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Entertainment & Community News
Porsha Olayiwola: Forwarding Boston's Poetic Traditions
By Evan J. Cutts
Boston, MA — In honor of National Poetry Month, Color Magazine got in touch with the City of Boston's current and former poet laureates, Porsha Olayiwola (2019-2023) and Danielle Legros Georges (2014-2018). As poet laureates, these women of color forward the legacy and history of Boston's poetic tradition through literary advocacy and creative community outreach. Although the City of Boston's Poet Laureate program is just over ten-years-old, the city's poetic lineage is much older.
"I am proud and pleased to be part of this legacy [and] history which I'd like to consider as having started in the 18th century with Phillis Wheatley, writing as a black woman and earlier as a black girl in Boston," comments Legros Georges. "As a Bostonian, Wheatley corresponded with all sorts of Bostonians (as well as folks beyond Boston, and on the national and international stage of her times). "The role of Poet Laureate requires the ability to draw on a multiplicity of inspirations and experiences, and Black women certainly move through many spheres by their lives and creating in the world."
During her four-year term Legros Georges, who is also a Professor at Lesley University, collaborated on such initiatives as the "Raining Poetry Project" (2016-18) and City of Notions, A Boston Poetry Anthology (2017). Having passed the torch and with plans to stay in touch, Legros Georges encourages Porsha "to [continue] being her wonderful self and to time be mindful that she can occupy a representative role. Make time for [your] art in all the busyness that accompanies the role and enjoy the wonderful opportunities that accompany it, too."
Porsha Olayiwola, who officially began her new role on January 1st, 2019 is a Chicago native, who has settled down roots in Boston. Porsha is MFA Candidate at Emerson College and co-founder of House Slam at the Haley House Bakery and Cafe, Boston's first Spoken Word venue. As a Black, queer, feminist poet Porsha's writes "infra-politically to tell the stories that are silenced, erased, or difficult to release from the tip of the tongue." Color Magazine is excited to share our conversation with Porsha Olayiwola below:
Color Magazine: When you tell your story, what is one thing you hope your audience will remember?
Porsha Olayiwola: There are two desires, whether named or unintentional, I think drive the after-feelings of my writing. I hope readers can see me when they read my work, or get a very small, carefully constructed, glimpse into what it is I am feeling, thinking, or experiencing. The other hope is that they see themselves.
CM: What keeps you invested in poetry as an art form? As a form of communication and community building?
PO: What keeps me invested? Everything. Nothing. What I mean to say is, what would I be doing if I weren't writing, reading, teaching and organizing poetry spaces? I have no idea. I am in awe and in inquiry of the craft as well as what it can do to change folks as individuals and whole communities.
CM: What are two unique aspects of Boston's poetry community that move you?
PO: Boston has so many great writers, both historically and presently. The history and lineage are so phenomenal, I think all us who identify as writers and poets feel fueled to step into our own poetic inquiry, craft, and drive.
CM: Your take is certainly supported in the City of Notions Anthology, which collected Boston-inspired poetry from the likes of Patricia Smith, Margaret Atwood, and Chen Chen. Now that you're Poet Laureate, what are your greatest aspirations or goals for the four-year term?
PO: There are so many goals and aspirations. I am extremely excited about starting the youth poet laureate program, for one. But I think what gets me most excited is providing programming that will allow the varied writing communities in Boston to intermingle, learn, grow, and provide resources to and for one another.
To keep up with Porsha's poetry and plans as Poet Laureate, follow her online at http://www.porshaolayiwola.com and @PorshaOlayiwola.
Watch Porsha Olayiwola read her poem Unnamed:
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Arts, City of Boston, City of Notions, Danielle Legros Georges, diversity, Entertainment, Inclusion, National Poetry Month, Poet Laureate, Porsha Olayiwola, Representation


oversight of Leonardo Inventory to include proper processing in and out of SAP.
-Responsible for arranging shipping of spares regionally and internationally.
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support, Billing, Work Order creation and Quoting functions as required.


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Girolamo Muziano or Mutiani (c. 1532 – 1592), was an Italian painter, one of the most prominent artists active in Rome in the mid-to-late sixteenth century.

Life
He was born in Acquafredda, near Brescia, but active mainly in Rome.

The accounts from the 16th to 20th centuries regarding Muziano's life said he began work under the tutelage of Romanino, an imitator of Titian. Yet, a nearly autobiographical story of Muziano written by his confessor (unpublished until 1954) indicates instead that Muziano was born in Brescia, and left this town as a young man, and that his first apprenticeship was under Domenico Campagnola and Lambert Sustris in 1544–46 in the town of Padua. He then spent time in Venice until 1549, but moved permanently to Rome about 1550.

He was known there as Il giovane dei paesi (the young man of the landscapes), but although he continued to draw and paint landscapes throughout his career, he aspired instead to grand manner figure painting.
He painted historical painting in a style based largely on Michelangelo, giving great prominence to the monumental anatomy of his figures, even in works with ascetic saints as their subject.
His Resurrection of Lazarus (1555) was painted for the Colonna palace in Subiaco.
It established his fame; Michelangelo himself pronounced its author one of the "first artists of that age". The painting was later placed in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore above the artist's tomb; it was afterwards transferred to the Quirinal Palace, and now is in the Vatican Pinacoteca.
The painting returns to a spatial organization and narrative composition more typical of the High Renaissance than of Muziano's Mannerist contemporaries.

Muziano came to be the leading artist in Rome during the 1570-80s, painting in a style that appealed to Counter-Reformation patrons. He worked for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este from 1560 to 1566, and his frescoes for the Cardinal's villas in  Tivoli could be seen in Villa d'Este.

His most noted paintings include Circumcision, formerly the high altarpiece in the church of the Gesù (although now removed to a corridor behind the sacristy), paintings for three chapels in Santa Maria in Aracoeli, and St Jerome preaching to Monks in the Desert in Santa Maria degli Angeli. This last painting was one of two altarpieces that Muziano painted for St. Peter's Basilica during the time when Muziano served as superintendent of works for Pope Gregory XIII (the other painting, a "Mass of St. Basil" is lost, although it is recorded in an etching by Jacques Callot). Muziano also designed mosaics for the Gregorian Chapel in the basilica, and was responsible for re-founding the Academy of St Luke (Accademia di San Luca) in Rome (1577). His works can also be seen in Santa Caterina dei Funari, the Palazzo Colonna (portrait of Vittoria Colonna), the Cathedral Museum of Orvieto, and the church of San Francesco in Frascati.

He died in 1592, and was buried in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore. Among his pupils were Paolo Rossetti of Cento and Cesare Nebbia.

Anthology of works
Christ greets the Ambassadors of John the Baptist - Museo antico Tesoro- Loreto
Landscape with waterfall (drawing)
Three paintings

References

Attribution:

Sources

External links
Italy cyberguide entry
Brief bio of Muziano from the Web Gallery of Art

1530s births
1592 deaths
Artists from the Province of Brescia
16th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Renaissance painters
Painters from Rome

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Between Evans Dr. and Scott Ave.
On June 19, 1778, George Washington's army left their famous Valley Forge encampment after spending the previous six months there. They made their way across New Jersey through Lambertville, Mount Airy, Hopewell and Kingston. They were in pursuit of British forces who had evacuated Philadelphia the day before, and who were marching across New Jersey to New York.
"In the evening of [June 25, 1778] the whole army marched from Kingston, where our baggage was left, with intention to preserve a proper distance for supporting the advanced corps, and arrived at Cranberry early the next morning. The intense heat of the weather, and a heavy storm unluckily coming on, made it impossible to resume our march that day without great inconvenience and injury to the troops. Our advanced corps, being differently circumstanced, moved from the position it had held the night before, and took post in the evening on the Monmouth road about five miles from the enemy's rear, in expectation of attacking them next morning on their march. The main body having remained at Cranberry, the advanced corps was found to be too remote, and too far upon the right, to be supported in case of an attack either upon or from the enemy; which induced me to send orders to the Marquis [de Lafayette] to file off by his left towards Englishtown, which he accordingly executed early in the morning of the 27th."
This house is a private residence.
Please respect the privacy and property of the owners.
The owner of the house, Dr. Hezekiah Stites, is buried a quarter mile from here at Brainerd Cemetery (See next lower on this page). The house itself was demolished circa 1850. The site is marked by these two plaques on the gate in front of the current house.
The Cranbury Inn, which is still a working restaurant, was established as Handley's Tavern in 1780 by Richard Handley. Handley served as a Colonel of the 3rd Regiment Cavalry, N.J. Militia in the Revolutionary War.
North Main St., near Scott Ave.
This house was built by Colonel David Chambers circa 1790.  David Chambers was born in 1748 in Trenton. He served as a colonel in the Revolutionary War in both the Hunterdon County militia and the New Jersey State Troops. He fought at the battles of Germantown and Monmouth. He died in Cranbury in 1842.  Colonel Chambers is buried at the Westminster Cemetery, located on Westminster Place, about a quarter mile from this house.
• For more information and accompanying source notes about the other locations mentioned in this entry, see the Lambertville, Mount Airy, Hopewell and Manalapan pages of this website.
• Washington's arrival on June 26 is attested to in his letter to the President of Congress mentioned in Source Note 2 above.
In addition, there are two of Washington's letters that appear in the same The Writings of George Washington, Volume V dated "Cranberry, 26 June, 1778," which appear on pages 418 - 419.
5. ^ Names taken from a marker at the front of the cemetery, which lists the book Cranbury, Past and Present by Ruth Walsh (published 1975) as its source.
6. ^ 1790 date, and house identified as being built by Colonel Chambers drawn from the Cranbury Historical & Preservation Society plaque on the house.
• William S. Stryker, Official Register of the Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War (Trenton: Wm. T. Nicholson & Co., 1872) page 351.
"Colonel, Third Regiment, Hunterdon, June 19th, 1776; Colonel, battalion, State troops, November 27th, 1776; Colonel, Second Regiment, Hunterdon September 9th, 1777; resigned May 28th, 1779"


