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Temporal evaluation of an ex vivo bioreactor model of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Clark, Emily Ruth (2016) Temporal evaluation of an ex vivo bioreactor model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an asymptomatic dilatation of the abdominal aorta which ultimately leads to rupture without intervention. Rupture is typically fatal. Due to the silent nature of the disease, the National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP) has recently been implemented in the UK. It is an unprecedented opportunity to explore the nature of early AAA development and uncover new targets for therapeutics. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the principle component of the arterial wall and have the ability to stabilise the pathological remodelling which is characteristic of AAA. In AAA tissue, SMCs have been shown to be dysfunctional. Phenotypic switching of SMCs has been reported as an early event in AAA development. The aim of this study was therefore to further characterise an ex vivo porcine model of AAA and temporally characterise SMC phenotype. The approach was to harvest porcine carotid arteries and subject them to a protease pre-treatment. They were then cultured under flow and pressure in a vascular bioreactor for specified periods of time to model the early and end stage of AAA. The model was then temporally characterised in terms of the structure and function of arterial tissue and SMCs. This study directly followed a previous study in our laboratory which validated SMCs from the end-stage model with human AAA SMCs. Histology and immunohistochemistry for SMCs and components of the extracellular matrix were used to qualitatively analyse tissue structure in the early and end-stage models. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to biomechanically characterise the function of the tissue. Whole vessel pressuredilation analysis was also evaluated as a method of biomechanical characterisation for this model. The structure of the SMCs in the early and end-stage models were characterised using image analysis and fluorescence microscopy of the actin cytoskeleton. SMC circularity was an indication of a change in phenotype. The function of the SMCs was also assessed using proliferation assays, scratch wound migration assays, senescence associated beta-galactosidase assays and gelatin zymography for matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2 and -9). It was determined that a combination of the protease pre-treatment and bioreactor culture was required to induce the phenotypic switch seen previously in the end-stage model. This study managed to reproduce the results seen in the previous study; in the end-stage model, protease pre-treatment followed by bioreactor culture for twelve days induced an increase in SMC circularity, impaired proliferation, elevated levels of senescence and decreased levels of MMP secretion. These characteristics are also observed in human AAA SMCs. A period of SMC hyperproliferation was also observed in the early-stage model. The SMCs had not yet undergone the phenotypic switch characteristic of the end-stage model. The SMCs were also more active in terms of MMP secretion and had much lower levels of senescence compared to the end-stage model. In terms of tissue structure, Sirius Red histological staining revealed a periluminal deposition of collagen in the end-stage model which was not present in the early-stage model. It was hypothesised that this was an attempt at an ECM stabilisation mechanism. The early-stage model also reached aneurysmal dimensions but inwards remodelling of the artery had occurred by the end stage of the model. Uniaxial tensile testing revealed that culture in the bioreactor caused arterial remodelling regardless of pre-treatment. Generally, vessels which received protease pre-treatment tended to be thinner, weaker and less compliant then those without pre-treatment. This study shows that it may not be appropriate to characterise AAA SMCs according to classical SMC phenotype. The early-stage model may be used to illuminate potential targets which is particularly pertinent given the recent advent of AAA screening, providing a window of opportunity for early therapeutic intervention.
End-stage AAA model development (Related publication)
aneurysm; smooth muscle cell; bioreactor; biomechanics; phenotype
Awarding institution:
The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering (Leeds) > School of Mechanical Engineering (Leeds) > Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (iMBE)(Leeds)
Identification Number/EthosID (e.g. uk.bl.ethos.123456):
uk.bl.ethos.693082
Miss Emily Clark
Final eThesis - complete (pdf)
Filename: EmilyClark_Thesis2016.pdf
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Lisa Jackson resigns from EPA
December 28th, 2012 — Lisa Jackson announced she is resigning as administrator of the federal Environmental Protection Agency – fueling speculation that she might be considering a challenge to Gov. Chris Christie in his re-election bid in November. A former commissioner of the New …
Continue reading "Lisa Jackson resigns from EPA"
December 28th, 2012 — The state Senate Budget and Appropriations Committee invited State Treasurer Andrew Sidamon-Eristoff and David Rosen, the budget expert from the Office of Legislative Services, to update the members on revenue projections for 2013. The state's two finance titans are scheduled …
Continue reading "Revenue forecast"
No compromise in sight
December 21st, 2012 — All eyes were on Morris County this week as Gov. Chris Christie and the Senate sparred over the top law enforcement post there. Christie had grown tired of the Senate's refusal to act on his nominee for county prosecutor, Frederic …
Continue reading "No compromise in sight"
Booker booked on Gov race
December 21st, 2012 — Newark Mayor Cory Booker's decision to forego the governor's race in 2013 must have left many state Democrats feeling like Santa shortchanged them this holiday season. Booker has the personal charisma and rich backers that would make him a potent …
Continue reading "Booker booked on Gov race"
Jaymes DeJesus Joins TD Bank as Store Manager in Paterson, N.J.
