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Home/Celebrity Net Worth/Celebrities/Marcia Clark Net Worth
Marcia Clark Net Worth
Marcia Clark Net Worth 2021: Wiki Biography, Married, Family, Measurements, Height, Salary, Relationships
Marcia Clarke net worth is
Marcia Clarke Wiki Biography
Born Marcia Rachel Kleks on the 31st August 1953, in Alameda, California USA, she is a prosecutor, author and television correspondent best known to the world as the head prosecutor in the O.J. Simpson murder case. Marcia`s career has been active since the 1980s.
Have you ever wondered how rich Marcia Clark is, as of late 2016? According to authoritative sources, it has been estimated that Marcia`s net worth is as high as $4 million, an amount earned through her successful careers. She has written six books, including "Without a Doubt" (1997), "Guilt By Association" (2012), "Killer Ambition" (2013), "The Competition" (2014), and "Blood Defense" (2016), the sales of which have also added to her net worth.
Marcia Clark Net Worth $4 Million
Marcia is the daughter of Abraham Kleks and his wife Rozlyn. Her father grew up in Israel and served as a chemist for the Food and Drug Administration; Marcia was raised as Orthodox Jew. She attended Susan E. Wagner High School, and after matriculation she enrolled at the University of California, obtaining a degree in political science. After that she enrolled at the Southwestern University School of Law, and earned her Juris Doctor degree. She was admitted to the State Bar of California in 1979.
Soon after passing the bar, Marcia got the job of prosecutor of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, and from 1981 she worked as a deputy district attorney, while her mentor was Harvey Giss. Her first big case was the prosecution of Robert John Bardo who was charged for murdering television star Rebecca Shaeffer. The trial was successful, as Bardo was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. Three years later, her life started changing with the trial of former football player O. J. Simpson, who according to charges murdered his wife Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. However, O.J. Simpson was acquitted of charges, and as a result, Marcia was highly criticized, and she left the court for good, after the alleged debacle.
Following the end of her court life, Marcia became a correspondent for "Entertainment Tonight", and reported high profile trials for the show, and also did reports from red carpets during the Emmy Awards, among other shows. She was also a guest attorney on the show "Power of Attorney", and in 2013, Marcia covered the George Zimmerman murder trial in Florida for CNN.
She is also an author, and apart from publishing several books, she also writes a column for the news website The Daily Beast, which contributes to her net worth too.
Regarding her personal life, Marcia was married twice, firstly to Gabriel Horowitz in 1976, but just four years later the couple divorced. The same year she married Gordon Clark, whose last name she has kept even though they divorced in 1995, but before that she gave birth to their two sons.
While in her teens, Marcia was raped while she was on a trip to Israel, and she credits that event for her becoming a prosecutor. She stated that she didn`t deal with what happened until much later in life, but still it had a huge effect on her life.
Full Name Marcia Clark
Date Of Birth August 31, 1953
Place Of Birth Alameda, California, United States
Profession Prosecutor
Education University of California, Los Angeles Susan E. Wagner High School, Southwestern Law School
Spouse Gordon Clark (m. 1981–1995), Gabriel Horowitz (m. 1976–1981)
Children Trevor Clark, Travis Clark
Parents Rozlyn Masur, Abraham Kleks
Facebook https://www.facebook.com/thatmarciaclark
Twitter https://twitter.com/thatmarciaclark
Allmusic http://www.allmusic.com/song/marcia-clark-mt0000070123
Awards Glamour Woman of the Year Award, Glamour Woman of the Year Award
1 [on 'The Competitors', her novel about a high school shooting] When I wrote it I was reaching back to Columbine, thinking, How do kids end up this way? Who wants to believe that their child goes to a school that's a death zone? Then came Sandy Hook and then one after another after another after another. It was so upsetting. For a minute there, I thought maybe I should drop this book.
2 [on her role as an appellate lawyer] It's a very different kind of practice from trial work, because we review the transcripts and look for errors that make a difference in the verdict or sentencing. It's kind of an intellectual thing, but it keeps me on top of the way cases are handled.
3 [on the O.J.Simpson trial] At the time, I couldn't see the degree to which justice could be subverted by fame and the way that fame impacts everything: the judge, the lawyers, the witnesses. It was inexplicable to me.
1 Graduated from Susan Wagner High School in Staten Island, New York in 1971. Her father had moved the family in January, so she couldn't graduate with her class. The school mailed her diploma to her.
2 Graduated from UCLA in 1976 with a bachelor's degree in political science.
3 Graduated from Southwestern University Law School in 1979 and passed the California Bar the same year.
4 Worked for the Los Angeles law firm of Brodey & Price before resigning to become an Assistant District Attorney for Los Angeles County.
5 Has two sons with her second husband. Travis Clark (b. 1989) and Trevor Clark (b. 1992).
Pretty Little Liars 2013 TV Series Sidney Barnes
Guilt by Association 2015 TV Movie executive producer
The 68th Primetime Emmy Awards 2016 TV Special Herself - Audience Member
WGN Morning News 2016 TV Series Herself
Late Night with Seth Meyers 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest
Home & Family 2016 TV Series Herself
The Wendy Williams Show 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest
Inside Edition 2016 TV Series documentary Herself
Today 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest
Oprah: Where Are They Now? 2013-2016 TV Series Herself
Larry King Now 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest
The View 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest Co-Hostess / Herself - Guest
Ellen: The Ellen DeGeneres Show 2016 TV Series Herself - Guest
Entertainment Tonight 2007-2016 TV Series Herself / Herself - Former Prosecutor / Herself - OJ Trial Prosecutor
Extra 2016 TV Series Herself
O.J.: Made in America 2016 Documentary Herself - Interviewee
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson 2014 TV Series Herself - Guest
Politics Nation with Al Sharpton 2013 TV Series Herself
Fox and Friends 2012 TV Series Herself
The Joy Behar Show 2011 TV Series Herself - Guest
Breakfast 2011 TV Series Herself - Guest
OJ Simpson: Monster or Myth? 2010 Documentary Herself (credit only)
Larry King Live 2005-2009 TV Series Herself - Guest
CMT: 20 Sexiest Videos of 2005 2005 TV Special Herself
The O'Reilly Factor 2005 TV Series Herself
Hollywood Squares 2004 TV Series Herself
Girlfriends 2003 TV Series Herself
First Monday 2002 TV Series Herself
The Test 2001 TV Series Herself - Panelist
Power of Attorney 2000 TV Series Herself
American Justice 2000 TV Series documentary Herself
Later 1999 TV Series Herself - Guest
Absolutely 100% Guilty 1999 Video documentary Herself
Howard Stern 1997 TV Series Herself - Guest
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 1997 TV Series Herself - Guest
E! True Hollywood Story 1998 TV Series documentary Herself
Entertainment Tonight 2015-2016 TV Series Herself / Herself - OJ Trial Prosecutor
Extra 2016 TV Series Herself / Herself - Former Prosecutor
The Case of: JonBenét Ramsey 2016 TV Mini-Series documentary Herself
Kardashian: The Man Who Saved OJ Simpson 2016 TV Movie Herself
Mike & Mike 2016 TV Series Herself - Prosecutor, O.J. Simpson Trial
O.J. Simpson Trial: The Real Story 2016 TV Movie documentary Herself
20/20 2015 TV Series documentary Herself - Prosecuting Attorney
On the Record w/ Brit Hume 2014 TV Series Herself
The O.J. Simpson Trial: Where Are They Now? 2014 TV Movie Herself
Mugshots 2013 TV Series documentary Herself
True Crime with Aphrodite Jones 2010 TV Series documentary Herself
Frontline 2005 TV Series documentary Herself
Bamboozled 2000 Herself - Behind O.J. Simpson (uncredited)
O.J.: Made in America (2016)
as Herself - Interviewee
The 68th Primetime Emmy Awards (2016)
as Herself - Audience Member
Entertainment Tonight (2007-2016)
as Herself / Herself - Former Prosecutor / Herself -
Absolutely 100% Guilty (1999)
$4 Million 1.68 m 1953 1953-08-31 Abraham Kleks Alameda American Assistant director August 31 California Epithet (2012) Gabriel Horowitz Gabriel Horowitz m. 1976–1981 George Zimmerman Gordon Clark Gordon Clark m. 1981–1995 Gordon Tolls Clark Harvey Giss I Give It a Year (2013) Los Angeles Susan E. Wagner High School Marcia Clark Net Worth Marcia Clarke Miscellaneous Crew Nicole Brown Simpson O. J. Simpson Philomena (2013) Prosecutor Rebecca Shaeffer Robert John Bardo Ron Goldman Rozlyn Masur Southwestern Law School Trance (2013) Travis Clark Trevor Clark United States University of California
Thomas Lee Net Worth
Alexei Yashin Net Worth
Becky Quick Net Worth
George Soros Net Worth
Daley Thompson Net Worth
Marina Sirtis Net Worth
Margot Robbie Net Worth
Dustin Lynch Net Worth


