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FROM PAGES PAST: 1946: Hall murder case goes to jury
THE RAILROADS OF THE WORLD - There are now 124,115 miles of railroads in the world; at the close of 1869 there were 118,559 miles. Of the increase, 5,556 miles, about one-half, or 2,746 miles, were in the United States, while in the previous year we had built 5,000 miles of new road. At the present moment the lines actually built in this country greatly exceed 50,000 miles in length. This, it will be seen, is about four-fifths of the amount credited to all the European nations. Our railroads about equal in length the roads of Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Austria and Spain combined, and are more than six times as long as those of all other countries in Europe. In all our States railroads are now constructed, as well as in the territories of Wyoming and Utah. In all the other territories except Arizona and Alaska, lines are "projected." The New England States have a mile of railroad in operation on every 15 1/8 square miles; were the whole country covered with a net of railways at this rate, we should possess about five times as many as we have now, or about 250,000 miles. The proportion of railroads and area in the Middle States would, if uniform over the whole country, give 300,000 miles of road; and the proportion in Ohio would give more than 350,000 miles. Note: Presently, there are approximately 140,000 miles of railroad track in the US.
WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE IN WYOMING - The Democratic members of the Wyoming House of Representatives have passed the bill taking the right of suffrage away from the women of that Territory. They have only one reason for doing so, and that is, that the women have apparently mostly voted the Republican ticket. At least, the first Wyoming Legislature was unanimously Democratic, and that Legislature gave women the right to vote. At the very next election, a Republican Delegate to Congress was elected, and it seems as though no other cause could have produced so great a change in the Republican strength is so short a time. Hence the Democrats are "going back" on their pet. We remember well when the Democratic press of the country scolded and cut up all sorts of antics, because the Republicans conferred on colored people the right to vote, it being supposed that the colored people would vote with the Republican party; but the Democratic members of the Wyoming Legislature are doing that which no Republican would over dare to propose, and that is, taking away the privilege of voting from a certain class, because said class votes the other ticket. — Denver (Colorado) Springs.
RAILROAD LEASE - It is now stated that the Northern Central Railway Company has leased the Canandaigua and Watkins branch of this route for 99 years, thus giving the control of it as long as those now living will be likely to be particularly interested in its management. They talk of building a track of their own from Elmira to Watkins. There has been talk that by an arrangement between the companies, a third rail would be laid over the line to make a track for the Erie cars, and that both companies would thus run over this route. We presume that project has been abandoned.
CHRISTMAS OYSTERS - Merry Christmas is coming, and with it many good things. Among these will be a Christmas Festival of Oysters, and other luxuries, at the M. E. Church at Bellona on Monday evening Dec. 25, 1871. The benefits are to be appropriated to Sunday School and church purposes. A general invitation is given to come and share in the enjoyments of this social occasion. By order of Committee. Bellona, Dec. 13, 1871.
COLLEGE AND NORMAL STUDENTS - Where local students are attending college or Normal school (The figure indicates the class of which each is a member). Most of these students are home for the holidays. Alfred University, Alfred — Ann Houghtaling, 2. Albany State College — Eleanor Gamby, 4. Beechwood, Philadelphia, Pa. — Barbara Tobey, 2. Bucknell, Pa. — Peter Kinyon 2. University of Chicago — Leonard Sanderson, 4. University of Buffalo — George Kinnie, 4; Lauriston Scherer, 4; Leverett Davis, 3. Cornell University — Gwendolyn Brown, 2; Cornelia Lerch, 4; Lucile Wyman, 3; Fenton Windnagle, 4; Wesley Morgan, 2; Sidney Ayres, 2; Howard Campbell, 1; Edson Moshier, 1, Kenneth Bullock, 1; Norman Hunt, 1. Elmira College — Beth Cole, 4, Hazel McDermott, 2; Esther Fox, 2; Elsie Reed, 1. Keuka College — Mary Comstock, 1; Marjorie Comstock, 1; Lulu Comstock, 1; Muriel Hurlbut, 1: Ruth Norton, 1; Ruth Johnson, 1; Dorothy Taylor, 1; Elsie Jorgensen, 1; Tillie Thompson, 1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. — Clayton Wells, 3; Ralph Excell, 2. University of Notre Dame, Ind.- — John Meehan, 4; Justin Hyland, 4. Oberlin College, Ohio — Carroll Daniels, 4. College of New Rochelle — Eleanor Hyland, 3. Russell-Sage College, Troy — Ethel Townsend, 3; Margaret Purdy, 3. Syracuse University — Harold Wood, grad; Carrie Beck, 3; Lynn Wood, 2; Elsie Welker, 2; Cyril Winkworth, 4; Kenneth Winkworth, 1; John Smith, 1; Lois Gardner, 1; Marion Bodine, 1; Herbert Williams, 1; James Evans, 1; Paul Thayer, 1; Chester Evans, 1. Geneseo Normal — Mildred Swann, 1; Leona Sisson, 1: Helen Tuthill, 1, Ethel Orr, 1; Mary Beauchamp, 1. Brockport Normal — Sabra Ross, 1; Isabel Barry, 1; Inez Seamans, 2. Oneonta Normal — Doris Coats, 2.
KEUKA COLLEGE NOTES - The entertainment "Lighting the Christmas Candles" was given Friday evening. It was a beautiful ceremony, carried out in splendid spirit, and it reflected great credit upon those who participated. The proceeds of the evening, over $40.00, will go to the aid of needy students in Central Europe. It is expected that the program will be modified and repeated in several of the home towns of the students during the Christmas vacation, and the proceeds will be given for the benefit of Madras College in India.
ALLEGED STABBING FRAY - A man named Andrew Cannon, who works for Miss Jennie Baker near Himrod, claims he was stabbed Saturday night near the corner of Seneca and Main streets. According to Cannon's story as related to an officer he, with a companion, had been imbibing of diluted Jamaica ginger. They walked to the corner where some derogatory remarks caused Cannon to knock his companion down. In return the man is alleged to have stabbed Cannon in the breast twice with a pocket knife. He was taken to the office of Dr. George Stevenson, as he claimed he was faint from loss of blood. Dr. Stevenson culled Dr. Matthews as the man appeared very weak from heart trouble. The physician found two stab wounds, both superficial. He was taken to the Hayes house. A warrant will probably be served for the arrest of the Keuka Park man who is alleged to have wielded the knife.
WIND STORM DOES GREAT DAMAGE. PENN YAN ESCAPES HARM - Yates County and Western New York, and in fact the whole state, was visited by terrific winds Sunday. The storm struck Penn Yan about 2 o'clock Sunday morning and brought with it a decided drop in the temperature and torrents of rain. Telephone wires were blown down in all parts of the county and the effect of the storm was seen on dead trees, signs and unstable roofs and chimneys. No great amount of damage has been reported from this county, but in some places in the state the wind did much damage. The Chronicle's Dundee correspondent says: "Considerable damage is reported in this vicinity from the high winds of Saturday night and Sunday. Large limbs were broken from a number of trees in the village and some trees were broken off. A tile wall at Goble Brothers' mill was blown over and the blow pipe was blown down. Several hours were required to clear away the damage enough to start the mills. The wall will have to be entirely rebuilt. At the farm of Kendrick Johnson, between this village and Watkins, the barn roof was blown off, and at the Charles Chadwick farm, northeast of Dundee, the roof of a shed 40x50 feet was picked up and carried about thirty feet across the road and landed in a field with such force that the roof was imbedded in the ground to a considerable depth, while the roof of the main barn was started from its place. It is reported that the garage on the Myron Tuttle farm, in Barrington, was picked up and carried away, leaving the automobile standing unharmed." The telephones are out of commission in every direction, and this report cannot be confirmed.
NIAGARA RUNS WILD - Never has such a volume of water poured over the brink of the Niagara cataract as did today. The waters of Lake Erie crowded into the Niagara river by the tremendous gale caused such a flood' that miles from the source of the river the water was swirling deep where usually only a few scant inches race along. Such floods poured over the precipice that the pool at the bottom quickly showed the results and the dock of the Maid of the Mist was submerged. The flood surged itself out through the rapids and the whirlpool, and the Maid itself fell into the broad reaches of the lower river at Lewiston.
HALL MURDER CASE GOES TO JURY THURSDAY MORNING - All testimony of rebuttal witnesses in the Hall murder trial was completed Wednesday forenoon. The afternoon was given over to the summation of the case by District Attorney Homer Pelton, who conducted the prosecution for the People of the State of New York, and Attorney George Skivington, who represented the defendant, Kenneth R. Hall. "You must consider whether the people have proved to your satisfaction that this boy intended to kill his wife," Attorney Skivington admonished the jury in his closing statement. He pointed out that the defendant had testified that he could not remember what had happened after he had left the summer kitchen at his mother-in-law's home. We do not know if this was insanity or an intense emotional upset, the defense attorney explained, but if he didn't know what he was doing that night, then he cannot be guilty of any crime and you must acquit him. He told the jury if the people had failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant intended to kill his wife, then he could not be found guilty of the charge of murder in the second degree. The court will tell you, the defense attorney stated, that if you acquit him of the charge for which he was indicted, you may consider whether or not he is guilty of manslaughter in the first degree. Although he had been allowed an hour by the court in which to sum up, the defense case was finished in 40 minutes.
INFORMATION -Penn Yan Post Office Lobby open, daily and holidays, 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. Sundays 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.; 8 to 8:30 p.m. Stamp window open daily 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Money order window open daily, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., except Saturdays when it closes at 12 M. Public Nurse Hours Public Health Nurses in office, 12 Arcade building, phone Penn Yan 760. 9-10 a.m. Monday through Saturday. Hospital Calling Hours Daily, 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p.m. No callers under 12 years. Library Hours 9:30 to 10:30 a.m.; 2:30 to 4:30 p.m.; 7 to 9 evenings; daily except Sundays and legal holidays.
PRIVATE PLANE - John Fullwood has received the first privately owned plane in this section, the machine having been delivered to him last week from Port Jervis, where he and Mrs. Fullwood and their son, Thomas, motored over the previous weekend to purchase it. The machine is one that has been used and reconditioned. It is a Fairchild, 90 h.p., 0X5 with Curtis motor, and carries three people. "Fully" flew an airplane in the early days of aviation between 1920 and '28, flying at Geneva, Buffalo, and in Florida, but has not flown a private plane since then. He is now one of the students at the Rushville Flying field, and expects to have his private license soon.
LT. STEVERSON GRADUATES - Second Lieutenant James W. Steverson, son of the Rev. and Mrs. Orvis J. Steverson of the Potter Methodist parsonage, graduated from officer candidate school at the indoctrination division, Air Training command in San Antonio, Texas, in ceremonies at the Post chapel Dec. 7. Overseas a half year in the African-Middle Eastern theatre, he was a weather forecaster for the Air Transport command. Prior to entering the service he attended high school at Corning and entered the service in July 1940.
ERINCOURT EXHIBITIONS - Recent events and exhibitions al Erincourt Gallery's new address, 127 Elm Street, have proved to be quite successful. Donna Hayes, a new exhibitor from Walworth, New York, recently had a collection of oils and photographs — November 1st through 31st (sic) — She is working on her BS degree in Art Education at SUNY in New Paltz. Some of her works are still on display at the gallery. Most of her landscapes, done in a modern professional style, were done in the Catskills and Adirondacks. She has recently exhibited in Ontario, New York with quite some success. On Nov. 28th, The Gallery displayed the works of the Penn Yan Arts & Crafts Guild — their first Annual Pre-Christmas Show and Sale. The Exhibit will run through the 21st of December. Twenty-seven members of the Guild very kindly lent their works for this exhibition which was in memoriam to Fanny Hunter Hall and all proceeds of the sale have been turned over to the Rushville Clinic. On December 22nd through January 15th, the Gallery will display the works of Bill Madden . A retrospective exhibit of 46 paintings loaned by his wife will be on display. They are all for sale. Mr. Madden was the founder of the Penn Yan Arts and Crafts Guild and his works were quite well known in the Penn Yan Area.
GYPSY MOTH CONTROL IS VITAL PROJECT - The urgent need to control the gypsy moth, the most destructive forest pest known in the Eastern United States, has led to a cooperative research program between the N.Y. State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Last year the larvae of this pest defoliated almost one-half million acres in New York State. According to Prof. Joseph L. Saunders and Richard A. Goyer, co-directors of the Cornell project, the gypsy moth has infested most of New England and eastern New York and is presently moving westward across the State. Evergreens can be killed by a single defoliation, they noted, and susceptible hardwoods, such as oak, birch and apple trees, can be killed by two successive attacks of the gypsy moth. "The Cornell research project, which is just getting underway," Saunders said, ''will focus on saving the 'high value' trees of urban areas, small parks and recreational grounds. We will avoid using conventional sprays that may injure urban environments." To do this the Cornell entomologists will examine a series of systemic pesticides that can be injected into individual trees or the soil beneath them. The technique will not be suitable for forests. "Our first studies will test whether an experimental pesticide is transferred from the point of application to the susceptible leaves," explained Saunders


