 What is the biggest effect when criminals are noted as having similar facial features to other wrongdoers?
A recent paper, published by Xiaolin Wu and Xi Zhang of Shanghai's Jiao Tong University, claims to be the first to use machine learning and neural networks to attempt a fully automated inference of criminality from facial images, removing prejudice from the equation and testing the validity of our gut feelings. Through a study of 1,856 images ("controlled for race, gender, age and facial expression") they claim to have established the validity of "automated, face-induced inference on criminality, despite the historical controversy surrounding this line of enquiry." In other words, they believe that they've found a relationship between looking like a criminal and actually being one.
 This perpetuates the belief in the area of study that should not be held up
 These sets of criminals are often shown to have similar socioeconomic backgrounds  This occurs when people are making judgements but not computers  This perpetuates the belief in the area of study that should not be held up  These coincidences are held under scrutiny and often disproved