December 21st, 2012 — TD Bank, America's Most Convenient Bank®, has named Jaymes S. DeJesus the Store Manager of the Twenty First Avenue store located at 330 21st Ave. in Paterson, N.J. An Assistant Vice President, he is responsible for new business development, consumer and …
Continue reading "Jaymes DeJesus Joins TD Bank as Store Manager in Paterson, N.J."
Bill Palatucci Joins the Law Firm of Gibbons P.C.
December 21st, 2012 — Gibbons P.C. is proud to announce that William J. Palatucci, one of the state's most prominent and widely respected attorneys, with a reputation for strategic planning and complex public policy and communications initiatives, has joined the firm as Special Counsel. Mr. Palatucci's past experience …
Continue reading "Bill Palatucci Joins the Law Firm of Gibbons P.C."
Kathleen Stockton Appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court Arbitration Committee
December 21st, 2012 — Kathleen Stockton, a Partner in the Archer & Greiner's Haddonfield, N.J., office, has been appointed by the New Jersey Supreme Court to a three-year term as Vice Chair of the District III Fee Arbitration Committee. As an alternative to court …
Continue reading "Kathleen Stockton Appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court Arbitration Committee"
Plastic bag tax proposed
December 14th, 2012 — Sen. Bob Smith, chairman of the Senate Environmental Committee, is again targeting plastic bags in bill that would make consumers pay a 5-cent tax for every bag they use. The legislation is reportedly modeled after an ordinance in Washington, D.C. …
Continue reading "Plastic bag tax proposed"
Assembly set to vote on minimum wage
December 14th, 2012 — The Assembly scheduled a vote for Monday on a constitutional amendment that would ask voters to approve a minimum wage increase to $8.25 an hour and allow for annual adjustments tied to changes in the consumer price index. Despite warnings …
Continue reading "Assembly set to vote on minimum wage"
December 7th, 2012 — Kerri Chewning Promoted to Of Counsel Attorney Kerri E. Chewning has been promoted to Of Counsel with Archer & Greiner P.C., where she was formerly an Associate. Ms. Chewning, of Burlington Township, N.J., practices in Archer & Greiner's Litigation Department …
Continue reading "Archer & Greiner"
Coutinho discusses economic development
December 7th, 2012 — Assemblyman Albert Coutinho, chairman of the Assembly Commerce and Economic Development Committee, was welcomed by the CIANJ this week as he discussed the challenges New Jersey faces rebuilding from Superstorm Sandy. Coutinho said across the state residents and elected officials …
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Health exchange bill vetoed
December 7th, 2012 — Gov. Chris Christie faulted the federal government as he vetoed legislation that would have established state-run health exchanges – one of the main components of the Affordable Care Act. The governor said there was not enough information provided about what …
Continue reading "Health exchange bill vetoed"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Miami University Oxford, Ohio est. 1809 College of Creative Arts
Info For... Current Students Faculty and Staff Alumni
Department of Art
Art and Architecture History
Michael Lecture Series
Fall 2019 Art and Architecture History Classes
Andrew Casper
124 Art Building
casperar@miamioh.edu
Follow miamioharthistory on Instagram »
Art and Architecture History Minor
Art history is arguably the most expansive field a student can pursue. It is the study of human civilization across time and culture through the physical things that they make--paintings, sculptures, architecture, graphic and decorative arts, film, performance, and others.
As a discipline, art history considers how these works of art signify ideas, beliefs, practices, and social identities of the groups and individuals that made, viewed, or used them. Students of art history learn how to understand these works of art through research and analysis of aesthetic issues, cultural contexts, and artistic practices. They ultimately acquire specialized expertise in the important roles played by visual media in our own society and that of cultures from around the globe.
The Value of Art History
Art History Major
Art History Minors at Miami Can:
Work with outstanding professors with international reputations for their research in the fields of Classical, Renaissance, Baroque, Asian, African, modern, and contemporary art and architecture history.
