergent political biases cancel each other out such that increasing political diversity will improve scientific validity. We argue that this idea is misguided. Their recommendations for improving political diversity in academia bear the danger of imposing political interests on science. Scientific scrutiny and criticism are the only viable remedies for bad science.
Political bias, explanatory depth, and narratives of progress
Political bias has indeed been a distorter of psychology, not just in particular research areas but in an aversion to the explanatory depth available from politically fraught fields like evolution. I add two friendly amendments to the target article: (1) The leftist moral narrative may be based on zero-sum competition among identity groups rather than continuous progress; and (2) ideological bias should be dealt with not just via diversity of ideological factions but by minimizing the influence of ideology altogether.
Sociopolitical insularity is psychology's Achilles heel
Richard E. Redding
Academic psychology has become increasingly non-diverse politically, which skews and impedes social psychological science (as Duarte et al. argue). We should embrace viewpoint diversity, especially since the arguments favoring sociopolitical diversity are identical to those for demographic and cultural diversity. Doing so will produce a more robust, open, and creative psychological science that is informed and tested by a multiplicity of sociopolitical paradigms.
What kinds of conservatives does social psychology lack, and why?
Although Duarte et al.'s claims about the potential benefits of greater political diversity in the ranks of social psychology are apt, their discussion of the decline in such diversity, the role played by selfselection, and the specific domains they cite in discussing an anticonservative bias raise issues that merit closer examination. The claim that sound research and analysis challenging liberal orthodoxies fails to receive a fair hearing in our journals and professional discourse is also disputed.
Conservatism is not the missing viewpoint for true diversity
Beate Seibt, Sven Waldzus, Thomas W. Schubert and Rodrigo Brito
The target article diagnoses a dominance of liberal viewpoints with little evidence, promotes a conservative viewpoint without defining it, and wrongly projects the U.S. liberal-conservative spectrum to the whole field of social psychology. Instead, we propose to anticipate and reduce mixing of theorizing and ideology by using definitions that acknowledge divergence in perspective, and promote representative sampling and observation of the field, as well as dialogical publication.
Should social psychologists create a disciplinary affirmative action program for political conservatives?
Richard A. Shweder
Freely staying on the move between alternative points of view is the best antidote to dogmatism. Robert Merton's ideals for an epistemic community are sufficient to correct pseudo-empirical studies designed to confirm beliefs that liberals (or conservatives) think deserve to be true. Institutionalizing the self-proclaimed political identities of social psychologists may make things worse.
When theory trumps ideology: Lessons from evolutionary psychology
Joshua M. Tybur and Carlos David Navarrete
Evolutionary psychologists are personally liberal, just as social psychologists are. Yet their research has rarely been perceived as liberally biased – if anything, it has been erroneously perceived as motivated by conservative political agendas. Taking a closer look at evolutionary psychologists might offer the broader social psychology community guidance in neutralizing some of the biases Duarte et al. discuss.
Diversity of depoliticization?
Bas van der Vossen
An ideologically homogeneous discipline of political psychology is a serious problem. But undoing the field's homogeneity may not suffice to address this problem. Instead, we should consider undoing the politicization.
A checklist to facilitate objective hypothesis testing in social psychology research
Anthony N. Washburn, G. Scott Morgan and Linda J. Skitka
Social psychology is not a very politically diverse area of inquiry, something that could negatively affect the objectivity of social psychological theory and research, as Duarte et al. argue in the target article. This commentary offers a number of checks to help researchers uncover possible biases and identify when they are engaging in hypothesis confirmation and advocacy instead of hypothesis testing.
Too paranoid to see progress: Social psychology is probably liberal, but it doesn't believe in progress
Bo Winegard, Benjamin Winegard and David C. Geary
We agree with Duarte et al. that bias in social psychology is a serious problem that researchers should confront. However, we are skeptical that most social psychologists adhere to a liberal progress narrative. We suggest, instead, that most social psychologists are paranoid egalitarian meliorists (PEMs). We explain the term and suggest possible remedies to bias in social psychology.
Meta-ethical pluralism: A cautionary tale about cohesive moral communities
Jennifer Cole Wright
Meta-ethical pluralism gives us additional insight into how moral communities become cohesive and why this can be problematic (even dangerous) – and in this way provides support for the worries raised by the target article. At the same time, it offers several reasons to be concerned about the proposed initiative, the most important of which is that it could seriously backfire.
Viewpoint DiversityPolitical Diversity
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text:
Szűcs Judith 10. nagylemeze és egyben utolsó, amit az állami hanglemezgyártónál jelent meg. A Rumeláj albumot 1989-ben egy kislemez előzte meg, amelyen a Rumeláj mellett az albumon nem is hallható Belelóg a kalapom az arcomba(n) című számok találhatók. A koncepció a lemez készítésekor az volt, hogy ethno-pop stílus jegyében roma hangzást vittek a korszerű popzenei ötletek megvalósításához.

