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US-71623224-A
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Wrench
Patented Nov. 24, 19 25.
1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
' JACOB M. TWEIT, F HOLCOMBE, WISCONSIN.
WRENCH.
Application filed May 27, 1924. Serial No. 716,232.
a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled l in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.
This'invention relates to wrenches, and has for one of its objects theprovision of a device of this character which shall include a handlethrough the medium of which the jaws may be easily and quickly adjustedto fit bolt heads and nuts of different sizes, and through the medium ofwhich the jaws may be constantly urged in the direction of each otherduring the turning of a bolt or nut so as to prevent any casual movementbetween the wrench and the part being turned.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a wrench whereinthe jaws will be positively held against any relative axial or turningmovements.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of a wrenchwhich may be used to hold a bolt against movement during the applicationof a nut thereto or the removal of the nut therefrom.
With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in theconstruction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter fullydescribed and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing,wherein:
Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a wrench constructed inaccordance with my invention,
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on a plane extending centrally andlongitudinally through the wrench,
Fig. 3 is a detail sectional View taken on the plane indicated by theline 3-3 of Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the plane indicated by theline H of Fig. 1
Fig. 5 is a detail Sectional view taken on the plane indicated by theline 55 of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 6 is a detail view illustrating a slightly modified construction ofthe jaws of the wrench. I
The wrench comprises a bar. 1 which is preferably of ellipticalformation in crosssectionand which is provided at one end-- with aninner or relatively stationary jaw 2. The bar 1 is provided with a boreexv tendingthroughout the entire length there of and having a portion 3ofelliptical formation in cross-section and a portions of cylindricalformation. The outer end of the cylindrical portion 4 ofthebore of thebar 1 is counterbored to provide a socket 5 in which the inner end of ahollow handle 6 l is rotatably mounted. A nut 7 is secured within theinner end of" the handle 6 by a screw 8 which due to its locationwithinthe socket 5 is held against accidental dis placement. I
A shank 9 of elliptical formation in cross section is slidably mountedin the'bore of end with an outer or relatively movable jaw 10. The shank9 has a snug fit in the elliptical portion 3 of the bore of the bar 1 toprevent any relative lateral or rotary movements of the jaws 2 and 10.At its inner end, the shank 9 is provided with a "the bar 1, and it isprovided at its outer reduced threaded stem 11 which passes freelythrough a washer or abutment 12 secured by screws 13 within the socket 5inwardly of the inner end of the handle 6 and which passes through thenut 7 into the handle 6, the stem having screw-threaded engagement withthe nut.
the cylindrical portion 1 of the bore of the A spring 14;, V whichsurrounds the stem 11, is mounted in rod 1 between the washer 12 and awasher 15 positioned upon thestem in contact with the inner end of theshank 9, and serves in conjunction with the handle 6 to prevent the jaws2 and 10 from having any casual relative axial movements. To prevent thestem 11 from being disconnected from the handle 6 during the outwardadjustment of the jaw 10, the stem is provided with a cotter-pin 16, ata point outwardly beyond the nut 7.
Preferably, the jaw 10 is provided with a smooth active face 17 and thejaw 2 with a toothed active face 18, the toothed active face permittinga firm j grip to be secured upon a nut or head of a bolt. Both jaws 2and 10 are provided with flanges 19 which 9 are adapted to be insertedbeneath thehead of a round-headed bolt when it is desired to use thewrench tor-the purposeof holding the bolt against turning movement whileap plying a nut to or removing it from the bolt.
The flanges 19 are located at corresponding sides of the jaws 2 and 10,and they extend beyond the active faces of the jaws, and their innersides are inclined vastshown in nutengaging jaws 2 and 10. The pipeengagingjaws-ZF and 10 are provided'with toothed-arcuate active facesEZO'endMQl, re-
Speotively,
F rem the foregoing description, taken no connection with theaccompanying draws ing,.it will be seen that the jaws are adapted tobed-adjusted through a-turning movement of the, handle. 6, and thatowing thereto the jaws. may be readily adjusted and constantly urgedinthe directionof each other while I i the wrench-1s 1111138. The spring li'tunctions to prevent casual inward movement of the aw 10 andcasualrotationofthe handle 6. The flanges 19 onthe jaws 2 and a 10 adaptthewrenoh toruse as a bolt holder,
and when so used the flanges engage the inner side of the bolt head andthe jaws engagev thenlateral sides of thebolt head. Ifa-i'terbeingapplied to thehead of a bolt,
thewrenchis moved into contact with thev part adapted to prevent itsrotation, both hands otthe operator will be left free to apply aanut toor remove it *from the bolt.
It should be understood that the drawing is merely illustrative and doesnot pretend to give exact proportions. Furthermore, the said drawing isillustrative of a preferred construction, it being my expectation thatvariousehanges and modifications may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention.v
What is-claimed is A wrench comprising. a bar provided with a borehavingcircular and non-circular portions,-the outer end of the circularportion of thebore being enlarged to provide a socket, a shankofnon-circular formation in cross-section slidably mounted inthe bore andprovided fat its outer end with a jaw and at its inner end with areduced screwthreaded store, an abutment removably secured within thesocket, a spring located" within the bore between the shank andabutment, a hollow handle having ts nner end reinovably positioned inthe socket in contact with the abutment, anut threaded on the stem andlocated within the inner end of the handle, and a nut-receiving elementcarried by the handle and engaging the nut and located within thesocket.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature,
J AOOB M. TWEIT.
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2024-03-22
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1924-05-27
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1925-11-24"
}
|
US-16136517-A
|
Machine for removing the flax-seed from the flax.
EQVAN BRABANT.
MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX SEED FROM THE FLAX; APPLICATION FILED APR.11. 19H.
1,28%525, Patented Dec.10, 1918.
flu: lot-u arms 00.. rumumn. Iuulnmon. n a
EIDOUARD VAN BRABANT, 0F MAIDA VALE, LONDON, ENG-LAND.
MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX-SEED FROM THE FLAX.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Dec. 10, 1918.
Application filed April 11, 1917. Serial No. 161,365.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, EDoUARD VAN BRA- BANT, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, and resident of Maida Vale, in the county of London, Kingdom ofEngland, have invented a certain new and useful Machine for Removing theFlax-Seed from the Flax, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to an improved machine particularly adapted foruse in removing or extracting the seed from flax.
The invention has for its object to provide a machine of simple andinexpensive construction which is manually operated and whereby the seedcan be easily, quickly and efiectively separated from the fibers, stemsor stalks of the flax.
A suitable construction of the machine will now be described withreference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a frontelevation of the machine; and
Fig. 2 represents an end elevation of the same.
The machine illustrated comprises a wooden or other stand a upon whichis rotatably mounted in suitable bearings a shaft 1; having a hand wheelor fly wheel a secured to one of its ends and a roller or drum (Z fixedon its other end. Disposed above the roller or drum d is a second andfreely mounted roller or drum 6 carried on one end of a second shaft fwhich is mounted on the stand. The roller 6 may be loosely mounted onthe shaft 7 and the latter be fixed on the stand, or said shaft may berotatably mounted and the said roller be fixed thereon. One or both ofthe shafts may be vertically adjustable in relation to the stand.
To separate or extract the seed from the flax the latter is passed ordrawn through between the rollers or drums and the latter arrest thepassage of said seed and the husks and strip the same from the fibers,stems or stalks. The roller or drum (Z can be driven by turning the handwheel 0 while the lower ends of the stems or stalks of the flax areWorked between the two rollers 0r drums and pulled through them, thuscausing the roller 6 to also rotate, the weight of the wheel assistingthe action of the rollers or drums as the flax passes between them.
What I claim is A machine for separating seed from flax, comprising aframe, a manually operable plain roller projecting beyond the frame andsecured on a shaft, and a second loosely mounted plain roller mounted onthe frame and projecting beyond the latter and disposed over themanually operated roller, the outer ends of the rollers beingunsupported and entrance to the gap at the'free ends of the rollersbeing unobstructed so that the flax can be inserted and drawn throughthe rollers by hand, the seed and husks being arrested from passingbetween the rollers by the action of the latter and thereby strippedfrom the stalks.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.
' EDOUARD VAN! BRABANT.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for live cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of IPatents,
\ Washington, D. C.
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2024-03-22
|
1917-04-11
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-12-10"
}
|
US-37355629-A
|
Shield attachment for claw bars
July 21, 1931.
J. w. PETERSEN ET AL 1,815,114
SHIELD ATTACHMENT FOR CLAW BARS Filed June 25, 1929 In ventom A tiorneyPatented July 21, 1931 STATES JOHN w. PETERSEN ANDEMERYrBEVABD,rongnsannnvlnnn; IOWA.
SHIELD ATTACHMENT 130B. CL AVST BARS Application filed June 25,
This invention relates to claw bars and has more particular reference toa shield for a claw bar, said shield being especially designed so as toprotect the user of the claw 5 bar from the danger of being struck bythe flying head of a spike, since as is very often the case, whenpulling a spike from a tie or the like with a claw bar, the head of thespike will fly off and injure the person operating the claw bar.
Another very important object of the invention is to provide a shield ofthe above mentioned nature, which is very simple in construction, can beattached to any conven- 15 tional make of claw bar, will not interferein any way with the usual operation of the claw bar, is inexpensive, andis thoroughly reliable and practical in operation.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparentduring a study of the following description, taken in connection withthe accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a claw r bar showing a practicalapplication of the invention.
Figure 2 is a side view thereof.
Figure 3 is a front elevation thereof.
With reference more in detail to the drawings, it will be seen that 5designates generally a claw bar of conventional construction comprisingthe handle or shank 6, and claw head 7. As illustrated the shield ispreferably formed from a single piece of metal and consists of asubstantially rounded flat head portion 8, merging into a rearwardly andupwardly extending shank portion 9. The shank 9 is substantiallyU-shaped in formation being provided with the side web 10, said webtapering in width and merging into the head 8 of the shield. The head isfurther provided with a sight opening 11.
In practice, the shield is pivotally connected or attached to the shank6 of the claw bar at the juncture of the shank and claw head 7, the webs10 of the shank being disposed one to each side of the shank 6 of theclaw bar, and a through as illustrated at 12, providing a pivot pin forthe shield. Thus it will be single bolt passed there- 192a Seriahli'o.37,73,556.
seen that.in normah positions the head 8 of the shield is adapted torest on the claw of the bar, in such a manner as not to interfere withthe claw, the shield being at the same time permitted to raise upwardlyfromthe claw, so that the shank of a bolt may be gripped by the claw inthe usual manner,
in which case the shield will cover the head of the bolt. This being thecase, it will be seen that when a pull or pressure is exerted 0 upon theclaw bar for pulling a spike out of a rail ply or the like, should theend of the spike become broken off, the head will be prevented fromflying oif and injuring the one operating the bar, since it is ap parentthat the broken head of the spike will first strike against the shieldso that even if the force is enough to raise the shield, the same willonly be raised a suitable height, since it is apparent that the shank 9of the shield will strike against the shank of the claw bar, as forexample to a position shown in Figure 1. Thus, the force of the flyinghead will be arrested, since the same will merely strike the shield andthen fall harm lessly to one side. The plate 11 formed in the shieldwill of course permit the user to see the head of the spike and thus theshield will in no way interfere with the operator from gripping thespike in the usual" manner.
From the foregoing then, it will be seen that we have provided athoroughly practical and efficient shield for use with claw bars andwhich will be found to be thor' oughly practical and reliable in use andotherwise well adapted for the purpose designed.
Even though we have herein shown and described the preferred embodimentof the invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible tochanges fully comprehended by the spirit of the invention and the scopeof the appended claim.
What is claimed is: v a
A shield for claw bars, comprising a body formed from a single blank ofmaterial and including a relatively large head portion merging into arelatively narrow elongated shank portion extending upwardly andoutwardly from said head portion, said shank portion being substantiallyinverted U- shaped in cross section and adapted to receive between thesides thereof adjacent the free end of the shank, the handle portion ofa claw bar and a pivot bolt extending thru the sides of said shankportion and an adjacent portion of the claw bar for pivotally supportingsaid shield in operative position with respect to the claw of said clawbar, and the head portion of said shield remote from said shank providedwith a sight opening.
tures.
JOHN W. PETERSEN. EMERY BEVARD.
In testimony whereof we afiix our signa-
|
2024-03-22
|
1929-06-25
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
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"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1931-07-21"
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|
US-205091D-A
|
Improvement in lap-links
M. HOWARD. Lap-Link.
No. 205,091. Patented June 18, 18 78.
Attorneys N. PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRIPNER WASHINGTON. D. C,
UNITED STATES PATENT OE'EIoE. I
MATTHEW HOWARD, OF PARIS, KENTUCKY.
IMPROVEMENT IN LAP-LINKS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 205,091, dated June 18,1878; application filed May 15, 1878.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, MATTHEW HOWARD, of Paris, in the county of Bourbon,and in the State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Lap-Links; and do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,making a part of this specification.
The nature of my invention consists in the peculiar construction of anopen link, with spring secured thereto for closing the opening in thelink, the peculiarities of which will be hereinafter described.
To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to de scribe its construction and operation.
In the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, Figure1 is a section, and Fig. 2 an edge View, showing the spring.
In the figures, A represents the link of a chain, which has an openingcut in one side sufficient to receive anotherlink, or the article towhich it is to be connected. This opening is covered by a spring, B. Oneend of the spring is let just its depth into one end of the link, and isthere securely riveted. The other end of the spring lies under the otherend ofthe link, the link being slightly notched,
and the spring being sufficiently tapered, so that when it pressesagainst the link it will be flush, and a smooth surface will be formedon the inside of the link, and this at both ends of the spring.
The end of the link projecting over the loose end of the link is sobeveled from the end of the spring, as seen at an, outwardly andupwardly, that a space is left between them for the purpose of morereadily entering the ring to which it is to be connected. This link maybe used for the purpose of connecting broken chains, or for a snap-hookor other similar purposes.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is
The open link A, having its end beveled at w, in combination with aspring, a, one end of which is riveted in a recess in the inner side ofthe ring, and both ends of which are flush with the inner surface of thelink, as and for the purpose set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this11th day of
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1878-06-18"
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|
US-78523747-A
|
Heat control device
Sept. 12, 1950 c..c. PRINCE HEAT con'mor. DEVICE Filed Nov, 12, 1947 .Re6 00 8 1 i 3. r w. .p e HG. Z 4/ r w 2% a 2 C 6 8 1 02 2 3 d, a fi ZATTCJ R N EYS Patented Sept. 12, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE2,522,464 HEAT CONTROL DEVICE Charles 0. Prince, Raleigh, N. '0.Application November 12, 1947, Serial No. 785,237
My present invention relates to an improved thermostatic oil flowcontrol of the type especially adapted for use with space heaters and soar- 1 Claim. (Cl. 236-459) ranged as to automatically cut off the flowof oil 4 of the conventional oil flow valve reaches a predeterbyactuation when the room temperature mined point.
.A more even control of the burner operation and resultant maintenanceof room temperature will bring about a saving in oil and also a morecomfortable temperature in the air of the room.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one complete example ofthe physical embodiment of my invention according to the best mode Ihave thus far devised but it will be understood that various changes andalterations may be made in the exemplified structure within the scope ofthe appended claim.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a top plan view of the device of my invention as used inconnection with an oil flow valve assembly.
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of my device.
Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view.
Fig. 4 is a front elevational view.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view at line 5--5 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view at line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
Referring now to the drawings I have illustrated the present preferredembodiment of the structure of my invention as used with a conventionalvalve casing having a cover 2 and an oil tube fitting 4 and providedwith a valve stem actuator 6.
In my invention I employ an open bottom housing having a rear wall 8 andfront wall I0 formed with an aperture ll therein, and end walls [2 withcover l4.
A rearwardly extending flange I6 is normally secured by screws l8 to thevalve casing, and within the housing I utilize a transverse bar 20journaled in the walls of the housing and secured thereto rigidly is thethermostat arm 22 connected with the thermostat 24 of the bellows type.An actuator arm 26 abuts the thermostat and is positioned in the path ofits expansive movement at 28. A pivoted support bar 30 supports theactuator arm and its valve contact arm and is journaled at 32 in the endwalls of the housing.
A control bar 34 has a central U-crank 36 located under the thermostatarm 22 and the control bar is journaled at 38 in the end walls of thehousing. A cotter pin 48 secures the free end of the bar in position andthe other end has a control arm 42 formed with an inturned end 44movable under the indicia plate 46 on the exterior of one side wall ofthe housing. The inturned end 44 frictionally engages the side wall ofthe housing to retain the arm in the desired position after it has beenmoved to agree with the indicia plate 46. Thus if the control arm 42 isturned to move the thermostat closer to the arm 26 or further from thearm 26 the thermostat 24 will be caused to operate at a lower or highertemperature.
With the control bar set at the desired position to regulate the minimumtemperature to be maintained, the thermostat will expand under any risein temperature to rock the actuator arm and depress the valve contactarm to close the valve of the casing and shut off the supply of oil tothe burner. As the temperature declines and the thermostat contracts thecontact arm will raise allowing the oil to pass.
By this simple construction the desired constant temperature may bemaintained on any conventional type of space heater, and being simple inoperation and requiring no electrical connections may be installed andmaintained by the most inexperienced person.
Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:
In a control for use with an oil flow valve for space heaters having avalve stem actuator and said control having a box-like housing providedwith an open bottomadapted to receive the oil flow valve the improvementcomprising, a bar journalled in the housing transversely thereof, a heatresponsive element in the housing, an arm on one side of the elementrigid with the bar,
' an actuator arm within the housing abutting the element on theopposite side thereof, a pivoted support bar journalled transversely ofthe housing below but parallel to said first bar, and said support barbeing secured to and supporting said actuator arm, a control barjournalled transversely of the housing intermediate of and parallel withthe two first said bars, a central U-shaped crank in said control baradapted to abut the armon the element, a control arm on the outer end ofsaid control bar, adapted to coincide with indicia placed on the outsideof said housing,
I whereby when said control arm is adjusted in relation to said indiciathe crank in said control bar will engage the arm on said element toregulate the control of said oil flow valve.
CHARLES C. PRINCE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,712,841 Powers et al May 14,1929 1,720,522 Ludwick July 9, 1929 1,873,124 Hill Aug. 23, 19322,120,669 Hill June 14, 1938 2,406,088 Martin Aug. 20, 1946 2,440,942Gilbert May 4, 1948
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2024-03-22
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1947-11-12
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1950-09-12"
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|
US-1901060788-A
|
Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone.
' No. 702,523." Patented lune l7, I902. F; MARX.
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ABTIFIGIAL STONE.
(Application filed May 17, 1901.)
v zzvezizfon n: Noam: PETERS co momurna, \msummon n c tion in theaccompanying drawing'.
UNITED- STATES] PATENT GFFICE.
FRIEDRICH MARX, OF LEIPSIC, GERMANY.
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE.
SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent N 0. 702,573, dated June 17,1902.
Application filed May 17, 1901. Serial No. 60,788. (No model.)
T0 alt whom it may concern.-
Be 1t known that I, FRIEDRICH MARX, manufacturer, a subject of theKingof Saxony, and
a resident of No. 28 Berlinerstrasse, Lei psic, in the Kingdom of Saxonyand Empire of Germany, have-inventedce'rtain newand useful Improvementsin Apparatus for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, of whichthe'following is a specification.
This invention relates to an apparatus for .the manufacture ofartificial stone free from pores and unassailable by moisture or atmospheric influences and which'does not break or shrink and on account ofits dense and uniform consistency is particularly adapted for use forlithographic purposes, as it is'at least quite equal and 'incertainrespects superior to natural lithographic stones.
An apparatus for thejfmanufacture of artificial stone of thisdescription is shown in sec- The same consists, essentially, of a mixingdevice a in the form of a cylinder which can be closed hermetically.Above the cylinder is arranged a funnel I), under which is an opening 0in the cylinder for the introduction of the material. 7 Upon theopposite side to this opening 0 is another opening in the cylinder,leading to the union d, which can be closed by a stop-cock. Within thecylinder are the mixing-balls for mixing and further grinding of thealready-ground materiahjwhile above this union is a guardor sieve e' toprevent the falling out ofthe said balls duringthe discharge of theliquid mass. Above this mixing device is a vessel f, which is soconnected to the mixing-drum a as to be easilydetached and which servesto receive a lye of magn'esium chlorid for' the purpose of saturatingthe ground material in-the'mixing-d-rum."
This lye must beconducted from the vessel f to the mixing-drum a throughthe said connecting-tube g without air being carried with the liquid.
Beneath the mixing-drum Ct is a mold-box for the reception of'thematerial, and in conformity with the entire manufacture of the stone,which takesplace ifl'oacuo, the said material must reach the mold-box inmono. To efiect this, the said mold-box is arranged in a casing 72,which can be closed hermetically by means of a cover 2' and Which beingmounted on rails can easily be moved away in a lateral direction. Atelescopic and movable pipe is attached tothe cover t for the purposeofeffecting an air-tight connection betweeuthe mixing-drum a and thecasing 71,
thesaid'pipe lo 'being arranged'to'slide into the union d and attachedat that end. The
form'ot marble or, if the consistency and quality of thefi'nishedpr'oductare not of very great moment, in the form of limestone,with an addition of burnt magnesite in a. proportion corresponding tothe desired quality and hardness of the'stone; further, two parts offinely-pulverized burnt magnesite and two parts of puremagnesium-chlorid lye of 25 to 30 Baum. varied within certain limits.
This mixture can, however, be Commercial chlorid of magnesium cannot beused for this 1 process without further preparation, but itself or itsconcentrated solution must be sub- 'mitted to a purifying process.jplished by simply submitting the solution for ten to twelve days to theatmospheric air, whereby the'i'mpurities, particularly sodium This'isaccomchlorid, magnesium sulfate, ahdjother. salts, crystallizeout,jwhile clay and organicsubstances deposit on the bottom. Bythisoperation alladmixtures, amounting to about ten per cent. of the rawmaterial, are separated and the remaining solution of chlorid ofmagnesium can be considered as chemically pure. With the'aid of thematerial thus purified artificial stones can be produced which ofier aperfect resistance against the influence of air and do not undergo inthe course of time any change in their form. Moreover, such stones showsuch a uniformstructure that they can easily be polishedandused aslithographic stone, in 'whichcase theyhave many advantages over naturallithographic stones. If no great resistance toiweather and durability isrequired, unpurified or only slightly-purified materials can be used.
The manufacturing process is here as follows: The desired quantity ofafinely-ground mixture in suitable proportions of calcium carbonate andmagnesite is introduced. through the funnel b and the opening 0 into thedrum a, whereupon after hermetically closing the drum the connection ismade between the latter and the injector, so that on the operation ofthe latter a vacuum is produced in the drum corresponding to a column ofwater of about thirteen feet. Hereby the air is drawn out of the poresof the powdered mixture, and consequently on moistening the powder themoisture will force its way into the pores, thereby preventing theformation of empty spaces or fissures in the finished stone. The supplyof chlorid of magnesium solution acting as moistening means from thereceiverf is effected by connecting the latter with the drum through theconnecting-pipe Whereupon after opening the stop-cocks the solution willbe drawn into the drum, and after disconnecting the pipe 9 an intimatemixture of the contents is effected by revolving the drum. If required,the drum can be exhausted once more to remove any traces of air from themixture. The connection between the drum and the casing h is theneffected by attaching the connecting-pipe 7a to the union d, the saidcasing containing the mold I and being hermetically closed by the cover'1'. Upon effecting a connection by a branch pipe to the injector m avacuum is also produced in the casing corresponding to a column of waterof about twenty-three feet; but in any case it should exceed the vacuumin the drum. The descent of the contents of the drum into the mold-frameZ takes place automatically after opening the stop-cocks in the union dand the connecting-pipe 7c. The very fluid and uniform mass completelydeprived of air spreads out in the mold-box l, which after detaching therespective connecting means and opening the cover 1' can be lifted outand then left until the solidification of the mass takes place. As soonas a fresh mold-box has been placed into the casing and the latterhermetically closed and again connected with the drum a fresh stonecaube produced. The solidification of the mass, owing to the action of thechemical combination of the substances employed, takes place under thedevelopment of a considerable temperature of say, 212 to 270 Fahrenheit,thereby facilitating the drying of the mass. Lastly, a rising of themass cannot, however, take place, as no air is shut Having now describedand ascertained the nature of myinvention and the manner of carrying thesameinto effect, be it known that what I consider novel, and desire toprotect by Letters Patent, is-
In an improved apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone free ofpores, from a mixture of burnt magnesite, calcium carbonate and a lye ofmagnesium chlorid as moistening means, from which latter the impuritieshave been removed by submitting to atmospheric air, whereby the saidimpurities settle down and, in consequence of the extraction of thesalts, a consistent and unvariable product is obtained, especiallysuitable for lithogra jihic stones, the combination of ahermetically-closable drum ct, mounted rotatably, containingmixing-balls and provided with moistening means f and g, an opening 0 inthe drum, a funnel b thereabove for the charge of the drum, ahermetically-closable mold-casing h containing a mold-box l and aconnecting-piece between the mixing-drum a and the casing it, thisconnecting-piece being provided with a telescopically-extending pipe7t", adapted to slide into the union d of the mixing-drum in such mannerthat the said drum a and the casing h become hermetically connected,whereby after exhaustion of the air, for instance by means of aninjector or the like, no more air can again enter through theconnecting-piece 7.1 and the production of the stone is effected inuncuo, essentially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in presence of twowitnesses.
FRIEDRICH MARX. lVitnesses:
Monitrz HORN, FRANZ MULLER.
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2024-03-22
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1901-05-17
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-06-17"
}
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US-1913796834-A
|
Circuit-breaker.
H. S. BEAKES.
CIRCUIT BREAKER.
APPLICATION FILED OCT-23I 1913. 1,191,146. 1 Patented Jul ls, 1916.
2 SHEETS-SHEET I- Maynefizalle M y FIG. 2
I -Maynefjzafle [Z Z0 J) Z3 m v .1 J. z!
wrrnzss: A mvzm'on I M A5 11 ZN CZ'% W 5 vflag H. s. BEAKES.
CIRCUIT BREAKER.
APPLICATION FILED OCT-23. I913.
Patented July 18, 1916.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
FIG. 3
L Ma /zefiza He FIG. 4
Mayne/42a:
WITNESSES INVENTOR rum MRI/s I-Irnu 0a.. FMOMITNO, vunmarom 04 a UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.
HOWARD S. BEAKES, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIONSWITCH & SIGNAL COMPANY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OFPENNSYLVANIA.
CIRCUIT-BREAKER.
Application filed October 23, 1913.
To It whom it may concern.
Be it known that I, HOWARD S. BEAKES, a citizen of the United States,residing at NVilkinsbur-g, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCircuit-Breakers, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to circuit breakers of the overload type, andparticularly to breakers of this type which are operated to open acircuit by a prolonged current above a given value but which are notoperated to open the circuit by a momentary surge of current above thegiven value or by a current of brief duration above the given value.
One object of my invenion is the provision of a circuit breaker of thistype in which the operation by momentary surges of current or by currentof brief duration above the given value is prevented solely by'electricor electromagnetic means, thus avoiding the necessity for mechanical orpneumatic means for accomplishing this purpose.
I will describe several forms of circuit breakers embodying myinvention, and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view showing in sideelevation a circuit breaker of the magnet-and-armature type andincluding one form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 butshowing another form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges or by current of brief duration above thegiven value. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing amodification of the means shown therein for preventing opera tion bymomentary surges or by current of brief duration above the given value.Fig. 4: is a view showing a circuit breaker of the solenoid and plungertype including one form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges.
Similar reference'characters refer to similar parts in each of theseveral views.
Referring first to Fig. 1, the reference character 1 designates aU-shaped yoke of magnetizable material, usually soft iron, to the insidefaces of the legs of which are secured two magnet cores 2 and 3 respec-Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented July 18, 1916.
Serial No. 796,834.
tively, also of magnetizable material usually soft iron. An armature aof magnet izable material, usually soft iron, is pivoted to the yokeabout midway between the two legs as shown, and is adapted to movebetween pole-pieces 2 and 5 on the ends of the two magnet coresQ and 3.This armature is prevented from actual contact with either pole-piece byshort core pins 5 and 6 of non-magnetizable material to prevent stickingdue to residual magnetism. Pole-piece 3 is preferably shaped somewhat asshown, so that when the armature lies against this pole-piece the airgap between the two will have low reluctance. The armature is biased bysuitable means, as here shown by gravity, to the position shown in thedrawing, that is, to engagement with core pin 5 of core 3.
Core 2 is provided with a winding 7 which forms part of a direct currentcircuit which the circuit breaker controls. The parts of the device areso proportioned that when the current in the circuit exceeds a certaingiven 'value, magnet 2 will be sufficiently powerful to raise armature 4unless this armature is held down by a force other than gravity. Onefeature of my invention is the provision of means controlled by currentin the circuit for exerting such another force on the armature during amomentary surge of current above the given value, but not during aprolonged current in excess of the given value, so that the armature 4Lwill not be raised by magnet 2 during a momentary surge of current abovethe given value. This means I will now describe.
Magnet core 3 is provided with a winding 10 which is included in a localcircuit which is in inductive relation to the main or line circuit, sothat variations in value of the current in the main circuit will causecurrents in the circuit of winding 10. As here shown, this'inductiverelation is secured by placing a second winding 11 on core 2 andconnecting it in circuit with winding 10, the circuit between windings11 and 10 being completed by conductors 12 and 13. Since the linecircuit which feeds winding 7 carries direct current, it is obvious thatwhen the value of the current therein is constant, no current will beinduced in winding 11 and winding 10 will therefore not beenergized, somagnet 3 then exerts no force on armature 1-. But when the value of thecurrent in the line circuit varies, current will be induced in winding11 during the period of such variation, and magnet 23 will then beenergized and will exert force on armature 1.
The operation of the parts of the device thus far described is asfollows: As long as the current in the line circuit is equal to or belowthe given value, magnet 2 is not strong enough to raise armature itagainst the force of gravity. Assume now that a momentary surge ofcurrent above the given value occurs in the circuit controlled by thebreaker; during the time the current is increasing in value, current inone direction is induced in winding 11, and while the line current is decreasing in value current in the other direction is induced in winding11, hence during the entire surge magnet 3 is energized and prevents thearmature 1 from being raised by magnet A comparatively small current inwinding is suiiicient to prevent armature 1- being raised by magnet 2even when the winding 7 of this magnet carries a comparatively heavycurrent, because of the relatively small air gap between the armatureand polepiece 3, and the relatively large air gap between the armatureand pole piece 2. Assume now that the current in the circuit controlledby the breaker rises above the given value and remains substantiallyconstant at a value above the given value. While the current is rising,induced current will flo as before in magnet winding 10 and the armature1 will be held down, but as soon as the line circuit current becomesconstant the induced current ceases so that magnet 3 no longer exerts aforce on the armature, and magnet 2 then raises the armature againstpole-piece 2.
The armature t may be employed to control one or more contacts in anydesired manner. As here shown, a stationary carbon block 1 1 is mountedin a support 16 of insulating material fixed to the upper leg of theyoke 1, and another carbon block is carried by a spring 17 which ismounted in a block 18 of insulating material fixed to the lower leg ofthe yoke 1. The spring 17 tends to straighten itself out so that contact1l15 is open, but the spring may be held by suitable means in suchposition that this contact is closed. As here shown, this meanscomprises a latch 19 pivotally conn cted with the spring at point 21 andhav ing a shoulder 19 adapted to engage a. hook 2O fixed to the block18. This latch 19 may be kicked out of hooking engagement with hook by atoe at fixed to the armature 4, so that when the armature is raised itcauses contact 1115 to be opened. The spring 17 may be replaced to theclosed position by a handle Contact 1 l15 is included in the circuitcontrolled by the circuit breaker;
in Fig. 1 I have indicated diagrammatically a circuit which may betraced as follows from battery 39 through a switch 38, a motor 37, wire9, winding 7, wire 8, contact 1 115, spring 17, wire to battery it isunderstood that this circuit is purely illustrative, and that a circuitbreaker embodying my invention is not limited to use in a circuit ofthis type.
The circuit breaker shown in Fi 2 is substantially the same as thatshown in Fig. 1, except as 10 the windings of magnets :2 and 3.Referring to Fig. 2, the winding for magnet 3, which I have heredesignated 10.
is formed of wire whose resistance increases with increase oftemperature; for example, it may be of iron wire, the resistance ofwhich at red heat is approximately three times its resistance when cold.This \Yilld. ing is energized from the line circuit in any suitablemanner, for example, as here shown by connecting it in shunt to thewinding 7 for magnet 2. The branch including winding 10" is from wire 8through wire 21, winding 10, wire 27 to wire 5). Winding 10 will thenalways carry current when current is flowing in the line circuit. Theparts of the apparatus are so proportioned that when the current in theline is below the given value at which it is desired that the circuitbreaker should operate, the current flowing in winding 10 is of suchvalue that the temperature of the wire in this winding is comparativelylow. The resistance of this winding is then comparatively low and thiswinding then takes a certain portion of the total current flowing in theline circuit, so that armature 1- is held down with considerable forceby magnet The portion of the current which then flows in winding 7 isinsuiiicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1 against gravity andthe action of magnet 3. \Vhen, however, the current in the line circuitrises above the given value, and remains above this value for a definitelength of time. the temperature of the wire in winding 10 rises. Theresistance of winding 10 then increases so that winding 7 then carries alarger proportion of the total current than before, and the current inthis winding is then sullicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1against gravity and against the action of magnet 3, thereby openingcontact 1-115. llut during a momentary surge of the line current abovethe given value there is not suilicient time for an appreciable rise oftemperature of winding 10, and the increased current in winding 7 is notsuilicient to raise armature hence the circuit breaker will not be opres Then, obviously, it will remain closed for a shorter length of timeon a current higher than this certain value, and for a longer length oftime on a lower current. The core pin which separates armature 4 frompolepiece 3, and which is designated by 5 in Fig. 2, is here shown asbeing comparatively long, for the reason that winding 10 is energizedwhen the circuit breaker should kick off, and if the air gap permittedby this core pin were too short the armature would be held down by eventhe small current then flowing in winding 10 It is understood that thecircuit breaker shown in Fig. 2 may be included in a circuit which issimilar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1.
Referring now to Fig. 3, the circuit breaker here shown is similar tothat shown in Fig. 2, except that the lower magnet 3 is omitted, and acoil of iron wire 10 is connected in shunt to winding 7 by wires 24 and25. In this modification the armature 4 is held down by gravity only.The parts are so proportioned that when the current in the line circuitis below the given value at which it is desired that the circuit breakershould operate, the current then flowing in coil 10 is of such valuethat the temperature of the wire in this coil is comparatively low. Theresistance of this coil is then comparatively low, and it takes acertain proportion of the total current flowing in the line circuit; thebalance of the current, which flows in winding 7, is then insuflicientto raise armature 4. When, however, the line circuit current rises abovethe given value and remains above this value for a certain length oftime, the temperature and consequently the resistance of the coil 1Orise, so that the winding 7 then carries a larger proportion of thetotal current than before, and this current is sufficient to raisearmature 4. But during a momentary surge of the line current above thegiven value, there is not suflicient time for an appreciable rise oftemperature of coil 10*, so that the current in winding 7 is notsuliicient to raise arma ture 4 and the circuit breaker is therefore notoperated. As explained hereinbefore in connection with Fig. 1, the partsmay be so designed that the circuit breaker will remain closed for adefinite length of time when subjected to a current of a certain valueabove the given value. This circuit breaker may be included in a circuitwhich is similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
Referring now to Fig. 4, I have here shown a circuit breaker of thesolenoid and plunger type embodying my invention. This circuit breaker,in the form here shown, comprises a rectangular frame 26 of magnetizablematerial, preferably soft iron, provided with a cross-piece 27 ofsimilar ma terial. The upper part of the frame 26 is provided with athreaded hole 26 into which is screwed a core 28 of magnetizablematerial, also preferably soft iron, which core is held in place by anut 28. The core 28 is provided with a central longitudinal hole 31through which freely passes a stem 30 of non-magnetizable material suchas brass, the lower end of which screws into a plunger 29 ofmagnetizable material, usually soft iron. This plunger passes freelythrough a hole 27* in the cross-piece 27, so it will be seen that theplunger 29 and stem 30 are free to reciprocate in a vertical path, beingguided by the hole in the core 28 and the hole in crosspiece 27. Thedownward movement of the plunger is limited by a stop comprising a pinof non-magnetizable material screwed into the bottom of the frame 26 andlocked by a nut 32 the upward movement is, of course, limited by theengagement of the plunger with the core 28. The core is provided withcorepins 33 of non-magnetizable material to prevent actual contact ofthe core with the plunger. 7 is a solenoid winding which surrounds thecore 28 and a portion of the plunger 29, and which forms part of adirect current circuit controlled by the circuit breaker. The parts ofthe device are so proportioned that when the current in the circuitexceeds a given value, solenoid 7 is sufiiciently energized to raise theplunger 29 unless the plunger is held down by some force other thangravity. As here shown, the means for holding the plunger down duringmomentary surges of current above the given value is substantially thesame as the means shown in Fig. 1; that is, I provide a winding 10 inthe form of a solenoid surrounding the plunger 29, which winding is inseries with a winding 11 which latter is in inductive relation to theoperating winding 7. The operation of the parts of the breaker thus fardescribed is substantially the same as the operation of the form shownin Fig. 1. That is, during a momentary surge of current in the circuitcontrolled by the breaker, current is induced in winding 11, and thecurrent which consequently flows in solenoid 10 exerts sufiicientinfluence on the plunger 29 to prevent the latter being raised bysolenoid 7. \Vhen. however, the current in the circuit controlled by thebreaker remains substantially constant at a value higher than the givenvalue, no current flows in solenoid 10, so that solenoid 7 is theneffective to raise plunger 29. The plunger 29 may be employed to controlone or more con tacts in any desired manner. As here shown, a spring 17is mounted in a block 33 of insulating material secured to the frame 26,and this spring is included in the circuit controlled by the breaker inthe same man ner as in the preceding Views. In Fig. 4 the spring isprovided with a hook 34 which coacts with a latch 35 pivoted in theblock The upper end of stem 30 carries a head 36 of insulating material,which, when the plunger is raised, strikes the latch 35 and so releasesthe spring 17. The circuits {or the solenoid winding 7 and for the retarding winding 10 are the same as those shown in Fig. 1 andhereinbefore explained. This circuit breaker may be included in acircuit which is similar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1.
Circuit breakers embodying my inven tion are adapted for the protectionof any circuit wherein it is desired that the circuit should be openedwhen the current is pro longed above a given value for an appreciablelength of time, but wherein a mo mentary surge of current above thegiven value will cause no harm so that it is undesirable that thecircuit should be opened by such a surge. They are, for example,particularly well adapted for the protection of motor circuits. Thecurrent drawn by a motor while starting is considerably in excess ofthat which is drawn after the motor is in operation, but this excess ofcurrent is only a momentary surge and does no harm to the motor or otherparts of the circuit; it, however, the motor is stalled or operates tooslowly and the circuit is not opened. the prolonged excessive currentwill injure the motor or other parts of the circuit. lVhen a circuitbreaker embodying my invention is used to protect a circuit of thischaracter it is adjusted to operate on a prolonged current slightly inexcess of ti it drawn by the motor when operating on full load. Then ifthe motor is stalled or operates too slowly, the circuit breaker will beoperated by the prolonged excessive current, but the circuit breakerwill not be operated by the momentary surge of current while the motoris being started.
Circuit breakers embodying my invention are also well adapted for use incircuits for the propulsion current for electric railways, in which casethe circuit breaker is usually adjusted to operate when the currentexceeds a safe maximum value. There are times when this maximum value isexceeded for a short period of time, such, for example, as when a largenumber of cars or trains are started at once. and it this period of timeis not too long the excessive current will do no harm. Circuit breakersembodying my invention can be adjusted to remain closed during a shortperiod of such excessive current, but to open it the excessive currentis prolonged tor a suiiicient length of time to be harmful.
Although I have herein shown and described only a few forms of circuitbreakers embodying my invention, it is understood that various changesand modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appendedclaims without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprisinga winding e11- ergized from said circuit, a member adapted to be movedby said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, asecond winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the firstwinding, means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive tomtm'ientary surges of said current above the given value for energizingsaid second winding, and a contact controlled by said member forcontrolling said circuit.
In combination, a circuit carrying direct current; and a circuit breakercom prising a winding included in said circuit, a member adapted to bemoved by said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a givenvalue, a second winding adapted to prevent movement of said member bythe first winding, means for energizing said second winding inductivelyfrom said circuit whereby the second winding will be energized by amomentary surge of current above the given value in the circuit and willprevent movement ot the member by such.
surge, but whereby the second winding will not be energized by a.constant current in excess of said value and will therefore not preventmovement of the member by such constant current, and a contactcontrolled by said member for controlling said circuit.
3. A circuit breaker comprising a winding, a member adapted to beoperated by said winding when the current in the winding exceeds a givenvalue, a second winding tion to the first winding, and a contactcontrolled by said member.
l. A circuit breaker com 'irising an electromagnet having two windings,means for energizmg one o't said windlngs with di rect current, anarmature adapted to be on erated by said magnet when the current in thesaid energized winding exceeds a given value, a second electromagnetadapted to prevent operation of the aru'iature by the first-mentionedmagnet, the winding of the second magnet being connected with theremaining winding of the first magnet, and a contact controlled by saidarmature.
5. In combination, an. electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for and acontact controlled by said member for opening said circuit.
6. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for movingsaid member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge ofcurrent in said circuit above said given value but not responsive to acurrent of constant value regardless of such value for exerting a forceon said member in the opposite direction to prevent its movement, and acontact controlled by said member for opening said circuit.
7 In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprisinga Winding energized from said circuit, a member adapted to be moved bysaid Winding When the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, asecond Winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the firstWinding,
means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive to momentarysurges of said current for energizing said second Winding, and a contactcontrolled by said member for controlling said circuit.
8. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for movingsaid member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge ofcurrent in said circuit for exerting a force on said member in theopposite direction to prevent its movement, and a contact controlled bysaid member for opening said circuit.
In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
HOWARD S. BEAKES.
Witnesses:
A.- HERMAN VVEGNER, R. L. KISTLER.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,
Washington, D. G.
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2024-03-22
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1913-10-23
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1916-07-18"
}
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US-2281415-A
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Planting-pot.
G.B.souTHARD.
l PLANUNG PoT. vMPLICATlON FILED APR.2I| 1915.
Patented Oct. 3, 1916.
UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.
GEORGE B. SOUTHARD, OF REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA, .AS-SIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TONETTIE N. CHILDS AND ONE-FOURTH TO THERESA A. NYE, OF LOS ANGELES,
CALIFORNIA.
PLANTING-POT.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 3, 1916.
Application iled April 21, 1915. Serial No. 22,814.
- construction and the object of the invention is to provide areceptacle in which soil may be placed and seeds planted in said soiland' allowed to germinate and sprout, or'whereby cuttings may be placedtherein and allowed to sprout, after which the plant may be transplantedby placing the receptacle in the earth without removing the planttherefrom. c It has been the common practice to germinate seeds andstart cuttings by placing soil in earthenware pots, and the seeds orcuttings in the soil. tured suiiiciently it is removed by lifting itwith the soil from the pot. This causes a disturbance of the soil andthe roots, and
also frequently injures the latter. Pot constructions have been ymadewhich consist of a pot formed of flexible material, one wall thereofhaving' a slit whereby the wall may be opened and unrolled from theplant, thus only slightly disturbing the soil and decreasing anypossible injury to the root. rlhe soil in many cases is of such a naturethat it vwill not cling to the roots when removed from the pot, andfalls away, exposing the roots so that they are subject to injury andresulting in arresting the growth of the plant when it is transplantedfrom the pot to the soil. In many cases delicate plants are killedduring the transplanting. Growing plants throw out shoots which seeknourishment, and when a pot containing a plant is placed in the ground,the roots will tend to pass through the walls of the pot to the outsidesoil, while if the pot is not placed in the soil, the roots do not tendto pass through.
My invention relates to a pot which is constructed of a material such aspaper which will disintegrate, and which has formed in the walls thereofrecesses so that the roots of the plant when the pot is placed in theground will work through the walls of the pot with substantially noresistance, and will enter the surrounding soil, taking root When theplant has ma-v therein. The growth of the plant while in the pot is notretarded, the incisions or recesses providing means through which aircan enter, thereby aerating the soil and preventing vsumpy soil, whichoften results in s1ck plants. I attain these objects by the embodimentsof my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a development of the cylindrical wall of a pot havingrecesses therein. Fig.
, 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a plant 1n a pot, ready fortransplanting to the ground. Fig. i is an elevation of the pot and planttransplanted to the ground, with the roots extending through the walls.
I have shown a pot 7 of cylindrical form, although the shape of the potis not a feature of my invention. The cylindrical wall 8 is formed of amaterial such as paper which will eventually disintegrate when placed inthe ground.
Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2,
the cylindrical wall 8 has recesses 9 provided in its surface, therebyproviding a portion of the wall with relatively weak parts, throughwhich the plant roots will penetrate soon after the pot is placed in theground. When planted in the ground the thin weak portions of the wall atthe recesses 9 will disintegrate first and will before disintegrationoffer less resistance to the passage of roots than the thicker portionsof the wall. With such a pot construction the soil may be placed in thepot, the seed placed therein and allowed to germinate, or cuttings mayalso be placed in the pot and allowed to sprout, the roots confiningthemselves to the pot. After the plant has matured so that it may betransplanted to the soil, a hole 1l is dug and the pot with the planttransferred thereto. The soil is then packed around the pot. As theplant grows, the roots seek the nourishment of the soil outside of thepot, and work through the weakened portions of the wall, formed by therecesses, and extend outward. The pot eventually disintegrates and in noway interferes with the growth of the plant. It is obvious that thismethod of transplanting has the advantage of providing a relativelyrigid receptacle for containing the soil and roots during the earlygrowth of the plant, and that upon transplanting, there isno disturbaneeof the roots or soil and vno interproviding weakened portions which willference with or arrest of growth of the permit the penetration of rootsof plants l0 plant. placed therein before disintegration of the Vhnt Iclaim is: Walls.
5 A planting pot, comprising a pot formed In Witness that I claim theforegoing I with walls of material which Will disinhave hereuntosubscribedmy name this 26th tegrate on being transferred to the ground,day of March, 1915. and having recesses formed therein, thereby GEORGEB. SOUTHARD.
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2024-03-22
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1915-04-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1916-10-03"
}
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US-3510145D-A
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Golf club carrier
y 1970 H. P. YOKERS I 3,510,145
GOLF CLUB CARRIER Filed April 8. 1968 75? PM 1Q al/W211,
Qzfforrzz] United States Patent 3,510,145 GOLF CLUB CARRIER Henry P.Yokers, Menomonee Falls, Wis., assignor to Sit N Rest Golf, Inc.,Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Apr. 8, 1968, Ser. No.719,323 Int. Cl. A63b 55/08 US. Cl. 280-4719 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE A golf club carrier comprising a substantially rectangularframe member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon whichextend toward the rear of the carrier. A club receiving container ispermanently mounted on the frame and extends toward the rear thereof.The container is comprised of a, golf iron receiving compartment in therear portion thereof and a storage compartment (for jackets, shoes,balls, etc.) in the front portion thereof. The golf iron compartment isadapted to receive golf irons therein with the heads thereof supportedat the bottom of the compartment and with the shafts extending outwardlyfrom the open top of the compartment to permit easy removal andinsertion thereof. The frame member has an offset portion at the lowerend thereof which provides a space for mounting a plurality of golf woodsupporting pockets which are fastened to the bottom panel of the storagecompartment. The golf wood pockets extend downwardly and rearwardlyunder the container and are adapted to receive the heads of golf Woodswith the toes thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect tothe container. With the wood heads tucked under the container, theadjacent frame portions provide a protective bumper to prevent dentingand scratching of the wood club heads. The heads of the woods and ironsare positioned below the level of the center points of the wheels toprovide a low center of gravity for improved stability both when thecarrier is at rest as well as when it is being pulled along the groundin use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This inventionrelates to golf club carriers and more particularly to a golf clubcarrier wherein the containing and supporting means for the golf clubsis permanently mounted on the carrier.
Description of the prior art The most pertinent prior art known to theapplicant are US. Pat. 2,858,140 and 2,985,462. In the prior art patentsreferred to, the golf woods are mounted on the front portion of thecarrier just as in the present application. However, in the prior artthe wood clubs are supported in pockets fastened to the front portionsof the club container which pockets extend forwardly from the supportingframe and are adapted to receive the golf woods with the toes thereofextending forwardly of the frame thus placing them in a somewhatvulnerable position from the standpoint of possible damage. In thepresent invention, the frame member is specially designed to provide aprotected offset area in which .golf wood receiving pockets are mountedin a position whereby the golf wood heads are supported with the toesthereof pointed downwardly into the protected offset space provided bythe frame. As so positioned, the golf woods are not only betterprotected than in the prior art but in addition provide a compactprofile, a lower center of gravity and an improved arrangement forinsertion and removal thereof.
3,510,145 Patented May 5, 1970 r' Ice SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A golfclub carrier comprising a frame member of substantially rectangularconfiguration having an offset portion at the lower end thereof and apair of wheel assemblies mounted on the frame and positioned rearwardlythereof. A golf club container is permanently mounted on the frame andpositioned rearwardly thereof. The container has a compartment forreceiving golf irons and a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted on thelower front portion thereof which extend downwardly and rearwardly intothe space formed by the offset portion of the frame. The pockets areadapted to receive the heads of golf woods with the toes thereof pointeddownwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a golfclub carrier embodying my invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the carrier shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation view of the carrier with partsbroken away; and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 44 of FIG. 2.
Referring to the drawings, the carrier is comprised of a tubular framemember 10, a handle 12, a club container 14 and a pair of wheelassemblies 16, 16.
Frame member 10 is of substantially rectangular configuration and ispreferably of tubular steel construction. The configuration of the lowerportion of the frame 10 and its relationship to the construction ofcarrier 14- is of particular importance. As most clearly shown in FIGS.2 and 3, frame 10 is comprised of parallel side members 17, 17,rearwardly and downwardly angling offsetting portions 18, 18 andforwardly and downwardly angling wheel mounting portions 20, 20 whichare interconnected by a horizontally extending foot portion 22.
Wheel assemblies 16 are comprised of wheels 24 rotatably mounted onresilient struts 26 which, in turn, are mounted on portions 20, 20 offrame 10 by means of cylindrical housing members 28 adapted to rotatablyreceive the ends of struts 26. As shown in FIG. 2, frame portions 20 arebowed outwardly at their point of attachment to housing members 28. Thewheel assemblies described above are constructed to permit each wheel tobe folded from its operating position as shown in the drawings to afolded position for storage (as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1). Thedetails of construction and operation of such a folding wheelarrangement are disclosed in the previously identified US. Pat. No.2,785,462 and will thus not be described herein.
The carrier is provided with a handle 12 fastened to frame 10 forpulling the carrier over the ground on wheels 24. While handle 12 can beof any suitable design, one handle design which is specially adapted foruse on the carrier disclosed herein is shown and described in detail inUS. Pat. No. 3,142,087.
Club container 14 is preferably constructed of a durable and flexiblematerial such as vinyl plastic and is designed to provide a golf ironcompartment 30, a storage compartment 32 (for shoes, jackets, etc.) anda plurality of golf wood head compartments or pockets 34. The clubcontainer 14 is of bag-like configuration having a sub stantiallyrectangular cross section and an open top. The container is comprised offront panel 36, a rear panel 38 and a pair of side panels 40, 40. Thecontainer is positioned rearwardly of frame 10 between the frame andwheels 24 with the front panel 36 of the container lying in contact withparallel side members 17, 17 of the frame as clearly shown in FIGS. 1and 2. The container 14 is supported on the frame in any suitable mannersuch as by brackets 42, 42 (welded to the frame) and a horizontallyextending support rod 44 mounted on said brackets (FIG. 4).
Container 14 is provided with a centrally located partition 46 extendingbetween side panels 40, 40 which divide the container into the ironcompartment 30 and the storage compartment 32. The iron Compartment isprovided with a plurality of additional partitions 48 extending betweenrear panel 38 and main partition 46 as clearly shown in FIG. 4.Partitions 48 serve to divide the iron compartment into a plurality ofseparate smaller compartments each adapted to receive a single golf iron56 therein. The irons are supported in the iron compartment 30 by anysuitable means such as rods 50, 52 and 54 mounted between the lower endsof side panels 40 as clearly shown in FIG. 3. Also, as shown in FIG, 3,each iron 56 is positioned in compartment 30 with the head 58 of theclub pointed towards the front of the carrier, and with the bottom edgeof the iron head and the shaft 60 of the iron lying in contact with oneor more of the rods 50, 52, 54 and the rear panel 38, respectively. Thehandle portion 62 of each iron shaft protrudes upwardly out of the onetop of the container 14 (FIG. 1) to facilitate easy insertion andremoval thereof.
Storage compartment 32 is formed by front panel 36, main partition 46,the front portions of side panels 40 and a bottom panel 64. The top ofthe storage compartment is open. A zipper 66 is provided in front panel36 to facilitate access to the storage compartment. The bottom panel 64of the storage compartment is positioned at an angle with the horizontaland extends parallel to and adjacent with the lower edges of off-settingportions 18, 18 of frame as most clearly shown in FIG. 3. An additionalball storage pocket 68 is provided in compartment 32 as shown in FIG. 3.
The wood clubs 70 (or woods) are supported on the carrier by fourpockets 34 fastened to the bottom panel 64 of the storage compartment32. Pockets 34 angle downwardly and rearwardly into the space providedby the angled portions 18 and 20 of the frame. The pockets thuspositioned are adapted to receive the heads 72 of the woods with thetoes thereof pointed downwardly as clearly shown in FIG. 3. The shafts74 of woods 70 are securely and removably retained on the carrier by apair of flexible retaining member 76, 76 mounted on the upper portion ofthe frame by means of a pivotally mounted bracket member 78. A detaileddescription of the construction and operation of the shaft retainingmeans is found in US. Pat. 2,985,462 and thus will not be repeated here.As explained in detail in such patent, bracket 78 is adapted for pivotalmovement of the frame to facilitate access to storage compartment 32.
The above-described wood mounting arrangement provides several importantadvantages. With the wood heads tucked under the container 14, the frameportions 18 and 20 provide a protective bumper to prevent denting andscratching of the wood club heads, The heads of the woods (and theirons) are positioned below the level of the center points of wheels 24as represented by line 80. This arrangement provides a low center ofgravity for improved stability both when the carrier is at rest (as thedrawings) as well as when it is being pulled along the ground in use.Another feature which contributes to the carriers improved stability isthe relationship of wheels 24 to the frame 10 and container 14. Bymounting the wheels on the offset portions 20, 20 of the frame, thewheels can be positioned further to the rear of container 14 and themain side members 17, 17 of the frame without unduly lengthening thestruts 26. This improved relationship can be appreciated by noting thata vertical line 82 through the center of the wheels will pass to therear of all portions of the frame 10 as shown in FIG. 1. Anotheradvantage is that with the heads 72 of woods 70 tucked under thecontainer 14 the overall width of the carrier (with the wheels folded asdescribed in Pat. No. 2,-
4 985,462) will be only slightly greater than the width of container 14itself to thus provide a more compact profile for ease of storage.Furthermore, the golf woods can be inserted into and removed from thepockets 34 with greater case than was the case with previous designs.
What is claimed is:
1. A golf club carrier comprising:
a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration;
a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positionedrearwardly thereof;
a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf ironstherein; and
a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofsaid container, said wood pockets extending downwardly and rearwardlybeneath said container, said pockets adapted to receive the head of agolf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly and rearwardlywith respect to the container;
said frame member further characterized by having an offset portion atthe lower end thereof with said golf pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly into the space formed by said offset portion of said frame,said offset portion comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions.
2. A golf club carrier according to claim 1 in which said wheelassemblies are comprised of a strut member and a Wheel rotatably mountedthereon, said struts mounted on said forwardly and downwardly extendingportions of said frame.
3. A golf club carrier comprising:
a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having anoffset portion at the lower end thereof;
a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positionedrearwardly thereof;
a golf club carrier mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf irons inthe rear portion of the container, said container further characterizedby a storage compartment located in the front portion thereof, saidstorage compartment having a bottom panel positioned adjacent to andoverlapping the offset portion of the frame;
a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofthe storage compartment, said wood pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly beneath the bottom panel and offset portion of the frame ofsaid storage compartment, said pockets adapted to receive the head of agolf wood with the toe thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly withrespect to the golf club container.
4. A golf club carrier according to claim 3 in which said wheelassemblies are comprised of a strut member and a wheel rotatably mountedthereon, said struts mounted on said offset portion of said frame.
5. A golf club carrier comprising:
a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having anoffset portion at the lower end thereof;
a pair of Wheels mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereofso that when said carrier is in its at rest position said frame willangle upwardly and rearwardly with respect to the ground;
a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf ironstherein with the heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of saidcompartment; and
a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofsaid container, said wood pockets overlapping said offset portion ofsaid frame and extending downwardly and rearwardly into the space formedby the offset portion of said frame, said pockets adapted to receive thehead of a golf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly andrearwardly with respect to the container.
6. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which the heads of thegolf woods and irons are positioned below the level of the center pointsof the wheels when said carrier is in its at rest position.
7. A golf club container according to claim 6 in which the relationshipbetween said wheels and said frame is such that a vertical line throughthe center of said wheels will pass to the rear of all portions of saidframe when said carrier is in its at rest position.
8. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which golf clubcontainer includes a storage compartment in the front portion thereofhaving a bottom panel to which said wood pockets are fastened.
9. A golf club carrier according to claim 5 in which said offset portionof said frame is comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions connected by a horizontal portion which makescontact with the ground when said carrier is in its at rest position.
10. A golf club carrier according to claim 9 in which each of saidwheels are rotatably mounted on a strut memher, said strut membersmounted on said forwardly and downwardly extending portions of saidframe.
11. A golf club carrier comprising:
a frame member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon andpositioned rearwardly thereof;
a golf iron container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container adapted for receiving golf irons therein withthe heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of said container andwith the shafts of said irons extending upwardly out of said containerrearwardly of said frame member;
a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted underneath the lower frontportion of said container, said wood pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly to receive the heads of golf Woods with the toes thereofpointed rearwardly and beneath the heads of the irons in said golf ironcontainer and with the shafts of the woods extending upwardly adjacentsaid frame member forwardly thereof; and
a golf wood shaft retaining means mounted on the upper front portion ofsaid frame member for removably retaining the shafts of the golf woodswhen the heads thereof are positioned in said golf wood pockets.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,480,597 8/ 1949 Nelson.
2,551,009 5/1951 Kaltenbach. 2,754,130 7/1956 Procter.
2,858,140 10/1958 Stamp.
2,985,462 5/ 1961 Stamp.
LEO FRIAGLIA, Primary Examiner J. A. PEKAR, Assistant Examiner
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2024-03-22
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1968-04-08
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1970-05-05"
}
|
US-46051930-A
|
Tube cutting and flaring machine
March 1932. J. w RDO TUBE CUTTING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11,1930 rllll illlilllll- /NVENTO/?. /OHN W GORDON.
March 29, 1932. J. w. GORDON,
TUBE; CUTT ING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2/N VE N TOR. JOHN W GORDON.