Study works of art from across cultures in the permanent collection of the fully accredited Miami University Art Museum.
Form close mentorships with professors who are passionate about teaching at an institution nationally recognized for its commitment to undergraduate education.
Apply for internships at the Miami University Art Museum
Prepare for a wide variety of careers that require critical thinking, visual acuity, and excellent communication skills.
Why Study Art History?
Art History Skills
Art History at Miami
The Art and Architecture History major and minor at Miami University prepare students for a wider range of career options than what many might realize. The content of the history of art will be essential knowledge for anyone looking to work in museums, galleries, or cultural institutions; attend graduate school in art history or related fields; and teach art history at the high school and college level. However, the skills acquired through the study of art history are highly desired by a much broader range of employers, whether related to the arts and humanities or not.
Consider the following skills* and how they are honed through the study of art history:
Visual Analysis
Developing tools to assess the function of images in an increasingly visual world
Comparatively analyzing works of art to understand their styles, functions, and artistic value
Recognizing why works of art look the way that they do and how they communicate information
Understanding the functions of created objects from various times and across cultures
Identifying a culture's values and beliefs by studying the objects created in that culture
Explaining our own contemporary culture by exploring those of others
Gathering, examining, and analyzing evidence in images and primary sources
Assessing information and judging its relevance and importance
Expanding the horizons of knowledge through novel interdisciplinary investigations
Writing and speaking critically about topics related to created objects
Interpreting and organizing complex and often ambiguous information
Developing sound arguments supported by logically ordered evidence
*Adapted from https://finearts.utexas.edu/sites/files/cofa/art_history_career_guide_july_2015.pdf
We educate socially responsible leaders in the fields of art who explore and create significant ideas. These globally-engaged citizens help shape society, inspire future generations, and share the value of the arts as an essential part of life.
art@MiamiOH.edu
College of Creative Arts
Architecture + Interior Design
Emerging Technology in Business + Design (ETBD)


Counterwork behaviours – CWBs – include fraud, misconduct, and work avoidance cost organisations billions every year. In this article, Professor Furnham discusses the psychology behind CWBs, and how an organisation can reduce instances of counterwork behaviours.
People nick stuff at work. They take part in "the unauthorised appropriation of company property for personal use, unrelated to the job". They steal from their employer, their boss and their customers. It is all too common and can be costly.


This year, the world celebrates the 500th anniversary of the Skaryna Bible and the Belarusian book printing. These links are dedicated to the anniversary.
Francysk Skaryna, the Martin Luther of Belarus.
500 Years of Belarusian Book Printing News Feed.
Book "Russian Bible of Fransysk Skaryna is 500" presented in Minsk.
500 Years of the Skaryna Bible: coloured books from the «Faust Study».


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Home Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Hanley Ramirez wins tight race for NL Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Florida Marlins shortstop Hanley Ramirez was elected the National League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award by the BBWAA in a close vote over Washington Nationals third baseman Ryan Zimmerman. Ramirez, 21, who batted .292 with 46 doubles, 11 triples, 17 home runs, 59 RBI and…
Justin Verlander wins AL Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Justin Verlander, who was among the league leaders in the major pitching categories, was named the American League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award in voting by the BBWAA. Verlander, 21, was listed first on 26 of the 28 ballots submitted by two writers in each…
Phillies slugger Ryan Howard wins NL Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Ryan Howard, who took over for injured Jim Thome at first base for the Philadelphia Phillies and led all first-year players in the major leagues in home runs with 22, was elected the National League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award by the Baseball Writers' Association…
A's closer Huston Street wins Rookie of the Year
Huston Street, who emerged as the closing reliever for the Oakland Athletics in the second month of the 2005 season, was named the American League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award in balloting by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Street, 22, was listed first on…
Jason Bay is first Pirate to win Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Outfielder Jason Bay became the first member of the Pittsburgh Pirates and the first native Canadian to win the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award in the National League balloting announced by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Bay, 26, from Trail, British Columbia, batted .282 with 26 home…
A's Bobby Crosby wins Rookie of the Year
For the second consecutive year, a shortstop was the American League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award as Bobby Crosby of the Oakland Athletics was a near unanimous choice in balloting announced by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Crosby, 24, tabbed to succeed former AL…
Dontrelle Willis wins NL Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Pitcher Dontrelle Willis became the first member of the Florida Marlins to win a BBWAA award in the franchise's 11 seasons as he was named the National League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award. Willis, 21, was listed first on 17 of the 32 ballots cast…
Royals' Angel Berroa wins AL Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year
Shortstop Angel Berroa of the Kansas City Royals was elected the American League winner of the Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award by a narrow margin over left fielder Hideki Matsui of the New York Yankees in balloting announced by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Berroa, 25, who…


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Q: How can ensure the PROCEDURE can run all successfully in MySQL? Here is my PROCEDURE:
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `user_active_account`(IN i_email VARCHAR(255),
IN i_active_code VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
    START TRANSACTION;
    DELETE FROM activeCodes WHERE active_code = i_active_code;
    UPDATE users SET status = 1 WHERE email = i_email;
    COMMIT;
END

I got a problem here, I would like to execute DELETE FROM activeCodes WHERE active_code = i_active_code success, if this line cannot run success (For example, it can't delete any things), the UPDATE users SET status = 1 WHERE email = i_email can not be executed. How can I focus this behaviour? Thanks.

