text:
Title:Beta-Caryophyllene, a CB2R Selective Agonist, Protects Against Cognitive Impairment Caused by Neuro-inflammation and Not in Dementia Due to Ageing Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Author(s): Urja Kanojia, Shrikant Gyaneshwar Chaturbhuj, Runali Sankhe, Maushami Das, Raviteja Surubhotla, Nandakumar Krishnadas, Karthik Gourishetti, Pawan Ganesh Nayak and Anoop Kishore*
Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka,India
Keywords: β-caryophyllene, cognitive impairment, D-galactose, doxorubicin, chemobrain, aluminium chloride, cannabinoid 2 receptor.
Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder majorly evidenced by cognitive impairment. Although there are many types of dementia, the common underlying etiological factors in all the types are neuro-inflammation or aging induced apoptosis. β-caryophyllene, a cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist, has been reported to have promising neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia and neuro-inflammation.
Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the effects of β-caryophyllene against animal models of dementia whose etiology mimicked neuro-inflammation and aging.
Methods: Two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) of β-caryophyllene given orally were tested against AlCl3-induced dementia in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the Morris water maze test. Subsequently, the effect of the drug was assessed for episodic memory in female SD rats using novel object recognition task in doxorubicin-induced neuro-inflammation and chemobrain model. Moreover, its effects were evaluated in D-galactose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction leading to dementia.
Results: β-caryophyllene, at both doses, showed significant improvement in memory when assessed using parameters like target quadrant entries, escape latency and path efficiency in the Morris water maze test for spatial memory. In the doxorubicin-induced chemobrain model, β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg significantly elevated acetylcholinesterase and catalase levels and lowered lipid peroxidation compared to the disease control. In the novel object recognition task, β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg significantly improved recognition index and discrimination index in the treated animals compared to the disease control, with a significant increase in catalase and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in both hippocampus and frontal cortex. However, in the D-galactose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction model, β-caryophyllene failed to show positive effects when spatial memory was assessed. It also failed to improve D-galactose-induced diminished mitochondrial complex I and II activities.
Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg protects against dementia induced by neuro-inflammation with no effect on neuronal aging induced by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Kanojia Urja , Chaturbhuj Gyaneshwar Shrikant , Sankhe Runali, Das Maushami, Surubhotla Raviteja , Krishnadas Nandakumar , Gourishetti Karthik , Nayak Ganesh Pawan and Kishore Anoop*, Beta-Caryophyllene, a CB2R Selective Agonist, Protects Against Cognitive Impairment Caused by Neuro-inflammation and Not in Dementia Due to Ageing Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2021; 20(10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527320666210202121103
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued)
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued)
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Alzheimer Research
Current Aging Science
Current Neurovascular Research
Advances in Alzheimer's Research
Recent Advances in Geriatric Medicine
Pain: Causes, Concerns and Consequences
Chemical-Induced Seizures: Mechanisms, Consequences and Treatment
Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides Involved in Schizoaffective Disorder
Contemporary Sleep Medicine For Patients
Contemporary Sleep Medicine For Physicians
Experimental Stroke


This piece will focus on the liminal spaces; the place where one thing is given time to transform to another; the entr'acte. Society is preoccupied by resolutions, destinations, and realities and what tends to be forgotten is the place between these states. The piece will question the audience on the importance of the in between as opposed to the destination.
Largely people understand the process of decay as a negative, degenerative process. But this is one perspective, human's perspective. The state of decay is misunderstood as unclean, it cannot be so clearly categorised and is therefore difficult to understand. Decay, rather, is a transformation that results In a reformulation of old elements. Our perception of the world is created through a process of decay; In order to perceive the world we live we must categorise, name and order in a way we are able to understand. This process in itself is a form of decay. As does a rotten apple bring life to a larvy so to our minds allow us to develop an understand of who we are and what is around us.
Human beings are in a constant state of decay we do acknowledge this yet we fight against it as an enemy. The changing of one's mind is a form of decay.