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Don Henley Net Worth
Jared Kushner Net Worth
Home » Businesswoman » Jared Kushner Net Worth
Jared Kushner Net Worth is $800 Million (as of 2020)
It has been calculated that the overall amount of Jared Kushner net worth is as much as 200 million dollars, as of right now. He has earned his whole net worth because of his two successful involvements – being a businessman and an investor. Jared Kushner owns Kushner Properties. This company belongs to his family and is a real estate holding and development company. In addition, he is the owner of The New York Observer, which is a newspaper publishing firm. He bought this firm in 2005. Thus, owning these two companies has played a huge role in increasing the total size of Jared Kushner net worth.
Date of birth: Jan 10, 1981
Occupation: Businessperson, Media proprietor
His personal relationships are also well known to the public. Jared Kushner is a son of Charles Kushner, who is a real estate magnate. Moreover, Jared Kushner is married to Ivanka Trump, who is a daughter of Donald Trump, one of the biggest names in the American business.
Jared Kushner was born in 1981 in New Jersey. He was raised Jewish. In 2003, Jared Kushner graduated from Harvard University. In fact, his father donated to the university approximately 2.5 million dollars. In 2007, Jared Kushner became a graduate of the New York University Stern School of Business and the New York University School of Law. In these institutions, he earned his MBA and JD degrees. After graduation, Jared Kushner did his internship at Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau's office. Jared Kushner has two sisters and one brother, who also turned to be a businessman.
When he was 25 years old, Jared Kushner did one of his first successful investments, which was buying The New York Observer. He bought it for a reported sum of 10 million dollars. After he bought the paper, he slightly changed the format of it and the newspaper began to focus on different news, thus, making it more of a tabloid than a newspaper. Thus, this involvement has made his name more known and also added up to the overall size of Jared Kushner net worth. He is also credited with being the one who increased the popularity of this newspaper online. In 2011, it was stated that the newspaper became profitable for the first time by The New York Post, thanks to Jared Kushner.
In addition to this venture, Jared Kushner is also known to be involved into real estate business, which has also served as one of the main sources of Jared Kushner net worth.
Is Jared Kushner Dead or Alive?
What do you think about Jared Kushner's net worth? Leave a comment below.
Jared Kushner Net Worth, 4.33 / 5 (3 votes)
Donald Sterling Net Worth
Danny Bonaduce Net Worth
Adrienne Maloof Net Worth
Dawood Ibrahim Net Worth
Deborah Meaden Net Worth
Donny Osmond Net Worth
Sheldon Adelson Net Worth
Barry Williams Net Worth
So in this article we are going to talk about Barry Williams net worth, which currently amounts to $4 million.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hero PC tells of 4x4 crush terror
A POLICE officer whose patrol car was crushed by a 4x4 vehicle has spoken for the first time of the moment he thought he was "going to die".
PC Greg Parry said he still has flashbacks of 4x4 driver Martin Davies' face in the wing mirror as he reversed full speed down a hill towards him.
Davies was jailed for six years in July 2009 after he admitted dangerous driving and attempting to cause grievous bodily harm at Swansea Crown Court.
Speaking to the Western Mail after being nominated for a nationwide bravery award, PC Parry, 40, said: "I live with his face – it was the most intense expression you could ever imagine.
"He was by far the angriest person I have ever come across and I have no doubt he intended to harm me."
The married father-of-two had been on routine patrol in Swansea on April 14, 2009, when he spotted 28-year-old Davies using a mobile phone while driving his Nissan Terrano.
When he turned his car around to follow him, Davies accelerated away, leading to a high-speed chase through the streets of Swansea.
"It was clear he was not going to stop," he said.
"I pursued him probably for a couple of minutes until we entered a small industrial estate where he drove into a scrap yard.
"I remained at the entrance in my car and no sooner did he go in than he came out of the exit which was just ahead of me." As he followed the 4x4, which was by now driving in a "very erratic manner", into a narrow street, Davies slammed on the brakes and threw his car into reverse, driving it into the bonnet of PC Parry's BMW three times.
According to his colleagues, who were monitoring the chase back in the control room, there was "clear fear" heard in the officer's voice as he radioed in to say he was under attack.
He said: "The damage to my car was quite extensive, my bonnet was coming up in the front, but I didn't have anywhere to go.
"I didn't want to put members of the public at risk by reversing so I stayed where I was and just tried to get out of the way as much as possible."
As quickly as the attack began, it was over, and Davies sped off out of the industrial estate with PC Parry in pursuit.
"There was no way I could allow him to go. He needed to be caught – along with his passenger," said the officer.
"Although my car was quite damaged and there was not a lot of speed I managed to get behind him.
"I knew I probably wouldn't be in the game for much longer and the main thing going through my head was to be able to get enough information to tell my colleagues which direction he was headed in."
Suddenly, he found himself at the bottom of a steep residential street in the city's Landore area, with Davies' 4x4 stopped at the top.
He said: "I could see his reverse lights coming on.
"It all happened so fast. He could see that I was still in pursuit of him and I clearly had nowhere to go. I tried to get into reverse but no sooner did I attempt it than he was coming at me.
"I knew there wasn't any way out. I thought I was going to die.
"I have horrible memories – the darkness, choking from the fumes of his exhaust coming into my car, the smell of burning from I don't know what."
A court later heard that it was at this point Davies got out of the 4x4, which had come to a rest on top of PC Parry's car, and shouted: "Come on then, come on!"
For PC Parry, trapped underneath, eight years of training kicked in and he used his foot to open the passenger door and crawl out.
Once outside, the officer ran after Davies and his passenger, who were trying to escape, and used his CS spray to get them under control until colleagues came to help him arrest them.
It is this action that earned PC Parry and his colleague, Police Sergeant Kevin Brooks, nominations for the National Bravery Awards, to be held in London in July.
He said: "I think everything takes over. You are a police officer and there are certain things you have to do – and that was one of those times."
Remarkably, the traffic officer escaped almost unscathed and, after a brief spell off, is now back at work in Swansea.
Connah's QuayThis is the moment North Wales pervert was confronted by paedophile huntersMark Wilkins from Connah's Quay was snared by members of the Elusive Child Protection Unit for sending sick images to what he thought was a 13-year-old girl


Cheer Up, Baby! TWICE Is Coming To Manila! - MYX | YOUR CHOICE. YOUR MUSIC.
Cheer Up, Baby! TWICE Is Coming To Manila!
Philippine Onces, we are finally getting what we deserve. Twice is coming to Manila this June and our hearts can't stay still!
The K-Pop girl group announced via Twitter that they will be embarking on a concert here in the Philippines for the very first time. The question is, are you ready to experience Twiceland? YES or YES?
Twice World Tour in Manila is happening on June 29. But before that, we have new bops on the way with their upcoming 7th mini album Fancy You which arrives on April 22. How to keep calm?


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UK: The specialist post division of HHB Communications has reported a series of significant recent sales, writes David Davies. Molinare and BBC Studios and Post Production are among the most recent recipients of high-end equipment supplied by the post-focused Scrub.
London-based TV and film facilities company Molinare purchased new Genelec monitors as part of a revamp of its audio infrastructure. Edit suites are now equipped with 8030 and 8040-based systems, while audio suites have been upgraded to 8240 and 8250-based Genelec DSP surround systems.
"With Genelec DSP series monitoring as our house standard, we're able to ensure consistent, accurate monitoring, which we can recreate in any room with total precision," commented Molinare CTO Scott Holmgren.
In another upgrade-related order, Scrub provided new 16- and 32-fader Digidesign ICON D-Control consoles to BBC Studios and Post Production at Television Centre. The system purchases took place as part of a gradual standardisation of the organisation's post equipment onto the Pro Tools platform.
Speaking to PSN-e, Scrub sales manager Tina Wallace observes that the UK post community has made "significant moves" onto the ICON Control Surface since its launch five years ago. "ICON not only fulfils all the technical requirements for post, but is the right answer to the industry's ROI needs," she says. "Scrub is dedicated to providing UK audio post with the best technology, support and training to enable customers to make the most of their chosen investment. Being able to count the BBC among our customers adds a great brand to the ever-increasing indicators that ICON is the right choice and that Scrub are the right people to help make that move."
The BBC is implementing a series of major cuts at its Online and World Service divisions in response to the UK government's austerity measures and a re-organisation of the Future Media and Technology division, writes Kevin Hilton.
He'll be running Radio One in five years, everyone keeps telling him. And the thing is, they're probably right. PSNEurope sits down with 24-year-old BBC presenter Dan Roberts.