ATTORNEY.
Y 'J o HNtw. GORDON, or. DAYTON,
' g drelin elevation; Fig. 41: isa I '30 end of; the mandrel toshow thetrimming cutl beea lled mean end, v
ing portion or standard '12 provided nearrits Patented Mar. '29, 1932 aoHmQAssIeNoR' 1 THE GORDON-DUNNAM 'TURINGMGQMPANY; or DAYTON; 01110, nconrone'rlon or"onto,
f from 0mm AND r Rnve MACHINE I Application filed June 11,
' "This invention relates to a tube'cutting and flaring machine, and oneobject of the inven tionis' to'providea simple efiicient machine to cutor trim the ends of tubes and to flare thesame. j a
' AQfurther object of the invention is to pro-j vide such a machinehaving cutting and flari ing instrumentalltles arranged to actsuccessively upon a tube and of suchajcharacter s thatthe machine may beeasily and operatedfto complete the operation. V
' A furtherobjectof the'invention' is to pro-' vide such a machinewithva flaring device which will impart to the end of the tube a Ismooth uniform flare freefrom burrs or rough Afurther' object of theinvention is to -pro-' vide such a machine with a cutter which will Isever atube of'thin-flexiblemetal such as COP-1 0pervwithoutcrushing'thesame. v 1
Other objects of the invention will appeari i k y as the mechanism; isdescribed indetail.
fIn the accompanying drawings F igyl'is a top plan View of a machine'embodying my invention; Fig.2'i's a rear end elevation, part9 lyfinsection; Fig. 3 visasectional detail'view of the mandrel supportinmember, taken on: 'thelin'e3 3 of Fig;1' and showing the mandetail'viewof one ter ;'and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the flared end ofthetube. V p s l In these drawings; '1 have illustrated one mbodiment ofmy'invention, but'it will be i 'understoodthat this particular embodimenthas been chosen for the purposes 'ofillus'trae tion only and that theinvention may take I various form without" departingfrom' they 7'spirit-oftheinvention! r Inthatembodiment her illustrated the 1113-chineicornprises a supporting structure or base 10 whichjasheretshowmjis mounted upon legs 11. f Tliis basehas at one end, whichmayv an upwardly extendupper end with means forisupporting thetube-which s ing member 1 ing member 13,
." engage-rand? flare the end .vided. with ap rotation and; extendslengthwiseiof the. tubej The-glu'g is located V I to'be cut andflared:Prefer-f ably-thetubsupporting means: is in the m Qturefof'aclamp and ashere shown a clampl 3 isyhinged to th e 'upper endof 1939, serial No.146 0,519. Q
the clamping memberand standard are re; 'cessed to receive the tube. Inthe'preSentinj stance, a two-part bushing '14 has its parts mountedrespectively inthe upper'end of the standard and the clamping member,and the two parts of this bushing are provided with alined recesses'to'rece'ive the tube. Q The bu'shing being readily" removable itis'obvious that substitutingone bushing for another, va-
the clamping device. The clamping member the standard 12 and theadjacent surfaces of v 6'0" rloussi'z'es of tubes maybe supportedwithin" may be secured inits closed positloninf any suitable manner but,as here shown, a link 15 l is pivotally connected with the "standard, 12
and hasat its upper end a cam or eecentriclfi 1 arranged to engage overlugs 17 on the clampthe c am being an operating-handle 18'. 1 f YMounted, upon the supporting structure or ase "10 is a frame which ismovable trans provide'dwith versely to a tube mounted in the tubesupport or clamp. This frame carries a rota-r7 cutter and a: mandrel somovement of the frame will bring these two arranged that flit-1 j 4devices successively into operative relation tothe;tube.".Themandrel ismounted fora bothirotator movement and for ment and afterthe end offthetube has been" severedthe mandrel ismoved into Iinethere-J withand-forced inwardly, While rotating; to p of the tubeQYThe: frame maytake various forms and may; be mounted in any suitable mannerl presentmechanism the ,base10has upwardly: extending' brackets or lugs 19 and20' pro ertures in which is mounted @a shaft 21, which "is preferably.fixed against;
on the tube support; in line with 'butspace V d inwardly from' thestandard 12. The 'fr portedion the shaftf2lgi'the framefmember23"In'thei '8 being: lo,cated between the l'ug Q O andiithe standard 12.;Each? frame memberi ispro' vided in the upper portion thereof and nearits, l'ateral'edges with bearings 24 and 25; the
axial moveola amecomprises ta mar-" member 22' and a front member 23rigidly fconnected one tothe other andpivotallyfsup- 1 5} 7corresponding. bearings in the two {frame; 00
members being arranged in alinement. In the present construction theframe members are cut away between the two bearings so that in efiectthe bearings of each frame member are carried by diverging arms.Itotatably mounted in the alined bearings 24 of the twoframe members isa shaft 26 one end of which projects beyond the front frame member 24and has rigidly secured thereto a cutter 27, which is preferably in thenature.
of a rotatable disk. This cutter is. so arranged with relation the frameis moved transversely to the standard the cutter will clear the adjacentend of the boss 14 form-' ing art of the tube support, and if there is atu supported in and projecting beyond said boss the end of the tube willbe engaged by the cutter and severed. The cutter is rotatedat a veryhigh-speed and will sever 28 which is held against the end of asoftmetaltube without crushing or distorting the same. Rotatably mountedin the bearings 25 of the two frame members is a tubular member axialmovement by collars 29 secured thereto and abutting against therespective bearings. Slidably mounted within the tubular member 28 is amandrel 30 which isso connected with the tubularmember that it willrotate therewith. In the arrangement here shown a pin 31 extends throughthe mandrel and has its ends projecting into slots 32 formed in thetubular member. A spring. 33 retains the mandrel normally in itsretracted position. As here shown, the rear portion ofthe bore of thetubular member is enlarged. as shown at 34, to receive the spring 33. Acollar 35 secured to the mandrel adjacent to the pin 31 Y fits withinthe enlarged portion ofthe tubular member and maintains the mandrel inaxial alinement with the tubular member. The spring 33 is confinedbetween the collar I 35 and the shoulder at the forward end of-the wardend of the mandrel, 50
1 enlarged portion of the bore. The mandrel is provided near its forwardend with a ta ed portion 36 to engage the end of the tu e and flare thesame. Preferably the forin advance of the is of reduced diameter, isadapted to enter the center the mandrel with forward end of thisretapered portion 36, as shown at 37,: and tube and accurately relationthereto, the
duced portion being rounded, as shown at 38,
to facilitate its entrance intov the tube. When themandrel has beenmoved intoline with the tube, and while the tubular member and mandrelare rotating, ated to causethe tapered portion thereof to engage the endof the tube and thus flare the-same outwardly. Y The tapered portion ofthe mandrel may directly engage the end I of the tube, ifdesired, but Ifind that a more satisfactory operation is had if the tapered p0 'onof-thetube is provided with two orv to the frame and the standard 12that when the mandrel is actu more rollers 39 which engage the tube androll the end thereof outwardly.
The operation of the cutter sometimes leaves a burr or rough edge on theend of the tube and the mandrel is provided with means for removing thisburr and leaving the flared end of the tube with a smooth clean edge.
For this purpose I have secured to the man'- drel a stationary cutter 40which overlaps the tapered portion. to engage the outer edge of the.fiared end of the tube and shave off any burr or roughness which may beon this edge. The reduced portion 37 of the mandrel is slotted, as shownat 41, and a blade or cutter 42 is pivotally mounted within the slot andthe rear end thereof is forced .outwardl by a spring43; When the end ofthe man el is inserted in the tube the blade 42 will be forced inwardlybut the action of the sprin will press the same against the innersurface ofth'e'tube and asthe mandrel is revolving at a relatively highspeed this blade will remove any burr or roughness on the inner end ofthe tube before the latter comes in contact with the tapered portion ofthe mandrel. Longitudi nal movement may be imparted to the man'- drel inany suitab e manner but, in the present instance, an operating handle orlever 44.
is pivotally mounted at one end on. afixe support 45 carried by thepivoted frame and is connected by a link 46 with the rear end of themandrel, the pivotal connections preferably of the ball and socket type.The
frame may be swung from one position to the other in any desired mannerbut preferably is provided withahandle 60 for this purpose.
The cutter 27 and the-mandrel are driven from the motor andthis motor ispreferably carried by the swinging frame. purpose the frame member 22has a down.- wardly extending portion 47 provided at its lower end witha base 48 on which is mounted a motor 49, the shaft 50 of which hassecured thereto. a grooved pulley .51. Grooved pulleys 52 and 53 aresecuredrespectively to the cutter shaft 26 and to the tubular member-28which carries the mandrel. Abelt 54 extends about the pulleys 51, 52 and53.v In the arrangement here shown that portion of the.
beltbetween the pulleys 52and 53 is looped downwardl toward the motorand passed about an id e pulley 55 on the shaft-21, thus causing largerportions of the belt to operatively engage the two driven pulleys thanwould be the case if the belt extended straight across the space betweenthe driven ulleys.
In the operationof the mechanism he tube is first mountedin the tubesupport and the frame is then swung to the left, in Fig. 2, to causethecutter to sever the end of the tube. After the end of the tube trimmedthe frame is swung in the opposite direction to bring the mandrel intoalinement the mandrel is'then pressed with. the tube and hereof and. isadapted being,
For this has been severed or forwardly the lever 44 and thus caused toengage andflarelthe tube; after which the handle is released and themandrel is, withe drawnrbyzthe spring The swinging frame is'heldnormally in an intermediateor inoperative position: by Ineansz of aspringpressed plunger 56"m'ounted in the frame I -member, 22: andadapted to enter the recess 57 r frame toimovevsaidcutter andisaidmandrel" 0n the baselO. This s to correctly positionythe mandrel withrelation tothe tubeand in the upwardlyextending bracket or lug 19plunger'is also adapted V retain the same in that position "duringtlieflaring. operation. .To
this'end therlug 19 is provided with a second recess "58 to receive theplunger when the 'mandrel is-in alinement with the tube. a
, The
plunger maybe voperated in any desired manner, but it is here shown asprovided with, a
head 59hbytracted'against the'action of its spring,
fWhi le I haveishown and described one embodiment of my invention I wishit tobeun derstood'that I do not desire to be limited to the detailsthereof as various modifications may occur to a person skilled'injthe'art.
Having'now fully described my invention',
whatI claim as new anddesire' to secure by Letters Patent is 1 1. Inatube cutting and flaring machine,j
a support for the tube, a rotatable cutter mounted-for bodily movementinto engage-- ment with a tube on said support, a mandrel mountedforboth 'rotaryand axialmovement M Jand havinga part to 'engage and flaresaid tube, means for, moving said mandrel into I alinementwith said tubeandimp'arting axial movement I thereto, and means i for rotating saidcutter :and'said mandrel; s V
2. Inlatube cutting and flaring machine,-
a support for the tube, a frame mounted for movement transversely to thetube on said support, a cutter rotatably mounted on said 1 frame, amandrel mountedonisaidlframe for 1 fbothrro'tary and'a xialmovementwithrela tion thereto and havinga part to engagerand flaresaid-tube, means for actuating-said successively into.operativelrelation to said tube and. for imparting .zaxial movement tosaid mandrel, andwmeans for rotating said cutter andsaidmandrel. Y 3.'Ina tube cuttingand flaring machine, a'support for} the tube, aframemounted for; V p Y movement transversely to the tubeon said wassupport, 7 a cutter rotatablyymount'ed on said frame, aamandrelmountedonl said frame for "both rotary .and axial; movement with relationthereto and having apart to'engage V and flare said tube, ,ineans foractuating said 30" I successivelyfintoframe to move saidcutter andsaidniandrel' ;j operative; relation to ;said tube and for impartingaxial movementto, said mandrel, and meansqcarried by said frame forrotating, 1: said cutter and, said mandrel; g r
meansof'which it"may be re-v i In a tube'ri cutting andxflaring machine,
a support for the tube, a framemountedfor movement" transversely to thetube on said a 'supp'ort,.a v'cutter'rotatably mounted on said "7'frame, a tubular member rotatably mounted on saidiframepa mandrelmounted in said tubular. member for rotationtherewith and 1 p for" axialmovement lwithr elation thereto and having part of said tube, means forimparting axial move-- ment to said mandrel, and means for rotating'said tubular member and'said cutters c In a tube cutting and flaringmachine,
asupport forthetube, a frame mounted'for frame for movement therewithand driving connections between said motor and said shaft and"said-tubulargniember.-' 6. In a tube cutting and a supportfor thetube,I mounted for movement about an axis extendi'n'gs lengthwise of. thetube on. said support,
lacutter carried byrsaid shaft," a 'tu-n member rotatably mounted-onsaid .1
a mandrel mounted in said tubular 'axialmovement, to said mandrel, amotormounted on said flaring machine, a frame pivotally aic'utterrotatably mounted onsaid frame, a Q
mandrel arotatably and slidably, mounted on said frame, spacedfromsa'idcutterand having a part to engageand -flare the end of saidvment to said.mandrehandmeans renown,
in said cutter-andsaid mandrel.
' tube, means for imparting longitudinalmoveg 7. 1m a-tube cuttingandflaring machine,
a Supporting structure having. apart forming a support for atube,aframe'pivotally mountspaoed bearings arranged normally on the oppositesides of saidtube support; a shaft journaled' in, one rof said bearings,a cutter rigidlysecured to said shaft and arranged togbe moved intoengagement with a tubeiin ed on said supporting structure and having looits
said; support 'fwhenfsaidframe is moved in one direction, a mandrelsupporting device" rotatably mounted in the other bearing of said frame,a mandrel 'mountedinsaid movement with relation thereto, said mandrelbeing: so arranged that it willjbevbrought into line with: said tube-When said frame is movedinthe'other direction, means for; g movement tosaid mandrel, and meansifor rotating said shaft imparting longitudinaland said mandrel supporting device;
a supportingstructurehaving a part forming ed on said support r devicefor rotation therewith and Y for longitudinal a support for a tubeyaframe pivotally-mouht 8.-In' a tube cutting w'and fla'ring machinei Ving structure and having v I spaced bearings: arranged; normally .onthe:
I opposite sides of said tube s upport, ajsha' ft" 3 a 5 one direction,
' mandrel being so ing device rotatably tatably mounted bekaw the, axisthereof, a motor supported on said part, and driving connections betweenSRidrIDOtOl and said shaft and said mandrel supporting device.
9. In a tube cutting and flaring machine,
a a supporting structure having a part forming a support for a tube, aframe pivotally mounted on said supportingstructure and having spacedbearings arran ed. normally onthe opposite sides of said tu support, a
shaft journaled in one of said bearings, a
cutter rigidly secured to said shaft and arranged to bemovedintowengagement with the tube? in said support; when said frame is movedin one direction, amandrel supportmounted" in the other bearing of saidframe, a mandrel mounted in said device for rotation therewith and forlongitudinal movementwith relation there-. to, said mandrel being soarranged that it in will be brought into line with said tube when saidframe is moved in the other direction, means for impartinglongitudinalmovement to said mandrel, and means for rotating said shaft;and said mandrel supporting device,
and a locking device to retain said frame in a position to which it hasbeen moved.
10. In a machine of the character de a frame mountseribed, a-support fora tube,
to a tube on ed for movement transversely Ag said'support, a mandrelmounted on said frame for both rotary and axial movement withrelationthereto, said mandrel having a tapered part to enter the end ofsaid tube,
rollers mounted in said tapered part Qfsaid m mandrel to engage saidtube and flare the same, and means forrotating said mandrel and forimparting axial movement thereto.
11. In a machine of the character described, a frame, a supportingmember roon said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member forrotation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto,said mandrel having apart to engage and flare the end y of a tube, meansfor rotatingsaid supporting.
'member, and means for imparting lengthwise movement tosaid mandrel.
12. In a-machine of. the character described, 21, frame a supportingmember rotatahly: mounted on said frame,
a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for retation therewith andfor lengthwise movement with relation thereto, said mandrel haw ing a.partto engage andfiare the end of a tube, means for rotating said supber, manually actuated means or impartin lengthwise movement to saidmandrel, and yieldable means to return said mandrel to its initialposition.
' 13. In a machine of the character described, 21. frame, a tubularmember rotatably mounted. on said frameand having means wherebyit may berotated, a mandrel mounted in s'aidtubular member for rotation therewithand for axial movement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a partto enter the end of, a tube and flare the same, a sprin to hold saidmandrel normally in a retracte position, and means for moving saidmandrel against the action of said spring while aid mandrel rotates withsaid tubular memr. I 14. In a machine of the character described, aframe, a supporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrelmounted in said supporting member for rotation therewith and forlengthwise movement with relation thereto, having a part to engage andflare the end of a tube, means for rotating said supporting member,means for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel, and meanscarried by said mandrel for trimming the edge of the end of the-tube.
'15. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, aframe mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, amandrel mounted on said frame for both axial and rotating movement andhaving a part to engage and flare the end of said tube, and means forrotating said mandrel and for imparting axial movement thereto;
16. In a i machine of the character described, asupport for a tube, aframe mountortingmema said mandrel ed for movement transverse to a tubeon said I support, a mandrel mounted on said frame for both axial androtating movement and having a part toengage and flare the end of saidtube, means for rotating said mandrel, and manually operated means forimparting axial movement tosaidmandrel.
17'. In a machine of the character described, asupport for a. tube, aframe mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, asupporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrel mounted insaid supporting member for rotation therewith and for lengthwisemovement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a part to engage andflare the end of atube, means for rotating said supporting member, andmeans for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel.
18. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, asupport for a mandrel, one of said supports beingmovable transversely toa tube on said support to bring the tube and mandrel into 'ali'nement, amandrel mounted on said framefor both axial and rotating movement andhavinga part to engage and flare'the end of said tube, and means forrotating said'man'drel and for, imparting axial movement thereto.
19. In a mechanism. of the character d e- I scribed, arotatablesupporting structure, a
scribed, a rotatable supporting structure, a mandrel mounted in saidstructure for rotation therewith and for longitudinal move ment withrelation thereto, said mandrel v having a reduced end portion to enter atube and a tapered portion to flare the end of said tube, and means forrotating-said supporting structure. I 4
20. In a mechanism of the character demandrel mounted in said structurefor rota-' I tion therewith and 'for'longitudinal movev ment withrelation thereto, said mandrel having a tapered portion to enter the endof a tube and flare'the same, and means for rotating said'supportingstructure, said mandrel also havinga part-extending beyond saidsupporting structure whereby longitudinal movement maybe imparted tosaid man- 7 drel while itrotates.
21. In a mechanism of thecharaoter described, a tube supporting device,a rotatable structure having an axial bore] in line with said tubesupporting device',fa mandrel mounted inisaid bore'for longitudinalmovement and held'against rotation with relation to said structure,saidmandrel having altapered portion'to enter the end of a tube in saidsupporting device and flare the same, a g and means for rotating saidstructure.
In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature hereto.v V v I J GORDON
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2024-03-22
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1930-06-11
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-03-29"
}
|
US-465319D-A
|
Trousers
(No Model.)
E. CLARK. TROUSERS; &c.
No. 465,319. Patented Dec. 15,1891,
WITNESSES. l/VVEIVTOI? I mm Array/15 101 m: NOHRIG PEYERS co, mow-mum,msumumn, c
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
EMERSON CLARK, OF JENNY LIND, ARKANSAS.
TROUSERS, 80C.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,319, dated December15, 1891.
Application filed May 9, 1891. Serial mseaisz. (No model.)
and useful Improvements in Trousers, of
which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing bad to the accompauying drawings, forming a part hereof.
My invention relates to improvements in trousers, &c.; and it consistsin the novel arrangement andcombination of parts, as will be morefullydescribed hereinafter, and designated in the claim.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front perspective View of my completeinvention, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section taken on line m x ofFig. 1. I The object of my invention is to construct trousers for theuse of laboring men, especially miners, and provide the same adjacent tothe fly-piece and crotch with an elastic gore, so that the trousers willnot tear or rip from the strain occasioned by the diiferent posturesassumed by the wearer in the progress of his work.
It is well known that especially in mining the trousers worn by theminer frequently become ripped in the seat or crotch and ad j acent tothe fly-piece, and the object of my invention is to entirely overcomethis'evil effect.
Having given these preliminary statements as to the object of my.invention, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail.
Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates trousers-legs, which are of theordinary construction.
2 indicates the fly-piecc, and 3 the crotchseam.
The portion of the leg adjacent to the flypiece is cut away, as can bereadily perceived in the drawings, and in lieu of said cut-away portionI stitch or secure in any suitable way an elastic gore 4:. One side ofsaid elastic goreis stitched or secured to the fly-piece, and the'otherside of the same is likewise secured to the leg and seat of the trousersat the edge of the opening, as shown. Said elastic gore issecured ashereinbefore stated, and extends backward about half-way of thecrotch-seam a. By this construction the trousers, or rather that portionthereof adjacent to the fly-piece and the crotch-seam, is free to give,no matter what position the wearer assumes.
Particular emphasis is laid upon the fact that the elastic materialextends up parallel with the fly-piece, enabling the wearer to assumemany positions with ease and comfort,-
which could not be assumed otherwise.
It will be observed that the upper end of the opening covered by thegore is unilaterally rounded, so as to converge in a point at 5, thusreducing the width of that part of the opening. The purpose of thisformation is to limit the degree of elasticity of the elastic materialcovering the upper end of the open- The gore which I make use of in myinvention is preferably made up of a combination of rubber strands andcotton threads, there being a series of parallel rubber strandsextending in a direction transverse to the fiy-piece of the garment, anda series of cotton threads which are of smaller size than the rubberstrands interwoven with said rubber strands in a direction parallel withsaid fiy-piece, which permits elasticity of the gore in one directiononly; but this is not an essential the opening, the upper end of thepiece of elastic material where it covers the reduced portion of theopening serving to limit the degree of.elasticity at that point,substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affizt my signature in presence of two witnesses.
EMERSON CLARK.
WVitnesses:
GEO. J. REUTER, O. E. PETTY.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1891-12-15"
}
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US-28078D-A
|
Pebfobatiltg-btrle fob pbesttebs
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM W. HARDING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
PERFORATING-RULE FOR PRINTERS.
Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,078, dated May 1, 1860.
To all whom it 'may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM W. HARD- ING, of the city of Philadelphiaand State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Improvement inMachinery for Perforating or Deeply Indenting Newspapers, Magazines,Pamphlets, &c., so that Their Folds May Easily be Torn; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure l shows a view of my arrangement. Fig. 2shows the bar A A detached,
The nature of my invention consists in providing a bar A A which is of aheight a little greater than that of the type, with a series of sharppoints of anydesired shape. This bar is then placed in the form, (theteeth projecting a little above the surrounding type), at such va placeas it is desired the perforations should be in the paper. Vhen theimpression is taken these points. will perforate or deeply indent thepaper.
The object of this invention is to perforate a series of holes in thefolds of newspapers, pamphlets, books, magazines, etc., whereby they maybe easily separated.
Having thus described my improvement what I claim as my invention anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is- The combination of the bar AAprovided with a series of teeth, with the form so that when theimpression is taken these sharp points will perforate or deeply indentthe paper, substantially as herein set forth.
WM. W. HARDING.
Vitnesses:
J. GUNNIGHILD, M. V. B. KENNEY.
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| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1860-05-01"
}
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US-1913797090-A
|
Cushion-heel.
A. E. LEWIS.
CUSHION HAEBL.
LQQGQ..
APPLICATION FILED OUT. l24, 1913.
Patented June 9, 1914.
IAL
HLONZO ED/HRD LEWIS,
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, 0F ING-ERSGLL, ONTARIO, CANADA.l A
oUsHIoN-HEEL.
To al? whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, asubject of the Kingof Great Britain, residing at Ingersoll, in theProvince In the accompanying drawingz--Figure- 1 is a central sectionalview through the heel portion of a shoe, made according to myinvent-ion. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the view shown in Fig. 1. Fig.3 is a perspective view of a cork pad which may be substituted for thespring shown in Fig. 1.
Throughout the separate views the same part is designated by the samereference character. Y
Referring more particularly to the drawing, 1 ,designates'the upper of ashoe provided with an inner sole 2 and an outer sole 3. Within the heelportion of the shoe is a thin heel casing 4 which is made the same shapeas the heel and covers the lower portion of the upper on the inside andextends downwardly forming a hollow space 5 below the portion of theinsole which is adapted to support the heel of the wearer. Forwardly ofthe space 5, the casing 4 is inserted between the sole and, insole asindi-V cated at 6 and all three members, the sole,
insole and casing are connected together by a rivet'7.
On the outside of the upper 1 is a leather heel cap 8 which extends downbelow the lower edge ofthe upper and incases the heel casing 4 on theoutside, surrounding the space 5. It will be seen that the cap 8 extendsacross the bottom of the heel and on the outside of the heel and thebottom is a leather pad 9. It will be seen also that the pad 9, cap 8and bottom portion of the casing 4 are joined together by rivets orother Specication of Letters Patent.
Patented J une 9, 1914.
Application led October 24, 1913. Serial No. 797,090.
means such as pins, the members l4 and 8 als1 being joined together ,byrivets such as Within the space 5 is a spring 12, one end of which isfastened to a met-al plate 13 which is riveted to the bottom of the heelmember 4 by means of rivets such as 14. The upper end of the spring 12is connected to a plate 15 which is similar to the plate 13 and whichbears against the under face of the insole 2 where it extends above thespace 5. It will be seen that the spring 12 is connected to the plates13 and 15 by means of integral extensions such as 16 which project fromthe edges of the plates and which are coiled over so as to embrace theportion of the spring lying adjacent the plates. It should be noted alsothat the heel cap 8, the upper 1 and the upper edge of the casing 4 arefastened together by means of rivets 17. It will be understood also thatif desired, additional padding may be placed within the casing 4 toprotect the foot of the wearer, but such protection being an obviousmatter, itis not shown in the drawing.
Referring 1nore particularly to Fig. 3, I have shown therein a cork pad18 which may be substituted for the spring 12 in the form shown in Fig.1.
Having thus described my invent-ion, what I claim is .1. A shoecomprising in combination, a hollow heel structure including a steelcas' ing, an insole extended above the base of said heel structure, saidcasing being ein tended at one end thereof in contact .with
said insole and being riveted thereto, auf;L
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2024-03-22
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1913-10-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1914-06-09"
}
|
US-50825143-A
|
Glass cleaner
Patented Oct. 2, 1945 GLASS CLEANER Raymond M. Schlabach, Canton, OhioNo Drawing. Application October 29, 1943,
Serial No. 508,251
8 Claims. (Cl. 25291) The invention relates to a glass cleaner and moreparticularly to a treated, disposable paper which may be used,preferably dry, for cleaning glass of every description, as in windows,show cases, table tops, mirrors, automobile wind shields and lights,pictures, and the like; and which also may be used for cleaning'andpolishing metal surfaces such as silverware, chrome or chrome platedmaterial and the like.
Many different kinds of polishing cloths have been proposed in the priorart, but they all involve a rather complicated chemical treatment offabric, cloth, chamois, or the like, for preparing the polishing cloth.The resultant cloth is expensive, is difficult if not impossible toclean, and involves a substantial loss if thrown. away when dirty.
Moreover, these chemically prepared prior art polishing cloths are notadapted for cleaning glass because they ordinarily will streak theglass.
Some of the chemically prepared prior art cloths have been used forcoating glass with a water repellent film to prevent clouding from rainor condensation; but such use may also result in streaking the glass.
, Other prior art proposals have included treated paper for use as apolishing material buthave been objectionable because they produce adust in use, or may require water for use. Thus such products areactually not suitable for use in the places where their use would bemost. advanta- For instance, show cases in large department stores mustbe cleaned and polished frequently and if such cleaning and polishinginvolves the use of water or the production or dropping off of dust ordirt, the cases must be emptied in order to do the cleaning so as toavoid damage or injury to the goods contained therein. If the cases areemptied, there is no advantage in using a prepared cloth or treatedpaper of the prior art over 'using age-old wet washing, cleaning orpolishing methods involving water and soap or Eon-Ami, or the like.
Likewise in the home, there is no advantage, over usual window washingmethods, in using a prepared cloth orpaper which must be used wet,
or which dusts oil because either method involves a drying step or astep of cleaning up ofthe dust. Accordingly, it is an object of thepresent invention to provide a glass. cleaner made of inexpensivedisposable paper that may be thrown away when it becomes dirty, withoutappreciable loss.
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paperglass cleaner which will not streak glass when, used for cleaning orpolishmg.
Also it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper glasscleaner which does not dust off when used for cleaning or polishingglass surfaces and the like.
Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paperglass cleaner which may be used dry for cleaning and polishing glasssurfaces and thelike.
In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide adisposable paper cleaner which may be used for cleaning or polishingsmoothly finished or polished surfaces of glass, metal or the like,without wetting and without streaking or dusting off.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide for themanufacture of a disposable paper cleaner incorporating the advantagesand having the characteristics enumerated.
Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide adisposable paper cleaner for cleaning and polishing smoothly finishedglass or metal surfaces which overcomes the difllculties anddisadvantages of prior art materials.
And finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cheapand inexpensive paper cleaner which may be readily used and disposed offor cleaning and polishing glass or metal surfaces without disturbing,damaging. soiling or wetting articles or objects adjacent to the surfacebeing cleaned or polished.
These and other objects and advantages may be obtained, and the priorart difllculties overcome, by the glass cleaner hereinafter described indetail and claimed, and by the method of making the improved glasscleaner hereinafter set forth in detail and claimed.
I have discovered that if porous, or unglazed or uncalendered paper,commonly called "kraft paper, is treated with, a mixture of powderedsilica, gh/cerine and water in controlled proportions and dried, theresulting treated paper, preferably in the form of sheets, may beefficiently and satisfac- ,torily used to clean and polish glass andmetal tion must be controlled, to achieve the objects of the presentinvention, to have the approximate proportions of v'75 to 115 cc. ofglycerine, and 150 grams of powdered silica per liter of water. Thesolution is preferably heated to 100 F. to 150 F. when passing the paperthrough the same;
and the paper is preferably to kraftlution, the heavier is the treatedpaper.
The proportions of glycerine and powdered silica are critical. Theglycerine' has several functions. First, it toughens the paper so thatit may be severely abused, crumpled, .and rubbed on the surface beingcleaned without tearing, rupturing or wearing away, as compared with thesame paper prior to treatment. Second, it makes the paper very soft andpliable so that it may be readily worked and manipulated in the hand inconnection with a cleaning operation; in fact, the treated paper feelssomewhat rubbery. Third, it carries the powdered silica onto and intothe paper and acts as a binder to retain the powdered silica on thepaper. Fourth, the glycerine Drevents the silica from dusting off fromthe paper when used.
The powdered silica is the primary polishing and cleaning agent in thefinished treated paper.
I have. discovered that if the amount of glycerine is reduced materiallybelow the lower limit of the stated proportions of 75 cc. to 150 gramsof silica per liter of water, the silica is not properlybound or held tothe paper and will dust off and the paper will not be sufficiently toughand pliable.
I have also discovered that if the amount of glycerine is increasedmaterially above the upper limit of the stated portions of 115 cc. to150 grams of silica per liter of water, the treated paper in use willstreak glass or other surfaces being cleaned or polished, and may leavea film thereon which is difficult to remove.
A consideration of these factors leads to a possible explanation of thedifficulties that have been encountered with the prior art products. Allof the previously referred to known prior art products that utilizeglycerine either streak glass orprovide the gly'cerine .to form a filmfor preventing theCOllCtlOllOf fog.or condensation on the glass. 1 i 4On the other hand, inthe present improved the solution and to preventprecipi-.
Of course. an increase or decrease in the amount of silica in thesolution will change the relative amounts of glycerine and silica in thetreatment bath; and these relative amounts should not be varied outsidethe approximate limits stated in the above discussion of the criticalrelationship of the proportions of glycerine and silica in the solution.
The amount of water in the solution may be varied somewhat so long asthe relationship between the proportions of glycerine and silica ismaintained. An increase in the amount of water in the solution willresult only in decreasing the net weight increase of the dried treatedPaper.
As stated, the paper is preferably 15 to 20 pound kraft paper, as. thisseems to be the most convenient weight of paper to manipulate incleaning or polishing a glass or metal surface. As stated the paper mustbe a porous, unglazed or uncalendered paper, such as kraft paper, inorder to readily impregnate it with the glycerine and silica.
The powdered silica should be as fine as possible, but it is unnecessaryto have it powdered finer than being ground to 300' to 400 mesh, assilica of this degree of fineness does not scratch smooth or polishedglass or metal surfaces when being used to clean or polish the same.
In passing the paper strip or web through the heated agitated solution,the porous, unglazed, kraft paper soaks up the solution and excesssolution carried on the surface of the paper is removed by the passageof the paper between rolls, The following air drying operation,preferably performed in a hot air drier, evaporates the water from theother elements of the solution impregnated in and carried by the paper,but does not evaporate the glycerine.
After the paper has been treated and dried, it should be stored in amoisture-free atmosphere so as to prevent absorption of moisture by theglycerine in the paper; because such absorption of moisture may causethe treated paper to streak the article being cleaned.
For these reasons, the treated paper may be cut in sheets of convenientsize, say 16" x 20", and a number of sheets enclosed and sealed in atight package, such as a sealed Cellophane package, so that packages ofthe cleaner may be carried in stock on the shelves of a merchant withoutabsorbing moisture.
Alternately, instead of treating kraft paper as received in rolls from apaper mill, the paper may be treatedto incorporate the glycerine andpowdered silica therein in the approximate proportions stated during themanufacture of paper at a paper mill.
The improved paper cleaner may be used to clean or polish any glasssurfaces and the like and also to clean and polish metal surfaces suchas silverware, either solid or plated, and polished plated 'trim orornamentation metal, or other paper glass cleaner, the. use ofglycerinewithin the limits of the critical proportions stated, does not streakglass and does not form a f lm on".
' the surface being cleaned or polished; but the 1 glycerine performsthe binding, toughening,-
softening and silica-retaining functions.
Likewise, in the prior art products that use silica, the silica dustsoff so as to result in an accumulation of powdered silica at placesadjacent to the surface being cleaned or polished, which accumulationmust in turn be cleaned away.
"metal, articles.
When used, a sheet of treated paper may be crumpledin the hand and wiperor rubbed over thesur'fafce to becleaned, in the usual manner, or alayer of the paper may be pressedwith the thumb or finger 0n the surfacebeing cleaned and rubbed or wiped to and fro across the surface. Thetreated paper is and can be used dry. However, automobile Windshieldssometimes become heavily covered with the remains of bugs, and in thisparticular situation, the windshield may be cleaned more quickly byfirst wetting a paper and rubbing the windshield and then rubbing andcleaning the windshield with another dry crumpled ball of the treatedpaper.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a dry paper glass cleanerwhich can be used to clean and polish smooth or polished surfaces, suchas metal and glass surfaces, without dusting off.
The finished dry paper glass cleaner product carries or is impregnatedwith glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of to by weight ofthe untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equalparts by weight of glycerine and silica. The approximate ratio ofglycerine and silica carried by or impregnated in the paper as stated,results from the treatment of the paper in the solution described abovefolfollowed by drying.
Moreover, the agitation of the solution while treating the papertherewith, and the rolling of the treated paper as it leaves thetreatment bath uniformly distributes the glycerine and silica anduniformly spreads and impregnates the same on and in the paper so as toform a non-dusting, nonstreaking product when dried.
Having described the invention, and the improved glass cleaner productthereof, together with the improvements in manufacturing the glasscleaner product, the use of the same, the disadvantages overcome and thenew results obtained; the new and useful products and methods, andreasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled inthe art, are set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paweight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerineand silica.
4. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paper with an aqueous solution containing 75 to115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, andthen hot air drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treatedpaper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approxlmate ratio of from 2to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica.
5. The method of making a non-dusting, nonstreaking paper glass cleanerimpregnated with from 15% to 20% by weight of a mixture of glycerine andsilica in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight,which includes the steps of treating kraft paper with an aqueoussolution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powderedsilica per liter of water, agitating the solution while treating thepaper therewith and rolling the treated paper to uniformly impregnatethe paper with the glycerine cleaner and the like consisting of a dryproduct per with an aqueous solution containing from 75 I to 115 cc.glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, and thendrying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated papercarrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% byweight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 toequal parts by weight of glycerine and silica.
2. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueoussolution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powderedsilica per liter of water, and then drying the paper to evaporate thewater and form r 8. treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerineand silica.
3. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paper with a hot aqueous solution containingfrom 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter ofwater, then rolling the paper, and then drying the paper to evaporatethe water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silice. in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by and silica," and then drying thepaper.
6. A non-dusting, non-streaking paper glass formed of porous,unglazed'kraft paper treated to increase its weight approximately 15% to20% with glycerine and 300 to 400 mesh powdered silica in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight.
7. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the stepsof treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueous solutioncontaining from to v cc. glycerine and gms. powdered silica per liter ofwater, agitating'the solution while treating thezpa per therewith, thenrolling the paper, and then hot air drying the paper to evaporate thewater and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts:, by weight of glycerineand silica.
8. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the stepsof treating porous, unglazed 15 to 20 pound kraft paper in a hot aqueoussolution containing from 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. of 300 to400 mesh powdered silica per liter of water maintained at a temperatureof from 100 to 150 F. agitating the solution while treating the papertherewith, then rolling the paper, and then hot air drying-the paper toevaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine andsilica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreatedpaper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts byweight of glycerine and silica. 1 A RAYMOND M. SCHLABACH.
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2024-03-22
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1943-10-29
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1945-10-02"
}
|
US-43138D-A
|
Improvement in friction clutches or pulleys
' Shelburne Falls, in
and State 'of Massachusetts, have invented friction-ring,
ings.
'overhangs said arms.
. the collar F are two wedgeshaped pie UNITED .STATES PATENT @erica S.SHEPARDSON, 0F SIIELBURNE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS.
Specifica-tion forniing parts of Letters Patent No. 43, [38, dated June14, 1864.
To all u-hom it may concern Beit known that I, H. S. SnErARDsoN, of thecounty of Franklincertain new and useful improvements in Fric-` tionClutches or Pulleys; and I do hereby declare that the following is ai'ull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, making a parl; oi' this specieatiomin which-Figure 1 represents a side view ot the pulley or clutch, and Fig. 2represents a section through the same in the direction of the line oftheshaft on which it is to beplaced. f
Similar letters, where they occur, denote like parts in both ofthefigures.
' My invention consists, first, in the 'combi nation ot' the wedges onthe sliding collar with the radial arms on the hub ot' the clutch ringfor forcing out said clutch or friction ring against the inner perimeterof the pulley; and, secondly, it consists in the. manner ot' connectingthe radial arms tothe segmental so as to more directly apply the forceof said armste the expanding of said segments. i
To enable-others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I'willproceed to 'describe the same with reference to the draw The hub a of`the expansive or friction ring A is fitted to the'sh'aft B by afeather, b, aud suitableslot, so that both shall turn together. The-hu'b c of the pulley C isv-fitt`ediipon and over thehub a, so as toturn independent oi'said hub a when unclutched froln its ring A. Acollar, '1),' with a setserew, r1, or otherwise, holds the pulley andits hub c in position at one end and the hub a of the frictionfring atthe other end. The arms E of the pulley areV at or near the center of.the face or perimeterV of said pulley, sothat the rim ot' the pulleyoves endwise on -the grooved ate for the shipper to rlfhis collar, b vmeans of a feather, g, can turn with the Ashaft and be the shaft at the'same time. VUpon ces, h h, openings, i1',
F is a collar that 1n shaft B, and is work in.
f, and slot slid along which work in two mortises or near the hub aofthe'expansive ring A. When ese openings, s or arms a n, which havethem, to which one end of pair `ot` toggle-arms o o is hinged, the
nds ot' said levers being hinged or pivk the wedgesare forced into ththey pass under pin cross-'heads m upon of the other e under the rim ofthe pulley,
make this clamping and u -the friction bet the pair working upondiii'erent segments,
of the levers o and thus the slightest motion clamps or releases thesegments from the drum of thepulley, as the case may be. When the wedgesh h are forced in to the position shown in red lines in Fig. 2, thesegments are'tightly clamped against the pnl-ley, so that all shall rnn.with the shaft, shown in black lines in Fig. 2, then the pulley isunclutched and can run independent et' the shaft and friction clutch,4or stop, while they continue to run.
vThe segmental-frictionring A isentirely and only moves radiallyand notalong the shaft, and thus is out of the wayand makes mechanism.A Eachsegu-lent has one arm, Gr, cast or wrought .on it to hold it in placeand prevent the `segments from moving toward the center, and thus fthelninutest expansion ofthe ends or split portions ofthe segmentsimmediately clamps itself to-the pulley,.er unclamps it, `as the casemay be 5 and to nclamping at all times perfect a nut, s, on the screw umay be adjusted so as to make it very sensitive and reliable, andinstantaneous in its action, said screw u being made on a portion of thearm n, against which the wedges l1. work. To cause the wedges h li tomorefreely move the arms n a, I propose to place small -frictionof saidarms,vto reduce Ween the two parts, withoutl rolls upon the endsimpairing the radialgforce uponfthe arms by Having thus fully describedmy invention, what claim therein as new, and Vdesire to secure byLetters Patent, isi 1. The combination of Athe wedges li on the slidingcollar F with thel radial arms n, connected with the expansive orfriction ring A, substantially 'as 'an friction-segments bytoggle'levers o o, which straddle the -cuts in said ring, as and for thepurpose described.
n. s. sHnPAnDsON. Witnesses:
' inn. PRATT,
NELsoN SPa/teun.
Vand `when in the position a. neat piece of" d for the purposedescribed. 2. Counecting the .radial arms u to the
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1864-06-14"
}
|
US-1241015-A
|
Method of boring embroidery fabric
R. ZAHN, DEC'D.
A. RIETZSCH. ADMINISTRATOR.
METHOD OF BORING EMBROIDERY FABRIC.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 55. 1915.
ROBERT ZAI-IN', DECEASED, BY ALFRED RIETZSCH, ADIEINISTEATOR, PLAUEJ\T,VOG'ILAND, GERIEAETY, ASSIGNOB TO ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN.
METHOD OF BOREIIG EMBROEDEPUY FABRIC.
inoaeei.
Specification of Letters 'iatent.
Patented Jan. 1%, 1922.
Original application filed July 9, 1912, Serial No. 708,496. Divided andthis application filed March 5,
(GRANTED UNDER THE PRUVISI-JNS OF THE 5.8T MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. In,1313.)
To aZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ALFRED Rinrzsorr, a subject of the German Emperorand resident of Plauen, in Vogtland, Saxony, Germany, am administratorof the estate of Ronnnr ZAHN, deceased, and that said ROBERT ZAHN hasinvented new and useful Improvements in a Method of Boring EmbroideryFabric, (for which he has filed an application in Germany, February 6,1912,) of which the annexed is a specification.
The present application is a division of original application Serial No.708,496, filed July 9, 1912, which has matured into Patent Number1,162,009 and dated Nov. 30, 1915.
As is well known, the fabric on which the embroidery is produced, isstretched taut in its frame by hooking the vertical edges thereof to theframe and fastening its horizontal edges to the fabric rollers. Allefforts notwithstanding, it has been found impossible to wind the fabricaround the rollers absolutely uniformly and without folds. Therefore thetension at the different points of the fabric surface is not uniform andwill Vary more with larger fabric surfaces. The unevenness of thetension reaches the highest degree with fabrics of the enormously largeembroidering machines as now in use.
However, the unevenness of the tension, due to non-uniform. stretching,in itself, after all would not be of Very great importance and would notmaterially affect the embroidery, if at least this unevenness wouldremain constant during the entire embroidering process. But this is notthe case. Leaving aside the fact that during lengthy periods ofinterruption of the work, as during dinner time and night time, owing tochanges of air humidity and temperature, a distortion, often to aconsiderable extent of the fabric, takes place; during the embroideringwork, too, a distortion is caused, that is to say, different points ofthe embroidery are caused to change their position relative to theneedles. And that the displacement of the fabric surface is not uniformat all parts, but is smaller here and larger there, to the left at oneplace and to the right at another, is due to the non-uniform tension ofthe fabric. It is evident, that, owing to the above named circumstances,the embroidery design not only is greatly affected in its appearance,but also is frequently damaged and even rendered entirely useless. Thisparticularly happens when distortion of the embroidery takes place atthe time when the borers are set into operation. For then the sharpedges of the borers sever the adjoining already finished parts of theembroidery design.
Moreover, the borers in themselves give rise to distortion of thefabric. When the borers, of which in some machines there are about athousand, simultaneously pierce the fabric, their sharp edges cutthe'fibres of the fabric, and it is evident that owing to the elasticityof the fibres, the tension of the fibres of the entire fabric surface isimmediately changed. But the embroidering process itself, too,particularly during the formation of so called flat stitches, gives riseto distortion of the fabric, in that the design of the work iscontracted and consequently the tension of the fabric increased. Thereis only that difference between the distortion caused during theembroidering process and the boring process, that during the latter thefibres are severed and the tension of the fabric is lessened instead ofincreased as during the former. As the lessened tension of the boredparts is not regularly compensated by the increased tension of the partsformed by the flat stitches, another cause for a variance in tension ofthe entire fabric is created.
The object of this invention is to provide a method of preventing, asmuch as possible, the tension arising during the embroidering processfrom affecting the embroidery design.
My new method consists in that th embroidering needles, which, as wellknown, are arranged in close vicinity of the borers, are caused, duringthe boring operation, to enter the fabric with their points only and notquite to their eyes and to be withdrawn simultaneously with the borersimmediately preceding the moment when the fabric frame is to bedisplaced for the formation of the next series of boreholes. Thus thefabric surface becomes so to say temporarily reinforced by the needlesat all those points where the borers could damage the same. As theneedle points engage not only the fabric but also the stitch holes ofthe rigid stitch plates, it is clear, that even a very strong lateralforce could not bring about a displacement of any part of theembroidery. Hence, as long as the borers are in action the embroiderymaintains its position owing to its reenforcement by the needle points.
In order to make my invention more clear reference is had to theaccompanying drawing in which similar characters denote correspondingparts and in which Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a part of anembroidering machine and Fig. 2 is a detail, show ing the adjustableroller of the needle operating mechanism.
The fabric surface is denoted by reference letters w m, the embroideringneedles are denoted by 3 and the borers by 7. The latter are operated inwell known manner from a cam 8 through levers 9, 10 and a connecting rod11. The needles 3 are operated from the cam 12 through .the medium of abell crank lever 13 connected to a rod 14L which carries a roller 15co-operating with the cam 12.
' When it is desired to have the needles 3 engage the fabric with thePoints only in order to reinforce the fabric during the boring operationthe roller 15 is displaced transversely to the rod 14L to bear on thecircumference of another cam 12 so fixed on the shaft 12 that a part ofits circumference coincides with that of the cam 12. The displacement ofthe roller 15 is effected by means of a forked bell crank 16 (Fig. 2)which constantly engages the roller 15 and which may be operated by handor from the jacquard mechanism (not shown) through the medium of the rod17.
WVhat is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing andsimultaneously reinforcing the fabric and relieving it at the moment thefabric is to be displaced for borin at another place.
2. method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing andsimultaneously stiffening the surface of the fabric and relieving thelatter at the moment it is to be displaced for boring at another place.
3. A method of boring embroidery fabric, consisting in piercing theborers through the fabric and simultaneously projecting the stitchingneedles through the fabric so as to engage the latter with their pointsonly and removing the said needles from thefabric preceding the momentthe latter is displaced for boring a new series of holes.
In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.
ALFRED RIETZSCH, Administrator of the estate 0 Robert ZaJm,
deceased.
Witnesses:
ROBERT H. NIER, Josnn GRANBY.
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2024-03-22
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1915-03-05
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-01-10"
}
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US-1901080721-A
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Car-brake.
No. 698,784. Patented Apr. 29, I902.
A. BALDN.
GAB BRAKE.
(Application filed Nov. 1, 1901.
4 (No Model.)
waned/564: v [nmn'ova- 4: "cams PEYEHS ca. PNOTO-LIYNQ. WASNINGTDN u cUNITED STATES PATENQF OFFICE;
ANDRE\V BALON, OF. ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.
CAR-BRAKE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters latent No. 698,784, dated April29, 1902.
Application filed November 1, 1901. Serial No. 80,721. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern;
Be it known that I, ANDREW BALON, a citizen of Austria-Hungary, and aresident of Elizabeth, Union. county, New Jersey, have invented acertain new and useful Improved Car-Brake, of which the following is aspecification.
This invention relates to a car-brake of novel construction and in whichthe brakeshoes are guided against the wheels in a positive manner.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of acar-truck'provided with my improved brake; Fig. 2, a plan of one-half ofthe same; Fig. 3, a detail of the brake-operating mechanism; and Fig. 4,a section on line 4 4:, Fig. 3.
The frame of the truck is composed of an upper double section a aand alower double section b b, that converge toward their ends, so as to runout into a single front and rear section 0. Between the two arms of theupper section a a slides the load-carrying bolster d, guided by rails dand supported upon the center of a semi-elliptic spring e. The ends ofthis spring are coiled around pins f, carried by links f, that aresuspended between the arms of the lower section b'b at f The spacebetween the upper and lower sections a a and b b is traversed by uprightrails g for guiding the oil-boxesg' which are supported by theaxle-bearings. The car-truck frame is supported upon the oil-boxes bysprings 9 The load is transmitted from the bolster at through the springe to the lower frame-section and thence through rails g to the upperframe-section to be evenly distributed to the oil-box springs 9 receivesthe end of a squared shaft is, adapted to be operated by the brake-leverIt and carrying an eccentric 10 arranged between thepins When the brakeis to be set, the
shaft 70 is so turned that the eccentric k bears against the shoes j andcauses them to slide along the pins e', so as to engage the wheels Z.When the brake isto be taken off, the shaft is turned to withdraw theeccentric le when the shoes will be retracted by the springs 9.
What I claim is A car-brake provided with a bearing, an upper andalowerpin' received thereby and projecting with theirfiends beyond thebearing, springinfluenced perforated brake-shoes adapted to slide uponthe projecting ends of the pins, and aneccentric that engages thebrake-shoes intermediate the pins, substantially as specified.
Signed by meat Elizabeth, Union county, New J ersey, this 25th*d'a'y, ofOctober, 1901;
ANDREW BALON.
Witnesses:
H. G. HooLEY, A. NEFT.
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2024-03-22
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1901-11-01
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-04-29"
}
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US-32260928-A
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Tire carrier
March 24, 1931.
F. G. ALBORN ET AL TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l ANDBY EDWIN H. sAvAsE ATTORNEY March24, 1931. F ALBQRN ET AL 1,797,222
TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTORS FRANK G.ALBORN AND EDWIN H. SAVAGE ATTORN EY Patented Mar. 24, 1931 Unitesstares rarest em FRANKG. ALBORN AND nnwin n. savaen, or CLE ELAND, onrnssienons TO THE I WHITE MOTOR COMPANY, or CLEVELAND, I-IIO,'ACORPORATION or OHIO TIRE onnninn Application filed November 30, 1928.Serial No. 322,609. I
I This invention relates to spare tire carmore for motor vehlcles.
It is an object of this invention to provide a simple efficient tirecarrier of the underslung type which supports the tire in spacedrelation to the adjacent parts of the carrier and vehicle. V a
It is a further object of this invention to provide a tire carrier ofthe underslung type The invention itself will'be more readily understoodfrom the description of one prac-.
tical embodiment thereof, illustratedin the accompanying drawings inwhich 7 a Figure 1 is a top plan view of a tire carrier, showing a sparetiremounted thereinin carried position.
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of Figure 1.
j Figure 3 is a s1de elevation of the carrier,
7 showing the relative positions of'the difier ent parts of the carrier,both to themseives and to a sparetire,'at an intermediate stage in theplacement or removal of the spare tire. V
- Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4.4 of Figure 1, and vFigure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates the rear portion ofa motor truck frame. Rigidly secured to the frame side rails 11 is ametal stirrup 12 the bottom section 13 of which forms with the members14 and 15 an underslung platform 16. This platform is designed tosupport a spare tire 17 and is constructed with raised surfaces 18 whichengage the lower surface of the rim 19 to support the t1re in spacedrelation to the subjacent'parts of the platform. 7 It is to be notedthat this platformcomprises a central unobstructed portion bounded byand including the members 14, over which a tire maybe facilely slid onor 03 the platform to and from a carried position thereon.
The members 14 of the platform 16 are constructed of resilient material,such as spring steel, and permit the platform to swing downwardunder theweight of the tire to the pos1t1on illustrated in Figure 3. In orderthat the tire 17 may be placed upon and removed from the platform 16with facilitv and withoutsubjecting the n emberltl to ex: cessive'strain by further depression of the rear end of the plat-form, themembers 14 are formed with curvatures 20 Whichprovidea clearance betweenthe platform and pair of overhead tire centering members 21 that exceeds the width of the tire v I V The members 21 are rigidly attached attheir upper ends to a framecross member 22, and are formed withshoulders 23and flanges 24 designedto engage respeotivelythe upper andinner surfaces of the rim 19. As clearly shown; in the drawings, theshoulders 23 are located at such a distance below the frame astoj'engage the rim .19 to hold the tire 17 in space relation to theframe.
Hooked through loosely fitting apertures 25 formediin the sidera'ils'll,there is a pair of dependlngrods 26. These'rods are adapted forinsertion within slots 27 formed in the ends of the'platform member 15,and carry on theirlower threaded ends star-shaped nuts 28 designedforengagement with, the lower surface of the member 15. As clearly shownin Figure 5, the nuts 28. are *formed with roundedupper ends 29 whichfitwithin complementary recesses 30 formedin the lower surface of-themember 15. This interen'gagement of the nuts 28 with the member lo iseffective in securing the rods 26 within I the slots27." I I To assemblea tire within the carrier with the parts occupying the positionsillustrated in Figurej3, the-tire is placed in centered positionupontheplatform 16, the rear end of the platform elevated and rods 26inserted withinhthessl'ots 27., after whichthe nuts 28 use to tiresof'the width illustrated, but may be utilized to carry tires of varyingsmaller widths. r 7
Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailedcharacter, in order that the invention may be completely set forth,
it is'to be understood that specific terminology is not intended to berestrictive or confining,
and that various rearrangements of the parts 1 and modifications instructural details may 10 be resorted to without departing from thescope of the invention claimed.- r 1 Having described our invention,what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. The combination with a vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom,said carrier comprising a resilient platform adapted to support a sparetire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platformfor supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to saidvehicle, means for re 7 leasably supporting the opposite end of saidplatform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and means forholding a tire' 5 upon said platform when said last named end of saidplatform is supported in the aforesaid position. V
2. The combination witha vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom,said carrier comprising a resilientplatform adapted to support asparetire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platformfor supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to saidvehicle, meansforreleasaloly supporting the opposite end of saidplatform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and meansdepending from said vehicle adapted to hold a tire upon saidpla t formwhen said last named end of said plat- 40 form is supported in theaforesaid position,
said platform being formed with a depression subjacent said last named'means by virtue of'which tires of large widths may be facilely placedupon or moved from said platform. 7 v e 3. The combination with avehicle of an underslung tire carrier suspended therefrom, saidtir'ecarrier comprising a resilient platformadapted to support a spare tire,means rigidly supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation tosaid vehicle, means pivotally attached to said vehicle adapted toVreleasably support the opposite "end of said 7 platform in a certainposition with respect to said vehicle, and means rigidly associated withsaid vehicle adapted to hold a -tire upon said platform when said lastnamed end of said platform is supported-in the aforesaid position. 3 rIn testimony whereof we'hereunto affixour signatures this 28th day ofNovember, 1928.
EDWIN H. SAVAGE.
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2024-03-22
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1928-11-30
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1931-03-24"
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|
US-48806443-A
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Locking means for pressure chamber doors
April 0, 1946. w. 1.. CULLEN 2,399,327
LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1943 2Sheets-Sheet l 56 .[NVENTOB a) MLL/AM LLOYD CULLEN MBA/1S", K/scw,Fosrzn 5/445):
ATTORNEYS April 1946- w. CULLEN I 2,399,327
LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1945 2Sheets-Sheet 2 I I [NVENTOB I VV/LL/AM LLOYD CULLEN 1} H HARRIS mac/4,FosrsR @MRR/S I ii w ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 30, 1946 LOCKING MEANS FORPRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS William Lloyd Cullen, Los Angeles, Calif.,assignmto Hughes Tool Company, Houston, Tex., a eor-' poration ofDelaware Application May 22, 1943, Serial No. 488,064
7 Claims.
- My invention relates to closure-securing means and is directedspecifically to the construction of means to lock the door of a pressurechamber.
The invention is being initially applied to the problem of locking arelatively large door through which large airplane sections must passinto a chamber for processing at superatmospheric pressure. It will beapparent, however, that the invention is widely applicable.
Since the force tending to open a circular door of a cylindricalpressure chamber varies as the square of the diameter of the door, anymeans designed for holding a relatively large door in closed positionmust be capable of withstanding forces of tremendous magnitude. If thefluid under pressure is gaseous, for example air or steam, the properdesigning of the door-retaining means is of special importance, sinceany structural failure may cost human lives.
The general object of my invention is to provide a simple, efficient,and safe means for retaining or looking such a door against fluidpressure.
One of the specific objects of my invention is to provide a door-lockingmeans having extensive zones of engagement, thereby to keep the unitstress of, the door-locking means at a low value relative to themagnitude of the total pressure against the door. In this regard, myinvention is characterized by the concept of providing a ring around thedoor adapted to expand from an inner position to an outer position, andvice versa, the ring at one of said positions providing forinterengagement between a circumferentially extensive locking surface onthe door and. a second circumferentially extensive locking surface onthe chamber.
In the preferred practice of my invention, the locking ring is split toprovide ring ends that may be moved apart to expand the ring and drawntoward each other to contract the ring. Certain objects of my inventionrelate to the provision of simple and efficient means for causing suchrelative movement between the ring ends. Among these objects are thefollowing: to provide means for multiplying manual force exerted by anoperator in moving the ring to lock the door; to provide such means inwhich the mechanical advantage for multiplication of the applied forceprogressively increases in the course of the locking operation; toprovide such means that is irreversible in the sense that thering-operating means is mechanically non-responsive to forces tending tomove the ring to its door-releasing position; and to provide such meansthat may be conveniently latched to hold the ring in its ineffectiveposition when the door is open.
In the preferred practice of my invention, a further object in mind isto provide an expansible ring that will have at least some wedgingaction to insure movement of the door to a desired closed position.
Another object of my invention is to provide a door-locking arrangementthat incorporates means to indicate whether or not the door is locked,the indicating means being perceptible at any desired point or pointsnear the door or remote from the door. Such an indicating means reducesthe possibility. of accidents, caused, for example, by introducing-fluidunder pressure into the chamber while the door is open or when thedoor-locking ring is not moved completely into its door-lockingposition.
A still further object of my invention is to provide safety means toprevent an operator from inadvertently releasing the door-locking meanswhile the chamber contains fluid at dangerous pressure.
The above and other objects and advantages of my invention will beapparent in the following description, taken with the accompanyingdrawings.
