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PostEverything
The dilemma of serving in a Trump administration
There are good reasons for a #NeverTrump wonk to serve in a Trump administration. There are good reasons not to as well.
President-elect Donald Trump speaks during a meeting with House Speaker Paul D. Ryan (R-Wis.) at the Capitol on Nov. 10. (Zach Gibson/Getty Images)
By Daniel W. Drezner
Daniel W. Drezner is a professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a regular contributor to PostEverything.
As the reality of an incoming Trump administration settles in, there have been some disturbing reports about the incoming team's lack of preparation. I alluded to some of them last week, and that was before Trump shuffled up his transition team. Disturbing anecdotes are also making their way into the press, like this one from the Wall Street Journal's Michael Bender and Carol Lee:
Mr. Trump's victory surprised even his own top advisers, who, before Tuesday, were unable to focus the New York businessman on the 73 days between the election and inauguration, a senior aide said. They said Mr. Trump didn't want to jinx himself by planning the transition before he had actually won.
During their private White House meeting on Thursday, Mr. Obama walked his successor through the duties of running the country, and Mr. Trump seemed surprised by the scope, said people familiar with the meeting. Trump aides were described by those people as unaware that the entire presidential staff working in the West Wing had to be replaced at the end of Mr. Obama's term.
After meeting with Mr. Trump, the only person to be elected president without having held a government or military position, Mr. Obama realized the Republican needs more guidance. He plans to spend more time with his successor than presidents typically do, people familiar with the matter said.
The Los Angeles Times version of this story had the same anecdote but suggested the only dimwitted Trump aide was son-in-law Jared Kushner. And Obama staffers were clearly the source of this leak, so there may be some shading going on here. Nonetheless, you get the point: This is not a team that is ready to govern just yet.
In many ways, this highlights the Trump team's need for, you know, people who know stuff about government. Trump himself admitted as much to Lesley Stahl of "60 Minutes" when asked about why he was leaning so much on Washington insiders for his transition team.
The gap between Trump's existing team and the daunting demands placed on any president have given rise to columns urging GOP foreign policy folk to set aside their objections to the president-elect and serve. #NeverTrump leader Eliot Cohen made this point in the American Interest. On Saturday, Ross Douthat went even further, arguing that "there is a moral responsibility to serve." He elaborated:
For the next four years, the most important check on what we've seen of Trump's worst impulses — his hair-trigger temper, his rampant insecurity, his personal cruelty — won't come from Congress or the courts or the opposition party. It will come from the people charged with executing the basic responsibilities of government within his administration.
This is particularly true in foreign policy, where presidential power has its fewest limits — where the chief executive can start wars with near-impunity, deal out death from the skies, rattle the global economy with an executive order, and decide with barely anyone else's input to launch a nuclear weapon. In foreign policy, too, the choices that presidential appointees have to make on their own, in diplomatic and military contexts, can have life-or-death consequences very quickly. So to the extent that Trump's approach to governance threatens world peace, that threat can be mitigated by appointees with experience and knowledge, and magnified if their posts are filled by hacks and sycophants instead.
This is a powerful argument. Some of the finest examples of public service are the unheralded moments, the times when a staffer shoots down a really, really stupid idea that powerful hacks are advocating. It's not the glamorous part of any policy portfolio, but it is vital to avoid worst-case national security scenarios.
There are other valid arguments for GOP foreign policy folk to serve. There is such a thing as policymaking shape, and if qualified Republicans abstain from serving now their skills might atrophy too much to be of any use when a less objectionable Republican comes along. Also, there really is such a thing as a belief in public service among wonks.
Cue the obligatory West Wing clip!
If Republicans can serve in Democrats' administrations and vice versa, surely some GOP foreign policy wonks can swallow their #NeverTrump affinities and serve in a GOP administration?
And here we get to the moment when one has to point out that life is not as simple as an Aaron Sorkin script.
I offered up some of these reasons this past July. Regardless of one's personal preferences, agreeing to serve in a Trump administration will also be a legitimizing act for the administration's foreign policy. It legitimates Trump's decision to appoint Breitbart News executive chairman Steve Bannon as his chief strategist. Agreeing to serve in this administration means that, on some level, you are copacetic with serving for that kind of individual.
We don't know who Trump will pick for his foreign policy and national security team, but we already know two things. First, loyalty is going to count for a lot. Second, Trump's most loyal aides do not inspire much confidence as policymakers.
Cohen and others suggest that one should agree to serve with the full knowledge that resignation must be a live option. That's asking a lot from people, however. Getting vetted by the FBI or confirmed by the Senate is not easy. Heck, properly filling out an SF-86 is not easy. The transition team website acknowledges "the application process is rigorous." To ask people to invest in the massive upfront costs of vetting and then prepare to resign a week into service because the U.S. carpet-bombs Syria might be too much of an ask. There's a reason that principled resignations are rare. And the counterargument that someone else would just do your job anyway begins to sound way too much like a form of reasoning that echoes Hannah Arendt.
This is not an easy choice for principled Republicans to make. My advice to them is to apply for a position if they really want to serve. But pay very close attention to who gets appointed to which policy principal positions: Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Homeland Security, National Security Adviser, etc. If you believe you can honorably serve the president and your policy principal based on their past statements, then go for it. If that individual makes you feel queasy, then don't.
Daniel W. Drezner Daniel W. Drezner is a professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a regular contributor to PostEverything. Follow
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Opinion The Mnuchin myth on Harriet Tubman, exposed


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This award recognizes the most riveting digital visual storytelling piece, from blog post, video, photo, and review, discovering new and exciting destinations in Asia Pacific.
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Movie star Nicole Burns aka Nicole Wyland makes millions staring in romantic comedies, yet she's never been in love. She left Cape Cod to escape her family and sought to pretend to be anyone else other than Nicole Burns. She goes back home to figure out who she is. When she saw Gerard Collins was running for office, she intended to confront him over his part in her sister's mental breakdown. But sparks fly and helping him win is far more interesting to her, and her sister's complicated past stops becoming a barrier to romance. He's nothing like what she thought, and the fake engagement is becoming excitingly more real the longer she stays.
She always wrote stories to entertain herself. Her parents are practical minded people demanding a job, but when she sat down to see what she enjoyed doing, writing became obvious. The Zoastra Affair, Chaperoning Paris, Borrowing the Doctor, and Electing Love, Mything the Throne and Favorite Coffee, Favorite Crush will be published in 2014. Now she is represented by Dawn Dowdle of Blue Ridge Literary Agency. Also she's the Vice President for the Florida Romance Writers. Her website is www.victoriapinder.com.


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Q: RecyclerView Adapter Adds Duplicates TEXTVIEWs only on scroll I have a RecyclerView Adapter which adds data to RecyclerView, it works fine until I scroll up and down and see duplicate TextViews.
So my RecyclerView Loads like this

The issue is where you see tag0 and tag1 - If I scroll down and go back up, a duplicate set of tag0 and tag1 are added - as shown in the following screenshot

It keeps happening over and over again everytime I scroll

My RecyclerView Adapter Code is the following (short version)
class VideoAdapter : RecyclerView.Adapter
    {
        Context _context;
        private List<VideoDisplayModel> _AllLinks;

        public VideoAdapter(List<VideoDisplayModel> AllLinks)
        {
            _AllLinks = AllLinks;
        }

        public override int ItemCount
        {
            get
            {
                return _AllLinks.Count;
            }
        }

        public override long GetItemId(int position)
        {
            return position;
        }
        public override int GetItemViewType(int position)
        {
            return position;
        }

 public override RecyclerView.ViewHolder OnCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType)
        {
            View listitem = LayoutInflater.From(parent.Context).Inflate(Resource.Layout.VideoRecyclerRow, parent, false);
            TextView title = listitem.FindViewById<TextView>(Resource.Id.titleVideo);
            ImageView image = listitem.FindViewById<ImageView>(Resource.Id.imageVideo);
            LinearLayout tagsLayout = listitem.FindViewById<LinearLayout>(Resource.Id.tagsVideoLayout);

            VideoRecylerViewHolder view = new VideoRecylerViewHolder(listitem)
            {
                Title = title,
                Thumb = image,
                TagsLayout = tagsLayout
            };

            _context = parent.Context;
            return view;
        }

        public override void OnBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position)
        {
            var viewHolder = holder as VideoRecylerViewHolder;
            var currentLink = _AllLinks[position];
            viewHolder.Title.Text = currentLink.Title;

            for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
                TextView Txt = new TextView(_context);
                Txt.Text = "test"+i.ToString();
                Txt.SetBackgroundResource(Resource.Drawable.roundtext);
                Txt.SetPadding(30, 10, 30, 10);
 Txt.SetTextColor(global::Android.Graphics.Color.ParseColor("#373944"));
                Txt.SetTextSize(Android.Util.ComplexUnitType.Dip, 12);
                viewHolder.TagsLayout.AddView(Txt);
            }

        }

I don't understand, what am I doing wrong - Any idea?
Cheers

A: The RecyclerView recycles the same layout, so if you added a view before, it will add another one.. Make sure you clear the parent before adding the view:
viewHolder.TagsLayout.removeAllViews();  //THIS

for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
  ...
  viewHolder.TagsLayout.AddView(Txt);
}

A:
I don't understand, what am I doing wrong - Any idea?

Yes, OnBindViewHolder gets called multiple times , its the basic fundamental of recyclerView , (it recycles the views).