Because we do not directly feel the effects of electromagnetic pollution and physical symptoms don't manifest immediately, it is difficult for us to draw a connection between these symptoms and their root cause. It would be nice if symptoms were limited to colds. But because these influences are constant and everywhere, our bodies eventually buckle from accumulated stress. Sometimes we become symptomatic before this happens. But even if we are symptomatic, we may not recognise the symptoms because we chalk them up to everyday stress and viruses.


Creating tables that use stumps for pedestals or slabs for tops has been around for a while now. These pieces usually go in the category of rustic furniture but they have an attraction for some because they put on display a chunk of raw nature. Polish up a redwood slab, pour a thick acrylic finish on it, stick it on a stump, and that's the cat's meow. Admirers can always be found, although I can't say I am one of them.
The famous maker, George Nakashima, showed a more sensitive approach. He carefully chose highly figured natural edge timbers that he incorporated into thoughtfully designed, skillfully crafted pieces of furniture that are now highly sought after by collectors. His reverence for the material reached an almost spiritual level, and his influence can be seen in the work of contemporary makers who continue to incorporate natural, "live edge" boards and slabs into their own work.
In fact, natural edge furniture seems to be all the rage these days. I asked my wife if she understood the why behind this popularity, but those wiggly, organic edges don't really resonate with her. I think it is a way for city dwellers to connect with a bit of the natural world and bring it into the urban environment. I like a touch of that naturalism myself, but since I live and work in the country, surrounded by nature, and work primarily in solid wood, I already get my fill of the raw, debarked edge. As I write this post I think there is a little armadillo on my porch drinking water out of the cat's bowl and a wren hatching her eggs in one of our hanging baskets.
Along with beautiful figure and color the natural edge mesquite also offers knots, checks, and insect holes.
The slanting vertical board below the interior shelf has holes drilled in it to accept metal pins that will support hand guns for display.
Drawer and door pulls were sculpted from cocobolo.
The upper section of this cabinet is put together with unglued interlocking joints so that the top can be lifted off, and the side sections can then be separated from the back. In other words the entire cabinet can be broken down into smaller sections that make it easier to move this piece. It can be assembled or disassembled by two people in about five minutes time.
The couple who commissioned me to build this cabinet liked it so much that they have asked me to make a new one just like it for another family member. To see more of my furniture, please visit my gallery page.
Oh, here is that armadillo I mentioned.
That is the nicest Gun cabinet I've yet seen. What a great use of the wood. When I lived in Arizona, I always used Mesquite and Iron Wood when I could get large enough lumber.
Thanks so much for taking the time to comment. I enjoy the color, beauty, and even the natural defects in mesquite. A few years ago Texas A&I University tried farming mesquite- planting, watering, etc. They got nice straight trees, but the lumber was very plain and boring. I guess those weather extremes most mesquite goes through here in the Southwest is what imparts character and beauty to it. All the best!
Beautiful!!! You're truly an artist! I love the color, it's really manly 🙂 By the way, do you make other furniture aside from gun cabinets? I want to makeover my patio and I want a unique wood chairs. Please let me know.
Thank you very much for commenting. I have been making every kind of furniture imaginable in wood for the past 30 years. Please visit my website to see more examples of my work.
I would love to discuss a possible chair for your patio. Please email or call at your convenience.
very same area of interest as yours and my users would really benefit from some of the information you present here.
You are certainly welcome to quote from any of my posts. Would love to see your blog. Can you provide a link or address? Thanks.


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More than 5,000 people have died in the Central African Republic in the past 9 months.
Sources: AP via ''Washington Post
The United Nations Security Council extends an arms embargo and targeted sanctions on the Central African Republic for another year. China was the only UNSC member to abstain from the vote.
At least 14 people are killed at a religious site in Bambari, Central African Republic, amid clashes between armed groups and security forces.
Two men accused of leading a Christian-majority Anti-balaka group in the Central African Republic that targeted Muslims plead not guilty at the start of their trial at the International Criminal Court.
The constitutional court of the Central African Republic confirms the re-election of President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, despite a voter turnout of only 35.25 percent. The low turnout was attributed to the hindrance of polling stations from operating and voters unable to cast their ballots as various armed groups currently control roughly two-thirds of the country, thus prompting most opposition candidates and activists to call the election farce and fraudulent.
A coalition of rebel groups briefly seize the city of Bambari from the Central African Republic government and United Nations before being driven off in a UN counter-offensive.
A Rwandan United Nations peacekeeper was killed and two others wounded in an ambush on a convoy in Nana-Mambéré, Central African Republic.
Pope Francis travels to a besieged Muslim neighborhood known as PK5 in the Central African Republic, a country wracked by sectarian violence. This visit is part of Francis's message of peace and reconciliation. As a result of the violence over the last two years, most of the capital Bangui's 100,000-plus Muslims have fled; now only 15,000 remain.
The transitional National Assembly of the Central African Republic chooses Catherine Samba-Panza as the interim President, making her the country's first female head of state.
After yesterday's attack, preserve park authorities discover that twenty-six elephants, including four calves, were killed by poachers in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in the Central African Republic.
Two French Triangle workers who were kidnapped in Birao, Central African Republic last November are released in Darfur.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Vol. 11 No. 26 (2012) /
Photosynthetic characterization of a rolled leaf mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
W Li-feng
F Hao
J Yun-He
DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.181
Keywords: Malonaldehyde (MDA), photosynthetic characterization, rice, rolling leaf mutant.
A new rolling leaf rice mutant was identified which showed an apparently straighter longitudinal shape normal transverse rolling characters at all developing stages. The chlorophyll contents per fresh weight of this mutant leaves were lower than those of wild-type. The electron transfer rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP) were a little higher than those of wild-type. However, because of significant increase of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the maximal photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the efficiency of excitation energy trapping by open PSII reaction centers in the light–adapted state (Fv'/Fm') were lower than those of wild-type. Low temperature fluorescence analysis showed that rolling leaf mutant assigned more excited energy to photosystem I (PSI) than to PSII. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, soluble sugar content, proline content and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of the rolling leaf mutant were nearly 39.4, 91.2, 96.7 and 143.7% of those of wild-type, respectively. The great increase of MDA content suggests that membrane lipid system was damaged in rolling leaf mutant leaves. These results indicate that rolling leaf mutant decrease the efficiency of light utilization compared to the wild-type. This was because of the reduction of leaf area and chlorophyll contents, and the dissipation of more excitation energy as NPQ as a result of avoiding potential damage of membrane structure.
Key words: Malonaldehyde (MDA), photosynthetic characterization, rice, rolling leaf mutant.


text:
Q: Are all statistical models also causal models? I'm just starting to learn about causal inference methods, focused on Pearl's do-calculus.
So the point between Pearl's causal graphs and rules for manipulating causal graphs appears to be to turn a causal graph into a statistical model (e.g. a linear regression).
So you might have a causal graph such as $Z \rightarrow X, X \rightarrow M, M \rightarrow Y, Z \rightarrow Y$  (Z is a confounder of X and Y, but X also partially causes Y through M).