In the drawings, which are to be considered as merely illustrative:
Figure lis a plan view, partly in section, of a door at the end of acylindrical chamber incorporating my invention, the view being partlybroken away and partly in section for clarity;
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the door-locking ring and anassociated indicating circuit;
Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the door showing thedoor-locking mechanism;
Figure 4 is a similar section showing a switch in the indicatingcircuit;
Figure 5 is a similar section, taken as indicated by the line 5-5 ofFigure 1;
Figure 6 is a fragmentary view, taken as indicated by the arrow 6 inFigure 3, a portion of the wall structure being broken away to revealthe locking mechanism; and
Figure 7 is a wiring diagram of circuit means for controllin certainsafety locks in the preferred practice of my invention. 7
The drawings illustrate the invention as applied to a large cylindricalchamber, generally designated l0, having a semi-spherica1 door, gen-'erally designated l I, that is large enough to pass large wing sectionsand other structural parts of aircraft and the like. Such a chamber maybe employed for applying pressure, or pressure together with heat, forsetting adhesive plastic in the fabrication of airplane structure.
Since such a large door for withstandin high pressure is necessarily oftremendou weight, and since it is desirable to avoid the use of hinges,it is necessary to provide some power-actuated means for moving the doorinto and out of its closed position. For this purpose, Figure 1 shows aframe structure if! welded to the door. The frame structure i2 provideson each side of the door a plate I! and two flanges l5 for slidingengagement with vertical tracks I 6 made of channel-iron. The verticaltracks are part of a doorsupporting frame IT. The door-supporting frameI! is movable toward and away from the end of the chamber l0 under theguidance of guide bars II and is provided with a suitable hoist (notshown) for elevating and lowering the door when the door-supportingframe I 1 is spaced away from the open end of the cylindrical chamber.
As indicated in Figure 3, the chamber Hi has a relatively thick entrancewall 20 to receive telescopically a cylindrical wall portion 2| of thedoor II. On the inner side of the entrance wall 28 is welded a ring 22to provide a seat for a resilient ring 23 of rubber or other suitablematerial. The resilient ring 23 is postioned to serve as a bum'ier tocushion the closing action of the door II, but ii at any time thechamber is employed to develop a vacuum, the resilient ring may functionprimarily as a sealing means, atmospheric pressure exerted over theentire area or the door serving to urge the door against the resilientring in an air-ti ht manner.
If the chamber II is placed under super-atmospheric pressure, forexample by the introduction of steam as contemplated herein, leakagefrom the interior of the chamber is prevented by a secand resilientsealing ring 25 seated in an annular recess 26 in the entrance wall 20.This second sealing ring 25 is preferably of U-shaped cross section, asindicated, to form two annular sealing lips 21 having tapered edges.Such a U-shaped sealing ring may be backed up by a metal ring 28 and mayembrace a second metal ring ID that serves to hold the two sealing lips21 apart. Fluid pressure from the interior of the chamber Ill causes thetwo sealing lips'to tlex against the adjacent metal surfaces in aliquid-tight manner. Obviously, various sealing arrangements may beemployed to retain either a vacuum or superatmospheric pressure in thechamber when the door is closed.
My invention contemplates the provision of two circumterentiallyextensive shoulders for co0per ation with an expansible ring. Oneshoulder is provided by the chamber structure and faces toward theinterior of the chamber, while the other shoulder is provided by thedoor structure and faces outwardly of the chamber. When the rin isefiective to prevent outward movement at the door in response to chamberpressure, the outwardly-facing door shoulder presses against the ringand the ring, in turn, presses against the inwardly-facing shoulder ofthe chamber structure.
As best shown in Figure 4, a chamber shoulder 3| may be formed bycutting a circumferential recess 32 on the inside oi the entrance wall20 of the chamber, while a cooperative door shoulder 33 may be providedby cutting away the material of the cylindrical wall 2! or the door.
It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a ring forthe desired cooperation with the two shoulders SI and I! may be adaptedeither to expand out of engagement with the door shoulder 33 or tocontract out of engagement with the chamber shoulder 3|. In other words,the ring may either be mounted on the chamber structure to contract indiameter from an ineffective or door-releasing position intodoor-locking engagement with both the shoulders, or may be mounted onthe door for expansion in diameter from a door-releasing position intodoorlocking engagement with the two shoulders. In my preferredconstruction illustrated by the drawings, I choose to mount anexpansible ring 35 adjacent the door shoulder 33 for expansion into aposition for engaging both the door shoulder 33 and the chamber shoulderII.
The particular locking ring 35 shown in the drawings is divideddiametrically into upper and lower sections 36 and 31, respectively.Each of these two sections may carry a pin 38 (Figures 1 and 5) thatslidingly engages a radial slot II in an angular retaining clip ll.Other retaining clips 42, without such slots, may be placed at variouspoints around the door to loosely retain the locking ring 38 when thedoor is in open position.
In the present practice of the invention, I employ on each side of thedoor what may be termed a toggle lock, generally designated 0, theconstruction of which is best shown in Figures 3 and 8. Each toggle lockcomprises a pair of interconnected toggle links ll and 48, the link llbeing pivotally connected to a bracket 41 on the end of the upperlocking ring section I, and the link 48 being likewise pivotallyconnected to a bracket 48 on the lower locking ring section 31. Formanual control, the lower toggle link ll may be one arm of an operatinglever ll having a suitable handle 8|.
When the operating lever II is raised to locking position, as indicatedin Figure 6, the two toggle links 4! and I! move past center to providea positive lock with no reaction forces tending to throw the lock open.In other words, by arranging for the two toggle links to move pastcenter in expanding the ring, I provide what may be termed anirreversible linkage in the sense that any tendency of the ring sectionsto move together does not create any tendency tcrthe toggle links toswing to their door-releasing positions.
The two toggle locks 43 on opposite sides of the door are opened bysimply swinging the operating levers 50 downwardly, and, forconvenience, a suitable latch 52 may be provided to hold each togglelock open, thereby to hold the divided locking ring in radiallycontracted state. Each latch 52, as best shown in Figures 3 and 6, maycomprise simply a leaf-spring arm bent to form a suitable latchingshoulder 53 ior engagement with the associated operating lever SI, thearm being adapted for flexure out oi latching position.
Figures 1, 2, and 4 indicate how, in the preferred practice or myinvention, I may incorporate means to indicate whether or not thelooking ring 38 is in its effective position to hold the door ll closed.Four switches II may be placed at equally spaced positions around thecircumference of the entrance wall 20 of the chamber, each of theswitches having an operating plunger I8 that extends through a bore 81(Figure 4) in the entrance wall into the path of expansion of thelocking ring SI. These lour switches ll are closed only when the lockingring SI is properly expanded into its locking position so that failureof any one of the four switches to close indicates that the door II isnot properly locked.
As shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, the switches may be connected inseries by wires II, with one end or the series connected to a wire I andthe other end of the series connected to a wire I. A battery 82, orother suitable source of electromotive force, is shown with one terminalconnected to the wire 8. and the other terminal connected in parallel toindividual signal lamps i3 and t5, the two signal lamps being, in turn,individually connected to the wire II. It is apparent that, when thefour switches II are all closed by expansion of the locking ring II, the
two signal lamps i3 and BI will be energized to indicate that it is safeto introduce fluid under pressure into the chamber II. The two signallamps 63 and 65 may be at different stations, one station, for example,being near the entrance to the pressure chamber and the other stationbeing in a boiler room within sight of a valve employed for regulatingthe flow of steam into the chamber III.
In the preferred practice of my invention, 1 also incorporate suitablesafety means eifective automatically to prevent anyone frominadvertently unlocking the door while a hazardous condition exists withrespect to the interior of the chamber It, for example to prevent anyonefrom unlocking the door while the chamber is charged with fluid at adangerous pressure.
Figure 6 shows, by way of example, how the operating lever 50 may beprovided with a short extension 88 that is concentric with the axis ofrotation of the lever and is formed with a locking recess 81 forcooperation with a safety lock 8. The safety lock 68 is in the form of asolenoid mounted on the door by suitable screws II, which solenoid hasan operating plunger 1| to serve as a locking member for movement intoand out of the locking recess 61. It is contemplated that the plunger Hof the solenoid will be retracted from the locking recess when thesolenoid is de-energized and will automatically enter the recess toprevent opening movement of the lever 50 whenever the solenoid isenergized.
Figure '7 shows schematically how the two coils 12, respectively, of thetwo safety locks 80 that lie on opposite sides of the door H may beconnected in parallel between two wires ll and II. The wire I! isconnected to one terminal of a battery 11, or other suitableelectromotive source, and the other terminal of the battery is connectedto one side of a pressure-responsive switch II. The wire 16 is connectedto the other side of the switch It to complete the circuit. Wheneverfluid under pressure is introduced into the chamber it while the door IIis closed, with the two operating arms 50 in the position indicated inFigure 6. the switch ll responds to the chamber pressure by closing thecircuit shown in Figure '1, thereby energizing the two coils I! to causethe two safety locks 8| to lock the operating handles Bl against openingmovement. The safety locks it may be released only by causing thechamber pressure to drop to a safe level.
The manner in which the invention operates will be readily apparent fromthe foregoing description. when the door is moved into closed positionpreliminary to the processing of material in the chamber ID, theoperator swings each of the operating levers 50 upwardly to the positionshown in full lines in Figure 6. It will be noted that the operating arm{I is considerably longer than the toggle link ll, thereby multiplyingthe manual i'orce applied by the operator to the handle Ii. It will befurther noted that, by virtue of the toggle linkage, the are rangementprovides increasingly favorable leverage for the operator as-the handleSi is raised to fully locked position. In approaching the fully lockedposition shown in full lines in Figure 6, the two toggle links ll and Itswing past center, i. e., move the interconnectin toggle pin I! past astraight line defined by the axes of the two togslepinsllandll. v
It is to be noted in Figures 3, 4, and 5 that the expanslble ring I5 hasa wedging portion, or what may be termed a rounded leading edge It tocooperate with the chamber shoulder ii to wedge the door shut wheneverslight wedging action is required to shift the door to its final closedposition,
When it is safe to open the door after the chamber pressure has beenreduced at the end of a processing period, the operator swings the twooperating levers downwardly, thereby moving the associated parts to thepositions indicated by dotted lines in Figure 6. This downward movementcauses the operating arm 50 to be releasably engaged by the latch arm I!to hold the locking ring I! in contracted position so long as the dooris open. By providing the latch arm 52, I insure that the locking ring35 will not accidentally expand to interfere with subsequent closingaction of the door. The two latch arms 52 may be readily flexed torelease the operating handles it whenever desired.
The preferred practice of my invention described in detail herein willsuggest to those skilled in the art various changes and substitutionsunder my basic concept, and I reserve the right to all such departuresfrom my disclosure that properly lie within the scope of my appendedclaims.
I claim as my invention:
1. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to loci;the door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door.said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on awall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior ofthe chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner positionto an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned toclear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage'bothof said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock thedoor: and an indicating means responsive to expansion and contraction ofsaid ring to indicate whether or not the door is locked.
2. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door.said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber: a second shoulder on awall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior ofthe chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner positionto an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned toclear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage bothof said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock thedoor; an indicating circuit; signal means controlled by said circuit toindicate whether or not the door is locked; and a plurality of switchmeans in said circuit positioned at spaced points of said rin saidswitch means being responsive to expansion and contraction of said ringfor opening and -losing said circuit.
3. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction of the ring; means acting between saidseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position toan outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positionsclearing one of said shoulders and in the other of said positionsenaging both said shoulders to hold the door in closed position; anindicating circuit; switch means in said circuit responsive to expansionand contraction of said ring to open and close said ircuit; and signalmeans controlled by said circuit to indicate whether or not said ring isin the oosition to lock the door.
4. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising:- a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamher; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction of the ring; toggle means acting between saidseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner positionclearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of saidshoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move pastcenter in expanding the ring to lock the ring against forces tending tocontract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuitresponsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close thecircuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; and signalmeans in said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded intolocking position.
5. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction f the ring; toggle means acting between --saidseparable ends of the ring to expandthe ring from 1' inner positionclearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of saidshoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move pastcenter'in expanding the rin thereby to lock against forces tending tocontract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuitresponsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close thecircuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; signal meansin said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded into lockingposition; and latch means to hold said toggle means in ring-contractingposition to prevent closing of said switch means and consequentenergization of said indicating circuit, thereby preventing operation ofsaid signal means when said ring is contracted into unlocking position.
6. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door,said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on awall of the chamber facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ringsplit to provide separable ends; toggle means acting between theseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position toan outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positionsclearing one of said shoulders to permit opening of the door and at theother of said positions engaging both of said shoulders to lock thedoor; electrically-actuated safety means to lock said toggle meansagainst door-releasing movement; a circuit to energize said safetymeans: and a switch in said circuit, said switch being responsive topressure in said chamber to cause said safety means to lock said togglewhen the pres sure in the chamber rises above a predetermined va ue.
7. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to locksaid door, comprising: a shoulder provided on the exterior of said doorand facing outwardly; another shoulder provided on a wall of saidchamber and facing inwardly: locking means adapted to be moved to innerand outer positions with respect to said shoulders, said means clearingone of said shoulders in one of said positions and engaging both' ofsaid shoulders inthe other of said positions whereby to lock said door;electrically-actuated safety means to lock said locking means indoor-locking position; a circuit to energize said safety lock; and aswitch in said circuit responsive to pressure in said chamber to causesaid safety means to lock said locking means when a predeterminedpressure develops in said chamber.
WILLIAM LLOYD CULLEN.
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2024-03-22
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1943-05-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1946-04-30"
}
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US-49947265-A
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Dual fluid pressurizing mechanism
Nov. 28, 1967 F. R. YOST 3,354,539
DUAL FLUID PRESSURIZING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 21, 1965 HEAT EXCHANGE/PSQ; q VINVENTOR. 333 (\J FREDERICK R. Y0$T Q Q 3 BY @QWW ATTORNEY UnitedStates Patent Ofiflce 3,354,539 Patented Nov. 28, 1967 3,354,639 DUALFLUID PRESSURIZING MECHANISM Frederick R. Yost, Dayton, Ohio, assignorto General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich a corporation of DelawareFiled Oct. 21, 1965, Ser. No. 499,472 Claims. (Cl. 60-545) ABSTRACT OFTHE DISCLOSURE A brake mechanism including a dual master cylinderasembly having two completely independent fluid circuits, one fluidcircuit pressurizing one set of brakes and the other fluid circuitpressurizing another set of brakes, the fluid circuits being separatedin the master cylinder assembly by a chamber preventingcross-contamination of the two fluid circuits. The pressurizing pistonsfor the two circuits are arranged so that actuation of the second pistonis accomplished through movement of the first piston by a brake pedal. Aspring is provided which will withhold pressurizing movement of thesecond piston until some pressurization by the first piston hasoccurred, so as to accommodate a drum brake-disc brake combinationwherein the drum brake shoes must be moved outwardly by pressurizationof the first circuit to a certain pressure, although the disc brakesrequire no such movement prior to braking engagement. The mastercylinder assembly is disclosed as being arranged so that the brake fluidin the second circuit also is utilized as a brake cooling fluid in aseparate circuit, the second circuit and the cooling circuit having acommon fluid reservoir.
The invention relates to a mechanism for pressurizing fluid in separatefluid circuits, and more particularly to such mechanism when utilized asa master cylinder for a vehicle brake system. It has been common inrecent years to provide a vehicle with separate pressurizing systems forseparate pairs of brake units, such as the front brakes and the rearbrakes. Master cylinder assemblies recently utilized in productionvehicle have had the pressurizing pistons arranged in a tandem mannerwith one of the pressurizing chambers connected to the rear brake wheelcylinders and the other of the pressurizing chambers connected to thefront brake wheel cylinders. Since such systems have utilized the sametype of fluid in both circuits, a common fluid reservoir has often beenprovided. In some instances separate reservoirs have been provided onlybecause it is desirable from a safety standpoint to prevent the loss offluid from a correctly operating circuit because of a malfunction inanother fluid circuit. Little consideration has been given to thelikelihood of cross contamination of the two fluid circuits since thefluid in each circuit has been identical.
It is now proposed to provide a dual master cylinder having separatepressurizing chambers each connected to its own fluid circuit and withthe various chambers in the master cylinder so arranged that there is nopossibility of contaminating the fluid of one circuit with the fluid ofanother circuit. This is particularly desirable in instances wheredifferent types of fluid may be utilized in the two circuits. Themechanism embodying the invention provides for dual fluid circuits orsystems each having its own pressurizer, its own fluid reservoir, andits own conduits to the pressure operated members associated therewith.
A brake utilizing the invention is particularly advantageous when ahybrid brake arrangement is provided such as the use of disc brakes onone set of wheels and drum brakes on the other set of wheels. It isadvantageous for several well known reasons in such a hybrid arrangementto provide disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rearwheels. Since these two types of brakes have different operatingcharacteristics and requirements, it is deirable to provide differentmaster cylinder pressurizing charcteristics for each set of brakes. Amaster cylinder mechanism embodying the invention permits theutilization of a constant bore housing but provides for changing thepressurization timing and rate for one set of brakes as compared to theother set of brakes so that the brakes may be balanced in actuation. Inin stances where one set of brakes, for example, require an initialpressurization in order to position the brake shoes for engagement witha brake friction surface, the mechanism embodying the invention providesfor this initial pressurization and withholds pressurization of theother set of brakes at a predetermined rate relative to pressurizationof the one set of brakes.
The invention also provides for the pressurizing movement of thesecondary pressurizing piston to a suflicient extent to disconnect thesecondary fluid pressurizing chamber from its fluid reservoir, thuspositioning it for immediate fluid pressurizing action, whilewithholding such action until the primary fluid pressurizing piston hasbeen displaced a suflicient amount to pressurize fluid in the primaryfluid pressurizing chamber to a predetermined value. This isadvantageous when the primary pressurizing chamber is connected toactuate drum brakes with shoes which must be moved into contact with thebrake drums against the force of retraction springs while the secondarypressurizing chamber is connected to actuate disc brakes which maintainthe brake pads in light engagement with the disc at all times.
It is also a feature of the invention to provide for pressurizationforce for one set of brakes to be applied primarily through fluidpressurization of fluid in the pressurizing chamber connected with theother set of brakes. In addition, provision is made for thepressurization of one set of brakes mechanically; should for some reasonpressurization of fluid in the pressurizing chamber for the other set ofbrakes be insuflicient to provide the necessary actuating force.
Mechanism embodying the invention is particularly advantageous when onefluid pressurizing circuit requires a fluid cooling arrangement. Such acircuit often uses a mineral oil based fluid which must not be allowedto become contaminated or to contaminate the other fluid circuit whichmay have a non-mineral oil based fluid therein. The mechanism providesdistinctly diflerent mechanism and methods of replacing fluid in eachcircuit so that inadvertent cross contamination is unlikely to occur.
In the drawing:
The figure is a cross section view of a dual fluid pressurizingmechanism embodying the invention in a master cylinder construction fora vehicle having separate front and rear brake ssytems, such systemsbeing schematically illustrated.
The mechanism in which the. invention is embodied is a dual mastercylinder assembly. The housing 12 is divided into a rear section 14 anda front section 16 which are suitably fastened together. The rearsection contains the mechanism for pressurizing fluid conducted throughthe conduit 18 to the wheel cylinders 20 of the wheel brake assemblies22. These brake assemblies are schematically illustrated as being drumbrakes and in the system embodiment shown in the drawing are the rearbrakes of the vehicle. The front housing section 16 contains mechanismfor pressurizing fluid delivered through conduit 24 to the wheelcylinder assemblies 26 of the wheel brake assemblies 28. The brakeassemblies 28 are illustrated as being disc brakes with the wheelcylinders 26 being provided in a suitable caliper arrangement. In thesystem embodiment shown, the wheel brake assemblies 28 are the frontbrakes of the vehicle.
A bore 30 is provided in the housing 12 with its open end 32 being atthe rear of the rear housing section and its closed forward end 34 beingat the front of the front housing section. A rear portion 36 of thefront housing is enlarged to provide a chamber 38 therein whichinterrupts the bore 30 so that the bore is divided into a rear section40 and a front section 42.
The rear housing section 14 is formed to include 'a reservoir chamber 44which has compensating ports 46 and 48 and pressure relief port 50connecting with the rear bore section 40. A primary piston 52 ispositioned in the rear bore section 40 so that the push rod '54 extendsthrough the bore open end 32 and engages the piston for pistonactuation. The push rod 54 is connected to a suitable brake actuationmember which is schematically illustrated as the brake pedal assembly56. A suitable.
brake booster may be provided for actuation of the master cylinder inappropriate circumstances. The primary piston 54 is spool shaped so thata fluid compensation chamber 58 is provided between the end lands of thepiston and is always connected with the compensation port 48 andtherefore with the fluid reservoir chamber 44. A suitable stop such assnap ring 60 provides a rear 10- cater for the release position of thepiston 52. The forward end of piston 52 has a boss 62 about which isreceived a pressure cup 64 and a cup backup disc 66. Suitablecompensation passages 68 are formed through the forward piston land sothat the cup 64, disc 66 and passages 68 cooperate to compensate therear pressurizing chamber in the well known manner- A spring seat 70abuts the forward end of boss 62 and a piston extension 72 is threadedinto'a recess in the boss so that it extends forwardly into the primarypressurizing chamber 74. A spring retainer 76, which is gen-. erallyhat-shaped, has its rear or crown end received about piston extension 72and normally engages the enlarged head 78 of the extension 72. Apreloaded compression spring Sit-extends between the spring seat 70 andthe forward or brim end of the spring retainer 76. The spring retainer76 and the spring 80 are also located in the primary pressurizingchamber 74.
An intermediate push rod 82 is positioned within bore 30 and extendsthrough chamber 38 and into bore sections 40' and 42. The rear end ofrod 82 has a head 84 formed thereon so that it acts as a piston in theforward end of rear bore rear section 40. The head is grooved andreceives a suitable seal 86 which engagesthe bore wall. The head has aboss 88 extending rearwardly so that the forward end of spring retainer76 fits thereabout'and engages the rear side of the flange 90 forming apart of the head The forward, end of bore rear section 40 has a seal 92mounted therein which cooperates with the rod head 90 to provide asubstantially unpressurized fluid chamber 94. This'chamber is connectedthrough relief port 50 with the reservoir chamber 44.
'The portion of push rod 82 extending forwardly beyond seal 92 isprovided with a shoulder 96 against which .a. washer. 9.8 is positioned.Thewasher is. slightly. dish.
shaped with the rim thereof extending forwardly and is held in positionby an O ring 100 the push rod 82. The O ring 100 has a slightly greatercross section diameter than the amount of the depression provided in thewasher 98 for reasons to be described. A compression spring 102 isreceived within chamber 38 of the housing forward section 16. Theforward end of the spring 102 rests against a housing wall 104 whichextends outwardly from the portion of the housing in which the boreforward section 42 is formed and is positioned slightly forward of therear end, 106 of the bore forward section. The rear end of spring 102engages a spring seat 108 which is a dished washer received about pushrod 82 adjacent the O ring 100 and is slidably movable relative to theintermediate push rod. The dished depression of spring seat .108 opensrearwardly and is sufficiently large to be received about a projectingforward end 110 of the rear housing section adjacent the positionwherein seal 92 is retained. An annular gasket 112 of a suitableresilient material such as a synthetic rubber fits between the forwardand rear housing sections so that chamber 38 is sealed at this point.The gasket 112 is also of sufficient radial width to be engaged by theouter annulus 114 ofthe spring seat 108. It can be seen that the O ring100. and the gasket 112 act as silencers or snubbers so that when thewasher 98 is moved forwardlywith rod 82 into. engagement with springseat 108, a silent connection is first made as the O ring is compressed,and when the. spring seat 108 moves rearwardly until its annulus 114engages the gasket 112 a silent engagement is obtained.
The bore forward section 42 has a secondary pressurizing piston 116received therein andprovided with a suitable cup 118 and cup disc 120 ontheforward end thereof so that the piston assembly cooperates with theforward end of the bore section to provide a secondary prmsurizingchamber 122. A piston return spring 124 is positioned within chamber 122and urges the. piston rearwardly so that in the released position thecup 118 whats the compensating port 126. Piston 116 is a spool typepiston so that it defines an annular substantially unpressurized chamber128 which is sealed from chamber 38Jby the piston rear seal 130. Ansnapring 1'32 positioned at the rear end of the bore forward section 42, andadjacent chamber 38, provides a rear stop for the piston 116. Theintermediate push rod 82 engages piston 116 for pressuizing forcetransmission thereto. The housing section 16 is also formed to providethe fluid reservoir chamber 134 Compensation port 126 is connected withchamber 134 and; when piston 116 is in the full release position, com
municates fluid to the pressurizing chamber 122. Another compensationport 136 maintains reservoir chamber 134 in continuous fluidcommunication with the substantially unpressurized chamber 128. v 7
In many applications in which the master cylinder assembly embodying theinvention is utilized, it is desirable to maintain the brake fluid forthe set of br-akcsconnected to secondary pressurizing chamber 122 coolerby means of a heat exchange arrangement than it would otherwise bemaintained. Therefore, the reservoir chamber 134' in such instances isprovided with a fluid outlet passage 138 which is connected to the inletof a pump 140 through a heat exchanger or cooler 142. The cooled fluidis returned to the reservoir through fluid inlet 144. The fluid circuitcontaining reservoir 134 is a secondary circuit with a very low flowrate as is suflicient only to maintain a satisfactory level in thereservoir. The primary circuit is used to cool the brakes of brakeassemblies 28. Therefore brake assern blies 28 have suitable coolingfluid passages therein connected in series with pump 140 and heatexchanger 142 through which a higher flow rate is maintained at leastwhen the brakes are energized. A suitable reservoir and refillarrangement is provided as a part of the cooling circuit. This systemhas an additional advantage in that the reservoir chamber 134 may besealed by cap and seal which fits tightly about 7 assembly 146 in such amanner than the chamber may not be readily opened and refilled with thewrong type of fluid. This is particularly important when the nature ofthe front and rear brakes requires that two different fluids be used inthe actuation of the wheel brake cylinders, with such fluid beingmineral oil in the front brake system and non-mineral oil in the rearbrake system for example. A mechanic can readily refill the systemutilizing standard hydraulic brake fluid by removing the vented coverand diaphragm assembly 148 for reservoir chamber 44, but cannot readilyremove the cap and seal assembly 146 for reservoir chamber 134. Insteadthe cooling circuit may be refilled at the pump, as is now common forpower steering systems, or other suitable refill arrangements may bepovided. There is therefore little likelihood of accidentallycontaminating one fluid system or circuit with a fluid which belong inthe other system or circuit. In addition, the provision of the bufferchamber 38 between the two pressurizing sections assures the maintenaceof the fluid circuits in a non-cross contaminant condition. The bulferor anti-contaminant chamber 38 is preferably provided with anatmospheric vent or drain 150 so that if any fluid manages to leak pasteither of the seals 92 and 132, such fluid will be discharged and willnot enter either of the fluid circuits. The possibility of fluid leakinginto chamber 38 is minimized by the arrangement of the various fluidchambers in bore 30. Starting from the rear of bore 30 and workingforward, the chambers are arranged so that there is a substantiallyunpressurized chamber 58, the primary pressurizing chamber 74, and asubstantially unpressurized chamber 94, each containing fluid of thetype found in the reservoir chamber 44. The chambers 58 and 94 arealways connected with reservoir chamber 44 and are therefore atsubstantially atmospheric pressure at all times. There is littlelikelihood that fluid at atmospheric pressure will leak to theatmosphere past the seals provided for these chambers. Continuingforwardly in the bore, the buffer chamber 38 is provided, and then thesubstantially unpressurized chamber 128, ending with the pressurizingchamber 122. Thus chambers 74 and 122, which contain high fluidpressures at various times, are not positioned directly adjacent theanti-contaminant or buffer chamber 38 but are separated therefrom bysubstantially unpressurized brake fluid-containing chambers.
The master cylinder embodying the invention has a take-apart and serviceseparate capability which is not found in prior constructions. Byremoving suitable fastening means holding the housing front section 16and the rear section 14 together, the front section may be entirelyremoved from the rear section and serviced independently. Similarly, bysplitting the housing at this point, the rear section may be removed andserviced independently of the front section.
In the particular brake system shown in the drawing, wherein drum brakesare used at the rear wheels and disc brakes at the front wheels of avehicle, it is necessary to provide means of withholding hydraulicactuation pressure from the front brakes until the rear brakes springbias is nearly overcome. This bias occurs because the rear brake shoeretractor springs must be overcome and the brake shoes must be movedoutwardly to engage the brake drum by relatively small area wheel brakecylinders, as compared to the large front brake piston apply area. Also,disc brakes which may be utilized often have no retractor springs, butpermit the brake pads to ride lightly on the disc at all times. Thiswithholding action is accomplished by the provision wherein brakeactuation by the operator causes force to be transmitted through pushrod 54 t0 piston 52, through the preloaded spring 80 to rod head 84,until the O ring 100 and then the washer 98 engage the spring seat 108.This movement is suflicient to move secondary pressurizing piston 116forwardly so that compensation port 126 is closed by cup 118. Thus theinitial force for this purpose is applied through the preloaded spring80. There is also an additional force applied to the 6. rod head 84since piston 52 will move to close port 46 by cup 64 and will slightlypressurize fluid in the primary pressurizing chamber 74. As additionalforce is transmitted to piston 52, fluid is further pressurized inchamber 74 and builds up to an amount suflicient to overcome theretractor springs of the brakes 22, so that the shoes are moved intoengagement with the brake drum. The preload force on spring 102 issuflicient to prevent further forward movement of the intermediate pushrod 28 until suflicient brake pressure is provided in chamber 74 forthis purpose. Additional brake force applied through push rod 54 thenbuilds up additional fluid pressure in chamber 74 which will causespring 102 to yield and pressure to be built up in the secondarypressurizing chamber 122 for the front brakes. The provision of spring102 will cause the pressure to be built up in the front brakes in thesecondary pressurizing chamber at a different rate, from the build-up ofpressure in pressurizing chamber 74. The relative rates of pressurebuildup may be regulated by the provision of a suitable spring 102. Whengreater rate of pressure buildup is required for the front set ofbrakes, as may occur when similar brakes are utilized on both front andrear wheels of a vehicle, the primary pressurizing chamber 74 may thenbe connected to the front brakes and the secondary chamber to the rearbrakes.
What is claimed is:
1. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first andsecond fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluidpressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively havingfirst and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers adjacentthereto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in saidhousing means, said first and second fluid circuits respectively havingfirst and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectively with saidfirst and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers and alsorespectively fluid connected with said first and second fluidpressurizing chambers when unpressurized, means responsive topressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chamber todisconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoir andsaid second fluid pressurizing chamber, means acting on saidpressurizing actuation responsive means and withholding pressurizingactuation of said second fluid pressurizing chamber until apredetermined pressure level is reached in said first fluid pressurizingchamber, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber positioned betweensaid substantially unpressurized fluid chambers in said housing means.
2. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first andsecond fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluidpressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively havingfirst and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers adjacentthereto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in saidhousing means, said first and second fluid circuits respectively havingfirst and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectively with saidfirst and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambers and also.respectively fluid connected with said first and second fluidpressurizing chambers when unpressurized, means responsive topressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chamber todisconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoir andsaid second fluid pressurizing chamber, said pressurizing actuationresponsive means being responsive to pressure increase in said firstfluid pressurizing chamber above a predetermined level to pressurizedfluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber in accordance with saidpressure increase, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber positionbetween said substantially unpressurized fluid chambers in said housingmeans.
3. A two fluid pressurizing system comprising housing means, first andsecond fluid circuits respectively including first and second fluidpressurizing chambers in said housing means and respectively havingfirst and second stantially unpressurized zuid chambers and alsorespectiveto and positioned between said pressurizing chambers in saidhousing means, 'said first and second 'fluid circuits respectivelyhaving first and second fluid reservoirs fluid connected respectivelywith said first and second substantially unpressurized fluid chambersand also respectively fluid connected with said first and second fluidpressurizing chambers'when unpressurized, means responsive topressurizing actuation of said first fluid pressurizing chambertodisconnect the fluid connection between said second fluid reservoirand said second fluid pressurizing cham: her, said pressurizingactuation responsive means being responsive to pressure increase in saidfirst fluid-pressurizing chamber above a predetermined level topressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamberin accord:ance with said pressure increase, means causing the rate of pressureincrease in said second fluid pressurin'ng chamber to be at a differentrate from the rate of pressure increase in said first fluid pressurizingchamber, and a fluid circuit anti-contaminant chamber position betweensaid substantially unpressurized fluid chambers .in said housing means.
4. A fluid pressuresystem comprising' first and second separate fluidpressure circuits respectively having first and second fluidpressurizing chambers and first and second pressurizing pistonsrespectively in said chambers, force applying means for moving saidfirstpressurizing piston in "a direction for pressurizing fluid,pressurizingforce transmitting means interconnecting said pressurizingpistons and including a push rod having a head forming a movable wall ofsaid first pressurizing chamber and a preloaded spring mechanicallyengaging said rod headand said first piston, first and secondsubstantially unpressurized chambers respectivelyadjacent andintermediate said pressurizing chambers, and a buffer chamber separatingsaid substantially unpressurized chambers, said rod extending throughsaid first substantially unpressurized chamber and said buffer chamberand engaging said second piston.
5. The fluid pressure system of claim 4, said preloaded springmechanically transmitting an initial force from said first piston tosaid push rod and pressurization of fluid in said first pressurizingchamber by movement of said first piston acting on-said rod headtransmitting additional force-to said .push'rod, said initialforce-being a predetermined amount sufiicient to move said second pistonto pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber to apredetermined pressure level, said additional force acting on saidsecond piston through said push rod to further pressurize fluid in saidsecond fluid pressurizing chamber.
6. The fluid pressure system of claim further comprising lost motionforce transmitting means intermediate said first piston and said rod'head and mechanically connecting said first piston and said rod head inforce transmitting relation upon a predetermined movement of said firstpiston toward and relative to said rod head for-the transmission offurther force therebet-ween.
7. The fluid pressure system of ;claim 5 further comprising secondpiston pressurizing force resisting means 'in said :bufier'chamberhaving a lost motion connection with said push rod and connectedtherewith in force resisting relation nponsufficient movement of saidpush rod in response to .said initial --force moving said second pistonto pressurize fluid in said second fluid pressurizing chamber to saidpredetermined pressure level, .said force resisting means beingyieldable to said additional force at a predetermined rate to establisha lower rate of pressure vgeneration in saidsecond fluid pressurizingchamber than --in said first fluid pressurizing chamber.
,8. A brake master cylinder assembly comprising a housing having a boretherein and a first chamber dividing said bore intoa primary section andasecondary section, a a primary fluid reservoir and a secondary fluidreservoir respectively fluid connected with said primary and secondary:hore sections, said primary .bore section having :a
' primary piston and an intermediate piston therein defining.therebetween .a primary pressurizing chamber aselectively fluidconnectedwith said .zprimary fluid .reservoir, 7
said secondary bore section having ,a secondary piston :therein anddefining therewith'a secondary pressurizing chamber axiallyopposite saidchamberfromsaid primary pressurizing chamber and selectivelyfluidconnected with said secondary fluid reservoir, first brake fluidpressure outlet means for said primary pressurizing chamber and secondbrake fluid outletmeans for said secondary :pressulizing chamber, sealmeans in said primary .bore section adjacent said first chamber, anintermediate'vpush -.r.o d
i mechanically connecting said intermediate piston and said secondarypiston and extending through said seal means and said first chamber,said seal means and said intermediate piston defining a' firstunpressurized fluid chamber in said primary bore section fluidconnectedto'saidprimary fluid reservoir, and said secondary piston having :a.circumferentially extending'groove cooperating with said secondary boresection between said. first chamber and said secondary pressurizingchamber to define a second unpressurized fluid chamber fluid connected.to said secondary fluid reservoir.
9. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 8, said primary reservoirhaving removably sealed cover means permitting fluid replenishmentthereof and said secondary fluid reservoir having a fluid inlet and afluid outlet adapted to be connected in series to a fluid pump inlet andoutlet "and a fluid heat exchange.
10. The .brake master cylinder assembly of claim 9 in combination vwitha brake cooling circuit having: a fluid :cooling pump havinga pump inletand a pump outlet, a heat exchanger, and fluid cooled brakes .actuatable by pressurized brake fluid from said secondary pressurizingchamber; said secondary fluid reservoir having ,a fluid inlet and afluid outlet connected inseries with said fluid cooling pump and saidheat exchanger.
11. The combination of claim 10 wherein said .fluid cooled brakes areconnected .in series with said fluid cooling pump and said heatexchanger but in parallel with said secondary fluid reservoir.
12. The brake mastercylinder assembly of claim .8, further comprising apreloaded spring extendingbetween .said primary piston an saidintermediate piston and .pro-
viding force limiting mechanical force-transmitting means in cooperationwith said intermediate piston and said intermediate push rod betweensaid primary piston and said secondarypiston whereby pressurizingmovement of said primary piston is transmitted to said secondary pistonto close the connection between said secondary fluid reservoir and saidsecondary pressurizing chamber substantially concurrently with theclosing of the connection of said primary pressurizing chamber and saidprimary fluid reservoir by movement of said primary piston.
13. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 12, said intermediatepush rod having an abutment thereon, :a compression spring in saidfirstchamber having a'spring seat axially movable relative to saidintermediate push .=rod, said abutment having a lost motion relation tosaid spring seat whereby the lost motion thereof is taken up by thesecondary pressurizing chamber disconnecting movement of saidintermediate push rod, said first chamber compression spring withholdingfurther movement of said intermediate push rod and therefore of saidsecondary piston until a predetermined pressure buildup occurs in saidprimary pressurizing chamber and acting on said intermediate piston,after which said first chamber compression spring permits secondarypiston pressurizing movement of said intermediate push rod and saidsecondary piston by pressure in said primary pressurizing chamber topressurize fluid in said secondary pressurizing chamber at apredetermined rate relative to the rate :of pressurization of fluid insaid primary pressurizing chain rber.
14. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 13, References Citedsaid intermediate push rod abutment including a shoulder UNITED STATESPATENTS and a washer engaging said shoulder and an O-rlng extendingaxially intermediate said washer and said spring 2,640,324 6/1953 SPahn6054-6 seat, said O-ring providing substantially silent engage- 53,245,726 4/1966 Stelzer 60-545 X ment between said abutment and saidspring seat.
15. The brake master cylinder assembly of claim 13, FOREIGN PATENTS theend of said first chamber adjacent said primary bore 9 8 Great Britain.
section having a rubber-like gasket received in the end 1 thereof andengageable with said spring seat whereby l0 MARTIN SCHWADRON, PrimaryExamine!- movement of said spring seat toward said primary bore ROBERTBUNEVICH, Examiner section causes said spring seat to engage saidrubber-like gasket in silent engaging relation.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No.3,354,639 November 28, 1967 Frederick R. Yost It is hereby certifiedthat error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction andthat the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 1, line 43, for "vehicle" read vehicles column 2, line 63, for"ssytems" read systems column 4, line 39, for "celars" read clears line43, for "An" read A column 5, line 15 for "povided" read H providedcolumn 6, line 67, for "pressurized" read H pressurize line 69, for"position" read positioned line 75, for "stantially unpressurized zuidchambers and also respective" read substantially unpressurized fluidchambers adjacent column 7, line 1, for "to" read thereto line 19, for"position" read positioned column 8, line 29, for "exchange" readexchanger line 44 for "an" read and Signed and sealed this 14th day ofJanuary 1969.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissionerof Patents
1. A TWO FLUID PRESSURIZING SYSTEM COMPRISING HOUSING MEANS, FIRST ANDSECOND FLUID CIRCUITS RESPECTIVELY INCLUDING FIRST AND SECOND FLUIDPRESSURIZING CHAMBERS IN SAID HOUSING MEANS AND RESPECTIVELY HAVINGFIRST AND SECOND SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS ADJACENTTHERETO AND POSITIONED BETWEEN SAID PRESSURIZING CHAMBERS IN SAIDHOUSING MEANS, SAID FIRST AND SECOND FLUID CIRCUITS RESPECTIVELY HAVINGFIRST AND SECOND FLUID RESERVOIRS FLUID CONNECTED RESPECTIVELY WITH SAIDFIRST AND SECOND SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS AND ALSORESPECTIVELY FLUID CONNECTED WITH SAID FIRST AND SECOND FLUIDPRESSURIZING CHAMBERS WHEN UNPRESSURIZED, MEANS RESPONSIVE TOPRESSURIZING ACTUATION OF SAID FIRST FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER FLUIDRESERVOIR AND SAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING SECOND FLUID RESERVOIR ANDSAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER, MEANS ACTING ON SAIDPRESSURIZING ACTUATION RESPONSIVE MEANS AND WITHHOLDING PRESSURIZINGACTUATION OF SAID SECOND FLUID PRESSURIZING CHAMBER UNTIL APREDETERMINED PRESSURE LEVEL IS REACHED IN SAID FIRST FLUID PRESSURIZINGCHAMBER, A FLUID CIRCUIT ANTI-CONTAMINANT CHAMBER POSITIONED BETWEENSAID SUBSTANTIALLY UNPRESSURIZED FLUID CHAMBERS IN SAID HOUSING MEANS.
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2024-03-22
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1965-10-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-11-28"
}
|
US-1913763608-A
|
Game-registering cabinet.
H. B. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. AIPLIGATION FILED33.25, 1913.
1,085,494. Patented Jan. 27, 1914.
' 4 snnms-snnm 2.
Svwwviomg q VHnunw/o W Q QM 9 COLUMBIA I'LANDGRAPH C0 ,WASHINGTON, n. t.
H. B. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. APPLICATION FILEDAPR.25, 1913.
3 A\ .5 &
ami knew Patented Jan. 27, 1914.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
ammo c6 EE- zs'chn'u'cz 5741C? .ZYL Tux 118718,
Gum;
COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co., WASHINGTON, u. c.
H. E. SCHMIDT & M. W. ARENS. GAME REGISTERING CABINET. APPLIOATION TILEDAPB.25, 1913.
494 Patented Jam 27, 1914.
I 4 SHBETS-SHEBT 4.
lwuwvliOI/S JZE {Tel/nail? and COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH co.. WASHINGTON, o. c
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HERMAN E. SCHMIDT AND MATTHEW W. ARENS, 0F SELBY, SOUTH DAKOTA.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, HERMAN E. SCHMIDT ARENS, citizens of the residingat Selby, 1n the all of the essential registering elements beinggoverned, directly or indirectly by a single master-control elementdesigned for actuation through the use of a suitable key, whereby theentire operation of the registering elements is prevented except upondue. authorized use of the key.
The main object of the present invention is the provision of a cabinetof this type in which the balls for use in the game are normally securedin their racks, and released for playing purposes only by use of theproper key, such key serving at the same time, if desired to registerthe number of the particular game, the time registering element beingset in operation with a man ual movement of a. key, which key is lockedagainst return movement except following a further actuation of themaster-control element.
The invention in the preferred form of details will be described in thefollowing specification, reference being had particular to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of the improved cabinet. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same. Fig. 3is an en larged section on line 33 of Fig. 2, the score registeringelement being shown in normal or inoperative position. Fig. 4 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 3 with the score registering element in operativeposition. Fig. 5 is a section on line 55 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a sectionon line 66 of Fig. 2. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are detail views of thecontrolling means for the time register. Fig. 10 is a Specification ofLetters Patent.
Application filed April 25, 1913.
Patented Jan. 27,1914. Serial No. 763,608.
face View of the time registering dial. Fig. 1is a face view of the gameregistering c 1a In the preferred form of the invention, as shown in thedrawings, the improved cabinet comprises an upper inclosed section 1,and a lower open section 2, the latter depending from the former andbeing preferably in the form of racks 3 to receive and support the balls4: with which the games are played.
Arranged within the section 1 of the cabinet is the scoring register,including a series of rows, each made up of a series of successivelynumbered tablets designed to be operated by push buttons, and whenoperated to expose the particular number on the tablet to indicate thescore. Each tablet is identical in construction and operation with everyother tablet, and a detail description of one will sufiice for all. Eachof said mechanisms include a right angle lever 5 provided at one endwith a disk or tablet 6, bearing a number and at the opposite end with alaterally projecting pin 7. The levers 5 of each row are pivotallymounted upon a rod 8 supported in brackets 9, se cured to the innersurface of the front wall of the section 1, spacing sleeves 10 beingarranged intermediate the respective levers, so that the numbered disk 6of each operates in rear of an opening 11 formed in such front wall. Anoperating bar 12 is provided for each angle lever 5, said bar in eludinga rod like member 13, which projects through an opening 14 in the wallof the section 1, and is provided beyond the wall with a push button 15.The operating bar also includes a locking section 16 formed with arecess 17 to receive the pin 7 of the lever 5 and with a locking notch18 to cooperate with the edge of a locking bar 19. The locking bar 19comprises a flat strip slidably mounted in guide sections 20 of brackets21 secured to the inner surface of the front wall of the casing. Thebrackets are so connected to the casing that the looking bar, which itwill be understood, cooperates with the scoring members of one row, ismovable at right angles to the path of movement of the operating bar 12of each counter. Springs 22 connected to the brackets 21 and to thelocking bar serve to maintain the latter in operative position, and toreturn the bar to such-position when operated to release the actuatedcounters, as will hereinafter appear. A coil spring is terminallyconnected to the angle lever in advance of the pivot and to the rod 13of the operating bar, and a stop member in the form of a rod 24 issecured to the casing in position to overlie the angle levers of onerow, and form a limit for the upward movement. of the disk carriedsection of said lever.
In the operation of the scoring or counting register, it will beunderstood that a particular push button, or that push buttoncorresponding to the number of points made in the particular play, ispressed inwardly, the operating bar is moved inwardly, rocking the anglelever 5 on its pivot until the numbered disk 6 is exposed through theopening 11, thus indicating the number of points. In this movement thelocking notch 18 in the operating bar engages over the edge of thelocking bar 19, and the coil. spring 28 compressed, thus holding thenumbered disk exposed, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings.
The time registering structure, utilized when the game to be played isto be paid for in accordance with the time required for such game,includes a clock work mechanism arranged within the upper section orusing 1 of the cabinet, preferably near the top thereof. This mechanism,aside from the specific details noted may be of any type desired, theordinary spring type being shown. F or the purposes of the present invention, one of the main arbors 25 of the clock train is provided with apinion 26, and beyond the pinion is extended to loosely receive a sleeve27 on which at one end there is secured an indicating dial 28 and on theopposite end a gear 29. The indicating dial, shown more particularly inFig. 10 is provided with an edge series of numerals 30 adapted to besuccessively exposed through an opening 31 in the front wall of thecasing. Preferably the numerals are arranged in multiples of 5, thoughit is to be understood that any style or character of time registeringmay be used on the dial, the present instance of course, indicating bythe numerals exposed the cash amount due for the time utilized in thegame up to that point.
For the purposes of the present invention, means must be providedwhereby the clock train may be started and stopped only by theauthorized person, in order that the full period utilized in the gamemay be registered. To this end we arrange in an appropriate part of theclock train what we term a controlling wheel 32 having a periphery offriction material. A lever is pivotally mounted adjacent such wheel,having One end thereof provided with a friction tab 35 to overlie theperiphery of the wheel 32, a spring 86 cooperating with said lever tonormally hold the operative end thereof in such frictional engagementwith the wheel as to hold the clock train against operation. Theopposite end of the lever is connected by a flexible connector 37 withthe angle lever 5 of a device similar in all respects to one of thecounting mechanisms heretofore described, except that this timeregistering controlled button is without the numbered disk, beingpreferably arranged in line with and as one of the upper row of scoringregistering elements. To control the connection of the dial with themechanism of the clock train, we mount on a frame bar as 38 of suchframe, a stub shaft 39, and arrange upon said stub shaft a sleevesection 40 carrying a gear 41, adapted when in operative position tomesh with the pinion 26 of the clock train, said sleeve also carrying apinion 42 which is at all times in mesh with the gear 2S) having fixedrelation with the dial. A spring 43 is arranged to encircle the stubshaft between the sleeve 40 and the frame bar 38, said spring operatingto normally hold the gear 41 out of mesh with the pinion 26. A bracket44- is secured to the rear wall of the casing 1 and supports an anglelever 45 having one forked at 4.6 to engage the stub shaft 39, and theopposite end provided with a liexible connector 47 having one end connected to the angle lever 5 of the time registering control button towhich the connector 37 is attached.
From this construction itwill be obvious that in the actuation of thetime registering control button the levers 34 and 45 will be operated torelease the brake and simultaneously connect the dial with the clocktrain, and that such button will be locked against opposite movementuntil released by actuation of the master-control element, as will laterappear. It is of course to be understood that the gearing arrangedbetween the clock train and the dial is such as to cause said dial to beproperly operated by the clock train, that is to expose its proper cashindicating amount in accordance with the time occupied. Ne contemplatein this connection the use of any indicating data on the dial, it beingunderstood that the movement of the dial. will be governed in accordancewith such data, that is to say will accurately register the cash amount,the time employed, or any other desired data.
The game register, that is the device for registering the number ofgames played includes a dial 4S rotatably mounted in the upper portionof the casing 1 and bearing a. series of concentric numerals 49successively exposed through an opening 50 in the front wall of thecasing. A toothed disk 51 is secured to the dial, the teeth beingarranged in the path of movement of the lever 52 pivotally supported at53 in the casing, and operated from the master-control element to aflexible connection 54. A release dog 55 is mounted on the casing wallin position to engage the tooth in rear of that tooth engaged by thelever 52, said release dog normally preventing retrograde movement ofthe dial, said dog being connected with the master-control elementthrough flexible connections 56, 57 and an angle lever 58 pivotallysupported on the casing wall. A stop to limit the movement of the dialto one revolution, is provided, by securing an arm 59 to the tootheddisk and having one end offset to avoid interference with the dog andlever and adapted to engage a pin 60 projecting from the casing wall.
The invention also contemplates a means for locking the balls 4 in theracks 3, said means including a frame comprising uprights 61 connectedby cross bars 62, there being one such cross bar for each ball rack. Theuprights extend through the bottom of the casing and within the latterare mounted in guides 63 between one of which and the headed end 64 ofeach upright is arranged a coil spring 65. Each upright within thecasing is notched at 66, and a spring pressed dog 67 is arranged tocooperate with the notch. This arrangement of parts is such that whenthe dog is in engagement with the notch 66 of the upright, the crossbars 62 are about centrally of the ball receiving space of each ballrack, hence preventing the withdrawal of the balls from the racks, thesprings operating, upon disconnection of the dogs from the notches tomove the frame upwardly, elevating said cross bars, and providing asuflicient space for the withdrawal of the balls. The dogs, of whichthere is one for each upright are each connected by two flexibleconnectors 68 with the master-control element, for a purpose which willlater appear.
The master-control elementcomprises a barrel 69 rotatably supportedbetween the walls of the casing 1, said casing. The rotation of thisbarrel is designed to be controlled by a look, so that the barrel can berotated only through the introduction of the proper key. The detailsmaking up this control are unimportant in the present invention, as manytypes of such devices are well known, and we therefore desire to limitourselves only to the extent of providing a barrel adapted for rotation,and held against such rotation except by the use of a proper key. Thebarrel is adapted for rotation in either direction, and the variousflexible connectors hereinbefore near the lower end of referred to areconnected to this barrel. The locking bars 19 of each row of the scoringdevices are preferably fixedly connected together, that is made in oneframe structure, as clearly shown in Fig. 2 and this structure isconnected to the barrel by flexible connectors 70 which are terminallyconnected to the barrel at diametrically opposite points, so that thelocking bars will be operated no matter in which direction the barrel isturned. The flexible connectors 68, leading from each dog 67 are alsoconnected at diametrically opposite points from the barrel, so that thedogs are operated in the movement of the barrel in either direction theconnector 54 extending from the operating lever for the game dial isconnected to the barrel at one point, while the connector 57, leadingfrom the release dog is connected to the barrel diametrically oppositethe at tachment of the connector 54 thereto, so that in the rotation ofthe barrel in one direction the lever 52 will be operated, and in thebarrel rotation in the opposite direction, the release dog will beoperated. A spring 71 is secured on the game registering disk andadapted to be tensioned in the registering movement of such disk, sothat upon release of the disk by proper actuation of the dog 55, thedisk will return to normal position. The barrel is preferably providedat one end with a diametrically extending plate 72 adapted to bear uponsprings 73, fixedly supported from the casing at their opposite ends, asat 74, provision being thus made for the return of the barrel to normalposition following its operation.
If desired, cords 74 may be mounted in the casing and supported in anydesired manner, as over a pulley, and weighted, or wound about a springdrum or the like, the ends of the cords beyond the casing being providedwith cups 75 for the reception of the usual blocks of due chalks.
In operation assuming the game to be played is to be paid for inaccordance with the time occupied, an authorized person by the use of a.proper key unlocks the barrel and rotates the same in a direction whichwould otherwise operate the release dog 55 of the game disk. Thismovement of the barrel withdraws the dog 67 from the uprights 61 of theball rack frame and permits the springs to force said rack into aposition to release the balls. The balls are now ac cessible for use onthe table, and at the same time as the balls are put in play the authorized operator actuates the time registering control button, hereinbeforereferred to. The operation of this button locks it in set or operatedposition and at the same time releases the brake 35 on the clock trainand causes a gearing coupling of he clock train and time indicatingdial. hen the game has been finished the amount to be paid is indicatedat the opening 31, and after the balls have been restored to the rackthe operator by again turning the connectors 70, one or the other,withdraws the locking bar 19 from the time registering control button,as well as from those buttons which have been used for scoring purposes,permitting the buttons to return to normal positions under the influenceof the springs 23, as will be obvious. This movement of the timecontrolled button reapplies the brake to the clock train and disconnectsthe dial therefrom. A spring 76 returns the dial to normal position,such position being controlled by a stop '77 carried by the dialcooperating with a pin 78 projecting from the frame of the clock train.
It the registration of the game by number is to be kept, the barrel isunlocked and turned in the direction to draw upon the connector 57,which through operation of the lever 52, imparts a step movement to thegame dial, the barrel being thus operated after each game, and in itsoperation of course re-setting all scoring buttons. hen the number ofgames are completed the dial is actuated in the opposite direction,withdrawing the release dog and permitting the springs 71 to restore thedial to normal position, that is in the position controlled by the stops55) and (30. The arm 52 is slotted to permit limited longitudinalmovement, against the tension of the spring 52, whereby the arm may rideby the teeth on its upward movement, the extreme upper position of thearm being just beyond the path of movement of the teeth. Afterre-setting the parts, and restoring the balls to the racks, the lockingframe is moved downwardly until the spring pressed do s (37 engage thenotches 66, when the balls are locked against withdrawal.
From the above description, it will be seen, that we have provided agame registering cabinet designed particularly for use with the games ofpool, billiards, and the like, in which the balls are locked againstwithdrawal from the cabinet except upon authorized release, and meansare provided. whereby the number of games, or the time employed inplaying a game, or both, are accurately registered, with the registeringmeans wholly beyond control of the players or other unauthorized person,and further means are provided, within control of the y players, forscoring; with the provision of a master-control element "for controllingdirectly or indirectly all of said means. l lVhat is claimed, is zl 1. Agame registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein saidmeans including a manually operable member, a
number carrying member connected therethe barrel actuates with, and alocking bar to automatically engage the manually operable member whenthe latter is in actuated position, and a key controlled elementconnected with said locking bar.
2. A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein,said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lover, amanually operable member connected with said lever and formed with alocking recess, and a locking bar to automatically engage said recesswhen said member has been operated.
A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, saidmeans including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, a manuallyoperable member connected with said lever and formed with a lockingrecess, and a spring compressed in the operative actuation of saidmember.
4-. A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein,said means including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, amanually operable member connected with said lever and formed with alocking recess, a spring tensioned in the operative actuation of saidmember, and a locking bar to engage the member-recess in the actuationof the member.
A game registering cabinet, and a scoring means arranged therein, saidmeans including a pivotally mounted number carrying lever, a. manuallyoperable member connected with said lever and formed with a lockingrecess, a spring tensioned in the operative actuation of said member, alocking bar to engage said recess in the actuation of the member, and amaster-controlled member to operate the locking bar to release saidmember.
(3. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device,comprising a clock frame, clock mechanism therein, a time indicatingdial, means for operatively connecting said dial to the clock mechanism,a manually operable push button for controlling said means, means forlocking the push button in operative position, and a master-controlmember for releasing the locking means.
7. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device,comprising a clock mechanism, a brake therefor, a time indicating dial,means for operatively connecting said dial to the clock mechanism, amanually operable push button for controlling the brake and saidconnecting means, means for locking the push button in operativeposition, and a master-controlled member for operating the locking meansto release the button.
8. A game registering cabinet including a game number tering dial, alever for imparting a step by step movement to the dial, a spring foroperating the dial in opposit-ion to the lever, a release dog forholding the dial against operation of the spring, and amaster-controlled element mounted for rotation in either direction andoppositely connected to the lever and to the release dog.
9. A game registering cabinet including a time registering device, agame number registering device, a series of scoring devices, a balllocking frame, a push button for opera- In testimony whereof We aflixour signatures in presence of two Witnesses.
HERMAN E. SCHMIDT. MATTHEW W. ARENS. lVitnesses D. W. GOULD, BENNETT S.JONES.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.
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2024-03-22
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1913-04-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1914-01-27"
}
|
US-362572D-A
|
Feedebick clatjss
(No Model.)
IF. OLAUSS.
' SH'EARS.
No. 362,572 Patented May 10, 1887.
I llVVE/VTOR a,
wmvEssm- UNITED STATES PATENT QE IcE.
FREDERICK GLAUSS, OF ELIZABETH, NE\V JERSEY.
SHEARS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,572, dated May 10,1887.
Application filed January 28, 1887. Serial No. 225,782. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that l, FREDERICK CLAUss, of Elizabeth, in the county ofUnion and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and usefulImprovements in Shears, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.
My invention relates to that class of shears or scissors in which thecutting-blades are held against each other by means of aspring actingupon a loose bolt'at the pivot-joint of the blades. I
The object of my invention is to produce a uniform pressure between theblades at their cutting-edges.
The invention consists in the combination of the cutting-blades with apivot-pin passing loosely through the cutting-blades anda'springplateheld on one end of the said pivot-pin and pressing against onecutting-blade.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation ofa pair of shears provided with myimprovement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectionalplan view of part of the same on the lines 00 m of Fig. 1. Fig. at is aplan view of the pivotpin. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same. Fig.6 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 7 is a face view of thespring:plate. Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the same on thelines y y of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an enlarged crosssectional view of thesame on the lines 2 z of Fig. 7.
Through the shear-blades A and B passes at their pivot-joint thepivot-pin O, which is not rigidly connected to either blade, and isprovided with the head 0, the shank O and the flat head 0, which is cutunder to form a shoulder, G.
The spring D is formed of one piece of steel and is provided in itscenter with a slot, D, corresponding in size to the flat head (3 of thepivot-pin C. At right angles to the slot D, and at each side of thesame, is formed a depression or indentation, D", in which is held andrests the flat head 0 when the several parts are adjusted and in theirproper places. The spring D, which is preferably in the shape of .adisk, is also provided with a number of radial slots, D which commenceat the periphery and extend inwardly a suitable distance, and then joina circular slot, D, which terminates about halfway between the twosucceeding radial slots D The two corresponding slots D and D* form aprong or flap, D which is bent inwardly, as shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9.