If you create views dynamically create and add views its gonna be called created multiple times once you scroll .

 for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
    TextView Txt = new TextView(_context);
    Txt.Text = "test"+i.ToString();
    Txt.SetBackgroundResource(Resource.Drawable.roundtext);
    Txt.SetPadding(30, 10, 30, 10);
    Txt.SetTextColor(global::Android.Graphics.Color.ParseColor("#373944"));
    Txt.SetTextSize(Android.Util.ComplexUnitType.Dip, 12);
    viewHolder.TagsLayout.AddView(Txt);
 }

This loop is getting executed multiple times !!
So, before the for loop use :-
 holder.listitem.removeAllViews();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Interior Department Scraps Obama-era Rule on Coal Royalties
FILE - A miner rworks at a coal mine in Friedens, Pa., June 7, 2017.
The Interior Department on Monday scrapped an Obama-era rule on coal royalties that mining companies had criticized as burdensome and costly.
The Trump administration put the royalty valuation rule on hold in February after mining companies challenged it in federal court. Officials later announced plans to repeal the rule entirely. The final repeal notice was published Monday in the Federal Register and takes effect Sept. 6.
Repealing the rule "provides a clean slate to create workable valuation regulations," said Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke, adding that the repeal will reduce costs that energy companies would otherwise pass on to consumers.
Still, he said Interior remains committed to collecting every dollar due, noting that public lands are assets belonging to taxpayers and Native American tribes.
The valuation rule, crafted under the administration of Democratic President Barack Obama, was aimed at ensuring that coal companies don't shortchange taxpayers on coal sales to Asia and other markets. Coal exports surged over the past decade even as domestic sales declined.
Federal lawmakers and watchdog groups have long complained that taxpayers were losing hundreds of millions of dollars annually because royalties on coal from public lands were being improperly calculated.
Interior disputed that, saying in the Federal Register notice that the soon-to-be-reinstated regulations "have been in place for more than 20 years and serve as a reasonable, reliable and consistent method for valuing federal and Indian minerals for royalty purposes." As evidence, the agency noted that the Obama-era rule would have increased royalty payments by less than 1 percent a year.
Rules in place since the 1980s have allowed coal companies to sell their fuel to affiliates and pay royalties to the government on that price, then turn around and sell the coal at a higher price, often overseas. Under the now-repealed rule, the royalty rate would have been determined at the time the coal is leased, with revenue based on the price paid by an outside entity, rather than an interim sale to an affiliated company.
House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Rob Bishop, R-Utah, hailed the repeal, saying it would encourage more responsible energy development and spur investment in federal and Indian lands.
But conservation groups criticized the action, calling it a "sweetheart deal" for the industry that will deprive states of much-needed revenues. About half the coal royalties collected by the federal government is disbursed to states including Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Manchester United Transfer News: van Gaal in Talks with Milan Midfielder's Camp
Manchester United are reportedly in talks with the representatives of Nigel de Jong as they line up an £8 million move for the AC Milan midfielder.
By : Binayak Khatri
Aug 7, 2014 15:01 IST
de Jong is reportedly keen to move to United and work under van GaalReuters
According to Goal, United executive vice-chairman Ed Woodward has been in talks with de Jong's camp ahead of a potential switch to Old Trafford.
Despite having already secured the services of Ander Herrera from Athletic Bilbao this summer, United are still in the hunt for another central midfielder following the retirement of Ryan Giggs and the injury of Michael Carrick (who is set to miss the opening stages of the new season).
The Red Devils had initially been expected to sign Juventus star Arturo Vidal, with the United boss being keen on landing him despite his massive price tag.
However, the deal looks very unlikely now, and United have diverted their attention to de Jong.
Van Gaal is reportedly keen on getting the 29-year-old after watching him do well with the Netherlands in the 2014 World Cup.
"I don't like singling out players, but Nigel de Jong was inspirational," van Gaal had said after his side's 3-2 win over Australia in the group stages.
The Dutchman, who joined Milan for a reported fee of £3.5 million in 2012 after spending three years at Manchester City, is also reportedly keen to work under van Gaal again.
Meanwhile, United are reportedly ready to spend £15 million to secure the services of Arsenal's unwanted defender Thomas Vermaelen.
Although Arsenal were willing to let the Belgian defender go for a cut-price deal, the Red Devils are willing to pay over the odds to discourage the advances of Barcelona.
The Red Devils were once in pole position to sign the defender. But after Barcelona recently made a £10 million offer for the 28-year-old, United were forced to up their bid as the Gunners are more comfortable selling the Belgian to the Catalan club than to a direct Premier League rival.
Barcelona are now unlikely to match or raise the Red Devils' offer for the defender, who only made seven starts in the Premier League last season.
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text:
Kallavesi Senior High School is an educational establishment that respects human values and aims at improving the skills of its students by supporting and guiding them in a balanced way.
We are one of the international UNESCO schools. Kallaveden lukio was awarded the Sustainable Development Certificate by the the OKKA Foundation in 2013.
Kallavesi Senior High School
allavesi Senior High School is an educational establishment that respects human values and aims at improving the skills of its students by supporting and guiding them in a balanced way. In addition to striving for the academic objectives, the central task is to prepare students for the demands of the future in a safe and modern learning environment. Independence and co-operation skills are emphasized. Students are also given responsibility and freedom to create highly individual study programmes.
Kallavesi Senior High School has its roots in the first girls' school founded in northern Savo in 1879. The school has been in its present location in the centre of Kuopio since 1924 and today the school is attended by both male and female students. There are about 35 teachers and 600 students working in the same premises.
Co-operation both at national and international level has always been of high importance for the school. As a forerunner in co-operation between the local vocational, catering, design and health and nursing schools Kallavesi Senior High School provides ample opportunities to choose courses from a wide range of subjects.
Kallavesi Senior High School has been a UNESCO-school since 1984 and it is possible to take courses in international studies and take part in visits to collaborating schools, for example in Germany. Needless to say, some students also act as hosts to international guests every year as visits from abroad are part of the school routine.
Our students have a chance to take courses in International Business. There is a wide selection of national on-line courses available, with a teacher tutoring the studies. We also offer several courses of our own to complement our students' International Business studies. As a HundrED school we are part of a network of upper secondary schools oriented in International Business.
Various specialized programmes can be established for different educational purposes ranging from computer studies to the arts. Being also media-oriented, the school naturally offers a great many courses in media studies such as The World of the Media, Radio and Television Journalism and Videography.
Sustainable development and environmental isuues are cosidered important in our everyday activities. Kallavesi Senior High School was awarded the Sustainable Development Certificate by the OKKA Foundation in 2013.
Non-graded curriculum
The national non-graded curriculum gives students a possibility to make personal choices in their timetable. The study time can vary from 2 to 4 years. Due to the individual choices there are no study groups of students that would stay together taking exactly the same courses throughout the high school years. Each student attends various classes according to the timetable they have chosen.
Five periods
The school year is divided into five periods, each of which takes about 38 days. When planning the study programme, the students are given a menu of courses covering the whole schoolyear and usually 5 to 6 different courses per period are chosen. The courses for each period are taught according to the weekday schedule, and there are three 75-minute lessons a week per course.
Test week
At the end of every period there is a test week, which takes seven school days. In case a student fails any test, they are given one chance to retake the test during the next period of the schoolyear.
Kallavesi Secondary High School specializes in the following:
International Activities: We are one of the international UNESCO schools. Besides, we have a partner schools in Germany (Hildesheim) and Italy (Desenzano del Garda). Students can choose two courses in International studies, either take part in a visit to one of our partner schools and host visitors from there at home, or participate in some project (Erasmus+, Nordplus Junior).
Media Studies: You can choose 1-15 media courses during your studies. The local media, both the press and the radio and TV stations, are involved in some of the courses. In addition, you can take one media course in English.
Arts and Design: There are several courses available which contain a variety of arts and design, for example, pottery, or interior design.
Post-16 Educational Cooperation: Kallavesi Secondary High School co-operates with Kuopio university and the local vocational college, health and nursing college, and also with the art and design school.
Attività internazionali
Activités internationales
Maaherrankatu 2, 70100 Kuopio, Finland
Tel +358 17 184523 / 184525
Email tiina.karjalainen@kuopio.fi
Ensio Vatanen,
Tiina Karjalainen,
Deputy Head
Heikki Ståhlberg,
Anne Sivén,
Deputy Head, Student Cousellor
Timo Piirainen,
Student Counsellor
Mervi Pöysä,
History Teacher, Chair of International Activity Team (IAT)
Veera Heinonen,
School Secretary