If my aim is to figure out the causal effect of X on Y and I just did the naive thing and setup a linear regression with $Y = aX + e$ and tried to estimate a regression coefficient, then of course I would get a biased estimate due to the presence of the confounder Z. On the other hand, if I do $Y = aX + bM + cZ + e$, then I will block the effect of X by conditioning on the mediator M. So again, knowing the causal graph will tell me to condition on Z but not on M, i.e. $Y = aX + cZ + e$ is the correct statistical model that allows me to estimate a causal effect.
But is $Y = aX + cZ + e$ (as a regression model, not a math equation) also a causal model (albeit a "wrong" causal model)? If I manipulate $X$ it tells me what happens to $Y$. Doesn't it correspond to the causal graph $X \rightarrow Y, Z \rightarrow Y$ ? If so, then is the Pearl method just finding a transform of a causal graph into another causal graph that is easier to work with or represent as a regression?
edit: I think my causal graph analysis in this simple example is wrong, but hopefully the broader point is still clear
edit #2:
If I write a model $Y + aX + bZ + e$ in a programming language, I could do so as a function, e.g. in Python
 def model(a,X,c,Z):
     return a*X + b*Z + np.random.randn()

So if I change the input $X$, it will cause the output of $model(...)$ to change, but I cannot do the opposite. Isn't that a causal model?

A:
But is $Y = aX + cZ + e$ (as a regression model, not a math equation) also a causal model (albeit a "wrong" causal model)? If I manipulate $X$ it tells me what happens to $Y$. Doesn't it correspond to the causal graph $X \rightarrow Y, Z \rightarrow Y$ ?

It may correspond to the causal graph $X \rightarrow Y, Z \rightarrow Y$...
... But it can just as well be $Y \rightarrow X, Y \rightarrow Z$.
Statistical models are present wherever there are causal models, but those statistical models are not equivalent/identical to the causal models themselves.
A statistical model only describes the correlation, and it does not (need to) describe the causation. You can describe and fit statistical models without a description of an underlying causal model.
Or at least, certainly the statistical model alone does not tell you anything about the causation (except that there is some underlying causal mechanism, but we do not know which). In this sense it is not equivalent to a causal model.
You could see a statistical model as the shadow of a causal model.

Edit

If I write a model $Y + aX + bZ + e$ in a programming language, I could do so as a function, e.g. in Python
 def model(a,X,c,Z):
     return a*X + b*Z + np.random.randn()```

In this case you are programming a causal model and not a statistical model. You are specifically defining the random noise as being added to the a*X+b*Z. But this does not need to be the case in order to get that there is a relation:
$$ Y|X,Z \sim N(aX + bZ, \sigma^2)$$
Consider the data below

The statistical model is that X and Y follow a bivariate distribution. But can you tell the causal model from it? Do we have $X = aY + \text{noise}$ or do we have $Y = aX +\text{noise}$ ? They can result in the same statistical distribution, but the causal models are different.

A:
edit: I think my causal graph analysis in this simple example is
wrong, but hopefully the broader point is still clear

To the extent that you correctly identified that M is a mediator and Z is a confounder, your analysis is correct. If this is the right causal model (based either on background knowledge or causal discovery), there is only one thing you didn't mention explicitly: X is not a direct cause of Y. You can measure some total effect due to the effect mediated through M, but if you control M, you can make X and Y independent (Markov property).

A:
Are all statistical models also causal models?

No, they aren't.

So the point between Pearl's causal graphs and
rules for manipulating causal graphs appears to be to turn a causal
graph into a statistical model (e.g. a linear regression).

This statement, at best, is confusing. The main point of Pearl works is to separate clearly: statistical concepts vs causal concepts. Your question itself reveal that you do not grasped this, not yet. In fact statements like the follow

But is $Y=aX+cZ+e$ (as a regression model, not a math equation) also a
causal model (albeit a "wrong" causal model)? If I manipulate $X$ it
tells me what happens to $Y$. Doesn't it correspond to the causal
graph $X→Y,Z→Y$ ? If so, then is the Pearl method just finding a
transform of a causal graph into another causal graph that is easier
to work with or represent as a regression?

confirm my impression, definitely.
Apart that a regression equation remain a respectable math equation (too much general concept) causal graph do not stay for represent some regression. Worse, the (causal) concept of manipulation cannot apply to regression. Indeed causal graphs represent structural equations and them must be clearly separated from regression  equations. Indeed Pearl underscore repeatedly the opportunity to use different notations.

If I write a model Y+aX+bZ+e in a programming language, I could do so
as a function, e.g. in Python

It looks like a causal model. It is so because the definitions demanded from programming language imply a kind of equal sign that is definitional ($:=$), it is different from the standard equal sign ($=$). The standard equal sign is logically symmetric, the other is not and precisely for this reason it is what a structural equation (causal concept) need.
Said that, the main link between causal and statistical model is about identification (read here:Why do we need identification in causal inference?). For identification purpose Pearl suggest do-calculus (read here:What's the purpose of do-calculus?)
For more details read here:
Under which assumptions a regression can be interpreted causally?
Criticism of Pearl's theory of causality

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Gelila Bekele
Gelila Bekele Biography
Biography by Saburo Published on 08 Oct, 2021 Updated on 08 Oct, 2021
Facts of Gelila Bekele
1986 , September-4
Model,actress, activist,and humanitarian
Affair with
Tyler Perry
View more / View Less Facts of Gelila Bekele
Gelila Bekele is an Ethiopian actress, model, activist, and humanitarian. She is mostly known for her role in the movie Full and has appeared in Various runway shows and in numerous advertisement campaigns. In 2016, she released her first book, Guzo- based on the lives of people of her home country Ethiopia. She has been dating American actor, Tyler Perry since 2009 and shares a son named Aman Tyler. She resides in Mulholland Estates, a gated community in Los Angeles with her partner and son.
Parents, Education, Bio Of Gelila Bekele
Gelila was born on September 4, 1986, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. She spent most of her life shuttling between Europe and the United States with her sibling sister named, Anna Wrossetti. She is of Ethiopian/ American nationality and belongs to the black American ethnicity.
Gelila always dreamt of being a model since her childhood, and it didn't take long for her to start a modeling career. Besides this, Gelila has not disclosed anything regarding her early life, education, childhood, parents, and more.
Gelila Bekele's Professional Career And Wiki
The Full actress Gelila Bekele began her career in 2006 working with Ford Models in New York and Paris. She is currently represented by Women (360) Model Management (New York), and Premium Models (Paris).
Gelila is featured in several beauty campaigns including those for Levi's, Diesel, Tory Burch, Michael Kors, Anna Sui, H&M, Pinko, Pantene, and L'Oreal, and has appeared in leading magazines and numerous other publications.
Gelila has devoted some of her time to aiding people in Ethiopia, as well as globally, through her charity involvements focusing mainly on the issue of fundamental resources, special access to clean water, and education.
Apart from her involvement in beauty campaigns and charity works, she has also worked in some movies which have provided her a good recognition as an actress. She made her appearance as Mulunesh in the film Full in 2009 where she starred alongside Dino Antoniou, Gelila Bekele, Mulugeta Sex work, and others.
Along with acting in the movie, she is presently pursuing her passion as a documentary filmmaker and in this field. Her recent release was Mai: Life is not Honey, which she released in 2015.
Gelila is also the author of the book Guzo! (2016), which documents the daily lives of native Ethiopians.
Gelila Bekele's Net Worth and Salary
Gelila has good earnings from her acting and modeling career. Though Gelila Bekele's net worth and earnings are not disclosed, sources have confirmed that she is leading a lavish lifestyle with her boyfriend Tyler whose net worth is around $600 million. In 2017, Tyler and Bekele moved to a $14.5 million house in Beverly Hills, California.
The couple has a lavish car manufactured by Rolls Royce ($120K). Perry also has a private jet of $125 million. In 2013, he bought Dean Garnes for $7.6 million, which was one of the largest homes in metropolitan Atlanta.
Gelila Bekele's Son, Husbands, And Relationship
Gelila Bekele is unmarried but has been dating her boyfriend for a very long time. She is currently dating Tyler Perry. Her boyfriend, Tyler Perry is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and songwriter. The couple has been dating since 2009. According to People, Bekele and her partner met for the first time in the year 2007. And they officially began dating after a couple of years of courtships.
In 2014, the couple revealed that they were expecting a child together. Bekele gave birth to a son name Amen on November 30, 2014.
Many of their fans are still confused regarding the pair's relationship status. They are often questioned about being married or engaged.
Gelila and Tyler have not shared the photo of their son on social media. Tyler revealed that he wants to keep his son away from the world of social media. He even told that his child is not personally famous.
Age, Height, Weight, and Body Measurements
Age: 32 years old.
Height: She stands at a height of 5 feet 7 inches (1.75 m).
Weight: She weighs around 61 kg (134 lbs).
Bra Size: 32B.
Body Build: Pear Shaped
Body Measurements: 33-24-35 inches.
Shoe Size: 6
Ethiopian Model
Ethiopian actor
Ethiopian activist


I do mine to 8 liters, and check it.
Usually takes the full spec'd 8.5 liters.
IIRC, you are in Cali?
Check out ecodetuning.com for Motul 8100 E-Tech.
Do to shipping, I'm switching over to locally available Pentosin "PentoSpeed" 501.03 synthetic.
I recommend sticking with Group IV ("real") synthetics v. the US marketed Group III synthetics which really aren't technically synthetic - they are hydrocracked.
Motul, ELF, Pentosin, Amsoil are Group IV to name a few.
I just changed my oil last Sunday and would like to add a few thoughts.
I always insert the new filter into the housing the car and then insert the bottom cap followed by screwing it in. I've found that inserting the filter into the cap first makes it harder to screw in the cap. Well lubricating the two rubber seals in the filter also helps.
I also torque all parts as per VW specs. Which is kind of a PITA since some of them are pretty low and requires two different wrenches.
When I got my car I guess it had the factory Oil on it. I change to amsoil and it warms up much quicker than the regular. I use to wait almost 3 to 5 minutes when it was cold outside now it takes a minute. I may help some of you living in the north like i use to do.