The several parts are put together by first passing the pivot-pin 0through the blades A and B at their pivot and by then placing the springD, with its prong D held inwardly, on the head 0 so that the latterpasses through the slot D. The spring D is then given one quarter-turn,so that the flat head rests in the indentations D" on the outside of thespring D and the prongs or, flaps D rest with their free ends on theblade A. The spring D is now locked on the pivot-pin O, and bears uponthe blade A at several points which are equidistant from the center ofthe pivot-pin G. The spring D presses against the flat head 0 of thepivot-pin O and against the blade A,
Having thus described my invention, I'clainr as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent The combination, with apair of shear-blades, of apivot-pin provided on one end with a head resting against oneshear-blade and on its other end with a fiat head forming a shoulder,and a spring having a central slot for the passage of the said fiathead, and indentations for the retention of the said flat head, the saidspring also provided with inwardly-extending prongs resting on one ofthe said shear-blades, substantiall y as herein shown and described.
FREDERICK OLAUSS. Witnesses:
CHAS. NIDE, E. F. DREWSEN.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1887-05-10"
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US-5334748-A
|
Nose board for axminster looms
Oct. 24, 1950 w. A. BLANCHARD 2,527,054
NOSE BOARD FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS Filed Oct. 7, 1948 INVENTOR WILLIAMABLANCHARD.
6m. FM
ATTORNEY.
Patented Oct. 24, 1950 NOSE BOARD FOR AXMINSTER LOOMS William A.Blanchard, Millbury, 'Mass assignor to Crompton & Knowles Loom Works,Worcester, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application October '7,1948, Serial No. 53,347
11 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in nose boards for Axminsterlooms and it is the general object of the invention to provide a noseboard having laminations which are bonded together, as by copper orsilver brazing, and are so related as to provide slots to receive thedents of the loom reed and also provide tuft yarn guiding teeth ornoses.
A form of Axminster loom which has gone into general use employs a noseboard having a plurality of rearwardly extending hook shaped teethspaced from each other to define slots which receive reed dents andisepara'tor plates forming part of a yarn controlling mechanism of theloom. In the past these nose boards have consisted of aligned units eachmade of a single piece of metal and their manufacture has been veryexpensive because of breakage of the thin saws which cut the slots andthe timerequired for the slot cutting operation.
It is an important object of the present invention to reduce the cost ofthe nose board unit and the time required for its manufacture by bondingtogether a series of flat metallic hook or nose plates alternating withfiat metallic spacer plates. The latter are shorter than the nose platesto provide the slots required for the reed dents.
It is another objectof the invention to provide an improved method ofmaking the nose board wherein fiat nose and spacer plates are arrangedparallel to each. other and alternately on one or more rods or boltswhich extend transversely through the plates. These rods extend beyondthe group of plates and carry nuts which permit forcing of theassembled. plates against each other in the relative positions they willultimately occupy in the loom. .When thus assembled the nose and spacerplates arebonded to each other and to the rods by a brazing. operationin a furnace. nuts-thereon are then removed sothe nose board will havesmooth flat end surfaces, thus permitting several boards to be arrangedclose to each other end to end on the loom.-
will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in thecombination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and setforth.
In the accompanying drawings, wherein a convenient embodiment of theinvention is set forth,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of part of an Axminster loom having theinvention applied thereto,
The extending ends of the rods and the v With these and other objects inview which warp sheds.
certain parts of the loom being shown in section, V Fig. 2 is anenlarged plan view looking in the direction of arrow 2 showing one ofthenose board units, parts of the latter being broken away, 7 Figs. 3and 4 are enlarged vertical transverse sections on lines 33 and 4 4,respectively, Fig. 2, I
Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical section on line 5-5, Fi 2, H Fig. 6 is adiagrammatic view showing the relation of one nose plate and one spacerplate relatively to one of the connector rods and the tuft yarn guidingplates of the loom, 1
Fig. '7 and 8 are perspective views, respectively, of the nose andspacer plates or members, and
Fig. 9 is a plan view of the nose board unit as it appears after thebonding operation.
Referring particularly to Fig. 1, the m frame 10 has a breast beam Hover which thefabric F passes towarda take-up mechanism not shown. Thewarp threads W pass through harness frames 12 and through a reed Rhaving reed dents l3 and carried by the lay Hi. Mounted in front ofthelay is a set of tuft yarn guide plates l5 movable about an axis it bya cam controlled rod I'I. These guide plates are normally in a forwardposition to the left of that shown in Fig. 1, but are projectedrearwardly so that they can align with the reed dents :3 of the reedduring a tuft forming operation.
rived from a tube frame it which is controlled in usual manner to dipthe yarns through the A needle 59 lays a shot of weft behind the yarnsYand the reed then beats this shot and the tuft yarns forwardly over therear part of a nose board designated generally at N. In practice, thenose board is made of a number of aligned nose board units extendingacross the loom and held in place as described hereinafter.
The matter thus far described, except for the details of the nose boardN, are usual as to their construction and operation and may be as setforth in prior Patent No. 1,958,129 issued to Dacey and Robertson.
number of fiat plates assembled side by side and then preferably bondedtogether in a cooper or silver brazing operation.
In carrying the invention into effect there are provided a number ofnose plates 25 and spacer or separator plates 26. Referring particularlyto Fig. '7, each nose plate is made of flat sheet metal, such as steel,and has a straight top edge 30 along which the fabric F travels when thenose board is placed in the loom. At the rear of the nose plate 25 thereis formed an upstanding hook 3| the rear part of which leads to a curvedsurface 32 along which a tuft yarn will be drawn during the tuft formingoperation. Curved surface 32 is on a nose 33 shaped substantially asshown in Fig. 7, and the rear under edge 34 of the plate 25 is inclineddownwardly and forwardly to a vertical shoulder 35 located at the rightof a straight under edge 35 which may be parallel to the top edge 30.From a second shoulder 31 at the left end of the bottom edge 36 aninclined edge 38 leads upwardly and forwardly. As shown in Fig. 7 thenose plate 25 has relatively wide front and back parts 39 and 46,respectively. The forward wide part 39 has a perforation 4| thereinwhile the rear wide part 40 is provided with a similar perforation 42. Arelatively narrow part or section 43 of plate 25 is located between thewide parts 39 and 46 over a downwardly opening notch 44 between theshoulders 35 and 31. All of the nose plates 25 required for a unit willbe alike and substantially as shown in Fig. '7.
Each flat spacer or separator plate 26, see Fig. 8, has a top edge 45similar to top edges 36 of the nose plates. The spacer plate has abottom edge 46 corresponding to the bottom edge 36 of the nose board.The spacer plate 26 is provided with a rear widened part 41 the bottomof which is inclined forwardly and downwardly as at 48. The front orleft end of the spacer plate as viewed in Fig. 8 is provided with asecond widened part 49 having a forwardly and upwardly inclined bottomedge 50. The front wide part 49 is provided with a perforation while therear widened part 41 is provided with a second perforation 52. Anintermediate section 53 and notch 54 of the spacer plate are similar tosection 43 and notch 44 of the nose plate.
The distance between the perforations 4| and 42 of a nose plate 25 isthe same as the distance between the perforations 5| and 52 of a spacerplate, and these perforations are both at the same distance below thetop edges of their corresponding plates, so that when the frontperforations 4| and 5| are aligned and the rear perforations 42 and 52are aligned the top edges 30 and 45, and the bottom edges 36 and 46, andalso the bottom edges 38 and 50 will align. The under edge 48 of eachspacer plate, however, will preferably be parallel to but at a higherlevel than the corresponding inclined under edges 34 of the adjacentnose plates, and the rear end 55 of each spacer plate will be locatedconsiderably forward of the hooks 3| and noses 33. This latterrelationship is shown in Fig. 6. The reason for having the inclinedbottom edge 48 at a higher level than that of the edge 34 is to providea slot 56 for a guide plate I5.
In order to facilitate movement of the guide plates l5 the under forwardcurved edge 51 of the nose 33 ma be beveled or chamfered as at 58. Thischamfering will be located on a part of the nose plate 25 which is notoverlapped by the spacer plate 26 when the latter is aligned with thenose plate as already described. The chamfered edge 58 may be formedeither at the same time the nose plate 25 is punched out, or formed in asubsequent operation.
After the requisite number of nose and spacer plates for a unit U havebeen provided they will be assembled in alternation in side by sideorder with their corresponding front and back perforations aligned. Anelongated preferably steel member 60, which may be formed as a rod, ispassed through aligned holes 4| and 5| and have its screw threaded ends6| project beyond the sides of the group of nose and spacer plates. Asimilar rod 62 is then passed through the aligned perforations 42 and52. Each of the rods 60 and 62 will have nuts or the like 63 threadedonto the projecting ends thereof, and the nuts will then be tightened sothat the plates 25 and 25 will be forced into close contact with eachother.
When thus assembled the parts of the unit are bonded together in afurnace by a brazing metal, such as copper or silver, or similar metal.The brazing metal is placed over the top of the assembled plates and asit melts it passes down between the plates and around the rods, forminga metallic bond designated at 65 in Figs. 3 and 4. The bonding metal notonly unites adjacent surfaces of the plates to each other, but alsoestablishes firm holding connection between the rods 66 and 62 and theplates through which they pass. In order that the bonding between therods and the plates may be strong the rods should have a close fit withthe perforations in the plates.
During the brazing operation the nuts 63 are likely to be bonded to theadjacent plates engaging them. After the brazing operation has beencompleted and the unit has cooled to room temperature the projectingends 6| of the rods and the nuts on them will be removed so that theends of the unit will have smooth fiat sLu'faces, thus permittingseveral nose board units to be arranged side by side in close order onthe loom.
When the nose board is made as set forth herein the hooks 3| and noses33 will project rearwardly beyond the rear ends 55 of the spacer platesto define slots 16 for the reception of the reed dents l3 and guideplates l5. If there is any distortion of the unit due to the heatingoperation this can be corrected in a straightening press to align all ofthe noses 33 before the unit is put in the loom. Also, if it is desiredthat the plate have a perfectly smooth top surface to engage the underpart of the fabric F the upper edges 36 and 45 and any brazing metalpresent may be removed in a grinding or similar operation. When theproper amount of brazing metal is used there will be no excess of itpresent on the surface of the unit, or in the slots 56, but if suchexcess should exist it can be readily removed.
Either before or after removal of the nuts 62 and 63, but after thebrazing or bonding operation the nose plate will have drilled verticallytherethrough holes 1| counterbored at 12 to receive holding screws orbolts 13 which are tapped into the breast beam H, see Fig. l. The holes1| will ordinarily be of a diameter greater than the width of either anose or spacer plate and will out certain of the plates into front andrear parts which will. however, be held in fixed position by the bondingmetal. As shown in Fig. 9 the holes 1| are located between the metalrods 66 and 62 and do not sever the latter. The holes are preferablylocated between the front and rear widened parts of the nose and spacerplates, and will ordinarily extend through that part of the nose plateintermediate the shoulders 35 and 31 of the nose plates. The nose boardis also provided with a perforation to receive a placing pin (not shown)on the breast beam. Perforation is about the diameter of holes orperforations H and will be drilled after the bonding operation.
It has been found that a nose board made as set forth hereinbefore willhave its noses 33 and the spaces 10 between them accurately spacedwithout requiring any substantial straightening operation subsequent tothe brazing. If the plate is to be used in an Axminster loom weavingseven tufts to the inch measured across the loom, the spaces or slots 10will need to be separated from each other by and this spacing isattained by selecting the correct thicknesses for the nose and spacerplates.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the invention sets forth a noseboard comprising two types of plates which are strung in alternation onrods or the like 60 and 62. The nose board has its component partsbonded together by a brazing metal which not only unites adjacent facesof the nose and spacer plates, but also unites the latter to the rods.It will further be seen that the lower edges 48 of the spacer plates areat a higher level than are the edges 34 of the nose plates, the purposeof this relation being to define guide slots 56 for the tops of theguide plates IS. The invention also sets forth a method for making thenose board wherein the nose and spacer plates are assembled on the rodsand forced together by clamp means, such as nuts 63, and then submittedto a brazing operation,-after which the nuts on the rods and those partsof the latter which project beyond the ends of the nose board unit areremoved. During the heating operation the plates and 26 are heldtogether by the rods as a self supporting unit not reouiring holdingfixtures or the like. The perforations H and. 15 are dr lled after thebrazing operation, and even thou h certain of the nose and spacer platesare cut in two arts the latter will be held by the bonding. TheAxminster nose plate as set forth herein is very much cheaper than noseplates heretofore produced, and when the brazing and sub eouent coolingo erations are properly carried out there is little or no distortion ofthe noses 33, and with but few inexpensive finishing operations the noseboard can be placed in a loom as it is taken from the furnace.
Having thus described the invention it will be seen that changes andmodifications of the foregoing specific disclosure may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed as new is:
1. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat parallelnose plates each having a tuft yarn guiding nose at the rear endthereof, a plurality of fiat parallel spacer plates, said platesarranged side by side and the nose plates alternating with the spacerplates, the rear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of thenoses of the nose plates, and means holding said plates in fixedposition relatively to each other.
2. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat parallelnose plates each having a tuft yarn guiding nose at the rear endthereof, a plurality of fiat parallel spacer plates, said platesarranged side by side and the nose plates alternating with the spacerplates, the rear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of nosesof the nose plates, and means including an elongated member transverseof said plates holding the latter in fixed position relatively to eachother.
3. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reeddents, aplurality of metallic parallel flat nose plates alternating withmetallic parallel flat spacer plates, the nose plates projecting beyondthe spacer plates and the latter spacing the nose plates to define slotsto receive the reed dents, and elongated metallic means extendingtransversely of said nose and spacer plates, the nose and spacer platesbeing secured to each other and to the elongated means by a bondingmetal.
4. In a nose board unit for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiatparallel nose plates each provided at the rear end thereof with a hookand a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of parallel spacer platesalternating with the nose plates and the rear ends of which terminateforward of the hooks and noses of said nose plates, elongated meansextending transversely through said nose and spacer plates aligning saidplates to form the nose board unit, and means holding said nose andspacer plates and elongated means in fixed position with respect to eachother.
5. In a nose board for an Axminster loom, a plurality of fiat steelplates each formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose at the rear endthereof, a plurality of fiat steel spacer plates alternating with thenose plates, elongated steel means extending transversely through saidnose and spacer plates and holding the spacer plates in such positionthat the rear ends thereof are forward of the noses of the nose plates,and a bonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each otherand to said elongated steel means to hold all parts of the nose board inrigid position with respect to each other.
6. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reed dents and aset of spaced tuft yarn guide plates, a plurality of fiat nose plateseach having at the rear end thereof a tuft yarn engaging nose, aplurality of flat spacer plates alternating with the nose plates, therear ends of the spacer plates terminating forward of the.
noses of the nose plates, both the nose and spacer plates having bottomedges which are inclined downwardly and forwardly from the rear endsthereof, the inclined bottom edges of the nose plates projecting belowthe bottom inclined edges of the spacer plates to define guide slots forsaid tuft yarn guiding plates, elongated means extending transversely ofsaid nose and spacer plates, and means holding said nose and spacerplates and elongated means in fixed relation with respect to each otherwith the rear ends of the nose plates spaced from each other rearwardlyof the spacer plates to form slots for said reed dents.
7. In a nose board for an Axminster loom provided with reed dents andyarn guiding plates, a plurality of fiat nose plates each provided atthe rear end thereof with a hook and a tuft yarn engaging nose, eachnose plate having a bottom edge inclined downwardly and forwardly fromthe nose thereof, a plurality of fiat spacer plates alternating with thenose plates, each spacer plate having the rear end thereof terminatingforward of the hooks and noses of adjacent nose plates, and each spacerplate having a lower edge inclined downwardly and forwardly from therear end thereof above said inclined bottom edges of the nose plates todefine guide slots for said yarn guiding plates, and means holding saidplates in fixed relation with respect to each 7 other with the rear endsof the nose plates projecting rearwardly of the spacer plates andseparated by slots to receive said reed dents.
8. In a nose board for an Axrninster loom provided with a set of tuftyarn guiding plates and a reed having dents, a plurality of flatmetallic nose plates each provided at the rear end thereof with a hookand a yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flat metallic spacer platesalternating with said nose plates and having their rear ends terminatingforward of the hooks and noses of the nose plates, the lower edges ofthe nose plates projecting below the lower edges of the spacer plates todefine guide slots for said tuft yarn guiding plates, elongated metallicmeans extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates to align thelatter, and a bonding metal securing the nose and spacer plates to eachother and to said elongated metallic means with the rear ends of thenose plates projecting rearwardly beyond the rear ends of the spacerplates to define slots for said reed dents.
9. In a nose board for an Axniinster loom having a breast beam and reeddents, a plurality of flat metallic nose plates the rear end of each ofwhich is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flatmetallic spacer plates alternating with the nose plates and having therear ends thereof terminating forward of said noses, elongated metallicmembers extending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and abonding metal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and tosaid elongated metallic members, said nose board having perforationstherethrough parallel to said plates to receive means for attachmentthereof to said breast beam, said perforations measured laterally of theplates being wider than the width of either a spacer or a nose plate,said bonding metal holding those parts of the nose and spacer plateswhich are in front of and behind said perforations in fixed positionrelativel; to the nose board.
10. In a nose board for an Axminster loom hav ing a breast beam and reeddents, a plurality of fiat metallic nose plates the rear end of each ofwhich is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of flatmetallic spacer plates alternating with the nose plates and having theirrear ends terminating forward of said noses, elongated metallic membersspaced from each other in the direction of the length of said plates andextending transversely of said nose and spacer plates, and a bondingmetal securing said nose and spacer plates to each other and to saidelongated metallic means, said nose board having perforationstherethrough parallel to said plates to receive means for attachmentthereof to said breast beam, said perforations measured lateral- 1y ofthe plates being wider than the width of either a spacer or a nose plateand said perforations extending through the nose board at some part ofthe latter other than the parts thereof through which the elongatedmetallic members extend, said bonding metal holding those parts of thenose and spacer plates which are in front of and behind saidperforations in fixed position relativel to the nose board.
11. In a nose board for an Axminster loom having a breast beam and reeddents, a plurality of flat metallic nose plates the rear end of each ofwhich is formed with a tuft yarn engaging nose, a plurality of fiatmetallic spacer plates alternating with and in side by side engagementwith the nose plates and having their rear ends terminating forward ofsaid noses, elongated metallic members spaced from each other in thedirection of the length of said plates and extending transversely ofsaid nose and spacer plates, and a bonding metal securing said nose andspacer plates to each other and to said elongated metallic members, saidnose board having perforations therethrough spaced from said elongatedmembers to receive means for attachment of the nose board to said breastbeam.
WILLIAM A. BLANCHARD.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,224,592 Brown Dec. 10, 19 .02,280,931 Schuh Apr. 28, 1912 2,293,561 Robb Aug. 18, 1242 2,458,427Russell et .al. Jan. 4, 1949
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2024-03-22
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1948-10-07
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1950-10-24"
}
|
US-37884829-A
|
Two insulator high tension switch
Jan. 16, 1934. E. E'. ANDERSON TWO INSULATORK HIGH TENSION SWITCH 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 17. 1929 il il. a. 23| D. f
N 5| u W N 7m Jain. 163 1934. E E, ANDERSON 1,943,576
TWO INSULATOR HIGH TENSION SWITCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 17, 1929Jan. 16, 1934. E. E. ANDERSON 1,943,576
' TWOHINSULATOR HIGH TENSION SWITCH Filed July 17. 1929 4 sheets-sheets.
Jan. 16, 19341 E. E. ANDERSON TWO INSULATOR HIGH TENSIO SWITCH FiledJuly 17. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lzVEr'z/Er" frnesl dnclesom Patented Jan.16, 1934 UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE 28 Claims.
This invention relates in general to aswitch for opening and closing anelectrical circuit, and more particularly to a vertical break, twoinsulator, high tension, disconnecting switch.
In the past, disconnecting switches for use in high tension switchinghave been supplied by manufacturers, for mounting with their basesvertical, or horizontal in which case the'insulators are either abovethe base or underslung below the base. With switches of this type themaintenance is very high as each type of mounting constitutes adifferent switch, which could not be adapted for a different mountingwithout the use of additional parts. In cases of emergency, this is avery undesirable condition as it is common practice to move electricalequipment from one locatio'n to another. For example, if a'switch weremounted in one position at a given location and it was desired to moveit to another location where it would have to be mounted in a dierentposition; it could not be mounted in the new location without theaddition of new parts.
Another objection to disconnecting switches,
` as they are presently made, is to the construction of the contacts. Inthe usual form, the contact is made between ground surfaces which soonget out of alignment, with the result that the original surface contactbecomes a line or point contact and the ampere carrying capacity isVgreatly decreased. In order to adapt the usual contact for outdoorservice, where extreme weather conditions are met with, it becomesnecessary to provide sleet hoods or other means for protecting thecontacts to assure the operation of the switch.
In the operation of high potential disconnecting switches, it oftenbecomes necessary to open them under load. Due to the relatively smallinterrupting capacity of such switches and their slow speed of opening,the contacts become damaged from the arc which is established when thecontacts begin to open.
Where the arc is broken between contacts in a hermetically sealed tubecontaining an arc extinguishing fluid, it has been a difcult problem toiind a satisfactory way of sealing the tube into the end ferrules andmaking a nal seal after the fluid is put into the tube. A tube of thistype is subjected to extreme temperatures and pressure with the resultthat the glass either breaks where it is sealed into the ferrules or thetube leaks around the naLsealing plug.
It is an object of this invention to provide a disconnecting switchwhich is adapted for mounting in any position simply by a reassembly ofthe switch parts without the necessity of adding new parts.
It is. another object of this invention to provide a full iloatingcontact, which will be self aligning, have a multiplicity of positivecontact points and maintain its ampere carrying capacity over a longperiod of time, and adapted for outdoor or indoor use.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a disconnecting switchwhich will open the 55 electrical circuit in a very short period oftime; the circuit being initially opened by a switch blade which carriesthe main current, and finally by a fluid switching unit which carriesthe secondary current and is in parallel with the switch blade. A'
It is a further object of this invention to improve the method forsealing the container which encloses the contact mechanism and which isfilled with an arc extinguishing fluid.
Other and important objects of this invention will be apparent from thedisclosures in the specification and the accompanying drawings.
This invention in a preferred form is illustrated in the drawings andhereinafter more fully described.
On the drawings:
Figure 1 is an elevational view including partial sections through theduid break switch.
Figure 2 is an elevational view showing the 85 switch mounted in ahorizontal and vertical plane.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the switch.
Figure 4 is an elevational view showing the switch mounted in ahorizontal plane with the insulators beneath the base.
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing the locking means andcontact in section.
Figure 6 is an elevational view of the fluid break switch having brokenaway sections showing the position of the contact elements when theswitch is mounted in an underslung position.
Figure 'I is an elevational view of the fluid break switch having brokenaway sections showing the position of the contact elements when theswitch is mounted in a vertical position.
Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse section through the fluid breakswitch, line VIII- VIII in Figure 6.
Figure 9 is an enlarged transverse section 105 through the contact ofthe air break Switch taken on line IX-D in Figure 4.
Figure 10 is a view showing the concentric lgrooves around the sealinghole and on the sealing screw.
Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary section through the final sealingmeans.
Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the Adetails of theiloating mounting of the switch blade contact support casting, takensubstantially on line XII-XII of Figure 5.
As shown on the drawings:
The disconnecting switch, as a whole, is shown in Figure 1 mounted in ahorizontal position with the insulators above a mounting base 1.Insulator pins 2, which support the-conventional type of high tensioninsulator 3, are secured to the top of the mounting base near its ends,by means of bolts 4 which extend through the base of the insulator pin,the mounting base, and a plate 5. This plate makes it possible to securethe cap end of the insulator to the mounting base,- by means of the capbolts 6, when the disconnecting switch is mounted in the underslungposition as shown in Figure 4. In the mounting shown in Figure 1, ahinge terminal casting 7 is secured to the insulator cap by the capbolts 6, and includes a lug 8, which is drilled for terminal conectionto the power line, and the stationary member 9 of the switch bladehinge. The movable member of the hinge comprises a casting 10, which ispivotally secured, by means of the pivot pin 11, to the stationary hingemember 9, and is bored and threaded to receive a blade bar, or tube 12,which is clamped therein, by means of a clamping bolt 13. 'I'heelectrical circuit is completed around the hinge by the ilexibleconductor 14 which is secured by the bolt 15 to the stationary member ofthe hinge and by the bolt 16 to the lug 17 forming an integral part ofthe casting 10. It is therefore apparent that by using thisconstruction, blade bars of varying length may be used; the hingeterminal casting and the blade hinge casting with its fiexible connectorbeing common to voltages from 7500 to 73000 volts. For higher voltagescastings of heavier construction would be used. The blade bar 12 isshown as being circular in design, but may be of any shape or formdepending upon the amount of current it must carry and the mechanicalstrength required.
The contact end of the blade bar 12 is threadedly secured to a forkedcasting 18 and securely clamped by means of a clamping bolt 19. Thiscasting 18 carries a full oating contact support casting 20, Figure 5,and a switch lock 21 having a pull ring 22 on its upper endand a latchdog 23 on its lower end, which engages with a contact casting 24. 'Iheswitch lock 21 is pivotally secured to depending lugs 25 of the forkedcasting 18, by means of a pin 26. The switch blade end of the casting 18is drilled to receive a cylindrical member 27 having inserted thereinfor longitudinal movement a plunger 28, which is forced outwardly by aspring 29, against the switch lock 21, which will be rotated in aclockwise direction until the stop pin 30 strikes against the lower edgeof said casting 18. This switch lock will therefore lock the switchblade in a closed position and prevent the switch from being forced openby a short circuit.
The full floating contact support casting 20 is fioatingly supported inthe forked casting 18, as shown in Figure 12, by means of pin 31 and thepin 32a, the ends of which extend into oversize holes in the prongs ofthe fork casting. The longitudinal movement of the pin 32a is limited byshort bolts 32 which are threaded into the oversize holes and abutagainst the ends of said pin. The electrical circuit is completed fromthe contact support casting to the forked casting by means of a flexibleconductor 33, which is solidly bolted to the respective castings bybolts 34, 32 and 35. Integral with the contact support casting 20 is aprojection 36 which is drilled and tapped to receive either the contactsheath 37 or the contact plunger 38. This interchangeability gives acontact, thoroughly housed against weather in all positions in which aswitch is usually mounted. l 'Ihe contact casting 24 is secured to theinsulator by the cap bolts 6 and is drilled and tapped to receive eitherthe contact plunger 38 as shown in Figure 5 or the contact sheath 37. Anintegral lug 39, which is similar to the lug 8, is drilled for terminalconnection to the power line.
The female member of the contact comprises a sheath 37 having aplurality of sockets 40 for receiving conducting spheres 4l, which arebacked up by connector straps 42 solidly fastened to one end of thesheath by screws 43. These conductor straps are enclosed by acylindrical close wound coil spring 44, which exerts spring pressure onthe spheres, forcing them to the bot- .tom of their respective socketswhere their further movement is arrested by an inturned edge of thesocket. It will be noted that in this position the spheres projectslightly past the inner wall of the sheath and make contact with thecontact plunger 38. The entrance end of the contact sheath engages withan end member 37a containing a tapered orifice, which forms a guide forthe contact plunger as it enters the female member of the contact. Thecontact sheath is enclosed by a cylindrical tube 45 which is securelyfastened by means of the screws 46; at one end to the sheath and at theother to the end member 37a, thereby holding said end member inengagement with said sheath. This cylindrical tube therefore protectsthe contact mechanism from the weather elements. It is to be observedthat when the contact plunger enters the contact sheath, it forces theconducting spheres outwardly against the connector straps, which in turnare forced firmly against the enclosing spring; this spring being freeto weave or iioat together with the connector straps and spheres. Theresult is that each sphere is under spring pressure and forms a pressurecontact between each sphere and the contact plunger as well as betweeneach sphere and its connector strap. The spheres being free to roll orfloat in their respective sockets, a wiping contact is secured, thusinsuring a multiplicity of clean contact points each of which has adeflnite current carrying capacity. The capacity of the contact istherefore proportional to the number of points of contact, and permits adefinite current rating to be given the contact.
By the use of the full oating contact support, the plunger isreciprocally or laterally withdrawn from the contact sheath by therotary motion of the switch blade about its hinge pivot. The fullfloating contact support permits the plunger to freely assume itsposition with reference to the full floating contact spheres, connectorstraps and the cylindrical close wound coil spring in the contactsheath. 'I'his feature compensates for any misalignment of the switchparts and the point of contact of each sphere is assured.
A iiuid switching unit is supported on one end by a projecting arm 46which is integral with the hinge casting 10, and on the other by arotatable link 47 pivotally secured by -a pin 47a to the contact casting24. The respective ends of the Iiuid switching unit are designated by Aand B. A supporting and terminal casting is provided at the A end of thefluid switching unit comprising an annular ring 48 and depending arm 49pivotally secured to the arm 46 by means of a bolt 50. The B end of thefluid switching unit has a similar supporting and terminal castingconsisting of an annular ring 51 with a similar depending arm 52pivotally secured to the link47 by means of a bolt 53. Solidly boltedconnections are provided at each end respectively by a flexibleconductor 54 having one end secured to the arm 49 and the other to thearm 46 by the screw 55; and a flexible conductor 56 having one endsecured to the arm 52 and'the other to the contact casting 24 by one ofthe cap bolts 6. The contact mechanism is hermetically sealed within atube 57, preferably of a vitreous material but not necessarily, which islled with an arc extinguishing fluid (not shown on the drawings). Eachend of the tube is sealed into a ferrule 58, the outer end of which isclosed, having an outwardly extending flange.
which engages the annular ring of its,a.ssociated supportingandlterminal casting and is secured thereto by means of screws 59. Theferrule on the end B is drilled and tapped to receive the hermeticsealing screw 60, Figure 11. The base and seat of this screw areprovided with concentric grooves (Figure 10) so that when the screw istightened against a soft metal washer 61 the grooves will cut into thewasher and form a hermetic seal. A bracket 62 is secured by a screw 63to the closed end of the ferrule 58 on the A end of the tube and by ascrew 64 to an insulating bar 65 which supports a series of gaps in thearc extinguishing fluid; the bracket making electrical contact with theterminal side of the last gap. The other end of the insulating bar isfree to move longitudinally on a guide pin 66 when expanded orcontracted by a change in temperature. The guide pin is secured to theclosed end of the ferrule 58 of the B end of the tube and slidablyengages the end of the bar 65. A flexible connector 65a completes theelectrical circuit from the terminal side of the last gap to the-closedend of the ferrule 58. A plurality of castings 67 made of a conductingmaterial are secured to the insulating bar by the screws 68, Figure 8,and spaced so as to form a series of gaps. Conducting spheres 69 of anon-magnetic material are disposed for closing the gaps and are free to-move into sockets 70 parallel to the fix longitudinal axis of the tubeor sockets 71 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tube; suchmovement opening the gaps and consequently breaking the electricalcircuit through the tube. DueA to the arc extinguishing uid in the tube,the spheres will move into and out of the sockets with plunger likeaction The spheres make a point contact with the contact surface of the,gaps. In the closed position of the gaps the arc extinguishing uidclosely surrounds the point contact and since a sphere may be moved thrua uid with the least amount of disturbance of the duid, it is evidentthat as the spheres begin to move away from the contact surfaces the`arc extinguishing fluid instantly lls the gaps and prevents any arcfrom forming.
While the drawings show only one hermetically sealed tube mounted uponthe disconnect- ,ing switch, it is not proposed to limit this inventionto the use of one tube as it is contemplated that a number of tubeshaving their contact points in series might be mounted in parallel orthe tube might be constructed with several rows of contacts within vonetube, the contacts being arranged electrically, either in series ormultiple depending upon the amount of current which it is desired tocarry.
Figures 2 and 4 show the switch of my invention mounted in variouspositions upon a sus taining structure.` The various parts of theswitch, which it would be necessary to reassemble in order to adapt theswitch for operation in the respective positions, are clearly shown inthese figures. For example, assuming the switch to be originally mountedin the horizontal position as shown in Figure 2, the switch parts areassembled as shown more clearly in Figure l. In this position, the tube57 is mounted with its B end adjacent the blade contact and its A endadjacent the pivoted end of the blade. The iemale contact member iscarried by the blade, and the male contact member mounted on insulator3.
If it is now desired to transfer the horizontally mounted switch to alocation wherein it will be in a vertical position as shown in Figure 2,
the only changes necessary to adapt the switch to the vertical mountingare to turn the tube 57 end for end so that the A end is adjacent theblade contact rather than the B end, and interchange the male and femalecontact members.
In changing from the vertical mounting shown in Figure 2 to theunderslung mounting as shown in Figure 4, the insulators 3 3 are turnedend for end and the tube 57 is rotated 180 degrees about itslongitudinal axis. It is thus evident that the switch may be readilyadapted for any mounting by simply reassembling a few parts. Enlargedviews of the tube 57 are shown in Figures 1, 6 and 7 with cut-outportions, the tubes being disposed in their relative positions tocorrespond to the switch mountings as shown in Figures 2 and 4.
The operation of the switch, when mounted in the horizontal positionwith the insulators above the base, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. fromcompletely closed position to completely open, land from completely opento completely closed is as follows: The switch is opened by mserting aswitch hook into the ring 22 of the switch lock. A rm'pull upwardly andtoward the hinge end of the switch, will uniatch the switch lock andpull the switch blade out of contact, swinging the switch blade aboutthe pivot pin 11 to the 90 degrees open position. To describe themovement of the luid switching unit, A
while the switch blade is being opened, it is best to divide themovement of the switch blade into two parts, that is, from the closedposition tosubstantially 45 degrees open position, and from thisposition to fully open.
It will be observed that, when the switch blade is in circuit closedposition, the tube 57 is downwardly inclined towards its B end and thespheres 69 occupy gap-closing positions, each sphere being in engagementwith an upper con tact surface formed by the wall of a socket 71 and alower contact surface formed by the wall of a socket 70. Since thesockets 70 are at this time inclined downwardly towards the gaps thespheres are held in gap-closing position by the action of gravity. Now,as-*the switch blade is swung to the 45 position, as shown in dottedlines in Figure 1, the lever arm 46 is moved anticlockwise to ahorizontal or dead center position, this movement causing the A end ofthe 4 K tube 57 to travel downwardly and to the left. Simultaneouslywith this movement of the A end of the tube, the B end is guided by theanticlockwise movement of link 47 so that this end moves 5 downwardlyand to the left. It will be observed,
however, that at the 45 position the downward movement of the A end ofthe tube has been relatively greater than the downward movement of the Bend of the tube; that the tube is still slightly downwardly inclinedtoward its B end; and that during the above described movement of thetube the spheres 69 have remained in gapclosing position, since noforces have acted to change their position. The circuit at this time isthrough the fluid switching unit, since the circuit through the switchblade has already been opened;
Immediately upon the passage of the switch blade through its 45position, the arm 46 is moved below its horizontal or dead centerposition and continues to carry the A end of the tube still further in adownward direction and at the same time causes this end to move to theright instead of to the left as when the arm 46 was approaching its deadcenter position. Moreover, the link 47 is now moving ina clockwisevdirection which causes the B end of the tube to move upwardly and to theright. As before, it will be observed that the downward movement of theA end of the tube is relatively greater than the upward movement of theB end of the tube.
As a result of this change in the direction of movement of the tube 57from left to right as the lever arm 46 passes through its horizontal ordead center position, the upper contact surfaces formed by the walls ofthe sockets 71 are moved away from the spheres 69 with a snap action. Atthe same instant, the supports for the spheres have changed. Insteadofbeing supported on both the upper and lower contact surfaces aspreviously, the spheres are now supported only upon the lower contact'surfaces. The motion of the tube is now such, by virtue of moving the Aend downwardly and to the right and the B end upwardly and to the right,that the lower contact surfaces cause the spheres to move into thesockets 70 leaving the` gapsl fully open. Moreover, during the movementof the switch blade from the 45 position to the fully open or 90position, the sockets 70 are rapidly and increasingly downwardlyinclined from the gaps, so that the speed of movementN of the spheresinto the sockets 70 is augmented by the actionof gravity.
The switch is closed by inserting the switch hook into the ring 22,whereupon a firm quick thrust will swing the blade into closed positionwhere it is automatically locked by the engagement of the latch dog withthe contact casting 24. Since the movement of the fluid switching unit,whenclosing the switch blade, is just the reverse of its movement duringthe opening of the switch blade, a detailed description of the movementsof the arm 46, the link 47 and the tube 57 is not deemed necessary.
When the switch blade is in the fully open or position, the spheres 69are retained at the closed ends of the sockets 70 by the action ofgravity, these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away fromthe gaps. This condition prevails until the switch blade has passedthrough the 45 position, at which time the arm 46 has also passedthrough its horizontal or dead center position and reversed the movementof the tube 57 from left to right, the link 47 reversing its movementfrom left to right simultaneously therewith. This movement of the tubegives a snap action to the right which forces the closed ends of thesockets 70 against the spheres 69 and drives them into the gaps toinitially close the electrical circuit through the liquid switchingunit. As the switch blade continues to move from the 45 position, thesockets are rapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly towards thegaps, thereby enabling the force of gravity to augment the speed ofmovement of the spheres into the gaps. In the fully closed position ofthe switch blade, the spheres are again held in gap closing position bythe action of gravity, and the switch blade now carries the main portionof the current.
Switches embodying the features of this invention have been found to beparticularly desirable for interrupting circuits which carry arelatively high order of current. This will be more fully appreciatedwhen the action of the spheres and contacts are considered during theinterruption of the circuit. The fact that spheres have been usedenables the contacts and spheres to be separated in the arcextinguishing liquid in which they are submerged with a minimum amountof resistance, thereby enabling the gap to be opened at a relativelyhigh speed. The resulting high speed in opening the gap enables a highinterrupting capacity to be obtained, as is well known in the art.
As soon as the sphere begins to open the gap a thin fllm of the arcextinguishing liquid is formed. This film at rst is of low resistanceand gradually increases as the gap increases and the llm of fluidbecomes thicker, the result being that when the gaps are fully openedthe arc extinguishing fluid in the series of gaps forms a totalresistance across which is a potential drop equal to the potential ofthe total circuit which is being interrupted. It is therefore apparentthat by introducing a suilicient number of gaps the voltage to behandled can be divided so that the potential handled by each gap fallswell within the physical, chemical and thermal capacity of theelectrolytic iluid. Further, the use of spherical members isadvantageous in that the members are not subject to electrical magneticstress which would be present during the rupture of heavy current.Rebounding of the spheres either in opening or closing of the switch isprevented by the plunger action of the spheres in the sockets due to thedisplacement of the arc extinguishing fluid. Also the action of all thespheres will be simultaneous because of the parallel relationship of thesockets.
The operation of the switch, when mounted in a vertical position asshown in Figure 2, from completely closed to completely open positionand from completely open to completely closed again is as follows: Theswitch is opened by inserting a switch hook into the ring 22 of theswitch blade. A drm quick pull on the switch hook unlatches the switchlock and pulls the switch blade out of contact, the blade swinging'about the pivot pin 11 to 90 open position. In
order, however, that the operation of the fluid switching unit may bemore readily understood, the movement of the switch blade will beconsidered in two parts, that is, from closed position to 45 openposition and from this position to fully open position.
` Referring to Figures 2 and 7, it will be observed that, whenthe switchblade is in cir- 15C cuit closed position, the tube 57 is downwardlyinclined toward its B end and the spheres 69 occupy gap closingpositions, each sphere being in engagement with an upper contact surfaceformed by the wall of a socket 70, and a lower` contact surface formedby the wall of a socket 7l. Since the sockets 7l are at this timeinclined downwardly toward the gaps, the spheres are held in gap closingposition by the action of gravity. Now, as the switch blade is swung tothe 45 position, thelever arm 46 is moved clockwise to a vertical or.dead center position, this movement causing the B end of the tube 57 totravel downwardly and to the left. Simultaneously with this movement ofthe B end of the tube, the A end is guided by the clockwise movement voflink 47 so that this end moves downwardly and to the left. It will beobserved, however, that at the 45 position, the movement to the left ofthe B end of the tube has been relatively greater than the movement tothe left of the A end of the tube; that the tube is still slightlyinclined, having almost reached a vertical position; and that during theabove described movement of the tube the' spheres 69 have remained ingap closing position, since no forces have acted to change theirposition. The circuit at this time is through the fluid switching unit,since the circuit through the switch blade has already been opened.
Immediately upon the passage oi the switch blade through its 45position, the arm 46 is moved to the left of its vertical or dead centerposition and continues to carry the B end of the tube still further in adirection to the left,
and at the same time causes this end to move upwardly instead ofdownwardly as when the arm 46 was approaching its dead center posiytion.lMoreover, the link 47 is now moving in an anti-clockwise directionwhich causes the A end of the tube to move upwardly and to the right. Asbefore, it will be observed that the movement of the B end of the tubeto the left is relatively greater than the corresponding movement of theA end of the tube'.
As a result of this change in the direction of movement of the tube 57from `a downward to an upward direction as the lever arm 46 passesthrough its vertical or dead center position, theupper contact surfacesformed by the walls of the sockets 70 are moved away from the spheres 69with a snap action. At the same instant lthe supports for the sphereshave changed. Instead of being supported on both the upper and lowercontact surfaces as previously, the spheres are now supported only uponthe lower contact sur--v faces. The motion of the tube is now such, byvirtue of moving the B end upwardly and to the left and the A endupwardly and to the right, that the lower contact surfaces will causethe spheres to move into the sockets 7l, leaving the gaps fully open.Moreover, during the movement of the switch blade from the 45 positionto the fully open or position the sockets 71 are rapidly andincreasingly downwardly inclined away from the gaps, so that the speedof movement of the spheres into the sockets 71 is augmented by theaction of gravity.
The switch is closed by inserting the switch hook into the ring 22,whereupon a rm quick thrust will swing the blade into closed position,where it is automatically locked by the engagement of the latch dog withthe contact casting 24. Since the movement of the fluid switching unit,when closing the switch blade, is just the reverse of its 4movementduring the opening of the switch blade, a detailed description of themovement of arm 46, link 47 and tube 57, is not deemed necessary.
When the switch blade is in the fully or 90 opened position, the spheres69 are retained at the closed ends of the sockets 7l by the action ofgravity, these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away fromthe gaps. This condition prevails until the switch blade has passedthrough the 45 position, at which time the arm 46 has also passedthrough its vertical or dead center position and reversed the movementof the tube 57 from a downward direction to an upward direction, thelink 47 reversing its movement from a downward to upward directionsimultaneously therewith. This movement gives a snap action of the tubeto the right which moves the sockets 71 away from the spheres and theupper. contact surfaces of the sockets 70 into engagement with thespheres. As the switch blade continues to-move from the 45 positionth'sockets 71 are rapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly towardthe gaps, thereby enabling the force of gravity to augment the speed ofmovement of the spheres into the gaps.` In the fully closed position ofthe switch blade, the spheres are again held in gap closing position bythe action of gravity and the switch blade carries the main portion ofthe current.
The operation of the switch, when mounted in the underslung position, asshown in Figure 4, from completely closed positionto completely open,and from completely open to completely closed position is as follows:rlhe switch is opened by means of a switch hook in the same manner lasthe other mountings of the switch, and for purposes of description theswitch blade is likewise considered as having its movement divided intotwo parts; that is, from fully closed position to the 45 position, andfrom the 45 position to the 90 or fully open position.
It will be observed, that when the switch bladev is in circuit closedposition, the tube 57 is downwardly inclined towards lits B end and thespheres 69 occupy gap closing positions as shown in Figure 6, eachsphere being in engagement with an upper contact surface formed by thewall of a socket 71 and a lower contact surface formed by the wall of asocket 70. Since the sockets 70 are at this time inclined downwardlytowards the gaps, the spheres are held in gap closing position by theaction of gravity. Now, as the switch blade is swung to the 45 position,the lever arm 46 is moved clockwise to a horizontal or dead centerposition, this movement causing the B end of the tube 57 to travelupwardly and to the left. Simultaneously, with this movement of the Bend of the tube, the A end is guided by the clockwise movement of link47 so that this end moves upwardly and to the left. It will be observed,however, that at the 45 position the upward movement of the B end of thetube has been relatively greater than the upward movement of the A endof the tube; that the tube is still slightly downwardly inclined towardits B end; and that during the above described movement of the tube thespheres 69 have remained in gap closing position since no forces haveacted to change their position. The circuit at this time is through thefluid switching unit since the circuit through the switch blade hasalready been opened. i Immediately upon the passage of the switch bladethrough its position, the arm 46 is moved above its horizontal or deadcenter position and continues to carry the B end of the tube stillfurther in an upwardly direction and at the same time causes this end tomove to the right instead of to the left as when the arm 46 wasapproaching its dead center position. Moreover, the link ..47 is nowmoved in an anticlockwise direction which causes the A end of the tubeto move downwardly and to the right. As before, it will be observed,`movement'of the B end of the tube is relatively greater than thedownward movement of the A end of the tube.
As a result of this change of the direction of movement of the tube57from left to right, as the lever arm 46 passes through its horizontal ordead center position, the upper contact surfaces formed by the walls ofthe sockets 'Il are forced against the spheres which are thereby driveninto the sockets 70. At Athe same time the upper contact surfaces moveaway from the spheres and the lower contact surfaces swing upwardly tomeet the spheres. At the same instant the supports for the spheres havechanged. Instead of being supported on both the upper and lower contactsurfaces as previously, the spheres are now supported only upon thelowercontact surfaces.
Moreover, during the movement of the switch blade from the 45 positionto the fully open or 90 position, the sockets 70 are rapidly andincreasingly downwardly inclined away from the gaps, so that the speedof movement of the spheres into the sockets is augmented by the actionof gravity.
The switch is closed in the same manner as previously described, andsince the 'movement of the arm 46, link 47 and tube 57 is just thereverse of their movement in opening the Switch, their movements willnot again be describedin detail.
When the switch is in the fully or opened position, the spheres 69 areretained at the closed ends of the sockets 70 by the action of gravity,these sockets at this time being downwardly inclined away from the gaps.This condition prevails until the switch blade has passed through the 45position, at which time the arm 46 has also passed through itshorizontal or dead center position and reversed the movement of the tube57 from left to right, the link 47 reversing its movement from left toright simultaneously therewith. This movement gives a snap action of thetube to the right, whichA brings the upper contact surfaces formed bythe Walls of the sockets '7l into engagement with the spheres. As theswitch blade continues to move from the 45 position, the sockets 70 arerapidly and increasingly inclined downwardly towards the gaps, therebyenabling the force of gravity to augment the speed of movement of thespheres into the gaps. In the fully closed position of the switch blade,the spheres are again held in gap closing position by gravity and theswitch blade carries the main portion of the current.
It is therefore evident that by the use of this invention adisconnecting switch is obtained which is adapted for mounting in anyposition merely by reassembling of the switch parts.
The switch is provided with full oating contact members which are selfaligning, having a multiplicity of positive contact points. Thisinvention also includes a disconnecting switch which may be Vopened in avery short period of time,
air break switch mounted for arcuate movement, an auxiliary iluid breakswitch floatingly mounted and having a tilting and translatory movement,said latter switch having parts arranged` to open and close a circuittherethrough in response to said movement, and
means connecting said air break switch to said fluid break switch forimparting said movement thereto.
2. In a disconnecting switch, a sheath having a'plurality of socketstherein, contact members disposed in said sockets, resilient meansencircling said sheath for retaining said members in said sockets, and acontact plunger for insertion into said said sheath for engaging saidmembers.
3. In a disconnecting switch, a female contact member comprising asheath having a plurality of sockets therein, balls disposed in saidsockets and projecting past the inner wall of said sheath, currentcarrying lstrips secured to one end of said sheath and in engagementwith said balls, resilient means surrounding said strips for forcingsaid strips and balls inwardly, and a male contact member for insertioninto said sheath for engaging Said bmls.
4. In an electric switch, a female contact member comprising a sheathhaving a plurality of sockets therein, balls `disposed in said socketsand projecting past the inner wall of said sheath, current carryingstrips secured to said sheath and engaging said balls, resilient meansfor forcing said strips and balls inwardly, and a male contact memberfor engaging said balls.
5. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade,a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising acontainer, a plurality of insulated conducting members insaid container,means for electrically connecting said members when said container ismoved in one direction and disconnecting said members when saidcontainer is moved in another direction, and movable connecting meansbetween said switch blade and said container for moving said containerwhen the switch blade is moved.
6. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade,a` movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising acontainer, a plurality of current carrying members having gapstherebetween, balls movable with respect to said members to close saidgaps when said balls are moved in one direction and open said gaps whenmoved in another direction,l and means for moving said balls responsiveto the movement of said blade.
7. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade,a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member comprising acontainer, a plurality of current carrying members having gapstherebetween, said members having sockets, freely moving balls in saidsockets, and means responsive to the movement of said blade for movingsaid conrainer to cause the balls to bridge said gaps or move into saidsockets.
8. In a disconnecting switch, the combination including a movable blade,a movable circuit making and breaking member, said member.
comprising a container, an arc extinguishing fluid sealed in thecontainer, a plurality of current carrying members having gapstherebetween, said members having sockets communieating with said gaps,freely moving balls in said sockets, and means responsive to themovement of said blade for moving said container to cause the balls tobridge saidgaps or move into said sockets.
9. In a disconnecting switch including means for opening and closing acircuit, said means comprising a movable contact sheath having aplurality of sockets therein, balls disposed in said sockets, resilientmeans surrounding said sheath for retaining said balls in the sockets,and a stationary contact member arranged to receive the sheath thereoverand make contact with said balls.
10. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a seriesof spaced contact members secured to said support and electricallyinsulated relative to each other, and a plurality of members oatinglyassociated with said contact members and adapted to simultaneouslyoccupy an open circuit or closed-circuit position relative to saidcontact members depending upon the movement of said support.
1l. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a seriesof contact members secured in longitudinal alignment to said support inspaced-apart relationship, and movable Contact members for bridging thespace between said contact members, said movable contact members beingconstrained for movement from the bridging position in a directionparallel to the longitudinal axis of said support and at right angles tosaid axis, said movement depending upon the direction in which saidsupport is moved.
l2. A circuit controlling device comprising a movable support, a seriesof current carrying members secured in longitudinal alignment to saidsupport in spaced-apart relationship, movable contact members forbridging the space between said current carrying members, said currentcarrying members being constrained for movement from the bridgingposition in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of saidsupport and at right angles to said axis, said movement depending uponthe position of said support, and means for moving said support in sucha manner as to cause the contact members to move simultaneously.
13. A switch comprising a movable support, a plurality of spaced contactmembers secured to said support in end to end relationship and havingsockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in one set of correspondingadjacent ends being disposed at an angle to the sockets in the other setof corresponding adjacent ends, and balls at adjacent ends of thecontact members to connect said members and establish an electriccurrent therethrough when the support is in one position, and to opensaid circuit when the support is moved to another position by movinginto either of said sets of sockets depending on the direction of motionof said supports.
14. A switch comprising a movable support, a plurality of spaced Contactmembers secured to said support in end to end relationship and havingsockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in one set of correspondingadjacent ends being disposed at an angle to the sockets in the other setof corresponding adjacent ends, balls at the adjacent ends of thecontact members to connect said members and establish an electriccircuit therethrough when the support is in one position, and to opensaid circuit when the support is moved to another position by movinginto either of said sets of sockets depending on the direction of motionof said support, and means for moving said support in such a manner thatthe balls are moved to circuit opening and circuit closing positionswith a snap action.
15. A switch comprising a hermetically sealed container mounted fortranslatory movement, a support within said container, a plurality ofspaced contact members secured to said support in end to endrelationship and having sockets in the adjacent ends, the sockets in oneset of corresponding adjacent ends being disposed at an angle tothesockets in the other set of corresponding adjacent ends, and balls atthe adjacent ends of the contact members to connect said members andestablish an electric current therethrough when the container is in oneposition, and to open said circuit when the container is moved toanother position by moving into either of said sets of sockets,depending upon the direction of motion of said container, the making andbreaking of said circuit being out of contact with the atmosphere.
16. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced currentcarrying members secured to said support, one of said members having asocket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement withthe other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable armconnected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to theother end of said support, said arm and link being relatively disposedin such a manner that movement of the arm thru its dead center positionin cooperation with the movement of said link will force said ball intoand out of engagement with both of said current carrying members.
17. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced currentcarrying members secured to said support, one-of said members having asocket, a ball in saidsocket movable into and out of engagement with theother of said current carrying members, an oscillatable arm connected toone end of -said support, a swingable link connected to the other end ofsaid support, said arm and link being relatively disposed' in such amanner that movement of the arm thru its dead center position incooperation with the movement of said link will force said ball into andout of engagement with both of said current carrying members and `tiltsaid current carrying members so that the movement of said ball in thesocket is augmented by the action of gravity.
18. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced currentcarrying members secured to said support, one of said members having asocket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement withthe other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable armconnected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to theother end of said support, said arm and link being arranged for movementin arcs which are substantially in quadrature, whereby said ball iscaused to connect and disconnect said current carrying members.
19. A switch comprising a movable support, a pair of spaced currentcarrying members secured to said support, one of said members having asocket, a ball in said socket movable into and out of engagement withthe other of said current carrying members, an oscillatable armconnected to one end of said support, a swingable link connected to'theother end of said support,
said arm and link being of such relative lengths that one end of saidsupport is laterally moved a greater amount than the other end of saidsupport.
20. A switch comprising a stationary contact member, a pivotally mountedswitch blade having a forked free end, each leg of said fork having aplurality of spaced apertures, a movable contact member having aprojecting portion extending between the legs of said fork, and pinsextending transversely through said projecting portion, said pins havingtheir ends loosely disposed in said apertures. 1'
21. In a disconnecting switch, a cylindrical sheath having a pluralityof peripheral sockets, spherical contact members disposed in saidsockets, a coiled spring surrounding said sheath for retaining saidspherical contact members in said sockets, and a contact plungerinsertable into said sheath for engagement-with said spherical contactmembers.
22. In a disconnecting switch, a cylindrical sheath having a pluralityof peripheral sockets, spherical contact members disposed in saidsockets, a coiled spring surrounding said sheath for retaining saidspherical contact members in said sockets, and a contact plungerinsel-table into said sheath for engagement with said spherical contactmembers, and means for relatively moving said contact sheath and plungeraxially when engaged and in an arc when disengaged.
23. In a device of the character described, the combination including amovable blade, an arm swingable with said blade, an oscillatably mountedlink, and means having parts arranged and positioned in such a manner asto open and close an electrical circuit therethrough in response to atranslatory movement, saidlink and arm cooperating to support said meansand move said means when the blade is moved.
24. In a disconnecting switch, a switch blade mounted for arcuatemovement, a contact member at the free end of said blade, a stationarycontact, said contacts being engageable and disengageable by relativeaxial movement thereof, and a floating connection between the firstcontact and blade to enable relative axial movement.-
the contacts are disengaged.
25. In a disconnecting switch, a switch blade mounted for arcuatemovement, a plunger member forming a contact, a tubular member foraxially receiving said plunger, one of saidmembers being carried by theblade and the other being xedly mounted to cooperate with said one ofsaid members, and a oating connection between the blade and the memberthereon, whereby the tubular member may axially receive the plungermember during an arcuate movement of the blade.
26. As an article of manufacture, a unitary replacement switching unitcomprising a sealed tubular container, external contact members at theends of the container, a support in the container, a series of spacedcurrent-carrying members secured to the support and electricallyinsulated relative to each other, the outermost of said members beingrespectively connected to the contact members of the container, aplurality of members in the container operatively associated with thecurrent-carrying members and adapted to bridge the current-carryingmembers, when the container is moved from one position to another.
27. As an article of manufacture, a unitary replacement switching unitcomprising a sealed tubular container, external contact members at theends of the container, a support in the container, a series ofcurrent-carrying members secured to said support in longitudinalalignment in spaced apart relationship and electrically insulated fromeach other, the outermost of said members being connected to the contactmembers of the container, movable members adapted to bridge the spacebetween the current-carrying members, said current-carrying membersbeing constrained -for movement from their bridging position in adirection parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container and atright angles to said axis in response to a predetermined movement of thecontainer.
28. As an article of manufacture, a self-container-switching unitcomprising a sealed tube having end contacts outside the tube, a supportof insulating material in the tube, a plurality of current-carryingmembers secured to said support in a manner to form separating gapstherebetween, said members having sockets in communication with thegaps, freely moving balls disposed so as to bridge the gaps and moveinto the sockets, and connections from the end contacts of the tube tothe outermost of the current-carrying members.
' ERNEST E. ANDERSON.
|
2024-03-22
|
1929-07-17
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1934-01-16"
}
|
US-34292640-A
|
Chair
March 9, 1943. L. LARSEN m CHAIR Filed June 28, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1March 9, 1943,
I L. LARSEN ETAL crmm Fil'ed June- 28, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 n-vs.-
Patented Mar. 9, 1943 CHAIR Lewis Larsen and Elof P. Klar, Menominee,Mich., assignors to Heywood-Wakefield Company, Gardner, Mass., acorporation of Massachusetts Application June 28, 1940, Serial No.342,926
9 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in chairs and it consists of thematters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in theappended claims.
The present invention is more especially concerned with that type ofchair wherein the seatsupporting means is mounted on a base for aforward and a backward cushioned, rocking movement and wherein it ispossible readily to shift the position of the seat-supporting meansrelative to the cushioning means. With such an arrangement, the effectof the weight of the occupant on the cushioning means may be altered sothat the rocking action may be easily changed from a relative soft oreasy one to a stiffer one.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a chair of thetype mentioned, which is more simple in construction than has heretoforebeen possible so as to embody fewer parts and which parts are correlatedto operate efficiently for the intended purpose.
Another object of the invention is to provide a chair of this kind whichmay be more readily and accurately adjusted when it is desired to changethe rocking action from a soft or easy one to a stiffer one and viceversa.
Also, it is an object of the invention to provide a chair of this kindwherein the parts are so arranged that while they are easily accessiblefor adjustment, they are substantially concealed from view from thefront of the chair and therefore the chair gives no indication of itscharacter.
The above mentioned objects of the invention, as well as others,together with'the several advantages thereof will more fully appear asthe specification proceeds.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation of a chair embodying the preferredform of the invention, parts of which are illustrated as broken away andin section for a better illustration of the structure involved.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view through the chair as taken on theline 22 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, on a somewhat enlarged scale,through a part of the chair as taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2 with theseatsupporting means shown in diagrammatic outline and in two differentpositions of adjustment.
Fig. 4 is a detail vertical sectional view, on an enlarged scale,through a part of the chair as taken on the line 44 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical detail sectional view through anotherpart of the chair, on the scale of Fig. 4, as taken on the line 55 ofFig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a detail vertical sectional view through a part of the chairas taken on the line 6-45 of Fig. 2 and on a scale greater than that ofsaid Fig. 2.
Referring now in detail to that embodiment of the invention illustratedin the drawings, ii] indicates as a whole the floor-engaging base of thechair and II indicates as a whole, the seatsupporting means of thechair.
The base 10 includes laterally spaced side bars or rails l2l2 thatconverge rearwardly toward each other and are operatively connectedtogether by front and rear cross bars l3 and i i respectively. [5indicates a shaft that extends transversely of the base in a planebetween the cross bars 13 and I4. Said shaft is non-rotatively fixed atpoints toward its ends, upon the top edges of the side bars l2 of thebase by clips I5 and the end portions of said shaft extend laterallybeyond said side bars.