text:
The anvil that could be coming Stephen Auth Fri Sep 16 14:30:00 EDT 2022 The anvil that could be coming http://www.federatedinvestors.com/texPool/static/images/texpool/texpool-logo-amp.png http://www.federatedinvestors.com/texPool/daf\images\insights\article\monument-valley-small.jpg 10-11-2022 October 11 2022 09-16-2022 September 16 2022
The anvil that could be coming
How much corporate earnings fall could determine where the market bottoms.
Published 09-16-2022 September 16 2022
Stephen Auth, CFA
Chief Investment Officer, Equities
Regular readers of this space know that about a year ago, we became concerned about the potential for a "Wile E. Coyote Moment" for equities, particularly growth stocks. Given their strong prospects and seemingly permanent near-zero discount rates, valuations had risen to the moon. Inflation, on the other hand, was running way too hot and, we thought, unlikely to drop back to the Fed's 2% target anytime soon. So, rates would rise and even as they began to do so, growth stocks might continue for some time running to—and over—the cliff. But it wasn't until investors realized growth stocks had nothing but air beneath them, and that their valuations were certain to drop, that we finally got this "Wile E. Coyote moment" in the spring, with the S&P 500 plunging briefly to 3,650 before stabilizing.
Since then, investors, trained by the crises of the last 15 years to look for V- shaped bottoms fueled by abrupt Fed policy reversals, have outdone themselves, looking for evidence of "peak inflation," peak policy hawkishness and the "pivot" just over the horizon. They're going to be looking for a while. As this morning's FedEx earnings surprise reminds us, the cartoon doesn't usually end quickly. Rather, the inevitable pattern for the hapless hero always seems to be that as he picks himself up from his scary fall and shakes his flattened frame back into form, an anvil drops from the sky and knocks him out.
At Federated Hermes, our fear for markets is not just that rates are likely to be higher for longer, but that out there somewhere in the future is the likelihood that the anvil will fall, in the form of reduced corporate earnings.
Today's negative FedEx announcement aside, the surprise coming from this month's traditional heavy spate of pre-quarter-end corporate conferences has been relatively positive. Most companies are reporting relatively stable business conditions and are using cost-cutting efficiencies to offset margin pressures that are out there (higher input costs, higher rates and a slowing economy among them).
But this itself leads us to remain cautious. The reality is that, for the very reasons we've thought core inflation, though peaking, would remain high (in the 3-4% range through 2023), earnings seem likely to hang in there. Consumers and financial institutions have entered this Fed-hiking cycle in unusually strong condition. And inventories across the economy, with some notable exceptions such as apparel, remain tight. Ditto labor. So, core inflation is likely to remain stubborn, and corporate earnings to remain broadly stable. What companies can't pass on in prices, they're adjusting for in other ways.
And therefore, the Fed will keep on hiking. Pivot purveyors, be forewarned.
For earnings, a "grind" vs. a "pop"
As concerned as we are about the anvil, our own analysts' read of the coming earnings season is for more of a grind lower in forward expectations rather than a sudden shift down. With the economy bouncing through a rocky landing, earnings broadly are holding up. And we think this time around, without a deep recession, should bottom out between $200 and $220 next year on the S&P 500—not more than 10% below current run rates.
While this seems not that bad vs. previous recessions, for growth stocks in particular that are priced for robust growth, this could eventually prove to be the proverbial second drop, the anvil if you will. And for those who struggled through 5th grade math, a 17x P/E multiple on $200 in earnings equates to 3,400—the lower end of our 3,400 to 3,900 forecasted trading range.
In the longer term, we remain committed to stocks as the best way out of the present stagflationary environment. Companies' revenue bases, sooner or later, adjust to the nominal level of GDP, which continues ever higher. And sooner or later, companies' respective competitive positions will get them back to the profit margins they've previously earned. So, however soft 2023 earnings are likely to be, somewhere out there, in 2025 or 2026, $300 awaits us. And with it, an S&P that is nominally higher, even from present levels.
So, even though we are modestly underweight stocks and significantly underweight growth stocks in our balanced models, we remain heavily overweighted defensive value/dividend stocks whose businesses are big, diversified and stable. Their slowly rising dividend streams are likely to produce above-market, and above-inflation returns over the coming three years. We also like cash/money markets over bonds, holding 10% "cash" in our balanced models. With money market returns above 2% and rising rapidly, cash is not a bad way to ride out rocky landings. Particularly when anvils could be falling from the skies.
Tags Equity . Markets/Economy . Active Management .
Diversification and asset allocation do not assure a profit nor protect against loss.
Growth stocks are typically more volatile than value stocks.
Value stocks may lag growth stocks in performance, particularly in late stages of a market advance.


In this paper, the analog of Maxwell electromagnetism for hydrodynamic turbulence, the metafluid dynamics, is extended in order to reformulate the metafluid dynamics as a gauge field theory. That analogy opens up the possibility to investigate this theory as a constrained system. Having this possibility in mind, we propose a Lagrangian to describe this new theory of turbulence and, subsequently, analyze it from the symplectic point of view. From this analysis, a hidden gauge symmetry is revealed, providing a clear interpretation and meaning of the physics behind the metafluid theory. Also, the geometrical interpretation to the gauge symmetries is discussed.
The understanding of hydrodynamic turbulence is an important problem for nature science, from both, theoretical and experimental point of view, and has been investigated intensively [1,2,3] over the last century, but a deep and fully comprehension of the problem remains obscure.
Over the last years, the investigation of turbulent hydrodynamics has experienced a revival since turbulence has became a very fruitful research field for theoreticians, that study the analogies between turbulence and field theory, critical phenomena and condensed matter physics [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12], renewing the optimism to solve the turbulence problem.
where is the velocity field, the vorticity field, is the pressure, r the density and n the kinematic viscosity.
which are the flows we are interested in this paper. In this context, the hydrodynamic turbulence has attracted an enormous interest due to the universal characteristics stressed by an incompressible fluid with high Reynolds numbers in the fully developed turbulent regime. The Reynolds number, R º LU/n (where L is the integral length-scale of the largest eddies and U is a characteristic large-scale velocity), measures the competition between convective and diffusive processes in an incompressible fluid described by the NS equations. The term is of the order of magnitude of U2 /L and the quantity is of the order of magnitude of nU/L2. So, the ratio of the two is just the Reynolds number. Hence the term may be neglected if the Reynolds number is small, and the NS equations become the diffusion equation, , where the viscosity n plays the role of the diffusion coefficient. So, as we are interested in treating the turbulence flow, we must consider high Reynolds number. In view of this, the incompressible fluid flow assumes high Reynolds numbers when the velocity increases and, consequently, the solution for eqn.(2) becomes unstable and the fluid switches to a new regime of a very complex motion with the velocity varying almost randomly and without any noticeable order. To discover the laws describing what exactly is going on with the fluid in this turbulent regime is very important to both theoretical and applied science.
where is real, positive definite in some neighborhood of , and normalized to unity over all space. Moreover, in order to preserve directional characteristics, we can consider the class of functions that are isotropic in space.
In this theory, metafluid dynamics, the vorticity and Lamb vector are recognized as the kernel of this dynamical theory of turbulence. In our paper, we make a further investigation of the physical contents present in that theory, in order to furnish a better understanding of turbulence.
To extract the physical meaning of the metafluid dynamics, we extend the Marmanis analogy in order to propose an appropriate Lagrangian governing the dynamics of incompressible fluid flows. From this Lagrangian and using the symplectic method , the physics behind the metafluid theory is discussed.
In order to make this work self-consistent, we have organized this paper as follows. In Section 2, a brief review of the metafluid dynamics is presented as well as the pertinent physical quantities and notation. In Section 3, the Lagrangian approach for the metafluid dynamics is proposed and some considerations about the dissipation rate of energy is discussed. In Section 4, the new description for the metafluid dynamics is studied using the symplectic method, which leads to unveil the gauge symmetry. Further, we scrutinize the symmetry of the model and show that the gauge invariance is only preserved in some limits, called inertial range, and also we identify the physical quantities that are gauge invariant into this region. In Section 5, the geometric interpretation of the gauge symmetry is given and discussed. In Section 6, we stress our conclusion and final discussions. We added an appendix with a brief review of the simplectic formalism.
The problem of turbulence is to find the averaged properties from the solutions of NS equations under the constraint of the incompressibility condition, eqn.(3), forming a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Due to this, it is a difficult task to get a common feature of averaged nonlinear equations, because nonlinearity introduces higher order momenta of fluctuation, what is known as closure problem. To overcome this problem, Marmanis proposed an approximate theory of turbulence based on the analogy between Maxwell electromagnetism and turbulent hydrodynamics, where the equations governing the dynamic variables become linear and the nonlinearities appear as sources of turbulent motion. In this picture, one constructs a system of equations written in terms of the average values of the vorticity ( ) and Lamb vector ( ), instead of the average values of ( ) and p. Essentially, it turns the turbulence closure problem into a study of turbulent sources for different geometries of interest.
where c2 = áu2 ñ is the spatial averaged squared velocity, and are defined as the averages of and , while the sources and n are averages of and n, respectively. As showed by Marmanis, taking c2 = áu2 ñ does not change significantly the pattern of velocity fields one get using eqn.(7) or eqn.(9). From now on, we refer to the above equations for averaged quantities as metafluid dynamics equations of motion.
Now, with the purpose to implement the analogy between the set of eqn.(9) with the Maxwell equations with sources in vacuum, note that these set of equations are identical if (magnetic field) corresponds to and (electric field) corresponds to . Furthermore, the analogy can be extended in order to include the potentials as well. In particular, the comparison suggests that the vector potential corresponds to the velocity field and the scalar potential to the Bernoulli energy function f.
Despite of all resemblance between hydrodynamic turbulence and electromagnetic theory, there is a conceptual difference in the identification of the physical entities. In the classical electromagnetism, the physical fields are the electric and magnetic fields while the potentials are just mathematical artifices. Oppositely, in the metafluid dynamics, the potentials are the entities which have physical significance.
From the geometric point of view and using the Lie algebra, Arnold  showed that Euler flow can be described in the Hamiltonian formalism in any dimension. This has a lot of interesting consequences for fluid mechanics and has been studied intensively[18,19]. However, it is not quite obvious that this process can be used when viscosity is taken in account. It is in this scenario where the metafluid dynamics births, revealing a way to find a Hamiltonian formalism for a turbulent flow with viscosity.
with and f = áFñ.
It is easy to see that this Lagrangian density gives us the equations of motion (9) for the homogeneous case (no sources).
Those equations of motion we got from the Lagrangian density (13) are the two last equations for the metafluid dynamics with no turbulent sources. The other two equations are obtained directly from and definitions. Taking the divergence of , we get the first of eqn.(9) and to get the second one, take the curl of eqn.(12).
that is the equality of the (intensive) mean injection and the mean dissipation rates of energy. The energy injection takes place at the distances of order of the integral scale by induction of big scale L eddies. According to the picture of the turbulent flow proposed in 1922 by Richardson , the big eddies induce still smaller eddies and so on transferring energy from large to small distance scales. This process should not lead to a loss of energy until sufficiently small distance scales, say, smaller than h (dissipative scales of Kolmogorov), are reached. On scales smaller than h, the dissipative term of the NS equation becomes important.
In the last sections, the analogy between turbulent hydrodynamics and Maxwell electromagnetism was explored and a gauge field theory to describe the turbulent fluid, called metafluid theory, was proposed, suggesting that this theory can be analyzed as a constrained system. Both systems are characterized in phase space by the presence of some functions that depend on the coordinates and canonical momenta, denominated constraints, which restrain the dynamics of the model. There are some methods to handle constrained systems, however we analyze the metafluid theory (n ¹ 0) from the symplectic point of view. In the appendix we present the symplectic formalism for completeness.
Note that the sympletic analysis opens up the possibility to investigate the metafluid dynamics in and out of the inertial range. In this paper, we analyse the physical contents behind the metafluid dynamics at the inertial range. The dynamics of metafluid theory out of inertial range will be investigated in a future work. It is important to regard that at the inertial range, despite of the existence of viscosity, there is no energy dissipation, then, the Bernoulli energy function (f) is constant. Due to this, W2 vanishes and, consequently, the hidden gauge symmetry of the metafluid theory is revealed.
We can observe that the gauge invariance is only preserved at the inertial range, where the Bernoulli energy function is constant.
Once we have the canonical quantization rule, we can apply standard Quantum Field Theory techniques to find the generating functional and, consequently, the correlation functions and all physical quantities [21,22] one wish. Despite given an prescription to quantize the metafluid dynamics, we will not discuss further this question. This subject is one of our present research.
which is the fourth equation in (9). The first equation and the second equation in (9) are obtained taking the curl of (3) and (50), respectively. The third is obtained taking the divergence of (51).
In this section, we give a geometrical interpretation to the gauge symmetry present on the metafluid theory (gauge field theory). The description of fundamental particle interaction, with the assistance of the gauge field theory, introduces extra degrees of freedom into the theory, that manifests itself in the singular nature of the respective Lagrangian or the presence of first class constraint in the equivalent Hamiltonian formulation. In this case, the phase space is larger than the physical one, which is a hypersurface determined by the constraints of the theory. In this gauge invariant scenario, the gauge potentials form an overcomplete basis and the gauge fields, which can be connected by an infinitesimal transformation, describe the same physical state. Thus, the gauge potentials are separated into equivalence classes with respect to the gauge group action, where each one denotes an orbit in the gauge field configuration. Transitions along(vertical) the orbits correspond to pure gauge transformations, consequently, these paths have no physical significance. Oppositely, perpendicular(horizontal) paths to the orbits describe the time evolution of the physical system, then, they are physically important to the theory. Hence, to find out the equations of motion for the physical fields consist in solving the problem of constructing the horizontal paths, which is computed just doing a correct definition of the metric in the orbit space. To do so, we follow process developed in , where the authors demonstrated that the physical (orbit) space is equipped with a natural projective metric.
which was also obtained in symplectic context.
At this stage, we would like to make some comments about the geometry associated to the gauge symmetry. From the Lagrangian (53), we identify a singular projective metric which defines a physical surface (orbit space) of the metafluid theory. Since this metric does not depend on the phase space fields, the curvature tensor is null, therefore, the orbit space is flat.
which agrees with the results obtained in the symplectic analysis.
Therefore, the current satisfies the divergenceless condition.
In this paper, we proposed to investigate incompressible turbulent hydrodynamics in the context of metafluid dynamics in order to open up the possibility to apply all the machinery very well known in quantum field theory. This investigation was possible due to the analogy of incompressible turbulent hydrodynamics with Maxwell electromagnetism. Exploiting this analogy, the Dirac brackets were computed through the symplectic formalism, which revealed a hidden symmetry presents on the metafluid gauge theory, only preserved in inertial range. Afterward, the geometrical meaning of the gauge symmetry was given, showing that the orbit space is flat and, consequently, the divergenceless condition (Ñ. = 0) is naturally obtained, at least in the inertial range. Subsequently, the wave equations for the transverse (horizontal) velocity field were computed, which was also obtained in , but written in terms of the velocity field, both horizontal (gauge invariant) and vertical (gauge variant) components.
This work was partially supported by CNPq and FAPEMIG. Three of us (A.C.R.M., F.I.T. and W.O.) thank to CNPq for the financial support and three of us (C.N., F.I.T. and W.O.) would like to thank FAPEMIG for partial support.
Since this tensor is nonsingular, the iterative process stops and the Diras brackets among the phase-space variables are obtained from the inverse matrix. On the other hand, if the tensor is singular, a new constraint arises and the iterative process goes on.
1This point is well discussed in Ref.