It will investigate the relationship with the noumenal reality where our perception rules.
Spciety is clearly shouting for a recognition and respect for this liminality. The ever increasing punters at festivals represent a need for liminality, a need to escape their social role.
Why are we so scared of liminalty of the unclear gap between? How can we form a trust with the unstable state of transformation?
Let's address this gap where the invisible elephant is hiding in the room.


text:
Home › Swenson College of Science and Engineering › Research › Research Partners
An alumnus of UMD tries out a virtual reality program created by Swenson College students and faculty in the MMAD Lab.
Swenson College has some great on-campus resources available for students and faculty.
Research Instrumentation Lab (RIL)
Another great resource, this lab is focused on providing the highest quality microanalytical data. Lab staff can teach researchers and students about the tools available and how best to use the equipment to gather the data they need.
The lab is open for use by students, faculty and staff of UMD, as well as regional commercial and non-profit groups with a need for the lab's services.
UMD Research & Field Studies Center
Also known as the UMD Farm, the UMD Research & Field Studies Center is a 114 acre site about 4 miles away from the UMD Campus on Jean Duluth Road.
The Center is an ideal location for faculty to provide an outdoor lab experience for students and to conduct field research. In addition, the land at the Center is used by the College of Liberal Arts' Environment & Sustainability Program as a teaching space. Students help grow food that provides more than 25 tons of organically grown produce to the Residence Dining Center on campus. It's also a great spot for outreach and educational events for our community.
Swenson College Collaborations
In addition to research entities within our college, we also partner with agencies that provide amazing opportunities for students to put their expertise to work solving real-world problems.
Center for Economic Development (CED)
UMD's Center for Economic Development provides one-on-one services to business start-ups and existing businesses. For example, they work on:
Surveys and business plan development
Loan packaging
Operational and procurement assistance
Compliance issues (EPA, OSHA, Revenue and Tax
Their programs include the Small Business Development Center (SBDC), the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) Business Group, the 21st Century Arrowhead Initiative and the Student to Business Initiative.
U-Spatial@UMD (formerly the Geospatial Analysis Center)
U-Spatial offers services such as training and methodology support. While the primary focus is to work with University colleagues, see The Spatial University, U-Spatial also actively works in partnership with public and private organizations interested in working with the unique resources of the University.
The Center's staff provide classroom and research project assistance. Services may include project design, identification of system and data needs, data acquisition, budget estimates and analysis or oversight of a project.
The University has a site license with Esri which provide all students, faculty, and staff with access to most Esri applications, services, and data resources at no cost. U-Spatial can help UMN students, faculty, and staff from all campuses access and license several geospatial software packages. Contact the Help Desk for assistance with finding the appropriate software for your work.
Institute on the Environment
IonE has been established to accelerate the transition to a future where people and the environment prosper together. There are opportunities for students, faculty, and staff to engage in sustainability education, research, and leadership at UMD.
Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI)
This Institute was established in 1983 to encourage economic growth for Minnesota's natural resource-based industries while keeping watch over the impact of that growth on the environment. Today, students, faculty and staff at NRRI conduct research that impacts Minnesota's minerals, forest products, peat biomass and water-related industries.
Minnesota Sea Grant
With nearly 12,000 lakes and a coast on the world's largest body of freshwater, Minnesota possesses a bounty of aquatic and coastal resources. Through scientific research and public education programs, Minnesota Sea Grant works to enhance and preserve Minnesota's coastal environment and economy.
Viz Lab / MMAD Lab
The Viz and MMAD (Motion and Media Across Disciplines) Labs are exciting resources for faculty, graduate and undergraduate projects across the UMD campus. They currently host multi-disciplinary collaborations between faculty in theatre, digital arts, exercise science, mechanical engineering and computer science. By providing a dynamic multi-media environment for design and scientific study, we can pursue original research in the areas of animation, visual imaging, and scientific visualization.