The seat-supporting means i! includes a seat I! and a back rest l8, bothsuitably upholstered, and side portions l9 which may be made of wood andsuitably covered. Said side portions It, which are substantiallyparallel, are so spaced apart that they are disposed in vertical planeslaterally outward from the planes 'of the side rails I2 of the base.Along the bottom portion of the outer face of each side portion 19 is alongitudinal cleat 20.
In the bottom of each side portion i9 is provided a transverselyextending sleeve 2i (see Fig. 6) which extends into and substantiallythrough the associated cleat. The sleeves 2i receive the associated endparts of the shaft l5 outwardly beyond the clips it and whereby theseat-supporting means has a bearing on said shaft and is capable of aforward and a backward rocking movement relative to the base. The sidemembers lt-lS of the seat-supporting means ii are operatively connectedtogether at a point above and rearwardly of the cross bar i i of thebase by a transverse bar 22 as best appears in Fig. 1.
On the longitudinal median line of the chair as a Whole and consideredfrom front to the rear of the chair, is located a resilient means 23 forcushioning the rocking action of the seat supporting means ll. Saidmeans includes a single U-shaped spring, preferably of a fiatcrosssectional stock, that has upper and lower legs 24-25 which areconnected together at their front ends by a crotch or rounded portion26. When this spring is in operative position. as
24 has a boss 24a welded to its bottom side and said end part of saidleg and said boss are drilled and threaded to receive a screw 46. Thebottom end of this screw carries a cross pin 21 whereby said screw maybe turned manually. The upper end of said screw is made as a reducedextension 28 that is journalled for a turning movement in the crossmember 29 of an inverted U shaped clip 30.
The clip 33 also includes ears 3|. that depend from the ends of thecross member 29 and said ears are disposed to engageagainst the opposedfaces of depending flanges 32 and to which they are pivotally connectedas by rivets 33.. Each flange 32 is made as a part of an L-shapedbracket 34 that is fixed to the underside of the cross bar 22 thatconnects. the side members |9l9 of the seat-supporting means H together.From the above, it is apparent that the clip is capable of a limitedrocking movement with respect to the cross bar 22 and that the screw 43may be turned relatively to said clip and to the leg 24 of the springand its boss 24a.
The lower leg 25 of the U-shaped spring, which is shorter than the upperleg, engages flatwise upon a supporting member .35. This supportingmember, which is disposed in the vertical plane of the U-shaped spring,is operatively secured at its front end to the bottom edge of the frontcross bar of the base. It]. Its rear end is fixed in the bottom end of aU-shaped clip 36,. the top end of which is pivotally connected as at 31to a pair of cars 38 fixed to the front side of the cross bar M of thebase. The rear end extremity of the leg 25 is disposed within and issuitably secured to the clip 36 by the same pin or rivet 39 (see Fig. 3)that secures the rear end of the member in said, clip.
To prevent the lateral displacement of the leg 25 from its supportingmember 35, we secure a transverse plate 40 to the underside of themember. 35 by a rivet 4|, the member being located a suitable distanceforwardly of the cross bar [4 of the base. A guide clip 42 straddles theleg 25 and associated part of the member 35 and the ends of this clipare secured to the ends of the plate 40.
When the occupant of the seat causes a backward. and a forward rockingaction on the seatsupporting means I! as a whole from its normalposition of rest, said means rocks about the shaft l5. In the rearwardpart of the rocking movement of the means H, from said position of rest,toward the limit of the direction mentioned, the leg 24 of the U-shapedspring flexes from the crotch to move toward the leg 25. In the forwardrocking movement of the means II, the leg 24 of the said U-shaped springflexes upwardly so that the crotch opens up and the forward part of thelower leg bears upon that part of the bar 35 in advance of the clip 42thereon. In this movement of the leg 25, the
the are through which the means H swings about the shaft. If thismovement of the means H is sufficient to flex the bar 35, the said barwhich has a lengthwise, shallow reverse curvature formation, tends toelongate. When said bar so elongates, as its rear end is fixed to theclip 36, then said clip swings rearwardly about its axis to accommodatethat elongation. This elongation is not of any considerable degree sothat but a slight swinging movement occurs in the clip.
Of course, action of the U-shaped spring is such as to return the meansH to the normal position of rest when the occupant leaves the seat l1.
With the parts of the chair in the position shown in Fig. 1 and whereinthe seat is subjstantially horizontal, the rocking action of the bar 35flexes butslightly, if at all, according to means is one between aso-called soft rocking action and a stiff one. If the soft rockingaction is desired, then the screw 45 is turned to thread down throughthe boss so as to tilt the seat I! downwardly toward the rear. Thus, theaction of the Weight of the occupant functions in a plane substantiallyperpendicular to the plane of the leg 24 of the spring element and suchweight is more effective.
If a stiffer rocking action is desired, the screw 46 is turned in theother direction so that the means H is tilted slightly forwardly-aboutthe axis of the shaft 15 so as to impart a slight inclination to thefront part of the seat. This change in inclination is enough so that theweight of the occupant is imposed on the legs of the spring element atan angle less than the perpendicular and is thus less effective to flexsaid legs so that relatively the spring becomes stiffer. These twopositions of adjustment appear in full lines and in dotted lines in Fig.3.
The chair is of a relatively simple construction, is quiet and free fromsqueaks under rocking action and the rocking action may be readilyadjusted without the use of tools, byturning only the member 26. Theoperating parts of the chair, while disposed so as to be concealed from.view from the front of the chair, are readily acseat supporting meansmounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking. movement, said baseincluding a forwardlyand-rearwardly ea tending member which iscapable-of a longitudinal flexirg, a spring-like element arrangedbetween said base and said seat supporting means for cushioning saidrocking movement, said element including upper and lower legs extendingforwardly and rearwardly of. the chair and being 'operatively connectedtogether at one end,
said lower leg having supporting engagement upon and being operativelyconnected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means.operatively connecting. the other end of said. upper leg of. saidspring-like. elementto said seat supporting Imean's'. f a
2. A chair embodying thereina base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for abackward and forward rocking movement, a longitudinallyflexible member extending forwardly and rearwardly of the base andoperatively secured at one end to said base, means for supporting theother end of said member from said base so as to be capable of a limitedlongitudinal movement relative to the base, a spring-like elementarranged above said member for cushioning the rocking movement of saidseat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legsextending forwardly and rearwardly of the chair and being operativelyconnected together at one end, said lower leg having supportingengagement upon and being operatively connected to said forwardly andrearwardly extending member, and means operatively connecting the otherend of said upper leg of said spring-like element to said seatsupporting means.
3. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, a member extendingforwardly and rearwardly of the base and operatively secured at one endto said base, means including a link swingably mounted upon the base andto which the other end of said member is operatively connected forsupport, a spring-like element arranged above said member and arrangedsubstantially parallel therewith for cushioning the rocking movement ofsaid seat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legs,said lower legs having supporting engagement upon and being operativelyconnected to said forwardly and rearwardly extending member, and meansoperatively connecting the other end of said upper leg of saidspring-like element to said seat supporting means.
4. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said basecomprising side members and front and rear cross bars, a longitudinallyflexible forwardly and rearwardly extending member operatively disposedbetween the side members of the base and connected at one end to one ofsaid cross bars, means connecting the other end of said last mentionedmember to the other of said cross bars so as to be capable of a limitedlongitudinal movement toward and away from said other of said crossbars, a spring-like element for cushioning the rocking movement of saidseat supporting means, said element including upper and lower legsoperatively connected together at one end, said lower leg bearing uponand being operatively connected to said forwardly and rearwardlyextending member for support thereby, and means operatively connectingthe other end of the upper leg of said spring-like element to said seatsupporting means.
5. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said basecomprising side members and front and rear cross bars, a forwardly andrearwardly extending member associated with the base and disposed in aplane between the side members of the base, means operatively connectingthe front end of said member to said front cross bar, means providing aswinging link connection for the other end of said member with said rearcross bar of the base, a spring-like element arranged above said memberand having upper and lower legs that extend forwardly .and rearwardly cfthe chair, said lower leg engaging upon and being operatively connectedto said forwardly and rearw-ardly extending member, and meansoperativelybonnecting the other endof said upper leg to the seatsupporting means.
' 6. -A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting meansmounted thereon for a backward and forward rocking movement, said basecomprising side members and front and rear cross members, a forwardlyand rearwardly extending member operatively disposed between said sidemembers of the base and connected at one end to the front cross member,a pendently hanging U-shaped link pivotally connected to the rear crossmember of the base and operatively receiving and having the other end ofsaid forwardly and rearwardly extending member operatively connectedthereto, a spring-like element between the seat supporting means and thebase and including upper and low-er legs connected together at one end,said lower leg having its free end disposed in and operatively connectedto said U-shaped link, means surrounding a part of said forwardly andrearwardly extending member and a part of said lower leg at a pointbetween its ends to prevent lateral separation of said leg and saidforwardly and rearwardly extending member, and means operativelyconnecting the other end of said upper leg to said seat supportingmeans.
7. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like elementdisposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioningsaid rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legsextending from the front to the rear of the chair and operativelyconnected together at one end, means for operatively securing the otherend of the lower leg to said base, means for operatively securing theother end of said upper leg to said seat supporting means and includinga member pivoted to said seat supporting means, and a screw-like memberswivelled in said last mentioned member and having a threaded engagementwith said other end of said upper leg of said spring-like element.
8. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting means mountedthereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like elementdisposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioningsaid rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legsextending from the front to the rear of the chair and operativelyconnected together at one end, means for operatively securing the otherend of the lower leg to the base, means for operatively securing theother end of said upper leg to said seat supporting means and includinglaterally spaced ears secured to a part of said seat supporting means, amember pivotally connected to said ears about an axis disposed at aright angle to said upper leg, and a screw member swivelled in saidpivoted member and having a screw-threaded engagement with theassociated end of said upper leg of the said spring-like element.
9. A chair embodying therein a base and a seat supporting mean mountedthereon for a backward and forward movement, a spring-like elementdisposed between said base and said seat supporting means for cushioningsaid rocking movement, said element including upper and lower legsextending from the front to the rear of the chair and operativelyconnected together at one end, means for operatively securing the otherYears, and a screw member having a swivel connection with said clip andhaving a screw-threaded connection with the associated end of said upperleg of said spring-like element.
LEWIS LARSEN. ELOF P. KLAR.
|
2024-03-22
|
1940-06-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1943-03-09"
}
|
US-51006821-A
|
Article carrier
0. W. ROPER.
ARTICLE CARRIER.
APPLIQATlON FILED OCT. 24.192].
1,437,777, Pamea Dec. 5,1922.
[3 W. Ruper- Patented Dec. 5, 1922.
a arm OSMER w. norm, or vrnnnann, new annsnv.
ARTICLE CARRIER.
Application filed October 24, 1921. Serial No. 510,068.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that'l OSMER"W. Borne, a citizenof the United States, residing. at Vineland, in the county of Cumberlandand State vof New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Article Carriers, of which the following is aspecification, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings.
This -.invention relatesto article} carriers and particularly to acarrierused. for the shipment of eggs.
It is well known that-the" rectangular form of carrier, on, account-ofits construction is not practical for thereason. that the fillers usedin the egg box for the reception of the eggs, fit closely to theinnerwalls ofthe box, thereby disposing a portion of the egg in contactwith the inner wall so that in the event ofthe carrier; coming'incont-act with an object or receiving a sudden jar, there is danger ofthe egg breaking, and unques tionablyrso if-they-wall of the carrier isforced inwardly.- Furthermore, the tillers for the; container are of]specialconstruction and therefore must be furnished from thefactory-when a new supply is-necessary.
It is; therefore, ,an 'object of the invention to provide' acarrienwhichis circular in form to eliminate corners and to facilitatehandlingof the carrier. i
It is another object/of the invention to provide a dev-ice ofthischaracter-which, in View of its circular form, is spacedfrom the fillersor receptacles in which the eggs are disposed; within' the carrier sothat damage to. the wall ofthe'carrier, by an object which tends; tomutilate ,theawall will not cause damage to theeggs. I
i It is another object oftheinventionto provide a carrier of thischaracter circular informand constructed to receive a conventional form:ofrectangular individual egg-hon, the; sides and ends of the boXbeingspaced fromjthewall otthe container in view of their; rectangularformic:
It is. also an object of ther'invention to provide-a carrier. of thischaracter including novel fastening and-1 clamping means in the-form of;a bail :hasp which ishinged to one side of the-carrier and adapted toextend over the cover and into-engagement with the keeper on theopposite side-of, the carrier,v suitable fastening means-beingprovidedto preventrz lisengagement; of-th'ehasp fromithe seve e Itisstill a further object of the invention to provide a carrier of thischaracterincluding a cover having spaced guide members and a handle, thespaced guide members headapted to receive the ends of an address card,the handle being adapted to project through the card, the beep of thecarrier being also provided with an opening through which the handle ofthe cover extends, whereby the hasp serves to maintain the address cardin engagement with the cover without the use of additional securingmeans; 1 I I With these and other objects in view, the
invention consists in the improved construc-:
tion and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter 'more particularlydescribed, fully claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in which zl igure l is a transverse sectional View of a carrierconstructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, andshowing the cartonswithin the carrier;-
Figure 2 is: a top plan view of thecarrier; Figure 3 is a top plan Viewshowing the bailhasp released, a portion of the address card beingbroken away to show one of the guides; and I I Eigure i isa top planviewshowingthe hail hasp member applied and thecover removed. i
Referring to container or carrier constructed preferably of metal andbeingcircular in form. This container may be constructed in varioussizes to hold two dozen, three dozen, four dozen er-more'e ss Itsconstruction also Ob permits it to be used for conveying artlcles offood other thaneggssuch as cheese, butter, etc; as the receptacles fornoldingthe eggs are not secured in the-container.
the circulartormation' of the container, all
corners and like prfojecting'parts are eliminated, thus facilitatingthehandling of the deviceand eliminating thepossibility of the carrier,shculdit be roughly handled, from landing on any ofthe corners andthereby jarring the contentsof the carrier to such an extent as todamagelthe same. With the circular wall of the carrier, if the same isplaced on its-side, there is no danger of joltingfl Acoverfi is providedfor the carrier, said cover being circular-in form and havinga dependingannulartlange 7, the edge of'said the: drawings, 5 designates flangebeing curled to;form a, head 8. Dis I i l which extends transversel ofthe card.
posed centrally oi the cover is socket mem her 9, open at its ends torthe reception of a bail or handle 10, the handle being slightly greaterin length than the length of the socket member, but large enough toreceive the hand of a person. Disposed in spaced relation to the socketmember 9,, and on each side of the socket member, is a guide member 11,said "aide member consisting of a strip of material having one edgethereof turned back upon said strip to provide a the flanges 12 of eachmember being or extended toward each other. The ends of each of theguide members 11 are open. The purpose of the p; rticular emeut oi thehandleand the guide members, is to receive an address card 13, said cardbeing of a length to extend transversely ot the cover so that its endswill extend beneath the flanges 12 of the guide 131Gl 13. The.intermediate portion of the card 13 is provided with a longitudinal.slot 13 slot being of a length to permit the J1 tion of the bail andsocket member oil cover. By this means, the socket member an bailproject above the card and limit lateral movement of the card to a largeextent so that accidental disengagement is impossible. With thisarrangement. the socket member and bail serve as holding means for thecard by cooperating with the guide members 11, the guide members servingto protect the ends of the card.
In order to fasten thecover to the carrier, novel fastening means areprovided in the form of a bail hasp 14, said hasp consisting of a lengthof material similar to the ma terial used in the construction of thecarrier, having its longitudinal. edges beaded as at 15 to reinforce thebail hasp. The end. portions 16 and 17 are extended at right to thestrip, the distance between the junction of said end portions 16 and 17with the strip being slightly less than the distan .e between the head 8of the cover at opposite points so that when the hasp is applied to thecover it is slightly sprung to produce a clamping action. Carried by oneside of the container or carrier 5 is a plate 18 having a knuckle 19while formed on the extremity of the end 17 of the bail hasp is aplurality oi? knuckles 20, the knuckles 19 and 20 being adapted toregister for the reception of a pintle 21 by means of which the bailhasp is hinged to the carrier. The end por ion 16 is provided with anopening 22 adapted to receive a keeper 23 carried by the opposite sideof the container or carrier Any suitable means, such as a lock orkeyring, may be used to fasten the bail carrier to th container. Theintermediate portion of the strip 14 is provided with a. longitudinallyextending slot 23'" corresponding in length to the slot 13 of theaddress card and through which the socket member 9 and hail 10 areintended to extend. By this means, the bail hasp not only serves to holdthe cover in engagement with the carrier, but serves to fasten theaddress card thereto, in view ot the clamping action above described,The opening 24 in the keeper 23 is positioned so that when the lock orfastening means is applied it will urge the end portion 16 of the bailhasp member inwardly and com plete the clamping action of the bail haspmember.
W hen the device'is used for the shipment of eggs, the cardboard card orpasteboard plate 25 is placed in the bottom of the carrier. It thecarrier is constructed tortwo dozen eggs, two cardboard boxes or cartonsof conventional form are need, said cartons being similar tothose usedby grocers and poultry dealers for packing eggs so that a supply can bemaintained at any place in view of their popularity, thus eliminatingthe necessity of sending to the manufacturer. One or" these rectangularcartons 26 filled with eggs is placed in the container on the plate 25.A cardboard or pasteboard plate 27, corresponding in diameter to thediam eter of the carrier is placed upon the carton 26. Anotherrectangular carton 28 is placed upon the cardboard plate 27 and a thirdcardboard plate 29 is placed 'upon'the carton 28. The last mentionedplate is intended to fit snugly within and beneath the rolled or beadededge of the container so as to prevent unnecessary movement of the eggcartons within the carrier. The cover 13 is then applied, and the haspmember swung over the handle and into engagement with the keeper.
From the foregoing it will be readily seen that this invention providesa novel form of carrier capableo'f being used by anyone in view of thefact that the conventional tormof rectangular egg cartons may be used inconnection with the carrier. Furthermore, the circular formation of thecan rier and rectangular formation of the cartons prevents damage to theeggs even when the carrier is dented, as the sides and ends of thecartons are spaced a considerable distance from the walls of thecarrier. Furthermore, in view of the use of the conventional form ofcarton, it is not necessary to place any projection or shelves Withinthe carrier so that the entire interior may be used for shipping butter,fruit, or in fact, any article of food, handling of the carrierbein'gfacilitated by the novel form of'ba-il 10. Accidentaldisengagement of the cover is impossible, in view of the substantialform of bail hasp.'
What is claimed is 1. A carrier of the character described comprising acircular container, a cover for said container, spaced guide memberscarried by the cover adjacent its edges, a movable handle member carriedby the intermediate portion of the cover, an address card having acentral slot adapted to receive the handle, the ends of said card beingdisposed within the guide members, and means carried by the containerfor engagement with the covers and the card, to prevent disengagement ofthe cover and card with respect to the container.
2. A carrier of the character described comprising a circular containeradapted to receive rectangular cartons, a cover for the container, asocket member carried by the central portion of the cover, a bail havingits ends disposed Within said socket, a bail hasp member having one endportion thereof hinged to one side of the container, the major portionof said hasp member being adapted to extend over said container, theintermediate portion of said major portion having a slot adapted toreceive said socket member and bail, the opposite end of the bail haspmember being adapted to extend in parallel relation with the oppositeside 3. A carrier of the character described,
comprising a circular container, a cover for said container, said coverhaving a depending flange, the edge of the flange being beadedoutwardly, a bail hasp member having its end portions disposed at rightangles to the majol' portion of said bail hasp memher, one of said endportions being hinged to the container, the opposite end portion havinga slot for the reception of a keeper 1 carried by the opposite-side ofthe container, said end portions being urged over the beadedcover andinwardly upon the application of fastening means to the keeper wherebythe hasp member firmly clamps the cover to the container.
In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my,
signature.
os W. ROPER.
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2024-03-22
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1921-10-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-12-05"
}
|
US-278317D-A
|
Lifting-jack
(No Model.) f
4 i J. DAWSON.-
` 'LIFTING JACK. No.' 278,317. PatentedvMay 29,1883.
IHF
Winmx-e4.
.J EWLMA-.
UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.
JAMEs nAwsomoE sAN FEANcIsoo, CALIFORNIA.
LiF'rlNo-JACK.
SPECIFICATION forming part-of Letters Patent No. 278,317,dated May 29,1883, l
Application filed February 5, 1883. (No model.)
To all whom it 'may concern: t
Be-itknown that I, JAMES DAWSON,` acitizen of the United States,residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Franciscoand State ofCalifornia, have finvented certain new and useful Improvements inLifting-Jacks; and I do declare the following to bea full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art towhich it ap- .pertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to theaccompanying drawings, and
IS `lifting-jacks,V and has for its object the moveto the letters andfigures of reference marked thereon, hich form a part of thisspecification. l
My invention relates to improvements in ment of the lifting-bar usuallyemployed in this class of devices by means `of cogs, gearwheels, and acrank-arm, the arrangement and operation of which will be more fullypointed out in the specification and claims.
Figure l is a side view of Inj-'improved lifting-jack, showing the sideof casing, and by Fig; 2 is-a 1ony is a detail view of the bushings.
`A represents a metallic shell,` preferably cast rectangular in form,`and having a. chamber, a, of rectangular form,in its upper end,
and a. similar chamber a in its lower end.l
These chambers a and c are formed with angular apertures through theircenters for the i j passage of the lifting-bar B,and are of sufcientwidth and depth to admit the friction-- rollers b and b. These rollersare formed to play loosely inside the chambers aand at', and arearranged to work against the sides of the chambers aand c andagainst thesides and rear of the lifting-bar B. The lifting-bar B is formed ofmetal, rectangular in shape, and has one edge serrated or grooved outcrosswise to form teeth or cogs. `The purpose of "this formation, aswill be more fully pointed out, is to gear with cog-wheels when moved npor down through the casing A by gearwheels andzpinions.
Each side of the casing is perforated at two points equidistantfromeachother,and on the d so outer side of the casing A these perforations lterminate in hollow projections c and c. In-
side these projections bushings ci and d' are placed to form thejournals or bearings for the shafts G and C. These bushings d and d areformed to pass from the outer side of the projections c and c through tothe inner sides of the casing A, and are held in place by setscrews eand c. The projections o and c are connected by stiffening-ribs f, thepurpose of` mesh with and `operate the toothed rack-bar or lifting-barB.
0n the outer side of gear-wheel g, and near the'inside of casing A, issecured on shaft O a larger gear-wheel, g.
Shaft U is formed with an angular projection 0n its outer end for thereception of a crankarm or other device by which movement iscommunicated to said shaft. On the inside of the casing A, and directlyopposite wheel g, is secured on shaft G a small gear-wheel, h, and ofsufficient size to mesh or gear with wheel g.
The operation `is-as follows: Lifting-bar B is inserted through theapertures in chambers o anda through the casing with the teeth or cogsmeshing with the teeth or cogs of gearwheel g, when power is applied tothe shaft Cby means of its angular end, when the bar B is moved up ordown,"as desired.
Having thus described my invention, what I desire to secure by LettersPatent isl small gear-wheel, g, the purpose of which is tof l. Thecombination of the casing A, having.
chambers a and a', holding friction-rollers b and b', the shafts C andC', bushings.` d and d', gear-wheels g, g', and h, with theliftingbar'B, substantially as shown and specified.
I 2. A lifting-jack provided with a casing, A, having chambers c and a',containing frictionrollers against which the lifting-bar moves whenoperated by shafts and gear-wheels, substantially as shown andspecified.
3. Thebushingscl and d', formed as described,
and adapted to pass into Ihe projections cand c', and retained in placeby set-screws, substantially as shown.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
JAMES DAWSON.
Witnesses GEO. H. NoRnIs, J. J. KELLY.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1883-05-29"
}
|
US-3959848-A
|
Dental tool sharpening device
Dec. 11, 1951 M R A 2,578,081
' DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Filed July 20, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Cham A Miller Samuel L. Harder IN VENTORJ' BY MM EM 1951 c. A. MILLER ETALDENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE 3 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed July 20, 1948 Fig.7.-
Fig.3.
"Kimm Chan! A Miller Samuel L. Border INVENTORS 11,1951 c. A. MILLERETAL 2,578,081
DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Filed July 20, 1948 I s Sheets-Sheet 3 5 Fi n I i 4 I 5 r i 1 I I 1 1 5 i v i n Chant A. Miller Samuel L. BorderINVENTOM Patented Dec. 11, 1951 DENTAL TOOL SHARPENING DEVICE Chant A.Miller, Winamac, and Samuel L. Border, Monon, Ind.
Application July 20, 1948, Serial No. 39,598 2 Claims. (01. 51-59) Thepresent invention relates to new and useful improvements in tool orinstrument holding and sharpening devices and more particularly to adevice of this character for sharpening dental instruments.
An important object of the invention is to provide a dental toolsharpening device for holding and sharpening various types of tools andembodying means for holding the tool or instrument at a proper anglewith respect to a reciprocating sharpening stone to effect thesharpening thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide a tool holder embodyingmeans for adjusting the angle of the tool longitudinally as well astransversely of a reciprocating sharpening stone in accordance with thebevel of the tool to maintain the original bevel of the tool during thesharpening action and to provide dials to indicate both the longitudinaland transverse angle of the tool.
Another object of the invention is to provide a longitudinallyadjustable'tool holder for placing the tool at a proper starting pointwith respect to the reciprocating stone during the sharpening process.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a manuallyoperated reciprocating sharpening stone with means connecting a rockabletool supporting arm to the reciprocating mechanism whereby a tool islowered into a sharpening position at one end of the stone at thebeginning of its sharpening stroke and to raise the tool out of contactwith the stone during its return stroke.
A still further object is to provide an apparatus of this character ofsimple, practical and compact construction, which is eificient andreliable in operation, relatively inexpensive to manufac ture'andotherwise well adapted for the purposes for which the same is intended.
Other objects and advantages reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, wherein likenumerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
- Figure 1 is a side elevational view;
Figure 2 is a top plan view;
Figure 3 is an end elevational view;
Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the housing or tablefor the reciprocating stone taken substantially on a line 4-4 of Figure3; i I
Figure 5 is a transverse sectional; view taken substantially one line5-5 of Figure 1; v
Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on a line 6-6of Figure 5 and showing the cam for rocking the tool holder;
Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the stop limitingthe rocking movement of the tool holder and taken substantially on aline 'l--'I of Figure 1;
Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of the toolclamp for the tool holder and the indicating scale for the longitudinalangle of the tool and taken substantially on a line 8-8 of Figure 1;
Figure 9 is an enlarged sectional view of the transverse angle adjustingmeans and indicating scale for the tool holding arm taken substantiallyon a line 9-.9 of Figure 3; and,
Figure 10 is a perspective view of the rotating bushing for the toolsupporting arm.
Referring now to the drawings in detail wherein for the purpose ofillustration we have disclosed a preferred embodiment of the inventionthe numeral 5 designates a substantially rectangular shaped hollow baseor housing having a top 6 provided with a longitudinal slot 1 to providea table in which a sharpening stone tray 8 is positioned forreciprocating movement in the slot, the tray supporting a sharpeningstone 9 therein and formed in its surface with longitudinal grooves l0shaped to accommodate various sizes and types of tools to be sharpened.The tray 8 is suitably secured on top of a slide ll of laminatedconstruction to the corners-of which rollers I2 are journaled fortraveling in tracks l3 secured to the underside of top 6 at each side ofthe slot 1.
A bar [4 is suitably secured to the underside of slide H in a transverseposition and is formed with a slot l5 extending transversely of theslide to provide a track in which a roller l6 travels, the roller beingsupported on the upper surface at the free end of a horizontallyswinging arm ll which is secured at its other end to the upper end of avertical shaft [8 secured in a substantially rectangular frame I!supported in an upright position in the base 5.
A bevel gear 20 is secured to shaft 18 and is driven by a bevel gear 2|secured on the inner end ,of a horizontal shaft 22 journaled in theframe l9 and extending outwardly through one side of the base 5 and tothe outer end of which is secured a handle 23.
A stationary shaft 24 is supported in a pair of hangers 25 at one end ofthe base 5 with a rocker arm 26 pivoted at one end to the shaft andextending longitudinally in the base with 3 its free end riding on a cam2i secured to shaft 22. A coil spring 28 attached to the underside ofrocker arm 26 holds its free end downwardly on the cam.
A pair of posts 29 are pivoted at their lower ends on the end portionsof shaft 24 and project upwardly through slots 38 in the top and in theadjacent end portion of the base for forward and rearward rockingmovement of the posts. An L-sh'apedblock 3i 'and spacing block 32 aresecured to rocker arm 26 and a substantially semi-circular plate 33 issuitably secured to the lower end of an adjacent post 29 withanarcuateslot 34 therein to receive a set screw 35 projecting through an opening36-inthe adjacent side of the base and threaded into the upstandingportion of the L-shaped block 31, i i-knurled knob 31 is formed on theouter end of set screw 35 and a washer 38 is carried by the set screw tobear against the plate 33 to lock the post in a-'liniit'ed's'wingingniovement to rocker arm "2%, "the opening 36 being 'of"sufficient diameter to permit movementofs'et'screw 35 during limitedrocking movement of the post.
The upper '"e nds of posts '29 are connected. to each other foruniformrbckin'g movement by *a cross bar 33 in the ends of which setscrews id are threaded working in vertical slots It! in the upper endsof the -posts to secure the cross bar in vertically adjusted-position onthe posts.
The crossbar is seated in-'a groove #2 at the top of a guide block "4'3whichds secured to the cross bar-'andadjus'tabletransversely of table ortop *6 by a set 'screw 41! freely positioned in a slot in thecrossbarandthreaded downwardly into a bushing 46 suitably 'secured inblock 43.
n deht'al tool supporting arm ii is slidabl'e and rotatable in the block43 and bushing W6, the armbeing rounded in'c'ross section and having afiat'sidefi against which is held a stationary filler strip ifi by meansor an internal pin "'55 carried by a "bushing 5! "rotating in the block,the bushing '5l having 'acircumferential groove '52 receivin "a*s'et-screwts to hold the bushing against "endwise movement. The fillerstrip "43 restores the "roundedco'rrtour of the position of arin "47positioned in {block 43.
"A semi-dream *dial plate 54 is "secured in a fiXed-position tb thefrontend-of-bl'o'ck 13 by a bracket tifi and is providedat'its front facewith a scale 5S-graduated'-in degrees. A pointer s? is secured'toa=fiangefr8 at the' front end of bushing 51 for swinging the jifoirlt'eraround the scale 55 epsn mnaem "of arm "41 v A bracket 59 is secured tothe -front ehdoi arm d'l to on'e side of whiclra' tool holder 69 issecured for ve'rtical swin'ging "movements? means ofa set screw 6| whose"head -bin'cls against the rear -of "a semi-circular dial plate 62Q-fi'ir'ed to bracket Sa as shown more clearly in Figure '8,
and positioned parallel to {arm 41-.
The tool holder fieis for'me'd "with a groove 63 in-its outer surfacein*which a dental instrument fi' 4' is-clamped invertica'llyadj'ustedposition by a thumb nut 65 threaded ih aguide ii'fi'bridging thegroove.Tl1e front 'fac'eo'f diaI 'pl'ateEZ is provided witha sc'al'e fi'lgraduated in degrees and a pointer68-is suitably secured to tool holder60 'toproject upwardly therefrom 'for swinging around scale '57 uponadjustment of the tool holder. f i
In the operationof the device,a dental instrument 55 is clampedingroov'e 63 of tool holder 60 in aposition for the engagement of'the'lower end of the instrument with sharpening stone *9.
swinging the tool holder 60 on its pivot and locking the same by setscrew 6!, and the instrument is adjusted in its transversely inclinedposition by rotating arm 41 in block 43 and locking thesame -by-setscrew 44.
The instrument may-also beadjusted longitudinally and transversely withrespect to its starting position on stone Si by sliding the arm H -;inblock 4-3 and by sliding block 53 on cross bar 39, both of suchadjustments being held by set screw M. The block 43 and tool holdingarm. 47 may be adjusted vertically in posts 29 by raising or loweringcross bar 39.
With the instrument 64 held in its proper starting position with respectto sharpening stone 'Q, handle '23 is rotated in a proper direction torotate shafts l8 and 22, the shaft 1 8 swinging arm l1 horizontally toslide tray 8 and sharpening stone 9 ma reciprocating movement in'guides13 of heads of the base 5.
As the instrumented reaches the end oi stone 9, cam 21 on shaft 22 willraise-rocker arm 26 to swing posts 29 rearwardly'to thus raise theinstrument out of contact with the stone "and to hold the instrument inits raised position during return stroke of the stone, and at thecompletion of such return stroke the spring 28 will lower rocker arm 26,swing posts 29 forwardly and again lower instrument'tfi to contact thestone.
The raising and lowering 'movement of the instrument duringreciprocating movement of the stone is slight and the. posts 29 may bereleased from rocker arm 2-6 by releasing set screv 3? and the postsmanually swung rearwardly to raise arm '41 and instrument E ia desiredheight for inspection of the instrument and for removal and replacingother instruments in the holder.
In view of theforegoing description taken in conjunction'with theaccompanying drawings it is believed that a clear understanding of theconstruction, operation and advantages of the device will'be quiteapparent to those skilled in this art. A'more detailed "description isaccordirigly deemed unnecessary.
It is to be understood, however, that even though there ishereinsho'w'nand described-a preferred embodiment of the inventionthe-"same is susceptible to certain changes fully comprehended bythespirit of the invention as herein described and the scope of theappended claims.
Having describedthe invention, what is-clairned as new is:
1. A tool sharpener comprising -reciprocable sharpening stone, "apair-of upstanding rockable supports adjacent one end of th'e stone,cr'oss bar connecting the upper ends of the sup-ports toeach other,"a-tool supnortin'g armfairarm holding member slidably'carriedby the-cro'ss'b'ar' and in which the tool supporting arm is slidabIy androtatably positioned, and-a tool holder pivotally mounted at one end ofthe arm.
A tool sh'arpene'r comprising a hollow base, a sharpening stone'slidably supported on 'the base, an upstanding rockable support pivotedto the base adjacent one end of the stone, a tool supporting ar'm,'meansearriedby the upstanding support sli'dably androtatably supportingthe arm above the stone, mechanism in the. base reciprocably actuatingthe stone and including a REFERENCES CITED Shaft a rocker arm plvoted atend In the The following references are of record in the base, cam meanson the shaft actuating the rocker fil f this patent;
arm, and connecting means between the rocker 5 arm and the upstandingsupport to raise and UNITED STATES PATENTS lower the tool supporting armin timed relation Number Name Date to the movement of the stone, saidconnecting 1 411 713 Downing Apt 4 1922 means including means on theoutside of the 1605784 Schmitt 1926 base for releasing the upstandingsupport for 1Q 2165929 Lentz 1939 manual mcking mwement thermf 2:391:260Miller EZZYIII: Dec. 181 1945 CHANT A. MILLER. SAMUEL L. BORDER.
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2024-03-22
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1948-07-20
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1951-12-11"
}
|
US-80153D-A
|
Alexander dickson
@uiten gieten.. @anni t't'jirg.Y
Letters Patent Na.'80,153, dted July 2l, 1868.
iiirnovim TBRINB SUPPOBTBB.
iilge .Srlgehile nfrmr tu in tlgm Estepa utent mnmkizg tarief igsfame;
To ALL vWH'OM .1T MAY CoNcEnN:
Be it knownthat I, ALEXANDER Dickson, of the city -of Meadville, inthe'county of" Crawford, andS'tate,
of Pennsylvania, have invented a new an'd improved Female UterineAbdominal S4upportex; nndAI do hereby declare that the followingQis afull and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying` drawings', and letters of reference marked thereon.
Figure 1 represents the inside ofjmy supporter, z'. e., the side wornnext to the body.,` M is a strong band of `double cloth or leather, witheyelet-h'oles at N N forlacingaround'the body. y This band -is divided.into ve pieces, and the sume attached together at C C C C by elasticbands.-
A is a large pad, which is placed over .the spine. l B B, two smallerpads in front; D D, two straps passing between the thighs,.andbuckledatEE. ,The supporter'is worn around thebody immediately above-thehips. What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by'LettersPatent of. the yUnited States, is?- K v A uterine supporter constructedin five parts, the samebeing joined together by the elastic bandsy C C010 in combination with the pads B B' and A, constructed as describedfor the purposes set forth'.
- f ALEXR.- DICKSO'N;
' Witnesses:
A. `B. RICHMOND, Ron Rnxsmosn.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1868-07-21"
}
|
US-470867D-A
|
Carriage for separators
(No Model.)
A. G .,HOPKI NS. CARRIAGE FOR SBPARATORS.
7 Patented Mar. 15. 1-892.
UNTTE TATns Fries;
PATENT CARRIAGEFOR SEPARATORS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,867, dated March15, 1892.
Application filed October 23,1891. Serial No, 409,619. (No model.) v
To aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ADELBERT O. HOPKINS, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Ashippun, in the county of Dodge, and in the State of\Visconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCarriages for Separators, 850.; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereo My inventionhas for its objectto provide a carriage for certain machines-such, forinstance, as separators-that require to stand level when in operation inorder to produce the best results; and said invention consists incertain peculiarities of construction and combination of parts to behereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings andsubsequently claimed.
In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation, partly insection, of a carriage constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2, aplan view of the same, partly broken away; Fig. 3, a detail frontelevation with certain of the parts in section; and Fig. 4, a detailplan view, partly in horizontal section, on line 4 4 of the precedingfigure.
Referring by letter to the drawings, A B represent front and rear axlesfor wheels 0 D, said axles being provided with bolsters E F andconnected by a reach G to thereby form the running-gear of my carriage.Supported on the bolsters E F is a frame H, that serves as the sills onwhich to mount a separator or other machine, this frame being shown ashinged to the front bolster.
The rear axle B is shown as provided with suitable sockets Z), in whichthe lower round ends 0 of vertical posts I are free to turn, and theseposts are also free to turn in the bolster F, that is mounted on saidaxle. The upper portions of the posts I are screw-threaded, and the sidepieces of the sill-frame H are provided with screw-threaded openings forengagement with said posts. Just above the axle in which it is socketedeach post I is squared or otherwise suitably constructed to receive aworm-wheel J, that will be free to move on said post in a verticaldirection, but which on rotation will cause a corresponding movement ofthe said post and consequent raising or lowering of the adjacent portionof the sill-frame.
Arranged in suitable bearings d is a shaft K, provided with worms L formesh with the worm-wheels J on the posts I, and one end of this shaft isprovided with a sprocket-wheel M, connected by a drive-chain N with asimi lar wheel P, mounted on a stud e, that is laterally extended fromthe sill-frame, this latter sprocket-wheel being actuated by a crank Qto impart motion to a sprocket and wormgear, above described.
Each worm-wheel J is provided with a depending collar R, having anannular groove f, for engagement with the fork g of an angular bar S,that works in guides 71 on the adjacent axle and is held in its adjustedposition by a spring '1, fast at one end to said bar and impingedagainst one of the guides for the same, as best illustrated in Fig. 1.By a movement of either bar S the relative worm-wheel J may be thrown inand out of gear with the corresponding worm L on the shaft K when it isnot desirable to operate the screw-post that is controlled as torotation by said worm-wheel.
\Vhile I have shown only the posts I and their actuating mechanism inconnection with the rear portion of the sill-frame, I do not wish to beunderstood as confining myself thereto, as a similar construction may beas readily employed in connection with the front portion of saidsill-frame without departure from thespirit of my invention.
In practice if a carriage does not stand on level ground the sill-frameis adjusted by the mechanism above described to level the machine thatmay be supported thereon, it only requiring that the operator shallengage the necessary worm-gear and turn the crank controlling thesprocket and chain-gear to effect the desired result, there being enoughplay in a full-sized machine, between the lower ends 0 of the posts Iand their sockets or between the screws E and the frame F to preventcramping of said parts when the adjustment is effected.
A carriage similar to that above described is particularly useful inconnection with separators that require to stand perfectly level inorder that the grain may feed evenly over the sieves, and by theemployment of such a carriage will save the time and trouble usuallydevoted to leveling a separator by the usual methods and means.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free toturn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, asill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, aworm-wheel on each post, a shaft provided with worms for engagement withthe worm-wheels, and suitable means for rotating the shaft,substantially as set forth.
2. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free toturn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, asill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, aworm-wheel vertically adjustable on each post, a shaft provided withWorms for engagement with the worm-wheels, and suitable means forrotating the shaft, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination, with the running-gear, of vertical posts free toturn on said runninggear and having screw-threaded upper portions, asill-frame having threaded openings engaging the post-threads, aworm-wheel on each post, a shaft provided with worms for engagement withthe worm-wheels, a sprocketwheel on the shaft, a similar wheel on thesill-frame, a drive chain connecting the sprocket-wheels, and a crankconnected to the sill-frame sprocket-Wheel, substantially as set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand, atOconomowoc, in the county of WVaukesha and State of Wiscousin, in thepresence of two witnesses.
ADELBERT C. HOPKINS.
"Witnesses:
MERRIL HATCH, OSCAR F. JONES.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1892-03-15"
}
|
US-24972751-A
|
Oil burner pumping unit
Original Filed March 8, 1948 R. R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT 4Sheets-Sheet l g- 1952 R. R. WITHERELL 2,606,497
I OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT Original Filed March 8, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2I IAINVENTOR. 72;? 2?; Wfz lkerall.
"Bygj Aug. 12, 1952 R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNIT Original FiledMarch 8, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 IVINVENTOR. Faierz F, lflz'f/l axzll JJWg way 4 Sheets-Sh eet 4 x A I 43 R. R. WITHERELL OIL BURNER PUMPING UNITAug. 12, 1952 Original Filed March s, 1948 Patented Aug. 12, 1952UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE Robert R. Witherell, Bloomington, Ill.,assignor to Eureka Williams Corporation, Bloomington, 111., acorporation of Michigan Continuation of application Serial No. 13,718,March 8, 1948. This application October 4, :1951; Serial No.:2.49,727
. 1 This inventionrelates to a pumping unit for supplying fuel and airto oil burning apparatus and has particular relation to the constructionand assembly of the various elements of saidunit within and upon acasing for such elements and the construction and assembly of the casingin cornbinaticnwith other unitsof such oil burning apparatus.
Some of the-objects of the invention are to provide: 7 v
A pumping unit for oil burning apparatus which consists of elements thatareeasy to construct and to assemble within a single unit that can beattached to and made a part of the complete oil burning apparatus.
A pumping unit which issimple in construction and easy to adjust, toassemble, and to service.
A pumping unit which is quiet in operation and which will not giveoffobjectionable .oil fumes into the surrounding atmosphere.
A pumping unit in which novelmeans .is provided for assembling all ofthe elements of the unit within a pumping unit casing and for aligningthe same with drive shaft means and other elements of the complete 011burning apparatus.
A pumping unit in'which novel .air pump, fuel pump, and fuel meteringpump constructions are employed.
Other and further objects of the invention will be apparent by reference.to the accompanying drawings of which there are four sheets, which, byway of illustration, show a preferred embodiment and the principlesthereof and whatjI now consider to be the best mode in which .I havecontemplated applying these principles. Other embodiments of theinvention embodyingv the same or equivalent principles may be used andstructural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the present invention and the purview of theappended claims. I also contemplate that of the several differentfeatures of my invention, certain ones thereof may be advantageouslyemployed in some'applications separate and apart from the remainder ofthe features.
Referring particularly to the drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view with certain partsthereof in elevation of a .part of an oil burning apparatus, includingtherein a pumping unit embracing the principles of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a portion ofthe structureillustrated by Fig. 1 adjacent the fuel pumpingmeans which is employedin the structure. Fig. 2 istaken-on line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking in thedirection of the arrows. v
Fig. 3 is another cross-sectional view" through the structure disclosedby Fig. 1 illustrating the 14 ,Claims. (Cl. 103-5) fuel pumpingmeansemployed in such structure. Fig. .3 is taken substantially in the planeof line 3-3 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view through the fuel metering meansemployed in the structure disclosed by Fig. 1. Fig. -4 is takensubstantially in the plane of line 4-4 in Fig. flocking in the directionof the arrows. 1
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view through the structure disclosed by Fig.1 and through one of the end plates for the air pumping means includedtherein. Fig. 5 is taken substantially on the plane of 5-5 on Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view through the air pump structure employedin the pumping unit disclosed by Fig. 1. Fig. .6 is taken substantiallyin the plane of line .66 on Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is another cross-sectional view through the other of the air pumpend plates and the fuel cleaning compartment embraced in the pumpingunit. Fig. '7 is takenysubstantially in the p e of e -1 lookingin thedirection of the .arrows thereon.
Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of certain parts of the oil burningapparatusin which the pumping, unit embracing the principles of thisinvention is employed.
Referring to Fig. 1, the numeral 10 indicates a portion of a motorcompressor unit employed in the oil burning apparatus .with which thepumping unit indicated by the numeral H is adapted to be employed. Themotor compressor unit It includes a shaft I2 which is adapted to bedriven by an electric motor, not shown, and on which ismounted .a fan,not shown. The fan referred to supplies the main quantity of secondarysupply of .air employed ,in the fuel burning apparatus. The motorcompressor unit It! with which the pumping unit H is employed may be amotor compressor unit such as that disclosed incopending applicationSerial No. 772,970, filed September 9, 1947, for Motor Compressor Unit,rl ggii Patent No. 2,542,121, issued February .20,
The numeral 13 indicates an inlet .portion of the housing .for the fanemployed in the motor compressor unit .10, the air supplying the fanbeing admitted through openings 14 which are formed within the housing[3 between circumferentialrings [6 extending about the housing. The airadmitted through the openings l4 passes into the fanthrough a fan'inletindicated by the numeral I]. v
The shaft i2 drives the pumping unit if through-a shaft-coupling [B inthe opposite end of which a shaft l9 employed in the unit .H is secured.Theshaft I9 is securedin the coupling The bearing 2| is held in a 22 bya spring and cap structure indicated by' the numeral 23.
23 is held in position against the end of the end plate 22 by screwsindicated at 24.
In order to properly center the bearing 2| and the shaft |9 with respectto the housing I3, there;
is provided within the housing |3 an axially disposed cylindricalopening indicated at 26. The opening 26 is adapted to receive theexterior surface 21 of the end plate'22 and to form a close sliding fittherewith in order to locate the plate 22 with'respect to'th'e end ofthe housing l3 and drive shaft |2 of'the oilburningapparatus I0. Thehousing |3 also is provided with an axially extending cylindrical flange28 which'projects from the end of the" housing I3 in such a way that theend surface 'o'f-the flange isdisposed normal with respect to the axisof the cylindrical surface 26. The flange 28 is adapted to provide aseating surface against which the endof a similar cylindrical flange29formed on ahousing 3| for the pumping unit is seated. The housing 3| isgenerally cylindrical in formation except for the projection'from theupper central portion thereof of a projection indicated-at 32 and withinwhich a'chamber 33 is provided for a liquid fuel cleaning device 34.'Formed across the central portion of the'casing 3| and disposed intransverse relation 'to the axis thereof is a web or support indicatedat'36 which is provided with a centrally disposed opening 3f! throughwhich shaft |9projects.
Disposed on the side of the support 36 adjacent the apparatus I is arotary vane compressor indicated generally at 38. The compressor 38 (seealso Figs. 5,6, and 7) comprises an end cap 39, a compressor cylinder4|, and the end cap 22 previously referred to. Within the cylinder'4lthere is provided an eccentrically disposed pumping chamber 42 which isadapted to be engaged by the ends of blades or'vanes 43 which aredisposed radially within slots 44 formed in a rotor 46 securedconcentrically with respect to shaft l9. In order to provide for theaxial movement of the shaft |9 with respect to the rotor 46,'the shaftI9 is provided with anarcuate depression indicated at 41 in which a ball48 is adapted to be seated. Rotor 46 also is provided'with a pluralityof axially disposedgrooves 49 extending between the opposite endsurfaces thereof, one of which receives the ball 48. It willbe apparentthat the ball 48 is free tov move with the shaft l9 within its groove49..
In order to provide means for properly aligning the variousparts of thecompressor 38 within the casing 3| and the casing 3| with respect to thehousing l3, there is provided within the end of the casing 3| withinwhich the compressor 38 is received a plurality of radially disposed,inwardly projecting, longitudinally extending guides indicated at Theexterior surface of the end caps 22 and 39 are formed of such a diameteras to slidably fit the inner surface of the guides 5|, and the cylinder4| 'is' provided with a radially disposed projection 52 likewise adaptedto slidably engage the'inner surfaces of the guides 5|.
Disposed beyond the support 36 within the The spring and cap structure M4 casing 3| is a fuel supply pump indicated generally at 53 and a fuelmetering pump indicated generally at 54 (see Figs, 2, 3, and 4) The fuelsupply pump 53' consists of a pair of end plates 56 and 51 between whichis located a cylinder block 58. Formed as a part of the end plate 51 isa metering pump block 59 beyond which is a metering pump end plate 6|.The end of the casing 3 containing the fuel supply pump 53 and themetering pump 54 is similarly provided with longitudinally disposedguide rails 62 within which the various elements of the fuel supply pump53 and. fuel metering pump 54 previously referred to are adapted to beslidably disposed.
In order to secure all of the various elements of the air pump 38, thefuel supply pump 53, and the fuel metering pump 54 together within thecasing 3|, and-in order to secure the casing and its various elements tothe housing |3, there is provided a plurality of securing means to behereinafter described and by the employment of which the variouselements of the'structure are successively secured to" on another andthe entire structure secured to the housing |3'.- One of such securingmeans is a plurality of machine screws indicated at 63 which extendthrough openings 64 formed in the support 36 in such manner that thefuel supply pump end cap 56 may be secured by such bolts to one side ofthe support 36 while the end caps 22 and 39 and the cylinder block 4|are secured to the oppositesurface of the support 36. It will be notedfrom Fig. 1 that the end cap 22 has threadedopenings; 65, formed thereinfor receiving the threaded ends of the screws 63 while the end cap 56has countersunk openings 66 extending thereacross for receiving theheads of the bolts 63. It will be noted from Fig. 6 that the cylinderblock 4| is provided with relief openings indicated at 61 for receivingthe screws 63, these relief openings being larger than the studs so asto permit proper positioning of the cylinder block within the guides 5|.From Fig. 7 it will likewise be apparent that the end cap 39 is alsoprovided with relief openings indicated at 68 which are also larger thanthe screws 63 for a similar purpose.
It will be apparent that when the end cap 56 is positioned on one sideof the support 36 and the end cap 39, the cylinder block 4| and the endcap 22 are'positioned upon the opposite side of support 36, all of suchelements being properly positioned within the guides 5| and 62, that thescrews 63 then may be inserted in the various openings and all of theelements referred to will be properly assembled upon the support 36.
Thereafter the entire casing structure may be assembled upon the housingl3 by the employment of machine screws indicated at 69. In order to beable to employ the machine screw '69, there is provided in the housingI3 within the annular flange 28 countersunk openings, indicated at Hwhich are formed in the housing in such manner as to be insertable fromthe interior of the housing i3. By referring to Figs. 5, 6, and lit willbe noted that the distance between the openings provided for the machinescrews 69 is greater than the diameter of any of the elements of the airpump 38 so that the machine screw extends through the casing, 3| outsideof the elements of the pump 38. ,Howeventhe support 36 is provided withenlarged bosses indicated at 12 and in which openings are provided forreceiving T-nuts 13 in which the inner ends of the machine screws '69are threaded. When'the machine screws 69 are properly secured within theopenings H and acorns? with respect to the-housing I3 by the. machinescrew 59 and that the elements of the air pump 33 and the casing 3| willbe centrally located with respect to the housing I3 by the end cap 2-!and the guide rails 54 Thereafter by the employment of machine screws74, it is possible to properly position within the casing 3| and tosecure therein upon the support 35 the various elements-of the fuelsupply pump 53 and the cylilder block 59 for the fuel metering pump 54.In order to provide for such assembly, end plate 55 is provided withthreaded openings indicated at It, the fuel pump block 58 is relieved asindicated at TI, and the metering pump block and end plate 59 isrelieved as indicated at it. Thereafter when the blocks 55 and 59 havebeen properly positioned within the guide rails 62. the machine screws14 are positioned within relief openings TI and I8 and tightened withinthe threaded openings i5. I
Thereafter the metering pump and bloci: may
be secured upon the metering pump block 59 by the employment of screwsindicated ate l.
The remaining endof the shaft I9 is rotatably securedin a sintered,powdered, metallic, selfaligning bearing 82 which is adapted tobemovably supported within a bearing support surface 33 formed in theendplate 56. The bearing 82 is held against the surface 83 by a springand cap structure indicated at 84 which is secured rigidly between thecap '6 and the support .35. The opening 3! provided in the support 35 isadapted to be clos'edby a fluid-tight seal indicated at-86, thelatterconsisting of a rotating element 81 and a stationary element '88.Referring particularly to Fig. 8, it will be noted that the rotatingelement 31 comprises an internally flanged cap 89 in which a resilientsealing member 9-I is disposed around the shaft I9. "The opposite end ofthe sealing member is reinforced by a collar 92 engaging a ring 93disposed within a circumferential opening formed with the shaft I9. Thestationary element 88 of the seal 86 comprises an annular sealing member94 adapted to run against the adjacent end of the member 89 and 'beingsupported upon a flanged sleeve indicated at 9B. The flanged portion ofthe sleeve 95 is engaged by one end of a spring 91, the opposite end ofwhich is disposed against the end surface of an opening 98 formed withinthe end cap 39.
The flanged sleeve 95 also is movably supported by a flexiblediaphragmindicated at 99, the inner periphery of which is secured between theflanged portion of the sleeve 96 and the adjacent surface of the sealingring 54. The outer periphery of the diaphragm 99 is secured regidlybetween the end cap 39 and the adjacent surface of the support 36.
Further, .it will be noted; that the annular space around the.pumpingnunits: onopposite sides of the support are. in opencommunication through the enlarged openings r64 through which themachine screws 63 extend.
; Referring now particularly to 8', it will be noted that the pumps'38., 53, and 54 are connected by ;various internally and externallyformed passagesgto the nozzle I03 of the oil burning apparatusJI-Il.Referringzparticularly to the airpump 38 it will be noted that the "endplate 39 is formed in such manner -as;to provide an inlet passage Hi4communicating with the annular space Hi5 formed between the pump 38 andthe end of the casing ;3 I between the support 36 and the housing I3. Asthe .rotor fliof the pump 38 is rotated by the shaft 19., air will bedrawn inwardly from the annular space 105 and compressed within the pump38 by the vanes 43. The air within the 'annular space I05 is admitted tothe casing 3| through a plurality of ports I96 and 561 formed in thecasing 3 l onopposite sides of the support 35. ,It will be apparent thatthe air which is, admitted through the ports. It! will be admitted to anannular space I08 formed around the elements of the fuel pump 53 and thefuel metering pump 54 and from the annular space His will be admitted tothe annular space H through the openings 64.. It will thus be apparentthat any oilv fumes which may result from the operation of the pumps 53and 54 will be drawn-into the pump 38 through the inlet I04.
The outlet or discharge .from the pump 38 is provided by a passage I09also formed within the end plate 39 and communicating with a passage IIEI formed in the support-36 and communicating with a conduit I I Ileading to the air supply passsage II2 of the nozzleil03. The passageIII] also has aby-pass indicated at 'I I3 controlled 'by an adjustableneedle valve I I4 threaded into the support 36 and accessible from theexterior of the casing '31. The by-pass II3communicates with the annularspace 'I-O8.Q"It willbe apparent that by adjusting the needle valve I I4in the by-pass I I3 it ispossibl'e to control the dischargepressure fromthe pump 38 to the air supply passage 'I'I2. However, the air whichmaybe by-pass'ed by the needle valve H4 will not be discharged into theatmosphere except through the inlet passages I06 and It! communicatingwith the annular spaces I05 and I03. The annular spaces I05 and I08therefore constitute muflle chambers surrounding the pumps 38, 53, and54 for the purpose of absorbing air or other noises incidental to theoperation of such devices.
Fuel for operating the supply "pump 53 and the metering pump 54 is'ad'aptedto be supplied through an outer fuel supply chamber indicatedat I I6 which constitutes the outer part of the'fuel supply chamber 33formed in'the'outwardly projecting portion 32 of the casing 3 I. Thechamber I I6 communicates with the oil'burning'apparatus fuel supplytank by means of athreaded opening Ill to which a liquid fuel supplyconduit, not
shown, is attached 'to the fuel tank, also not shown. Within the supplychamber 1 I6 is a filtering device or oil cleaner indicated at 34, the
filter portion I I8'thereo'f being annularin formation'and secured inthe chamber in spaced relation to the outer walls between flanges I I9and I20 projecting upwardly and downwardly respectively from the upperand lower extremities of the fuel supply chamber 33. The chamber H6 andthe filtering device I I8 are accessible'through'an end plate IZIsecured upon' th'e upper end of the pro- 7 jection 32 by screwsindicated at I22. Within the filtering device H8 is an inner chamber I23into which th oil admitted to the outer chamber I I6 is admitted throughthe filtering device I I8. The inner chamber I23 is accessible throughthe cap I2I and through an'o'pening in the cap I2I within whicha'threadedplug I24 is adapted to be normally disposed; Communicatingwith the inner supply passage I23 is an inlet conduit I26 formed in thesupport 36 and the end plate 56 and the opposite end of whichcommunicates with the fuel inlet port I2'I of the supply pump orcompressor 53. The compressor-53 within the compressor block 58comprises a pair of meshing gears I28 and I29, the latter gear beingrotatably mounted upon shaft I9 upon a ball I3I disposed in concavedepressions or openings I32 in the shaft I9. The
ball I3I also extends within one of the grooves I33 formed in the gearI29 throughout the length thereof so as to provide a universal drivingconnection between shaft I9 and gear I29. The gear I28 is mounted on anidling shaft I34 secured in an opening formed in the end plate 56. Theball I3I is free to move with shaft I9 within the groove I33 so as toprovide for axial movement of the shaft I9 relative to compressor 53.The flexible or universal driving connection between the shaft I9 andgear I29 provided by the ball I3I, and the universal connection betweenthe shaft I9 and rotor 46 of the air pump 38 provided by the ball 48,will compensate for misalignment of the shaft I9 and rotor 46 or gearI29, and will permit rotation of rotor 46 and gear I29 within theirrespective chambers without bias from the shaft I9, and rotation ofshaft I9 within its bearings without bias from rotor 46 or gear I29.