text:
Authors : Malikov A.M.; Umarov A.Sh.;
Keywords : archaeological materials; the Janids; urban structure; citadel; Registan; madrasas; mosques;
The authors analyze the main points of the town planning history of Samarkand in the 17th century. On the basis of written data, archaeological sources and unpublished archival materials, a reconstruction of the plan of the central part of Samarkand in the 17th century was carried out. The stages of the archaeological study are analyzed. Based on the observations of the earthworks on the territory of the former citadel of Timur and the ancient Samarkand, it was possible to identify some features of the topography of the administrative center of the city. On the basis of unpublished archival materials, the names of quarters, streets, quarter mosques of the city were revealed and the location of some of them was determined. Unpublished records of the results of archaeological studies on the location of monumental buildings that have not survived to the present in the Registan region are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the topography of one of the sacral centers of Samarkand in the area of the Shah-i-Zinda gates of the city. A hypothesis has been put forward that monumental buildings were built on the territory of the citadel, where with further archaeological studies it is possible to reveal unknown large architectural structures of the 16th –17th centuries.


Farmers who are members of Teagasc beef discussion groups were found to have higher output, higher costs and higher overall gross and net margins than non-members.
That's according to an independent evaluation report, 'Impact of Farmers Participating in Teagasc Beef Discussion Groups, 2012 to 2014', carried out by Broadmore research for Teagasc.
Also evidence from the farmer evaluation survey shows that the majority of discussion group members surveyed made improvements to overall profit (61%), liveweight gain (70%) and days at grass (75%).
Furthermore half of discussion group members have seen a financial benefit from their involvement in the group and the same proportion anticipates future financial benefits.
On average, beef farmers who are members of groups had higher output (€363 per hectare) and higher net margin (€95 per hectare). Discussion group members had higher stocking rates and achieved higher prices per head for their livestock.
According to the report social interaction within groups, outside of groups during regular farm activities and in nonfarm settings is an important benefit of discussion group membership.
It found group members provide emotional support to each other in managing and developing their farm businesses. Social interaction also builds trust between farmers and between farmers and their facilitator.
The report also found that three quarters of participants intend to stay in groups after the BTAP scheme comes to an end.
Teagasc Director, Professor Gerry Boyle said Teagasc is committed to further developing discussion groups as a means of engaging with farmers.
"The publication of this report is timely as we reach the end of the current BTAP Programme. Teagasc is committed to working with farmer discussion groups towards improving the technical efficiency and profitability on beef farms," he said.