A: check mysql_affected_rows. if greater than 0, then there definitely has been a delete. Hope that helps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Become a Couples & Divorce Counselor – Education & Licensing
Counseling Schools Search
Select a Specialization Select a Specialization All Programs——————Counseling: AllCounseling: Clinical Mental Health CounselingCounseling: School Counseling——————Applied Behavior AnalysisPsychology & Behavioral HealthSocial Work
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Select Your State Select Your State – Outside of U.S.AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaPuerto RicoRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming
The institution of marriage is one of society's most basic expectations. As much as people want to be coupled and start families, marriage or long-term partnerships are not easy relationships to maintain. The CDC says that 2.9 couples per 1,000 will seek divorce. And even if people stay married without divorcing, they often need help improving their communication.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS 2020), the job outlook for marriage and family therapists, which has a lot of overlap with the field of couples and divorce counseling, is growing more rapidly than most U.S. occupations. In fact, the BLS predicted there would be a 22 percent jump in positions nationally between 2019 and 2029.
A couples and divorce counselor provides support services to individual clients as well as to couples and families who are experiencing stress related to their family or relationships. A divorce counselor will specifically shepherd couples through the divorce process, and encourage them to work through and consider issues, which may affect their ability to successfully co-parent (if children are involved) or go on to have other healthy relationships.
There are many environments in which a couples and divorce counselor can work, including schools, outpatient care facilities, substance abuse treatment centers, domestic violence shelters, and in their own private practices or group practices. They can work with people who are trying to save their marriages or those who have already decided to divorce and are seeking help with the decision-making involved in that process.
Counselors in this field may treat couples with a variety of issues, such as those related to religion or sexuality. Whatever the issue, a couples counselor should be dedicated to helping people overcome obstacles preventing them from developing healthy relationships. To enter this field, the first step is to earn a master's degree in a counseling-related field. There are also many specialties available, including a focus on Christian counseling, counseling those who are LGBTQ, and counseling multicultural relationships, among others.
If you are interested in a career helping clients work through the painful process of divorce or helping them with other issues that may ultimately strengthen their relationship, read on for the steps on how to become a couples and divorce counselor.
How to Become a Couples & Divorce Counselor
When a relationship ends, it can take a surprising emotional and psychological toll on both the couple and any children that may be part of the union. Regardless of how the relationship ends, working through the process of divorcing and restarting a new life on different terms can be one of the most challenging events of a person's life. If the relationship ends due to some trauma such as infidelity or another breach of trust issue, it can be devastating indeed. A qualified and skillful couples and divorce counselor will have many of the same qualifications of a licensed marriage and family therapist, and in fact, the educational requirements are very much the same.
Step 1: Graduate from High School or Obtain a GED (Four Years)
Similar to other mental health and therapy careers, a successful career as a couples and divorce counselor starts with an interest in psychology, counseling, or social work. While in high school, students who already know that they wish to work in the field of therapy may plan to take classes that support their future baccalaureate education by taking human development classes, biology and anatomy classes, psychology or sociology, and classes related to humanities and social sciences.
Students in high school may also prepare themselves by finding related volunteer work. This could involve starting support groups. Volunteer experience could involve working as a local social services agency such as a domestic abuse shelter or soup kitchen. There can be a great deal of competition to get into a four-year college, so any advocacy or experience that sets one student apart from another could make a difference on the student getting into the college of their choice. Completing high school with a high grade point average would also be advised, as for many social science degrees, a minimum GPA of at least 3.00 is often required.