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Reading: China's Tencent wins first game licence in 18 months | Technology
China's Tencent wins first game licence in 18 months | Technology
By Lovabledaniels Published November 18, 2022 World News
China's gaming regulator approves 70 new titles after earlier nine-month freeze on releases.
China has granted tech giant Tencent its first licence for a video game in 18 months, ending a dry spell that had threatened its position as the world's top game maker.
Beijing moved against the country's vibrant gaming sector last year as part of a sprawling crackdown on big tech companies, including a cap on the amount of time children and teenagers could spend playing games.
Officials also froze approvals of new titles for nine months until April.
China's gaming regulator, the National Press and Publication Administration, on Thursday said it had approved 70 new titles in November, including Tencent's action game "Metal Slug: Awakening" and a role-playing game "Journey to the West: Return" by rival NetEase.
Gaming licences are mandatory for video games to be published and sold in the Chinese market.
The last time Tencent obtained a big license was in May 2021.
A Tencent subsidiary received a licence in September but it was for a free educational game.
Shares of the Hong Kong-listed company edged up 0.5 percent in early trade on Friday after the licensing announcement, while NetEase gained five percent.
The approval signals a relaxing of China's strict attitude towards tech companies.
During the tech crackdown, hundreds of game makers pledged to scrub "politically harmful" content from their products and enforce curbs on underage players in a bid to comply with government demands.
Strict restrictions announced last year allow players under the age of 18 to play for three hours a week.
TAGGED: Chinas, game, licence, months, technology, Tencent, Wins
Lovabledaniels November 18, 2022


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Emergency Preparedness and Response
An RWJF Collection
New "Outbreaks" Report Finds Major Gaps in Country's Ability to Counter Infectious Diseases
Washington, D.C.—A report released today by Trust for America's Health (TFAH) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) finds the nation's ability to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks are hampered by outdated systems and limited resources.
The Outbreaks: Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases report finds that a majority of states (34) score 5 or lower out of 10 key indicators of policies and capabilities to protect against infectious disease threats. Three states tied for the lowest score, achieving two out of 10 possible indicators – Georgia, Nebraska and New Jersey. New Hampshire had the highest score, achieving 8 out of 10. Seven states had the second highest score, at 7 out of 10, Connecticut, Delaware, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington.
"From antibiotic-resistant Superbugs to Salmonella to the seasonal flu, infectious diseases disrupt lives and communities," said Jeffrey Levi, PhD, executive director of TFAH. "Fighting these diseases requires constant vigilance. The bad news is that we found major gaps in the country's ability to prevent, control and treat outbreaks, leaving Americans at an unacceptable level of unnecessary risk."
Some key findings include:
One-third of states do not require healthcare facilities to report healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Approximately one out of every 20 hospitalized patients will contract a HAI.
Only one-quarter of states vaccinated at-least half of their population against the seasonal flu. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends all Americans ages 6 months and older get vaccinated. Twenty percent of Americans get the flu each year.
Only two states (Connecticut and Delaware) and Washington, D.C. meet the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) goal of vaccinating at least 90 percent of preschoolers (19- to 35-month olds) against the whooping cough.
Fewer than half of states require human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations, education for parents about the vaccine or funding for vaccinations. CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the vaccination for both males and females at 11 or 12 years of age.
One-third of states do not cover routine HIV screening under their Medicaid program. More than 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV/AIDS, and almost one in five do not know they are infected.
Just over half of public health laboratories did not test their Continuity of Operations (COOP) plans either through a drill or real event last year.
Two-thirds of states decreased funding for public health from Fiscal Year (FY) 2011-12 to FY 2012-13.
The report's indicators are developed in consultation with leading public health experts based on data from publicly available sources or information provided by public officials.
"Many infectious disease threats keep me up at night – from the emergence of a new deadly disease, such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), to the prospect of bioterrorism, to antibiotic resistant infections, to the worsening of mosquito-borne illnesses being driven by changes in the climate," said Tom Inglesby, MD, chief executive officer and director of the UPMC Center for Health Security.
Outbreaks provides a series of recommendations that address many of the major gaps in infectious disease control and prevention, including:
Strengthening fundamental capabilities – maintaining an expert workforce and giving them state-of-the-art tools required to conduct investigations to quickly detect, control and treat disease outbreaks;
Countering antibiotic resistance and prioritizing research and development of medical countermeasures should be top health and national security priorities;
Increasing the number of Americans receiving recommended vaccinations and routine screenings for particular diseases, since these are the safest and most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases in the United States;
Modernizing disease surveillance and ensuring public health laboratories have the equipment and capacity to not only test for routine problems like foodborne illnesses but also for new and large-scale threats like bioterrorism or a pandemic;
Supporting policies and incentives to reduce the number of healthcare-associated infections, ensuring Americans can receive safe care;
Improving global coordination to prevent and contain emerging new illnesses like MERS while maintaining defenses against "old-school" threats like malaria and tuberculosis;
Shoring up the nation's public health preparedness capabilities to respond to major disease outbreaks or acts of bioterrorism to ensure new threats can be rapidly identified and contained; and
Countering complacency around HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) and tuberculosis– including countering an alarming rise in new HIV infections among young gay men, and screening millions of Baby Boomers who may be infected with HCV and do not know they are at risk for developing serious liver disease as they age.
The report and state-by-state materials are available on TFAH's website at www.healthyamericans.org. The report was supported by a grant from RWJF.
Score Summary:
A full list of all of the indicators and scores and the full report are available on TFAH's website. For the state-by-state scoring, states received one point for achieving an indicator or zero points if they did not achieve the indicator. Zero is the lowest possible overall score, 10 is the highest. The data for the indicators are from publicly available sources or were provided from public officials.
8 out of 10: New Hampshire
7 out of 10: Connecticut, Delaware, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island and Washington
6 out of 10: Colorado, D.C., Hawaii, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Virginia
5 out of 10: Alaska, California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont and Wisconsin
4 out of 10: Alabama, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Dakota, Ohio, Texas, Utah and West Virginia
3 out of 10: Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Montana, Nevada and Wyoming
2 out of 10: Georgia, Nebraska and New Jersey
Trust for America's Health is a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to saving lives by protecting the health of every community and working to make disease prevention a national priority. www.healthyamericans.org
About the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation focuses on the pressing health and health care issues facing our country. As the nation's largest philanthropy devoted exclusively to health and health care, the Foundation works with a diverse group of organizations and individuals to identify solutions and achieve comprehensive, measurable, and timely change. For more than 40 years the Foundation has brought experience, commitment, and a rigorous, balanced approach to the problems that affect the health and health care of those it serves. When it comes to helping Americans lead healthier lives and get the care they need, the Foundation expects to make a difference in your lifetime. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.rwjf.org/twitter or on Facebook at www.rwjf.org/facebook.
Melissa Blair
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation media@rwjf.org (609) 627-5937
Public and Community Health
Health Care Quality and Value


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Q: SSRS Textbox hide bullet point I have a textbox with a list of bullet points. All of the bullet points except for the last one are static text that always appears.
The last bullet point is also static text but it only appears when a parameter is true.
So when it's true I want to see:

*

*Some Text

*Some other Text

*Some more text

*Final line of text

when it's false I want to see:

*

*Some Text

*Some other Text

*Some more text

I tried setting the value of the final bullet point to be an expression which hides the text if the parameter is false, but that gives me:

*

*Some Text

*Some other Text

*Some more text

*

I feel like I'm missing something simple, but how do I hide the last bullet point?

A: Not an answer, but a work around:
Ended up getting rid of bullet points completely and manually numbering the items in the list. Then turned the last one into an expression which only displayed when certain criteria was true.
Feel there should be a better way but not able to find one (if you can provide a better answer I'm still very interested)

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Woolies continue their dope new series of watercolor animal tees with this sick depiction of a snake coiled around a tree branch. Would you take the apple if it offered you one? Full color water base print on a premium black shirt, fits true-to-size.