text:
Emerson Touts Reliability Focus, Showcases New Products at 2014 Users Exchange
While the presentations at the 2014 Emerson Global Users Exchange varied widely around the theme of "Inspiring Ingenuity," it was clear that the message for the delegation of press gathered to cover the event was Reliability, Reliability, Reliability.
Matt Migliore
Robert DiStefano at 2014 Emerson Global Users Exchange
Robert DiStefano, general manager of Reliability Consulting for Emerson's Process Systems and Solutions business unit, discusses the rationale for Emerson's reliability strategy at the 2014 Emerson Global Users Exchange.
Emerson Process Management hosted its 2014 Global Users Exchange, Oct. 6–10 in Orlando. The event, which is run by a conference board made up of a majority of end-users and a minority of Emerson employees, attracted an estimated 3,200 attendees from 57 countries to partake in a range of technical sessions, networking opportunities, and exhibits focused on four main conference tracks: Measure & Analyze, Operate & Maintain, Final Control & Regulate, and Solve & Support. And while the presentations varied widely around the theme of "Inspiring Ingenuity," it was clear that the message for the delegation of press gathered to cover the Exchange was Reliability, Reliability, Reliability.
READ ALSO: Flowmeter Repeatability & Reproducibility—Measuring the true performance of your flowmetering system
"We're here to tell you we're in the reliability business," said Jim Nyquist, group vice president of PlantWeb Solutions for Emerson Process Management, during a press conference on the opening day of the Exchange. "And we intend to become the most influential reliability business in the world."
Emerson's reliability focus was kicked into high gear in May of this year when it announced that it had acquired Management Resources Group Inc. of Sandy Hook, Conn. Founded in 1987, MRG is a recognized player in the reliability space, and Emerson is clearly working to bring MRG's expertise to its existing customer base.
Emerson believes the synergy it shares with MRG makes logical sense from an end-user's perspective. Emerson brings the sensor data and asset management capability, while MRG brings the consulting expertise to drive reliability and process uptime through the Emerson solution set. As a result, Emerson believes it can deliver the benefits of improved safety, availability, and profitability.
According to the U.S. National Response Center, it costs an average of 50 percent more to repair a failed asset than it does to address a problem prior to failure. For every 1 percent gain in availability, Nyquist said a typical 200,000 BDP refinery will add $8.4 million of additional margin capture per year.
Robert DiStefano, general manager of Reliability Consulting for Emerson's Process Systems and Solutions business unit, said that top performing plants spend an average of 1.4 percent of their investment on maintenance. For a $1 billion plant, that means $14 million spent on maintenance. Meanwhile, he said poor performing plants spend an average of 3.5 times more on maintenance, or $49 million for a $1 billion plant. By turning poor-performing plants into top-performing plants, DiStefano said an estimated $50 billion in cost savings and 5 percent of capacity/availability is at stake globally. He said these numbers are getting the attention of C-level executives, so much so that reliability is now a board-level issue for the wide majority of industrial companies. Ultimately, this is the reason Emerson believes reliability is an important business strategy going forward.
To capitalize on this opportunity, DiStefano said management consulting is needed to mentor and coach executives to properly build their culture and incentivize effective action among maintenance and operation personnel. Citing the recent publication of the ISO 5500 series of asset management standards (January 2014), he said there is significant momentum behind industrial reliability. ISO 5500 is based on PAS 55, the first publicly available specification for optimizing the management of physical assets and the product of a joint collaboration by the Institute of Asset Management and the British Standards Institution. PAS 55 was issued in 2004 and updated in 2008 before ISO accepted it as the basis for ISO 5500.
Kevin Shoemaker, senior vice president of operations for bio-based ingredients maker Corbion, said his company worked closely with MRG to develop an organizational culture that focuses on reliability. "You have to have significant changes in the way you see the world," said Shoemaker, who explained that Corbion, like many industrial process companies, previously viewed maintenance as a task only to be performed when something was broken. "I can't emphasize how much of a journey [a reliability culture] is and how much of a paradigm shift is required to make [it] happen," he said.
During his keynote address at the Emerson Users Exchange, Steve Sonnenberg, president of Emerson Process Management, explained the key role sensors play in the quest to improve equipment reliability. Citing statistics compiled by ARC Advisory Group, Sonnenberg said 80 percent of unplanned equipment downtime is preventable through advanced sensing. "The more of these problems that we can sense, the more that we can solve before they cause us shutdown. We call this idea of gaining insight from more sensors throughout the plant 'Pervasive Sensing.'"
In addition, Sonnenberg said Emerson is working to make the process of planned shutdowns more efficient. "Sometimes even planned downtime can be a problem, if there's too much of it," said Sonnenberg. With the aim of addressing this issue, Emerson is offering a turnaround planning service that is designed to help users reduce the frequency and length of their turnarounds.
Based on the themes discussed at the Exchange, it is clear that Emerson sees reliability as a business strategy. With the addition of MRG's consulting expertise and the sensing capability it brings through its technology portfolio, Emerson believes it is uniquely positioned to enable end-users to maximize profitability and efficiency through improved plant uptime.
Technology Roundup
From a technology perspective, Emerson offered up several product announcements that are relevant for flow control systems. The following roundup offers highlights from among the showcase technologies at the 2014 Emerson Global Users Exchange.
Coriolis flow transmitter for improved measurement insight: The Micro MotionModel 5700 is a Coriolis flow transmitter designed to translate measurement data into meaningful insight and instruction. It is applicable for a range of applications, from liquid and gas custody transfer to simple process control. The Model 5700 provides users access to detailed measurement history for troubleshooting or optimizing the process. The graphical user interface was designed for intuitive operation, with simplified installation, configuration, maintenance, and troubleshooting. The new transmitter translates Coriolis measurement data into useful operating insight through robust, time-stamped history files for process and meter health data, and logs for configuration changes and alarms. The Model 5700 digital signal processing architecture provides fast flow response time, making it a good fit for custody-transfer proving and short batching applications. The historian feature also adds an element to Micro Motion Smart Meter Verification, which provides measurement of the full meter health without process interruption.
Magnetic flowmeter line with new safety and diagnostic features: The Rosemount 8700M Magnetic Flowmeter line is designed to provide enhanced safety for hazardous-area applications along with intelligent diagnostics. These features aim to help users across a variety of industries take advantage of improved installation, maintenance and process management practices. Glass feed-throughs transmit signals between isolated compartments of the transmitter enclosure, providing a barrier for safety and reliability. The all-welded sensor design and dual-compartment transmitter housing are designed to keep critical components isolated from environmental hazards—a leading cause of electronics failures. Enhanced diagnostics, including Smart Meter Verification and Electrode Coating Detection provide users with more information about the flowmeter, installation and process. The Electrode Coating Detection diagnostic identifies coating on the electrode before the sensor signal is compromised, helping to prevent inaccurate flow measurement. The 8700M line leverages Human Centered Design concepts to make it easier to install and use. With a fully functional through the glass Local Operator Interface (LOI), all diagnostic information is at the tip of a finger in any environment. An enhanced terminal compartment with larger connections on the sensor and transmitter simplify field wiring.
Wireless totalizing transmitter for flow measurement in remote applications: The Rosemount 705 Wireless Totalizing Transmitter is designed to install on new or existing turbine meters or pulse devices to deliver flow and totalized flow volume over time. The totalizing transmitter also delivers predictive diagnostics data to indicate instrument health and support timely maintenance to intervene on issues before they affect operations. The transmitter provides flow rate and totalization in an operator-configurable unit with security lockout to protect from tampering, remote installation flexibility, 1 second update to ensure timely information, and configurable k-factor to enable installation on any turbine meter or pulse device. The new transmitter is scheduled for release in the second quarter of 2015.
Electro-hydraulic operator for remote valve emergency shutdown applications: The Bettis EHO actuator is designed to handle critical shutdown situations where dependability is a must. The EHO is available in either spring-return or double-acting configurations. Torque outputs can handle valve sizes from 6" to 60". The EHO operates on utility electrical power or optional solar power for remote areas where electric power is not available or not reliable. The EHO is operable in temperatures ranging from -40 F to 140 F (-40 C to 60 C). Its fail safe capability is reliable with fast close or open stroke times, suitable for emergency shutdown in oil or gas service.
Intelligent electric valve actuator with compact profile and simplified digital controls: The EIM Model 500 with TEC2 Electronics is an electric actuator for use in rotary and linear valve applications. The TEC2 electronics are designed to provide the visibility, insight and reliable control needed for effective plant operations. In today's plant environment, getting timely information on valve operation in process units is key to reducing costly downtime. The TEC2 electronics provide ready information on actuator status and diagnostics that help operations avoid unscheduled maintenance. The Model 500, with its compact size, light weight, and advanced electronics, automates small valves used in tight piping configurations and can be utilized with a Remote Display Module for difficult-to-observe applications. With increased stem acceptance, the Model 500 accommodates a variety of valve mounting options. Maintenance and setup are simplified with a non-intrusive design that eliminates the need to open control compartments. Model 500 actuators utilize an open network control architecture allowing a range of topologies and protocols including Modbus, HART, Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, DeviceNet, and Ethernet to integrate into existing or new communication networks.
Lightweight, rugged wireless transmitter for single-point temperature measurement: The Rosemount 248 Wireless temperature transmitter is designed for cost-effective, single-point measurements. It complements the Smart Wireless temperature family that includes high performance and high density wireless measurement devices. The new temperature transmitter is intended for the harshest environments, with a compact design polymer housing delivers high impact strength even after extensive exposure—from extreme temperatures to salt spray from marine environments. The 248 Wireless temperature transmitter is lightweight and enables direct mounting to the process. The 248 Wireless transmitter is fully compatible with any IEC-approved WirelessHART network, a network that delivers information-rich data with 99 percent data reliability. It also offers configurable process alerts to allow the user to set alerts at certain temperatures for unique applications. It accepts 2, 3, and 4-wire RTD and thermocouple inputs, mV or ohm inputs. It offers an integral antenna and an optional five-digit LCD display. Availability is scheduled for February 2015.
Online Guided Wave Radar Integrity Testing: The Verification Reflector function, now available with the Rosemount5300 Series GWR transmitters, is designed for applications requiring periodical transmitter integrity tests to ensure that the level measurement device functions correctly and overfilling will not occur. The 5300 with Verification Reflector enables automated transmitter integrity tests without stopping the process or manually raising the product level in the vessel. This feature aims to help to reduce the risk of accidental spills and enables either device verification or proof-testing to be completed much faster. There is no need to climb the tank to remove the test measurement device or open the tank to monitor levels. This helps to reduce costs, increase plant uptime, and improve staff safety. In the past, most guided wave radar transmitters have required the fluid level in the vessel to be raised to the alarm point. The fluid has to be moved in and out of the tank under test, increasing the risk of spills. The process can take up to half a day to complete, which can interrupt normal activities. The process needs to be supervised by operators to monitor the tank level, increasing health and safety risks due to the possibility of exposure to the tank contents. The Verification Reflector function eliminates the need for this procedure by using an adjustable reference reflector fitted to the probe of the guided wave radar. During commissioning, the location and amplitude characteristics of the reflector are stored in the transmitter. When the test procedure is later initiated, the stored reflector data is compared to the current measurement to verify the integrity of the measurement electronics and upper part of the probe.
Modular gas chromatograph for natural gas custody transfer measurement applications: The Danalyzer 370XA Gas Chromatograph (GC) is designed to provide reliable measurement accuracy, minimal maintenance, and greater ease of use for continuous online analysis of natural gas for applications, such as custody transfer, power generation, and burner fuel/air ratio control. The Danalyzer 370XA provides a C6+ analysis similar to legacy Danalyzer GCs in a much smaller and simpler form. New and experienced users alike will appreciate the latest advances in technology, improved diagnostics, and intuitive local operator interface (LOI), all of which come standard. A unique advantage of the Danalyzer 370XA is the Maintainable Module, which incorporates the analytical components in an easily removable module. The Maintainable Module can be replaced in the field in under two hours (including warm-up and purge) to reduce downtime and can also be maintained at the component level for cost-effective repair.
Matt Migliore is the director of content for Flow Control magazine and FlowControlNetwork.com. He can be reached at 610 828-1711 or Matt@GrandViewMedia.com. Follow Matt on Google+. Connect with Matt on LinkedIn.