The discharge side of the compressor 53 is connected through an exhaustport I36 and an exhaust passage 'I3I to an exhaust chamber I38 formedwithin the end plate 56 and the opening 31 within which the seal 86 islocated. The exhaust passage I38 communicates with the fuel meteringpump chamber indicated at I39 through a passage I46. The exhaust chamberI38 also may communicate with the inner fuel supply passage through apassage I4I controlled by a bypass valve I42. The by-pass valve I42 isadapted to' seat in the bottom of an enlarged valve chamber I 43 forminga part of the passage MI and in which is located a spring I44 adapted tourge the valve I42 into engagement with its seat at thelower part of thevalve chamber I43. The opposite end of 'the spring I44 is disposedagainst the inner end of a threaded stud I46, the head of which ispositioned within the inner supply chamber I23 and accessible throughthe opening closed by the plug I24. In the event it is desired to havethe by-pass I,4I communicate with.the inner supply chamber I23 a studI46 having a passage indicated at M1 is employed. When such a stud isemployed, then liquid may be by-passed from the exhaust chamber I38 tothe inner fuel supply chamber I23 through the by-pass valve I 42 and thepassage I4'I. However, it may be desirable to by-pass the fuel throughthe by-pass valve I42 to the inner chamber I23. In such event a studlike that indicated at I46 is employed without the opening I4'I beingformed therein. Whensuch a stud isemployed then th liquid from theexhaust passage I38 may be by-passed directly to the fuel supply tankpreviously referred to through a passage I48 which communicates with thechamber I53 and which is adapted to be connected by a threaded openingindicated at I49 to a return conduit, not shown, but which communicatesat the opposite end thereof with the fuel supply tank.
It will be apparent that the operation of the pump 53 by the drivenshaft I9 will tend to pump liquid fuel from the fuel supply chamber I I6into the exhaust chamber I38 and the fuel metering pump chamber I39. Inthe event the liquid fuel is not exhausted from the chambers I38 and I39as fast as it is delivered by the pump 53, a certain amount or all ofthe fuel supplied by the pump 53 will be by-passed through the conduitI4I either to the inner supply chamber I23 or the fuel supply tank, notshown, this depending upon whether the passage I41 is or is not employedin the stud I46. However, the operation of the fuel metering pump 54 maytend to relieve the pressure in the chambers I38 and I39 by supplyingtherefrom metered quantities of fuel to the oil burning nozzle I03. Forthis purpose the inlet port I5I of the fuel metering pump 54 isconnected to the fuel metering pump chamber I39 by a passage I52.
The fuel metering pump 54 comprises a rotor I53 which is slidablydisposed within the metering pump chamber I39 against the inner surfaceI54 of the end plate 6I The rotor I53 is driven by a ball I56 disposedin an eccentric opening formed in the adjacent end of the shaft I9 and acentrally disposed opening formed in the adjacent surface of the rotorI53. It will be apparent that the spring 91 will exert a resilientpressure upon the shaft I9 tending to urge the shaft towards the rotorI53 for driving the rotor in a circular path against the wall I54. Theball I56 provides a universal connection between shaft I9 and rotor I53so as to insure that the rotor I53 will seat against the wall I54 andhave a sealing fit therewith. The rotor I53 has a cylindrical radiallydisposed opening I5I projecting therein in Which a piston I58 isreciprocally disposed. The opposite end of the piston I58 is receivedwithin an opening formed in a spherical bearing member I59 which ismounted for lengthwise movement and oscillatory movement within acylindrical opening I6I formed across the end of the metering pump block59 and which communicates with the metering pump chamber I39 through anelongated opening I83. The piston I58 is resiliently mounted within thebearing I59 upon a spring I 64 held between the end of the piston I58and a cap I66 secured in the bearing member I59 opposite the. pistonI58. The spring I64 tends resiliently to retain the ball I59 tightlywithin the cylindrical opening I6I. It will be apparent that thespherical bearing member I59, the piston I 58, and the rotor I53 arefree to move laterally within the metering pump chamber I39 away fromthe wall or inner surface I54 of the end plate 6|. However, the spring97 will tend to support the shaft I9 in such manner as to resilientlyoppose such movement and in such event the rotor I53 will normally bemovable in a circular path against the surface I54 of the end plate 6 I.Since spherical bearing member I59 and rotor I53 are free to oscillate,piston I58 will reciprocate within cylinder I5'I upon movement of rotorI53. In order to render the metering pump 54 operative during therotation of the shaft I9 and the rotor I53, the cylinder I5'I formedwithin the rotor I53 is provided with a port I6'I which is adapted tomove in a circular path upon the wall I 54 during the movement of therotor I53 by the shaft I9. The port I6! is adapted to communicate withthe metering pump inlet port I5I during the movement of the piston I 58outwardly with respect 91 to. the. cylinder I51 andctoj communicateiwithmeteringdischargeporttfifl whenthe; piston I58 moves inwardly withrespect. to; the. cylinder I51, The discharge. .port .188- communicatesthrough discharge passage [69' and-,conduit I1 I with the fuel supplypassage. I512. formed in. theoil burnernozzle. I83. It. will; be:apparent. that-the operation of the fuel metering: pump 54 willdischarge into the fuel-.supplypassage I112 of" the nozzle I83 measured.quantities or fuel: from the. fuel meter,- i-ng: pump chamber" I738.Also.,, it willbe noted that the. passages I52 and IE8 each. areconnected to anti-surge chambers I14 and; I18 respectively, thesechambers being at; all. times partly filled with air as: is indicatedvat I11 soas to dampen any pulsations inthes flow of the liquid receivedor delivered; by the metering pump The oilburner nozzle. I83 is disposedwithin a main air supply conduit. I18: which communicates with thecentrifugal fan located. within the fan housing I3 and driven by theshaft I'2z.. Thefan supplies to the conduit I18 the main air supply for;operating the oil burningapparatus. The nozzle. I88 is. locatedcentrally and axially within the air supply conduit I18 in such.mannerthat the air delivered. byr'thes fan. flow around the nozzle I83'toward the mixing "chamber end of the nozzle; which is indicated. bythenumeral I19. The mixing chamber. portion I.19 of the nozzle I83comprises an annular chamber I8I for receivingv air fronr the airsupply'passage H2" and a cylindrical: chamber I82 for receiving fuelfrom the fuel supply passage I112. The chamber I82 is disposedinternally with respect. to the chamber I8I:. The endof the chamber I82terminates in a discharge orifice: I83 with which chamber I82communicates. through a frusto-conical vmixing passage: I'84.. The:passage; I84; is supplied with fuel from the chamber." I382 by spirallyformed passageslafi.
During operation. of the :oil burning apparatus, it will; be apparentthatv a. 'main air supply will be delivered. to the nozzle-103' by the.conduit I18, and that the pumping; unit II will supply measuredquantities of liquidfueland air to the chambers I82. and I8JIrespectively. The adjustment of the by-pass I- M and: the: adjustment:of the meter-- ing pump 54-. is such. that the air: and fuel will bedelivered. respectively'to: the chambers [BI and I82 at about the samepressures. The discharge orifice I83 will therefore discharge into. theair flowing within. the conduit I18 a relatively rich mixture of fuel.and primary air. Such mixture when discharged from the, orifice I83 isadapted to be ignited by an igniter I86 comprising a pair of electrodes.I81 positioned adjacent the orifice I83.. The rich mixture so ignited bythe ignitor I88 will burn within. the main air supply supplied by the.conduit I18 and. beyond the'end of air cone ornozzle I89 which isprovided at the end of the conduit I18 andxbeyondi the discharge orificeI83. I
It will be noted that the. fuel. supply conduit ITI is provided withasolenoid actuated control valve indicated at I9 I. The valve I9!comprises an armature I92 disposed within the solenoid I93 and. adaptedto open and close a needle valve I94 with respect to an orifice I99formed in a valve casing I95 which is connected within the-conduit IN.The electrical circui-tfor'operating the solenoid I88 is connectedinparallel with the running windings for the motor employed in theapparatus I8 by a centrifugally actuated switch I91 which is operated bythe motor shaft I98. The switch I91 comprises a bracket I99 secured 10rigidly to the shaft I98 which abuts one end ofa spring 28I disposed:about the shaft I98 and the opposite end of which engages an axiallymovable ring 282 also disposed about the shaft I98. The ring 292 underinfluence of spring 28I- reacts on switch element 288to close thecircuit through the running windings for the motor. L-shaped leverweights 288, which are adapted to fulcrum about points 288 formed at theends of supports 281 projecting laterally with respect to the bracketIE'I-B reach on ring 282, under the influence of. centrifugal force toshift ring 2% against spring 28I to open the circuit through the runningwindings when the motor has attained its normal operating speed. Thering 282 engages a-switch element 288 at 289, theswitch element 288being secured to-a casing 2H of the motor of the oil burning apparatusI8 as. is. indicated at H2. The opposite end of the switch element 288carries a pair of contacts indicated at 2I3- adapted in oneposition toengage a con tact 2 I I andin another to engage a contact 218. In theposition in which the elements of the centrifugal switch I91 are.illustrated in Fig. 8, the motor shaft I98 has attained normal operatingspeed and under suohconditions the solenoid atcuated valve I91 is opento allow fluid to flow from the metering pump 54 throughthe conduit illto the fuel compartment I82. However, before the shaft I98 has reachedsuch normal .operating speed and. after the controls of the oil burningapparatus have been actuatedin such manner as to reduce the speed of theshaft I93 below normal-operatingspeed the ring 282 will be moved by thespring 28I away from the bracket E88 and in such manner as to move theswitch element 288 to break the. circuit between contacts 2I3 and 2I4and to make. an electrical circuit betweemthe contacts 2t? and 2H5,Under such circumstances it will be apparent that the solenoid;actu-ated valve IBI will operate to close the flow of fuel through thepassage ill by closing the needle valve. 94111301 1 the orifice I98. Theswitch I91 therefore will not permit the flow of fuel from the meteringpump Mtothe nozzle I88, except when the shaft I98 of the motor of theoil burning apparatus III is operating at a predetermined: or normalspeed. However, since the motor shaft I98 operates the fan shaft I2 andthe pumping unit shaft I9, it will be apparent that the fuel'meteringpump 54, the fuel supply pump 58, and the air pump 38 will be operatedbothbefore and after the motor shaft I98 reaches such predetermined ornormal opcrating speed and the centrifugal switch I91 is actuated insuch manner as to open the solenoid actuated valve I9I. Under suchcircumstances the air from theair pump 38. will continue to be deliveredthrough the orifice I8-8,.but the closing of-the valve ls lywill preventa normal how of fuel from the passages I88 into: the mixing passage IiSl; Under such circumstances the pressure will; rise the oilsupply-conduit I'II to such an extent that the fluid'pressure betweenthe rotor 1:83 and the wall I 54a will force the rotor I89away from thewall Itdjtoi an; extent great enoughto relieve the? pressure in theconduit Ill. The. rotor IE9, is movable in response to such increase-inpressure within the conduit MI by mason of the fact thatitis: possiblefor both the rotor. its: and the'piston 5-58. to move axially withtheshaft I8 within the metering pump chamber I38. Such axial movementisprovided for by movementof the shaft I39 withing the coupling I8 andagainst the; compression of the spring 91, the universal connectionsbetween the shaft I9 and air pump rotor 46 and gear pump 53 permittingsuch axial movement of shaft 19.
This application is a continuation of my copending application SerialNo. 13,718 for Oil Burner Pumping Unit, filed March 8, 1948, nowabandoned.
While I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of myinvention, it is understood that this is capable of modification, and Itherefore do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth,but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fallwithin the purview of the following claims.
I claim:
1. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a supportextending thereacross and a plurality of guides, bearing means disposedon opposite sides of said support, a driven shaft extending within saidcasing and across said support and being rotatably mounted within saidbearings, fuel and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of saidsupport in driven relation to said shaft, said fuel and air pumpingmeans being mounted within said casing in engagement with said guides,means for securing said fuel and air pumping means against the oppositesurfaces of said support, fuel metering means secured to said fuelpumping means within said casing, said fuel metering means being drivenby said shaft and being operatively associated with the discharge sideof said fuel pumping means, and means for securing said pumping unit tosaid oil burning apparatus with said shaft of said pumping unit inoperative relation to said driving shaft of said apparatus.
2. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a supportextending thereacross and a plurality of guide rails extending radiallyinwardly thereof, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of saidsupport, a driven shaft extending within said casing and across saidsupport and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, fuel and airpumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support in drivenrelation to said shaft, said fuel and air pumping means being mountedwithin said casing in peripheral engagement with said guide rails, meansfor securing said fuel and air'pumping means against the oppositesurfaces of said support, and means for securing said support to saidoil burning apparatus with said shaft of said pumping unit in operativerelation to said driving shaft of said apparatus.
3. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a casing having a supportextending thereacross and a plurality of guide rails extending radiallyinwardly thereof. bearing means disposed on opposite sides of saidsupport, a driven shaft extending within said casing and across saidsupport and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, fuel and airpumping means mounted on opposite sides of said support and being drivenby said shaft, said fuel and air pumping means being mounted within saidcasing in peripheral engagement with said guide rails and means forsecuring said pumping unit to said oil burning apparatus with said shaftof said pumping unit in operative relation to said driving shaft of saidapparatus.
4. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and anoil and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow'casing having asupport extending transversely thereof intermediate the ends thereof,oil and air pumping means disposed on opposite sides of said support,means for securing said oil and air pumping means to said support,bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support and carried bysaid oil and air pumping means, said support having an aperture thereinforming a seal chamber, a driven shaft extending'through said apertureand rotatably mounted within said bearings, said oil and air pumpingmeans being arranged in driven relation to said shaft, and a runningseal arranged in said chamber and around said shaft and forming arunning seal between said shaft and said support, part of saidsupportbeing exposed to the exterior of said casing, said support beingprovided with ducts forming passages communicating with the inlet anddischarge sides of said oil and air pumping means and terminating'in theouter surface of said casing whereby oil and air lines of the oilburning apparatus may be connected in fluid flow relation with said oiland air pumping means, said aperture forming a part of one of saidpassages, said seal being disposed between said oil and air pumpingmeans so as to prevent leakage of oil along said shaft into said airpumping means. 7
5. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and an oil and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow tubular casinghaving a support extending transversely thereof, oil and air pumpingmeans disposed on opposite sides of said support, means for securingsaid oil and air pumping means to said support, bearing means disposedon opposite sides of said support and carried by said oil and airpumping means, said support having an aperture therethrough, a drivenshaft extending through said aperture and rotatably mounted within saidbearings, said oil and air pumping means being arranged in drivenrelation to said shaft, oil metering means secured to said oil pumpingmeans within said casing, said oil metering means being driven by saidshaft and being operatively associated with the discharge side of saidoil pumping means and a running seal arranged in said aperture andaround said shaft and forming a seal between said shaft and saidsupport, said seal being disposed between said oil and air pumping meansso as to prevent leakage of oil along said shaft into said air pumpingmeans.
6. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft and a fuel and airpumping unit, said pumping unit comprising a hollow tubular casinghaving a suport extending transversely thereof, fuel and air pumpingmeans disposed on opposite sides of said support, means for securingsaid fuel and air pumping means against the opposite sides of saidsupport, bearing means disposed on opposite sides of said support andcarried by said fuel and air pumping means, said support having anaperture therethrough, said driving shaft extending through saidaperture and being rotatably mounted within said bearings, said fuel andair pumping means being arranged in driven relation to said shaft, fuelmetering means within said casing, said fuel metering means including apump element driven by said shaft and being operatively associated withthe discharge side of said fuel pumping means, a block against whichsaid pump element is adapted to move during opera- 13 I tion of saidmetering means, said block having duct communicating with said dischargeside of said fuel pumping means, said pump element having a port adaptedto be brought into and out of registry with said duct during operationof said metering means, and ball arranged in a socket in said pumpelement and a socket in the end of said shaft, said ball providing auniversal connection between said shaft and pump element for maintaininga sealing engagement between said pump element and said block.
7. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an oil supplypump mounted on said shaft and including a rotary element having adriving connection with said shaft adapted to permit axial movement ofsaid shaft relative thereto, an oil metering pump arranged at the end ofsaid shaft and including a pump element having a universal connectionwith said shaft and adapted to be driven thereby, a block having alapped face and an oil duct terminating at one end in said face, saidduct at its other end communicating with the discharge side of said oilsupply pump, said pump element having a lapped face seated against thelapped face of said block and a port adapted to be brought into and outof registry with said duct in said block upon operation of said meteringpump, said universal connection between said shaft and pump elementcomprising a ball arranged in a socket in said pump element and a socketin the end of said shaft, and spring means reacting on said shaft, ball,and pump element for resiliently holding the lapped face of the later insealing relation with the lapped face of the block.
8. Oil burning apparatus according to claim "I wherein said rotaryelement of said oil supply pump is provided with an axially extendinggroove, said shaft having a depression therein, said driving connectionbetween said shaft and rotary element comprising a ball projecting intosaid depression and into said groove so as to provide a universalconnection between said shaft and said rotary element.
. 9. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supplypump mounted on said shaft and having a driving connection therewithadapted to permit axial movement of said shaft relative to said airpump, an oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a drivingconnection therewith adapted to permit axial movement of said shaftrelative to said oil supply pump, an oil metering pump arranged at theend of said shaft and including a pump element having a universalconnection with said shaft and. adapted to be driven thereby, a blockhaving a lapped face and an oil duct terminating in said face, said pumpelement having a lapped face seated against the lapped face of saidblock and a port adapted to be brought into and out of registry withsaid duct in said block upon operation of said metering pump, saiduniversal connection between said shaft and pump element comprising aball arranged in a socket in said pump element and a socket in the endof said shaft, and spring means reacting on said shaft, ball, and pumpelement for resiliently holding the lapped face of the latter in sealingrelation with the lapped face of the block.
10. An oil burning apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supplypump mounted on said shaft and including a rotor through which saidshaft extends, a driving connection between said rotor and said shaft,and oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a rotary elementthrough which said shaft extends, said rotary element having an axialslot therein, said shaft having a concave depression therein, a balldriving member arranged in said slot and said depression in said shaftso as to provide a universal driving connection between said shaft andsaid rotary element thereby permitting relative axial movement betweensaid shaft and said rotary element, a fuel metering pump having a drivenelement arranged at the end of and connected to said shaft so as to bedriven thereby, a block against Which said driven element of saidmetering pump is adapted to move and seat during operation thereof, aball arranged between the end of said shaft and said driven element, andspring means operable for biasing said shaft, ball, and driven elementtoward said block, said ball providing a universal connectionbetween'said shaft and said driven element for seating said drivenelement against said block.
11. An oil burnin apparatus including a driving shaft, an air supplypump mounted on said shaft and including a rotor through which saidshaft extends, a driving connection between said rotor and said shaft,an oil supply pump mounted on said shaft and having a rotary elementthrough which said shaft extends, said rotary element having an axialslot therein, said shaft having a concave depression therein oppositesaid slot, a ball driving member arranged in said slot and saiddepression in said shaft so a to provide a universal driving connectionbetween said shaft and said rotary element, a fuel metering pump havinga driven element arranged at the end of and connected to said shaft soas to be driven thereby, a block against which said driven element ofsaid metering pump is adapted'to move and seat during operation thereof,a ball arranged between the end of said shaft and said driven element,said ball providing at least a part of a universal connection betweensaid shaft and said driven element.
12. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said shaft is movable axiallyrelative to its bearings and to said oil and air pumping means andwherein a universal driving connection is provided between said shaftand said oil and air pumping means.
13. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said metering pump isarranged at one end of said shaft in driven relation therewith and so asto take axial thrust of said shaft, and wherein said seal includes aspring biasing said shaft towards said metering pump.
14. Apparatu according to claim 5 wherein said metering pump is arrangedat one end of said shaft and a ball provides a universal drivingconnection and thrust member between said shaft and said meterin pump.
ROBERT R. WITHERELL.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,868,161 Dilg July 19, 19321,878,736 Vickers sept. 20, 1932 1,986,003 Lum Jan. 1, 1935 2,312,886Ellinwood Mar. 2, 1943 2,383,092 Wahlmark Aug. 21, 1945 2,412,383 BakerDec. 10, 1946 2,413,035 DeLancey Dec. 24, 1946 2,495,685 Beaman et alJan. 31, 1950 ,5 8,982 Roosa Jan. 23, 1951
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2024-03-22
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1951-10-04
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-08-12"
}
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US-47545265-A
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Molded-insulation electrical box having integral spacer lugs
Nov. 21, 1967 Y E. PALMER 3,353,701
MOLDED-INSULATION ELECTRICAL BOX HAVING INTEGRAL SPACER LUGS Filed July28, 1965 INVENTOR LEWIS E. PALMER ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3 353701 MOLDED-IPJdULATIGhI ELECTRICAL BOX HAVING INTEGRAL SPACER LUGS LewisE. Palmer, Washington, W. Va., assignor to Union Insulating Company,Parkersburg, W. Va., a corporation of West Virginia Filed July 28, 1965,Ser. No. 475,452 2 Claims. (Cl. 2203.5)
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A molded electrical wiring box including atits upper and lower ends integral external lug means for abutting therear face of a panel containing an opening in which the box is mounted.The lug means accurately position and stabilize the box prior to thenailing of the box to a stud support.
This invention relates generally to an improved molded-insulationelectrical wiring box, and more particularly to an improvednail-fastened molded wiring box specifically designed for house traileruse and including at each end integral spacer lug means for accuratelypositioning and stabilizing the box when inserted forwardly through anopening in an interior plywood panel prior to nailing of the box to astud support.
In the prior US. Patent No. 3,176,869 which issued to D. W. Kinney onApr. 6, 1965, and was assigned to the same assignee as the presentinvention, a unitary nailfastened insulated outlet box is disclosed thatis formed by molding from a conventional non-metallic insulatingmaterial. This prior wiring box is formed by simple molding apparatusconsisting solely of two die parts having relative linear movement,whereby laterally movable molding parts are not required. An object ofthe prior invention was to provide in the molded box at the juncturebetween the bottom and end walls thereof a plurality of longitudinallyaligned grooves some of which open into the interior of the box and theothers open to the exterior of the box, thereby defining anail-receiving passageway including a plurality of solid Wall portionswhich support and guide the nail and prevent it from being bent when itis hammered into a support.
An important market for such non-metallic molded insulation wiring boxesis the house trailer construction field, wherein the electricalinsulating properties and low unit cost of molded insulation boxes areimportant advantages recommending their use over conventional sheetmetal wiring boxes. However, certain installation problems must beconsidered as a consequence of the insideout manner in whichconventional house trailers are normally manufactured. Morespecifically, owing to limitations of size and simplicity ofmanufacture, it is conventional in the house trailer field to firstsecure to the wall studs the interior plywood panels and then toelectrically wire the trailer from without. In order to properly mount anail-fastened molded-insulation wiring box in an opening contained in aplywood panel so that the free edges of. the open-topped box are flushwith the interior face of the panel, a workman outside the trailerrequires some means for properly positioning and stabilizing the box inthe opening prior to nailing the box to the wooden stud. In the priorpatented art, various means have been proposed in the metallic wiringbox art for securing a box in a wall opening. Examples of such knownsecuring means are presented in the U.S. patents to Kruse No. 989,854,Miller No. 1,536,906, Hodges No. 1,662,422 and I-Iu'bbell No. 1,999,194.While these known devices have general utility, they do not afford theaforementioned advantages of the molded insulation wiring box of thepresent invention as specifically designed for house trailerconstruction use.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide aunitary open-front electrical wiring box molded of insulation materialand including, in combination, integral lug means extending normal to,and equally spaced from the free edges of, the top and bottom walls ofthe box, and nail-receiving passageways molded in the box at thejunctures between the rear wall and said top and bottom walls. These lugand passageway means are integrally formed on and in the molded box,respectively, by simple molding apparatus including two die parts havingrelative linear movement, whereby no laterally moving molding parts arerequired. As a consequence of the invention, when the molded wiring boxis to be mounted in an opening contained in a plywood panel forming aninterior wall surface of a trailer, the box is inserted from without,forwardly through the opening until the integral lug means on the boxengage the rear surface of the panel, whereupon the box is nailed to thestud to which the panel is secured. In accordance with an importantfeature of the invention, each of the lug means is spaced from the freeedge of the corresponding top or bottom wall of the box a distance equalto the thickness of the plywood panel, whereby the free edges of theside and end walls of the box are substantially coplanar with thedecorative interior face of the panel.
In accordance with a more specific object of the invention, each of thelug means at the top and bottom of the box comprises a pair of laterallyspaced lugs integral with and extending orthogonally from the end wallsof the molded-insulation box. Each of the lugs has-a planar end faceadjacent the edge of the corresponding end wall, said end face beingparallel with the plane containing the free edges of the box. This faceis normally spaced from the edge a distance equal to the thickness ofthe panel. In accordance with a more detailed object of the invention,each lug includes at least one pointed projection that is adapted topenetrate the rear surface of the panel when the box is mounted in theopening, thereby further assisting in stabilizing and positioning thebox relative to the panel prior to nailing of the box to the stud. Ininstances where the thickness of the panel does not quite equal the lugspacing distance (from the free edge of the corresponding end wall), thepointed extremities may be caused to merely abut (and not penetrate) therear surface of the panel prior to nailing of the box to the stud.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent froma study of the following specification when considered in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a detailed front elevational view of an interior portion ofa trailer wall in which the insulated electrical wiring box of thepresent invention is mounted;
FIGURE 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a rear view of structure of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIGURE 2; and
FIGURES 5-7 are detailed front, side and top views, respectively, of anintegral spacer lug formed on an end wall of the wiring box.
Referring now to the drawing, the open-front rectangular electricalwiring box is molded of a conventional insulating material (for example,a phenolic resin compound such as Bakelite, or other resinous materials,such as urea, vinyl or epoxy resin products) and includes a rear wall 4,a pair of opposed side walls 6, and bottom and top walls 8. Extendingforwardly from the rear Wall on the inner face of the bottom and topwalls 8 are a pair of centrally-arranged integral cars 10 havingthreaded bores 12 that receive screws for fastening the mounting strapof a switch, outlet receptacle or other electrical device to the box. Asshown in FIGURE 4, conventional knock-out plugs 13 are partially formedin each top and bottom wall to afford passage means through which theinsulated wires may be introduced into the box for connection with theelectrical device supported thereby. As disclosed in the aforementionedKinney Patent No. 3,176,869, the body 2 has molded therein inwardly andoutwardly directed grooves 14 and 16, respectively, adjacent thejunctures of the rear wall with the top and bottom walls, respectively,which grooves define nail-receiving passageways that extend parallel tothe plane of the open face of the body from one side wall to the other.The apparatus thusfar described is similar to the Wiring box disclosedin the aforementioned Kinney patent.
The wiring box of the present invention is adapted for mounting in arectangular opening 20 contained in the plywood panel 22that'constitutes the inner wall surface of a trailer. As is conventionalin trailer construction, the plywood panel 22 is secured to a woodenstud 24 that extends vertically adjacent an edge of the opening 20. Inaccordance with the invention, the wiring box includes at each end apair of integral lugs 26 that are molded integrally with the end wallsduring manufacture of the box. Each of the lugs 26 has a planar end face26a (FIG- URES 6 and 7) that is spaced from the free edge of thecorresponding top and bottom walls a distance x, which distance isgenerally equal to the thickness of the plywood panel 22.
Extending horizontally from the planar end face 26a of each lug 26 is anintegral pointed projection 28 which terminates a distance y (FIGURE 6)from the edge of the corresponding top and bottom walls 8.
To secure the box in an opening contained in a panel, the nails 30 arepartially driven into the nail-receiving passageways and theopen-front'portion of the box is inserted from the rear surface of thepanel forwardly through the opening 20 until the pointed extremities ofthe projections 28 engage the rear surface of the plywood panel 22. Oneside wall of the panel contiguously engages the stud 24 (as shown inFIGURE 4), and assuming that the thickness of the panel equals the lugspacing distance x shown in FIGURES 6 and 7, the box is further urgedforwardly to cause the projections 28 to penetrate the rear surface ofthe panel. The free edges of the side, top and bottom walls of the boxare now substantially coplanar with the forward surface of the panel 22,whereupon the nails 30 are driven home to secure the box to the stud 24.
In the event that the box is to be used with a plywood panel having athickness equal to the dimension y in FIG URE 6, in mounting the box inthe opening prior to nailing, the box is merely inserted forwardlythrough the opening until the extremities of the projections 26 engage(but do not penetrate) the rear surface of the plywood panel. Followingthis engagement (at which time the free edges of the box are coplanarwith the forward surface of the panel), the nails are driven home tosecure the box to the wooden stud.
Although the present invention has been described in connection withrectangular boxes adapted for mounting in corresponding wall openings,it is apparent that the inventive concept is applicable to boxes ofother configurations (i.e., square, octagonal, circular, oval and thelike) adapted for mounting in corresponding wall openings.
While in accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, thepreferred form and embodiment of the invention has been illustrated anddescribed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variouschanges may be made in the apparatus described without deviating fromthe invention set forth in the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A molded plastic wiring box adapted for mounting in an openingcontained in a relatively thin sheet secured to a vertical support,comprising an open-front body molded of insulating material andincluding a vertical rear wall, opposed horizontal bottom and top walls,opposed vertical side walls, and a plurality of. unitary lugs extendingintegrally from and normal to the external surface of each of said topand bottom walls, respectively, each of said lugs having a planar frontsurface adjacent, parallel with and spaced from the corresponding freefront edges of said top and bottom walls a given distance substantiallyequal to the thickness of the sheet, one of said side walls beingadapted to contiguously engage said support When the open front end ofthe body is mounted in said opening;
a pointed projection extending from the planar front surface of each ofsaid lugs in the direction of, and spaced from the free front edge of,the corresponding one of said top and bottom walls;
and means for securing said body to the support when said body isinserted into the opening from the rear side of the sheet, whereby thebody is accurately positioned and stabilized in the opening by thecooperation between said integral lug means and the rear face of thesheet prior to the securement of the box to the support.
2. A molded plastic wiring box adapted for mounting in an openingcontained in a relatively thin sheet secured to a vertical support,comprising an open-front body molded of insulating material andincluding a vertical rear wall, opposed horizontal bottom and top walls,opposed vertical side walls, and a plurality of laterally spaced unitarylugs extending integrally from and normal to the external surface ofeach of said top and bottom walls, respectively, each of said lugshaving a planar front surface adjacent, parallel with and spaced fromthe corresponding free front edges of said top and bottom walls a givendistance substantially equal to the thickness of the sheet, one of saidside walls being adapted to contiguously engage said support when theopen front end of the body is mounted in said opening;
and mounting ear means centrally arranged on, and
wholly contained between, the adjacent inner surfaces of said top andbottom walls andv extending forwardly from said rear wall, each of saidmounting ears containing a threaded bore by means of which an electricaldevice may be screw-mounted within the box;
said body having molded therein horizontal nail-receiving passageways atthe junctures of said rear wall wall with said top and bottom walls,respectively, and passageways extending from one side wall to the other,whereby said box is accurately positioned and stabilized in said openingby the cooperation between said integral lugs and the rear surface ofsaid panel prior to the driving of nails through said passageways intothe support.
References Qited UNITED STATES PATENTS 856,640 6/ 1907 Huntting 2203.6982,193 1/1911 Thayer 2203.4 1,893,357 1/1933 Carlson 220-3.6 2,126,2598/1938 Howells et al 2203.6 2,688,417 9/1954 Bowers 220-39 3,176,8694/1965 Kinney 220--3.9 3,251,130 5/1966 Miles 2203.4
THERON E. CONDON, Primary Examiner.
JAMES R. GARRETT, Examiner.
1. A MOLDED PLASTIC WIRING BOX ADAPTED FOR MOUNTING IN AN OPENINGCONTAINED IN A RELATIVELY THIN SHEET SECURED TO A VERTICAL SUPPORT,COMPRISING AN OPEN-FRONT BODY MOLDED OF INSULATING MATERIAL ANDINCLUDING A VERTICAL REAR WALL, OPPOSED HORIZONTAL BOTTOM AND TOP WALLS,OPPOSED VERTICAL SIDE WALLS, AND A PLURALITY OF UNITARY LUGS EXTENDINGINTEGRALLY FROM AND NORMAL TO THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF EACH OF SAID TOPAND BOTTOM WALLS, RESPECTIVELY, EACH OF SAID LUGS HAVING A PLANAR FRONTSURFACE ADJACENT, PARALLEL WITH AND SPACED FROM THE CORRESPONDING FREEFRONT EDGES OF SAID TOP AND BOTTOM WALLS A GIVEN DISTANCE SUBSTANTIALLYEQUAL TO THE THICKNESS OF THE SHEET, ONE OF SAID SIDE WALLS BEINGADAPTED TO CONTIGUOUSLY ENGAGE SAID SUPPORT WHEN THE OPEN FRONT END OFTHE BODY IS MOUNTED IN SAID OPENING; A POINTED PROJECTION EXTENDING FROMTHE PLANAR FRONT SURFACE OF EACH OF SAID LUGS IN THE DIRECTION OF, ANDSPACED FROM THE FREE FRONT EDGE OF, THE CORRESPONDING ONE OF SAID TOPAND BOTTOM WALLS; AND MEANS FOR SECURING SAID BODY TO THE SUPPORT WHENSAID BODY IS INSERTED INTO THE OPENING FROM THE REAR SIDE OF THE SHEET,WHEREBY THE BODY IS ACCURATELY POSITIONED AND STABILIZED IN THE OPENINGBY THE COOPERATION BETWEEN SAID INTEGRAL LUG MEANS AND THE REAR FACE OFTHE SHEET PRIOR TO THE SECUREMENT OF THE BOX TO THE SUPPORT.
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2024-03-22
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1965-07-28
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-11-21"
}
|
US-67142933-A
|
Mixing faucet
Oct. 29, 1935. J. RoBlNovn-z MIXING FAUCE T Filed May 1'7, 1953 PatentedOct. 29, 1935 OFFICE MIXING FAUCET poration of Illinois Application May17, 1933, Serial No. 671,429
7 Claims.
The present invention relates to mixing faucets, and more in particularto a novel construction of such a faucet provided with a filter, and inthe construction of the filter.
Among the objects of the present invention is to provide a novelconstruction of mixing faucet provided with a removable filteringcartridge for fitting the water passing therethrough.
A further object is the provision of a novel filter adapted to bereadily inserted, removed or replaced in the faucet. In the presentembodiment, the filter is mounted upon or carried by an end cap orclosure for the faucet chamber or casing, is automatically located orpositioned in predetermined, operative position when the closure isscrewed into the chamber, and is removable with the closure.
Another object is the provision of a novel cartridge provided withfiltering material such as charcoal, carbon, and/or other carbonaceousmaterial or the like suitable for the purpose of filtering the liquidpassing therethrough. v
Still another object of the invention is the provision of a memberadapted to filter the liquid passing into the mixing chamber of afaucet, and so constructed and arranged that all the liquid which is tobe filtered must pass through said member.
A further object of the invention is to provide a filter for a mixingfaucet for filtering the cold Water passing therethrough, and soarranged that the discharge end of' the filter is adapted to receive aportion of the flow from the hot water faucet whereby such hot waterflows in the filter in a direction opposite to the path taken by thecold water and thereby flushes the filtering material. This flushingoperation prolongs the life of the filter and prevents a packing of thefiltering material and impedance to the normal fiow of liquid in the onedirection. Although the drawing discloses the filter as connected to andfiltering only the cold Water, it is to be understood that either thecold or hot water may be filtered should the occasion arise.
For that purpose, the mixing chamber is provided with interchangeableclosures or end caps so that the filter cartridge may be inserted fromeither side. Also, it will be evident that the cartridge may be madesmaller, or the mixing chamber be made larger so that a filter may beprovided for both the cold and hot water. Such construction may bedesirable for hospital use or other purposes.
Further objects are to provide a construction of maximum simplicity,efficiency and ease of assembly, operation and maintenance, and suchfurther objects, advantages and capabilities as will later more fullyappear and as are inherently possessed thereby. 5
The invention further resides in the combination, construction andarrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and whilethere is sho-wn therein a preferred embodiment, it is to be understoodthat the same is susceptible of modification and change and comprehendsother details and constructions, Without departing from the spirit ofthe invention.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 is a view` in side elevation of the mixing faucet.
Fig. 2 is a view in horizontal cross section taken through the casing ina plane represented by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, but omitting the de- 20tails of the valves, handles and discharge nozzle, and showing part ofthe filtering material in side elevation and part completely removed toshow the inlet openings in the filtering cartridge.
Fig. 3 is a View in side elevation of the filter 25 cartridge and endclosure for the mixing chamber.
Fig. 4 is a view in vertical cross section taken in a plane representedby the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.
Referring more particularly to the disclosure 30 in the drawing,thenovel construction of mixing faucet comprises a casing or casting' Iadapted to form a mixing chamber, the ends 2 and 3 thereof beingenlarged and interiorly threaded to receive threaded end caps or clo- 35sures 4 and 5. A soap dish or container Iiv is` formed on the upper sideof the casting I, while at the opposite ends on the under side of thecasting are provided rearwardly extending nipples I each adapted to beconnected to the inlet 40 end of a pipe 8 by means of a coupling 9. Oneof the pipes 8 is normally adapted to carry cold water while the pipe atthe opposite end of' the mixing faucet is adapted to carry hot water.
Each nipple I is provided with a valve seat Ill 45 adapted to receive avalve II for closing the inlet I2 and thereby prevent the liquid frompassing from the inlet through the port I 2a leading to the mixingchamber. This valve is mounted upon a valve stem I Ia having an enlargedthread- 50 `ed portion I3 adapted to be received in complementarythreads I4 formed in the casting I and permitting longitudinal movementof the valve member II whereby to seat or unseat the same. 'I hethreaded cap or nut I5 seats on an exteriorly 55 threaded extension IBwhich houses the valve, the threaded cap centering and forming a bearingfor the valve stem and being provided with a packing I1. The handle I8is adapted to rotate the valve stem and seat or unseat the valve member.As the valve construction for both the cold and hot water are similar inconstruction, but one of them has been shown in detail.
The casting I is provided or formed with a downwardly extending portionI9 having a discharge outlet 20 for the discharge of the liquid from themixing chamber. This extension is exteriorly threaded at 2| to receive acoupling 22 carrying a nozzle 23. The mounting of the nozzle is such asto permit universal rotation thereof.
In Figs. 2 and 3 is disclosed the novel filter construction. This filtercomprises a cylindrical cartridge or housing 24 adapted to containfiltering material 25 such as carbon,charcoal and/0r other carbonaceousor filtering material suitable for the purpose. This cartridge is shownas having its one end suitably mounted in the closure or end cap 5 andadapted to be removed or assembled therewith. Adjacent the end mountedin the closure or cap, the side wall of the cartridge -is perforated asat 26 to receive the liquid discharged from the inlet I2 of the pipe,which in the illustrated embodiment is the cold water pipe.
In order that all of the flow from this cold water pipe passes throughthe perforations 26 and into the interior of the cartridge 24, the wallof the cartridge is crimped outwardly Vto provide an annular bead orange 21 adapted to fit conformably within the casting I. Adjacent thebead or flange is provided a washer 28 encompassing the cartridge andadapted to seat against an annular shoulder or rib 29 formed on theinterior of the casting. As the end cap or closure 5 carrying thecartridge 24, is screwed into the casting or mixing chamber,Y the washerwill contact the inner periphery of the chamber and the bead 21 willforce this washer 28-against the annular shoulder 29 and form a liquidtight seal, thereby preventing any by-passing of the liquid around thecartridge withoutgoirig therethrough. The opposite or discharge end ofthe cartridge is provided with a perforated disc 3|)` functioning p as afilter screen and end wall for retaining the filtering material 25within the cartridge. As disclosed in Fig. 2, this perforated disc isadjacent the hot water inlet I2 and a portion of the fiow of the hotwater will pass through this disc and into the cartridge in a directionopposite to the fiow of the cold water therethrough, and will thus fiushthe filtering material and prevent a packing thereof so as to eliminateany impedance to the normal flow and filtration of the liquid. Athorough and 4complete flushing of the filtering material may beaccomplished by loosening the closure or end cap 5 to permit the hotwater which flows through the filter to escape at this end of the filterunit. If it is desired that all of the hot water pass therethrough, thismay be accomplished by closing olf the outlet 23 as by means of aclosure or placing the finger thereover, so that all the water from thehot water inlet must pass through Athe filter unit. This flushingoperation prolongs the life and usefulness of the filter. If desired,the filtering material may be chemically or otherwise treated.
Although the drawing discloses the filter as merely filtering the coldwater passing into the mixing chamber, it is to be understood thateither or both the cold and the hot water may be filtered if so desired.The closures or end caps 4 and 5 are interchangeable and are eachadapted to receive a filter.
From the above disclosure and description, it 5 will be readily apparentthat the invention comprehends a novel construction of mixing chamberand filtering device therefor which is simple and efficient in operationand which can be cheaply constructed. l0
Having thus disclosed the invention, I claim:
1. In a mixing faucet provided with a unitary casing forming a mixingchamber, liquid inlets and control valves therefor in the opposite endsof said chamber and an outlet intermediate said l5 inlets, and arenewable and readily replaceable unit adapted to be insertedlongitudinally in said chamber and provided with filtering material,said unit being spaced from the side wall of the mixing chamber andprovided with openings at an end thereof and adjacent one of said inletsand communicating with the interior of said unit, complementary closuremembers on the side wall of the mixing chamber and unit for preventingpassage of unfiltered liquid from said last mentioned inlet to theoutlet and additional openings in the opposite end of said unit adjacentthe other inlet and communicating with the space between the filter andchamber and the faucet outlet for discharge of the filtered liquid. 30
2. In a unitary mixing faucet provided with a mixing chamber, liquidinlets and control valves in the opposite ends of said chamber and aliquid outlet intermediate said ends, a removable closure for one end ofsaid chamber, a filtering body 35 carried by said closure, the sidewalls of said body being perforated only at one end thereof for passageof the liquid from one of said inlets to the interior of the body, aperforated end wall at the opposite end of the chamber for the dis- Li0charge of the filtered liquid, and abutting annul'lar flanges in saidchamber and on said body closure therebetween for preventing the passage55 of unfiltered liquid from said one inlet to the outlet, the dischargeend of said cartridge being adjacent the other of said inlets wherebyliquid flowing from said other inlet will enter said cartridge and passtherethrough in a reverse direction and 60 thereby flush said filteringmaterial.
4. In a mixing faucet provided with aniixing chamber and a hot and coldwater inlet and an outlet, a member provided with filtering material andadapted to be inserted in said chamber in 65 spaced relation with theside wall thereof for filtering the cold water, and closure means forpreventing the cold water passing to the outlet except through thefiltering member, said member being imperforate except for openings atone 70 end thereof communicating with said cold water inlet and theinterior of said member and openings adjacent the hot waterV inletwhereby the discharged hot water may pass into and through saidfiltering member in a direction opposite to 75 that of the cold waterand thereby ush the filtering material therein.
5. In a unitary mixing faucet formed with a mixing chamber and liquidinlets adjacent the oppositeends thereof and control valves for saidinlets, a liquid outlet from said chamber, a detachable closure for oneend of said chamber, a filter cartridge mounted on said closure andremovable therewith as a unit and communicating with one of said inletsfor filtering the liquid passing therefrom, said cartridge being spacedfrom the inner wall of said chamber to permit a discharge of thefiltered liquid at a point intermediate the opposite ends of saidcartridge, and complementary abutting surfaces on said cartridge andchamber for preventing the passage of unfiltered liquid from said oneinlet to the outlet.
6. In a mixing faucet, a mixing chamber therefor having an inletadjacent each of the opposite ends thereof and an outlet intermediatesaid ends, a detachable closure for one of the ends of the chamber, afilter cartridge removably mounted in said chamber, an inlet for saidcartridge adjacent one of said inlets to said chamber for filtering theliquid passing therethrough, means for confining ing material.
'7. In a mixing faucet, a mixing chamber therefor comprising anelongated receptacle having an k inlet and a control valve thereforadjacent each of the opposite ends thereof, an outlet for said faucetintermediate said inlets, a detachable closure member for an end of thereceptacle, a filter readily insertable in and removable from saidreceptacle, said filter having an inlet adjacent one end and an outletat the other end and having its body spaced from the interior of thechamber to permit a discharge of the filtered liquid from Said filterand through said outlet, and means for confining the liquid to befiltered whereby such liquid must pass through the filter prior to beingdischarged.
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2024-03-22
|
1933-05-17
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1935-10-29"
}
|
US-55802922-A
|
Method of controlling the electric generation of steam and apparatus therefor
Feb. 10, 1925. 1,526,014
A. N. RUSSELL ET AL METHOD OF CONTROLLIMG THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OFSTEAM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 2 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. v 0,1925. 1,526,014
A. N. RUSSELL ET AL METHOD OF CONTROLLIMG THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OFSTEAM AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed May 2. 1922 2 SheetsSheet 2 PatentedFeb. 10, 1925.
UNITED STATEs.
ANDREW N. RUSSELL, BERNARD I 1,526,014 eArsNr FFECE.
A. MALKIN', AND WILLIAM P. MUIR, F LACHINE, QUEEEG, CANADA.
METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE ELECTRIC GENERATION OF STEAM AND APPARATUSTHEREFOR.
Application filed May 2, 1922. Serial No. 558,029.
To all whom it may conce n:
Be it known that we, ANDREW N. RussnLL, a citizen of the United Statesof America, BERNARD A. MALKIN, and TIL- LIAM P. MUIR, both subjects ofthe King of Great Britain, and all residents of the city of Lachine, inthe Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in the Methods of Controlling the ElectricGeneration of Steam and Apparatus Therefor, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description. The electric steam generators withwhich this invention deals comprise electrodes submerged in water whichacts as a re-v sistance, and is heated by flow of current to a pointwhere steam is generated. The
current capacity of the generator is proportional to the submerged areaof the electrodes, and as it is not convenient to move the electrodes toregulate the amount of submergence, the method resorted to has been tovary the water level. Usually water is admitted to the generator at aconstant rate equal to the maximum evaporating capacity and the level,and therefore the current input and amount of evaporation are regulatedby means of a controlled outflow of water.
' Electric steam generators of the-water resistance type are intended tobe used, chiefly, as a means of utilizing surplus power which wouldotherwise go to waste as, for instance, during the night, or at any timewhere the consumer has contracted for a certain amount of power inexcess of ordinary needs.
In either case there is a tendency for the generators to take themaximum amount of current for which they are designed, and in order toprevent these generators from robbing other power taking devices it isnecessary to limit the power input of the generators. This is usuallydone'by regulating the amount of submergence of the electrodes, andthereby limiting the ca pacity of the generator to take power. Automaticregulating devices for these generators have already been proposed, butsuch regulators are governed by the demand for steam, and therefore areuseless to regulate the generator independently 'of such demand.Theregulationhas been efi ected,
y as aforesaid, by altering the submergence of the electrodes.
The present invention deals with the automatic regulation of thesegenerators in accordance with the surplus of power which is availablefor other operations, and the object is to regulate the generator sothat it will not rob other power taking devices in the plant. Thisregulation is effected by regulating the water level. Assuming a linehaving a capacity of 5,000 kw. or a consumer who has a contract for5,000 kw. for which he must pay, regardless of the amount actuallytaken, it Wlll be seen that the installation of a generator to absorbthe surplus electric power and convert it into steam for heating orindustrial purposes will represent an economy, even though the actualcost of thus generating the steam may be in excess of the cost of othermethods of generation, because the other methods of generation will besuspendedto an extent equal to the electric generation.
The electric generator which would be installed in such a lant would,naturally,
"be of the full capacity of the line or of the full amount of thecontract, that is 5,000 kw. The nature of the generatoris to take itsmaximum of power as long as there is a demand of steam up to the maximumoutput. Assuming that other devices in the plant are taking 3500 kw. itwill be seen that there is a surplus of 1500 kw. available for thegenerator. If, however, the steam demand is in excess of the equivalentof 1500 kw. it will be seen that a generator, as ordinarily installed,would tend automatically to supply the demand for steam, and in so doingwould take more than 1500 kw. thus robbing other units in the plant inthe case of a limited capacity line, or exceeding the consumers contractamount. Supposing, under such conditions, the generator took 2500 kw. itwill be seen that the total load is 6000 kw. being 1000 kw. in excess ofthe line capacity.
According to the present invention, certain electrical equipment isprovided which under the overload condition above described willinitiate the operation of means to discharge water from the generatoruntil the load in the line is normal. The invention also contemplatesmeans to automatically empty the generator in the event regulateinflowof water under certain conditions. For regulating the outflow of waterthe means comprises an electrically operated pilot valve to admit steam,or
other motive fluid, to means for opening a: drainage valve. Theelectrical equipment may take many forms, but the most satisfactory isbelieved to be a solenoid controlling the pilot valve and taking thecurrent flow through a relay device operated, preferably, in connectionwith the main line through a transformer. The means for controlling thesupply of water comprises] a very similar device, having, in addition,connections permitting the level of the water in the boiler to regulatethe supply.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram which illustratesone embodi-.
ment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a sli htly difl'erent arrangement.
ieferring more particularly to the drawings, 11 designates an electricboiler taking current from a mainline 12, and supplied with waterthrough a pipe 13, capable of supplying the maximum demand of theboiler. A drain pipe 1-'1- is provided leading from the'boiler, andhaving any suitable means 15 to regulate the amount of water drainedfrom the boiler. This constitutes the usual equipment.
According to this invention there is provided a supplementary drainagevalve 16 located, preferably, in an independent drainage pipe 17, andcontrolled in any suitable way, for example, by a spring pressed piston18 which normally holds the valve 16 closed. The fluid pressure supplyconduit 19 leads to the piston conveniently from the boiler itself andcontains a con-- trolling valve 20, which may be operated by anysuitable means, such as a solenoid 21, included, preferably, in asecondary circuit 22 and controlled by a relay device 23, which is inturn controlled by overload in the line 12. A transformer 24 is,preferably, inserted between the line and the relay device for obviousreasons. The relay device is of any suitable construction which willenable it to hold the solenoid inoperative until it receives anexcessive current resulting from overload in the line 12.
The operation is as follows As long as the load in the line 12 is withinpredetermined limits, the current received by the relay device throughthe transformer is insufficient for its operation. When, however, thereis an overload, the relay operates "to close the circuit on the solenoid21'which then draws its core and opens the valve 20 admitting steam fromthe boiler to the plunger 18, and moving the plunger against its loadspring to open the valve 16 andcause a discharge of water from theboiler. iAs long as the overload condition prevails, the solenoid holdsthe valve 20 open, and the drain valve 16 is held open. The'resultingdischarge of water from the generator very soon lowers its currentconsumption so that the overload condition ceases. The relay may thenoperate to open the solenoid circuit and permit closing of the drainagevalve, or the arrangement may be such that the valve requires manualclosmg.
While the device has been operating as previously described, thenormalsupply of water to the generator continues through the pipe 13. Ifa more rapid regulation of 'receive steam independently through a pipe28, and suitable alarm device 29 whenever the water in the boilerreaches the normal maximum level. Preferably the load spring of theplunger 25 will return the valve 26 to open position as soon as steampressure is excluded from the plunger.- A pair of oppositely operatingcheck valves 30 and 31 may, if desired, be included in the pipe 27, andeither or both of them rendered inoperative to control the direction inwhich the steam will flow through the pipe, for example, if the check.30 is inoperative the valve 26 will close every time the valve. 16 opensand very rapid regulation will result. but, on the other hand. the valve16 will not operate when the valve 26 is operated by steam takenthroughthe device 29. If the check 31 is inoperative the valve 16 willoperate with the valve 26 whenever steam is passed through the device29, but the valve.
is, therefore, advisable to provide means for automatically emptying theboiler if the current flow in the line 12 should cease, for example, byreason of a breakdown of a generator or a break in the line itself. Toaccomplish this there may be provided a spring pressed sleeve slideableon the spindle 83 which connects the plunger and valve 26. The spindlemay be provided with a projection 34 so that it will receive motioninione direction from the sleeve. The
spring pressure on the sleeve 32 should be greater than the springpressure on the piston for the reason that the pressures are opposed.Any suitable mechanism may be provided to hold the sleeve 32 normallyinoperative so that it will not interfere with the movement ofthe-spindle by the plunger 25. Such a means may be a fulcrumed lever 35connected to a. toggle 36, the collapse of which, in one direction, islimited. The mid point of the toggle may be connected to a piston 37 sothat by the application of pres sure to this piston the toggle may bemoved to a position in which it will be collapsed by spring pressure onthe lever. In order to admit operating fluid to this piston there may beprovided an arrangement similar to that provided for the valve 20 andcomprising, for example, a no load or under-load switch 38, arranged tooperate a relay 39 included in a circuit 40 with a solenoid 41. Thelocal circuit 40 may, if desired, be the same circuit as the localcircuit 22. The solenoid may be connected to operate a valve 42 to admitsteam through the pipe 43 to the piston 3?.
As an adjunct, the generator may be providedwith a special safety devicewhich ,will operate automatically if the water in the generator reachesa dangerous level, either through the failure of the device 29 locatedat the normal high water level, or from any other cause. This safetydevice may comprise an automatic valve 44 to operate automatically whenthe water reaches a dangerous level, and admit steam from the boilerthrough the pipe 45 to the pipe 43 between the valve 42 ahd piston 37,so as to cause the operation of the toggle mechanism, and the positiveclosing of the valve 26. A check valve 46 may be included in the pipe 45if" desired. It will be observed that the difference between the twoautomatic devices 29 and 44 is that the former admits steam to theplunger 25 so that the valve may be partly closed and then permitted toopen by spring action on the plunger, whereas the latter admits steam toefiect a positive and complete closure of the valve 26 which cannot beopened except by manual operation of the levers and toggle to relievethe valve 26 of pressure imparted by the spring pressed sleeve As willbe seen fromthe foregoing description, the essence of the invention liesin regulating an electric steam generator, according to the electricload in the means, so that the total of current taken by the generatorand any other current taking device shall not exceed a predeterminedamount. The regulation is applied to the generator normally byregulating the amount of water discharge, but under conditions ofemergency by regulating the water supply as well. The arrangement asshown permits, also, of regulating both suppl Y and discharge undernormal conditions, ut this dual regulation is not believed to be,ordinarily, necessary,
and therefore, preferably, the check valve 31 is omitted or renderedinoperative so that the regulation according to line load is effectedsolely by discharge from the generator, while the regulation by thedevice 29, according to the water level, is effective on both supply anddischarge. A no load condition in the line or a dangerous water levelwill result in a positive and complete stoppage of the water supply. Itthe water supply is cut oil on account of dangerous water level therewill, probably, also be an operation of the valve 20 under the-usualoverload condition, for the reason that the danger level will, probably,give a submergence of electrodes which will result in the generatortaking more than the rated maximum of current.
In the diagram, Figure 2, an arrangement is illustrated which is purelyelectrical in its operation. A transformer 47 is connected to the supplylines of the steam generator, preferably, between the generator and thecircuit breaker 48. The secondary circuit of this transformer designated49 has connected in it a. solenoid or similar device 50 operating aslong as there is current flowing to hold the spring closing, feedregulating, valve 26 to some extent open. A pair of circuit breakers 51and 52 are included in the circuit, the circuit breaker 51 beingdesigned for operation by the solenoid or equivalent device 21 under theoverload conditions already explained. For the second circuit breaker 52there is provided an operating solenoid, or the like, designated 53, andarranged, preferably, in parallel with the solenoid 50. There isprovided in circuit with the solenoid 53, a normally open circuit maker54 operatively connected with the high water alarm device 29.Ordinarily, the circuit 49 is closed during the operation of thegenerator, and the feed regulating valve 26 is thereby held more or lessopen, the degree of opening depending, of course, upon the current flowin the secondary circuit which, in turn, depends upon the currentflowing to the generator. If the main line 12 becomes overloaded therelay 23 closes the circuit of the solenoid 21 which draws up itsarmature and operates the circuit breaker 51 to open the, secondarycircuit 49, so that the solenoid 50 is ole-energized and the feed valve26 closes. In the event of water reaching the maximum normal level thealarm device 29 operates to close the circuit maker Y54 and energize thesolenoid 53 which operates the circuit breaker 52 to open the secondarycircuit 49, with the results above described.
While this electrical arrangement has been described only in itsrelation to the regulation of water supply, it will be understood thatit may be, also, arranged to control a normally open discharge valve, asolenoid such as 50 then normally operating to urge the discharge valvetoward complete closure.
Either or both of these valves may be used as in the previouslydescribed form. It will be understood, therefore, that the inventionis-not limited to the particular arrangement of the electricallyoperating embodiment herein disclosed, but applies to all modificationsthereof which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Having thus described our invention what we claim is a g 1; A method ofregulating electric steam generators, coupled with other power takingdevices, on a line which comprises varying the water level of thegenerators inversely with fluctuations of current flow in the line,
to maintain as nearly as possible a predeof current taken by thegenerator to the difference between a fixed amount and the amount takenby the other devices of the installation, which comprises regulating thelevelof water in the generator inversely of the fluctuations in thetotal current flowing in the line.
4. A method, according to claim 3, in
which the regulation is effected by discharg-' ing water in varyingamount from the generator. V
5. Means for controlling electric steam generators comprising adischarge valve, and means operating automatically according totheamount of current flowing in the line serving the generator tooperate said valve; t
6. Means for regulating electric steam generators to take only theunrequired part of a predetermined amount of current, comprising adischarge valve, means to open and close said valve, andmeans to applyan actuating force to the opening and closing means, including a pilotvalve and operating means therefor, and an overload device controllingsaid pilot valve operating means,
and operatively connected in the circuit sup plying the generator.
7. A method of regulating electric steam generators, which comprisesdischarging water therefrom inversely of the surplus of current flowingin the line and available for the generator, and independentlyregulating the supply of water to the generator in accordance with thefluctuations of current available for such generator.
8. Means for regulating electric steam generators, compris ng a normallyclosed predetermined amount of water in the generator.
10. In combination with a device according to claim 8, means to open andclose the admission valve in accordance with the fluctuations of thewater level.
11. In combination with a device according to claim 8, means to closethe admission valve when no current is flowing in the means supplyingthe generator.
12. Means for regulating electric steam generators, comprising anormally closed water supply valve, electro-magnetic means normallyurging said valve to open position, an electric overload device andmeans actuated thereby to de-energize the magnetic valve opening device.
13. Means for regulating electric steam generators, comprising anormally closed water supply valve, an electro-magnetic device normallyurging said'valve to open position, a supply circuit for said magneticdevice-including a magnetic circuit breaker in parallel with themagnetic device, the circuit of said magnetic circuit breaker beingnormally open, and a water'level actuated circuit closer therefor.
14:. In an installation ofcurrent taking devices including an electricsteam generator, means for regulating the amount of current taken by thegenerator to the differ-' ence between a fixed amount and the amounttaken by the other devices in the installation, comprising a transformerdisposed in the supply mains of the installation outside all the currenttaking devices thereof, an electrically operated water supply .valve forthe generator and an overload relay device controlling said valve andoperated by current from said transformer.
15. Means for controlling electric steam generators comprising a supplyvalve and means, operating automatically according to the amount ofcurrent flowing in the line serving the generator, to operate saidvalve. 16. .A method of regulating electric steam generators, whichcomprises admitting waterthereto in amount varying approximatelyproportionally to the amount of current available for the generator.
. 17 That improvement in the electric generation of steam which consistsin automatically adjusting the current capacity of a generator to theamount of surplus current available in a supply line connected theretoand to other currenttaking devices.
18. A method of regulating the electric generation of steam whichconsists in utilizmg the current in a supply line to automaticallyadjust the current capacity of the generator to the amount of surpluscurrent available in said line.
19. A method of controlling the electric generation of steam whichconsistsin connecting a generator to a supply line which in turn isadapted for connection to a plurality of other current taking deviceshavinga predetermined total current capacity and utilizing the currentin said line to automatically adjust the current capacity of thegenerator in accordance with shifting load conditions on the line sothat the said generator will take only the surplus amount of currentavailable in the line between a fixed amount and the amount consumed bythe other current taking devices.
