 Why was the second round of tests more important to the test subjects?
The point of the second test was not to find the difference between cheap and expensive beers but instead to compare a variety of top-of-the-line beers. Since the tasting panel had left the first round grumbling that cheap lagers were not a fair test of their abilities, this second round of testing was advertised to the panel as a reward. One aspect of the reward was that they would presumably enjoy the actual testing more--fewer rueful beer descriptions along the lines of "urine" or "get it away!" were expected than in the first round. The other aspect of anticipated reward was the panelists' unspoken but obvious assumption that this time they would "do better" on the test. Here is what happened and what it meant: 1. Procedure. This was similar in most ways to the experimental approach of Round 1. The nine testers who showed up were a subset of the original 12. The missing three dropped out with excuses of "my wife is sick" (one person) and "meeting is running long" (two). As before, each tester found before him on a table 10 red plastic cups, labeled A through J. The A-to-J labeling scheme was the same for all testers.
 They wanted to prove themselves as being knowledgable about expensive beers
 They wanted to prove themselves as being knowledgable about expensive beers  They wanted to prove themselves as being knowledgable about wines  They wanted to prove themselves as being knowledgable about hard liquor  They wanted to prove themselves as being knowledgable about cheap beers