On Good Friday, 1937, Jesus requested that St. Faustina make a special novena, before the Feast of Mercy, from Good Friday through the following Saturday. He himself dictated the intentions for each day. By means of this specific prayer, she was to bring to His heart a different group of souls each day and thus immerse them in the ocean of His mercy, begging the Father – on the strength of Jesus' Passion – for graces for them.


text:
Q: Access members of nested class class A
{
        class B
        {
                int x;
        }

public:
        void printX() { std::cout << ????; }
}

How can I access the x variable from the A class function? I can't make it static either...
I tried everything but it either tells me I need an object in order to access it or the compiler doesn't find the function.

A:
it either tells me I need an object [...]

Think about that.  Because that's exactly what the problem is here.
If you instantiate an A, you don't also get a B. A nested class isn't a member variable of the enclosing class.  It's really just another way to change the namespace of a class.
So, you need an instance of B.  Perhaps a member of A?
class A
{
        class B
        {
        public:
                int x;
        } mB;

public:
        void printX() { std::cout << mB.x; }
};

A: You don't ever declare an instance of the class B inside A. You need to do something like this:
    class A
    {
            class B
            {
            public:
                    int x;
            };

            B b;

    public:
            void printX() { std::cout << b.x; }
    };

A: You don't. You do need an object in order to use the x variable. You could, however make it static. The problem with your example is x is not public. Placing B inside A does not make B part of A, it only changes B's scope.
From this example it kinda looks like you're after inheritance instead. This would give you the effect you're after ( access to all B's methods and variables without making an object. )
Class B
{
protected:
    int x;
}
Class A : B
{
    void printX() { std::cout << x; }
}


This apartments home located at 89 Waterfront Drive, Bedford is currently for sale and has been available on Zolo.ca for 277 days. This property is listed at $329,900 with an estimated mortgage of $1,214* per month. It has 2 beds and 2 bathrooms. The property was built in 2003. 89 Waterfront Drive, Bedford is in the Bedford neighborhood Bedford. Halifax, Kearney Lake and Dartmouth are nearby neighborhoods.
Property Details Home facts for 103 - 89 Waterfront Drive: utilities, exterior, parking etc.
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If you're researching the building and what it has to offer, take a look at condos for sale at 89 Waterfront Drive. As of today, there are 16 Bedford condos on the market, 35 Bedford condos for sale.
89 Waterfront Drive is a property located in Bedford, Nova Scotia. It is based in the district of Bedford in Bedford. Halifax, Kearney Lake and Dartmouth are nearby neighborhoods. Waterfront Drive has 6 homes presently for sale, while the area of Bedford has 156 properties for sale. That's just 76.85% of the 203 total listings on the market in the city of Bedford. To live in Bedford an approximate monthly mortgage of $1,883 is normal.* Properties list for an average of $515,916. The majority of available postings in the district around 89 Waterfront Drive are houses.


Home » Blog » Why choose vehicle transportation company?
With most of India's development being limited to metropolitan cities, at some point of time we have to consider to move out of our city and relocate for better opportunities. Relocation means to move with your goods and as well. So the idea of relocation might sound little easy to you but in reality it takes a lot of planning and hardwork. Moreover, if you are relocating to new metropolitan city like Kolkata then you must carry your vehicle along with your goods as well so that you can get along with the office and fast paced life. But If you think that you can drive your car instead of hiring some company to do that, then think again.
Are you trained enough to drive safely with unfamiliar road signs and in unknown territory. What would you do in the event of a breakdown en route?
Here comes the role of Car carriers in Kolkata as driving from one city to another might be tiring and time consuming as well.
If we have taken Kolkata for assumption then let's consider it to be your next city. Famous for historic monuments and Howrah bridge, the city of joy is definitely a place one can look forward to for relocation. Delicious food, cheap stay and friendly people is what makes this city an awesome place.
But wait! Aren't we forgetting the bad roads, Taxi snarls and lack of transport facilities? That's why to move to this city you need best Car Transportation Service in Kolkata for hassle and damage free delivery of your vehicle. .
There are thousands of car carriers in and around Kolkata that provide best service. Such companies can easily be found and compared through Movemycar. Hiring car carriers from this web platform will prove much more advantageous than any other source.
These top Car carriers in Kolkata cater for all your requirements with highest range of standards. Door to door collection, computerized tracking and desired location delivery with storage facilities if required, enclosed carriers, precision loading, & comprehensive insurance cover, are all services that a top Vehicle Haulage Company will provide for your peace of mind.
Movement of car requires a knowledgeable and specialist handling and storage to avoid careless damage and breakages. In some cases special licensing and insurance is also required. Transportation companies have the necessary expertise, equipment & insurance coverage to deal with all problems.
So choosing Car Transportation Service in Kolkata can often save you considerable time and money in the long run.