Yes.. a MAN! This is our first time to feature a man as our special guest but we are excited for you to get to know him.
Jeff McManus grows things. As the Director of Landscape Services at the University of Mississippi, he grows plants….he grows people….he grows ideas. Jeff is a problem-solver, understanding that doing more with less is a 21st century mandate. After coming to the University in 2000, Jeff took on the challenge of managing a multi-million dollar landscaping beautification implementation project. Faced with a demand for excellence and high productivity, and a stagnant budget, Jeff knew that growing the people was critical to growing the plants. Through that experience, Jeff developed his approach to managing resources and developing personnel – his GROW-theory; a management and professional development approach based in the belief that all humans either strive for or have within them the elements of Greatness, Resiliency, Opportunity and Wisdom – they just need a fertile environment to GROW.
← Holiday Special with our girls!


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Cheap flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles (CID - LAX)
The best prices from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles are usually found in August or July, booked 35 days in advance, depart on a Wednesday or Saturday and return on a Wednesday
Home North America USA California Los Angeles Cheap flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
Cedar Rapids Municipal (CID) to Los Angeles (LAX)
CID - LAX
From Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
One-way flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
What is the cheapest day to fly round-trip from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles?
Users have found that leaving on a Tuesday can be a cost-effective option. It's possible to save up to 36% on your flight compared to booking on days when demand is much higher.
How far in advance should I book a flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles?
To save on the cost of your flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles, book at least 17 days before your planned departure. Booking around this time can save you about 20% on the cost of this flight compared to booking a flight leaving this week. We have found prices from $75 if you need a flight within two weeks. For flights within the next 72 hours, you can find tickets from as low as $95.
What is the cheapest month to fly from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles?
The best pricing can be found in the month of April. Prices to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal average $86. You can even find prices in April for less than $86, as users have found deals to Los Angeles from as low as $43. The month of December appears to be one of the more expensive times to travel to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal. Flying in the targeted month can save you up to 23%.
When is the cheapest time to fly from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles (CID - LAX)?
It's typically best to fly out from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles in the evening. Doing so could potentially save you 43% on the flight price compared to flying in the afternoon, which is usually more expensive.
Cheap flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles in January, February 2021
The best prices found for CID to LAX flights for January, February
$88pp
Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles 2021 flight deals
Cheap flights to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal found for this year
Non-stop flights to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal
Save time with Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles direct flight deals
12 Jun - 16 Jun
Last minute flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
Late deals on round-trip flights to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal, departing today and this week
One-way flights to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal
The cheapest one-way flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
Useful info, stats and facts about Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles flights.
Are flight prices decreasing from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles due to COVID-19 (coronavirus)?
At this time, Cheapflights has noticed price decreases for many domestic flights due to COVID-19. Travel is not necessarily recommended at this time, and flights may be prone to cancellation: please check with local authorities in both Cedar Rapids and Los Angeles for travel alerts, and be sure to review the airline's cancellation policy and travel advisories before booking. For more information, please view our post on what to know about COVID-19 (coronavirus) and travel.
What safety measures are being taken by airlines flying from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles to control the spread of COVID-19?
Delta is one of the many airlines that have implemented additional safety measures to control the spread of COVID-19. Some of the new policies that have been implemented to accommodate travelers flying from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles are improved sanitation, HEPA filters, mask requirements, social distance seating (for a limited time), and pre-flight testing for antibodies and symptoms. Policies will vary by airline.
Which airlines flying from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles have flexible cancellations due to COVID-19?
Some of the carriers operating flights from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles that may be offering flexible cancellation policies are United Airlines, American Airlines, and Allegiant Air. Our site will let you filter for all airlines offering greater flexibility due to COVID-19.
Can I find flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles for under $100 on Cheapflights?
Yes, there are multiple flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles for under $100. The cheapest flight booked recently is on Frontier for just $88, but on average you can expect to pay $170.
Are there nonstop flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles for under $300 on Cheapflights?
Cheapflights has at least 1 direct flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles under $300. A good price for a nonstop flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles is less than $252.
Are there last-minute flights available from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles for under $200?
There are currently 17+ open flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles within the next 7 days for less than $200.
Within the past month, 44 users have taken a look at flights from Cedar Rapids to Los Angeles.
Does it rain more in Cedar Rapids or Los Angeles?
The rainfall in Cedar Rapids is generally more than the rainfall in Los Angeles. This will continue over the next 10 days.
Is Cedar Rapids weather warmer or cooler than Los Angeles?
Temperatures around the 90 °F's can be experienced in August. The weather in Los Angeles is hotter than in Cedar Rapids. Plan for potential changes in flight availability as peak weather approaches in this location.
How long is the flight from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles?
Frontier and American Airlines can get you from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles in just under 6h 29m. Your travel time can differ by up to 3h 18m. This flight may include one or multiple stops.
What is the cheapest airline to fly from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles round-trip?
Cheapflights users have booked flights from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles round-trip from $88. Frontier is currently priced 74% below the average price you'll pay for this route.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles one-way?
One-way options have recently been found by users for as low as $93 on Frontier. Other airlines that offer cheap prices include Delta from $170 and United Airlines from $202 one-way.
Flights to Los Angeles from Cedar Rapids Municipal
Flights to Cedar Rapids Municipal Flights to Los Angeles Flights from Los Angeles
Alternative routes for Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
Waterloo to Los Angeles from $241 pp
Des Moines to Bakersfield from $291 pp
Dubuque to Los Angeles from $379 pp
Things to know before you go. Useful info for your trip from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
Airports servicing Cedar Rapids
Cedar Rapids (CID)
Top 5 airlines flying from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles
The chart below displays the airlines Cheapflights users traveling from Cedar Rapids Municipal to Los Angeles choose most often. Cheapest and average prices are based on aggregated data from the past 12 months.
Frontier $103 $237 No cancel fee 62%
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Delta $250 $468 No cancel fee N/A
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text:
Q: php, undefined index in Validation form could someone please help me understand why I'm getting this notice. i tried following the tutorial here to create form validation but i'm getting
"Notice: Undefined index: last_name in ...\workspace\Registration\registerValidation.php on line 53"
    <?php

$errors = array();

if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST'){
    //validation

    $testlName = $_POST['last_name'];

    if(preg_match("([^A-Za-z0-9])", $testlName)){
        $errors['last_name'] = "Please enter a valid last name";
    }

//more validation code

}

function form_row_class($name){
        global $errors;
    return $errors[$name] ? "form_error_row" : "";
}

function error_for($name){
    global $errors;
    if($errors[$name]){  //this is line 53
        return "
".$errors[$name]. "
";
    }
}

?>
<form  name="form1" method="post" action="registerValidation.php" >

   <tr class="<?php echo form_row_class("last_name") ?>">
    Last Name

        <input name="last_name" id="last_name" type="text" size="15" maxlength="20" value="<?php if(isset($testlName)){echo htmlspecialchars($_POST['last_name']);}?>" />
        <?php if(isset($testlName)){echo error_for('last_name');}?>

<input type="submit" name="submit" value="register">

Any ideas why I'm getting that notice? I'm new to php so an explanation would be very well received, thanks!
~Myy

A: It should probably be:
if(isset($errors[$name])) {
Currently you are testing for $errors[$name] being equal to true, which produces a notice if the value isn't set.
Likely the tutorial developer didn't realise because many people turn notices off. Although common it's not recommended practice - you should regard notices as errors.

A: Try:
if(!isset($last_name)) { echo "$last_name = ""; }

or;
if(empty($last_name)) { echo "$last_name = ""; }
Now is defined.