Simple, affordable life and disability insurance for HIV Positive or Diabetic individuals. No waiting period and up to R 5 million cover available. Premiums from R 150 per month. With us you can look forward to being treated as an individual with unique life insurance needs. If you have any concerns or queries regarding a life insurance policy or level of cover please do not hesitate to contact AllLife directly for more information. Please take the time to read the terms and condtions carefully so that you understand what you are purchasing.
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Seeking funding partner to obtain a licensing agreement with an existing manufacturer for My Smart Shower, a retrofit double shower system.
We are a consumer product developement company committed to develop innovative products and services to the global market. With over 50 product and business ideas Joseph & Associates plans are to license and bring to market the ``My SmartShower`` retrofit shower system and accessory program. Our market includes couples, families, elderly and the all occasions gift market. Email inquires to mysmartshower@telus.net or call 250-469-1916 anytime.


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Ben H. Marshall (1907-1969) biographical file
Biographical file includes a manuscript written by Dr. Marshall's son, Ben Marshall, Jr., concerning his father's experiences as a surgeon during World War II. Copies of Dr. Marshall's original letters concerning his war experiences are included, as are many photographs.
Ben H. Marshall, M.D., graduated from Vanderbilt Medical School in 1935, and he established a medical/surgical practice in Fayetteville, TN. In 1942 he joined the Vanderbilt 300th General Hospital Unit and served in Italy until October 1945. Dr. Marshall served as a key member of the 300th General Hospital 15th Evac Surgical Team April 1945 in Italy's Apennine Mountains in support of the 5th Army 10th Mountain Division. His son, Ben Marshall Jr., documents his father's surgical accomplishments in an unpublished manuscript entitled, "Italy 1945-the Final Push." This manuscript is available in Historical Collections, Eskind Biomedical Library.
Vanderbilt University--Alumni
Marshall, Ben H., M.D. (1907-1969)
Marshall, Ben H., M.D. (1907-1969). Eskind Biomedical Library Special Collections, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Marshall, Ben H., M.D. (1907-1969). Eskind Biomedical Library Special Collections, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/4/resources/105 Accessed January 28, 2023.


The Bruneian Dollar is the currency of Brunei Darussalam. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Brunei Darussalam Dollar exchange rate is the USD to BND rate. The currency code for Dollars is BND, and the currency symbol is $. Below, you'll find Bruneian Dollar rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog, or take BND rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.
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Hi, I'm Andrew Bailey, originally from the UK, born in Hampshire, but moved to Australia in 1990. I now am married with three boys under nine and live in Melbourne. For most of my career, and until recently, I have been the CTO at Tantalus which I co-founded in 1994.
My first real experience with computers was on a friends ZX81 (I know, boo) and we would modify games we typed in from magazine listings. My parents bought me a VIC-20 with the extra 8K, and then I moved on to the C64 when it first came out (pre-ordered).
For the main, my C64 career was as an indie, to use current terminology. In other words, I wrote my own games and then submitted them to publishers, although I ended up pretty well exclusive with Firebird. One game was a port from the BBC Micro, but that was the exception.
Well, it was the bees knees at the time. It had sprites large enough to actually draw something in, real audio potential, and a massive 64K of RAM. Combined with a few raster tricks (like sprites in the border), it was the first machine that artists could actually get involved in. It attracted more than those that found hex conversions in your head exciting. It was the birth of indie game development; previous ZX81 titles and such were only sold in computer magazines. Give the Spectrum some credit, but would game development ever escaped in-house development of Atari and Nintendo without the C64?
Comment: First ever game, written in BASIC. Self-published (with a friend) to one retailer; our local bookshop.
Comment: First 98 percent assembler game in good old 6502. The score print was the only thing in BASIC. The assembler was written using a machine code monitor which is half way between machine code and an assembler.
Comment: 100 percent assembler (I discovered BCD). I did graphics and audio as well (but probably shouldn't have).
Comment: A conversion from a BBC micro game. In those days, a port was a total rewrite as there was no such thing as a HAL or portable languages.
Comment: A real C64 game at last! I used a proper assembler that actually ran on the C64 for the first time. Don't complain about compile times until you have a 1MHz machine doing the work! It's normally compared to Gauntlet, but is actually a very different game. The original game took about five weeks, the Spectrum port took about a week.
Comment: The sequel took the adventure aspect further as it introduced plot and puzzle aspects. However, its main claim to fame is probably that this is the Amiga port that brought Peter Molyneux into games development.
I only worked for myself at my parents home.
In my bedroom, using my bed as a desk for manuals and game designs. The C64 was on one of those cheap computer desks.
I mainly did my own originals, so I was never assigned a game or even sought such work. However, my producer at Firebird did spring one port on me, Microcosm, which took two weeks I think.
For the games prior to Druid, I used a machine code monitor which basically was just a slightly more friendly way to enter assembler than raw numbers. For Druid and Druid II, I used a proper macro assembler which was a blessing for generating those unrolled scroller routines. For art, I developed a couple of art packages that used the Koala pad for character and sprites.
I did start on a sequel to Demons of Topaz called Cobber. It involved a hammer instead of a boomerang.
Druid is definitely my number one C64 game. Demons of Topaz was probably the biggest challenge as it was my first scroller and only using a monitor for code entry.
I would change the audio on Demons of Topaz!
Ghosts'n Goblins. But the C64 version was done very well.
Super Pipeline was a favourite. I spent lots of hours there. Dropzone as well, especially when the C64 was hooked up to the stereo.
I have to give credit to John Menzies here. We went to school together and he helped me with Headache. Very talented guy. And hi to Dene Carter and Dave Hanlon.
There was the London show of 1986 where Druid was on show. I got to hang in the Firebird stand and wear the t-shirt thanks to my producer Tony Beckwith. Well, it was cool if you were 18. I still have the t-shirt!
The Amiga and University. Both of these found little time left for my C64. I had the machine set up in my first year digs and tried to start writing an adventure game, but didn't get past choosing the theme music. The Amiga arrived in my second year and Dpaint ruled!
After moving to Australia, and after co-founding Tantalus Entertainment, I have eventually left there to start it all again with Drop Spider (www.dropspider.com.au). I'm currently doing a Druid reboot called Golem Crusades (www.golemcrusades.com). This actual day, I'm filtering shadows in a deferred render. Now, that's a bit of a jump from 6502-ing on a C64!
I just want to unashamedly plug my Druid article at www.golemcrusades.com/druid.html and the Facebook fan group www.facebook.com/pages/Druid-and-Golems/257842298899?ref=mf.


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Vaguinho, właśc. Wagno de Freitas (ur. 11 lutego 1950 w Sete Lagoas) – piłkarz brazylijski grający na pozycji napastnika.

Kariera klubowa
Vaguinho karierę piłkarską rozpoczął w klubie Clube Atlético Mineiro w 1968 roku. Z Atlético Mineiro zdobył mistrzostwo stanu Minas Gerais – Campeonato Mineiro w 1970 roku. W najdłuższy okres w karierze Vaguinho stanowi gra w Corinthians Paulista. W Corinthians 8 sierpnia 1971 w wygranym 4-1 wyjazdowym meczu z Santa Cruz Recife Vaguinho zadebiutował w lidze brazylijskiej. Był to udany debiut, czego dowodem jest bramka Vaguinho. Z Corinthians dwukrotnie zdobył mistrzostwo stanu São Paulo – Campeonato Paulista w 1977 i 1979 roku. Łącznie w barwach Timão Vaguinho rozegrał 548 spotkań, w których strzelił 108 bramek.

W 1981 roku na krótko powrócił do Atlético Mineiro, z którym zdobył mistrzostwo stanu. W 1982 roku występował w EC Santo André, po czym przeniósł się do Ponte Preta Campinas, gdzie zakończył karierę w 1985 roku. W Ponte Preta 3 kwietnia 1985 w zremisowanym 2-2 meczu z Brasil Pelotas Vaguinho po raz ostatni wystąpił w lidze. Ogółem w latach 1971–1985 w lidze brazylijskiej wystąpił w 199 meczach, w których strzelił 25 bramek.

Kariera reprezentacyjna
Vaguinho w reprezentacji Brazylii zadebiutował 19 grudnia 1968 w wygranym 3-2 towarzyskim meczu z reprezentacją Jugosławii. W tym meczu Vaguinho w 32 min. strzelił pierwszą bramkę w meczu. Ostatni raz w reprezentacji wystąpił 31 lipca 1971 w zremisowanym 2-2 meczu z reprezentacją Argentyny w Copa Julio Roca 1971, który Brazylia zdobyła. Ogółem w latach 1968–1971 Vaguinho w reprezentacji wystąpił w 7 meczach, w których zdobył jedną bramkę.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Miniencyklopedia Piłka Nożna 11-12/2004, roz. Historia meczów reprezentacji Brazylii 1914–2004, cz. 5 (1957–2004), Oficyna wydawnicza ATUT, Wrocław 2004, ISSN 1644-8189, s. 20, 24.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil
 Profil
 Statystyki kariery
 Biografia na galodigital.com.br (port.)

Reprezentanci Brazylii w piłce nożnej
Piłkarze Atlético Mineiro
Piłkarze SC Corinthians Paulista
Piłkarze EC Santo André
Piłkarze AA Ponte Preta
Urodzeni w 1950

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You're just going to love it on WordPress! 🙂 Very cute design too!
Thanks! I'm still figuring some things out, but I think I'll love WordPress, too!
Looks great, Ginny! You're a better woman than I. The thought of moving my blog (and I've thought about it) is just too daunting, more than I can bear. Good luck!
Finally! I guess I had to moderate comments, so that's why your comments didn't show up. I still have a lot to figure out!


Every week is a struggle. A struggle with your mind and body to either order pizza or not to order pizza. It's the eternal question. Pizza is amazing and it has been said that if you ever meet someone who says that they don't like pizza you shouldn't trust them. Pizza parlors all over the country (and the world) are constantly creating funny signs that feed into our collective pizza addiction. So consider this gallery of funny pizza signs as an opportunity to put pizza in its place. Which is your mouth. If you can make it through this entire gallery without ordering a pizza online, that's a giant step in the right direction for your gut, but maybe not for your happiness.