The MMAD Lab's high-tech resources includes 3D motion capture technology, a high definition video production studio space, virtual reality hardware and a sophisticated sound booth.
The Viz Lab offers great resources, too, with a photography studio, 3D printing, state-of-the-art projection and high-end cameras and recording devices.
Center for Economic Development
GAC or U-Spatial at UMD
Natural Resources Research Institution
Viz/MMAD Lab
scse@d.umn.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A MURDERER who knifed a teen to death posted a chilling Facebook tribute to his victim - just hours after killing her.
Twisted Shea Heely, 19, joined friends and family in paying tribute to 16-year-old Leonne Weeks on Facebook after butchering her on a canal towpath.
The fiend wrote "RIP Leonne" on her Facebook wall just hours before detectives swooped to arrest him on suspicion of her murder.
Chaos erupted in Sheffield Crown Court this morning as Heeley made a last-second guilty plea while prosecutors told how he stabbed tragic Leonne Weeks in Dinnington in South Yorkshire in January last year.
One man shouted at the teen: "Wait until the day you come out - I promise you now I will do the same to you.
"Wait until you walk out of jail - I will wait."
The dramatic scenes unfolded a year to the day that the teen had been buried after the stabbing horror.
The college student's pals had told how she "had gone to meet someone" before her body was discovered by a member of the public down on the isolated pathway.
Police have confirmed that Leonne and Heeley lived nearby to each other and knew each other through mutual friends but the full circumstances of her murder have not been disclosed.
Judge Paul Watson, QC, today told Heeley the only suitable sentence would be life imprisonment and that he would go to jail for a "very long time indeed".
He said a 50 page psychiatric report had been produced which concluded that Heeley was fit to enter a plea.
"The conclusion is that there are no psychiatric diagnoses or disorders," the judge revealed.
Heeley, of Dinnington, South Yorks., will be sentenced on March 5.


Find your balance in life. Whether it's between work and fun, exercise and vegging out or buying and eating. Make healthy lifestyle choices.
Immerse yourself into something new for 2019. Try out a different sport perhaps. No one is going to do it for you! Our Founder is a keen Yogi, so we have asked yoga teacher Roisin Kinch some questions about her yoga journey. Maybe now is the time to plunge into yoga and give it a go, if you haven't got the yoga bug already.
How long have you been practising yoga?
I began practicing yoga roughly 7 years ago. It all started when the Bikram craze hit London, but I soon realised it wasn't for me with the set routine. I then moved on to hatha, which was a great way to learn the postures and alignment at a nice steady pace. I really got to know how my body should feel in each posture instead of pushing myself. Once I got some confidence I branched out and truly found my feet in vinyasa, I loved that there is no set structure to the sequence and it flowed more like a dance.
What is your favourite style of yoga?
The style that I am drawn towards for a physical practise is vinyasa flow. It is dynamic, strong and focused. I leave feeling satisfied creatively and physically. For my mind a yin yoga style nourishes my thoughts, learning to sit with the uncomfortable and using my breath as the guide. The combination of the two is just a dream. I feel so much more connected on all levels.
How long have you been teaching yoga?
I took my 200hr training in 2017 at Triyoga in London and began teaching as soon as I qualified that year. So I have been teaching for just over a year and I have been learning ever since. It really is a never-ending journey.
There is no one particular person but more a type of person! Someone who is courageous and kind, someone who enjoys bringing the best out of each moment and person.
How do you find the right balance in life?
I found that to have balance I have to have discipline and that discipline is to not forget about my needs! Being self-employed and working within the wellbeing industry you can so easily put yourself on the back burner. This is something I am continuously working on. Someone once taught me to plan and put into my schedule at the beginning of each week a couple of things to do for myself, in order for me to not burn out. Whether that is a yoga class, reading a book or cooking a meal from scratch I try to schedule some time to simply relax. That way my energy levels are in check and I'm not living for the weekend.
Do you meditate regularly and is it an important part of your practise?