text:
Murder by Malware: Can a Computer Virus Kill?
By Darlene Storm
Can malware kill? It can cause massive damages that on a dramatic day might lead you to say something like, "This %*^@# is killing me!" Computer viruses can also induce those feelings, because you might be "free" 24/7 family tech support, and must deal with family members who refuse to take care of their computers and keep infecting their systems until it needs to be reformatted. Some people may feel like they want to die when malicious software manages to infect online banks and empty out accounts.
So malware, viruses, trojans, and such, may cause you pain and suffering; but now I'm wondering how many times malware has actually killed people?
We've seen ploys for media hype such as when Dr. Mark Gasson of Reading University injected a virus-infected RFID chip in his hand, becoming the "first human infected with a computer virus." Unless he was part cyborg, the computer virus in his system couldn't possibly be fatal. Security experts like Sophos' Graham Cluley were anything but impressed.
Yet perhaps computer viruses have proven to be deadly in the past? What if the virus or worm or trojan resulted in computer errors and those infected systems malfunctioned and caused deaths?
It gave me chills when the Spanish newspaper El Pais reported that computer viruses may have contributed to the Spanair plane crash which killed 154 people in Madrid two years ago. The 12,000 page accident summary report explains that the Spanair central computer was trojan-infected and therefore failed to trigger an alarm which would have grounded the plane.
Then F-Secure's Mikko Hypponen posted about real-world infrastructure that has been affected by computer problems. The 2003 computer worm Slammer slowed the entire Internet, crashed automatic teller machines and emergency phone systems, slowed air traffic control systems, and took down computer monitoring of a nuclear power plant. He emphasized that malware induced problems in real-life systems were byproducts of worms.
Hypponen also mentioned the worms Blaster and Welchi which messed up banking systems, and some airline systems were fouled up enough to cancel flights. It also attacked automatic teller machines, the U.S. State Department's Visa system, as well as CSX train signaling systems which halted some commuter trains.
These were a royal pain in the rear, inconvenient and costly, but not deadly. It's not like the virus infection caused a life or death situation. But then I saw security expert Kane Lightowler tweet, "@mikkohypponen I have personally seen Windows based life support machines infected with Slammer/Blaster."
Uh-oh. That sounds fairly creepy and potentially life threatening. But has malware indirectly killed people, other than the probable connection to the Spanair plane crash?
Just this month, the Federal Aviation Administration announced that computer systems are still vulnerable to cyber attacks, meaning the FAA cannot effectively monitor air traffic control. That's like a movie plot, taking over systems and crashing planes, but it could also be part of the push for the U.S. Government to play a bigger role in stopping a possible "cyberwar." Meanwhile the DHS is quietly sending teams to check U.S. power plant security systems since Stuxnet could steal industrial data from SCADA systems. Espionage and taking over nuclear power plants also sounds like something you might see in an action-adventure movie.
In the past, I certainly do not recall a computer virus being called a murder weapon in any deaths. Maybe it never happened, or maybe we missed it?
In 1988, the Morris Worm infected NASA Research Institute and wreaked havoc on the Internet, influencing DARPA to establish CERT/CC for "coordinating responses to network emergencies."
In 1998, Solar Sunrise Virus attacked the U.S. Defense Department computers that "triggered America's first full-blown infowar false alarm."
The 1999 Melissa Worm and the 2000 ILOVEYOU Virus may have caused heartache by a lover awaiting a reply email, but shutting down the Internet mail system does not constitute death by computer virus.
Conficker, Downup, infected the French Navy network, the British House of Commons, Manchester Police computer, and the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense. The latter affected the Royal Navy and hospitals in Sheffield. If it, or any other computer virus, even indirectly caused someone's death, I did not hear about it.
It's terrifying if malware did play a part in the Spanair plane crash and 154 deaths. Before that, the only computer related attacks which were deadly were traffic wrecks and destruction in movies like Live Free or Die Hard. So what do you think? Can malware be used indirectly as a murder weapon?
If you know of a computer virus, worm, trojan, malware, botnet, whatever you wish to label it, if you know of any computer infection at all that has indirectly caused the loss of human lives, please do let me know.
This story, "Murder by Malware: Can a Computer Virus Kill?" was originally published by Computerworld.


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During the time of uploading this adidas cloudfoam super racer running review, there have been more than 33 reviews on Amazon. Most of the reviews were very appreciate and we give rating 4.6 from 5 for this adidas neo men's cloudfoam super racer running shoe trace green/black/khaki 8 m us. It comfortable and better to purchase this sport shoe since get a chance to know how real buyers felt about purchasing this running shoes. Reviews by people who have used or previously picked this adidas cloudfoam super racer running are valuable tip to make selections.
This entry was posted in Running Shoes and tagged 8, adidas, cloudfoam, green/black/khaki, m, men's, neo, racer, running, running shoe, shoe, sport shoe, sport shoes, super, trace, us on March 17, 2019 by George P. Newman.


text:
Cellular Senescence Network: Technology Development and Application (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
Release Date: Friday, January 8, 2021
Expiration Date: Tuesday, March 9, 2021
FOA Number: RFA-RM-21-009
Contact: Daniel L. Miller
Cellular Senescence Network: Tissue Mapping Centers (U54 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to establish state-of-the-art Tissue Mapping Centers (TMCs) to work within the Cellular Senescence Network (SenNet). The goal of the SenNet consortium is to identify and functionally characterize the heterogeneity of senescent cells across multiple tissues in human health, disease, and lifespan at single-cell resolution. Through collaborative efforts, the consortium will generate a multimodal, multidimensional Atlas of senescent cells in various human tissues; develop innovative tools and technologies to identify and characterize senescent cells; and aggregate data across the Network into a searchable Atlas of Cellular Senescence, ensure the utility of the database, and promote collaboration through Network engagement with the research community. The TMCs solicited through this RFA will generate the high-resolution, high-content, multiscale biomarkers and maps of cellular senescence across the lifespan and physiological states necessary to generate the Senescence Atlas. The SenNet is focused on healthy human tissues, and work in diseased tissue or animal models is acceptable only as long as it is used to support this overall goal. TMCs will be expected to integrate and optimize all parts of the data generation pipeline, from tissue collection and preservation through analyses at organ, tissue and single cell level using omics, imaging and other approaches, to data integration, analysis and interpretation.
Next Generation Sequencing in Post Mortem Tissue from Patients with Parkinsons Disease (U01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
Release Date: Wednesday, January 6, 2021
Expiration Date: Tuesday, March 16, 2021
This FOA seeks applications to perform single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in post-mortem brain tissue from 100 patients with PD and normal controls for the Accelerating Medicine Partnership in Parkinson's Disease (AMP PD). Applicants will be expected to have access to high quality brain tissue and perform sequencing in four separate brain regions, including some regions known to be affected by Parkinson's Disease (PD) and at least one region known to be relatively spared. It is intended that all sequencing data and any available pre-mortem clinical data will be broadly shared with the research community through the AMP PD Knowledge Portal.
Music and Health: Understanding And Developing Music Medicine (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)
Release Date: Wednesday, December 23, 2020
Expiration Date: Monday, February 6, 2023
Contact: Robert Riddle
This FOA is intended to: (1) increase our understanding of how music affects the brain when it is used therapeutically and/or (2) use that knowledge to better develop evidence-based music interventions to enhance health or treat specific diseases and disorders. Proposed R01 projects can investigate how music is processed by or modifies the brain, or how it affects specific biological functions during childhood development and learning, adulthood, and aging. Projects can also include preliminary interventions that provide a basis for therapeutic interventions. When appropriate, collaborations among basic researchers, technology developers, music intervention experts, or other clinical researchers are highly encouraged.
Expiration Date: Friday, February 17, 2023
This FOA is intended to: (1) increase our understanding of how music affects the brain when it is used therapeutically and/or (2) use that knowledge to better develop evidence-based music interventions to enhance health or treat specific diseases and disorders.
New Chemistries for Un-drugged Targets through A Specialized Platform for Innovative Research Exploration (ASPIRE) Collaborative Research Program (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
Release Date: Sunday, December 20, 2020
Research Category: Heal
Expiration Date: Friday, July 9, 2021
FOA Number: RFA-TR-21-001
The purpose of the ASPIRE Collaborative Research Program is to facilitate translational and clinical research between NCATS intramural scientists and the extramural community to develop approaches that will enhance the ability to discover and develop new chemistries towards previously undrugged biological targets (i.e., biological targets with no known drugs to modulate their function) across many human diseases and conditions. NCATS intramural scientists have established an integrated NCATS ASPIRE platform consisting of physical and virtual modules for automated synthetic chemistry, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), engineering, informatics, and biological testing. The FOA will support intramural - extramural collaborations to develop additional physical modules that will enhance the platform's capabilities. The anticipated outcome includes identification, design, synthesis, and validation of new chemical entities as starting points for drug development of novel targets, and the expansion of chemical space available for drug screening.
Virtual Approaches Towards New Chemistries for Un-drugged Targets through A Specialized Platform for Innovative Research Exploration (ASPIRE) Collaborative Research Program (U18 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
Release Date: Thursday, December 10, 2020
The purpose of the ASPIRE Collaborative Research Program is to facilitate translational and clinical research between NCATS intramural scientists and the extramural community to develop approaches that will enhance our ability to discover and develop new chemistries designed towards previously undrugged biological targets (i.e., biological targets with no known drugs to modulate their function) across many human diseases and conditions. NCATS intramural scientists have established an integrated platform consisting of physical and virtual modules for automated synthetic chemistry, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), engineering, informatics, and biological testing. This FOA will support intramural - extramural collaborations to develop virtual modules that will enhance the platform's capabilities (see companion FOA RFA-TR-21-001 for physical modules). The anticipated outcome includes identification, design, synthesis, and validation of new chemical entities as starting points for drug development of novel targets, and the expansion of chemical space available for drug screening.
Small Vessel VCID Biomarker Validation Consortium Sites (U01)(Clinical Trials Not Allowed)
Expiration Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2021
Contact: Roderick Corriveau
T?o invite applications to an open competition to be one of up to 7 supported sites in the next phase of the NINDS small vessel vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) biomarkers consortium. The original consortium, established under RFA-NS-16-019 and RFA-NS-16-020, pursued initial stages of multi-site validation of 11 candidate imaging-based and fluid-based biomarkers. The primary objective of the next 5 years is to carry out comprehensive multi-site clinical validation of up to six of these 11 biomarkers to be selected by the NINDS in a process separate from this FOA. The focus will be validation in longitudinal studies of diverse all-comers populations that are typical in clinical settings in the United States. The network of sites will provide scientific expertise and experimental infrastructure to pursue these goals synergistically including with the Coordinating Center (RFA-NS-21-004). At the conclusion of clinical validation each biomarker will have a designated category and context of use as defined by the FDA and a finalized public protocol that describes all details needed to utilize the biomarker. The sites will drive the consortium scientifically and contribute administratively to comprehensive rigorous clinical validation of biomarkers for future clinical trials, including in large phase III trials, and for generating scientific breakthroughs in our understanding and treatment of VCID.
Small Vessel VCID Biomarkers Validation Consortium Coordinating Center (U24 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to have an open competition to support a Coordinating Center for the next phase of the NINDS small vessel vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) biomarkers consortium. The original consortium was established under RFA-NS-16-019 and RFA-NS-16-020. The goal of the next phase, under RFA-NS-20-004 (Coordinating Center) and RFA-NS-20-005 (sites), is to complete clinical validation of biomarkers initially developed during the first 5-year funding cycle of this program. The Coordinating Center will consist of: (i) an Administrative Core responsible for organizing, coordinating and administratively driving Consortium activities; and (ii) a Data Core that will coordinate, receive, collect, and share data, including de-identified clinical data. The Coordinating Center will drive the consortium administratively and contribute scientifically to validation of biomarkers with specified context of use for future clinical trials, including in large phase III trials, with general and diverse populations, and for generating scientific breakthroughs in our understanding and treatment of VCID.
Analytical Validation of a Candidate Biomarker for Neurological or Neuromuscular Disorders (U44 Clinical Trial Optional)