20. A method of controlling an electric enerator to take only thesurplus current in a supply line which consists in utilizour hands.
ANDREW N. RUSSELL. BERNARD A. MALKIN. WILLIAM P. MUIR.
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2024-03-22
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1922-05-02
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1925-02-10"
}
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US-722525-A
|
Radiotube
oct. lles, 192s. 1,687,897
, l 'C. SCHICKERLING RADI OTUBE FPiled Feb. 6, 1925' 14 i /5 w INVENTORBY f ORNEY Patented Oct. 16, 1928.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
CONRAD SCHICKERLING, EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR ONE-HALF T LILLIEE. SCHICKERLING AND HORTENSE SCHICKERLING, BOTH'. OF EAST ORANGE,
NEW JERSEY.
nAnIorUBE.
having a fourth element, a stabilizer, in addif tion to the usual orwell-known filament, grid, and plate elements sealed within a vacuumtube or bulb. rWith the foregoing and other obJe'cts 1n view theinvention consists in thelarrangement and combination of partshereinafter 2o described and claimed, andwhilefthe inven-l tionis notrestricted tothe exact detailsof ,construction disclosed or suggestedherein,a
still for the purpose of'illustrating a practical embodiment thereofreference 's had to 2o the accompanying drawings in fwhich vrlikereference characters designate the same `parts in the several views, andin Which- Figure 1 is a face view of a preferred embodiment of myimprovement, parts belng 1nv so section. x v l Fig. 2 is a. fragmentaryview of the interior parts taken substantially ata rlght angle to theview of Fig. 1 andwith parts broken Y away.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 .is an elevation of lmy vimprovement embodiedv in avmodied formof construction.
Referring now more specifically to the 4o drawings I indicate aradiotube comprising a bulb 10 cemented as usual into a base 11 carrying-theconventional four contact studs, 12
and 13 for the filament, 14 for thel grid, and' 15 for`the plate. 16 isthe pedestal for supf porting the interior fittings and through whichythe severalwi'res lead to the contact studs in the usual manner.
Alt 17 I indicate a suitable `filament leading from one support 18 toanother 19. The
mid portion of the lfament is supported upon a post 20 secured in thepedestal'. .-The s upports .18- and 19 are attached to filamentwlres 3is a cross section rron the line 3--3 of'.-
12a and 13a which lead to the corresponding `l studs 12 and 13.
A suitable form of grid is which in Figs. 1 and'2 is composed of upperand lower spaced parallel bars 22 between which are stretched a seriesof fine wires 23. Thelarnent 17 is held in position spaced from theWires 23 and preferably between the -two series thereof. The grid asjust described is supported at one end upon a dummy post 24 and at theother upon a connection from which a wire 26 leads to the stud 14.
In this form of the invention the plate elementconsists of a metal plate27 looped in spaced relation over and on the sides of the -grid andfilament, the lower .edge portions of the plate being connected to andsupported by a plate post 28 and a support 29 from whichl leads the wire3() to the contact stud 15.
The novel and added element constituting the principalY feature ofthisimprove- V1nent,.is known as a stabilizer and while it may be'exempliiedand practisedl in many different forms or embodiments, it is shown 1nFigs. yLand 2 as consisting of a composite plateistructure 3J. ofpolygonal form rbut having an open center 32-throu`gh which extends thel plate and other' elements just described in a direction substantiallyper envdicular tothe vgeneral plane of the stabi izer and spacedtherefrom. This elementis shown as embodying a pluralityofgiared wings3la spaced from each other and from the top of the plate 27. Thestabilizer, however, comprises two legs 33. on opposite sides a'ndspacedfromthe sides of/theplate 27, one/:of these.
legs being provided Witha supporting post v34 and theI other has asupporting member 35 from'whichhleads v'a' wire 36\through the pedestal16, thiswirejbeing united as by twisting with one of the'lam'ent wiresand sois 'attached thereby to one of the filamentstuds. While I indicatethis connecshown at 21 tionl with'the wire 13a and st-ud 13, the conmentwire.
The modification shown I term a power tube arrangement or construction,the'same being adapted for more nection might bemade with the otherfilapowerful,amplification or detection, but like `inthe `irstfform,with a remarkablylow avmperage in yproportion to the amplification inFig. 4 is what i and efficiency realized. In this form the `bulb 1()a isshown mounted upon or wit-hin a base 11 and provided with the standardfittings, the contact studs 12 to 15, the pedestal-16, and the usualthree elements as identied in the foregoing description. The filament17a is of the form in which a simple wire is supported or suspendedbetween two supports 18 and 19'l1 from which the wires 12a and 13arespectively extend to thestuds A 12 and 13. This filament 17 isstretched through the central space within a grid 21n in the form of acoil supported upon two supports 24: and 25, from the latter of whichleads a wire 26 to the contact stud 14. The plate 27 a is supported bymeans of two supports 28 and 29, from the latter of which leads a wire30 to the stud 15.
The stabilizer 31b in this form is shown as comprising three wings 31cflared away from one another and surrounding the plate 27 as by means ofopenings 32, This stablizer as in the previous form is supported by asupport 35 from which leads a wirel 36 united as by twisting with thefilament wire 13l as above descr1bed.
`As a result'of extensive experiments and practice of this invention invarious designs and forms I have established the fact that becauseof thefourth element or stabilizer it is possible to secure remarkable freedomfrom tube noises so commonly experienced with other tubes, but-thescientific reason for the effect I am not at this time able to explain.
I claim: l
1. In a radio tube, the combination with i filament, grid, and plateelements, of afourth stabilizing element to eliminate objectionable tubenoises, the stabilizing element being a plate disposed centrally and atright angles to the first mentioned plate, and having electricalconnection with the filament.
2. In a radio tube, the combination withv filament, grid, and plateelements, of a fourth stabilizing element to eliminate objectionabletube noises, the stabilizing element comprising a plate having anopening and throu h which the first mentioned late extends 1n spacedrelation in a directlon substantially perpendicular to the plane of the'stabilizer plate, said stabilizer plate having electrical connectionwith said filament.
3. In a radio tube, the combination with CONRAD scHICKEnLING.
.Y filament, grid, and plate elements, of a' fourth l
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2024-03-22
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1925-02-06
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1928-10-16"
}
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US-32049419-A
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Firearm
UNITED VSTATES PATENT OFFICE.
FIREARIVI.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed August 28, 1919. `Serial No. 320,494.
T0 all whom it may concern.'
Be it known that I, OSCAR F. MossBERe, a citizen ofl the United States,and a resident of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.
My invention relates to a small firearm or pistol, and more particularlyto a firearm in which the barrel with the plural bores is stationary inthe firing operation while the firing pin is revolved and its firingmember, which is off the center of the pin, is caused to contact withthe successive cartridges. lVhile the invention in all of its phases isnot limited to a firearm of the particular type indicated, the inventionlends itself more particularly to that type.
The general object of my invention is to provide a firearm improved invarious particulars to possess certain distinctive features andcharacteristics, among which are the following:
The trigger is arranged to have a sliding movement as distinguished froma pivotal movement, and serves to actuate a pivoted hammer; the barreland elements appurtenant thereto are so arranged on the frame that whenthe firearm is brokem the trigger will swing entirely clear of the frameand out of possible engagement with the hammer so that the hammer cannotbe operated and strain the face plate of the pin housing in the brokencondition of the firearm, and thereby cannot strain or buckle said faceplate; novel latch means is provided for holding the barrel in the ringposition; a novel arrangement of spring means is provided for the hammerand for the trigger to move the hammer to firing position and to returnthe trigger to forward position; and the frame to which the barrel ispivoted and parts appurtenant to said frame, have a novel constructionand arrangement, so designed as to afford accessibility to moving parts,and provide a simple and strong construction promoting convenieiice ofassemblage and repair.
The above and other objects are attained by the novel construction andarrangement of parts hereinafter particularly described and claimed.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part ofthis specification, it being understood that the drawings are merelyillustrative of one example of the invention.
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the irearm embodying myinvention, showing the trigger in the forward position and the hammer inposition for the firing pin to engage a cartridge;
l Fig. is a similar view showing the parts in position with the hammercocked and about to be released;
Fig. 3 is a plan view ofthe firearm broken;
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the firearm broken;
Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 5-5, Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the hammer; and
Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a pawl for establishing the releasableengagement of the trigger with the hammer.
In carrying out my invention in accordance with the illustrated example,the barrel 10 having bores to receive a plurality of cartridges, andhere shown as having four bores, has rigid therewith a frame 11, at theunder side, in which a slidable trigger 12 has longitudinal movement,said frame having guideways 13 at the top and bottom engaged by thetrigger. The frame 14 of the firearm advantageously has at the sides,wooden stock elements 15 secured to said frame at the lower end byscrews 16, and presenting at the upper ends beveled projections 152,which are accommodated in correspondingly formed undercut recesses 14ain said frame. The frame 11 is pivoted to the frame 141 by a transversepin 17 at the forward side of the frame 14, the pivotal connection withthe frame 11 being through a depending arm 18 formed rigid with saidframe, so that when the firearm is brokem the frame 11 and trigger 12will swing clear of the frame 14, and the trigger be out of possibleengagement with the hammer 19 or1 the firearm, so that the hammer cannotbe operated to cause the firing pin to strain the face plate of thehousing in which the pin has movement in the firing operation, thearrangement making it impossible to operate the hammer and firing pinexcept when the barrel is in position with the breech against the facevplate of the firing pin housing.
The hammer 19 is pivoted at its lower end to the iframe 14 above andadjacent to the pivot 17, the pivot pin 21 of the ham Patented July 27,1920.
mer passing through the forked lower end 2() of the hammer. The head 22of the hammer has a longitudinal pin-hole 23 in which the firing pin 21is turnable and yieldable longitiulinally. The chamber in which the headof the hammer has movement is prefeably closed at the sides by separateplates 25 secured to the trame 1l at the rear end by screws 26, saidplates at the forward end being notched to receive the laterallyextending members 14') of the face plate 11C of said chamber, therebeing a dovetailed engagement between the members l1" and the frontendsof the plates 25. The plates Q5 are detachable by removing the screws 26and sliding the plates rearwardly out of engagement with the framemembers 1lb. A coil spring 2T encircles the firing pin 2l adjacent tothe headed rear end thereof, said spring bearing against the head of thepin and against an opposed internal shoulder 23 in the pin-hole Q3, andserving to create friction between the liring pin and the hammer wherebysaid pin is held in position during the forward stroke of the hammer oruntil the pin is positively turned by the means hereinafter described.
ln the rearward liring movement of the trigger 12, which engages thehammer 19 in a manner hereinafter described, swinging the hammerrearwardly on its pivot pin 21, the tiring pin 2l is given a partialturn by the action of anelongated dog 28 pivoted at its lower end, as atQ9, to the rear portion of the frame 1l, said dog being acted on by aspring 3f), tending to maintain it in the forward position. The upperend of the dog extends freely through an oblique slot 31 in the head 22,the point of the dog engaging in one of an annular series of notches 32formed in the enlarged portion or flange 353 of the firing pin, therebeing notches corresponding in number with the bores of the barrel 10.rfhe dog 28 and the hammer 19 having different pivotal centers, in therearward movement of the hammer 1S). it will vary its angle to the dog28, the latter yielding rearwardly, and, at the same time, by engagementwith a notch 32, give a turning movement to the tiring pin. When thehammer is released, the tiring pin contacts with the rearwardly facingshoulder 11" produced by counterboring of the pin-hole ll@ in the faceplate 1110, and it will be seen that the blow delivered against the faceplate at the shoulder 11d by the enlarged portion or flange 33 of theliring pin, would tend to strain said face plate if the hammer wereoperated when the firearm is cbroken and the breech of the firearmremoved from said face plate. The straining of analogous parts in knownforms of firearms is produced by the trigger being operated, thuscausing the hammer to operate when the gun is brokem whereas with mydescribed construction, the swinging of the frame 11 and trigger 12entirely out of the frame 1st and wholly out of operative relation tothe hammer, prevents the operation of the latter if the trigger beoperated when the gun is broken The engagement between the trigger 12and the hammer 19 is produced by a pivoted dog on the one engaging ashoulder on the other, there being a catch or dog lslin the illustratedexample engaging an opposed shoulder produced by notching the upper edgeof t-he trigger 12. The dog 3-1 is secured by a pivot pin 3G passingthrough a transverse pin-hole 3S in the hammer, said dog beingaccommodated in a recess or pocket 39 in the under side of the head 22,and acted upon by a spring el() coiled about the pin 3G, the ends of thespring bearing, respectively, against the dog 3l and against the upperwall of the pocket 39, as seen in Fig. 1.
The hammer is thrown to the firing position when released by acompression spring Ll1, disposed obliquely in the frame 14, at thebottom, the rear end of said spring being accommodated in a pocket ordepression L12 in the frame 14, while the upper forward end encircles apin or core L13 having a flange against which the spring abuts. Theconcave upper end of the forward portion of the pin L1-3 bears againstthe pin Ll5 extending transversely through holes L16 in the sides of thefork 2l) of the hammer 15), said pin yl5 being so positioned that itwill move through an arc as the hammer 1S) moves rearwardly on its pivot21, thereby placing the spring 41 under tension so that its reactionwill throw the hammer fon wardly upon release of dog 3l from thetrigger.
rlhe trigger 12 is returned to the forward position after rearwardsliding movement for firing by the action of a coil spring et? in alongitudinal pocket d8 extending forwardly from the rear end of thetrigger, said spring abutting at its rear end against the head of a pin#19, about which said spring is coiled, said pin abutting at its rearend against a transverse screw 5() in the frame 11 and extending` acrossthe pocket 48 in the rear of the pin 119.
The .latch 51 for holding the barrel 1.0 in firing position is disposedlongitudinally of the frame 1-1 at the top. and is pivotedV between itsends, as at 52, having vertical rocking movement. At the forward end,the latch 51 has a broadened latch head presenting shoulders 54 at therear of said head that engage against forwardly facing shoulders 10" onthe barrel 1() at the breech of the latter, the shank of the latchadjacent to the latch head 53, being accommodated in a notch 10 in thetop of the barrel. The rear end of the latch extends downwardlypreferably obliquely, and it closes the rear end of the chamber, thesides of which are formed by the plates 25. A spring 56 secured at itsforward end to the latch 51, rearwardly of the pivot 52, bears at itsrear end against a rearwardly facing surface on the frame 14, so thatwhen the rear end 55 of the latch is pressed downwardly and forwardly,the spring 5G will be stressed tending to restore the latch to thelatching position.
The numeral 57 indicates a tool in the form of an elongated strip havinga hooked upperl end and said tool is accommodated in a vertical slot 58in the frame adjacent to a side plate 25 at the inner side of thelatter, there being a complementary slot 59 in the adjacent stockelement 15. The tool 57 is thus made accessible for use in cleaning thefirearm or in testing any of the moving parts, such as the firing pin 24and the dog 34.
In practice, it will be seen from Fig. 1, that with the barrel structurein the normal position, the trigger 12 extends into the frame structure14 and overlaps the hammer 19, the arrangement making for compactnessand still providing a clearance for the longitudinal movement of thetrigger. Vhen the trigger is moved rearwardly, the shoulder 35 engagesthe forward end of the dog 34 and swings the hammer rearwardly until thehammer reaches a predetermined position in which the relative movementsof the hammer and trigger will cause the dog to slip from and disengagethe shoulder 85, thereby releasing the hammer, and, at the same time,the relative movements of the hammer and the operating member 28 of thefiring pin will give a turning movement to the pin for locating thefiring projection 24"L thereof in line with the cartridge to be fired.In the snapping of the hammer, the bearing relation between thespring-pressed pin 43 and the transverse pin 45 on the hammer, permitsthe hammer to be operated by the spring without undue straining on thepin 43 or the hammer. lVhen the firearm is broken, the trigger 12 swingswith the barrel structure entirely out of operative relation to thehammer, and thereby the operation of the trigger when the firearm isbroken cannot snap the hammer to strain the face plate 14C.
I would state in conclusion that while the illustrated exampleconstitutes, a practical embodiment of my inventioml do not limit myselfstrictly to the mechanical details herewith illustrated since manifestlythe same can be considerably varied without departure from the spirit ofthe invention as defined in the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. A firearm including aframe presentbreaking of the firearm, a hammer mounted on said frame andadapted to be snapped to have impact against the back of said face platewhen the barrel is in normal position, said hammer having a firing pinadapted to be projected through the face plate for firing a cartridge inthe barrel, actuating means for said hammer and in operative relationthereto when the barrel is in normal position presenting its breech tothe face plate, and means carrying said actuating means and subject to amovement of the barrel from its position against the face plate forcarrying the actuating means out of its position for snapping the hammeragainst the face plate when the barrel moves away from the face plate.
2. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, abarrel, means pivotally mounting the barrel to swing to and from normalposition, and a trigger carried by the barrel and swingable therewithoutwardly away from the hammer when the barrel is swung from its normalposition.
3. A firearm including a frame, a barrel having a plurality of bores,means swingably mounting the barrel on the frame so that the firearm maybe brokem a pivoted hammer in said frame, a revoluble firing pin carriedby the hammer, means to turn said pin with the operation of the hammerto successively fire cartridges in the respective bores, and a triggerslidably mounted and movable rearwardly to actuate the hammer, saidtrigger normally extending at its rear end into said frame, and the pathof movement of the trigger overlapping the arcuate path of movement ofthe hammer.
4. A firearm including a frame, a barrel having a plurality of bores,means swingably mounting the barrel on the frame so that the barrel maybe broken, a pivoted hammer in said frame, a revoluble firing pincarried by the hammer, means to turn said pin with the loperation of thehammer to successively fire cartridges in the respective bores, andav'trigger slidably mounted and movable rearwardly to actuate thehammer, said trigger normally extending at its rear end into said frame,the path of movement of the trigger overlapping the arcuate path ofmovement of the hammer, and the said trigger being swingable with thebarrel to and from the operative position.
5. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, abarrel swingably mounted on the frame, and a trigger for actuating saidhammer, said trigger being Vcarried by said barrel to partake of theswinging movements thereof and being movable out of operative relationto the hammer upon movement of the barrel to any angular positionrelatively to its normal p0- sition.
G. -X firearm including a frame, a barrel swingable on the frame tooperative and inoperative positions, a hammer in the frame, a triggernormally extending at its rear end into said frame in operative relationto the hammer and means mounting said trigger and subjectI to themovements of the barrel to be swingable with the barrel to carry saidtrigger out of the frame and into inoperative relation to the hammer.
7. A firearm including a pivotally mounted hammer and a trigger, the onehaving a dog and thc other presenting a shoulder to be engaged by thedog in the operation of the trigger for actuating the hammer; tos getherwith a barrel, said trigger being slidably mounted to have rectilinealforward and backward movement approximately parallel with the bore ofthe barrel, said dog being yieldable upon a rearward movement of thetrigger to slip from the shoulder for releasing the hammer from thetrigger when the hammer has been moved through a given arc.
S. A firearm including a hammer and a trigger, the one having ayieldable dog thereon and the other presenting a shoul der to be engagedby said dog; together with a barrel, said trigger being slidably mountedto have rectilineal forward and backward movement approximately parallelwith the bore of the barrel, said trigger and hammer having relativepaths of movement to release the dog and permit firing movement of thehammer.
9. A firearm including a frame, a hammer therein, a barrel, frameelements rigid with the barrel and swingable on the frame so that thefirearm may be cbrokenf longi tudinal guides on said rigid framemembers, and a trigger slidable in said guides and adapted to swing withthe barrel outwardly, away from' the hammer out of operative relation tothe latter, and to swing with the barrel inwardly toward the hammer withthe restoring of the barrel to normal position.
10. A firearm including a frame, a hammer therein, a barrel, frameelements rigid with the barrel and swingable on the frame so that thefirearm may be brokem longitudinal guides on said rigid frame members,and a trigger slidable in said guides and adapted to swing with thebarrel into and out of operative relation to the hammer; together withspringpressed means on said rigid frame members to return the trigger tothe forward position after an operation of the hammer by the trigger.
11. A firearm including a frame, a barrel swingably mounted on theframe, a hammer pivoted at its lower end in the frame, a compressionspring obliquely disposed in the frame at its lower end, a bearingmember acted on by said spring at its forward end and pressing saidhammer, normally tending to throw it forwardly, the rearward movement ofthe hammer serving to compress said spring, a trigger, and meansswingable with the barrel and slidably mounting said trigger.
12. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer pivotally mounted inthe chamber of the frame, detachable plates at the sides of said chamberat the upper portion thereof, a face plate at the front of said chamber,said face plate presenting laterally projecting dove-tailed members atthe sides, and said side plates having each a dovetailed recessreceiving the dove-tailed members of the face plate, a barrel swingableon the frame to and from its normal position, and a latch pivotedbetween the sides of the chamber at the upper portion thereof andadapted to engage the barrel in the normal position.
13. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer mounted in thechamber of said frame and carrying the firing pin, a barrel swingablerelatively to the frame to and from normal position, and a latchpivotally mounted on said frame and adapted to latch the barrel innormal position, the rear end of said latch forming a closure for saidchamber in the rear of the firing pin.
14,-. A firearm including a chambered frame, a hammer mounted in thechamber of said frame, a barrel structure swingable on the frame to andfrom normal position, and a latch pivoted between the sides of thechamber and adapted to engage said barrel structure in its normalposit-ion, the rear end of said latch extending downwardly and forming aclosure for the adjacent portion of said chamber.
15. A firearm including a hammer, a barrel having plural bores, a firingpin carried by the hammer and revolubly mounted therein to be turnedsuccessively to positions for firing cartridges in the respective bores,means to turn said pin by a movement of the hammer, and a spring tocreate friction between the firing pin and hammer and hold the pinagainst turning movement until positively turned by said means, saidspring being coiled about the firing pin within the pin hole of thehammer.
1G. A firearm including a frame, a hammer supported by the frame, abarrel, and a trigger for actuating said hammer, said barrel beingpivoted to the frame at a point below the trigger, so that the latterswings away from the hammer with the swinging of the barrel from thenormal position.
17. A firearm including a frame, a hamhammer to be thus interposedbetween the barrel and the firing position of the hammer, a triggermovable relatively to the barrel hammer against said element when thebarrel moves away from said element.
OSCAR F. MOSSBERG.
mer pivoted in the fra-me, a barrel pivotally into operative engagementwith the hammer 10 mounted to swing relatively to the frame to when thebarrel is in normal position, and and from the normal position, saidframe means mounting said trigger and subject to presenting a fixedelement in the rear of the a movement of the barrel from its positionnormal position of the barrel and directly adjacent said fixed element,for carrying the adjacent t0 the forward position of said trigger out ofits position for snapping the 15
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2024-03-22
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1919-08-28
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1920-07-27"
}
|
US-307980D-A
|
Freight-elevator
(No Model.) S
0'. BLPAXTON.
FREIGHT ELEVATOR.
No. 307,980. Patented Nov.-
WITNESSES INVENTOR: 7 BY Jul/M 41,
ATTORNEYS.
F wmumo hu, wmin m o c NITED STATES CHARLES BUOKNER PAXTON,
PATENT OFFICE.
OF VIOKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI.
FREIGHT-ELEVATOR.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 307,980, dated November11, 1884.
v 3 Application filed June 25, 1884. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES B. PAXTON,
of Vicksburg, in the county of WVarren and State of Mississippi, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Freight-Elevators, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description.
The object of my invention is to provide a freight-elevator for loadingand unloading water-craft, especially at low stages of water; and itconsists in an adjustable platform and endless elevator combined, ashereinafter described and claimed. I
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in both the figures.
Figure 1 is a vertical section and partial elevation of my improvedelevator, 2 is a side elevation of the same.
A is a vertical shaft stepped in a box, a, under or upon the deck of thevessel or other support.
B is a double-cogged master-wheel loose on shaft a, and supported by itshub resting on the step.
0 is a frame carrying the stage and elevator, and supported on the upperend of the shaft A by boxes in cross-bars b, that are keyed to the shaftor rest on shoulders thereon.
d is a vertical shaft sustained in bearings on frame 0. This shaftcarries at its lower end a pinion, e, engaging the internal cogs ofwheel B, and on its upper end is a bevel-pinion, f. I
g is a horizontal shaft on frame 0, carrying a bevel-pinion, h, meshingwith pinion f, and also carrying chain-wheels it for endless chains kis, that pass over similar chain-wheels, 'Z, on a shaft, Z, at the upperend of the stage D. The side bars of the stage D are hung on the shaft9, so that the outer end can be raised and inions n n that en a e inionso 7 b and Fig.
lowered. There is also a shaft, m, extending lengthwise of the stage andcarrying bevel- 0 on shafts 9 Z for the purpose of transferring thepower to the upper shaft, Z, and keeping the chains taut. The two chainsare connected by crossbars 10 at suitable intervals. This constructionallows the stage, with the elevating-chains,
to be raised and swung to the required height and position for the upperend to rest upon a dock or shore.
The elevator may be operated by stearnor other power, as mostconvenient; but usually the steam-capstan on the vessel will be gearedto wheel B, so that when set in motion the chains, with bars 0, will becaused to travel in either direction and carry up or down any freightplaced on them.
The wheel B may be keyed to the shaft A and the shaft fitted to revolve.I do not limit myself in that respect, nor in other details ofconstruction.
Having thus described my invention, what. I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-
1. In a freight-elevator, the combination of the stage D, carryingendless chains, the shaft 9, frame 0, and gearing, substantially asdescribed, for operating the chains.v
2. In a freight-elevator, the combination of the frame 0, carrying anendless-chain elevator, the shaft A, master-wheel B, and connections,substantially as described, for operating the elevator.
3. The shaft m and pinions n n o 0, combined with the chain-wheel shafts9 Z, chains k, chainwheels Z 'Z, and stage D, as and for the purposesspecified.
OHARLES BUOKNER PAXTON. Witnesses:
LOUIS B. SMYsER, J AMES J. DOYLE.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1884-11-11"
}
|
US-75989858-A
|
Sheet separator device
Jan. 16, 1962 Filed Sept. 9, 1958 L. J. STUCKENS SHEET SEPARATOR DEVICE3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR L J. STUCKENS TTY.
Jan. 16, 1962 J. STUCKENS 3,017,179
SHEET SEPARATOR DEVICE Filed Sept. 9. 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQR LEOJ. STUcKENS ATTY.
Jan. 16, 1962 J. STUCKENS SHEET SEPARATORDEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FiledSept. 9. 1958 INVENTOR LEO J. STUCKENS M ATTY.
United rates This invention relates to a device for separatingsuperimposed sheets from each other as the sheets are advancing, andmore particularly, to a novel separator device which is actuated solelybythe thrust of one of the sheets to be separated.
In sheet handling apparatuses such as photocopy maohines, reproducingequipment, printing presses, processing machinery and the like, it isfrequently necessary to separate one or more sheets from a group ofsuperimposed sheets while the group is moving in a direction parallel tothe planes of the sheets. For example, in a photocopy device it would beextremely advantageous to provide an automatic means for separating thedocument sheet from the negative sheet after the exposure step, or forseparating the positive sheet from the document and negative sheetsbefore the exposure step.
In the sheet handling apparatuses heretofore known in the prior art,separation of superimposed sheets is usually obtained by pneumatic orsuction devices which may be actuated to cause one of the sheets toadhere thereto and thereby eifect the desired separation. Anotherexpedient heretofore employed in the prior art has been the use of amovable deflector element which is moved to alternate positions by a cammechanism or by electrical solenoids. These prior art separator deviceshave proven to be complicated, expensive and unreliable in operation.
As opposed to the expensive and complicated sheet separator arrangementsheretofore employed, the sheet separator device in accordance with thepresent invention is relatively simple and inexpensive as to itsconstruction. Furthermore, its mode of operation is extremely reliablein that the present device is actuated solely by the thrust of one ofthe sheets to be separated. This simple positive mode of operationeliminates the possibility of any failure or maladjustment of anauxiliary actuating mechanism or pneumatic means which has heretoforebeen necessary in devices which utilized a movable deflector element ora suction arrangement.
This application is a continuation in part of my prior co-pendingapplications Serial No. 705,520 filed December 27, 1957, and Serial No.741,372 filed June 11, 1958. These prior applications disclose two formsof sheet separator device in accordance with the present invention anddisclose the manner in which the invention may be utilized in aphotocopy machine of the compact desktype variety. The presentapplication discloses additional modifications or forms of sheetseparator devices in accordance with the general principle and mode ofoperation disclosed in said prior applications.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 1--1 ofFIG. 6 and shows one form of the invention wherein the kicker orseparator member is pivotally mounted, and shows a pair of superimposedsheets advancing toward the kicker member with the leading edge of oneof the sheets making initial contact with the latter;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but shows a successive stage whereinthe leading edge of the sheet has moved into a recess formed in thekicker member;
FIG. 3 shows the same embodiment in a latter stage wherein the kickermember has been pivoted upwardly in response to the thrust exerted bythe leading edge of the leading sheet;
atent ice FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIGS. 1 to 3 and shows the mannerin which the two sheets are separated when the kicker member is in itsuppermost position;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 and shows the sheets being separatedas they travel around the kicker member;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to5 and shows one of the many possible arrangements for mounting thekicker member;
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing anotherembodiment of the invention wherein the kicker member is pivotallymounted;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view, showing still another embodiment having apivotal mounting for the kicker member;
FIG. 9 shows an embodiment wherein the kicker member is movably mountedby means of a resiliently yieldable element;
FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention having a resilientlyyieldable element for movably mounting the kicker member;
FIG. 11 shows another embodiment wherein the kicker member is pivotallymounted, and having spring means for biasing the kicker member insteadof the gravity biasing arrangement shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to8 inclusive;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing another embodiment wherein thekicker member is slidably mounted for reciprocal movement;
FIG. 13 shows the embodiment of FIG. 12 with the kicker member in itsactuated position;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 1414 of FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view showing still another embodimentwherein the kicker member is pivotally mounted; and
FIG. 16 is an end elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 15.
Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 6 inclusive, the reference numeral 21indicates generally a support bracket or frame comprising a horizontalelement 22 having at its opposite ends integral upstanding flangeportions 23, 24. A pair of rollers 25, 26 have their opposite endsrotatably mounted in support flanges 23, 24. Extending between thelatter and fixedly secured thereto at its opposite ends is a fixed shaft27.
The movable kicker member or separator element is designated generallyby the reference numeral 28 and is provided with a bearing sleeve 29receiving shaft 27 whereby kicker 28 is freely rotatably mounted forpivotal movement about the axis of shaft 27. It will be seen from theshape of kicker 28 and the relative location of bearing sleeve 29 thatthe center of gravity of kicker 28 is located to the right of shaft 27as viewed in FIGS. 1 to 5 inclusive. This causes kicker 28 to benormally biased by gravity in a clockwise direction as viewed in thesefigures.
A stop member 30, or other suitable means, may be employed to limit thepivotal'movemen-t of kicker member 28 to the initial position shown inFIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 6, stop member St is secured to a collar31 rotatably mounted on shaft 27 and ecured in any adjusted position onthe latter by means of a set screw 32 which may be tightened to engageshaft 27. The position of stop member 3% and therefore the initial restposition of kicker member 28 may be selectively adjusted by looseningscrew 32, rotating collar 31 to any desired position of angularorientation, and then retightening screw 32. Stop member 30 is adaptedto abut against the upper surface of the tail portion 33 of kicker 28. V
The outer end of kicker 28 comprises an arcuate surface or edge 34intersecting with another surface or edge 35 angularly inclined withrespect thereto to form a recess or notch 36 therebetween. The outer endof edge 34 intersects with the lower edge 37 to form a lip 36. The loweredge 37 extends downwardly and rearwardly to a convex edge 39.
The group of superimposed sheets to be separated pass between rollers25, 26 and advance toward kicker 28. Although for purposes of simplicityand clarity in illustration the drawings disclose only a pair ofsuperimposed sheets, it will be understood that the group may includemany more than two sheets and, in this event, the invention is operativeand effective to separate one or any desired number of sheets from theother sheets in the group.
In order to assure proper operation of the device, the sheets must be sooriented with respect to each other that the leading edge of one of thesheets is in advance of the other sheet or sheets to be separatedtherefrom by a small lead of approximately one-quarter of an inch. InFIGS. 1 to 6 the leading sheet is the uppermost one and is designated bythe reference letter L, and the lowermost trailing sheet is designatedby the reference letter T.
As the sheets L, T pass between rollers 25, 26 toward kicker member 28,the leading edge of the leading sheet L eventually contacts theright-hand end of kicker member 28. The latter is so positioned withrespect to rollers 25, 26 and the direction of feed of sheets L, T thatthe leading edge of sheet L will frequently enter directly into recess36. If the leading edge of sheet L droops slightly so as to first makecontact with the arcuate edge 34, or is slightly higher than normal soas to first strike edge 35, these edges 34, 35 will guide the leadingedge of sheet L toward and finally into the recess 36. Due to the leadof sheet L with respect to sheet T, the latter does not make contactwith kicker member 28 until after the following operation has occurred.
That is, continued movement of sheet L will cause its leading edge toexert a thrust upon kicker member 28. The line of this thrust extends tothe left as viewed in FIGS. 1 to in a direction extending above shaft 27so as to exert a torque on kicker 28, thereby causing the latter torotate upwardly in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 27.
As kicker 28 rotates upwardly in response to the thrust exerted by sheetL, the arcuate contour of edge 34 engages the lower surface of sheet Lto cause its leading edge to be raised outwardly of recess 36. Theleading edge of sheet L then rides upwardly along edge 35 as shown inFIGS. 3 and 4. Kicker 28 will have been rotated to its upward positionbefore the leading edge of trailing sheet T advances suficiently tocontact kicker 28. The leading edge of sheet T then contacts kicker 28along the edge 37 thereof as shown in FIG. 4, and the leading edge ofsheet T then slides downwardly along edge 37 and then along the convexedge 39 until a condition is reached, as shown in FIG. 5, wherein thetwo sheets are advancing around kicker 28 which serves to separate themand compel their movement in different directions.
The upper portion 35a of edge 35 of kicker 28 remains in contact withsheet L and the latter thus holds kicker 28 in its uppermost positionuntil the trailing edge of sheet L has passed the upper extremity ofedge 35, whereupon kicker 28 is then free to pivot in a clockwisedirection down to its original normal position determined by theabutment of tail portion 33 against stop member 30.
Referring noW to FIG. 7, there is shown another embodiment of theinvention comprising a kicker 128 freely rotatably mounted on ahorizontal shaft 127 located to the left of the center of gravity ofkicker 128 so as to cause the latter to be normally biased by gravity ina clockwise direction as viewed in the drawing. Except for its shape,kicker 128 is substantially similar to kicker 28 described above inconnection with FIGS. 1 to 6 inclusive.
Instead of rollers as disclosed above, the sheets L, T may pass betweena continuous belt 125 and a large rotatable cylinder or roller 1126.Belt is entrained around and in contact with a segment of the exteriorsurface of cylinder 126 and is also entrained around roller 12511. asWell as other rollers (not shown).
As sheets L, T advance to the left from between belt 125 and cylinder126 toward kicker 128, they may beguided by a pair of guide elementsindicated generally by the reference numerals 140, 141 and eachcomprising; an inclined forward section 142, 143, a horizontal section144, 145, and an inclined rear section 146, 147.
Kicker 128 comprises a flat planar front edge or sur-- face 129, and itslower, rear and upper edges 130, 131,. 132 respectively are alsodisclosed as fiat and rectilinear.- The initial or lowermost position ofkicker 128 is shown in solid lines in FIG. 7, and its actuated or upperposi-- tion is shown by the dash-dot lines. Kicker 128 is prevented frombeing moved by gravity in a clockwise direction beyond its initialposition by abutment of corner 148 with the inclined section 146 of theupper guide member 140, or by abutment of the lower corner 149 with theinclined section 147 of lower guide member 141. The uppermost oractuated position of kicker 128 is determined by the abutment of the topedge 132 with a stop member 130.
As described above in connection with the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 6,the leading edge of sheet L must be provided with a lead with respect tothe leading edge of trailing sheet T. As the sheets L, T pass betweenguide member 14%, 141 toward kicker 128, the leading edge of sheet Lwill eventually strike the front edge 129 of kicker 128. The thrustexerted on kicker 128 by sheet L will be in direction having a line ofaction above shaft 127, whereby the thrust exerted by sheet L will causekicker 128 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction toward the positionshown in dash-dot lines. Sheet L then continues to ride upwardly alongthe front edge 129 as shown by dash-dot lines at L'.
By the time that the leading edge of trailing sheet T strikes kicker128, the latter has already been pivoted to its uppermost position bysheet L, so that the leading edge of sheet T will strike the lower edge130 of kicker 128 and will ride along the latter as shown by thedash-dot lines at T. It will thus be seen that the sheets L, T areseparated by kicker 128 so as to move in different directions atapproximately 90 degrees with respect to each other. Kicker 128 ismaintained in its uppermost position by sheet L until the trailing edgeof the latter passes above and out of engagement with the upper corner148, after which gravity urges kicker 123 in a clockwise direction backto its initial position shown in solid lines.
Referring now to FIG. 8, kicker 228 is a modified version of kicker 128described above with respect to FIG. 7. The front face of kicker 228 isprovided with an arcuate portion 229 intersecting with the lowerrectilinear portion 22% so as to form a notch or recess 22%therebetween. Kicker 228 is otherwise shaped similarly to kicker 128 andis freely pivotally mounted on shaft 227.
The lower guide member 241 may be identical to guide member 141previously described in connection with FIG. 7. The upper guide member249 is similar to the previously described guide member 145) except thatthe inclined rear section 2% thereof is provided with a narrow slot 247extending rearwardly and upwardly from the point designated by thereference numeral 243 to the extreme upper end of section 246. The upperforward corner portion 24% of kicker 228 rides within slot 247 whichprovides clearance for corner 249 when kicker 223 is in its initiallowermost position shown in solid lines. This initial position isdetermined by the abutment of the forward lower corner 225a of kicker228 against downwardly inclined section 2.47 of guide member 241. Kicker228 tends to rotate to this position because the center of gravity ofkicker 228 is to the right of shaft 227 when kicker 223 is mounted asshown in FIG. 8.
When kicker 228 is moved by the thrust of the leading sheet L to itsuppermost position shown in dash-dot lines as designated by thereference numeral 228, the lower surface of sheet L bears against thearcuate edge 229 to maintain kicker 228 in its uppermost position untilthe trailing edge of sheet L has passed out of contact with edge 229.When this occurs, gravity biases kicker 228 in a clockwise direction, asviewed in FIG. 8, back toward its initial position.
The slotted portion of section 246 of upper guide member 240 serves as abacking support for leading sheet L and reinforces the latter as sheet Lbears against arcuate edge 229 to maintain kicker 228 in its actuatedupper position. That is, section 246 prevents sheet L from being pushedaway by kicker 223 as the latter tends to be pivoted by gravity in aclockwise direction, so that kicker 228 may not pivot downwardly untilthe trailing edge of sheet L has passed out of contact with arcuate edge229.
Referring now to PEG. 9, kicker 328 is mounted on a resilientlyyieldable member 330 comprising an upwardly extending flange 332a-tfixed to a support element 331, a forwardly extending portion 333perpendicular to flange 332, and a downwardly extending flange 334.Member 330 is made of a resilient material such as spring steel.Attached to flange 334 is the rear surface of a lower straight portion329 of kicker 328. Integral with said portion 329 is an arcuate upperportion 335 which curves convexly in an upward direction. A notch orrecess 336 may be formed at the intersection of kicker portions 329,335.
' Member 339 and kicker 328 are normally in the position shown by solidlines in FIG. 9. As the group of superimposed sheets advances to beseparated, initially, the leading edge of sheet L strikes kicker 328. Ifsheet L should strike kicker 328 above notch 336, the curvature ofportion 335 initially tends to guide it down into notch 336. Similarly,if the leading edge of sheet L should strike portion 329, it is guidedupwardly into notch 336.
The continuing advance of the superimposed sheets causes the leadingedge of sheet L to exert a thrust against kicker 32%, thereby causingyieldable element 330 to bend upwardly to the position shown by thedash-dot lines in FIG. 11. The leading edge of sheet L then rides upalong the convexly curved surface of portion 335. At the same time,trailing sheet T, advancing toward kicker 323 with its leading edgeslightly behind that of sheet L, passes below the lower edge 329a ofportion 329 and slides along the bottom surface of portion 333 of member330. Trailing sheet T is able to clear edge 329a by virtue of kicker 323having been moved to the upper position shown by the dash-dot lines dueto the thrust exerted by sheet L.
Resiliently yieldable member 338' mounting kicker 328 is held in theposition shown by the dash-dot lines for so long as the lower surface ofleading sheet L remains in contact with portion 335 of kicker 328. Whensheet L passes out of contact with portion 335, yieldable member 330 isfree to resume its normal straight position and kicker 32% returns toits normal position shown by the solid lines in FIG. ll. By this time,sheet L has gone along an upward path indicated at L, while sheet T hasproceeded along a lower path indicated at T, thus effectively separatingthe two sheets.
PEG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention also utilizing aresiliently yieldable member for movably mounting the kicker.Resiliently yieldable member 43% is secured at one end to a support 4-31by conventional means such as rivet 431a. Attached by rivet 431]; to theupper surface of yieldable member 43% at its other end is a horizontalportion 429 of kicker 428. Integral with portion 429 is averticallyextending portion 427. Attached to the outer surface of portion 427 is avertical portion 426. Integral with the latter and extending angularlydownwardly therefrom is an inclined portion 425 forming a recess .24 atits junction with portion 426.
As the superimposed sheets L and T advance toward kicker azs the forwardedge of leading sheet L will strike the outer surface of either portion426 or portion 425. If it should strike portion 426, the effect is topush against portion 426 in such a manner as to cause resilientlyyieldable member 43%) to bend upwardly. If the forward edge of sheet Lshould strike portion 425 it is thereby guided upwardly into recess 424where it will again exert a force causing resiliently yieldable member436 to bend upwardly. The effect of the bending of yieldable member 436is to cause kicker 428, which is attached to member 436*, to be moved tothe upper position shown by the dash-dot lines in FIG. 10. As itcontinues to advance, sheet L follows a path shown by the dash-dot linesat L. At the same time, sheet T clears the lowermost edge 425a ofportion 425 and, passing under kicker 428, follows a path indicated bythe dash-dot lines at T.
Referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a kicker 528 rotatably mounted on ashaft 527 and having a convex surface or edge 529 located below the fiatsurface or edge 530. Also mounted on shaft 527 is a collar 526 rigidlyfastened thereto by set screw 526a. Extending downwardly from collar 526and fixed thereto is an arm 525 to which is secured a pin 525a.extending therethrough and having opposite ends projecting laterallyoutwardly from the respective opposite surfaces of arm 525. The innerend of pin 525a is in the path of counterclockwise rotation of kicker528 and serves as a limit thereto. The outer end of pin 525a engages oneend of a coil spring 524. The other end of spring 524 is attached to apin 523 secured to the lower rear portion of kicker 528. Since thecenter of gravity of kicker 528, as pictured in FIG. 11, is to the leftof the axis of shaft 527, kicker 528 tends to rotate in acounterclockwise direction. Kicker 523 is restrained from so rotating byspring 524 which normally maintains it in the initial position shown bythe solid lines. This position can be selectably varied by loosening setscrew 526a and rotating collar 52%? to a desired angular orientation onshaft 527. Such a rotation will produce the same angular displacementfor kicker 523 as for collar 527.
The superimposed sheets L, T are advanced to the right, as viewed inFIG. 11, toward kicker 528 through guides 540, 541. The forward edge ofsheet L strikes the surfaces 529 or 530 of kicker 528 whereupon sheet Lacts in a manner similar to that described above with respect to theembodiment shown in FIG. 1. That is, if sheet L initially strikes uppersurface 530, it is guided downward into notch 530a. If it strikes thelower convex surface first, it is guided upward into notch 53%. As sheetL is projected forward against kicker 528 the sheet pivots kicker 528 onshaft 527 in a counterclockwise direction. Kicker 528 rotates in acounterclockwise direction due to the fact that, as mounted in theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, the line of action of the thrustexerted by sheet L is below the axis of shaft 527. The limit of thisrotation is determined by the position of pin 525a of arm 525, againstthe inner end of which the lower edge 531 of kicker 528 will eventuallyabut if it continues to rotate. This position can also be selectablyvaried by adjusting collar 526.
As kicker 528 rotates counterclockwise, leading sheet L slides alongconvexly curved surface 529, following the path indicated by thedash-dot lines at L. At the same time, trailing sheet T advances into aposition where it will clear the forwardmost edge 530 h of surface 530and contact upper surface 522 of kicker 528. Trailing sheet T will thenride along upper surface 522 as indicated by the dash-dot lines at T.Kicker 528 is held in the position shown by the dash-dot lines for solong as the sheet L remains in contact with edge 529. When sheet L is nolonger in contact with edge 529, spring 524, which has been placed undertension by the counterclockwise rotation of kicker 528, will bias kicker528 back to its normal position shown by the solid lines.
FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate a separating device mtilizing a kicker628 slidably mounted for reciprocal movement. Projecting angularlyupward from a mount- ;ing base 635 is a hollow tube 634- withlongitudinal slots 633, 633a formed in the wall thereof. Slidablymounted :in tube 634 is a portion 629 of kicker 626. Kicker pcrtion 629has a longitudinal slot 636 extending from the upper end thereof to apoint approximately half-Way down its length. As seen in FIG. 14,extending through the bottom of portion 629 and fixed therein is a pin627, the opposite ends of which extend through slots 633, 633a of tube634-. Extending through slot 636 is a pm 626 which is fixedly secured totube 624. To pin 626 is attached the respective upper ends of springs625 and 624. The lower ends of springs 625 and 624 are attached to pin627. Pin 627 is free to move in slots 633, 633a of tube 634, and portion629 is free to slide with respect to fixed pin 626 and tube 636.
As seen in FIG. 12, the head portion 623 of kicker 628 has a sheetcontacting surface composed of two surfaces or edges 622 and 621.Surface 622 is convex and "is angularly inclined to surface 621 to forma recess 620 :at the intersection thereof. Sheets L and T are advanceddownwardly between guides 64% and 641. so that the forward edge of sheetL will strike kicker 623 at a point Within or near recess 620 and willbe guided into the latter in the manner described above with respect toseveral of the other embodiments. The pushing force eX- erted byadvancing sheet L on kicker 628 causes the latter to slide downwardlywithin tube 634. As a result, springs 625 and 624 are tensioned inextended positions shown in FIG. 13.
As a result of the downward sliding movement of kicker 628, whentrailing sheet T advances to contact kicker 628 the sheet clears theuppermost point 619 of kicker head 623 and is guided by edge 618 in apath extending downwardly and to the right as viewed in the drawings.Eventually, trailing sheet T contacts guide .member 643 and follows thepath dictated thereby. Meanwhile, the leading sheet L has been guided bysurface 622, now retracted to the position shown in FIG. 13, so that iteventually contacts guide member 642 and follows a path governed by thelatter. Kicker 628 is held in the retracted position shown in FIG. 13for so long as the sheets remain in contact therewith. Thereafter kickermember 628 is returned to the upper position zhclwn in FIG. 12' by theforce exerted by springs 625 and FEGS. 15 and 16 disclose anotherembodiment wherein the kicker 728 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 727.Kicker 728 is of a configuration similar to those kickers disclosed inFIGS. 8 and 11. In the mounting arrangement shown in FIG. 15, however,the convex surface 726 is below notch 725 and the flat surface 724 isabove notch 725. Near the forwari end of kicker 728 is a large roundopening 723. The center of gravity of kicker 728 is to the left of theaxis of shaft 727 so that kicker 728 normally tends to pivot on shaft727 in a counterclockwise direction.
Kicker 728 is restrained in its counterclockwise rtation by a pin 729which extends through opening 723 and abuts against the bottom edgethereof. As seen in FIG. 16, pin 729 is secured to an arm 722 which inturn is mounted on a collar 721 adjustably secured to shaft 727 by setscrew 720. As the three superimposed sheets advance toward kicker 728the leading edge of middle sheet M, the most advanced of the three, isguided into notch 725 of kicker 728 by surfaces 724, 726. As itcontinues to advance, middle sheet M exerts a thrust against kicker 728,causing it to pivot on shaft 727 in a clockwise direction until it isstopped by a pin 730, which extends through opening 723 and abutsagainst the upper edge of opening 723 as kicker 728 rotates in aclockwise direction. As seen in FIG. 16 pin 736 is secured to an arm 731attached to a collar 732 adjustably secured to shaft 727 by set screw733. By loosening set screw 726 on collar 721 and set screw 733 oncollar 732, and rotating the collars to other angular positions on shaft727, the relative positions of pins 729 and 73fl can be changed so as tovary the degree and the limits of rotation 'of kicker 72f Mounted onshaft 727 is another collar 715, secured thereto by serscrew 716 so asto limit the lateral movement of kicker 728 on shaft 727.
Kicker 728 is stopped in its clockwise pivotal moveinent at the positionshown by the dash-pot lines in FIG. 15. In this position the uppertrailing sheet T clears the uppermost portion of surface 724 and followsa path along the top side 720 of kicker 728. Middle sheet M and lowersheet B, of course, have been kicked downward by the clockwise rotationof kicker 728 so that they follow a path along surface 726. After thesheets have passed beyond kicker 728, the latter is urged by gravityback toward its initial rest position determined by the abutment of pin729 with the lower edge of opening 723.
It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the inventionshown in the drawings and described above are merely illustrative ofseveral of the many forms which the invention may take in practice andare not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention asdefined in the appended claims which are to be interpreted as broadly aspossible in view of the prior art.
I claim: 7
l. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of afirst of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of asecond of said sheets said device comprising a member, means mountingsaid member for free movement to either one of two alternate positions,means on said member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of.the first of said sheets to move said memher from a first of saidpositions to the second position thereof, means on said member forguiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means on said memberresponsive to movement of the latter to said second position to guideanother of said sheets in a second direction difierent from said firstdirection so as to separate said sheets.
2. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of afirst of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of asecond of said sheets said device comprising a member, means pivotallymounting said member for free oscillatory movement between two alternateangular positions, means on said member responsive to engagement by theleading edge of the first of said sheets to pivot said member from afirst of said positions to the second position thereof, means on saidmember for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means onsaid member responsive to movement of the latter to its second positionto guide another of said sheets in a second direction different fromsaid first direction so as to sep" arate said sheets.
3. A device for separating superimposed sheets, said device comprising akicker member, means slidably mounting said kicker member for freereciprocal movement between two alternate positions, means on saidkicker member responsive to engagement by the leading edge of one ofsaid sheets to move said kicker member from a first of said positions tothe second position thereof, means on said kicker member for guidingsaid one sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker memberresponsive to movement of the latter to its second position to guideanother of said sheets in a second direction different from said firstdirection so as to separate said sheets.
4. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of afirst of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of asecond of said sheets said device comprising a kicker member, meansmounting said kicker member for free movement to either one of twoalternate positions, said means comprising a fixed element and a'yieldable element secured to said fixed element, said kicker memberbeing fixed to said yieldable element, means on said kicker memberresponsive to engagement by the leading edge of the first of said sheetsto move said kicker member from a first of said positions to the secondposition thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheetin a first direction, means on said kicker member responsive to movementof the latter to its second position to guide another of said sheets ina second direction different from said first direction so as to separatesaid sheets.
5. A device for separating superimposed sheets, the leading edge of afirst of said sheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of asecond of said sheets said device comprising a kicker member, meansmounting said kicker member for movement to either one of two alternatepositrons and arranged so that said kicker member is gravitybiased byits own weight toward a first of said positions, means on said kickermember responsive to engagement by the leading edge of the first of saidsheets to move said kicker member from said first position to the secondposition thereof, means on said kicker member for guiding said one sheetin a first direction, and means on said kicker member responsive tomovement of the latter to its second position to guide another of saidsheets in a second direction different from said first direction so asto separate said sheets.
6. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising a kickermember, means mounting said kicker member for movement to either one oftwo alternate positions, spring means urging said kicker member toward afirst of said positions, means on said kicker member responsive toengagement by one of said sheets to move said kicker member from saidfirst position to the second position thereof, means on said kickermember for guiding said one sheet in a first direction, and means onsaid kicker member responsive to movement of the latter to its secondposition to guide another of said sheets in a second direction differentfrom said first direction so as to separate said sheets.
7. A device for separating superimposed sheets, said device comprising akicker member, means mounting said kicker member for movement betweentwo alternate positions, said kicker member having means constituting anintegral portion thereof positioned to engage the leading edge of afirst of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and whilethe kicker member is in a first of said positions and for receiving thethrust of said first sheet to cause the kicker member to move from saidfirst position to said second position thereof in response to saidthrust of said first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding saidfirst sheet in a first direction, and means on said kicker memberresponsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position toguide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate saidsheets from each other.
8. A device for separating sheets from each other during movementthereof, said device comprising a kicker member, means mounting saidkicker member for movement between two alternate positions, meansnormally biasing said kicker member toward a first of said positions,said kicker member having recess means for engageably receiving theleading edge of a first of said sheets during advancing movement of thelatter and while the kicker member is in said first position to causethe kicker member to move vfrom saidfirst position to said secondposition thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means onsaid kicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheetinto said recess means, means on said kicker member for guiding saidfirst sheet in a first direction, means on said kicker member responsiveto movement of said kicker member to said second position to guide thesecond sheet in a second direction so as to separate said sheets fromeach other, and means on said kicker member engageable with said firstsheet for maintaining said kicker member in said second position untilthe trailing edge of said first sheet has passed. out of engagement withsaid last-recited means.
9. A device for separating superimposed sheets from each other duringadvancing movement thereof, the leading edge of a first of said sheetsprojecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets saiddevice compr sing a kicker member, means rotatably mounting said kickermember for oscillatory movement between two alternate angular positions,means normally maintaining said kicker member in a first of saidpositions, said kicker member having means for engaging the leading edgeof the first of said sheets during advancing movement of the latter andwhile the kicker member is in said first position to cause the kickermember to pivot from said first position to said second position thereofin response to the thrust exerted by said first sheet on said kickermember, a first guide means on said kicker member for guiding said firstsheet in a first direction, and a second guide means on said kickermember responsive to movement of said kicker member to said secondposition to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as toseparate said sheets from each other.
10. A device for separating superimposed sheets from each other duringadvancing movement thereof, the leading edge of a first of said sheetsprojecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of said sheets saiddevice comprising a kicker member,- means rotatably mounting said kickermember for oscillatory movement between two alternate angular positionsand normally biasing said kicker member to the first of said positions,said kicker member having means for engaging the leading edge of a firstof said sheets during advancing movement of the latter and while thekicker member is in said first position to cause the kicker member topivot from said first position to said second position thereof inresponse to the thrust exerted by said first sheet on said kickermember, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guiding saidfirst sheet in a first direction, a second guide surface on said kickermember responsive to movement of. said kicker member to said secondposition to guide the second sheet in a second direction so as toseparate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker memberengageable with one of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member insaid second position until the trailing edge of said one sheet haspassed out of engagement with said last-recited means.
11. A device for separating superimposed moving sheets, said devicecomprising a kicker member, means mounting said kicker member formovement to either one of two alternate positions, means on said kickermember for engaging one of said sheets to cause said kicker member tomove from a first of said positions to the second position thereof inresponse to the thrust exerted by said one sheet, a first guide surfaceon said kicker member for guiding said one sheet in a first direction,and a second guide surface On said kicker member responsive to movementof the latter to its second position to guide the sec ond sheet in asecond direction different from said first direction so as to separatesaid two sheets, and means normally biasing said kicker member towardsaid first position thereof.
12. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means forsimultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relationwith the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly ofthe leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, meansmounting said kicker member for movement between two alternatepositions, said kicker member having surface means thereon for engagingsaid leading edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of thelatter and while the kicker member is in a first of said positions tocause the kicker member to move from said first position to the secondposition thereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, a firstguide means on said kicker member for guiding said first sheet in afirst direction, and a second guide means on said kicker memberresponsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position toguide the second sheet in a second direction so as to separate saidsheets from each other.
13. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means forsimultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relationwith the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly ofthe. leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, meansmounting said kicker member for movement between two alternate positionsand normally biasing said kicker mem= ber toward a first of saidpositions, said kicker member having a recess for engageable receivingsaid leading'edge of said first sheet during advancing movement of thelatter while the kicker member is in said first position to cause thekicker member to move from said first position to the second positionthereof in response to the thrust of said first sheet, means on saidkicker member for guiding said leading edge of said first sheet intosaid recess, a first guide surface on said kicker member for guidingsaid first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction, and asecond guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement ofsaid kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheetaround said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate saidsheets from each other.
14. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means forsimultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relationwith the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly ofthe leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, meanspivotally mounting said kicker member for oscillatory movement betweentwo alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward afirst of said positions, said kicker member having a recess forengageably receiving said leading edge of said first sheet duringadvancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in saidfirst position to cause the kicker member to pivot from said firstposition to the second position thereof in response to the thrust ofsaid first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leadingedge of said first sheet into said recess, a first guide surface on saidkicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker member ina first direction, and a second guide surface on said kicker memberresponsive to movement of said kicker member to said second position toguide the second sheet around said kicker member in a second directionso as to separate said sheets from each other.
15. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means forsimultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relationwith the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly ofthe lead ing edge of a second of said sheets, "a kicker member, meansslidably mounting said kicker member for reciprocal movement between twoalternate positions and normally biasing said kicker member toward afirst of said positions, said kicker member having a recess forengageably receiving said leading edge of said first sheet duringadvancing movement of the latter and while the kicker member is in saidfirst position to cause the kicker member to move from said firstposition to the second position thereof in response to the thrust ofsaid first sheet, means on said kicker member for guiding said leadingedge of said first sheet into said recess, a first guide surface on saidkicker member for guiding said first sheet around said kicker memberin afirst direction, and a second guide surface on said kicker memberresponsive to movement of said kicker member to said of a first of saidsheets projecting forwardly of the leading edge of a second of saidsheets, a kicker member, means freely mounting said kicker member formovement between two alternate positions and normally biasing saidkicker member toward a first of said positions, said kicker memberhaving a portion thereof positioned to engage said leading edge of saidfirst sheet during advancing movement of the sheets and while the kickermember is in said first position to cause the kicker memher to move fromsaid first position to the second position thereof in response to thethrust of said first sheet, a first guide surface on said kicker memberfor guiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a firstdirection, a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive tomovement of said kicker member to said second position to guide thesecond sheet around said kicker member in a second direction so as toseparate said sheets from each other, and means on said kicker memberengageable with one of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member insaid second position until the trailing edge of said one sheet haspassed out of engagement with said last-recited means.
