 What did Caswell's theories help predict?
Wilton Caswell, Ph.D., was head of my Sociology Department, and right then he was mad enough to chew nails. He bit off each word with great restraint: "Sociology is the study of social institutions, Mr. Halloway." I can say one thing for them—these scientists and professors always keep themselves well under control. He had a book in his hand and I was expecting him to throw it, but he spoke instead: "This department's analysis of institutional accretion, by the use of open system mathematics, has been recognized as an outstanding and valuable contribution to—" The words were impressive, whatever they meant, but this still didn't sound like anything that would pull in money. "Well, sociology has been valuable to business in initiating worker efficiency and group motivation studies, which they now use in management decisions. They consider its value debatable, if you know what I mean. If they got the idea that sociology professors are giving advice and guidance—No, we have to stick to brass tacks and leave Washington out of this. "Fundamental research doesn't show immediate effects, Mr. Halloway, but its value is recognized." "Institutions—organizations, that is—" his voice became more resonant; like most professors, when he had to explain something he instinctively slipped into his platform lecture mannerisms, and began to deliver an essay—"have certain tendencies built into the way they happen to have been organized, which cause them to expand or contract without reference to the needs they were founded to serve." "The reason can be traced to little quirks in the way they were organized, a matter of positive and negative power feedbacks. Such simple questions as, 'Is there a way a holder of authority in this organization can use the power available to him to increase his power?' provide the key. But it still could not be handled until the complex questions of interacting motives and long-range accumulations of minor effects could somehow be simplified and formulated. In working on the problem, I found that the mathematics of open system, as introduced to biology by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and George Kreezer, could be used as a base that would enable me to develop a specifically social mathematics, expressing the human factors of intermeshing authority and motives in simple formulas. "By these formulations, it is possible to determine automatically the amount of growth and period of life of any organization. "My equations are already being used in the study of limited-size Federal corporations.
 How to expand an organization and increase its power
 How to collect the most money for personal gain as fast as possible  How to fundraise the most money for an institution as fast as possible  How to expand an organization and increase its power  How to win an election while creating as few political promises as possible