Geek Errant - Page 15 of 15 - Questing to find the most entertaining and interesting bits of culture that it can. And then bringing them to you.
Preamble: First things first, Platinum's Scalebound is appearing at Gamescom, not E3, so don't get too hyped. Same thing with Crackdown. Gears of War collection remaster details leaked, we can expect an announcement more likely than not. Rise of the Tomb Raider, gameplay has been promised, maybe we will see an actual tomb based puzzle this time. Halo 5 Guardians is probably gonna be the big show here, I'd be very surprised with no gameplay demo, or campaign. Fable legends, they've gotta make something of this, especially as it's launching on Windows 10, Mojang should be up here, hololens or not, the telltale game might appear. Rare are supposedly working on a brand new original project, and Kotaku seems to have word of a rare classics collection being prepared. We shall see. Plus, the news that Oculus and Xbox are linking to share controllers, so we may find some news about that. And will we see Call of Duty and DLC timed exclusivity? I imagine we will.
Preamble: Bethesda kicks things off this year. The newcomer has a lot to prove, and they certainly seem to be heading that way. They're coming in on three main prongs. Starting early and surprising pretty much everyone, they unveiled Fallout 4 earlier this month, showing off a teaser that will probably lead to a gameplay reveal during the conference. Secondly, the DOOM reboot has been teased, and gameplay is all but certain, lest we riot. Thirdly, and most recently, an open mic leak on a twitch test stream on Saturday accidentally revealed Dishonoured 2. Not that shocking as a sequel goes, but that's a welcome addition. So three games at least, hopefully all showing gameplay, to get things started. As for other stuff, I'd assume Elder Scrolls online will be due for some sort of gameplay expansion, especially as the console versions only launched a while ago. As for anything else, not a clue. Wolfenstein making an appearance maybe?
Why Stannis Baratheon had no choice.
I think some of my favourite types of story are the ones where you take a character who is fundamentally good, then you throw a cynical, uncaring and frankly horrible world at them, and watch how they react. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is this idea down to a tee. One of Netflix's newest Original Series, it's the brainchild of Tina Fey and Robert Carlock and the 30 Rock influences are very much noticeable in the writing and comedic style. The programme follows the titular Kimmy Schmidt, played by Ellie Kemper, as she tries to bring her small town sensibilities and earnest nature to New York City so she can survive and thrive. It's a lovely, conventional and heartwarming story. Except that the title is Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. And it's named such because when Kimmy was 15, she was kidnapped by an Apocalyptic Preacher and forced to spend the next 15 years underground in a bunker with four other women before being rescued. Which understandably, could be pretty dark as a plot line. Repressed trauma, flashbacks, deep rooted issues and all that.
So Adventure games. There's gonna be some spoilers here, I'll try and keep them light for Life is Strange, but you should really have played The Walking Dead by now. Both are excellent, go ahead and play throughout them and then come back. This will probably make slightly more sense to you. If you just want a review, go play Life is Strange. It might not seem like your thing, but it's fantastic because of that. This is a concise, focussed experience where character is king and the ordinary becomes extraordinary.


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Hospital Declares 'Internal State of Emergency' After Ransomware Infection
A Kentucky hospital says it is operating in an "internal state of emergency" after a ransomware attack rattled around inside its networks, encrypting files on computer systems and holding the data on them hostage unless and until the hospital pays up.
A streaming red banner on Methodisthospital.net warns that a computer virus infection has limited the hospital's use of electronic web-based services. Click to enlarge.
Henderson, Ky.-based Methodist Hospital placed a scrolling red alert on its homepage this week, stating that "Methodist Hospital is currently working in an Internal State of Emergency due to a Computer Virus that has limited our use of electronic web based services. We are currently working to resolve this issue, until then we will have limited access to web based services and electronic communications."
Jamie Reid, information systems director at the hospital, said malware involved is known as the "Locky" strain of ransomware, a contagion that encrypts all of the important files, documents and images on an infected host, and then deletes the originals. Victims can regain access to their files only by paying the ransom, or by restoring from a backup that is hopefully not on a network which is freely accessible to the compromised computer.
In the case of Methodist Hospital, the ransomware tried to spread from the initial infection to the entire internal network, and succeeded in compromising several other systems, Reid said. That prompted the hospital to shut down all of the hospital's desktop computers, bringing systems back online one by one only after scanning each for signs of the infection.
"We have a pretty robust emergency response system that we developed quite a few years ago, and it struck us that as everyone's talking about the computer problem at the hospital maybe we ought to just treat this like a tornado hit, because we essentially shut our system down and reopened on a computer-by-computer basis," said David Park, an attorney for the Kentucky healthcare center.
The attackers are demanding a mere four bitcoins in exchange for a key to unlock the encrypted files; that's a little more than USD $1,600 at today's exchange rate.
Park said the administration hasn't ruled out paying the ransom.
"We haven't yet made decision on that, we're working through the process," with the FBI, he said. "I think it's our position that we're not going to pay it unless we absolutely have to."
The attack on Methodist comes just weeks after it was revealed that a California hospital that was similarly besieged with ransomware paid a $17,000 ransom to get its files back.
Park said the main effect of the infection has been downtime, which forced the hospital to process everything by hand on paper. He declined to say which systems were infected, but said no patient data was impacted.
"We have downtime procedures to going to paper system anyway, so we went to that paper system, he said. "But we don't feel like it negatively impacted patient care. They didn't get any patient information "
Ransomware infections are largely opportunistic attacks that mainly prey on people who browse the Web with outdated Web browsers and/or browser plugins like Java and Adobe Flash and Reader. Most ransomware attacks take advantage of exploit kits, malicious code that when stitched into a hacked site probe visiting browsers for the the presence of these vulnerabilities.
The attack on Methodist Hospital was another form of opportunistic attack that came in via spam email, in messages stating something about invoices and that recipients needed to open an attached (booby-trapped) file.
It's a fair bet that as ransomware attacks and attackers mature, these schemes will slowly become more targeted. I also worry that these more deliberate attackers will take a bit more time to discern how much the data they've encrypted is really worth, and precisely how much the victim might be willing to pay to get it back.
Tags: David Park, Jamie Reid, locky ransomware, Methodist Hospital
This entry was posted on Tuesday, March 22nd, 2016 at 1:52 pm	and is filed under A Little Sunshine, Data Breaches. You can follow any comments to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Jeremy Gaige
How to Get funding/budget:
https://image-store.slidesharecdn.com/e5eccacf-f2f6-4b72-b899-3092a92311a0-original.png
Ok, so……
What I'm hearing in all this is…..
I must keep my browser and PDF reader up to date so it can better run/process the offending code thereby maintaining a constant state of vulnerability that I must use/maintain/update more software (which is in itself, compromised out-of-the-box) in order to stay safe while online.
It just seems so much easier and more productive to NOT use software that will process the code.
Wouldn't it make more sense to find a way to block the malicious attachments at the email gateway?
Vendors like Proofpoint use a predictive sandboxing technology to prevent end users from even receiving these attachments in the first place…
FYI Proofpoint also blocked 100% of "Locky" on the very first day it appeared on the scene.
You can do that if you want. If it works for you then great.
I think the bigger questions have to do with why EVERYTHING in existence seems to be required to get moved around through email. Email has ALWAYS been one of the most vulnerable methods for spreading infectious/malicious software and it seems as if people have forgotten that. There is no point in emailing things that are between two cubicles in the same office. It is precisely this attitude about these things that makes individuals such as yourself see Proofpoint as more desirable. If everyone would treat these thing right, all that extra software would not be needed.
I disagree on emailing between cubical X. For most end users, emailing a spreadsheet or maintaining a paper trail for auditing, requests, etc is vital. Yes you can have shared files on a server based share structure but compliance in other aspects will always exist.
What you describing is actually quite profound. Basically, the problem will not and cannot be fixed. I would really like more people to think about this. All the things that really need to be done cannot be done because of a set of rules that everyone envolved MUST follow. So everyone spends all kinds of time coming up with all kinds of convoluted ways of getting around the problem since no one can fix it. Resulting in a plethora of needless software that everyone gets convinced is needed. That results in the problem getting worse as it grows to the point that it is so uncontrollable that only Apple, Microsoft, and government can even see it anymore……much less actually fix it.
Pretty much we just need to get security baked into our culture. We've been protecting ourselves from social engineering for generations in the "don't take candy from strangers" type education; and in this day and age, that needs to get extended to "don't open attachments or click on links from strangers." And of course avoiding modern phishing attacks is a little more complicated than that, but a good human firewall is far more effective (and a bad one far more damaging) than any kind of technology or software you could hope to throw at the problem.
Thomas Caldwell
The problem with all of these is that it always appears to be coming from someone that ISNT a stranger. most users don't look closely enough at an email, especially the recent breaches that send info out that they think is from a CEO or boss. most of my users that get infected with this crap get it from emails they think is there bank, but after you ask them what they were thinking, most will let you know they don't even have an account with the bank it came from. Solution? Zombie Apocalypse.
2 Basic RULES for users/emails:
1. DO NOT follow the advice they give to enable macros or enable editing to see the content…
2. The basic rule is NEVER open any attachment to an email, unless you are expecting it…
Your going to ME this?
THE rules are: update, patch, patch, update, update, update, patch, patch, update………….
and if none of that works, patch and update again!
At what point do people finally wake up and actually see what's going on here?
I feel so much happier now I untedsrand all this. Thanks!
Here in the UK much/most of the NHS uses IE8… political/technical mire of inaction looks likely to continue for the foreseeable future.
Probably best to take action on a personal basis… USB memory stick is cheap and safe!
USB sticks are too easy to replace with malware infested versions. Getting access in the form of physical access via USB is a hacker's wet dream in most cases. This is why most government installations block the USB ports or shut them down via GPO to prevent this type of breach.
This is correct. It is actually much safer to store files on the cloud, as in most cases they can be rolled back and are much more resilient to encryption attacks because of that. It is in a way another form of backing up your stuff.
And for the suspicious out there, no cloud storage company has had their servers hacked to where data has gotten out via their servers. Breaches have always been done the easy way – weak passwords. If you know how to create strong passwords, the likelihood of your files getting hacked is low.
Most are moving away from IE8 and remember the NHS in UK is split and is very different in the various countries. NHS England is vastly different from NHS Wales and NHS Scotland is still running an older managment model which ironically has lead to slower up take of more vulnerable services e.g. cloud. NHS England in particular is so fragmented that long term that's the one that's going to cause the biggest problem for the general public.
My own area are looking at Browsium ION, but remember unlike many US based hospitals our are behind several layers of protection, IDS/IPS, firewalls, PSN/SWAN, gateway filtering etc etc. I doubt the private hospitals in the UK/US can even come close to it which is why so far the NHS has been relatively unscathed as when it is hit there are plentiful backups and contingencies in place to cope.
IA Eng
They go through Teamviewer as well. Google
bleeping computer, Teamviewer.
Segregate networks, no multi-user accounts, add a $ for all shares. I am sure there are many additional tweeks that can be added as layers of defense. Start by lowering permissions to an absolute minimum. Everyone does not need access to everything. Build the tree of shares with security in mind, not as the train wreck evolves.
Then these are simply used on a base load. In the wee hours of the morning, a highly caffinated senior IT tech pushes a new load to sections of the organization at a time, and your risk is reduced even further.
Antivirus can be a burden at this point. It usually finds the infection AFTER it has done its damage, and then, it deletes the infected files and the keys needed for recovery.
Curiosity within the human being is the perfect avenue of attack. Its been used for many centuries, and the human race still falls for it. Just one more link in the chain that becomes weakened.
Sounds like they hit with a malware campaign and had users click on and open an attachment and maybe even enable macros. It could have been corporate email or personal webmail. I think they over reacted by turning off every pc as this would not have stopped it. I think it is more multiple users got the email and clicked on it and encrypted multiple pcs or it was shared network drives that got encrypted and they thought it was spreading like a worm virus. Feel bad for them but sounds like they have loose security practices in place.
Sasparilla
@Gideon >> USB memory stick is cheap and safe! <<
Ummmm, depends. If you have an airgapped computer and you only use new USB sticks on it without connecting those USB sticks to other computers connected to the internet, then probably (if it wasn't compromised at the factory, cause most are made in China) it is safe. Because of the USB's high user privilege level in Windows and weak firmware design its a prime target for compromise (believe this is how stuff got onto the non networked Iranian computers if memory serves).
http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/07/this-thumbdrive-hacks-computers-badusb-exploit-makes-devices-turn-evil/
But if you plug that USB around into other computers (particularly not your own, or say the photo machine at the drugstore etc.) then it should not be considered safe. USB is a great vector to bring malware onto your machine.
One of the ways to bring malware into a company is to take infected USB drives and sprinkle them in the target company's parking lot. Almost certainly someone will bring one in and plug it into their work machine to see what's on it.
If you really want to be safe about moving data to other machines (drugstore photo machine) burn a DVD-ROM and toss it afterwards (and disable auto-start on your DVD drive of your home computer so anything you bring in doesn't auto-launch itself). With the disappearance of DVD drives on computers we're gradually being left (because of the design flaws of USB) without secure ways of transferring files in a non networked manner.
adeger
Gideon – USB memory stick is as much a vector for (other) incoming virii and attacks and is also a method of expropriating personally identifiable or confidential information in an organization. Many organizations do (or should) disable them on workstations as policy.
IA Eng – Yes, antivirus is increasingly being circumvented but can still catch some infections. Better to pair it with more general "anti-malware" software that uses behavioural heuristics to stop other infections. My understanding is that Malwarebytes blocks the Locky virus (just an example, I'm not associated with Malwarebytes but will probably start using it at home).
Any mention of Malwarebytes Anti-Malware (a.k.a. MBAM) should, ideally, indicate whether which version is indicated.
The free version of MBAM does not prevent intrusions. Only the premium (and business) versions of MBAM provides intrusion prevention.
I (still) use Panda's USB Vaccine (http://www.pandasecurity.com/usa/homeusers/downloads/usbvaccine/) to "innoculate" USB flash drives.
NOTE: Their support for NTFS drives is in "beta." I have stopped using Panda's USB vaccine for NTFS drives.
I sure wish Panda would update the product! Or that I could find a newer, supported product with better function.
Jamie Reid, information systems director at the hospital…
Mr. Reid, no problem. Just restore the latest backup! What? No backup?? He should be fired immediately!!
nba 2k16 mt glitch november
You're a very practical site; could not make it without ya!|
Travel agency I do some work for got hit by Locky recently. They forwarded me an email, the discussion went:
"Hi mate, This seems really suss…
The e-mail [address] for [sender] is also rather suss.
"Do not open attachments!
Do not enable macros!
Advise if you have ASAP!"
They replied:
"We tried to open"
… I then logged into their file server, found that locky was dutifully beginning to lock all their files, and then rang them back…
"SHUT EVERYTHING DOWN NOW!"
… caught it before it'd gone through too much of the file server, some files lost, but not too many. Drove in, did a partition table wipe and full OS and apps reinstall of every desktop system (thankfully only I have admin access to the server)… took me 16 hours working from 3pm to 7am thanks to the joys of Windows Update needing a patch on fresh Windows 7 SP1 installs to stop it spinning its wheels at 100% CPU core load as much to get them back online.
#windowsupdatehowihatethee
Thanks for the cautionary tale. Fascinating.
A restaurant named Hard Times Café in Rockville, MD just got hit by ransomware too:
http://www.fox5dc.com/news/113241451-story
http://wtop.com/money/2016/03/hard-times-cafe-in-rockville-hit-with-ransomware/
MedStar Health system attacked now…
http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virus-infects-medstar-health-systems-computers-hospital-officials-say/2016/03/28/480f7d66-f515-11e5-a3ce-f06b5ba21f33_story.html
"The woman said she spoke to two other employees who saw a pop-up on their computer screens stating that they had been infected by a virus and asking for ransom in 'some kind of Internet currency.' "
Plot gets thicker..
http://www.techspot.com/news/64271-new-form-ransomware-uses-disk-level-encryption-lock.html
hhhhhmmmm…….
now where is that any key?
bizatl
cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you penning this write-up and also the rest of the site is extremely good


