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The cannon appeared in China during the 12th century, probably as a development of the fire-lance, a short ranged weapon combining a gunpowder-filled tube and a polearm of some kind. Co-viative projectiles such as iron scraps or porcelain shards were placed in fire lance barrels at some point, and eventually, the paper and bamboo materials of fire lance barrels were replaced by metal. The earliest known depiction of a cannon is a sculpture from the Dazu Rock Carvings in Sichuan, dated to 1128, that portrays a figure carrying a vase-shaped bombard, firing flames and a cannonball. The oldest surviving gun bearing a date of production is the Xanadu gun, dated to 1298. Other specimens have been dated to even earlier periods, such as the Heilongjiang hand cannon, to 1288, and the Wuwei Bronze Cannon, to 1227. However they contain no inscriptions. 
1128