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Media > Comedy Goldmine
The Customer is always an Ass
Tuesday, Jun 06, 2006 by Tekky "Jumpman16" Andrew-Jaja
The worst day for the multimedia section was the PSP launch. By then I was working in a fairly dangerous inner- city store. I was the best salesman in the store, so I was naturally put in charge of the PSP section. And I had to carry one around to demonstrate to people, let them have a play on it. It was tied to wrist, and under no circumstances was it to be removed. I even had a bodyguard for the day, the store was so worried we'd have a smash and grab. When the store gives you a bodyguard, you start to worry. Especially when employees from the other electronic stores on the retail park start telling you about how they've had guys knocked out when carrying the PSPs. Which is why ours was strapped to my wrist. They made sure it was strapped in such a way that tugging on it only made it tighter. I did not feel a safe man that day. If people wanted this thing so badly that they were willing to knock people out for it, I really didn't want the bloody thing tied securely to my sodding wrist! And to make matters worse, I had to wear a bright white t-shirt with PSP logos all over it that was a size or two too small for me.
Of course, everyone wanted to play the PSP, and we let them. I lost count of how many times I had to tell people that it had to stay attached for security reasons. After that explanation, as usual most people were cool with it, and just got on with having a quick game of whatever game we had in.
But of course, you got people demanding to be allowed to play the PSP without its human anchor, and also wanting to try out every game we sold. Again, I was threatened a few times, only now it was worse than the old store because I was being threatened by gang members and what-have-you rather than angry dads. Thank god for my bodyguard is all I can say about that.
As to be expected, we sold out within a half hour of opening, as we'd told customers we would for weeks in advance. But I was told that I still had to carry mine around, which led to a lot of confusion.
"Do you have PSPs?"
"No, we already sold out."
"What's that on your wrist then?"
"A PSP."
"Can I not buy that one?"
"Sorry, it's a display model."
I'd go on to explain that we'd been using it to display for about six weeks, and showed them that on closer inspection it was already scratched to fuck, which thye were pretty alright with.
Except one guy. Things eventually quietened down in the early afternoon, and the bodyguard went for a quick coffee. Indian fellow walks into the store with about six small boys in tow. The way he's walking, you could tell he was already in a bad mood, no doubt having wandered most of the city looking for a PSP. He marches right up to me, getting right in my face, and demands I give him my PSP, while his six kids mob me and start tugging violently on the PSP, my arms, my shirt and my legs. Freaked me the hell out. I explain that it's only a demonstration model, and not for sale. He says that if we're out of stock we shouldn't be demonstrating one. I agree, but tell him I'm only a shop assistant, and it's not down to me. So he grabs me by the collar, and pulls me even closer to him, telling me that I must give him the PSP, or he'd gut me with the knife he said he had in his pocket. Even the "gangstas" weren't as bad as this guy. The section manager and store manager step in at this point to split us up, as the rest of the park's security staff come running in. They'd been warned by the games stores in town about this guy, and were expecting him. If there's one thing I like about working retail, is that stores will always tell each other about problem customers, so we can be ready for them.
PSPs continued to sell out, and Sony brought out a new "Giga Pack", which was a lot more expensive because it comes with a massive memory card. As I said earlier, we got a lot of grief about the companies' inflexible deals, and customers didn't like being told that yes, we did have PSPs, but only at around £400.
And of course, a few months after the PSP business, we had the exact same thing again with the Xbox 360. I had a nervous breakdown and I've not been back to work since.
It's times like these where I whip out my favorite story from working two years in retail.
Now I worked at a shitty department store in a rural part of the south. We get some of the worst customers on the planet to come into our store. They're generally on the low-end of the income spectrum and tend to be assholes about everything.
Anyways, it was a Saturday morning and these two kids came into the store. Immediately our stock guy noticed something funny about them and tailed them throughout the store. They soon approached electronics and when they thought the coast was clear they swiped 5 DVDs and started toward the back exit of the store. Our boss catches them before they can make it to the exit. She starts escorting them to the front when one of them bolts for the door. The only problem being that he's running toward the door marked "entrance." I watch this kid slam into the door like Wile E. Coyote. SPLAT. So he gets up and continues his mad dash toward the back of the store. I don't know what happened, but something just snapped within me, and I started chasing after him. I ended up chasing this fucker down at least a block when we both stopped to catch our breath. He started up with the typical homeboy routine: "Im about to whup yo ass man! Get the fuck away from me!" So I actually pressed forward to him when he grabbed the only thing nearby to stop my pursuit: a pile of pebbles. This kid began to throw pebbles at me like they were boulders. Finally, he just ran off when my manager showed up. She told me to head back inside and wait for the cops to show up.
You think that would be the end of it and the kid would be smart enough to not come back. No, this dumb motherfucker came back to get the bike he left in the back of the store. He was actually walking his bike up the center aisle of the store screaming "I AIN'T DO SHIT MOTHERFUCKERS! Y'ALL AINT GOT NOTHING ON ME!" This time I made sure he wasn't getting out because I locked the doors from the inside. I barracade the door myself and he's shuffling with me to get out when a customer walks in, leaving a door wide open. We both head for the door and he's almost out of it when I slam the door on his face. He pushes me down and opens the door. He runs into the person outside of the door: a cop. The cop grabs him, and greets him. "Hey! How are you today?" she asks, and then slams him on the ground.
What's best about this story is that all of it is on tape.
My first job was at a Hollywood Video. One night, a man and his wife stroll in and pick out their movies. The husband pays while the wife waits by the door. It turns out that they had returned their previous movies late and the husband had kindly paid the late fees. He mentions this to his wife as they head towards the door. That's when it all goes to shit.
The wife becomes absolutely ENRAGED and starts shouting at the female cashier, saying it was not possible that they returned movies late. She is screaming for a refund for the late fees, so the girl frantically starts going through the keystrokes to make this happen. All the while, the wife is still cursing and shouting to beat the band. Everyone else in the store has stopped to watch at this point.
I guess the young girl simply couldn't do the refund fast enough, and sensing danger, the manager steps in and takes over doing the refund. As the manager is getting the money, the woman is still raising hell. Then, one of our regular customers walks in. This man rented every day and since it relates to the story, I will mention that he is black.
He comes over and asks about the shouting and someone fills him in. The woman is still screaming, saying things like: "I ain't paying no late fees. I'm the baddest mother fucker that ever walked in here!" Clearly ticked off that this crazy lady is berating the staff, our faithful customer pulls out some cash and lays it in front of the woman. He says "Damn woman, I'll pay your late fees." The woman's response to this is: "I DON'T NEED YOUR DRUG MONEY, NIGGER!"
At this point, the crazy woman's husband, sensing that she's probably about to get killed steps in and says "Honey, it's going to be OK, just calm down!" With this, she draws back and slaps her husband HARD across the face. He says "Fuck it, I'll be out in the car." The manager tosses the refund at her and she storms out. The manager closes her account and everyone in the store stands around for a couple minutes trying to figure out what exactly just took place.
I remember a late night I was driving back from a spanish class I had been taking in community college. As it happened, my mom called me to ask if I could pick up some groceries she had forgotten at the store. "wonderful", I thought to myself, a twenty minute detour after an hour and fourty five minutes clumsily disguised as college spanish. I take the exit from the throughway and half dozen or so green lights led me to the parking lot of the grocery store where condensed soup had been the sale item of the week.
It was late in the evening and the mid april sky was slowly darkening, like black gloves slowly being drawn over orange stained hands. The store was empty all but for the employees and a few late shoppers, mostly aged bachelors deciding which frozen dinner to eat with their single set of dishware. Passing carts filled with unmarked or expired stock and through the narrow corral chute of the twelve-items-or-less register lead to a sort of lost and found counter. My footsteps met the eyes of a tired looking clerk itching to punch out and get the hell out of dodge. I told him about the rogue groceries and he told me to wait there while he went to find out where they even put groceries people had forgotten.
As I stood there I noticed a heavyset girl of likely no more than 14 manning one of the registers. She was ringing up an older looking man of about fourty or so, his clothes gave him the apperance of being a beaurocrat of some kind, a starched white shirt and loose frock coat hung about his shoulders. The girl carefully took each of his items and put them in a plastic bag, a jar of mayonaise, a tube of toothpase and six pack of fruit-at-the-bottom yougurt was all the man had been shopping for.
Suddenly the man errupted in anger, evidently he diddnt want a plastic bag as it would not stop his purchases from rolling in the trunk of his car. Quickly and seemingly automatically the girl tied a knot with the two loops of the bag's handles. This only enfuriated the man further "what are you a fucking idiot?!" the man shouted. The girl errupted in tears, breaking the composure rarely found in the young when confronted with assholes. By this time I was already walking twoard the man with a set of fingers bent around the imaginary roll of quarters in my palm.
"excuse me" I said "can't you see this girl is just a kid? Why are you yelling? What's wrong with you?" "Mind your own fucking buisness" was all the man said, pivoting one leg to one side as if he could see just what I was thinking. Just then the manager, a fat guy in a red vest, came in along with a woman, the girl's mother. The woman shot first, this guy was getting his ass verbally handed to him by this underpaid, overworked and quite obviously pissed clerk. The manager, I, and the woman spent the next ten minutes trying to just get the guy to leave or better yet shut up about the angry letter he was going to write.
"Alright, I'll take care of you at this register here" the girl's mother said. The man made a reluctant move before being cut short. "Not you" she said, "the gentleman." Gesturing twoards me. The man diddnt say another word, he just paid and got out after the manager rang him up. I left the grocery store with what my mom had left but aside from what was in my plastic bag, I walked out carrying some small piece of satisfaction that I had done a good thing.
This was my mom's story, when she was a waitress at a bar in 1975--
My mom was a young Chinese woman, American born, in a predominantly white area. She worked through college, waitressing at a bar.
Four young women, between 25-30, came into the bar on a "girls' night out." They ordered their complicated drinks. My mom took the order, and went to the bar to have the bartender prepare them. Mom returned to the table, and gave the women their drinks--But, apparently, the bartender had the order wrong? "This isn't what I ordered at all," one sneered at my mom's and the bartender's incompetence. The woman sent the drink back. Mom went to the bar, asked the bartender if he indeed made it correctly--Which he had, he'd been working as a bartender for 15 years, he knew what he was doing.
She took the drink, poured it into a new glass, and brought it back to the table.
"Oh, this is much better. It's good to see you can fix your mistakes."
Yeah, right, you snooty bitch.
I used to work at a major UK out-of-town electrical retailer 10 years or so back where I had the pleaseure of working with S, the most sarcastic man on the face of the planet. Luckily, he was also deputy manager, so this meant we had quite a bit of fun with angry customers in our time.
For example, we used to sell a particularly massive and ludicrously over-priced Aiwa midi hifi system for about £800. One day, a very red, very angry and very steroid-fuelled man stormed into the store with this Aiwa midi system, slammed it down on the counter and immediately started showering everyone with profanities and spittle. "I'VE JUST SPENT EIGHT HUNDRED FUCKING QUID ON THIS FUCKING HIFI AND IT DOESN'T FUCKING WORK. I'VE DRIVEN 30 FUCKING MILES HOME WITH IT, AND 30 FUCKING MILES BACK, WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT?"
During the tirade, S was poking around with the hifi, getting it all plugged in so he could see what the fault was. Once powered up, Mr Angry proceeded to demonstrate that pushing play on the CD did indeed result in "NOTHING FUCKING COMING OUT OF THE FUCKING SPEAKERS" and pointed out in his eloquent way that he'd like to know "WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT?" At that point, S simply leant over, hit the clearly labelled 'disable speakers' button and said, "I'm going to turn your fucking speakers on, sir," as music blared around the store.
You've never seen someone go from angry psycho to sheepish apologetic moron so quickly.
At one particular store I used to work at, we had an on-site engineer's desk which would allow us to quickly diagnose if something really was "FUCKING BROKEN" or was actually A-OK. Often there would be a bit of a backlog of items to get through, so we'd take people's broken items off them, book them in and give them a shout once we'd checked it out.
Of course for some people this wasn't enough, they needed their item looking at NOW, and not a second later. This was the case with a very prim and proper lady who brought us a VCR that had stopped accepting tapes. It was still under warranty, but obviously we needed to make sure it was indeed broken before we swapped it, so we booked it in for the engineer to look at and asked her for her contact details so we could let her know the outcome. She was having none of it.
She went off on one about consumer rights, about how she would be talking to her solicitor and how she wouldn't allow anyone to be served until this was sorted out. Bearing in mind this was during the run-up to Christmas, you can imagine the kind of queue that formed. Apparantly the fact that the engineer was at lunch and couldn't look at it now even if we OK'd it escaped her, it just Was. Not. Good enough (TM).
After 20 solid minutes of arguing about her rights, about how a VCR should last longer than 8 months, and about how much we sucked, the in-store engineer happened to wander past on the way back from lunch, so rather than drag this out any longer, we bowed to her menacing air and ugly face and asked him if he'd pop the top off the VCR that was currently sat on the counter and have a quick look. So out come the screwdrivers, off comes the top of the VCR and what do we see but A VCR CHOCK FULL OF CUSTARD CREAMS! The woman's face went the brightest red you've ever seen and a line of customers all started absolutely pissing themselves laughing as she grabbed her player off the counter and practically ran out of the store.
My Mum, Dad and myself used to run a Post Office in a small backwater town, on a small backwater estate of 95% elderly people. Working in this place actually gave me a breakdown, but we won't get into that.
My grandfather died, and as a result, we closed the post office and shop on the day of the funeral. We put up signs to explain we would be closing, and the reason why.
One man came in, picked up his morning paper, read the sign and stalked up to me at the desk. He pointed at the sign and said, "does this mean I won't be able to get my morning paper?! That's disgraceful."
My father promptly banned him from the shop for "being disgraceful yourself".
About 50% of the 'morning paper people' didn't read the sign, and gave me shit all the next morning about 'why were you shut?'. Most apologised after I explained 'I'm sorry, my grandfather died and we were at his funeral', but some stared at me like I'd just told them 'We had the day off to spite you' and stalked off out.
The best customer story to come out of this place happened to my mum, and I wish I'd been there to see it.
We had one guy who was an asshole. He used to beat his wife, who as a result would come down every day and buy one or two bottles of gin from us. Occasionally, she'd come back after drinking them, but we'd turn her away because she was clearly intoxicated. Occasionally, she'd come down all upset and ask for alcohol on tab because 'my husband took my money away again'. My Dad would allow us do it- only for her, because we felt so sorry for her.
She came in with her arm in a sling once, because he'd pushed her over. He blacked her eye so hard she couldn't see, and regulary beat her. I'm not surprised she was an alcoholic, but once in a drunken state to my Dad she confessed she wouldn't leave him because 'I don't want to be lonely, no-one will have me, only he will'. That poor woman.
So, this guy came in on a Saturday morning. He'd come earlier and bought a copy of the Daily Mail, which this particular day, was wrapped in a plastic bag because it contained a scratch card of some type. The whole paper was concealed in this bag. He slammed the paper down at the desk, and said to my mum "there was no scratch card in my paper."
My mum said "there's nothing I can do, the papers came wrapped when we received them. It isn't our responsibility."
The guy glares at her and says "well, open another fucking paper then!"
Mum explains she can't going to open another paper for his scratch card, and that he should call the paper company directly and see if they would send him one.
The guy loses his temper, screams something along the lines of "FUCKING WHORE" and rolls the heavy paper up (anyone from the UK will know the size of a weekend paper), throwing it straight at my mum's head.
My Dad tried to climb over the counter to floor the guy, another customer physically barred him and said "it's not worth it, let it go, call the police."
So Mum- who's alright, a bit stunned, but alright- gets on the phone to the police, who classed it as assault, and came straight up.
The guy flees- leaving his paper- and goes back home. We know his address, having delivered groceries to his poor wife occasionally, and send the police up there. When they arrive, he won't open the door, and sets his dog on the policeman. I don't actually know if they charged him, or what came of that, I really should ask my parents.
The next week, he comes in to collect his pension. He steps in the door, like nothing's happened, and my Dad laughs and yells "get out."
"You can't ban me!" He screeches. "My pension book reads this post office!"
People's books are marked with the name of the Post Office they're meant to go to to collect it. You can collect it at a 'foreign' post office, twice if I remember correctly in the life of the book, and you receive a stamp each time you do.
My Dad picks up the phone behind him, and says "I'm callingto authorize you collecting it there without needing a stamp. Get the fuck out, I never want to see you on my property again."
"You can't ban me!"
"I just did. Piss off."
The guy stares at him, and storms off out. Later than day, his wife pokes her head in the door and asks meekly "does this mean I'm barred, too?" We welcomed her in, and explained no, not you, just your husband.
She came down a LOT more after that. Part of me wonders if it was because she saw our shop as a place he couldn't physically get to her, without being removed immediately.
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The Comedy Goldmine examines the funniest and most creative threads from the Something Awful Forums. Although the Comedy Goldmine has changed authors many times over the years, its focus on the Something Awful Forums is still the same. Includes hilarious Photoshops, amusing work stories, parodies, and other types of oddball humor.
Accuracy in game titles
Kids say the Devastatingest Things
Truth In Movie Titles
Retarded Customer Questions, Part II
Retarded Customer Questions, Part I
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The Saddest Foods
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MOTORCYCLES, CARS, TRUCKS AND MORE!
A vintage country show, organised and run by locals to raise money for Local, National and International good causes.
Over 400 Vintage and ClassIc Cars, Tractors, Motorbikes, Commercial Vehicles, Stationary Engines and other machines.
The 14th World Egg Throwing Championships.
Novelty Dog Show, Kung Fu Demonstration, Go Dance Display, Live Music and much more!
"What a great show and family day out!
From putting up the stand to leaving we enjoyed it all. Plenty of foot fall at the stand and lots of people stopping to talk with us. A really well organised set up which made it easy for us on arrival and when we left.
Not sure we shall enter the egg throwing championships though !
"Just a quick note to say "thank you" for a really good Vintage Day last Sunday.
We have been as visitors for some years and for the last two as stallholders.
On Sunday we were welcomed in, shown our pitch and set up. There was plenty of space in the walkways and everything was sensibly laid out.
Stallholders and members of the public all seemed to be enjoying the day – there was plenty to do and watch for all ages, and the background of live music was good.
"It didn't seem very big when i first drove in , but couldn't believe how long it took to get around all the displays when i got there.
Cars, trucks, tractors, steam engines. motorbikes, all from the first years of production to present day, cakes stalls ( yum yum) also in a large tent lots crafts stalls and the prices to buy were really decent, food lots of it and not over priced greasy rubbish.
"I was surprised that so much was going on. The Egg throwing was very skillful at times and I couldn't believe there were teams from the other side of the world taking part.
"I spent the full day at the show helping on the gate for part of it. It is such a well planned and organised show with so many things to see. There are so many classic vehicles to see with the owners happy to chat to you about them and many events in the ring that keep you entertained all day.
"All very well organised family day out. Food, entertainment, children's activities and even dog owners taken into account.
Our 2018 show raised around £7000 for good causes.
Our 2017 show raised around £7500 for good causes.
Our 2016 show raised around £7000 for good causes.
Many thanks to all who volunteered their time in the build-up, on the day and clearing up afterwards.