Dengue virus (DENV) has spread through most tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a serious public health problem. The control of DENV infection has not yet been fully successful due to lack of effective therapeutics or vaccines. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the immune responses against DENV infection may reveal new strategies for eliciting and improving antiviral immunity. T cells provide protective immunity against various viral infections by generating effector cells that cooperate to eliminate antigens and memory cells that can survive for long periods with enhanced abilities to control recurring pathogens. Following activation, CD8 T cells can migrate to sites of infection and kill infected cells, whereas CD4 T cells contribute to the elimination of pathogens by trafficking to infected tissues and providing help to innate immune responses, B cells, as well as CD8 T cells. However, it is now evident that CD4 T cells can also perform cytotoxic functions and induce the apoptosis of target cells. Importantly, accumulating studies demonstrate that cytotoxic CD4 T cells develop following DENV infections and may play a crucial role in protecting the host from severe dengue disease. We review our current understanding of the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, with a focus on DENV infection, and discuss the potential of harnessing these cells for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection and disease.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas with 390 million estimated infections per year (1). DENV has four serotypes (DENV 1–4), and infection with one of the serotypes can be asymptomatic or result in a range of diseases spanning from dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The more severe forms of DHF and DSS are more likely to develop following secondary infections with a different serotype (2). Other than supportive care there is currently no specific therapy available for the treatment of dengue diseases. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the development of DENV vaccines since Word War II, and a tetravalent chimeric vaccine, Dengvaxia®, has recently been licensed in several countries including Mexico, Brazil, and the Philippines (3). However, several clinical trials of Dengvaxia® raise concerns about the efficacy of the vaccine. A phase 2b study in Thailand showed an overall efficacy of 30.2% with only 9.2% protection against DENV 2 (4). Additionally, two large-scale phase 3 trials in Asia and Latin America reported that the average efficacies against the four serotypes were 56.5 and 60.8%, respectively, and further confirmed the lowest level of protection against DENV 2 (5, 6). Furthermore, a long-term follow up of these trials reveals that Dengvaxia® was less effective in seronegative vaccinees and resulted in an increased incidence of hospitalization among vaccinated children who were under 9 years old (7). Given the importance of host immunity in the protection of DENV infection, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of anti-DENV immune responses and identify the correlates of protection or susceptibility in order to improve the development of immunotherapies and vaccines for dengue disease.
T cells play important roles in fighting infections with intracellular pathogens; however, the roles of T cells during DENV infection may be complex. Although some studies suggest that T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of DENV infection via the production of inflammatory cytokines, and that the expansion of preexisting cross-reactive memory T cells may impair viral control upon secondary heterologous infections (original antigenic sin), others indicate that T cells may play important roles in the protection against severe dengue disease (8). Stronger T cell responses generated following natural infection or vaccination with DENV as measured by the production of effector cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) have been associated with better protection against subsequent DENV infection (9, 10). Additionally, our laboratory has demonstrated that protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles against dengue disease are associated with robust and polyfunctional CD8 T cell responses (11). Furthermore, the observation that the frequency of T cells that express CD107a, a degranulation marker, correlates with less severe dengue disease, supporting the notion that the roles of T cells during DENV infection may depend upon their functionality and that T cells with cytotoxic potentials may be crucial for the control of DENV infection (12).
Although cytotoxic functions are usually associated with CD8 T cells, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that a range of other cells can elicit cytotoxic effector functions. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the early, primary targets of DENV in natural infection, and the vigor of cell-mediated immunity is modulated by the relative presence or absence of IFN-γ in the microenvironment surrounding the virus-infected DCs (13). DCs including Langerhans cells (LCs) express CD1d, a molecule responsible not only for the presentation of lipopeptides but also conventional antigens that have a specific binding motif, i.e., hydrophobic amino acids in position 1, 4, and 7 (14). CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct subset of T cells that rapidly produce an array of cytokines upon activation and play a critical role in regulating various immune responses. NKT cells are classified into two groups based on differences in T-cell receptor usage. Type I NKT cells have an invariant T-cell receptor α-chain (iNKT), while Type II NKT cells have a more diverse T-cell receptor repertoire, and it has been shown that CD4 engagement by CD1d potentiates activation of CD4+ NKT cells (15, 16). Recent evidence suggests iNKT involvement in DENV pathogenesis, and the level of iNKT cell activation associates with the disease severity (17–19). Finally, another unconventional T cell subset, gamma delta (γδ) T cells, has been shown to be able to kill dengue-infected cells and contribute to the immune response during DENV infection by providing an early source of IFN-γ (20).
This review focuses on CD4 T cells that can also acquire a cytotoxic phenotype, which has been investigated by numerous studies over the past three decades (21). The ability of CD4 T cells to acquire cytotoxic functions have been mostly attributed to T helper type 1 (Th1) cells after viral infections; however, it is now clear that other CD4 T cell subsets including regulatory T (Treg) cells can also secrete effector molecules and exert cytotoxic effects (22, 23). Moreover, recent studies further suggest that cytotoxic CD4 T cells may represent a separate lineage independent of other CD4 T cell subsets and are induced by distinct environmental cues and transcriptional regulators, highlighting the versatility of CD4 T cell responses (24–26). Notably, cytotoxic CD4 T cells are readily detectable following DENV infection and correlate with enhanced protection against dengue disease (12, 27). We discuss the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, especially in the context of DENV infection, and anticipate future studies into the therapeutic potentials of these intriguing cells in the development of anti-DENV vaccines and immunotherapies.
The differentiation of diverse CD4 T cell subsets is induced and guided by antigens, costimulation, and distinct sets of cytokines, which are integrated to regulate the expression of transcription factors that are crucial for CD4 T cell lineage specification (28). In line with this notion, costimulatory signals mediated by OX40–OX40L and 4-1BB (29–31), as well as cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), type I interferons and IL-2 (25, 32–34), have been suggested to promote the differentiation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. Although cytotoxic CD4 T cells are often observed during chronic infections such as HIV, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and mouse CMV (MCMV) infections (35–39), they are also readily detectable following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), influenza virus, and ectromelia virus infections (40–44). Therefore, persistent antigenic stimulation may not be absolutely required for cytotoxic CD4 T cell differentiation. Furthermore, Brown et al. reported that IL-2 substantially enhances the cytotoxic functions of CD4 T cells that are activated with low antigen dose in vitro, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines may amplify T cell receptor (TCR) signals to promote the differentiation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells (32). Two additional common cytokine receptor γ-chain (γc) family cytokines, IL-7 and IL-15, however, are dispensable for the formation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, although IL-15 may promote their effector functions upon reactivation with TCR stimulus (24). Interestingly, IL-21, which is another member of the γc family, has been shown to increase the production of the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B in CD8 T cells both in vivo and in vitro (45, 46). Thus, it would be interesting to investigate whether IL-21 also plays a role in the generation and/or functional maturation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells.
The integration and interpretation of numerous cellular and environmental parameters are mediated by transcriptional factors, and a number of transcriptional regulators have been implicated in the differentiation program of cytotoxic CD4 T cells (Figure 1). T-helper-inducing POZ/Kruppel-like factor (ThPOK) and Runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3), which suppress each other's expression, control the development of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the thymus, respectively (47). After exiting the thymus, mature CD4 T cells continue to express ThPOK, which suppresses Runx3 and maintains the lineage stability of CD4 T cells (48–50). Ectopic expression of ThPOK in CD8 T cells results in reduced expression of CD8, the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes), as well as effector molecules such as IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin, further supporting the notion that ThPOK restricts the initiation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation program in CD4 T cells (51). In contrast, Runx3 promotes CD8 expression by binding its enhancer regions (52, 53) and also cooperates with Eomes and another T-box transcription factor, T-bet, to induce the manufacture of IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B (54, 55). Intriguingly, a portion of CD4 T cells downregulates their expression of ThPOK in the intestine, especially in the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartment, under unimmunized conditions or following activation with their cognate antigen (24, 25). Conversely, these ThPOKlow CD4 T cells upregulate the expression of Runx3, thus resembling their CD8 T cell counterparts (24, 25). Consequently, these cells showed enhanced expression of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes-associated molecules, including 2B4, granzyme B, and CD107a, and demonstrated cytotoxicity in vitro (24, 25). It is further proposed that sustained antigenic stimulation and/or local environmental cues such as TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA) induce the downregulation of ThPOK and the upregulation of Runx3, although the underlying signaling and transcriptional mechanisms are less well defined (24, 25). Thus, the antagonistic expression of ThPOK and Runx3 not only dictate the lineage stability of CD4 and CD8 T cells but also direct the establishment of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. Further studies are needed to determine whether and how the expression of ThPOK and Runx3 dictate the development of cytotoxic CD4 T cells following viral infections as well as the cellular and environmental factors that modulate their expression.
Figure 1. Regulation of cytotoxic CD4 T cell differentiation by a network of signaling and transcriptional pathways. ThPOK is essential for the lineage specification and stability of CD4 helper T cells and counteracts Runx3, which coordinate the differentiation of CD8 T cells. Nevertheless, signals mediated by antigens, TGF-β, and retinoic acid (RA) can repress ThPOK expression in CD4 T cells, which results in elevated levels of Runx3. Since ThPOK inhibits Eomes, the suppression of ThPOK may also lead to increased Eomes expression. Furthermore, cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-α, costimulatory molecules including OX40 and 4-1BB, as well as the transmembrane protein CRTAM can increase the expression and/or activities of Eomes as well as additional transcription factors such as Blimp1 and T-bet, which together with Runx3 direct the differentiation program of cytotoxic CD4 T cells.
In addition to ThPOK and Runx3, several other transcription regulators have been suggested to regulate the differentiation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. T-bet promotes the differentiation of effector CD8 T cells (56) and also induces the expression of Runx3 in CD4 T cells (54), suggesting that it may play a role in the formation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. Indeed, T-bet-deficient CD4 T cells demonstrated substantially reduced production of granzyme B following influenza virus infection (33). Furthermore, the acquisition of cytotoxic functions by CD4 T cells is also dependent upon B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1), which facilitates the binding of T-bet to the granzyme B and perforin promoters (33). The upstream signals that drive the expression of T-bet and Blimp1 in CD4 T cells include IL-2 and IFN-α, and IFN-α may also exert its effects partially via signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) as evidenced by decreased T-bet and granzyme B expression in the absence of STAT2 (33). Since heterodimerization with activated STAT1 is required for the nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT2 (57), whether STAT1 promotes cytotoxic CD4 T cell development in conjunction with STAT2 warrants further investigation. Surprisingly, STAT4, which has been shown to promote T-bet expression and Th1 cell differentiation in response to IL-12 signals (58–60), is dispensable for the upregulation of T-bet and granzyme B in CD4 T cells following influenza virus infection (33), indicating that cytotoxic CD4 T cells and Th1 cells may rely on distinct pathways for their differentiation. As discussed above, ThPOK suppresses the expression of Eomes, which cooperates with T-bet and Runx3 to promote the effector functions of CD8 T cells (55, 61–63), suggesting that Eomes may also participate in programing cytotoxic CD4 T cells when its expression is increased. Indeed, the engagement of costimulatory molecules OX40 and/or 4-1BB induces the expression of Eomes, which then upregulates the production of granzyme B by CD4 T cells and enhances their antitumor activities (29–31). In addition, a recent report shows that class I-restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM) can promote the expression of Eomes and cytotoxic proteins including granzyme B and perforin in CD4 T cells (64). Therefore, Eomes may coordinate multiple signaling pathways to direct the development of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. Additional transcriptional regulators such as Notch2 (65), STAT5 (66), and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) (67) have been implicated in the manufacture of cytotoxic weaponry in CD8 T cells, and it would be interesting to investigate whether these transcriptional regulators also modulate the cytotoxic potential of CD4 T cells. In sum, the signals mediated by TCR, cytokines, costimulatory molecules, and other cell surface receptors are integrated and interpreted by a network of transcriptional regulators, which collectively orchestrate the differentiation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells.