The Palmetto Moravian Fellowship is the only Moravian place of worship in South Carolina.
In the fall of 1990, a group of Moravians in the upstate of South Carolina met for the first time to share a meal and fellowship. It was decided that they would meet one Sunday evening each month in a home belonging to one of the group members for supper, and afterward have a time of prayer and worship. Not long after the meetings began, the Moravian Church recognized the group as an "official Fellowship." It was then arranged for Rev. F. Herbert Weber, a retired Moravian minister, to travel from Charlotte, NC, to Spartanburg, SC, to lead worship at the monthly gatherings. A short time later, two services each month were held, and in 1993, worship services were held each Sunday morning.
The Fellowship received two gifts along the way. The first came from Central United Methodist Church, Spartanburg, SC, with an offer to use their chapel anytime the Fellowship wished and it soon became "home." The second was received from Rev. John Bullard, PhD, a member of the Department of Religion at Wofford College, Spartanburg, and an accomplished organist. He offered to be the Fellowship's organist and continues to do so. He also serves on the Board of the Moravian Music Foundation, Southern Province for the Moravian Church, Winston-Salem, NC. Central United Methodist Church and Dr. Bullard continue to be strong supporters.
The Fellowship reaches out to the local community by sharing Moravian traditions. They host Advent Lovefeast and Candlelight services each year; one in First Presbyterian Church of Spartanburg's chapel, and one in the sanctuary of Central United Methodist Church. Lovefeasts in commemoration of Moravian events are also held in the Cannon Memorial Chapel of Central United Methodist Church where the Fellowship worships each Sunday morning, 9:00 a.m.


1. Tuner tool (home page).
It's based on GStreamer and KISS FFT library to perform a fourier transform on a signal and extract fundamental frequency. The version 0.0.2 has a piano keyboard to generate reference tones.
This is an adaptation of popular archivator for Nokia770.
There were just a couple applets in the first version of Nokia 770. Now you can use Bluetooth plugin, CPU/Mem/Screenshot applet or IpHome homepage-plugin. Additioanlly, linux geeks will be glade to use VIM, Midnight Commander, Links, IRSSI IRC client, Rdesktop. Developers can use Python or SmallBASIC.
All those applications and even more you can find in the Maemo Application Catalog or in the alternative repositories. The brief but informative explanation howto work with Nokia770 can be find in the article "Linux on the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet".


Eiden, Herman George. Building exterior. 1940-11. University of Houston Libraries. University of Houston Digital Library. Web. April 24, 2019. https://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/2016_008/item/817.
Eiden, Herman George, Building exterior, 1940-11, Herman George Eiden Papers, University of Houston Libraries, accessed April 24, 2019, https://digital.lib.uh.edu/collection/2016_008/item/817.


Polished – a dental studio, offers implant dentistry services to restore decayed or missing teeth. Dental implants are a great way to improve your smile and maintain good oral health–without changing the structure of your mouth. We work with all of our patients to individualize treatment plans and walk you through the entire process.
What qualifies me for dental implants?
If you are missing teeth due to periodontal disease, decay, or an injury, dental implants are an excellent way to restore your smile. Dental implants not only cosmetically improve your smile, but can also improve your speech and eating habits. To ensure the success of your implants, your dentist will determine if you have the sufficient bone density and gum health necessary to support the implants. This can be determined within the initial free consultation.
The implant functions as a replacement tooth root, supporting a removable replacement tooth customized to match your natural teeth. Dental implants look and function just like real teeth, offering a permanent replacement of teeth, and can replace either single or multiple teeth. Getting a dental implant is a great option when one does not want a dental bridge or dentures.
Will I still need to brush and floss my teeth?
Yes, it is extremely important that you keep up good oral hygiene practices after your implants are in place. Regular brushing, flossing, and visits to the dentist are necessary for good oral hygiene. Failure to maintain good oral hygiene can cause infection and lead to implant failure. Smoking can also cause implant failure.
If you are interested in learning more about dental implants, contact us at 773-697-9861. We offer free consultations and will help you through the entire process. We are currently offering an implant special discount: $2800 start to finish (with final crown).


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Chester & Cheshire News
University of Chester archaeology students start annual dig at Grosvenor Park this week
The university is carrying out initiative in partnership with Cheshire West and Chester Council
Cheshire Live
Archaeologists from Cheshire West and Chester Council and the University of Chester will start their annual training dig in Grosvenor Park on Thursday, May 2
It's more important than ever to stay informed - Get the free CheshireLive newsletter direct to your inbox
Archaeologists from Cheshire West and Chester Council and the University of Chester start their annual training dig in Grosvenor Park for second year archaeology students on Thursday, May 2.
Grosvenor Park has been chosen because it sits next to two significant historical monuments, the Roman amphitheatre and the medieval Church of St John the Baptist.
Both of these have had an influence on the development of the park and more importantly on the intriguing archaeology that lies beneath.
During previous years students have discovered: a Roman road leading across the park to the amphitheatre, a large building destroyed during the English Civil War; and two very wide ditches running north-south across the park.
The building seems to have been associated with St John's, probably part of the medieval hospital and chapel of St Anne which was acquired by Sir Hugh Cholmondeley in the late 16th century and developed as part of his grand home in the city.
University of Chester professor features on Channel 4 TV documentary
This year the students want to discover more about the large building and to find more evidence for the civilian settlement that grew up around the Roman fortress.
They want to find out more about the role of the ditches - did they mark the boundaries of areas of the city? They also hope to uncover evidence for the elusive Saxon Chester.
Lisa Harris, director of places strategy at Cheshire West and Chester Council, said: "We are delighted once again to take part in this partnership project with the University of Chester.
"It will not only provide essential experience for the students but also reinforce our commitment to making the historic environment of west Cheshire a great place in which to live and visit."
The training dig is open for public viewing from May 2 until May 31, 9.30am to 4.30pm Monday to Friday (except bank holidays and between 12.30-1.30pm). The site will also be open to view on Sunday, June 2 during Deva Triathlon.
An open afternoon will be taking place from 1-4.30pm on May 29 giving the chance to see first-hand what the students have found and to learn more about the archaeology of this corner of Chester.
Last Kingdom and Holby City actor to star in Grosvenor Park Open Air Theatre in Chester
Dr Amy Gray Jones, senior lecturer in archaeology at the University of Chester, said: "It's with great excitement that our students start a new season of excavation in Grosvenor Park.
"As an integral part of their archaeology degree it provides a great opportunity for them to develop their skills and experience whilst their discoveries bring them face to face with the changing nature of life in Chester over its long history.
Other University of Chester Stories
University cheerleaders make TV debut
University stages football festival
Rowathon success for uni students
Lecturer swims Channel for brave boy
"We're particularly eager to find out more about the mysterious ditches uncovered last year and whether they can add to our knowledge of the immediate post-Roman occupation of Chester which is much less well understood."
The training dig is a partnership project between the archaeologists from Cheshire West and Chester Council's Cultural Service (Grosvenor Museum) and the University of Chester and is an essential part of the students' archaeology degree course.
Further information and updates will be available on the students' Dig Blog during the excavation at: http://univchester-parkdig.blogspot.co.uk/
CheshireLive
Grosvenor Museum
Grosvenor Park Open Air Theatre


CNBC recently spoke with producer Brian Glazer during an evolution of Hollywood segment and was asked about one of his first movies, "Splash," and Glazer dropped a bomb.
OK, so Glazer has confirmed that they are working on a remake of "Splash", "possibly" called "Wet", it will be told from the point of view of the mermaid, there is a Hollywood star involved and there is a twist. Any ideas of who could be starring as Madison, the mermaid in "Splash" originally played by Daryl Hannah, and what the twist could be? Some actresses names that come to mind for me are Emma Stone and Margot Robbie. As for the twist, maybe Madison stays instead of returning to the sea?
The original movie "Splash" brought about a few "firsts". When it was released in 1984, it was Disney's first movie under the Touchtone Pictures banner, which was also Disney's first adult romantic comedy. It was also Tom Hanks first theatrical movie. The movie was directed by Ron Howard and starred Tom Hanks as a man who as a child was rescued by a young mermaid from drowning. He is later reunited with her many years later and a romance is developed and soon Madison(Daryl Hannah) must make a choice to either stay with the man she loves or return to her her life at sea as a mermaid.
Maybe the twist is that this version will be a gender swap and will be shown from the view point of a merman who meets a human woman. The Tom Hanks role will be played by an actress and the Daryl Hannah role will be a male actor.
Good idea. I was thinking that this morning too. I know there was a really bad sequel called Splash Too. Would be nice if they did a real sequel with Tom Hanks and Daryl Hannah returning to the human world. Maybe. But doubt it would happen.
Please no LGBT characters. We've already sworn off watching "Finding Dory".


New Song "Count Me As Down"
My latest song is here! Check it out below, it's called "Count Me As Down."
This song takes place during a reunion of old friends. They're meeting on the beach to party and reminisce about their past, and wonder what's to come in the future. The whole song is based off of a five day party that my friends and I had in Cape Cod (Cape Todd for those who are aware of what that is, RIP). We had just graduated high school and were celebrating our freedom from that institution. The cover is a picture from that trip, with a friend of mine drinking from the "Dizzy Bat" (Go look it up it's a blast!) on the evening beach. I miss most of my high school friends greatly, as we're separated by great distances for the most part. This song reminds me of how great we had it, and hopefully that more times like this will come.
Anyway, hope you love the song! Join my newsletter to stay up to date and get to be the first to listen to new releases.
Enter your e-mail to get first listens and news about updates on projects, shows, and my life!