text:
Africa and the World
By Lawrence Freeman
Africa Development
Assault on Africa
International Criminal Court-ICC
China's Belt-Road & BRICS
Lake Chad-Transaqua
US & Africa
HomePosts tagged 'Agenda 2063'
UN Speech by Ivory Coast President: "Bolder Measures" Needed To Help African Economies Hit by COVID-19
September 28, 2020 Lawrence Africa, African Union, Agenda 2063, Alassane Ouattara, Bretton Woods, Cote d"Ivoire, COVID-19, debt, debt moratorium, Infrastructure, Ivory Coast, New Bretton Woods, poverty, United Nations (UN)
Other press by DR General debate of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly by videoconference: Statement by HE Mr. Alassane OUATTARA, Head of State of the Republic of Côte d`Ivoire, September 24, 2020
The remarks by President Quattara at the United nations echoed those of other leaders of developing nations. However, we must contemplate taking even bolder action. The present global financial-economic system needs to be restructured. The Bretton-Woods system as envisioned by President Franklin Roosevelt has been distorted beyond recognition. The amount of debt and derivatives on the books of the international banking system is suffocating real economic expansion. Yes, we must have a debt moratorium for the duration of the crisis, but we have to do more. We have to construct a New Bretton Woods that will deflate existing unpayable debt and establish standards for prioritizing the issuance of new credits explicitly for development; in particular infrastructure. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the fore, for all the world to see, the gross failure of the current globalized system. We, humanity, will only progress when we establish a higher platform of economy, one dedicated to the promotion of human life, not the balance sheets of debts. Read: New Economic Order Required to Combat COVID-19 in Africa
General debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly: Statement by His Excellency Mr. Alassane Ouattara, President of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
Excerpts below:
"Faced with the spread of COVID-19, developing countries, especially African countries, are more severely affected by the economic and social effects of the absence of global initiatives in favor of of their savings. In this context, in my capacity as Champion for the implementation of the African Union's Agenda 2063, I welcome the initiative of the G20 to grant a moratorium on the service of the bilateral public debt for the benefit of several African countries.
"I call on all the continent's partners to take bolder measures aimed at relieving our economies hard hit by the effects of COVID-19. Africa's financial needs are estimated at US $ 100 billion per year over three (3) years, or a total of US $ 300 billion. In addition, countries should have budgetary leeway to allow them to pursue the necessary social investments and take into account security needs, especially in countries facing terrorism.
"Finally, the world must hear the Africans' call for the cancellation of the public debt of their countries. My country supports the African Union's efforts to collectively renegotiate the continent's debt with the creditors, and to obtain an extension of the debt moratorium, mentioned above. But we must go further and act without further delay. African countries need lasting solutions, in particular liquidity and investments, in order to withstand the unprecedented shock suffered by our populations and to continue the development process of the continent.
Among these solutions, I recommend recourse to the Special Drawing Rights of the International Monetary Fund; a mechanism that has already proved effective during the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.
"The fight against COVID-19 must not overshadow other diseases such as Malaria and AIDS, which claim more victims in African countries. Above all, it must not destroy efforts to fight poverty. In this area, my country has launched vigorous reforms that have reduced poverty by 15.6 percentage points in eight years.
The regional study on poverty by the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and the World Bank confirms that Côte d'Ivoire has gone from a poverty rate of 55.01% in 2011. at 39.4% in 2018. It is therefore about 1.6 million Ivorians who were lifted out of poverty during this period.
"Likewise, still according to recent statistics from the World Bank, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of Côte d'Ivoire has more than doubled, from 1120 US dollars in 2011 to 2290 US dollars in 2019. , making Côte d'Ivoire the country with the highest per capita income in the West African sub-region."
Read: UN speech by Ivory Coast President Alassane Quattara
It Cannot Be Denied: China Helping Africa Realize Its Dream
November 28, 2019 Lawrence Africa, African Union, Agenda 2063, Belt and Road Initiative, China, development, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Infrastructure, jobs, Kenya, railways, roads, Sudan, underdevelopment Standard Gauge
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (L), Djiboutian President Ismail Omar Guelleh (C), and Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir (R) on Dec. 9, 2018, inaugurate a Chinese-contracted major road project as the Ethiopian government aspires to connect strategic towns in western Ethiopia. (Xinhua/Michael Tewelde)
China to help Africa realize "African dream" early: Chinese state councilor
Xinhua|-November 23, 2019
China is willing to make every effort to help Africa get out of the "underdevelopment trap" and realize the "African dream" at an early date, Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said here on Saturday.
Wang made the remarks while attending the Group of 20 (G20) Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Nagoya, Japan.
According to him, lack of fund is the biggest challenge to Africa's development, with an annual infrastructure investment gap of 100 billion U.S. dollars. China's infrastructure projects in Africa generate more than 50 billion U.S. dollars in revenue every year, he said.
For example, the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway has created nearly 50,000 local jobs, driving Kenya's economic growth by about 1.5 percent, Wang said, adding that China-Africa cooperation is part of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between friends and brothers.
China attaches great importance to the debt issue, actively helps African countries improve their debt management capacity and provides necessary support when they encounter difficulties, Wang said. The two sides have made positive progress in jointly building the Belt and Road with high quality, he added.
The Belt and Road Initiative is highly compatible with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the African Union's Agenda 2063 and development strategies of African countries, forming a strong synergy for promoting common development, Wang said.
In order to better help Africa achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to focus on solving the three major development bottlenecks, namely lagging infrastructure, lack of talent and capital shortage, while solving the three livelihood issues of employment, food and clothing and health, he added.
In this regard, China will adhere to the principle of upholding justice while pursuing shared interests and the principle of sincerity, practical results, affinity and good faith, and work tirelessly to help Africa develop, Wang said.
China has helped Africa build more than 10,000 km of roads, over 6,000 km of railways and a large number of libraries, schools, hospitals and other livelihood facilities throughout the continent, greatly promoting local development, Wang said.
Meanwhile, more than half of the eight action plans and supporting financing announced at the Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation last year have been implemented or seen concrete arrangements.
He called on developed countries to honor their commitments to Africa and provide tangible assistance in capital and technology among others. China is ready to work with all parties to give full play to respective advantages, jointly promote peace, stability and development in Africa and help African countries realize the "African dream" at an early date, he said.
Read: China Helps Africa To Realize African Dream
UN Sec-Gen Guterres: "The Winds of Hope Are Growing in Africa"
August 30, 2019 September 25, 2019 Lawrence (TICAD, Africa, African Union, Agenda 2063, Antonio Guterres, Belt and Road Initiative, China, development, geo-political, Infrastructure, Japan, Lake Chad, Lake Chad Basin, Nigeria, peace, Pope Paul VI, President Buhari, President Trump, Seventh Tokyo International Conference on African Development, UNGA, United Nations (UN)
The UN Secretary-General António Guterres addresses the 7th Tokyo International Conference on African Development in Yokohama, Japan, on 28 August 2019
Let us remember what Pope Paul VI wrote in his 1967 encyclical; "On the Development of Peoples": the new name for peace is development. UN Secretary-General António Guterres' support for development of Africa at the Tokyo International Conference on African Development- (TICAD) conference is salient. Japan's motivation to invest in Africa's infrastructure is not to counter China. And China is not attempting to build a new colonial empire in Africa. These false characterizations are expressions from the old geo-political financial system that is losing its control over global policy. Witness the the utter failure of the G-7 Summit of so the called advanced sector nations. The Western banking system is about to collapse again as a result of the central banks pumping in into the financial system $17 trillion of "quantitative easing" over the last ten years. The US should stop attacking China's new paradigm of development typified by its Belt and Road Initiative-(BRI), and President Trump should end his stupid, counter productive tariffs. The world needs leadership to lift the planet onto a new scientifically driven economic platform that will not only end poverty and hunger in the developing sector, but also raise the standard of living of all nations.