DENV-specific CD4 T cells with cytotoxic potential were initially observed with T cell clones isolated from a DENV-infected donor (68). These CD4 T cell clones demonstrate in vitro killing of target cells that display DENV antigens as assessed by chromium release assays, which are restricted by HLA class II molecules (68). Subsequent studies discovered that DENV non-structural (NS) proteins especially NS3 are the major targets of cytotoxic CD4 T cell clones and that many of these cell clones exhibit cross-reactivity against several DENV serotypes (69–72). Thus, cytotoxic CD4 T cell may preferentially recognize conserved DENV antigens, and repeated antigenic stimulation may favor their formation. In addition to antigen-specific killing, anti-DENV cytotoxic CD4 T cell clones generated from DENV-immune donor can also mediate the lysis of non-antigen-presenting bystander target cells (73). While cytotoxic CD4 T cells lyse target cells pulsed with DENV antigens primarily via perforin-dependent mechanisms, the lysis of bystander target cells mainly relies on the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway (73). Additionally, a cytotoxic CD4 T cell clone has also been isolated from DENV-infected mice and is able to kill DENV antigen-pulsed target cells in vitro (74). Furthermore, Yauch et al. showed, using a mouse model of DENV infection, that CD4 T cells can mediate DENV-specific killing of target cells in vivo, although the production of cytotoxic molecules by CD4 T cells was not assessed (75). Immunization with CD4 T cell epitopes derived from DENV NS proteins NS2B and NS3 can accelerate viral clearance following DENV challenge, suggesting that the induction of cytotoxic CD4 T cells by vaccination may be beneficial for the control of secondary infections with DENV (75).
Previous studies have demonstrated that CD4 T cells with cytotoxic potential as assessed by the expression of CD107a are present in patients associated with both primary and secondary DENV infections, although the frequencies of these cells vary according to infection history and disease severity (12). Interestingly, the frequency of DENV-specific CD107a+ CD4 T cells is higher in DF patients compared with those who had a more severe form of the disease, DHF, implicating a protective role for cytotoxic CD4 T cells in DENV-infected patients (12). Our laboratory has recently discovered that a subset of CD4 T cells expand as a function of DENV infection history and is most prominently represented in donors associated with multiple DENV infections (27). These CD4 T cells display a CD45RAhighCCR7low phenotype, which is distinct from their CD45RAlowCCR7high central memory T (Tcm) and CD45RAlowCCR7low effector memory T (Tem) counterparts, and thus are designated effector memory RA T (Temra) cells. Compared with CD4 Tcm or Tem cells, a higher proportion of CD4 Temra cells express CD8α, the degranulation marker CD107a, as well as other cytotoxic effector molecules such as granzyme B and perforin, suggesting that CD4 Temra population contains anti-DENV cytotoxic CD4 T cells (27). Additionally, CD4 Temra cells also had increased expression of CD226 (27), which is a costimulatory molecule that has been shown to enhance the effector and cytotoxic functions of CD8 T cells (76, 77). Conversely, these cells downregulate CD28 expression (19), which is consistent with previous observations that CD4+CD28− T cells are associated with enhanced cytotoxic functions following infections with CMV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (78, 79). As discussed earlier, the T-box transcription factors T-bet and Eomes coordinate the development of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. Notably, the vast majority of CD4 Temra cells express high levels of T-bet and Eomes, further supporting the notion that CD4 Temra cells encompass cytotoxic CD4 T cell subset in terms of their phenotypic and functional attributes, as well as their transcriptional signatures. Since cytotoxic CD4 Temra cells are generally detected following secondary DENV infections, these findings further support that DENV-specific cytotoxic CD4 T cells are induced by repeated TCR stimulation from conserved DENV antigens, which is consistent with in vitro studies using cytotoxic CD4 T cell clones. Intriguingly, CD4 Temra cells with cytotoxic potential observed in secondary DENV-infected donors phenotypically and functionally resemble the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D)-elicited CD8 Temra cells, which are highly proliferative and polyfunctional as evidenced by their ability to produce various cytokines and cytotoxic molecules including CD107a (80). Since vaccination with YF-17D has been tremendously successful in controlling yellow fever virus (81), Temra phenotype cytotoxic CD4 T cells may be highly relevant in vaccine-elicited protection against DENV infection.
The majority of DENV-specific CD4 Temra cells are not associated with the phenotypes of Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells as evidenced by their lack of expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6, which have been used to distinguish between these distinct CD4 T cell subsets (27, 82). Since CD4 Temra cells encompass cytotoxic populations, these findings further support the notion that cytotoxic CD4 T cells may represent an independent CD4 T cell lineage. Notably, Temra cells upregulate the expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which binds to CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and has been implicated in promoting the adhesion and migration of CD8 T cells (83, 84). Thus, CX3CR1 may facilitate the trafficking of DENV-specific CD4 T cells, particularly cytotoxic CD4 T cells, to infected tissues. Intriguingly, accumulating studies have demonstrated that CD4 tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells reside in sites of pathogen entry and are crucial for the control of viral pathogens such as influenza virus and herpes simplex virus by providing immediate effector functions (85, 86). Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate whether DENV-specific CD4 Trm cells develop following infections and whether CX3CR1 plays a role in their establishment and maintenance in non-lymphoid tissues such as the skin. Importantly, the expression of CX3CR1 is also associated with the cytotoxic functions of CD4 T cells as isolated CX3CR1+ CD4 T cells demonstrated specific killing of DENV epitopes-pulsed target cells ex vivo (27). This is consistent with a recent report showing that CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells have potent cytotoxic functions and express elevated levels of granzyme B and perforin (87). Thus, CX3CR1+ cytotoxic CD4 T cells may play an important role in viral control by directly targeting DENV-infected cells in tissues.
Additional insights into the question of whether cytotoxic CD4 T cells are beneficial in the context of DENV infections come from the association of HLA allelic variants with relative susceptibility or resistance to severe DENV-associated diseases. For instance, HLA class II molecules DRB1*04:01 and DRB1*08:02 are associated with resistance and susceptibility to severe DENV diseases, respectively (88–90). Intriguingly, the frequency of DENV-specific CD4 Temra cells is higher in donors expressing the protective allele DRB1*04:01 compared with those expressing the susceptible allele DRB1*08:02. Moreover, CD4 Temra cells restricted by DRB1*04:01 express substantially higher levels of cytotoxic proteins including CD107a, perforin, and granzyme B compared with their DRB1*08:02-restricted counterparts. Thus, increased abundance and functionality of cytotoxic CD4 Temra cells may be associated with enhanced protection against severe dengue disease. Furthermore, the capacity of CX3CR1+ CD4 T cells to kill target cells varies according to HLA restrictions with the protective allele DRB1*04:01-restricted cells showing higher cytotoxic activities than their susceptible allele DRB1*08:02-restricted counterparts, which again indicates that cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses correlate with protection from severe dengue disease. Since DENV primarily infects major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-expressing antigen-presenting cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and DCs (91, 92), which could be exacerbated by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mechanism (93), cytotoxic CD4 T cells may play important roles in controlling the spread of DENV infection by directly eliminating these cells. Other cell types such as epithelial cells can be induced to upregulate the expression of MHC class II molecules following viral infection and potentially become additional targets for cytotoxic CD4 T cells (43). Therefore, cytotoxic CD4 T cells may contribute to HLA-associated protection against DENV infection by targeting DENV-infected cells of various types. Taken together, we propose a model where repeated antigenic signals as well as other potential cellular and environmental stimuli facilitate the formation of DENV-specific cytotoxic CD4 T cells, which exhibit a Temra phenotype with upregulated CX3CR1 expression and mediate protective responses against DENV infection (Figure 2).
Figure 2. The generation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells following DENV infections. DENV-specific naïve CD4 T cells are activated during primary DENV infection and acquire an effector phenotype and the ability to produce inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ. Following reexposure to secondary heterologous infections, DENV-specific CD4 T cells receive repeated antigenic signals and differentiate into cytotoxic CD4 T cells, which display a CD45RAhighCCR7low Temra phenotype and are characterized by their expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells also upregulate the expression of CD8α and CD226, as well as the transcription factors T-bet and Eomes, which may cooperate with additional transcription regulators to induce the production of cytotoxic molecules such as CD107a, perforin, and granzyme B. In addition to recurring antigens, costimulatory molecules, cytokines, and other environmental cues are all likely to modulate the differentiation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells.
Despite the recent approval of Dengvaxia® in several countries where DENV is epidemic, our need for an efficacious DENV vaccine is still unsatisfied. Accumulating studies strongly indicate that, in addition to CD8 T cells, cytotoxic CD4 T cells may play an important role in eliminating DENV-infected cells and protecting the hosts from severe dengue disease. Since the generation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells is concurrent with multiple DENV infections, it would be interesting to identify the TCR-specificity of cytotoxic CD4 T cells and confirm whether they respond to conserved epitopes shared by different DENV serotypes. This would allow for the design of vaccines that include such epitopes and preferentially induce the formation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells. In addition to vaccines, adoptive transfer of engineered CD4 T cells that are specific for such antigens may accelerate viral clearance and benefit the treatment of DENV infection, as clinical trials of T cells that are engineered to express transgenic TCRs or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have generated promising results in treating cancers (94). Furthermore, costimulatory molecules and cytokines that are involved in the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells may potentially be used as adjuvants to enhance the cytotoxic effects of DENV-specific CD4 T cells. Additionally, elucidating the factors that control the development of cytotoxic CD4 T cells may allow one to manipulate their expression, availability, and activity in order to reshape CD4 T cell responses in patients expressing susceptible alleles and redirect antiviral CD4 T cells to differentiate into potent cytotoxic cells. Finally, T cell differentiation and function is greatly influenced by nutrients and metabolism (95). For instance, glucose and glycolysis promote the expression of cytotoxic molecules in CD8 T cells (96). Thus, modulation of the metabolic program may provide additional opportunities to enhance cytotoxic CD4 T cell response. In summary, future investigations into the antigenic, environmental, and cellular parameters that configure the formation, migration, and maintenance of cytotoxic CD4 T cells may reveal novel strategies for developing and improving vaccines and therapies that fight DENV as well as other emerging pathogens.
YT wrote the manuscript; YT and DW designed the figures; AS and DW critically edited the manuscript.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (contracts Nr. HHSN272200900042C and HHSN27220140045C).
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74. Rothman AL, Kurane I, Ennis FA. Multiple specificities in the murine CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response to dengue virus. J Virol (1996) 70:6540–6.
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Q1 planning application approved including new stadium for Boston United FC
You are here: Home / Latest news / Q1 planning application approved including new stadium for Boston United FC
Tags: stadium development plans
The planning application for Q1 has been approved by Boston Borough Council, with planning committee members voting 10 to 2 in favour.
The plans were recommended for approval by the Council's Development Control Manager. There were no statutory objections to the proposal and the Council received more letters in support than against from members of the public.
David Newton, Managing Director of Chestnut Homes, said
Naturally, we are delighted with the decision. The Quadrant not only secures a home for Boston United Football Club and its valued community programme, but it provides much needed housing, employment and vital financial contributions to local education and healthcare services.
We are extremely grateful for the support we have received from the public throughout this process, and I would particularly like to thank those who took the time to write to the Council and those who spoke in favour of the proposal at the meeting.
This was a big decision to make and an important one for the whole of Boston and the borough. We are pleased that committee members see that The Quadrant is a vital part of the future growth of Boston. We look forward to progressing our plans further and we will continue to keep the community engaged at every stage.
Next steps will include finalising the 'conditions' of the planning permission, which were drawn up by the Council's Development Control Manager and agreed by the planning committee members at the meeting. Work could then start on the Community Stadium and access in early 2015. Detailed proposals for the residential and commercial elements of the project will also be brought forward.
The Secretary of State will now decide whether or not to 'call in' the application to determine it himself. However if he decides not to do this, the decision made by the planning committee stands.
The Project: Football Stadium
Q1 provides an exciting opportunity to create a new stadium that is financially viable, and which helps secure a future for the club and the wide range of community, sports, education and training programmes that it delivers.
The Community Stadium would include a sports hall, an all-weather 3G pitch for community use, plus educational and conferencing facilities.
Alterations have been made to the stadium's design details to reflect feedback from BUFC supporters:
Capacity has been increased to 5,000 (was 4,000)
The stadium will be built to Football League standards
The sports hall will now be incorporated into the stadium design
A climbing wall and dance studio have been added into the plans
New Action Excel NR floating floor system now available
FC Aktobe unveils plans for new 32,000-capacity stadium