It goes without saying that keeping your living and working environment free of dust, dirt and unpleasant odour is high on the list of priorities when it comes to cleaning. Flat surfaces are cleaned and polished, washrooms are disinfected, kitchens are degreased and floors and walls are wiped down, but when it comes to the carpet why do we always stop at a quick once over vacuum?
It may not seem it but one of the most important areas to maintain is the carpet. A regular carpet cleaning maintenance plan not only improves the appearance of your carpet and business, it can also extend the life of your carpet as well as provide a far healthier environment.
The first step in great carpet care is all about the maintenance – basically vacuuming regularly, keeping the dirt outside and removing and any spills as quickly as possible. This is perfect to keep floors generally clean but no matter how exceptional your housekeeping habits are – your carpet will still need a deep clean occasionally.
What are the benefits to deep cleaning carpets?
Carpets act like a trap – keeping dust and allergens out of the air we breathe. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, a dirty carpet can retain several sources of indoor air pollutants from everyday dust and dirt to pet dander, lead and particle pollution. Toxic airborne gases can adhere to these particles and also get trapped within the carpet. These toxic gases can be released through everyday activities such as just walking across the carpet, which then contaminate the air.
Simply put, what falls on to the carpet tends to stay trapped in the carpet until it is removed - through either vacuuming or professional cleaning.
Dust mites themselves aren't allergens, but they often leave behind faeces and body fragments that are. Because the creatures are microscopic you may have an infestation without being aware!
Due to the size of these particles they can easily be inhaled when the carpeted area is being disturbed – which then can exacerbate allergies. Where are dust mites likely to thrive? Cool, dark carpeted areas out of direct exposure to sunlight so when cleaning make sure you concentrate on corners, underneath objects and in dimly lit rooms.
Especially in areas with high humidity levels, dirty carpets are at a high risk of developing mould growth when exposed to moisture. In precipitous weather, moisture frequently gets tracked into the carpet and can sink deep in the carpet fibers if not dried and vacuumed immediately.
By eliminating moisture through a regular cleaning routine you will prevent any mould growth – which can be harmful if ignored for too long.
How should I clean my carpets?
To ensure your carpets are well cleaned, we recommend using an upright vacuum (not tub vac) with a rotating brush which will lift out any dry dirt that is deep within carpet pile. When vacuuming, always vacuum in a north to south, east to west direction making sure all areas are covered and gone over.
As for deep carpet cleaning, your choice of method - whether this is low moisture, hot water extraction, encapsulation or any other alternatives depends upon the area being cleaned, the condition of the carpet and how your business operates. For more information, and to see if dry carpet cleaning is right for you, our blog post 'what is dry carpet cleaning' will be a great place to start.


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New to Petzl ?
Pro Purchase Program
Tech tips Tech tips by activity Rock climbing Length of my new rope and the middle of the rope
Length of my new rope and the middle of the rope
The cut length of a rope varies around 4%. This variability is mainly a result of the rope's elasticity, which has an effect on the measured length before it is cut. Petzl uses the UIAA measurement method.
Petzl's position is to guarantee that its new ropes are of the minimum rated length. For example, a new Petzl 50 meter rope might measure between a minimum of 50 meters and a maximum of 52 meters. Another example, a new Petzl 70 meter rope might measure between a minimum of 70 meters and a maximum of 73 meters. As with the position of the middle of the rope, you can observe a gap between the two ends of your rope 1.2 m.
Primary dangers when using a rope
Change in the length of my rope after use
Petzl contact USA
info@petzl.com


For those without comedic tastes, the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article very remotely related to Prince of Persia.
Originally created as a piece of educational software, designed to teach children the basic (and dangerous) skills of fencing and climbing onto ledges approximately seven feet off the ground, Prince of Persia achieved a modest success in the 90s due to its innovative use of real actors. Prior to the game's development, all videogame characters had been played by puppets or other automata, but PoP pioneered the use of live-actors, allowing the game portray it's protagonist in more fluid, realistic way.
Acting within video games meant that new demands were forced upon the acting community. Such demands include but are not limited to being forced to have their features 'pixelised' through the use of 'blunt force trauma'and/or surgery.
Other Problems for the Acting Community included the replacement of the Prince's character. After so many rewinds, falling into pits and being squished under giant naked things, the PoP team often fired and rehired less beaten, more beautiful men and/or women to continue the Prince's role.
File:Poi copy.jpg The ongoing debate over the historical accuracy of the Prince of Persia games is mainly centered on what time-period that game encompasses, and whether or not skeletons could really hold swords. The first of these is subject to much controversy, with Jordan Mechner, the game's author, remaining frustratingly vague: "I dunno. The Disney one?"
The second point has been rendered almost 'moot' by the interposition of the world's most foremost authority on undead footsoldiers, Ray Harryhausen, unambiguously stating "Yes, they maybe probably could." and George A. Romero adding "Of course It's possible! If Zombies can wield guns then skeletons can hold swords... now leave me, I must prepare for the outbreak!"
Every alert to potential racial flashpoints, certain pressure groups have highlighted the game's beard-curling, hand-rubbing, daughter-abducting vizier, 'Jaffar', as a negative portrayal of an Islamic figure: "If, as Mr Mechner clearly states, the game IS set in post-Sassanid-era Iran, then the portrayal of the vizier character is clearly of a defamatory nature, and offensive to Muslims." Fumes Martha Worthington-Smythe, of the CAIR.
The game's original publisher, Brüderbründ, still make small wooden toys for blind children, and were told by the current licence-holders, Ubißöft, to stand up and defend themselves like men. "As Mr Mechner has clearly stated, the game is set in Sassanid-era Iran, and as such is only offensive to Zoroastrians. Who have no pressure-groups." Retorts Michel Duns-Neblar, Chief Chisel Engineer for Broderbund.
Warning: The following text might contain spoilers. This makes the article more aerodynamic, and thus more maneuverable at high speeds. Take caution and carry a first-aid kit at all times if you don't know that Gandalf dies and then reappears in Fangorn Forest in the next book, O'Brien was an agent of the Ministry of Love, Jesus comes back to life after three days, Don Corleone survives the shootout, Deckard is a Replicant, too, Prufrock isn't Prince Hamlet, Sasuke eventually kills Orochimaru, Luigi's Mansion is an illusion, Captain America bequethed his shield to Stephen Colbert, Henry testifies against his best friend and goes into the Witness Protection Program, Springtime for Hitler is a huge success, Curly Brace gives you her air tank after the core room floods, M. Bison was the killer of Chun Li's father, and Soylent Green is PEOPLE!!!
The prince is a blond finn released from mental hospital to begin with.
Anyway, to resume, The Prince (or potential prince), who for convenience and accuracy's sake will be from here on in referred to as 'Cecil', is thrown into a jail cell. This is at the begining. Well, at the very beginning you get to see Jaffar waving his arms threateningly at the princess and doing magic tricks with sand-timers. And when we say "You get to see", we obviously mean that you don't get to see it if your mate, John, has started the game while you were in the toilet and won't go back and show you the intro. But at the point where even people who have been in the toilet will get to see because every time you die on the first level you go back there, Cecil has been thrown into a jail cell.
And by 'jail cell' we mean 'bizzarely designed room, approximately only a metre wide, with no discernable way of traversing most of it other than through athletic leaps, and some loose tiles at the bottom of it'. Naturally Cecil, not being an idiot, cleverly falls through the broken tiles and makes good his escape. And look, I'm not going to go through every last thing that happens in this game, okay? So just be happy if I tell you the highlights, alright?
Like, first, for example, Cecil gets a sword. That's not really all that much of a Big Whoop, to be honest. He just runs past some spikes and stuff and picks it up. Did I mention that no-one ever says anything? Well, they don't. I should have mentioned it earlier to be honest. But they have cue cards, I think, like in silent films, and when some things happen, some dramatic music plays, like "Da-da-da-DUM." It's better than that. I should try and get some kind of audio link to show you. Can you do that? Anyway, that's what happens when you pick up the sword. Music plays. That's why I mentioned it.
Not every enemy you encounter in this game is fit and limber.
After that, a load of other stuff happens. You get to fight people with your sword (including some really fat guy), and it's all like 'pap' 'pap', and then they hit you, and you're all like 'eurgh', and then you knock them backwards so that they fall off a ledge and onto some spikes, and you're all like 'yeah!' (but in real life this time, not the game), and the princess talks to a mouse and it holds open a steel-jawed blade trap for you, and you have to jump through a mirror, and an evil you tries to kill you, but is it evil? I could never really figure that out. I mean, you just have to put your sword away, and you can jump into it, and if it was evil, when you put your sword away it would, like, stab you but good, right?
So anyway eventually you kill the vizier, as long as you do it in the time limit (Oh yeah, there's a time limit that runs down in real time too, but no-one really liked that part, so I didn't mention it), and you get to hug the princess. So maybe she is your sister, 'cos it's okay just to hug your sister, right? I just always kind of assumed that there was more going on there than that, though. And that's the end. However, the ending says "Now Cecil shall be known as Prince of Persia", so maybe they are not sibblings, but--ack! I think something in my brain exploded.
Warning: The above text may have contained spoilers. If it did, please call 1-800-555-BLAH or email [email protected].
This page was last edited on 30 August 2012, at 07:25.