In this spirit, one concrete initiative that should be taken up at the upcoming United Nations General Assembly-(UNGA )is; funding for recharging the shrinking Lake Chad. The Transaqua inter-basin water transfer project has the support of the nations of the Lake Chad Basin and UN Sec Gen Guterres. This project, which has been called, "A Kwame Nkrumah Pan- African Infrastructure Project," would transform the Lake Chad Basin. With the head of the Nigerian Mission to UN, Ambassador Tijjan Muhamed-Bande, presiding over this year's UNGA, and Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari an ardent supporter of recharging the lake, we are at a propitious moment for the UN take bold action for the Lake Chad Basin.
"African nations have made 'significant progress' in developmental efforts in the last few years, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said on Wednesday, kicking off the Seventh Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), taking place in Yokohama.
"I see Africa as a dynamic continent of opportunity where winds of hope are blowing ever stronger," Mr. Guterres expressed
"Africa needs peace for its development" the Secretary-General said in closing.
"I look forward to productive discussions over the next days that will culminate in a common understanding of the priorities for common and coherent action to promote peace and sustainable development across Africa."
Read: For Africa the Winds of Hope are Growint Stronger
Read: United Nations Conference: The Lake Chad Basin Should not be 'Managed'; it Should be 'Transformed.'
Africa's East-West Railroad is 50 years Over Due
December 20, 2018 Lawrence Africa, African Union, Agenda 2063, agriculture, Bamako, Belt and Road Initiative, Dakar, East-West Railroad, electrical power, Infrastructure, Mali, manufacturing, North-South railroad, Port Sudan, poverty, President Trump, Railroads, Russia, Senegal, Sudan, Trans-African Highways, US-African
An East-West railroad, along with Trans-African highways, and electrical power, is essential for African nations to become sovereign independent nations. It is coherent with the African Union's "Agenda 2063." Sudan is geographically situated to become the nexus of the East-West and North South rail lines. Africa's collaboration in recent years with China's Belt and Road Initiative, Russia, and other nations to build vitally necessary infrastructure is the only way to eliminate poverty, hunger, and disease. It will also lead to finally putting African nations on the path to building robust agricultural and manufacturing sectors. This policy stands in stark contrast to President Trump's "non-Africa Strategy," which will do nothing to help Africa, nor improve US Security.
Russia Wants To Help Build an African Cross-Continental Rail Line
The Russia-Sudan Inter-governmental Commission announced in a report that Russia wants to participate in the construction of a cross-continental rail line, which will connect East and West Africa. TASS reported that the commission document states: "The Sudanese side expressed interest in participation of the Russian companies in constructing of the Trans-African railway from Dakar-Port Sudan-Cape Town. The Russian side confirmed readiness to work out the opportunity for participation but asked for [the] provision of all the financial and legal characteristics of this project."
TASS explained that "the Trans-African railway line is part of the African Union's plans to connect the port of Dakar in West Africa to the port of Djibouti in East Africa. It will run through 10 different countries (many of them landlocked) and is expected to boost trade on the continent. The route will be the expansion of the existing Trans-African Highway 5 (TAH5). The first phase of the project will be an estimated $2.2 billion upgrade to 1,228 kilometers of existing rail between Dakar, the capital of Senegal, and Bamako, the capital of neighboring Mali.
The project has already attracted Chinese investment in African infrastructure through Beijing's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)."
Transaqua Begins: A Wonderful Step Forward for Africa!
October 16, 2018 October 18, 2018 Lawrence Africa, African Union, Agenda 2063, agriculture, industrialization, Lake Chad, Lake Chad Basin, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Transaqua
Today a huge step forward was taken for the Africa continent with the initial funding for a feasibility study of the Transaqua water project. Transaqua, a transformative inter-basin water transfer project to re-charge the shrinking Lake Chad, was first proposed over thirty years ago, to create a super-economic development zone between the nations of the Lake Chad Basin and Great Lakes Region. Expanding this lake is crucial for the Sahel and will help to turn back the desert. The success of Transaqua, a Pan African infrastructure project, will be bring peace stability to Nigeria, and to the other member states of the Lake Chad Basin, and as well create new levels of economic wealth. It will contribute to the industrialization of Africa, and should become part of the African Union's "Agenda 2063." I am proud that I have been advocating this project around the world, especially in Africa and in the United States.
All Africans, and friends of Africa should rejoice at this small, but potentially giant step forward for the people of Africa.
Today, October 16, 2018- A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) for the initial funding of the feasibility study for the Transaqua project was signed in Rome by the Italian government and the Lake Chad Basin Commission. Francesco La Camera, director general of the Italian Environment ministry, and Mamman Nuhu, Executive Secretary of the Lake Chad Basin Commission, signed today a document that certifies an Italian government grant of 1.5 million Euros to finance the feasibility study for the project refill Lake Chad and build a water, transport, electricity and agro-industrial infrastructure in central Africa, developed by the Italian firm Bonifica more than 35 years ago.
The formal signature is following the decision announced last February 29 at the International Lake Chad Conference in Abuja, Nigeria. There will be further bureaucratic steps before the grant can be delivered and the feasibility study can start.
"It is a historic step", said Bonifica CEO Romina Boldrini. "Italy is giving money for Transaqua. Everybody is expecting Bonifica to start the feasibility study now".
Marcello Vichi, the head of the Bonifica team that drafted the original Transaqua study in the seventies, said he is "very satisfied" with the agreement. "Finally, after so many years, Africans and Europeans understood the importance of the project. Now we have to make up that lost time".
Read: Save Lake Chad With Transaqua: Presidents Roosevelt and Nkrumah Would Concur
Final Call: IMF and World Bank real culprits in Africa's debt crisis
October 9, 2018 October 9, 2018 Lawrence Africa, Africa Debt, Agenda 2063, Belt and Road Initiative, China, debt trap, debt-book diplomacy, Final Call, FOCAC, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, Infrastructure, International Monetary Fund, Kenya, Paul Kegame, Rwanda, Tanzania, World Bank, Xi Jinping
This article debunks the myth of China colonizing Africa through a "debt trap" policy. It also has quotes from me on this subject. You can read more comments from me with this link to my post: A Brief Response: Marshall Plan for Africa or "Debt Trap?"
FINAL CALL: IMF-and-World-Bank-real-culprits-in-Africa-debt-crisis.
BY JEHRON MUHAMMAD | SEP 12, 2018
Many Western press outlets, including CNN, have repeated a recent claim presented to the U.S. State Department that the "Chinese government is leveraging billions of dollars in debt to gain political leverage with developing countries."
The phrase they use to accuse China is "debt book diplomacy," a play on the past usage of the term "gunboat diplomacy" about U.S. policy. They accuse China of miring Africa in debt and "undercutting their sovereignty."
Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) meets with African Union Chair Paul Kagame who is President of Rwanda at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 4, 2018. (Xinhua/Ju Peng)
Not to be outdone, ABC News chimed in: "China's commercial presence in Africa has prompted complaints in some countries that the continent gets too little from the relationship. Africa is a major target of Beijing's 'Belt and Road' initiative to build ports, highways and other trade-related infrastructure, but some critics in Tanzania, Kenya and other countries say they leave hosts with too much debt."Pushing back, China claims to be helping African development, not piling up debt, one top China government official said.
"If we take a closer look at these African countries that are heavily in debt, China is not their main creditor," its special envoy for Africa Xu Jinghy said, during a news conference. "It's senseless and baseless to shift the blame onto China for debt problems."
Claims that China is an "economic predator" in Africa, pillaging natural resources and dragging it into debt crisis are "as false as they are sensational," the Xinhua official Chinese news agency said in a commentary.
According to African economic and political analyst Lawrence Freeman, "It is more than ironic that the West is complaining about Africa's debt to China. Since the 1960s, Western nations, the IMF, World Bank, Paris Club, etc., have 'looted' Africa of hundreds of billions of dollars in bloated debt payments and through the manipulation of currencies, and terms of trade."
Of note is the fact that the anti- China accusation is fairly recent. An April 18 Financial Times article, headlined "African nations slipping into new debt crises," did not mention China one time as the source of the continent's debt crisis.
In fact the FT's piece is critical of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. "The increase in debt should have raised all sorts of flags and triggered triage, but it didn't. Neither the International Monetary Fund nor the World Bank sounded the alarm," the London-based financial paper reported.
In addition, the FT claimed some African countries were hit because "they borrowed in foreign currencies and were finding debt hard to finance after a significant depreciation."