The Fuji REAL 3D W1 is a 3D digital camera and is part of the larger Fuji FinePix REAL 3D System. Fuji is touting the breakthrough of its REAL 3D System and highlighting the ability to view 3D images without the need for clunky 3D glasses.
Along with the REAL 3D W1, which offers twin 10-megapixel sensors, Fuji is releasing a companion REAL 3D V1 viewer, which is essentially an 8″ digital photo frame. Finally, Fuji has developed a 3D Print service, which allows you to print your 3D images.
The Fuji FinePix REAL 3D System will be available September 2009.
While the Fujifilm Finepix Real 3D W1 definitely achieves its 3D ambitions with utterly convincing images, the high price, bulky size and limited 2D capabilities mean that it will probably remain something of a niche product.
July 22, 2009 – Fujifilm is extremely proud to announce the launch of a groundbreaking new imaging technology: the "FinePix REAL 3D System". The world's first three dimensional (3D) digital imaging system that lets you enjoy three dimensional images without the need to wear special 3D glasses. The FinePix REAL 3D system incorporates a 3D digital camera "FinePix REAL 3D W1", a 3D digital viewer "FinePix REAL 3D V1", and 3D prints.
As a pioneer in the digital imaging sector, in 2009, Fujifilm will be able to offer the complete 3D package: from digital photography, to digital prints. Fujifilm is once again breaking new ground and continuing to raise expectations in the development of new imaging products.
Aiming to "capture precious moments just as your eyes see it", over the last decade Fujifilm has developed unique lenses, CCDs and Processors, amongst other key digital camera technologies. This year heralds the launch of the world's first digital camera that can capture 3D stills and movies, the "FinePix REAL 3D W1", and the "Fine Pix REAL 3D V1", an 8-inch viewer on which spectacular 3D images can be displayed. Additionally, with advances in high precision production technology, Fujifilm has successfully developed a 3D Print service enabling you to print and keep your 3D images, as never before.
World's first digital camera to capture realistic 3D stills and movies.
The REAL 3D W1 camera features the newly developed "FinePix REAL 3D Lens System." To achieve a natural, 3D image, it was necessary to flawlessly layer together two images, so two Fujinon lenses, renowned for their high resolution and exquisite rendering, were installed. A robust aluminum die-cast frame has been used to protect the lenses from vibration and impact. A 3x optical zoom, deemed difficult to achieve in 3D photography because of the precision required to align two lenses, is also possible. Moreover, the "RP (Real Photo) Processor 3D" which is based on photo technology that Fujifilm has developed over the years, synchronizes data passed to it by the two lenses and two CCD sensors, to determine shooting conditions such as focus, brightness and tonality to instantaneously blend this information into a single symmetrical image, for both stills and movies. The 3D/2D LCD monitor features Fujifilm's own LCD panel, exclusively for the display of 3D/2D images on digital cameras, allowing you to see beautiful, natural 3D images with the naked eye. As the camera performs a series of image processing steps automatically, anyone can take 3D stills and movies with superb picture quality by just pointing the camera and pressing the shutter button.
The FinePix REAL 3D W1 allows you to adjust the settings to suit the scene being photographed. When using the Individual Shutter 3D Shooting mode, the camera shifts to take the second shot after taking the first shot, and saves a single 3D image in the camera manually. This allows you to edit the 3D images, particularly useful for landscape photography where a 3D image is difficult to achieve, or conversely, macro shots, where the 3D effect can be too strong.
"Interval 3D Shooting" mode allows further flexibility; it is possible to take two shots from different viewpoints continuously while the photographer is moving, for example by train, airplane, or car, etc., to achieve 3D images of long-distance views. Users can enjoy more dynamic 3D shots, whether they are capturing a sea of clouds from an airplane, or taking 3D shots of distant views from a car window. By using the "Parallax Control (3D Tuning Function)", the 3D images can be manually adjusted for a clear and sharper 3D view for the best view for each person. Adjustable in both live images on LCD while shooting and recorded images; this simplicity-of-use lets users really get creative when shooting in 3D!
Don't overlook the fact that this camera also brings fun new possibilities in 2D photography! You can really take advantage of the fact that this is actually two digital cameras in one. The "Advanced 2D Mode" lets users take two different shots simultaneously by pressing the shutter once. With "Tele/Wide Simultaneous Shooting", it is possible to take a close-up photo of the subject and, at the same time, a photo with a wider span – just by changing the settings of the two lenses. Achieving zoom and wide angle photography with single press of shutter. With "2-Color Simultaneous Shooting" mode, users can take photos of the same scene with different color tonalities, for example, "Standard" and "Fujichrome", by changing the processing signals on the two sensors. Able to achieve 2 different images with different color tonality. At the same time, 13 types of scene position are featured to enjoy various shooting styles that can be used both in 2D and 3D shooting.
"2-Sensitivity Simultaneous Shooting" mode enables you to change the sensitivity setting of the two shooting systems, which expands the range of photographic expression. In scenes where it is difficult to determine the optimal camera settings, users can take shots with picture stabilization priority and then with picture quality priority and choose the best image later, or change the picture stabilization levels to take two different shots simultaneously.
A beautiful, cutting-edge exterior design that is durable yet easy to use.
You can't deny this is a good-looking camera, with cutting-edge style. The sleek sliding barrier which protects the two lenses is specially formed so that it can be firmly gripped with both hands. The exterior finish is a luxurious Piano Black finish with a superb, high-gloss, elegant shine. To add to the glamour, the neon blue "3D" logo illuminates when the camera is switched on. On the back of the camera, operating buttons such as the one-touch 3D/2D switch button, are placed on both sides of the camera for simple operation using both hands. The newly developed 2.8-inch 3D LCD monitor displays natural and beautiful 2D and 3D images, enabling you to compose and playback your pictures easily.
The 3D digital viewer "FinePix REAL 3D V1" features Fujifilm's newly developed 3D/2D display 8.0-inch LCD panel, which allows users to enjoy and playback 3D images without needing to wear special 3D glasses. Insert a SD memory card which 3D images have been saved, and enjoy a 3D slideshow just by switching on the power. If the "Parallax Control" is used, you can adjust the 3D effect on the viewer manually.
The 3D digital viewer will suit any living room with its slim & minimalistic design. With various playback functions, you can enjoy various 3D and 2D slideshows, plus a Micro Thumbnail View, and an easy-to-use "Image Search" feature.
With an adjustable stand you can change the angle for clearer 3D viewing, and enjoy simple operation with the intuitive remote control included. The viewer can read and display image data stored on memory cards. It can also receive image data via high-speed Ir Communication. Users can also directly connect it to their personal computer via USB and transfer stored images to the viewer for display.
PLUS, print your 3D images with high precision Fujifilm technology!
With spectacular results, Fujifilm has integrated high precision prints, with lenticular sheets, resulting in the ability to produce high resolution 3D images. The process involves the 3D image data being integrated using highly advanced technology and projected through a lenticular sheet lens to produce an image with binocular disparity. This then creates a very special 3D print with incredible detail and beauty, keeping precious moments alive forever.
This is awesome! I would like to see some sample images. What I don't quite get is, don't you need 3D glasses to view these images? Or else line them up side by side and cross your eyes?
@Samantha – I'm right there with you. I'm looking forward to seeing how all this works. According to Fuji, you won't need 3D glasses; however, you'll need to order Fuji's special prints to get the proper 3D effect. I don't think you'll need to cross your eyes though. Hopefully, I'll get my hands on one when it's released and report back.
This is an excellent achievement from FujiFilm and I hope the technology catches on. If the price is not totally insane i'm going to try to get my hands on one of these!
I'm planning on picking up one of these, but I'm concerned that Fuji is not being very clear on the synchronization of the 2 images. The action shot of the snow boarder in their ad is unrealistic, and if the sync is off, the 3d image will be flawed. I hope I'm wrong, but it looks like the subject of the 3D images will have to be very still.
The viewer (on camera and seperate) is a 'Barrier 3D Display', which is sort of a poor-man's lenticular 3D display. They work fine. Google it. You can get one for your LCD monitor or TV. One eye is blocked from seeing what only the other eye should see, as long as you are within a fairly generous range of depths from the display, which is what you will be when taking a picture. Fuji did a good job in pulling together many things others have been doing into a single product. Yes, there are other 'glasses free' 3D solutions out there. Yes, there are 2 digital camera syncronizers out there to do 3D (I made one myself) and the timing is not an issue until we try to 'over depth' something; you do that with two shots now and with Fuji; please don't worry about that detail, the US Air Force worked out those details in 1943. The prints are to give to friends who don't have the viewer, or a 3D LCD monitor; there are companies who make them now; I have some on my desk. Fuji is to be applauded, unless the price kills it. I want mine yesterday.
I played with a production model here in Tokyo where they are already on sale. I've been a stereographer for 20+ years and was excited by the hype and potential. Unfortunately this camera uses a lenticular viewing panel which makes it little more than a digital nimslo. You still have to shift your head back and forth to "get" the 3D just like those novelty greeting cards etc., and the display frame had an annoying "flicker" that gave me a headache. The 3d movie was fun, but again limited by the annoying viewing panel. The image on the camera viewer itself was outstanding, but with the view panel as it is now sold being the ONLY was to view the images I won't be spending the money . The prints will be little more than the nimslo prints available , what 30 years ago ,I'm afraid. I think alternating polorizers and viewing glasses would have worked better, but that's just my opinion. I had high hopes but was disappointed. Price $1000 for camera and view panel.
Just ordered my camera today. The long time experts are starting to post images online and I no longer have any concerns about synchronization between left and right images. Looks like this camera is going to be a winner! I can put away my 2-camera rig and save a pocket for the new camera. I can't wait!!!


