ニューモシスチス肺炎が初めて確認されたのはいつ
"Pneumocystis" was redescribed as a human pathogen in 1942 by two Dutch investigators, van der Meer and Brug, who found it in three new cases: a 3-month-old infant with congenital heart disease and in two of 104 autopsy cases - a 4-month-old infant and a 21-year-old adult. There being only one described species in the genus, they considered the human parasite to be "P. carinii". Nine years later (1951), Dr. Josef Vanek at Charles University in Prague, Czechoslovakia, showed in a study of lung sections from 16 children that the organism labelled ""P. carinii"" was the causative agent of pneumonia in these children. The following year, Jírovec reported ""P. carinii"" as the cause of interstitial pneumonia in neonates. Following the realization that "Pneumocystis" from humans could not infect experimental animals such as rats, and that the rat form of "Pneumocystis" differed physiologically and had different antigenic properties, Frenkel was the first to recognize the human pathogen as a distinct species. He named it ""Pneumocystis jiroveci"" (corrected to "P. jirovecii" - see nomenclature above). Controversy existed over the relabeling of "P. carinii" in humans as "P. jirovecii", which is why both names still appear in publications. However, only the name "P. jirovecii" is used exclusively for the human pathogen, whereas the name "P. carinii" has had a broader application to many species. Frenkel and those before him believed that all "Pneumocystis" were protozoans, but soon afterwards evidence began accumulating that "Pneumocystis" was a fungal genus. Recent studies show it to be an unusual, in some ways a primitive genus of Ascomycota, related to a group of yeasts. Every tested primate, including humans, appears to have its own type of "Pneumocystis" that is incapable of cross-infecting other host species and has co-evolved with each species. Currently, only five species have been formally named: "P. jirovecii" from humans, "P. carinii" as originally named from rats, "P. murina" from mice, "P. wakefieldiae" also from rats, and "P. oryctolagi" from rabbits.
1951