Meditation is a wonderful tool and it comes in many forms. My ideal way to meditate is to use my mala beads. There are 108 beads and each time you roll one through your fingers you repeat a mantra to yourself. It takes about 10-15minutes or longer. If you just keep going, the tension release is incredible, and you just feel your worries wash over you leaving you at ease. I have the intention of doing this daily but it doesn't always work out. Sometimes a technology free dog walk is my meditation and that relaxes my soul just as much.
Do you do any other forms of exercise regularly?
I will be totally honest. Since teaching yoga up to 11 times a week my other exercise has gone out of the window! But this year I have made a promise to myself to start looking after myself again and already have started swimming and in the summer some wild swimming in the Thames! Also spinning, the intensity gets my heart pumping like nothing else. With these two types of exercise I get in my cardio fix to raise my heart rate and also to strengthen my body.
What time of day do you feel you get the most out of your practise?
I like to practise when I have got some life tasks out of the way and then my mind is clear of any distractions. Morning – Mid day is the perfect time for an energising hatha or vinyasa practice to reboot my mind for the day ahead. The evening is great for restorative yoga, soothing my mind and simmering down my nervous system after a day of work.
What is your favourite space to do yoga in?
Home! I can play my music really loud sending me into a trance. My dog Mowgli likes his bed next to my mat and licks my hands (and face!) in downward dog and the best thing is I'm usually still in my Pyjamas. But my favourite studio to do yoga in is at Bhuti in Richmond. I don't teach here so it feels like such a treat to go in and just blend in.
How do you hydrate when you aren't in the studio?
When I'm not at a studio I drink a lot of herbal tea. I also use my refillable bottle and carry it with me everywhere. Doing so much exercise I realised early on I was becoming dehydrated so made it part of my routine to keep on top of it.
Do you hydrate during your practise?
Through a yoga practise its best not to drink too much and mainly hydrate before or after class so you don't have that feeling of water sloshing around. I teach a couple of hot yoga classes a week and during this type of yoga I do encourage people to take sips of water when they need to as they are losing so much fluid and salt during the class.
No because I never stick to them. Instead I set myself one intention and that is to be kind to myself. We have so much pressure in our daily life and I didn't feel I needed another thing to add to my list so I am just simply going to be kinder to myself. Trying to pass my thoughts, judgments and decisions through my heart before my mind. Oh and to drink more water, ha!


Have you ever felt moved by a painting, a piece of music, a play, a poem, or a dance? When we are exposed to refined creative expression, it broadens our horizons and opens up our heart to all expressions of the spirit. Something resonates within us and propels us to participate.
Like a plant, a flower, or anything that grows, culture is dynamic. True culture is a living process that flourishes as a result of new social, artistic, scientific, intellectual and spiritual contributions.
At New Acropolis one can become a participant in and a creator of a renewed vision of culture: a culture that is life affirming, transformative, valuable, enriching, and nourishing.By promoting a universal celebration of cultural values, meaningful and practical philosophical messages can be understood and accessed by all.
Culture has a social, moral, philosophical and spiritual role to play in our society and in our world. Culture helps to shed light upon numerous modern-day issues and conflicts. It provides us with knowledge and the ability to think globally and make informed, adaptive and wise decisions. We have a legacy of over 10,000 years of human history and experience that we can benefit by adapting it and giving it new life.
Tapping into the world's diverse cultures and civilizations can have significant benefits: enriching our knowledge of the world and its cultural forms, fostering greater awareness of diversity and increasing empathy.
Many of our cultural activities are provided by volunteers who seek to express something authentic from their hearts. These experiences are rewarding as they nourish the soul and help release tensions of everyday life. Culture brings enjoyment for both the artist and the audience, through the interaction of creativity and imagination, and all benefit from that generous effort.
We explore many art forms, crafts and traditions. We visit museums and exhibits and sites of cultural and historical interest, and we strive to bring people into closer contact with nature through hikes, camps and other wilderness activities.
Come and experience Culture with us!