A fire occurs in a home every 10 seconds, and every 60 seconds there is a home fire serious enough to call the fire department. There are time-tested ways to prevent and survive a fire. It's not a question of luck. It's a matter of planning ahead.
Designate a meeting place outdoors.
Make sure cigarettes and ashes are out. The cigarette needs to be completely snubbed out in the ashtray or run under water.
In case of a fire, don't stop for anything. Do not try to rescue possessions or pets. Go directly to your meeting place, and then call the fire department from a neighbor's phone, or a cell phone. Every member of your household should know how to call the fire department.
Crawl low under smoke. Smoke contains deadly gases, and heat rises. During a fire, cleaner air will be near the floor. If you encounter smoke when using your primary exit, use an alternative escape route. If you must exit through smoke, crawl on your hands and knees, keeping your head 12" to 24" above the floor.
Once you are out of your home, don't go back in for any reason. If people are trapped, the firefighters have the best chance of rescuing them. The heat and smoke of a fire are overpowering. Firefighters have the training, experience, and protective equipment needed to enter burning buildings.
Install smoke detectors outside every sleeping area and on every level of your home. Follow installation instructions carefully, and test smoke detectors monthly. Change all smoke detector batteries at least once a year. Changing your smoke detector batteries when you change your clocks is a good way to remember. If your detector is more than 10 years old, replace it with a new one.
Cooking is the number one cause of house fires, and the leading cause of home cooking fires and injuries is unattended cooking.
If grease catches fire, carefully slide a lid over the pan to smother the flames, and turn off the burner.
Always keep an eye on food being heated. If you leave the kitchen, turn off the heat. If the phone rings or something else requires you to leave the kitchen momentarily when cooking, take a pot holder or wooden spoon with you as a reminder to get back to the kitchen quickly.
Keep young children away from appliances when cooking. If you allow older children to cook, supervise them closely and teach them safe cooking practices. Enforce a 3' kid-free-zone around the range and teach youngsters not to play in that area.
Make sure to keep all pot handles turned inward so they are not accidentally knocked over.
Dress appropriately for cooking. Wear short or tight-fitting sleeves when cooking and use caution when working near heat sources.
Every home should be equipped with several fire extinguishers. It's recommended to have at least one fire extinguisher on each floor of your home. Also, keep them in plain sight and no more than 5' above the floor. The most important places to have a fire extinguisher are in the areas that are more susceptible to fire. These areas are the kitchen, laundry room, and garage.
Fire extinguishers are divided into four categories, based on different types of fires.
Class D fire extinguishers are commonly found in a chemical laboratory. They are for fires that involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. These types of extinguishers also have no numerical rating, nor are they given a multi-purpose rating - they are designed for class D fires only.
Always read the instructions that come with the fire extinguisher beforehand and become familiar with its parts.
If used correctly, a fire extinguisher is part of your first line of defense in fireproofing your home.
Make sure you have an escape route in case conditions worsen.
Remove the extinguisher and look at the pressure gauge to make sure the unit is charged.
Remember PASS: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
Pull the pin or other sealing device.
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire from about 8' – 10' away.
Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.
Make sure the fire is out. A fire can rekindle easily.
Recharge the extinguisher as soon as possible.
If you have doubts about using the extinguisher, leave the building and call 9-1-1. If you decide to fight the fire, call 9-1-1 first anyway. Don't wait to call; this is precious time that can't be wasted while you try to fight the fire.