In 2017 Quartz Africa reported, again not mentioning China, that "African eurobond debt is growing to risky levels." A eurobond, also referred to as sovereign bond, is a debt security issued by a national government and is denominated in a foreign currency, usually dollars, rather than the euro that its name implies.
This debt crises have been cyclical. Africa's debt of the 1980s mushroomed to $270 billion and had many factors, according to Quartz, "depending on which side of the fence you're on."
Those events came full circle. Even though Quartz recognized the repeating "hallmarks" of unchecked corruption, poor governance, and political mileage investment, the "single catalytic factor to trigger debt unsustainability in Africa has always been the crash of commodity prices on the global market."
The news service Reuters reported in May of 2017 that "most sub-Saharan African countries still rely on U.S. dollar-denominated debt to finance their economies. Some investors say this is sowing the seeds of future debt crises if local currencies devalue and make dollar debt repayments more expensive."
The United Nations trade body UNCTAD estimates that Africa's external debt rapidly grew to $443 billion by 2013 through bilateral borrowing, syndicated loans and bonds. But since then sharp currency devaluations across the continent have pushed up the cost of servicing this debt pile, which continues to grow, the agency said.
It's no wonder over 50 African heads of state attended the Sept. 3-4 Forum on China-African Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing. During the forum China president Xi Jinping announced a hefty $60 billion package to compliment another $60 billion pledged at the 2015 summit.
This breaks down, according to press reports, to $15 billion in grants and interest free loans, $20 billion in credit lines, a $10 billion fund for development financing, $5 billion to finance imports from Africa and waving the debt of the poorest African nations diplomatically linked to China.
On top of President Jinping letting the numbers speak for themselves he had words for China's detractors: "Only the people of China and Africa have the right to comment on whether China-Africa cooperation is doing well … . No one should deny the significant achievement of China-Africa cooperation based on their assumptions and speculations."
The African Union chairman, Rwandan President Paul Kagame, has been heard to call Chinese aid and investment strategy in Africa "deeply transformational" and respectful of the continent's global position.
He said FOCAC had grown into a powerful engine "of cooperation fully aligned with Africa's Agenda 2063 and sustainable development goals."
"Our growing ties with China do not come at anyone's expense. The gains are enjoyed by all who do business with us. Building the capacity of African institutions to transact and monitor more effectively is what will make the biggest difference," he said.
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FOCAC Summit: President Xi "China and Africa will walk together towards prosperity."
September 4, 2018 September 5, 2018 Lawrence Africa, Africa-China, African Union, Agenda 2063, agriculture, Belt and Road Initiative, China, colonialism, Cyril Ramaphosa, development, energy, Faki Mahamat, FOCAC, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, industrialization, Infrastructure, manufacturing, new international order, Paul Kegame, Railroads, slavery, South Africa, Xi Jinping
{I have been telling my friends for years that China-Africa cooperation will change the African continent. With investments in vital categories of infrastructure, African nations can industrialize and develop advanced agro-manufacturing sectors. Economic sovereignty is now possible for African nations after 500 years of slavery and colonialism.
This recent FOCAC summit has placed Africa-China relations on center stage in front of the whole world. As Faki Mahamat, Chair of the African Union Commission said at the conference; China-Africa cooperation is a solid foundation for a new international order.(Watch the video of his remarks below)
I will be writing more on the significance of the new era of China-Africa cooperation, but for now, we can and should rejoice. The world has changed for the better, even though there are dangerous pitfalls ahead. }
China To Invest $60 Billion in Africa over the Next Three Years; Xi Says: 'Explore a New Path of International Relations'
Chinese President Xi Jinping in his keynote of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), announced that China would be investing $60 billion in Africa over the next three years, which would include $15 billion of interest-free and concessional loans, $20 billion of credit lines, a $10 billion special fund for development financing, a $5 billion special fund for financing imports from Africa, and encouraging investment by Chinese companies to the tune of $10 billion in Africa.
In his speech, President Xi said that China-Africa cooperation was based on the following principles; The Five "No's":
No interference in African countries and pursuit of development paths that fit their national conditions;
No interference in African countries' internal affairs;
No imposition of China's will on African countries;
No attachment of political strings to assistance to Africa;
No seeking of selfish political gains in investment and financing cooperation with Africa.
"We welcome Africa to the fast train of Chinese development," Xi said. Central to the cooperation has been the Belt and Road Initiative, which in Africa is in synergy with the African Union's "Agenda 2063," which marks the centennial of the official end of colonialism in Africa in 1963.
President Xi laid out the eight major initiatives that China would implement in collaboration with Africa in the coming three years:
1. In industrial promotion, China will set up a China-Africa trade expo in China in order to encourage Chinese investment in Africa.
2. It will also carry out 50 agricultural assistance programs, provide $147 million in food aid to African countries affected by natural disasters and send 500 agricultural experts to Africa.
3. With regard to infrastructure, China together with the African Union will formulate a China-Africa infrastructure cooperation program.
4. With regard to trade, China will increase its imports from Africa, in particular non-resources products.
5. On green development, China will undertake 50 projects focusing on climate change, ocean, desertification prevention and control, and wildlife protection.
6. On capacity building, China will set up 10 workshops in Africa to offer vocational training for young Africans. It will also train 1,000 high-caliber Africans for training in innovation sectors; provide Africa with 50,000 government scholarships; and sponsor seminar and workshop opportunities for 50,000 Africans and invite 2,000 African students to visit China for exchanges.
7. In health care, China will upgrade 50 medical and health aid programs for Africa. On people-to-people exchanges, China will set up an institute of African studies and enhance exchanges with Africa on civilization.
8. And on peace and security, China will set up a China-Africa peace and security fund and continue providing free military aid to the African Union and will support countries in the Sahel region, and those bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Guinea, in upholding security and combating terrorism in their regions.
African Union's Moussa Faki Mahamat, Addresses FOCAC Conference
Please review this excellent speech by Faki Mahamat, Chair of the African Union Commission, at the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. In his remarks the AU Chair called for "the urgent reform of the international financial institutions…That China-Africa cooperation is a solid foundation for a new international order…Our partnership [with China] can reshape the world's geo-political landscape"He went onto say that the AU welcomes the Belt and Road Initiative and its synergy with AU's "Agenda 2063."
Presidents Ramaphosa and Kegame: Africa Supports the Belt and Road Initiative
In his speech to the FOCAC Summit, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said, the Belt and Road Initiative was in the interests of the African nations. China-Africa cooperation, he said, was in the interests of the African nations. "In the values that it promotes, in the manner that it operates, and in the impact that it has on African countries. FOCAC refutes the view that a new colonialism is taking hold in Africa, as our detractors would have us believe...It is premised on the African Union's Agenda 2063, a vision that has been crafted in Africa, by Africans. It is a vision of an integrated, prosperous and peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in the international arena."
"Why do we support the Belt and Road Initiative?" Ramaphosa asked. "Because we are confident that this initiative, which effectively complements the work of FOCAC, will reduce the costs and increase the volume of trade between Africa and China. It will encourage the development of Africa's infrastructure, a critical requirement for meaningful regional and continental integration."
Ramaphosa was followed by Rwandan President Paul Kagame, the current rotating chairman of the African Union. "Africa wishes to be a full and integral part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The gains will be enjoyed by everyone." Kagame praised in particular the personal commitment of President Xi to this initiative. "He has visited every region of our continent, including my country Rwanda. China has proven to be a win-win partner and dear friend," Kagame said. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres gave support to the message expressed by the African leaders, who said that "it is vital that current and future development cooperation contributes to peace, security and to building a 'community of shared future for mankind,'" reiterating a concept that lies at the basis of President Xi's conception of a new form of international relations. Guterres also expressed support for the importance of the strengthening South-South cooperation.
Chinese President to BRICS: "The International Community has Reached a New Crossroads"
July 27, 2018 Lawrence Africa, Agenda 2063, Belt and Road Initiative, BRICS, BRICS Business Forum, China, development, Infrastructure, science and technology, South Africa, Xi Jinping