Step 2: Complete a Bachelor's Degree (Four Years)
While the licensing phase of becoming a couples and divorce counselor takes place after the master's degree, many educational requirements start at the baccalaureate level. Usually, individuals seeking to become a couples and divorce counselor or marriage and family therapist will start by earning a bachelor's degree in a counseling-related field. This typically means psychology, sociology, social work, counseling, nursing, pastoral counseling, or education, although students from any major can apply to become a marriage and family or couples and divorce therapist. When planning volunteer, research, or coursework, it is advised to focus on topics related to marriage and/or family situations.
Being accepted in a graduate program typically requires completing a bachelor's degree from an accredited school. The organization COAMFTE, or the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy, accredits marriage and family therapy educational programs. According to the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT), qualified candidates for licensure must have graduated from an accredited program and obtained at least two years of post-degree supervised clinical experience working in direct service to married couples.
While nearing the end of the bachelor's degree, many students begin thinking about what school they want to attend for graduate school. Within this consideration is whether or not the graduate school requires a GRE entrance exam. If it does, this can add weeks to months to a student's timeline, to study for and take the test.
Step 3: Obtain a Master's Degree (Two Years)
Once the decision is made as to which graduate school to attend, next is deciding on the program. For individuals interested in working with couples as a divorce counselor a graduate program in counseling is likely the best option. Many counseling master's programs are in general clinical mental health counseling, with specializations available for marriage and family therapy.
Alternatively, some programs can be specifically for a degree as a counselor in marriage and family therapy with options for other specializations such as working with substance abuse issues, sexuality issues related to gender identity or general sexual development, or other specific populations of people.
For instance, Northcentral University's master of arts in marriage and family therapy has a military family therapy specialization. This program prepares counselors to work with individuals, couples, and families that are affiliated with the military. To obtain this specialization, students must have at least 100 hours of clinical experience in an approved military setting.
Most graduate programs require at least two years of full-time study. Some can be extended to three years, and some have part-time study options. The last half of the first year is typically taken up with a practicum, which is a period of time for the student to engage in observation and documentation. The last year of the program is typically an in-depth research project, often called a capstone project, and active internships in which the students are working in a job-simulated environment under supervision.
Step 4: Pass Required Examinations (Timeline Varies)
Licensure to practice couples and divorce counseling usually falls under the same guidelines as that of a licensed marriage and family therapist. Each state has different requirements for this licensure stage, but for the most part, all involve graduation from an accredited college or program and passing a licensure exam approved by the individual state's board of education. The student is advised to be sure to check with the licensing board of the state where they wish to practice to be sure of the requirements.
To practice as a licensed marital and family therapist (LMFT) students will be required to pass the MFT National Examination, developed and managed by the association of Marital and Family Therapy Regulatory Boards, or AMFTRB. A practice exam is available.
The process for applying and completing the exam takes a month at a minimum. According to the AMFTRB, students start the process by applying to their state or jurisdiction board to determine or confirm eligibility for the test. The state will send a letter to confirm eligibility. There is often an online application and application or testing fee.
To register for the exam, students must first contact their jurisdiction and state board where they intend to become licensed. They should contact the state where they wish to work, rather than the state where they may be living. Students will schedule with the testing company based on availability. After the exam is taken, it takes about 20 days to receive the scores.
According to the AMFTRB, the MFT National Examination is given during a one-week window every month. They recommend allowing extra time in case of a non-passing score the first time.
Step 5: Apply for a Certification or License (Timeline Varies)
Steps for state licensure vary by state but are generally similar in scope. This typically means an application that documents graduation from a regionally accredited school with a master's degree in marriage and family therapy (or in an allied field with graduate-level course work in marriage and family therapy that meets that state's board requirements).
Prior to obtaining licensure, the student should be expected to have completed a set amount of supervised work postgraduate experience. In Alabama, for instance, according to the AMFTRB, this amount is 200 hours of supervised work, along with 1,000 post-degree direct client hours. Two-hundred-and-fifty of these direct contact hours must be with couples or families physically present in the therapy room. Work must be supervised by a licensed MFT.