Az album dalai

 Rumeláj (Rumelaj) (hagyományos, feld.: Szűcs Antal Gábor-Mihály Tamás-Fülöp Csaba)
 Volt egyszer egy szerelem (Mihály Tamás-Fülöp Csaba)
 Ne szégyelld (Voga János)
 Még sohasem (hagyományos, feld.: Szűcs Antal Gábor-Fülöp Csaba)
 Áj csu-csu (Garam Péter)
 Táncolj csak (Szűcs Antal Gábor-Mihály Tamás-Fülöp Csaba-Choli Daróczi József)
 Nem volt már rég (Voga János)
 A szerelem tengerén (Mihály Tamás-Fülöp Csaba)
 I Love Budapest (Garam Péter-Fülöp Csaba)
 Dyelem, Dyelem (hagyományos, feld.: Mihály Tamás-Fülöp Csaba)

Közreműködők

 Szűcs Judith - ének, vokál
 Mihály Tamás - szintetizátorok, dobprogram, vokál
 Szűcs Antal Gábor - gitárok, szintetizátorok, vokál
 Garam Péter - szintetizátorok, dobprogram
 Voga János - szintetizátorok, dobprogram, gitár, vokál
 Fágyol Tivadar - hegedű (7)
 Fülöp Tímea - ének (9)
 Szilágyi Gábor - vokál

Hivatkozások

1990 nagylemezei
Szűcs Judith-albumok


"Library Lines: Award honors outstanding volunteers" was published on Thursday, December 20, 2018 in This Week Worthington News, page A12. Hillary Kline is the Author.
It covers the topics volunteers and awards. It features the people Eleora Adams, Neera Gupta, Jeff Regensburger, Josh Nickler and Tin Cheung. It features the organization Worthington Libraries.