President Xi Jinping to BRICS Business Forum in South Africa:
"Keeping Abreast of the Trend of the Times to Achieve Common Development"
"Home to more developing countries than any other continent, Africa has more development potential than any other region in the world."
Excerpts follow:
We as BRICS leaders unanimously agreed to strengthen our strategic partnership, consolidate the cooperation architecture with its three main drivers, namely, economic cooperation, political and security cooperation, and people-to-people exchanges. We thus laid out a vision of BRICS+ cooperation and jointly ushered in the second Golden Decade of BRICS cooperation.
The BRICS mechanism owes its birth and growth to evolution of both the global economy and the international landscape. In its first decade, BRICS cooperation got off the ground and bore rich fruit. We five BRICS countries, guided by the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, have deepened our cooperation, enhanced our solidarity and mutual trust, improved the lives of our peoples, and made our bond of interests and friendship even closer. Indeed, our cooperation has contributed much to global economic recovery and growth.
We are witnessing major changes unfolding in our world, something unseen in a century. This is a world of both opportunities and challenges for us emerging markets and developing countries. We should pursue BRICS cooperation in the historical process of global transformation, and we should promote the development of our own countries in the historical course of promoting the common development of both BRICS countries and other countries in the world, thus making new advances in the next Golden Decade.
The next decade will see faster changes in the international landscape and the international alignment of forces. Emerging markets and developing countries already contribute 80 percent of global economic growth. Based on exchange rate calculation, these countries account for nearly 40 percent of the global economic output. Growing at their current rates, these countries will see their economic output approach half of the global total in a decade. The collective rise of emerging markets and developing countries is unstoppable, and it will make global development more balanced and global peace more firmly based.
The next decade will see a profound reshaping of the global governance system. The world is moving toward multi-polarity and greater economic globalization amid setbacks. Geopolitical hotspots keep emerging, and the dark shadow of terrorism and armed conflicts still haunts us. Unilateralism and protectionism are mounting, dealing a severe blow to multilateralism and the multilateral trading regime. The international community has reached a new crossroads; and we are facing a choice between cooperation and confrontation, between opening-up and a close-door policy, and between mutual benefit and a beggar-thy-neighbor approach. Thus, the evolution of global governance system will have a profound impact on the development of all countries, particularly emerging markets and developing countries, and indeed on the prosperity and stability of the whole world.
We should pursue innovation and seize development opportunities. Science and technology, as the primary production forces, have provided inexhaustible power driving progress of human civilization. Humanity had made giant leaps forward as it progressed from an agricultural civilization to an industrial civilization, a process which created both huge gains in social productivity and growing pains. The world today has once again reached a critical historic juncture. In the unfolding new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, new things will inevitably emerge and take the place of old ones. Indeed, this will be a difficult and painful process. But if countries succeed in seizing opportunities that have presented themselves, they will be able to achieve new dynamic growth and deliver better lives to their people.
We should pursue inclusive growth to deliver benefits to people of all countries. Uneven and insufficient development is a common challenge facing all countries. The North-South gap, namely, the gap between developed countries and emerging markets and developing countries, remains huge. And there are also development gaps of varying degrees within countries.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a comprehensive action plan for the international community. We BRICS countries should, basing ourselves on our actual national conditions, follow the guidance of the 2030 Agenda as we pursue our own development strategies. We should put people first, ensure coordinated economic and social development and protect the environment, thus giving our people a stronger sense of fulfillment and happiness. We should ensure harmony between man and nature and encourage the international community to fully implement the Paris Agreement. We should treat nature with awe and do more to foster an ecological system conducive to green development. It is necessary to promote international development cooperation, urge developed countries to fulfill their promises on official development assistance and increase support to developing countries.
Home to more developing countries than any other continent, Africa has more development potential than any other region in the world. We should strengthen cooperation with Africa, support its development and make BRICS-Africa cooperation a model for South-South cooperation. We should actively carry out cooperation with African countries in such areas as poverty reduction, food security, innovation, infrastructure development and industrialization in a way compatible with their national conditions. We should help African countries develop their economic structure, contribute to the implementation of Agenda 2063 of the African Union and thus enable Africa, an ancient continent, to gain strong vitality.
China and African countries are destined to be good friends, good brothers and good partners, and China-Africa cooperation stands as a fine example of South-South cooperation. This coming September will see a reunion of China and African countries at the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in Beijing. Themed on "China and Africa: Toward an Even Stronger Community with a Shared Future through Win-Win Cooperation," the Beijing Summit aims to enhance complementarity between China-Africa joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative, the 2030 Agenda and the 2063 Agenda on the one hand and the development strategies of African countries on the other. This will enable China and Africa to pursue high quality and high standard cooperation for mutual benefit and common development.
This year marks the centenary of the birth of Nelson Mandela. Let me quote one of his famous sayings, "After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb." Indeed, the history of BRICS cooperation is a journey of our five countries climbing great hills only to reach new heights. I am convinced that when our five countries forge ahead together, we will scale new peaks, reach new heights, and make even greater contribution to peace and development of mankind.
Read full text of Xl's Speech
Lawrence Freeman, Political-Economic Analyst for Africa…
is an outspoken opponent of the current policies of neo-colonialism. He is a highly respected researcher, writer, and speaker on a variety of topics concerning Africa. An outspoken critic of the ICC attacks on African countries, Freeman led a delegation of American State Legislators to Sudan, who subsequently exposed the charges that the Khartoum government was engaged in slavery as fraudulent. Insisting that Africa no longer be forced to live in a dark age, he has consistently brought African governments a roadmap for transformative infrastructure projects. As the author of dozens of articles and reports on Africa, having traveled to the continent 25 times, Freeman served as a member of AFRICOM's Advisory Committee under U.S. General Kip Ward. Most recently, he was appointed Vice Chairman of the Lake Chad Basin Scientific Committee and is currently working on a project to replenish the shrinking Lake Chad. Presently, he is teaching courses on the history of Africa, utilizing his decades of experience and knowledge.
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Africa Needs Nuclear Power to Propel Economic Development and Eliminate Poverty-Will Ghana Take the Lead?
Biden Administration Must Break from Past Practices, to Collaborate with China in Fostering Economic Development in Africa
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Former Italian Prime Minister Calls for International Support for Transaqua
Ethiopia's Conflict: A War Won to Preserve the Nation-State
Transaqua Garners Support From Former Italian Prime Minister, Romano Prodi.
Ethiopia's Addis Ababa to Djibouti Railway: A Model for the Role of Infrastructure in Fighting Hunger
Ouattara Elected President: Cote d'Ivoire Poised for Progress
World Food Program Awarded Nobel Peace Prize. WFP Dir, Beasley Responds With "Call to Action" to Stop Starvation
U.S. Supports Sovereignty of Ivory Coast in Upcoming Election
Will IMF Austerity Policies Lead to More Deaths in Africa? The Answer is Obvious
Are the British Fueling Violence in Ivory Coast Presidential Election?
Trump Administration Intervention Against Ethiopia Undermines Africa's Progress
Nigeria and Egypt Building Railroads: Great News For Africa
Water Transfer With Transaqua Will Bring Peace & Development to Lake Chad Basin
Africa Threatened With Starvation: No Objective Reason
South African Pres. Ramaphosa Calls For End to Poverty and a New Global Deal
Ivory Coast Increases Manufacturing Capacity to Advance Their Economy
Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed: "Africa's Peace and Prosperity Begin at Home"-More is Required
Africa Development News: Ivory Coast and Ghana Move Forward With Infrastructure
Trump's Aid Cut Harmful to Ethiopia and All of Africa
Mali's Future Depends on Development of the Sahel
The West Continues to Attack China to the Detriment of Africa
U.S. Special Forces Deploy Across the Continent of Africa
China Eliminated Poverty With Science and Infrastructure. It Can Be Done in Africa Too!
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