In California, licensees must accrue 3,000 hours of supervised work experience and 104 weeks of supervision with a minimum of 500 hours with couples, families, and children. Experience can also be a combination of group psychotherapy; telehealth or telephone counseling; workshops, seminars, training sessions, and conferences, provided the maximum and minimum hours are met for each criterion. Approved supervisors in California must be LMFT's licensed for a minimum of two years and take a six-hour supervision course every renewal period.
Step 6: Licensing Maintenance or Renewal (Timeline Varies)
According to the Licensed Professional Board of Examiners, the renewal of an LMFT license is mandatory every other year. Ten percent of licensees are audited and must provide documentation of a minimum of 40 Continuing Education Hours. CEH requirements vary by state but typically include work or training in approved content areas. Of the 40 CEHs required, 20 must be in the area of marriage and family therapy. If a license expires, the individual must re-apply for licensure under the current licensure requirements for their state.
What Do Couples & Divorce Counselors Do?
First and foremost, couples and divorce counselors must create an environment in which their clients feel welcome and supported and feel comfortable disclosing often deeply personal thoughts and feelings. It is essential that couples and divorce counselors possess strong interpersonal communication and listening skills. Empathy and compassion are of utmost importance. A counselor with a Christian focus can guide couples through their issues within the framework of their religious choices. A counselor who specializes in sexuality or gender identity could help someone through the difficult process of gender affirmation. Others may help a multicultural couple work through differences in their cultural expectations.
People often think about going to marriage counseling if something traumatic has happened and their marriage is in trouble. Often, a marriage or family therapist can work through issues that are straining a marriage, such as having a child with special needs or an issue such as infidelity. Couples counselors work primarily with people in committed relationships as opposed to families or children, although they can help couples deal with childhood issues such as children's conduct disorders, adolescent drug abuse, autism, or chronic illness in adults and children, all of which could lead to relationship distress and conflict.
A divorce counselor works with patients to help them through the process of divorce. According to the AAMFT, couples counseling is typically solution-focused and short term. They say that sessions wrap up in 12 sessions, on average, while nearly 67 percent of the cases are completed within 20 sessions. About half of the treatment provided by couples and family counselors is one-on-one with the other half divided between marital/couple and family therapy, or a combination of treatments.
A divorce counselor could shepherd the couple through the pre- and post-process of divorce, including working on a parenting plan, splitting assets, accepting future relationships, or other issues. Even if the couple decides to divorce, working with a divorce counselor to help them understand their emotional response to their marriage can help them get along and work out problems more effectively at any point in their lives. When working with a professional, the chances of a positive outcome, however that is defined by the parties involved, is much higher.
How Much Do Couples & Divorce Counselors Make?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2019), marriage and family therapists had the following salary average and percentiles:
Number employed in the U.S.: 59,050 MFTs
Average annual salary (mean): $54,590
10th percentile: $32,070
50th percentile (median): $49,610
Couples & Divorce Counselor Professional Associations & Resources
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT)
International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors
International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (IAMFC)
International Family Therapy Association
American Family Therapy Academy
European Family Therapy Association
Commission on Accreditation of Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE)
American Mental Health Counselors Association
Family Solutions Institute
Vanessa Salvia
Vanessa Salvia is an Oregon-based freelance writer and editor with a bachelor's degree in chemistry. As fun as rigorous studies in math and science were, Vanessa took an independent path and developed a prolific career covering lifestyle and healthcare topics for magazines and newspapers, important industries such as concrete construction and building waterproofing, and even hard science. You can get in touch at Sage Media and Marketing.
Interview with a Certified Sex Therapist – What to Know About This Growing Career August 4, 2020	Becca Brewer
Telebehavioral Health During COVID-19 August 3, 2020	Nina Chamlou
An Expert on the Long-Term Effects of Covid-19 Social Isolation December 10, 2020	Matt Zbrog
Why People Are Drawn to Cults – The Psychology of Brainwashing October 28, 2020	Nina Chamlou
The Fight for MFT License Portability Across States October 20, 2020	Matt Zbrog
1Domestic Violence Counselor
2Sex Counselor & Therapist
3Child (Pediatric) Behavioral Therapist
4College Counselor
5Guidance Counselor
1Online Graduate Certificate Programs in Counseling and Psychology
2Online Master's Degrees in Counseling and Psychology
3Online Master's Degrees in Marriage & Family Therapy (MFT)
4Graduate Certificates in Marriage & Family Therapy (MFT)
5Online Bachelor's Degrees in Counseling and Psychology


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