I've been surrounded by Godly women all my life. I was raised by one, shared the backseat of the car with one, was inspired to study music by one, worked for and with a few, and sang with choirs full of them. They taught me to pray, to hold doors, to love words, to read music, to dance, to say "yes ma'am," and how to eat the English peas in the TV dinner without gagging.
Although God has indeed blessed me with the opportunity to fellowship and be accountable to a team of Godly men, He has brought joy and beauty to my life through Godly women.
A little over three years ago, I became reacquainted with yet another Godly woman; someone whose friendship I quickly grew to esteem and value; someone I admire, both for her personal relationship with Jesus and for her ability to lead others to a similar relationship; someone who, in fact, was part of the duo who led me to faith in Christ in June of 2010.
How could I not esteem, value, admire – and love – someone who sat and held my hand and cried and prayed right along with me the day my life changed for eternity? That's why, at the time this post was published, I was in South Alabama celebrating the life and ministry of my dear friend, Judy Tucker.
I met Judy when I was 9- or 10-years-old. Her father-in-law pastored the church my family attended, and she and Bro. Johnny, her husband, visited frequently. I thought Judy was the prettiest girl I had ever seen. That hasn't changed, actually, except now I know her beauty to be as striking on the inside as it is on the outside.
Everyone should be blessed with a friend like Judy.
Judy serves as a role model for the next generation of Godly women, just as women have always done. Although we tend to focus on the men of the Bible and revel in the heroic stories of their leadership and dedication, throughout the Old and New Testaments we see incredible women who rose above cultural attitudes and constraints to accomplish amazing things and inspire us with their devotion to God. For every Joshua or David or Peter there is a Rahab, an Esther, and a Mary.
Rahab, a resident of Jericho, is described as a harlot, a prostitute, or an innkeeper, depending on which Bible translation you read. Although I wouldn't classify prostitution as a Godly occupation, Rahab definitely ended up being a Godly woman. Risking death for herself and her family, she stepped out on faith in a God she didn't know and became a traitor by harboring a pair of Israelite spies casing Jericho for conquest.
And so the walls of Jericho came a-tumblin' down – everywhere except where Rahab lived. Rahab was actually saved by her faith.
Here's what Rahab's story taught me: as lost in sin as I was, God was able to work a miracle in my life, too; and if I continue to trust Him, He may do something equally amazing through me.
By the way, Rahab, the former prostitute? She's an ancestor of Jesus.
Esther became queen of Persia by – get this – winning a beauty pageant. The interesting thing (besides the fact there was no swimsuit or talent portion of that pageant) is that Esther was secretly Jewish; secretly, because the Jews, who were living in exile in Persia at the time, were not a beloved people.
To circumvent an ill-begotten edict to wipe out all the Jews, Esther risked death by approaching the king unbidden and, in a gracious manner befitting a queen, revealed her true identity and convinced the king to spare her people.
Other than the "royal position" part, that same sort of thing could possibly be said about me: God's timing + His hand on my life = endless possibilities.
Mary Magdalene was as faithful a disciple of Jesus as any man. She (along with other women) followed him from town to town, supporting his ministry with her own money. She listened to Him preach, watched Him perform miracles, and took everything He said to heart. She stood nearby and watched Him die a horrible death while many of the men ran away and hid. She was the first one to see His empty tomb, the first witness of His resurrection, and the first one He told to go and tell the good news.
Deborah, the only female leader of Israel, who inspired ten thousand troops to victory over their enemies with her bravery and quick thinking.
Ruth, a pagan from Moab, who valued the bonds of family and chose to follow her Israelite mother-in-law and her God, becoming the daughter-in-law of Rahab and another link in the ancestry of Jesus.
The barren and childless Hannah, who faithfully petitioned God for a son, promising to dedicate him to the Lord all the days of his life. The son God gave her was none other than Samuel, the great prophet of Israel.
The beautiful and intelligent Abigail, who, with her graciousness and wisdom, deftly averted a deadly confrontation between her rude and churlish husband and the soon-to-be-king David. David was smart enough to make Abigail his wife when rude and churlish hubby met his demise a few days later.
Mary, the mother of Jesus, a beautiful portrait of surrender and trust.
The sisters, Mary and Martha, who were devoted to Jesus and sponsored Him during his ministry, hosting Him in their home on numerous occasions.
Priscilla who, along with her husband, played an important role in the life of the early church and the ministry of Paul the apostle, traveling with him, learning from him, and spreading the gospel he taught them. They never hesitated to open their home as a meeting place for churches wherever they lived.
The entire cast of women in Romans 16 Paul named as being significant to the advancement of the gospel and the Church (in addition to Priscilla): Phoebe, Mary, Narcissus, Tryphena, Tryphosa, Persis, Rufus' mother, and Julia.
And this is just scratching the surface. The Bible is filled with portraits of Godly women who were indispensable players in our sacred heritage, freely and selflessly giving of their time and resources, tirelessly serving the Lord – much like Judy.
So today, I'm blessed to be in Citronelle, Alabama, gathered with many brothers and sisters in Christ – most of whom I've never met until now – celebrating our dear friend and faithful servant of the Lord. No doubt if Judy had lived in Biblical times I would be writing about how she slew 1000 Canaanites with one of her high heels or how she rammed her car into Jericho and knocked those walls down (and gave Rahab a lift); or better yet, how she helped spread the gospel to thousands.


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Vince Guaraldi – Peanuts Portraits
Vince Guaraldi
Peanuts Portraits
Concord – 2010
Sounds of Timeless Jazz
This vital collection of musical themes written for Charles Schultz's animated characters is both entertaining and especially nostalgic for those who grew up with the comic strip and subsequent animated television specials. PEANUTS PORTRAITS features the memorable themes associated with such characters as the inimitable Charlie Brown, Lucy Van Pelt, Linus Van Pelt, Sally, Peppermint Patty, Frieda, Schroeder, Snoopy, and Woodstock! These great themes have become as popular as the characters they were written for and are instantly recognizable by anyone who is a Peanuts fan.
Guaraldi wrote several themes for the venerable Charlie Brown including "Blue Charlie Brown (Version #2)" a bluesy composition Guaraldi wrote for A BOY NAMED CHARLIE BROWN the 1963 documentary that was never televised. The song was include in the 1968 television special HE'S YOUR DOG, CHARLIE BROWN. The CD also includes "Charlie's Blues," one of many variations on the initial Blue Charlie Brown them. Lucy and Linus are represented by "Linus and Lucy," the theme that is often referred to as "The Peanuts Theme." "Linus and Lucy" opens and closes this recording (Charles Winston plays the closing theme) and was first introduced on A CHARLIE BROWN CHRISTMAS in 1965.
Sally is represented by "Sally's Blues," an underscore Guaraldi wrote for IT'S A MYSTERY, CHARLIE BROWN. Peppermint Patty's uptempo theme was written in 1967 and aired in the special, YOU'RE IN LOVE CHARLIE BROWN. Here, Patty's theme is presented as a slower, ballad-inspired arrangement. Of course, no Peanuts retrospective would be complete without Schroeder, Snoopy or Woodstock who all have their classic themes included.
"Schroeder" is an unaccompanied piano solo that was first heard on A BOY NAMED CHARLIE BROWN; Snoopy's character has two themes – "The Masked Marvel," played here as a solo by pianist George Winston and "Joe Cool," the eternally suave beagle whose second theme offers the cool vocals of Vince Guaraldi himself as does Woodstock's theme titled "Little Birdie!" This priceless collection of themes is certain to add value to your CD collection as it is a rare offering of Guaraldi's performances in all their glory.
Reprinted with permission of…