When I'm editing manuscripts — my own and others — I'm often fixing the same things. All writers have little mistakes they always make, and many of us stumble over the same ones.
Now, when I say "editing," I don't mean "revising." When you're revising, you're fixing character and plot issues. When you're editing, you're concentrating on the text on a word by word, sentence by sentence basis. It's proofreading with a little extra.
Editing our own work can be particularly difficult. Our brains often skip over problems when we're reading; we know what we were trying to write and our brains read what they know the words should be. This is one of the biggest reasons to hire a copy editor to make sure your manuscript is really shined up properly before you go out on submission and/or self-publish.
But, say an agent just requested your first 10 pages, or you just heard about a conference critique or contest that would be perfect for you and you need to get your submission out quickly. No worries!
Identify what your main problem areas are, then go through your pages once for each issue. With each read-through, choose one common mistake and scour your pages for places that you've made that error. When applicable, you also can use the Find/Replace feature in Word.
Tension: Every scene needs tension. If it doesn't have tension, a scene will be flat and a reader will have a hard time continuing. Having tension, doesn't mean every novel has to be a drama. Jeff Kinney's Wimpy Kid books are hilarious and are filled with tension. Tension comes from conflict, from the character not being able to get what he or she wants in that scene, the see-saw battle of trying to achieve and falling short, getting somewhere, but falling again.
Tension keeps readers reading. They want to know what's going to happen next, whether the character will get what they've been aiming for.
When you're reading your manuscript as an editor, mark pages with tension or conflict with a T. When you're done, revisit any page that doesn't have a T and see how you can ramp up the stakes. It may be as simple as adding in a faulty stove in a scene where the character is cooking an omelet. Whatever it is, make sure there's tension in every scene.
Dialog attributions: Generally, the best attribution to use with dialog is the good old "said." It's boring, you say? Yes, but that's the point. Too many Bob exclaimed, Sally squawked, Mike cried slows the text. Readers want to get to the action as quickly as possible, and if you just use said, readers' brains can skip over them quickly and get to the good stuff. That being said (no pun intended), attributions are necessary.
If you have three or more people in a scene, you need to make sure every piece of dialog is attributed to someone so as to not confuse the reader. If you only have two people in the scene, still throw in an attribution every few lines to keep the reader on track and to break up the dialog. Billy Bob said or said Billy Bob is fine, either at the end of the dialog or in the middle if he says a few sentences.
But said isn't the only way to tell a reader who's speaking. Rotate the saids with action, for example.
Etc. So, go through your manuscript looking at the dialog. Make sure it's easy for readers to tell who is speaking, that said is the tag of choice, but when appropriate, you're showing who's speaking with action.
Unnecessarily long sentences: Sentence structure in novels is a place where writers can turn their back on the old grammar rules they learned in school — as long as they do it for a reason. At the beginning of his Looking for Alaska, John Green has a sentence that's the size of a rather stuffed paragraph, but its length makes a statement about the character's state of mind.
Read through your manuscript picking out sentences that are long. For each, ask: Is it grammatically correct? Does its length reflect the pacing of the scene or something to do with the character? Can the sentence be cut into two or three sentences and achieve the same result? Make fixes as appropriate.
Repeated words: With descriptions, we always have our go to words, and editing is the perfect chance to vary them.
Read your work concentrating on every word. Don't read sentences; just read the text as though it's a long list of words. Reading aloud is a great way to do this.
If you pick up that "walk," for example, has been used a couple times in the same sentence or paragraph, change one to "stroll" or something better. As frustrating as it must be to foreigners, the English language gives us plenty of words with similar meanings. Take advantage of them in your writing to make sure you're not repeating the same descriptive words too often.
In part 2, we'll look at words that are easily confused and proper manuscript formating for submissions.
Have you found these problems in your manuscripts? Any others you're in the habit of doing?
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Nice job Samantha. Thanks for sharing.


text:
Friday, January 21, 2022 09:00am - 01:00pm
Thursday, January 27, 2022 09:30am - 02:00pm
Womans's Club :: The Lake House at Avondale
Thursday, January 27, 2022 06:30pm - 11:59pm
Thursday, February 03, 2022 10:00am - 02:00pm
Sunday, February 06, 2022 11:00am - 06:00pm
Friday, February 18, 2022 09:00am - 01:00pm
Saturday, February 19, 2022 05:00am - 11:59pm
Club Dinner :: The Lake House at Avondale
Thursday, February 24, 2022 06:30pm - 11:59pm
Saturday, February 26, 2022 12:30pm - 04:30pm
Thursday, March 03, 2022 10:00am - 02:00pm
Saturday, March 05, 2022 02:00pm - 11:00pm
Baby Dedication :: The Lake House at Avondale
Friday, March 18, 2022 09:00am - 01:00pm
Saturday, March 19, 2022 10:00am - 11:59pm
Thursday, March 24, 2022 06:30pm - 11:59pm
Druid Hills Fundraiser :: The Lake House at Avondale
Sunday, April 03, 2022 10:00am - 11:59pm
Friday, April 08, 2022 03:00pm - 11:59pm
Rehearsal Dinner :: The Lake House at Avondale
Decatur High School Reunion :: The Lake House at Avondale
DHHS Prom :: The Lake House at Avondale
ACC Dinner - Derby Party :: The Lake House at Avondale
Reuinio :: The Lake House at Avondale
Dinner Party :: The Lake House at Avondale
AHS Reunion :: The Lake House at Avondale
Family Reunion :: The Lake House at Avondale
Monday, July 04, 2022 03:00pm - 10:00pm
Thursday, July 21, 2022 10:00am - 11:59pm
Friday, September 09, 2022 10:00am - 11:59pm
Friday, October 21, 2022 10:00am - 11:59pm
Friday, November 11, 2022 - Saturday, November 12, 2022 09:00am - 04:00pm
Bazaar :: The Lake House at Avondale
Thursday, December 01, 2022 06:00pm - 11:59pm
Avon Garden Club - Dinner :: The Lake House at Avondale
Lake Tree Lighting :: The Lake House at Avondale
Sunday, December 04, 2022 02:00pm - 07:00pm
Holiday Party :: The Lake House at Avondale
Saturday, December 17, 2022 03:00am - 11:59pm


JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE Drops Surprise Song "SoulMate"! - MYX | YOUR CHOICE. YOUR MUSIC.
JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE Drops Surprise Song "SoulMate"!
Justin Timberlake dropped a new song called "SoulMate" and it's the perfect beach bop! "SoulMate" is produced by dvsn's Nineteen85, who produced Drake's "Hotline Bling. The song also is credited to writers Timberlake and Nineteen85, along with Lechas Young, James Fauntleroy (J. Cole, Big Sean), Jagged Edge's Brian and Brandon Casey and Gary Smith.
Last Monday, Timberlake posted a photo on Instagram showing that he's in a studio along with Nineteen and Fauntleroy see in the background with the caption "Last week's Bahamas Sessions."
Besides music, the Man Of The Woods artist has also worked with Nike on the Air Jordan 3 "Bio Beige" which will be released this Augsust!


Loft conversions can be costly, but having one done on your property can truly add value to it, so don't be dissuaded by the initial costs i.e. a 4msq loft will cost around £19,200, and the planning permission and additional costs will go on top of that.
Still, if you plan out your loft conversion right, the cost will be relatively low and will be worth it in the long run in terms of the value it will add to your property. This article goes through some helpful tips to take note of if you're thinking of having such a thing done.
Even if you're considering doing the loft conversion yourself, it's always advisable to get a free consultation to give you a rough idea of how much it's going to cost you, and how long the conversion will take.
You can browse through the Top Tradespeople Directory to find someone to give you a free consultation. During the consultation, make sure you ask all the right questions – how much they think it will cost and how long the project will take, for example.
The first thing you need to do is find out what you can and can't build. Consult the local building authorities to check on the legality of what you intend on doing and to find out which building permits you're going to need for the project.
If the loft is definitely going to involve someone sleeping in it, chances are that you will definitely need a permit.
Next, you must determine if you have adequate space. Measuring the space will help you decide how large the conversion will be. What you need to look out for is overhead space, so that the room won't be too cramped.
If you're doing it yourself without any professional help, you might want to consider reading up about other loft conversions to spark some ideas about yours.
The last thing you want is for the person who is going to make the loft their room to have to climb down a ladder to get to the bathroom. This will be very inconvenient, and more than a little bit hazardous; the irritation of it will also just worsen over time.
You should at the very least sketch out space for a sink and a commode in the loft if there's no room for a bathroom.
The loft shouldn't be shrouded in darkness. You're going to want as much natural light to flood the room as possible, so it's best to think about installing a skylight of some kind.