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America, Lower Mississippi River ex Memphis to New Orleans
Ship: America
Cruise Line: American Cruise Lines
Selected sailing date: 28 Mar 2020
Available sailing dates:
7 Night Cruise sailing from Memphis to New Orleans aboard America.
NOTE: Cruise operates in approximate reverse order to the itinerary outlined below.
Day 1 New Orleans, LA
Welcome to New Orleans, also known as the Big Easy. This vibrant city is the perfect destination to begin your Mississippi River voyage. Arrive the day before your cruise and American Cruise Lines will handle the rest. With thoughtfully planned excursions encompassing the biggest attractions and cultural highlights of New Orleans, and complimentary transportation to the ship, we make sure your tour is as worry-free as possible.
Day 2 Oak Alley, LA
Once serving as an antebellum sugar cane homestead, Oak Alley Plantation is named after its most distinguishing feature, a row of 300 year old oak trees. This leafy canopy forms a path leading to the Mississippi River. Restored to its 19th Century grandeur, this classic Greek revival-style antebellum mansion is breathtaking.
Day 3 Baton Rouge, LA
Baton Rouge features all the history and wonder you would expect in a state capital, but with an added down home flavor that makes it truly unique. Our private guides will take you on a tour of the cities' most famous attractions including the Old & New State Capitals and the interactive Louisiana State Museum.
Day 4 St. Francisville, LA
This southern town charms with simple pleasures and unique treasures. Located on the bluffs of the Mississippi River, St. Francisville has been called "one of the 200 most beautiful small towns in America." Take a stroll through its historic center with two centuries of architecture and lifestyles on display. Enjoy visits to restored antebellum mansions including Rosedown.
Day 5 Natchez, MS
Celebrating its 300th year, Natchez, is a city full of history and Southern hospitality. American Cruise Lines will take you on a guided exploration of this fascinating area with visits to its gardens, historic homes, and museums. While here, we will treat you to a special concert in the music room of the JN Stone House.
Day 6 Vicksburg, MS
The city of Vicksburg served as a pivotal turning point during the American Civil War. Come with us as our informative Historian guides us through the National Military Park which commemorates the campaign, siege and defense of Vicksburg. Our expert guides and park rangers show you battlefields, the U.S.S. Cairo gunboat, and the most significant historic places.
Day 7 Day of River Cruising
Enjoy the warmth of the Mississippi River sun as we cruise from Vicksburg to Memphis. Relax in one of the many spacious lounges or catch gentle breezes on the sun deck.
Day 8 Memphis, TN
Memphis is home to many things; Blues, BBQ, Beale Street and, of course, the King of Rock 'n Roll - Elvis Presley. American Cruise Lines will explore this amazing city on a narrated tour as we visit the many highlights that make Memphis so captivating. You'll get to touch, taste and listen your way around Memphis as we celebrate its eclectic history.
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Please note, while prices and inclusions are accurate at time of loading they are subject to change due to changes in cruise line policies and pricing and due to currency fluctuations. Currency surcharges may apply. Please check details of price and inclusions at time of booking.
Memphis Tennessee, USA
28/03 Memphis Tennessee, USA
29/03 River Cruising
30/03 Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
31/03 Natchez, Mississippi, USA
01/04 St Francisville, Louisiana, USA
02/04 Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
03/04 Oak Alley Plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana, USA
04/04 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Itinerary may vary by sailing date and itineraries may be changed at the cruise lines discretion. Please check itinerary details at time of booking and before booking other travel services such as airline tickets.
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