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The Master of Arts in International Affairs and Leadership, offered by the School of Politics and Global Studies, empowers students to be future leaders in the global arena.
Details Curriculum Requirements Courses
Anticipated Launch Date: Fall 2021
This online program establishes a dynamic and active learning environment led by senior international affairs professionals from the public and private sectors. Drawing on ASU's extensive academic capacity provide students a distinctive edge to succeed in the full spectrum of international affairs professions.
Students will also benefit from two week-long in-person experiences in Washington D.C. over the course of the program, allowing them direct access to the professionals and institutions involved in U.S. foreign affairs.
Graduates of the program will be prepared for this complex international environment through extensive exposure to topics such as foreign policy, national security, international trade, human rights issues, and character-driven leadership. The program will utilize the unique expertise of former ambassadors and leading experts to teach the classes as well as to guide students of the program as they either enter or continue in the workforce.
Graduates of the program will be able to pursue a variety of careers such as foreign service officers, special and tactical military officers, security analysts, non-profit coordinators, business operations specialists, international economists and public policy analysts.
Additional Program Fee: Yes
Second Language Requirement: No
The program offers a unique blend of leadership capacity development, both theory and practice, foreign policy decision-making, regional international affairs knowledge, and key global issues training.
Coursework focuses on current challenges and future trends.
Classes are led by top foreign policy and national security experts who have vast experience developing policy and leading programs.
The program stresses practical applications and case studies of international affairs issues, and hands-on experience.
Required Core (9 credit hours)
IAL 501 Principles of Character-Driven Leadership (3)
IAL 502 The Making of U.S. National Security Policy (3)
IAL 503 Applied International Leadership: Case Studies (3)
Electives (18 credit hours)
Culminating Experience (3 credit hours)
IAL 560 Capstone (3)
Applicants must fulfill the requirements of both the Graduate College and The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
Applicants are eligible to apply to the program if they have earned a bachelor's or master's degree in any field from a regionally accredited institution.
Applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in the last 60 hours of a student's first bachelor's degree program, or applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in an applicable master's degree program.
Applicants are required to submit:
graduate admission application and application fee
writing sample
proof of English proficiency
Additional Application Information
An applicant whose native language is not English must provide proof of English proficiency regardless of current residency.
GRE or GMAT results are not required but can be submitted as an additional application material.
Applicants should have a deep-rooted interest in international issues of the future and a desire to influence them through character-driven leadership within the context of an increasingly complicated, globalized world. Ideal candidates are those who have previous leadership experience and who plan to devote their careers to working with other cultures and nations across a variety of sectors. While an ideal candidate has previous experience traveling or living overseas and has previously studied a language other than English, we also welcome candidates with no prior experience in these areas. Both international and domestic students are encouraged to apply.
Using the letter of intent, applicants should narrate their own leadership journeys as well as their motivations for further studies in the areas of international affairs and leadership. The letter of intent should describe applicants' academic and professional interests to date, their definitions of character-driven leadership, their reasons for pursuing a master's degree in International Affairs and Leadership, and how this advanced degree relates to their specific future goals.
The application review panel also reviews the applicant's writing skills. Successful applicants must be able to tell a concise, coherent story about their past experiences and future goals.
Priority application deadlines*:
This program is currently not accepting applications; applications are anticipated to open in spring 2021.
*Applications received after the priority deadline will be reviewed in the order they are completed and on a space available basis. An application is complete after all required materials are received by Graduate Admissions.
Courses and electives
Required Core Classes (9 credit hours)
IAL 501: Principles of Character Driven Leadership, 3 credit hours
Principals of Character Driven Leadership provides the student with the core concepts of character driven leadership defined as the commitment to do the right thing, the right way for the right reasons. The course focuses on values; individual, organizational, and national, along with ethics; culminating with a clear understanding of leadership. Students will explore the "leader in me" by examining the values that they embrace and the causes that they believe in, along with understanding "the environment I lead in" and the criticality of comprehending where they lead and who they lead.
IAL 502: U.S. National Security Policy, 3 credit hours
IAL 502 outlines the origins and current structure of America's national security architecture. Using actual policy decisions, students will exercise the process of analysis, decision-making and translating into action, elements of the country's national security agenda. The course will also include intensive analysis of the intent and outcome of such critical policy decisions and the leadership exercised by the participating decision-makers.
IAL 503: Applied International Leadership: Case Studies, 3 credit hours
IAL 503 builds on the theoretical and practical foundation of the development curriculum conveyed in IAL 501. During the semester, students will engage with faculty and with each other in multiple in-depth applied leadership scenarios, examining various aspects of leadership in international settings. The semester will culminate in individual student presentations analyzing a complex international leadership challenge. Case studies and scenarios in international settings with real-world choices and dilemmas that require group decision-making and leadership in a pressure-filled, crisis situation to achieve a peaceful and successful outcome.
Students will take six elective courses of their choice from a list of course offerings. These classes will cover a range of topics including regional focuses, leadership decision making, global issues, and international relation issues.
IAL 504: U.S. Diplomacy in Action - the Embassy Country Team, 3 credit hours
Led by a former U.S. Ambassador, students constitute an U.S. Embassy Country Team for a specific country and manage a reality-based diplomatic agenda. Students will be assigned the actual roles of Embassy team members, and together with their "Ambassador" will practice how U.S. foreign policy is developed and executed in the field and for the final written and oral project will develop and present new, creative programs for promotion of U.S. interests to improve the bilateral relationship with the country.
IAL 505: The Modern Global Economy: Dollars and Sense
Students will be challenged to consider future economic and business trends and technology that offer growth and opportunities, but also economic and business developments that threaten stability such as cyber threats and pandemics. Traditional trading and finance global systems will be compared to the rising new economic "nationalism". Regional economic alliances will be evaluated.
IAL 508: Transatlantic Relations: Does Europe Still Matter?
IAL 508 projects forward the directions the U.S. and Europe are moving. The students will be challenged to analyze and consider "over the horizon" trends and opportunities, but also the risks of conflict and how to mitigate and solve challenges. Case studies will present "Character-driven leadership" by U.S. and European leaders as they manage issues of cooperation and competition.
IAL 509: Western Hemisphere: Good Neighbors, Tough Challenges
This course will explore the opportunities and challenges facing the United States in its relationships with its regional neighbors, including Canada, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and South America. The lectures and readings will consider how the region's social, cultural and economic history shapes its relations with the U.S. and the rest of the world.
IAL 511: Human Rights and Realpolitik
This course will explore the origins of the human rights movement, watershed moments, and contemplate what may be next. The course is based on the foundation that respecting human rights is not simply the right moral choice, but one that has an economic and national security implications: that the world is more prosperous and more secure when freedom and rights are universally afforded.
IAL 512: Setting a Global Counterterrorism Agenda
Students analyze, discuss, and propose tactics and strategies for countering global terrorism, mainly, but not exclusively from the U.S. perspective. IAL 511 focusses on U.S. counter-terrorism strategy against Middle East terrorism since 9/11. Based on actual policy decisions, students will exercise the process of decision-making and translating into action, elements of the U.S. counter-terrorism agenda in partnership with allies and adversaries.
IAL 514: Transnational Challenges - Combatting Human Trafficking
A practical, global, interdisciplinary examination of the many issues surrounding human trafficking and modern slavery. Students will connect similarities and differences between historical and modern-day slavery, analyze the role and impact of criminal and civil justice sector decisions and actions in fighting human trafficking and understand the role of international and national laws and other government rulemaking.
IAL 560: Capstone, 3 credit hours
Each student must prepare a comprehensive presentation capturing the knowledge and insights gained during the degree program, focused on a specific international affairs leadership challenge. A 45-minute oral and written presentation must show analytical rigor and defend a tangible strategic plan for achieving impact and positive change.
Concurrent degree programs are specially designed academic programs which provide high-achieving undergraduate students the opportunity to complete two distinct but complementary bachelor degrees at the same time. Students must meet minimum admissions standards for both programs and be accepted individually by both colleges offering the concurrent program.
Students pursuing concurrent degrees earn two distinct degrees and receive two diplomas. ASU offers students two ways to earn concurrent degrees: by choosing a predetermined combination or creating their own combination. Predetermined combinations have a single admissions application and one easy to follow major map. To add a concurrent degree to your existing degree, work with your academic advisor. Either way, concurrent degrees allow students to pursue their own personal or professional interests.
Accelerated bachelor's and master's degree programs are designed for high-achieving undergraduate students who want the opportunity to combine undergraduate coursework with graduate coursework to accelerate completion of their master's degree. These programs feature the same high-quality curriculum taught by ASU's world-renowned faculty.
ASU students may accelerate their studies by earning a bachelor's and a master's degree in as little as five years (for some programs) or by earning a bachelor's degree in 2.5 or 3 years.
Accelerated bachelor's and master's degree programs are designed for high-achieving undergraduate students who want the opportunity to combine undergraduate coursework with graduate coursework to accelerate completion of their master's degree. These programs, featuring the same high-quality curriculum taught by ASU's world-renowned faculty, allow students to obtain both a bachelor's and a master's degree in as little as five years.
Accelerated bachelor's degree programs allow students to choose either a 2.5- or a 3-year path while participating in the same high-quality educational experience of a 4-year option. Students can opt to fast-track their studies after acceptance into a participating program by connecting with their academic advisor.
This is only the first required math course. This program may contain additional math courses; See Major Map for details.
The level of intensity represents a measure of the number and academic rigor of math courses required.
The level of intensity represents a measure of the number and academic rigor of math courses required. Courses included in the General level: MAT 142
The level of intensity represents a measure of the number and academic rigor of math courses required. Courses included in the Moderate level: MAT 117, MAT 119, MAT 170, MAT 210, SOS 101, CPI 200
The level of intensity represents a measure of the number and academic rigor of math courses required. Courses included in the Substantial level: MAT 251, MAT 265. MAT 266, MAT 267, MAT 270, MAT 271, MAT 272, MAT 274, MAT 275


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Home > Libraries > Publications > 42
University Libraries Faculty & Staff Publications
What High School Students Want to Know About Music: An Information Literacy Instruction Course for a High School Music Camp
Michael J. Duffy IV, Western Michigan UniversityFollow
The SEMINAR High School Summer Music Camp at Western Michigan University provided an opportunity to offer intensive music related information literacy instruction to a small group of high school students over a two-week session. These students participated in an assessment study in which they provided answers to questions related to information literacy learning outcomes before and after the course of instruction. This case study presents a model for lessons and curricular structure for an information literacy course in music for high school students.
Duffy, Michael J. IV, "What High School Students Want to Know About Music: An Information Literacy Instruction Course for a High School Music Camp" (2019). University Libraries Faculty & Staff Publications. 42.
https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/library_pubs/42
Published Citation
Duffy, Michael J. J. "What High School Students Want to Know about Music: An Information Literacy Instruction Course for a High School Music Camp." Music Reference Services Quarterly 22.4 (2018): 1-18.
Library and Information Science Commons, Music Education Commons
Kate Langan
Miranda Howard
Maira Bundza


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"This project defines the cultural diversity that is the identity of our nation."
-Ana Cristina, Director of the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Havana
"Piñeiro and Cardenas used identical cameras and created a collection that includes about 100 images in black and white, diptychs and individual portraits, that support the narrative of diversity that makes up Cuba."
–El Nuevo Herald / Miami Herald
WLRN – Sept 29, 2015 Photo Show Looks Both Ways Across Florida Straits
(Fox News Latino) U.S., Cuban photographers exhibit diversity of island's faces from two points of view
A large-format photography book of the project is available at www.amazon.com
OCT 1-29, 2015 / EXHIBITION
CÓMO LO VEMOS A USTED, Jeffery Cardenas & Yanela Piñero Guierrez
How We See You
Sponsored by Stones & Cardenas Attorneys at Law
For the first time since it debuted at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Havana last December, American audiences now have the chance to see the groundbreaking exhibition, Cómo lo vemos a Usted / How we see you, when it opens at The Studios of Key West on October 1.
Originally opening just days after the United States and Cuba announced the historic reconciliation between the two countries last December, the exhibition is the result of a project undertaken by American photographer Jeffrey Cardenas and Cuban photographer Yanela Piñeiro. The exhibition highlights the diversity of Cubans living in the barrio of La Habana Vieja, and also asks, "Who exactly are these Cuban neighbors who have been isolated for more than a half a century, and how do they see us now?"
The project began in Havana when Cardenas and Piñeiro set up outdoor studios in the historic Plaza Vieja, inviting the general public to sit for brief portraits with each photographer.
Hailing from vastly different cultures, the disparate photographers (Cardenas is 59, Piñeiro is 16) captured not only their subjects, but also, the shifting perspectives of the Cubans as they sat for first, an American with a camera, and then, a Cuban photographing them moments later.
Thousands of simple black-and-white portraits were taken. The resulting narrative is sometimes subtle, often dramatic, and always surprising.
"Some Cubans have referred to the project as un espejo, a mirror," Cardenas said. "They see themselves through two different sets of eyes and they look back at us. For people who have been kept secluded for 54 years the ability to do that is empowering."
Cardenas and Piñeiro then independently made their selections and the two portraits were blended into a single image as a diptych. The work was printed nearly life size into the surface of white, powder-coated sheets of aluminum with a process of dye sublimation. Cómo lo vemos a Usted has also been published as a large-format book.
"The Studios of Key West is a perfect venue for the first American exhibition of this project," Cardenas said. "Culturally, Key West and Havana.