"There," I said, passing John the final sheet of paper I'd been writing on.
He took it from me and, with a practiced hand, sifted the finely ground powder over its surface that would absorb any excess ink. He allowed it to dry for several minutes, blotted it for good measure, and added it to the sheaf of other papers I had filled.
They contained all of my recollections from this afternoon, going into great detail about the physical appearance of the man who had handed me the letter as well as every social interaction from the gathering.
My fingers cramped slightly from holding the quill for so long, and I stretched them out as I stood from John's desk and went to stand by the window. The weather had turned while I had been writing. Dark, billowing clouds roiled in from the west and crouched low over the city in idle threat. A soft, fine mist coated the glass panes in front of me. I reached out a hand to feel the cold coming off of them. In the distance, thunder growled, low and menacing.
"A storm's blowing in," Henry said from behind me.
"Both a literal and figurative one," I replied, gesturing out at the scene beyond the window.
He stepped close then, chest pressing against my back. I leaned into him, relishing in the warmth of his body, savoring the dichotomy of the heat suffusing my back and the chill bracing my front. In response, he wrapped one arm around my waist and the other across my shoulders, using them to pull me closer.
"I'm not touching any bruises, am I?" he asked.
"Slide your left arm a bit lower," I told him.
He did as I bade.
"I'm so sorry he hurt you," he said.
"I know," I answered, leaning more of my weight against him.
For a young woman to be dismissed without recommendation from her previous employer wasn't a death sentence, but it was damn near close to one. It would leave her adrift in a city that was only more than happy to drag women like her into its depths. Work houses, prostitution, they could very likely be the only options for someone in such a circumstance. I would have to make amends to Harriet in some way. Apologize, for starters. Promise I would never leave her to such a fate and insist that I'll never threaten her in such a way again.
"I'll set it to rights," I told Henry, knowing how he'd worry.
"I never thought you wouldn't," he rumbled, as much faith in me as he had in John. I hoped it wasn't misplaced on either if us. "You were glorious, earlier," he added, softly.
"When earlier, specifically?" I asked.
I nodded in response. I suppose it was. Why else had he tried to bully me into being his silent ally?
"Just like that," he answered me, his voice sure, steady, as though it was a simple decision for him.
"You have nothing to apologize for," he answered.
"You were glorious earlier, too," I told him.
"No?" he asked, still sounding unsure.
Henry sucked in a breath in response, then leaned down to brush his lips over the shell of my ear. "Is that why you were so wet?" he whispered.
His index and middle finger joined the thumb stroking back and forth along my collarbone. "If I close my eyes, I can still feel you clenching down on me as you came," he said, and belatedly, I realized the fingers he touched me with were the same ones that had been inside me.
I closed my own eyes and leaned my head back into his shoulder, reliving the pleasure he had pushed me to. "I don't think I've ever come so hard in my life," I told him.
In response, his breathing became as shaky as my own.
"I can understand that," I said.
Henry's chest shook as he chuckled silently.
Henry's humor fled. "I know," he responded with a heavy exhale.
His expression was writ with guilt and apology, but before he could answer, John joined us.
"Is that what you tell yourself when you lie to Henry?" I asked, annoyed and more than a little hurt. The machinations of my husband seemed unending at this point.
"Yes," John answered without artifice.
"This has to stop," Henry said.
"I see that now," John replied.
He turned his body toward us, resting a shoulder against the window frame as he crossed his arms in front of his chest. Instead of looking at us, he turned his gaze out the window, brow drawn down in concentration. In profile, he looked like a king surveying his empire.
Henry sucked in a harsh breath.
John continued, recounting nearly the same tale that McNaught had the night before.
"Why didn't you tell me?" Henry demanded when he was done.
"Who is Haydar?" I asked.
John's expression had been slightly curious. It flattened into something unreadable now. "Really," he said, more a statement than a question.
Above me, Henry made a small sound of disapproval. As though her were the incarnation of an angel sitting on my shoulder, goading me into better behavior.
I frowned at him, wondering if I should be worried about this, or if herein was the verbal equivalent of the lack of humanity I had witnessed from him in our carriage yesterday.
"I would point out that statement is slightly at odds with how much effort you put into improving the lives of commoners," I finally managed.
Because it's out of his control, I realized, beginning to understand him a little more.
"So we work with James," Henry said.
"We work with James," John replied.
Henry began to rub his thumb over my collarbone again, as if to distract himself. "What a mess," he rumbled before placing his chin on the top of my head.
"I don't plan to," I told him.
"Have you thought any more about why you're receiving these threats all of a sudden?" Henry asked.
"Rule, Britannia," John said, tone laced with sarcasm.
"Plots within plots," Henry added.
"I'm sorry for lying to you," John said.
I cracked my eyes open to see him staring up at his lover.
A sound of derision slipped through my lips. "Just like that," I said.
"Just like that," Henry answered. "I love him, Kit. I believe he did it for his own oddly moral reasons. And I believe he won't do it again. Right, John?" he asked, voice as dark as the storm clouds that loomed outside.
"Right," John said, expression once more frustratingly blank.
While I distrusted the look, Henry seemed to accept it, because he loosened the arm from around my shoulders and reached out to grip one of John's, briefly, before letting go.
In response, John's face crumpled in what looked like a rare show of relief. I felt a momentary, unwanted pang of sympathy for him. He hid his emotions so well, but at times like this I was reminded that it didn't mean he didn't feel them. They must be especially intense since he let so few people in. How terrified he must be for his lover. Maybe even a little bit for me.
"You two need time to yourselves," I said, pulling free from Henry.
John caught my wrist as I made to leave, loosening his grip immediately when I winced. "We should talk about what happened after James left. And there's still more I need to tell you both," he said, glancing from me to Henry.
"Is it critical?" I asked.
John nodded and released me, and I left them to their reconciliation.