High-quality, sporty all-weather jacket with elaborate details. The two-way zips boast a pendant based on the design of the BMW M4 sports steering wheel. Quilted inner lining in the design of a BMW M4 air inlet grille. Hidden sleeve cuffs and a hidden half button strip underscore the individual look.
BMW M Performance Cap, Unisex.


The country of Trinidad and Tobago consists of two large islands and several smaller landmasses in the Caribbean Sea, off the northeast coast of South America. Once a British colony, today Trinidad and Tobago is among the most prosperous and developed of the Caribbean nations. Many international companies have established factories or facilities on the island, and it is a leading producer of oil and natural gas. The two main islands that give the country its name are very different. Trinidad, the larger island, is densely populated. It is home to steel mills, oil fields, factories, livestock farms, and sugarcane estates, and has become a regional financial center. The mountainous island of Tobago, on the other hand, is far less developed. Located about 20 miles (32 kilometers) to the northeast of Trinidad, Tobago's economy depends heavily on tourism. There's a lot to discover about Trinidad and Tobago!


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a) S64 of Income Tax Act 2007 (ITA 2007) allows the trade loss to be offset against net income of the loss-making year, and/or of the previous tax year. The two claims are independent and can be made in any order. The claim is not mandatory, and the taxpayer can decide not to make it. This would be the case, for example, if the income is already covered by the personal allowance so there would be little point in making the claim.
b) Trade loss relief against general income is not available unless the trade is carried out on a commercial basis and with the view of making a profit.
c) From 6 April 2013, the total amount of certain income tax reliefs that can be used to reduce total taxable income is limited to the higher of £50,000 or 25% of the taxpayer's adjusted total income. The remaining loss can be carried forward.
losses treated as an allowable loss for capital gains tax purposes.
d) There are further restrictions on relief in the case of farming or market gardening, known as 'restriction on relief for "hobby farming"'. The way the loss is calculated is before capital allowances and balancing charges.
The farming loss restriction only applies after five successive tax years of losses. So the loss relief would be given if the trade was started at any time within the five tax years before the current tax year.
There is anti-avoidance provision which prevents a farming business from being transferred between a husband and wife or to or from companies controlled by the same persons, which had the purpose of resetting the five year time clock.
e) No partial claims are permitted. It is not possible to restrict the loss relief to the taxable income only and retain the benefit of personal allowances, thereby increasing the losses available to set against income in other years. It is an all or nothing claim.
f) From a tax planning point of view, it is more advantageous to relieve the loss earlier rather than later. Any tax refunded is calculated using the previous year's rates and allowance.
a) Where a taxpayer has claimed trade loss relief against other income (under s64) and is unable to make full use of the loss, he may be able to treat the unused part as an allowable loss for capital gains tax purposes under s71 of ITA 2007.
b) Before the claim can be extended to capital gains, the taxpayer needs first to make a claim under s64 to offset the loss against net income. This would result in the loss of personal allowance.
– the net gains in the tax year less losses brought forward.
A partial claim would not be permitted. As a result, it is possible that a claim under s71 could potentially waste both the personal allowance and all or part of capital gains tax exemptions.
Under s83 ITA 2007, losses carried forward can be set against future profit of the same trade.
Once an s83 loss relief claim has been made, the carried forward loss must be set off against the next available trading income.
S64 claims must be submitted by 31 January which is 22 months after the end of the tax year of the loss.
S83 loss claims (carry forward) are automatic, but a claim must be made to establish the amount of loss to be carried forward. The claim must be made within four years from the end of the tax year in which the loss arose.