text:
Okotoks Dawgs: Academy Wins Two More Championships
The Dawgs Pee Wee team returned to Okotoks after a very successful weekend at the St. Albert Early Bird Tournament
The Dawgs won the tournament, defeating the host St. Albert by a final score of 5-2. In the semi-final game vs. Martensville, Matt Neufeld pitched 4 strong innings in a back and forth battle which the Dawgs won in walk off fashion in the bottom of the 7th inning when Neufeld scored on a passed ball to win 6-5.
The Dawgs fell behind 2-0 early in the championship game, but in the bottom of the second inning, Andrew Franson stepped up with a clutch 2 out single to score 2 runs to tie the game. With some aggressive baserunning and great situational hitting the Dawgs were able to score 3 more runs to win the game 5-2. Jake Rabe started the game on the mound and was excellent throwing 6 2/3 innings, only allowing 2 runs before Franson came on to record the final out. The Pee Wee team finished the weekend 4-0 with wins against Red Deer 12-2, Camrose 18-7, Martensville 6-5, and St. Albert 5-2.
The Dawgs Bantam Black team also came away with a tournament win in Richmond, BC defeating Spruce Grove in the Championship game 8-2.
Down 3-2 in the quarterfinal to North Delta with a runner on third base, Jake Libbus hit a game tying triple, followed by a Jack Marlin double to take the lead. The Dawgs would go on to score one more run on a Jack Marlin steal of home and hold on for a 5-3 win.
Standout players for the tournament included Melvin Lorenzo and Quinn Tocheniuk who were named Co-Pitchers of the Tournament, as well as tournament MVP, Tucker Zdunich. Lorenzo was 2-0, 7 innings pitched, 1 earned run, 9 strikeouts and 0 walks. Tocheniuk was 2-0, 7 innings pitched, 1 earned run, 4 strikeouts, 1 walk. Zdunich hit .727 with 3 doubles, 1 triple, 5 stolen bases, and 8 runs scored.
The Bantam Black team finished the weekend 4-1 with wins against Vancouver 5-2, North Delta 5-3, Cloverdale 5-4, and Spruce Grove 8-2 with their one loss coming to Victoria in pool play.
The Midget Red team were finalists in the tournament that took place this past weekend in Saskatoon losing in the finals to Swift Current on a walk off hit. Tournament highlight for the Red team was defeating the Midget Black team (Winner of their past two tournaments – Bishop Gorman in Vegas, and Perfect Game) in the quarterfinals.
Good News, Southern Alberta, Sports