17. A device for separating sheets, said device comprising means forsimultaneously advancing a plurality of sheets in superimposed relationwith the leading edge of a first of said sheets projecting forwardly ofthe leading edge of a second of said sheets, a kicker member, meansfreely rotatably mounting said kicker member for pivotal movementbetween two alternate positions and normally biasing said kicker membertoward a first of said positions, said kicker member having a portionthereof positioned to engage said leading edge of said first sheetduring advancing movement of the sheets and while the kicker member isin said first position to cause the kicker member to pivot from saidfirst position to the second position thereof in response to the thrustof said first sheet, a first guide surface on said kicker member forguiding said first sheet around said kicker member in a first direction,a second guide surface on said kicker member responsive to movement ofsaid kicker member to said second position to guide the second sheetaround said kicker member in a second direction so as to separate saidsheets from each other, and means on said kicker member engageable withone of said sheets for maintaining said kicker member in said secondposition until the trailing edge of said one sheet has passed out ofengagement with said last-recited means.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,747,384 Olson et a1. Feb. 18, 1930 1,825,217 Tufts et a1. Sept. 29,1931 1,894,547 Tucker Jan. 17, 1933 1,946,143 Hitchcock Feb. 6, 19342,317,655 Van Den Brock Apr. 27, 1943 2,731,263 Baril et al. Jan. 17,1956
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2024-03-22
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1958-09-09
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1962-01-16"
}
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US-52941555-A
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Recording scanner for chromatograms having radio activity
March 27, 1962 E. B. FOWLER ETAL 3,027,458
RECORDING SCANNER FOR CHROMATOGRAMS HAVING RADIO ACTIVITY Filed Aug. 19,1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS ATTORNEY RECORDING SCANNER FORCHROMATOGRAMS HAVING RADIO ACTIVITY Filed Aug. 19, 1955 March 27, 1962E. B. FOWLER ETAL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f5 I I I 4%; ATTORIVFY 3,d27,d58REQORDKNG SQANNLER FOR CHRQIVEATGGRAh/ih HAVNG RADEO ACTEVHTY Eric B.Fowler and Wayne A. Rhiuehart, Amos, Iowa, assignors to town StateCottage Research Foundation, Inc, Ar'njes, Iowa, a corporation of IowaFiled Aug. 19, W55, Ser. No. 529,415 Ciaims. (C 250--83.6)
This invention relates to apparatus for surveying chromatograms havingradio activity associated therewith, and more particularly to automaticrecording scanner apparatus useful in scanning chromatogramized strips,detecting any radio activity associated therewith and recording theactivity as to extent and location.
Chromatographic techniques have been developed in recent years for theseparation of components of heterogeneous mixtures. Separation isaccomplished generally by placing such a mixture on a supporting medium,such as a paper strip, and immersing one end of the medium in amulti-phasic solution so that the solution ascends or descends along themedium. Components of the unknown mixture will travel along the mediumstrip at difierent rates and thus be separated. The components may beidentified later by spraying the strip with an indicator solution. Sincemicro amounts of each component may be detected in this Way, thetechnique is valuable for the identification of products in an enzymaticreaction mixture wherein the concentration of the components isunusually low.
Radio tracer techniques have also been recently developed and applied tothe field of biology. The radio tracer method is now used extensively todemonstrate the up-take or incorporation of many compounds by biologicalsystems. Tracer techniques may also be used to prove or disprove certainhypothesized chemical reac tions. The uptake of C 0 and itsincorporation into amino acids, and hence protein of cellular systems,may be cited as an instance.
The combination of chromatographic and radio tracer techniques places inthe hands of the research worker a valuable tool for the detection ofproducts of reactions and their relationship to know precursors. Bythese two methods, micro amounts of a product can be separated at a highlevel of radioactivity or a high degree of purity, and the incorporationof labeled fractions demonstrated. However, the two techniques have beenlimited in application in that the element used extensively as a tracer(C is difiicult to detect by conventional means because of the lowenergy of its radiations. The flow type detector tubes available whichwere capable of detecting low activity were of such construction thatthe chromatographs had to be cut into small sectionsand the sectionssurveyed individually. Such a process is wasteful of both time andmaterial. Isolated biological systems in general do not incorporate highconcentrations of reactants, and :since the activity associated with anyone zone might appear in several sections, a dependable total countcould not be obtained.
It is, accordingly, an object of this invention to provide :a means forovercoming the limitations set fonh above, and to thereby extend theapplicability of radio-tracer and chromatographic techniques. Anotherobject of the invention is to provide apparatus designed to solve manyof the limitations heretofore present in the art and to provide aresearch Worker with a dependable tool operative to increase theaccuracy of his results, decrease the time required for any onedetermination, and to be of such an automatic nature as to require noattention after its being set in motion, thereby freeing the worker for.other endeavors.
ice
Still another object of the invention is in providing apparatus forscanning and recording indicia provided by chromatograms having radioactivity in which the chromatograms are enclosed in a gas-tight housingwhich is an integral part of the counting chamber, whereby no windows orother barriers to the passage of the low energy radiations of the tracerelement into the counting mixture are present. Yet another object is inthe provision of scanning means for chromatograms comprising a definingslot interposed between the chromatogram strip and the actual countingportion of the tube, whereby the area of the strip being surveyed at anyinstant is determined by the size of the defining slotthe apparatusbeing equipped with means for readily altering the size of the definingslot so that the resolution of the apparatus may be varied.
Another object of the invention is in the provision of a drum rotatableand movable axially within a chamber provided by a casing thereabout,the drum being adapted to carry chromatogram strips wound spirally alongthe cylindrical surface thereof, whereby the strip is progressivelyscanned by a radio activity detector positioned in proximity with thedrum and a strip carried thereon, and preferably separated therefrom bya plate having a resolution slot therein aligned with the detectorelement. Still a further object is in the provision of scanning andrecording apparatus of the character described whereby the movement ofthe chart of the recorder is synchronized with the movement of thechromatogram strip in its scanning relation with the detector element sothat following a scanning operation the recording chart and thechromatogram strip can be placed side by side and the areas of radioactivity accurately located. in such an arrangement the relative amountsof activity in the various areas can be determined by integrating thearea of each locatirig peak on the recorder chart.
Yet a further object is that of providing scanning apparatus asdescribed wherein chromatogram strips are carried on a drum mountedwithin a substantially closed chamber, means'being provided in thesystem for evacuating and flushing the chamber and for filling the samewith a counting gas (.a commercially available counting gas known as Qgas may be used), and the pressure in the chamber accurately maintainedat the same predetermined value. Additional objects and advantages willbecome apparent as the specification develops.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompany drawing,in Which- FIGURE 1 is a front view in elevation of the scanning andrecording apparatus; FIGURE 2 is a side' view in elevation of theapparatus; FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view or the sample boxtaken on the line 3 3 of FIGURE 2; FIGURE 4 is a transverse sectionalview of the sample box taken on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 1; and FEGURE 5'is a top plan view of a resolution plate used in the apparatus, andwhich is seen most clearly in FIGURE 3.
The advance provided by the instant invention may be better appreciatedwhen viewed with the background of the prior art in mind. Prior to thedevelopment of the instant invention, several methods were attempted tocircumvent the limitations set out hereinbefore concerning thechromatographic and radio tracer techniques. One method entailed placingthe chromatogram on sensitive film and obtaining a radio autograph whichlocated the positions of the radio active areas. However, highconcentrations of activity were required for successful use of thistechnique, and the method lacks accuracy when total activity associatedwith an active spot is required. Further, the time required for filmexposure is relatively long, and the results of an experiment are notimmediately available.
A second technique involves the use of replicate chromatogrammed strips.One strip is sectioned, and each section counted or detected separately.If the sections are counted in a flow type counter, low activities arenot a primary problem since in the flow counter the sample is placed inthe tube, and there is no loss of counts due. to window absorption as inthe end window tube. Disadvantages of this technique lie in the factthat a large number of small sections must be surveyed which requirescontinued supervision of the counting mechanism over long periods andthe use of large volumes of counting gas for the flow tube. For example,a 2" by 20" chromatogram strip will yield 160 half inch circular discs.Each disc must be mounted separately which means that the flow tube mustbe opened, samples changed, the tube out-gassed or flushed, and thesample counted. Assuming typical counting rates, each operation wouldrequire about thirty minutes, or a total of about 80 hours per 20 strip.Even so, the worker has only a poor estimate of the total activity atany one position of the strip, and the strip is useless for furtherstudy.
With the technique and apparatus herein being considered, the operationis simple and the results are highly accurate. Several strips may besurveyed or scanned with one loading, and constant supervision of theinstrument is not necessary once selection of the type of survey hasbeen made and the apparatus set in operation. A minimum amount ofcounting gas is needed for the survey since the system is sealed and gasdoes not flow through the tube during operation of the apparatus. surveymay be made in about seven and one-half hours automatically, as comparedto over 400 hours that would be required for a comparable survey in thedisc-flow counter method. In addition, the total activity associatedwith the strip spot is read directly from the recorder chart, and thestrip remains intact for further study. The position of activity isindicated on the recorder chart as well as total activity; lowactivities are detected, and a permanent record of the results isobtained.
In referring to the drawings for a detailed description of theapparatus, reference will first be made to FIGURES 1 and 2 showing thescanning and recording apparatus in its entirety. The apparatus isdesignated generally with the numeral 10, and for portability is carriedon a base or platform 11 equipped with castors 12 and a verticallyextending frame 13 having a top wall 14 and intermediate shelves 15 and16. Carried on the shelf 15 is a rate meter assembly 17 comprised ofelectronic circuits and components and, as is seen in FIGURE 1, isprovided with a front panel 18 having a volt meter 19 and micro ammeter20. Mounted on the shelf 16 is a recorder 21 that may be a Brownrecorder and is equipped with a front panel 22 (FIGURE 1) having acentral window 23 therein that provides visibility for a recording chartadvanced by the apparatus of the recorder.
Mounted on the platform 11, as is shown in FIGURE 2, is a tank 24adapted to contain under pressure a volume of an inert counting gas. Thetank is equipped with a manually operable valve 25 that leads into aconduit 26 that carries the gas into the chamber of a sample box 27 thatwill be described in detail hereinafter. That platform 11 also supportsa motor driven pump 28 that is a high vacuum pump and, if desired, maybe a high vacuum Cenco pump. The pump is connected to a manifold 29 thatopens into a manifold extension 30 equipped with a Sylphon high vacuumshut-off valve 31. The extension 30 communicates with the sample box atfour spaced apart points through branch conduits designated by thenumerals 32a through 32d. The frame 13 also carries a mercury manometer33 having a meter stick 34. The manometer is connected to the manifoldbranch 30 through a valve 35 and is employed to measure the pressure ofthe counting gas within the sample box 27. The sample box 27, referringnow to FIGURES 3 and 4, comprises a generally cylindrical casing36providing a chamber 37 therein and a drum 38 mounted within A double thechamber 37. The casing 36 at one end thereof is equipped with an endclosure wall 39 that may be squareshaped, as seen in FIGURE 2, anddimensionally is larger than the casing 36 so that it provides outwardlyextending flanges that may be employed in mounting the casing on the topwall 14 of the frame. At its opposite end the casing 36 is equipped withan outwardly extending perimetric flange 4t) equipped with a pluralityof spaced apart threaded openings therein that are adapted to receivethreaded screws 41 that may be provided with wing nut heads 42, whichare employed in securing the end wall 43 to the flange 40. As is shownin FIGURE 3, the end wall 53 is provided at a spaced distance inwardlyfrom the edge thereof and along its inner face with an annular channel44 having seated therein a sealing gasket 45. The end walls 39 and 43 incombination with the casing 36 provide a substantially fluid-tightchamber 37.
The drum 3% comprises a cylindrical shell or tube 46 that is hollow andthat is provided with spaced apart wall members 47 and 48, each of whichis equipped with a plurality of central openings 49 therethrough andperipherally located openings 50. The walls 47 and 43 have alignedcentral openings provided with keyways therein and seat upon a shaft 51equipped with a key 52 that is journalled for rotation adjacent the endwall 39 in a bearing 53 secured to the end wall by cap screws 54-, andin a bearing 55 carried exteriorly of the end wall 43 and securedthereto by screws 56.
Referring now to FIGURES l and 3, it is seen that the shaft 51 extendsoutwardly from the end Wall 43 and is connected through a gear reducer57 to a synchronous motor 58. When the motor is energized, rotation ofthe shaft 51 rotates the drum 33 which is locked thereon to preventrelative rotational movement therebetween but is free to move axiallyalong the shaft. By means of appropriate gear ratios in the gear reducer57, the rate of travel of the periphery of drum 38 may be made the sameas the rate of travel of the recording chart on the Brown recorder, sothat the movement of the chart of the recorder is synchronized with themovement of the drum 38 within the chamber 3'7.
The tube or shell 46 of the drum 38 is provided about thecircumferential outer surface thereof with a spiral channel or groove 59which extends from end to end thereof. Adapted to ride in the spiralgroove 59 is a guide pin 60 that extends through a boss 61 with whichthe casing 36 is provided. The boss 61 is threaded at its outer end andthreadedly receives a cap 62 that bears downwardly on a flange 63carried by the guide pin to force the same into tight engagement with aresilient seal member 64, whereby the mounting for the guide pinprovides a substantially fluid-tight seal preventing the escape of gasesfrom the chamber 37. It is clear from FIGURE 4 that the portion of thepin 60 that rides in the groove 59 may be reduced in cross section. Itwill be appreciated that the rotation of the drum 38 will cause the drumto be moved axially or bodily along the shaft 51 because of theengagement between the guide pin and the spiral groove.
As is shown most clearly in FIGURE 3, the casing 36 is provided alongthe wall thereof intermediate its ends with an opening 65 and with ashort tubular conduit 66 that extends outwardly from the casingthereabout. The tube 66 is provided with a laterally extending flange 67that has an annular channel in the upper face thereof that receives agasket 68. Seated upon the flange in covering relation with the gasketor seal member is a short tubular section 69 provided with a seal member70 that has seated thereon a laterally extending flange 71 of an outerclosure member 72 provided with a central opening 73 therein. Elongatedbolts 74 secure the flanges 67 and 71 and the member 69 together.Extending outwardly from the closure member 72 about the opening 73therethrough is a collar member 75 that bears against a seal 76 carriedby the closure member 72 to establish a fluidtight relation therewith.Collar member 75 has provided an internal shoulder at its lower openingonto which a Kovar glass seal 75a may be soldered to provide afluidtight relation thereby.
Secured to the collar 75 is a fitting 77 of a coaxial cable 78 that, asis shown in FIGURE 2, is connected to the rate member assembly 17. Thecenter conduit of the cable 78 is electrically connected to a detectorelement or anode 79 that may be a ten mil tungsten Wire provided at itsend with a glass head 80. The detector 79 is aligned with a resolutionslot 81 provided in a plate 82 that seats on an annular flange section83 provided by the casing 36 about the opening 65. The plate 82, as isshown best in FIGURE 5, is provided with a notch 84 that receivestherein a key 85 provided along the inner wall of the member 66. Theresolution slot 81 has a predetermined area, and it will be appreciatedthat the plate 82 is readily removable and may be replaced with anotherhaving a resolution slot of greater or smaller area depending upon thedegree of resolution that may be desired in a scanning operation.
The detector 79 through the slot 81 is adapted to detect the radioactivity of chromatogram strips 86 that are carried by the drum 38 aboutthe outer surface of the tubular shell 46 thereof. The chromatogramstrips are spirally wound about the shell 46 and may extend from end toend thereof. They may be secured in place by a plurality of Phosphorbronze clips 87. In an embodiment of the invention that has beensuccessfully employed, three strips each 2" in width by 20 long may besecured to the shell 46 in end to end relation to provide a continuouschromatogram extending from end to end of the drum. Preferably, the drum38 is formed of brass.
The member 66 is provided with a flow port 88 communicating with theconduit 26 that connects through the valve 25 to the countings gascontainer 24.
A micro switch 89 is carried by the end wall 43 and is provided with apair of leads 90 and 91 that extend outwardly through the wall 43 andhave, respectively, glass seals 92 and 93 thereabout. The end wall 39carries a micro switch 94 having leads 95 and 96 extending therefromoutwardly through the end wall and through glass seals 97 and 98. All ofthe seal members function to provide a fluid-tight closure about thelead wires for the micro switches, and it has been found that Kovarseals may be employed to bond the glass to the metal end walls.
Referring back to FIGURE 1, it is seen that the front panel 101 of theapparatus is equipped with a plurality of switch members designated withthe numerals 102, 103, 104, 105 and 106. Also, pilot lights 107, 108 and109 are provided. The switches respectively are the pump switch forcontrolling the motor of the pump 28, the master switch for controllingthe power connection to the apparatus generally, a momentary switch, aselector switch, and a relay reset switch.
Operation In use of the apparatus, the end wall 43 is released from itsposition of sealing engagement with the flange 40, and the drum 38 ismoved bodily out of the casing 36. The chromatogram strip 86 ispositioned about the shell 46 of the drum and is secured thereto byclips 87. If a plurality of short strips are placed in end to endrelation about the drum, the end portions thereof may be securedtogether by tape or other appropriate means. The drum is then moved intothe casing and is preferably positioned so that the starting end of thestrip 86 is substantially adjacent the resolution slot 81 in the plate82. The end wall 43 is then secured as is shown in FIG- URE 3.
In removing the drum 38 from the casing or returning it to positiontherein, the guide pin 60 may be withdrawn from engagement with thespiral channel 59, or alternatively may be rotated until the guide pinis released from the channel.
When samples or chromatogram strips are changed, the
counting chamber 37 must be flushed and a fresh supply of counting gasunder pressure admitted thereto. In the system provided, it is notnecessary to flush the chamber 37 several times with counting gas priorto starting the run of a new sample. Such a procedure is undesirable forit involves the use of large quantities of gas which is expensive.Instead, the pump 28 is actuated and the chamber 37 is evacuated sincethe pump is connected thereto through the manifold 29, manifoldextension 30 and branch conduits 32a through 32d. After evacuation, asupply of counting gas is admitted to the chamber 37 through the valve25. Preferably, that volume of gas is then evacuated from the chamberand a fresh quantity of counting gas admitted thereto. Such a flushingprocedure substantially eliminates contaminating gas which wouldinterfere with counting tube operation.
To actuate the apparatus, the various switches are moved to the onposit-ion, and the motor 58 through the shaft 51 rotates the drum 38. Asthe drum rotates, the coaction of the guide pin 60 and spiral channel 59causes the drum to move bodily axially within the chamber 37, or towardthe right as viewed in FIGURE 3. The chromatogram strip 86 then advancesprogressively beneath the resolution slot 81 and is scanned by thedetector element or anode 79 of the scanning tube.
At the same time, the recorder 21 is functioning, and it is operativelycoupled to the rate meter assembly 17 which in turn receives thecounting impulses from the detector 79, and the radio activity of thestrip at the location beneath the resolution slot 81 is recordeddirectly on the chart of the recorder. Thus, both the amount or extentof activity and the precise location thereof on the strip 86 aredirectly recorded. This procedure is valuable, for after a test has beenrun the strip 86 may be removed from the drum and placed beside thechart of the recorder so that the extent and exact location of therecorded activity can be transposed to the strip. The extent of activitymay be determined by integrating the areas under the curves or pips onthe recording graph.
The apparatus may be set up so that when the drum 38 engages the switcharm of the micro switch 94, the apparatus will be de-energized. Thus,one pass or one complete scanning cycle of the strip 86 will have takenplace. On the other hand, if it is desired to provide a double-scanningcycle, the selector switch is so positioned, and upon the drum strikingthe switch arm 100, the motor 58 is reversed and the drum will then moveaxially to the left within the chamber 37 until it engages the arm 99 ofthe micro switch 89 which functions to deenergize the apparatus. By asuitable means, the recorder chart is marked at the end of the forwardscan. In such a scanning cycle, strip 86 will be scanned first in onedirection and then in the other.
The plate 82 is removably mounted within the member 66 which permits aplurality of plates 82 to be interchanged with each other. The variousplates will have resolution slots 81 of different size, whereby thedegree of resolution of the scanning operation may be selected by theoperator. Ordinarily, the narrower the slot 81, the greater will be thedegree of resolution. It is also desirable to reduce the operationalspeed of the apparatus where greater resolution is being provided by asmaller resolution slot 81.
The amount of counting gas consumed in operation of the apparatus ismaintained at a minimum because no gas flows through the countingchamber 37 during the testing or scanning of a strip. The only gasmovement through the chamber comes during the flushing operation priorto the scanning of a new test sample. The operation is substantiallyautomatic, and once the apparatus is set in motion and the mode ofoperation selected, attention from an operator is unnecessary for theapparatus scans and records automatically and terminates its ownoperation upon the completion of a scanning cycle, whether the cycle bea single or double-scanning cycle.
While in the foregoing specification an embodiment of the inventionhasbeen ,set forth in substantial detail for purposes of making a fulland complete disclosure of the invention, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that numerous changes may be made in those detailswithout departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
We' claim:
1. In apparatus for scanning chromatogram strips to detect the radioactivity thereof, a casing providing a counting chamber therein, acounting tube carried by said casing and having a. stationary detectorelement in facing relation with the interior of said counting chamber, adrum having a cylindrical surface for spirally supporting an elongatedand discontinuous chromatogram strip thereon and being mounted withinsaid chamber for rotational and axial movement, and guide meanscooperating with said drum for progressively advancing said drum axiallyas the same is rotated and thereby orienting said spirally woundchromatogram strip, in scanning relation with said stationary detectorelement as said drum is rotated.
2. The apparatus of claim lin which said drum is substantially hollowand is provided with spaced apart partitioned walls each having aplurality of apertures therethrough, and in which a rotatable shaftextending axially through said chamber extends through said walls andprovides a mounting for said drum..
3., In a chromatogram scanning apparatus of the character described, acasing providing a substantially fluid-tight counting chamber therein, arotatable shaft disposed within said chamber and fixed against axialmovement with reference thereto, a. drum carried by said shaft for axialmovement therealong but being constrained on said shaft to preventrelative rotational movement therebetween, said drum having acylindrical outer surface and being provided along said surface with aspiral groove, a stationary guide provided by said casing and adapted toride along 'said groove for progressively and gradually advancing saiddrum axially as the same is rotated, said drum being adapted to supportan elongated spirally-wound and dis continuous chromatogram strip uponsaid cylindrical surface and between the spirals of said groove, acounting tube carried by said casing in open communication with tectorelement and said guide being positioned and arranged so that as saiddrum is axially advanced upon rotation thereof said spirally-Woundchromatogram strip is carried in progressive scanning relation withreference to said detector.
. 4. In an apparatus for scanning chromatogram strips to detect theradioactivity thereof both as to extent and location along said strips,a casing providing a substantially fluid-tight counting chamber, acylindrical drum adapted to carry an elongated discontinuouschromatogram strip in spirally wound fashion along the outer surfacethereof, means for supporting said drum for rotational and axialmovement Within said chamber, a guide element provided by said casingand cooperating with said drum for progressively moving the same alongits rotational axis as said drum is rotated, and a counting tubecommunicating with said chamber and having a stationary detector elementin facing relation with the outer surface of said drum, said detectorand guide elements and said drum being related with respect to eachother so that upon rotational and axial movement of said drum achromatogram spirally wound thereon passes longitudinally in scanningrelation with reference to said detector element, whereby, saidspirally-wound strip is scanned by said detector as said drum is rotatedand axially advanced to detect both the extent and location ofradioactivity therealong.
5. The structure of claim 4 in which said drum is hollow and is providedwith spaced partion Walls each having a plurality of apertures therein.
References Qited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,806,375 'ifieclernan May 19, 1931 2,490,298 Ghiorso et al. Dec. 6,1949 2,751,505 Anderson June 19, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Use of Beta-RayDensitometry in Paper Chromatogra- .phy, from Analytical Chemistry, vol.23, No. 1, January 1951, pages 207 to 208.
Apparatus for Automatically Scanning Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatogramsfor Radioactivity, by W. J. Wingo, from Analytical Chemistry, vol. 26,July-December 1954, pp. 1527, 1528.
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2024-03-22
|
1955-08-19
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1962-03-27"
}
|
US-67695923-A
|
Awning-roller center support
Feb. 1,1927 1,615,830 W J.DERUS AWNING ROLLER CENTER SUPPORT Filed Nov.26, 1923 I it V E74 /7 I /7 orizqy.
Patented Feb. 1, 1927.
JOHN DER/US, OF EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS.
AWNING-ROLLER CENTER SUPPORT.
Application filed November 26, 1923.
This invention relates to awning roller center supports, and, has forits object to provide a device ofthat character which is a distinct andpractical improvement to over come certain practical objections to, andde fects in, the universal types of awning center supports by providingan adjustable upper roller supporting arm to prevent the awning rollerfrom accidentally jumping out of the center support during revolvingmovements thereof, especially when awning gets away from operator,thereby eliminating possible chances of personal injury and propertydamage.
lVit-h the above and other objects in View, which will be apparent fromthe foregoing description, the invention consists in the.
novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of partshereinafter more fully described and finally pointed out in the claimshereto appended.
Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of thisspecification, wherein.
like characters of reference denote similar parts throughout the severalviews:
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of an awning roller center support embodyingthe features of my invention.
Fig. 2, is a front elevation thereof.
Fig. 3, is a vertical sectional view of the device.
Fig. 4-, is a top plan View thereof.
Fig. 5, is an enlarged sectional View, taken on line 55 of Fig. 1.
Referring to the drawings, the reference character 1 represents asupporting member or carrier provided at its side edges with the opposedpairs of upwardly directed arms 2, 8 and 4, whichare suitably spacedapart, as shown in Fig. 1. A. suitable arm 5 is directed upwardly fromthe rear end of the member or carrier 1 and is provided with an opening6. A plurality of suitable wooden rollers 7, 8 and 9 are revolublycarried bythe member 1 through the medium of suitable bolts or pins 10,11 and 12 respec tively, which bolts or pins pass through tubularsleeves 13 carried by the rollers and the ends of which bolts or pinsare receivable in openings 14 of the arms 2, 3 and 4. By this Harrangement, it will be apparent that the rollers 7, 8 and 9 span thesupport or carrier 1 and that they support the roller 15 and the awning16 rolled thereupon, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.
Carried by the arm 5 of the support or Serial No. 676,959.
carrier 1 is a separable arm which coinprises two preferably curved arms17 and 18. Curved arm17 is provided at its rear end with a downwardlydirected extension or arm 19 which isprovided with an open end slot 20,thus providing a bifurcated extension for the arm 18. A suitable .bolt21 is employed which passes through the opening .6 of arm 5 and throughthe slot 20 of arm 19 and is provided with a securing nut for; locking,the two arms 5 and 19. in locked engagement. The bifurcated extension orarm 19 engages the rear face of the carrier arm 5, as shown in .Figs.-1and 3. The upper face of the curved arm 17 isprovided at its sidev edgeswith the upwardly directed flanges 22 to provide a channeled seat 23 andthis 1 arm is further provided near its forward end with a suitableslotted opening 24:.
The second member 18 of the separable and adjustablev upper arm ismounted upon the channeled seat. 28 of arm 17 and is providedlwith aslotted opening 25... A suitrected ears 28. These ears 28 support a.
guide roller .29 therebetween through. the medium of a suitable bolt orpin 30. engageable in atubular sleeve 31 carried by the roller 29 andthe end of the bolt-or pin 39 is engageable in the openings 32 of thecars 28 of arm 18. The guideroller 29 is disposed above and adjacent thesupporting roller 9.
It is apparent from the foregoing description andreference to Figs. 1and 3 ofthe drawings, that the arm 18 mounted upon arm 17 may. beadjusted longitudinally, so as to bring the roller 29 toward or, awayfrom roller 9 so that .any predetermined gap, space or opening maybeprovided between rollers 9 and 29, this gap being determined by the sizeor diameter of thev awning roller 15, the gap being preferably less indistance than the diameter of the awning roller 15, thus preventing anypossible chance of the roller jumping off ofthe rollers 7,8 and 9 andout of the support or carrier,causing personal injury and propertydamage, especially when unrolling the awnings. The flanges 22 of the arm17 prevent any possible chance of the arm 18 being laterally displacedeven though the nut 27 of the bolt 26 should be loosened.
It is of course apparent that the center support is suitably attached tothe wall of the building to the rear of the awning roller.
By providing the metallic tubular sleeves for several wooden rollers, itis evident that the rollers will always revolve upon their bolts orpins, thus preventing the wearing out of the awning material by slidingfriction which wearin out is usuall due to the rollers sticking andrefusing to revolve when winding up the awning or unrolling the samethereby causing the fabric awning material to slide over the rollersinstead of being in free rolling contact therewith.
It is evident that the center support or carrier may be of any desiredsize, but it will be understood that one size carrier or support iscapable of supporting an awning roller of different diameters owing tothe fact that the guide roller 29 may be moved to or from the roller 9by adjusting the arm 18 longitudinally upon the arm 17. The arm 18 maybe entirely removed and separated from arm 17 when desired.
From the foregoing description, it is evident that I provide a centersupport for awning rollers, which is strong, durable and highlyefficient for the purpose intended in that the roller 29 may be adjustedto the desired distance from roller 9 to prevent the awning roller fromleaving the rollers 7, 8 and 9 and jumping off of the carrier rollers,especially when unrolling the awning during which operation it sometimesgets away from the operator and beyond his control and results inpersonal injury or property damage by falling to the ground.
The many advantages of the herein described invention will readilysuggest themselves to those skilled in the art to which it appertains.
I do not wish to be understood as having limited myself to the exactdetails of construction shown and described, but desire to have itunderstood that the invention I have shown in the drawings is merelyillustrative, as it is manifest that various minor changes may be madein the exact form, shape and particular arrangement of parts withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention, hence I reserve the right tomake any such changes, or modifications as may fairly fall within thescope of the appended claims when fairly construed.
What I claim is:
1. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of a lower frame memberhaving a rigid forwardly extending arm, a set of three supportingrollers carried by said arm with the center roller disposed at a lowerelevation than the other two rollers, an upper frame member having arigid forwardly extending arm, means for securing said lower and upperframe members in different adjusted positions, an extensible arm mountedfor sliding adjustment upon the extending arm of the upper frame member,means for rigidly securing the extensible arm in different adjustedpositions and a retaining roller carried at the forward end of theextensible arm.
2. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of a lower frame memberhaving a rigid forwardly extending arm, a set of three supportingrollers carried by said arm with the center roller disposed at a lowerelevation than the other two rollers, an upper frame member composed oftwo members, one of which is slidably adjustable with relation to theother, means for rigidly securing the adjustable member indifferentadjusted positions upon the other member and a retaining rollercarried at the forward end of the slidably adjustable member.
3. In an awning roller support, a frame composed of lower and upperrelatively adjustable members and means for securing them in differentadjusted positions, an extensible member associated with the uppermember in slidablc relation therewith, means for securing the extensiblemember in different rigid adjusted positions upon the upper framemember, said means comprising a slot and bolt connection, a retainingroller carried at the forward end of the extensible member, and a set ofthree supporting rollers carried by the lower frame member, the centerroller being disposed directly below the awning roller with its axisdisposed below the axis of the other two rollers.
4. In an awning roller support, a frame member composed of a lower framemember bearing carried at the ends of said frame member, rollersjournaled in said bearings, an upper frame member, means for securingthe upper and lower frame members in difierent adjusted positions, theupper member having a channel in its upper face and provided with alongitudinal slotted opening, an extensible arm mounted in the channelof the upper frame member and having a slotted opening to register withthe slotted opening in the upper frame member, fastening means passingthrough said slotted openings for rigidly securing the extensible arm indifferent adjusted positions upon the upper frame member and an awningengag= ing roller carried at the forward end of said extensible arm.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name to thespecification.
JOHN DERUS.
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2024-03-22
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1923-11-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1927-02-01"
}
|
US-33124740-A
|
Ash tray
June 2, 1942. K w. A. RosEN'BE'RGER 2285.330
ASHTRAY Filed April 23,- y1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jne 2, 1942. .w. A.RosENBr-:RGER 2,235,350
ASHTRAY Filed April 23. 1946 ,2 Sheets-Sheet 2 rwembo/o WIW/am A.Rosepbezjyer' PatenteiclJune 2, 1942 UNIT-ED, STATES PATENT OFFICE i2,285,360 i I. i y
ASH TRAY William A. Rosenberger, Hagerstown, Md. Applicatipn `April 23,1949, serial 331247' l riclaims. (c1. isi- 240) The present inventionrelatestov ash trays for receiving cigar and `cigarette ashes andV-temporarily supporting cigars and cigarettes while smoking.- Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to a novel ash traystructure for It is a' further object of this invention to pro- `vide anash tray with a support capable of supporting a cigar o r cigarettewithin the confines of an ash tray yet out of contact with the ashes.
safely supporting a lighted cigar or cigarette to.
prevent damage resulting from accidental dislodgement ofv the cigar orcigarette and to sup- Dort them in such a manner that their unlightedends will remain sanitary and clean.
The ash trays now on the market are provided with curved depressions orformations of other suitable character `for receiving and supportingburning cigars or cigarettes. These supportsv engage the cigar orcigarette intermediate its ends and are usually .placed on theperipheralV rim of the ash receiverp As a consequence, a cigar orcigarette balanced on the support overhangs the support at both endsand,` if permitted toy continue` burning, the overhanging time cause thecigar or cigarette to fall upon the table top or cover upon which theash receiver `is placed and burn the table, or table cover, and in someinstances start serious lires. If, on the other hand, the cigar orcigarette is placed with its burning end in the ash tray and theunlighted end against the peripheral wall, the cigar or cigarette mayroll into the ash receiving bowl and be covered with ashes or theportion engaging the smokers lips may contact an area on the peripheralwall where cold or other germs have collected from `the cigars orcigarettes of other smokers. Y e
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to providea safetyash tray adapted to eliminate the sources of disease anddamageprevalent in present commercial ash re ceptacles.
Another important object of this invention is to provide an ash receiverwith a` supporting device which will prevent a cigar or cigarette fromfalling onto the' supporting table or table cover when it is forgottenandallowed'to continue burning.
Itis a further object of this invention to pro-l vide an ash tray with asupport adapted to temporarily supporta cigar or cigarette while it isbeing smoked and positively prevent 'its dislodgement from the ash trayif inadvertently left burning.
It is another object of this invention to provide an ash tray designedto assure retention of a burning cigarette until itV has been completelyconsumed. Y
Y weight of the unlighted end will in the course of Another object ofthe present invention is to provide an ash tray for'supp'ortng a cigaror cigarette in such a manner that the lip engaging portions aremaintained out of contact wit contaminated surfaces.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an ash trayof simple construction capable of preventing damage caused by f orgottencigarettes.
Other objects will appear fromthe appended along lines 2-2 of Figure 1andillustrating the manner of placing the cigarette in the support.Figure 3 is a fragmental sectional View looking into the end of thesupport of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4vis airagmental sectional view, illustrating a modified form ofthe present invention.
Figure 5 is a fragmental plan view of the modcation shown in Figure 4. 1e
Figure 6 isa fragmental sectional View of a ash tray like that ofFigures i and 5 but made in two parts. v
Figure 7 is a plan view of a further modified form of the presentinvention.
, Figure is "asectional View taken on lines 8-8 of Figure 7.
#Figure 9 is a plan view'illustrating a sheetl metal ash tray embodyingtheA form of Figures 'l and 8. f
Figure 10 is an end view of the sheet metal ash tray shown in Figure 9.
' Figure 11 is a sectional 'viewtaken on lines Il-llo'iFigurell.V .L
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a fragment of the cigarettesupporting member of Figures 9,
' 10 and 11.
- Figure 13 isa fragmental sectionalview show` ing a different manner ofattaching'l the member jof Figure 12`to the ashreceptacl ofFigures 9wherein like reference characters are` utilized throughout the severalgures of the drawings to designate the same part, numeral l5 designatesgenerally an ash tray embodying the present invention,
Ash tray I5 preferably consists of a pressed cr die cast metal ashreceiving bowl or receptacle I6 having an upstanding peripheral wall I1.Wall I1 at one or more points along the upper edge is provided withmetal shelves or cigarette supports I8. In this form of the invention,support I9 is of generally circulate form in crosssection and isillustrated as a separate member secured in any suitable manner, such asspot welding, in a notch |9.formed in the upper edge of wall I1. SupportI8 at its outermost end is closed by wall 2| and is provided with anoverhanging rim- 22. The side walls of support I8 are notched at 23toenable a cigarette to be grasped so as to place it in position on thesupvunlighted end in contact with protuberance 33,
the cigarette is in eect suspended between saddle 28a and protuberance33.
Referring to Figure 4, it will be noted that protuberance 33 contactsthe tobacco at the end of the cigarette and that the portion of the endengaging the smokers lips does not Contact any surface which may containashes or germs. As a consequence, the present modication provides asanitary ash tray of extreme hygienic appeal. Furthermore, this hygienicfeature is equally applicable to the support of cigars by suitable al- Yterations of the dimensions of the saddle and the port'and remove it asdesired. The free ends H `of the side walls are bent outwardly at 24 toprovide a flared mouth to guide the cigarette into the support I8 andeliminate any sharp edges which might tear the cigarette.
VWhile the form of invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 is described as ametal ash tray with a separately attached support, it is to beunderstood that any suitable material such as glass, porcelain,plastics, etc., may be used and that supports I8 may be integrallyformed on wall I1.
In use, a `cigarette is placed on support I8 in position A and pushed inthe direction of the it so that it cannot accidentally be dislodged fromthe ash tray and fall upon the table, table cover, floor or rug anddamage them or start a destructive re.
A modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5wherein the same reference characters are used to designate the sameparts. A molded ash tray I5a made from glass, porcelain, syntheticplastic or the like is illustrated. In this modification, the cigaretteis supported by a saddle or support 28a carried by a pair of spaced ribsor Webs 29 formed on the upstanding wall I1. The ribs and saddle arepreferably of such length that the distance C is slightly in excess ofone-half the length of a cigarette solas to prevent tilting of a newcigarette into the ash tray. YSupport 28a is provided with an upwardlyfacing groove 3| designed to receive a portion of the body of thecigarette and prevent it from rolling off the support. Groove 3|, asclearly y shown in Figure 4, is spaced a slight distance above the uppersurface of ribs 29 so that the cigarette rests. on'support 28a with itslighted end overhanging Vthe ash receiver and the unlighted endoverhanging the space or slot 32 between ribs 29. In order to preventthe overhanging weight of the unlighted end of a partially" Y burnedcigarette from rdislodging the cigarette,
protuberance.
In the event that a lighted cigarette is left upon support 23a, it willburn until the lighted end burns past end 34 of saddle 28a. When thisoccurs, the cigarette will drop through slot 32 into the ashreceiving'bowl and burn itself out where no damage can be done.
If desired, the ash tray of Figures 4 and 5 may be made in two parts asshown in Figure 6. In lieu of spaced ribs 29, the Wall I1 of this ashtray |51) is provided with an inwardly extending annular rim 35. Theinner periphery of rim 35, on its underside, is provided with an annularflange 36 designed to receive a ring-shaped element 31 carrying saddles28h. To this end, element 31 is provided with an annular flange 38 whichcooperates with flange 36 to removably support element 31 within theconnes of wall I1. At suitable points around rim 31, short inwardlyextending ribs or webs 39 are provided for supporting saddles 28h.
As clearly shown in Figure 6, the groove 3|, knob 33, rim 31 and ribs 39bear the same relation one to the other, as pointed out in connectionwith Figures 4 and 5. The cigarette, therefore, is supported in asanitary manner. The
, principal advantage of this form of the invention lies in the abilityto remove element 31 and the integral saddles 28h so that the bowl I8may be readily cleaned, particularly at points beneath ribs 39 yandsaddles 28h. In lieu of slots 32, the
5 upper surfaces of rim 35, element 31 and ribs 39 may be curved orslightly inclined so that the burning stub of a cigarette will fall intobowl I6 c when the cigarette burns beyond end 34 of saddle 28h,
A further modication of this invention is shown in Figures 7 and 8. Inthis form of the invention, ash tray I5c comprises an ash receiving bowlor receptacle 4| formed of a molded plastic material or die cast metal.Bowl 4I is provided with an upstanding peripheral Wall 42 having widenotches 43 designed to support a cigar as shown in Figure '1. The upperedge of wall 42 is of insuincient width to support a cigar or cigaretteso that they must be inclined into the ash tray in the event that asmoker inadvertently or through perversity fails to utilize the sanitarysupports provided by this invention. This feature definitely preservesthe iire or burn prevention features of this invention, even though auser fails to avail himself of the sanitary supports provided. In thisconnection, it should be understoodthat a cigar will not continue toburn after it is laid aside but will promptly go out so that when it isplaced in the ash tray as shown in Figure 7 there is no danger of itburning down and falling from the ash tray.
The bottom 44 of bowl 4I is provided with one or more hollow upwardlyextending tapered posts, or saddles 45, the upper surface of which 1sprovided with a groove 46 for receiving a cigarette. In alignment'withgroove 46, and extending outwardly from each end thereof, is anoutwardly tapering' shelf or wing 41. The upper surfaces of shelves 41are in the plane of the bottom of groove 46 andcooperate therewith tosupport a cigarette. i
Wall 42 at suitable points adjacent vits upper end and in alignment withthe longitudinal center line of a cigarette reposing in groove 46 isprovided with conical knobs 33. Knobs 33, as shown in Figures 7 and "8,are provided opposite each end of groove 46 and the distance betweenknobs 33 and the adjacent end of groove 46 slightlyexf ,ceeds thedistance between similar points `of the ash trays of Figures 4 to 6.This difference in spacing is due to the location of posts 45 at vthecenter of bowl 4l and makes it necessary to utilize shelves 41 so as toprevent burning cigarettes from falling into the ash tray until they aretoo short for further smoking.
Vcigar or cigarette The centered relation of posts 45 and the optpositely disposed knobs 33 make it possible to use the cigarette holderfrom either side while obtaining the desired sanitary and supportingfeatures of this invention.
Figures 9 to 13 illustrate the application of the double ended saddlefeature of Figures '7 and 8 to a sheet metal ash tray. In these figures,ash tray l5d is illustrated as rectangular in shape and is formed ofrelatively thin sheet metal by suit- Member 52 comprises a single sheetmetal shown in Figure 13 and a slightly longer member 52.@ prende@ witha downwardly extending flange 54g ris, substituted for Vmember 52.Flange 54a is designed to ,lap the outer face of walls 49 and lit snuglyenough to prevent accidental disassem- :bly y0f the two mais vB Tromconsideration iof Figures lrthrough 13 of the drawings, it will beseenthat the various' forms ofthe invention-require some slight degree'ofv cane on the part of the smoker in order to obtain the desiredsanitary benefits. However, it
shouldalso be noted that the fire or damage preventing features of thisinvention are obtained irrespectiveof the personal carelessness of thesmokerl 'Ioreinove this possible failure to `gain the full benefits ofthis invention, thesaddles 28a, 2312,45 or` 45a may bedrasticallyinclined with respect to a horizontal plane to cause a thedesired rosjiiioa Such a structure is shown in Figure 14 of the drawingswherein an ,ash tray 15e like that of a Figures 7 and 8 is illustrated.In this construction, post or `saddle 45h is higher at its left end thanat the right end and a shelf 41a is provided at the lowermost end toprevent the cigarette fromdropping into the `bowl it has beensubstantially burned out. Furthermore, knobs 33a similar to knobs 33 areformed nearer to the bottom of wall 42 and are inclined so that theirprincipal axis coincides with the center line of a cigarette reposing ingroove 4Gb. While the inclined saddle does not permit the use of thesaddle from either side, oppositely inclined saddles` may be formedadjacent-saddle 45h to obtain this result. i
stampingv providing spaced cigarette saddles a and grooves 46a. Member52 is `also provided with shelves 41a provided by the edges ofupstanding walls 53 formed by suitably creasing and folding the sheet`metal blank along the vertical centerline of grooves 46a during thestamping operation. Member 52 at its opposite ends is provided with anupstanding flange 54. The length of member 52 between flanges 54 is Inusing this form of the invention, the cigar- .ette is placed in groove46h with the unlighted end facing downwardly. If the unlighted end 'isnot placed in contact with knob 33a, the cigarette, due to its ownweight, will slide along groove 45?) until the end contacts knob 33.
In the preceding description, the applicability of this invention tocigarettes has been emphasuch that a tight fit results when it is placedwithin bowl 4Ia with'flanges 54 in engagement with the inner surface ofwalls 49. To further secure member 52 in place, tabs 5I Vare spun aroundthe edge of fiange 54 into tight engagement with the inner faces offlanges 54.
Referring to Figures 9 and 10, it will be seen that shelves 41a and theends of cigarettes resting in grooves 46a overlie longitudinallyextending spaces 55 formed between the side walls of bowl 4Ia and theedges 'of member 52. It will also be clear that notches 48 are inalignment with these spaces. Due to this construction, the cigarette mayreadily be grasped by the smoker in placing it on or removing it fromgrooves 45a.. Furthermore, member 52-is located at a predetermined levelso that the center line of cigarettes reposing in grooves 46a willcoincide with the major axisof knobs 33 to secure the sanitaryadvantages of this invention.
If` desired, member 52 may be designed for ready removal for purposes ofcleaning ash tray 45d. To accomplish thisend, end walls 49 of bowl 41aare formed without tabs 5| as clearly sized since it is well known thata cigarette will continue burning until consumed while a cigar will go.out. The danger of damage from a forgotten cigarette is, accordingly,greater. This invention, however, by appropriate changes in proportionsof the parts-is equally capable of use with cigars and the specificationand claims wherever the word cigarette is used isintended to includecigars l A The invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Thepresent embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects asillustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention beingindicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoingdescription, and all changes which come within the meaning and range ofequivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States LettersPatent is:
1. A safety ash tray comprising an ash receiving bowl, a supportingmember carried by said bowl and engaging a portion of a cigaretteintermediate its ends, said supporting member comprising at least onesaddle disposed within the connnes of said vbowl in spaced relationrto fthe bottom of said bowl and having a substan` tially U-shaped groove forreceiving said cigarette and means comprising a protuberance formed tpautomatically gravitate into on the inside of said bowl and disposedsubstantially coaxially with said member and in substantial alignmentwith the longitudinal center line of a cigarette lying in said groovekforV contactying the unlighted end of said cigarette and cooperatingWith said member to removablysupport said cigarette with said end out ofcontact with the ashes in said bowl and tending to prevent itsaccidental dislodgment.
2. A safety ash tray comprisinga bowl shaped ash receiver, means forsupporting a cigarette inin both of said means are within the coniinesof said bowl whereby the possibility of the cigar- 20 ette beingdislodged from its support and damaging the surface supporting said ashtray or starting a lre is eliminated.
4. An 'ash tray comprising an ash receiving bowl, rnea'ns inclined at asubstantial angle to a horizontal plane for engaging said cigaretteintermediate its ends to retain said cigarette in an inclined positionwith its unlighted end lowermost and permit said cigarette to slidedownwardly along said means and means disposed in alignment with saidrst mentioned means for engaging the unlighted end and arresting itssliding motion, both of said means being within I
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2024-03-22
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1940-04-23
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1942-06-02"
}
|
US-1902100402-A
|
Wrought-metal barrel.
No. 704,365. Patentedluly 8, I902. E. C. PHILLIPS.
WROUGHT METAL BARREL.
(Application filed Max. 28, 1902.)
(No Model.)
UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.
ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF TI-IREE-FOURTHS TOCHARLES R. BARRETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
WROUGHT-METAL BARREL.
SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent N 0. 704,366, dated July 8,1902.
Application filed March 28, 1902. Serial No. 100,402. (No model.)
To wZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and Stateof Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inVVrought- Metal Barrels, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to that type of to wrought-metal barrels andlike'fluid-containing packages in which a series of cylindrical sectionsstamped, drawn, or spun from sheets or blanks of metal into the requiredshape are secured together at their meeting edges I5 to form thecompleted article; and the present improvement has forits objects toprovide a simple and efficient construction of parts wherewith thesections comprising the barrel are connected together in a tight andsubstantial manner and with which an inner lining is secured in place ina manner to prevent access of liquid between the contiguous surfaces ofthe outer barrel-shell and the inner lining to cause a corroding actioneither chemical or electrolytic in its nature of either of suchsurfaces, all as will hereinafter more fully appear and be moreparticularly pointed out in the claims. I attain such objects by theconstruction and arrangementof parts illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in
which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of ,a barrel with parts in sectionand embodying the present invention; Fig. 2, an enlarged fragmentary 3 5section of the same.
Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in both views.
As represented in the drawings, the barrel will comprise in its simplerform two substantially counterpart outer or end sections 1 and 2 and acentral connecting-section 3. All of said sections are formed fromsuitablyshaped sheets or blanks of wrought metal by any of the usualdrawing, stamping, or spinning operations usual to the art, and whileeach section is shown as formed of a single integral piece of metal itis within the scope of the present invention to form the varioussections of a number of pieces of the required size and shape securedtogether in asubstantial manner by welding or other usual means and asthe judgment of the constructor may suggest. The aforesaid series ofsections will have a cylindrical form and will have the usual flaringform, as shown, to afford the usual bilge or belly to the finishedbarrel.
In the present invention the central member 3, of an annular form, asshown, is provided with offsetted primary extensions 4 and 5 at itsopposite ends, which are screwthreaded externally, so as to screw intothe corresp0ndingly-screw-threaded ends of the respective outer sections1 and 2 in the assemblage of the sections togethertoform a completedbarrel.
In addition the central section is provided with secondary extensions 6and 7, the outer surfaces or peripheries of which are tapered, as shown,and are adapted to have engagement with correspondingly-flared portionsof the respective end sections 1 and 2 when the parts are assembled andinsure a tight joint at the points of union of the parts.
When the barrel is to remain unlined, the tapering outer peripheries ofthe secondary extensions 6 and 7 will have direct contact with thecorrespondingly-flared portions of the respective end sections. When,however, the barrel is to be provided with an inoorrodi ble lining, suchcontact will not be a direct one, but will be an indirect one, which ismade by the intervention of the barrel-lining in manner now set forth.
8 and 9 are lining sheets or plates arranged within the respective endsections 1 and 2 and extended to the screw-threaded ends of the same, asshown.
10 is a lining-sheet arranged within the central annular section 3, withthe ends of such lining folded over the secondary extensions 6 and 7 ofthe same, as shown. As so constructed and arranged the parts of thelining 10, which are folded over the extensions 6 and 7, are adapted toconstitute the tapering surfaces of the central section 3 and engage thecorrespondingly-formed surfaces of thelinings 8 and 9 in effecting atight joint between the sections in the operation of assembling theparts together as a completed barrel.
Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure adjacent thereto,lining-sheets arranged within said endsections, a central connectingsection having primary oifsetted andscrewthreaded extensions and secondary tapering extensions, and alining-sheet fitting the interior of the central section and having itsends folded over the secondary extensions thereof, substantially as setforth.
Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 24th day of March, 1902.
ELWOOD C. PHILLIPS.
Witnesses:
ROBERT BURNS, HENRY A. No'rT,
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2024-03-22
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1902-03-28
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-07-08"
}
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US-11516849-A
|
Thermostat
Oct. 7, 1952 c. E. ARMSTRONG 2,613,293
THERMOSTAT Filed Sept. 12, 1949 CHARLES E. ARMSTE o/vG,
INVENTOR.
Patented Oct. 7 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THERMOSTAT Charles E.Armstrong, Portland, Oreg.
Application September 12, 1949, Serial No. 115,168
1 Claim. 1
This invention relates to improvements in temperature sensitiveswitching mechanisms and more particularly to a switch of this characterembodying a Micro switch and a temperature sensitive element in the formof a bi-metallic strip for actuating said switch. One of thecharacteristics of a Micro switch is that the amount of travel requiredto actuate or depress its plunger is extremely small while the requiredpressure of force is relatively high.
Accordingly, it is one of the principal objects of my invention toprovide a switch of this character wherein the thermostatic element isrequired to move only a short distance to apply, through leverage, therelatively high pressure necessary to actuate the plunger.
A further object is the provision of a switching mechanism which is ofsimple, efiicient, durable and inexpensive construction, compact in sizeand operable within close temperature differential.
These and other objects will appear as my invention is more fullyhereinafter described in the following specification, illustrated in theaccompanying drawing and finally pointed out in the appended claim.
In the drawing:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of the invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of Figure 1.
Referring now more particularly to the drawing:
Reference numeral I indicates a base made of any approved type ofinsulating material and flanged as at 2 to accommodate any approved typeof housing upon which may be mounted the usual mercury thermometer.Rotatably mounted upon the base by means of a screw 3 is a knurled wheelor disk 4 inscribed with numerals representing various degrees oftemperature. Secured to the disk or formed integral therewith is a cam5.
At the opposite end of the base I mount a Micro switch 6 by means ofscrews 1 and 8. Wires 9 and In of an electrical circuit are connectedwith the switch and a circuit through the wires is opened or closed by aplunger II which operates the switching mechanism.
Rotatably attached to the base by means of a screw I2 is a collar 13 towhich is secured one end of a temperature sensitive element in the formof a strip of bi-metallic material 14. The end of the bi-metallic stripis partially coiled about the collar I3 and is secured thereto by anysuitable means, such as soldering or the like. The opposite end of thebi-metallic strip is offset as shown and is provided with an adjustingscrew 15 always in contact with the operating surface of the cam 5. Thestrip 14 is offset only for the purpose of rendering It will be notedthat the distance between the the assembly more compact.
screw l5 and the switch plunger 1 I is many times greater than thedistance between the plunger and the screw l2 about which thecorresponding end of the bi-metallic strip pivots. The amount ofleverage established by this arrangement applies ample downward pressureto the plunger by the mere deformation of the bi-metallic strip in itsmovement from the full line to dotted line position, shown in Figure 1,under the influence of a rising temperature. The normal spaced relationbetween the bi-metallic strip and the plunger 1 I may be minutelyadjusted by the screw 15 against the cam 5. The plunger is provided witha spring-return mechanism to urge it upwardly at all times into contactwith the thermostatic element or in adjusted relationship thereto asaforesaid.
While I have shown a particular form of embodiment of my invention, I amaware that many minor changes therein will readily suggest themselves toothers skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as newand desire to protect by Letters Patent is:
A thermostatically actuated switching mechanism comprising incombination, an elongated base, a single length of bimetaltemperaturesensitive controlling element extending substantially fulllength of the base and pivotally attached at one of its ends to one endof the base, a cam rotatably mounted on the opposite end of the base,the opposite end of said bimetal element being in adjustable contactwith the cam, a switch mounted on the base near said one end thereof, aspring-urged plunger extending outwardly from the switch for actuatingthe switching mechanism, said plunger being in contact with said bimetalelement and positioned at a point closer to said pivotal attachment ofthe bimetal element than to the center of said bimetal element wherebysaid plunger will be depressed with maximum pressure upon minimumtemperature rise and released with minimum temperature fall.
CHARLES E. ARMSTRONG.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,756,660 Perry Apr. 29, 19302,111,816 Shaw Mar. 22, 1938 2,171,273 Cunningham Aug. 29, 19392,249,259 Shaw July 15, 1941 2,289,973 Lake July 14, 1942 2,336,408Matthews Dec. '7, 1943
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2024-03-22
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1949-09-12
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-10-07"
}
|
US-18204D-A
|
Ing purposes
JILLSON & WHINHELD.
Bleaching Fibrous Material Patented Sept. 15, 1857.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JULIUS A. JILLSON, OF POUGHKEEPSIE, AND HENRY \VHINFIELD, OF NENV YORK,N. Y.
METHOD OF TREATING FIBROUS OR TEXTILE SUBSTANCES IN A VACUUM FOB CLEANS-ING PURPOSES.
Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,204, dated September 15, 1857.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, JULIUs A. J ILLSON, of the city of Poughkeepsie,county of Dutchess, and State of New York, and HENRY VVHINFIELD, of thecity, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulMethod of Treating Various Materials or Substances in a Permanent Vacuumfor lVashing, Bleaching, and Analogous Purposes; and wedo hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being bad to the annexed drawings, making a part of thisspecification and representing an apparatus adapted for carrying outthis method in which Figure 1 is an elevated perspective view and Fig. 2is an elevated sectional view.
The same letters have reference to the same parts in each view.
The nature of our invention consists in performing the method abovementioned or any other analogous to it either with or without heat in apermanent vacuum. The air being removed the substances or ma terialstreated expand and become readily impregnated with the liquid and easilyimpart their soluble properties either of dirt, gum, &c., to the fluidwith which they are treated and at low temperatures suitable to theirvarious colors and different qualities to be employed, by which meansover heating and the continued wear and tear by rubbing, pounding, andwringing, is prevented, and great saving of time realized.
Using a permanent vacuum in all the chambers of the apparatus we employfor treating the various substances or materials or other analogousoperations, and as through the entire operation the absence of the airallows free passage to any fluid or gas we may employ, the said fluid orgas is rotated continuously in a vacuum by a double or single actingforce pump working in said vacuum without variation or receiving anyassistance of force from said vacuum and at temperatures required by thenature of the colors and of the materials or substances treated, and thepurpose of the operation performed.
To enable others skilled in the art to use our said method we willproceed to exemplify its application.
The apparatus may be constructed of any suitable materials such asbrass, copper, iron galvanized, tin, or wood.
A, is a receiver with an air tight cover B, screwed down air tight bythe set screw C, or in any other suitable way. The said receiver A, isplaced over the furnace or lamp G. In the receiver A, is placed astrainer D, and over it a detached receiver E, with a similar strainerF. The said receiver A, is connected by the pipes N, O, and P, or theirequivalents with the double or single acting force pump I.
T, is a chamber containing a glass cup or jar \V, for holding thebleaching or disinfecting gas or liquid, its cover U, screwed downthereon is connected with the upper part of the force pump 1, by thepipe X, provided with a stop cock Y, and by the pipe P.
(1., a, a, are pipes passing through under and between the receiver A,and the furnace or lamp G, to admit air, when heated air may berequired, for drying, or draining, the contents of said receiver A, orE, or any purpose. These pipes deliver the air into and at the top ofreceiver A, at Z).
c, is a cock to shut off the air when not required.
The strainers D, and F, are made of perforated copper, brass, or wire orwoolen cloth, paper, sponge or equivalent.
One or more receivers similar to A, and with one or more double orsingle acting force pumps and when extensive and large receivers orapparatus are required having one or more pumps for exhausting the airand forming a vacuum may be employed. Also one or more pumps forrotating and forcing the gas or fluid through and through the varioussubstances or materials may be used and can be worked by hand or drivenby any other power.
Having thus constructed an apparatus as described or any otherequivalent thereto as may be required, we place the wearing ap parel,textile, or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, orany other material or substance to be treated in the upper part of thereceiver A, or the inner detached receiver E and the liquid necessaryeither cold or hot in the lower part of said receiver A, under thestrainer D, at a degree of heat that will not injure the materials orsubstances to be treated and closing the cover B, air tight and havingall the stop cocks closed except R, and J, let the force pump 1, be setin motion. The air being drawn out of the apparatus, a vacuum will beattained in all its chambers, a thermometer being fixed to said receiverA, if required, any desired degree of heat can be obtained by the use ofsaid furnace or lamp G, or other equivalents. If then the stop cocks R,and J, be closed and stop cocks Q, and S, opened and the motion of thepump continued the liquid contained in the receiver A, will be drawn outtherefrom in and passing through the pipe N, and valve L, through thesaid pump I, through the pipe P, and valve M, into the top of thereceiver A, it will return through the materials or substances treatedto the lower part of receiver A, and thus be rotated by the said pumpfor any length of time in an equal temperature with great force andvelocity over and over through and through the said materials orsubstances contained in said receiver A, or inner detached receiver E,until in a very short time the dirt or gum is extracted or cleansed fromthe said materials or substances treated. If the stop cock R, Q, and J,be opened and the stop cock S, closed, and the motion of the pumpcontinued, air may be drawn from the lower part of receiver A, andforced into the upper part of said receiver and through and through thematerials or substances treated until the same be thoroughly dried, theaction of the air drawing all the liquid into the bottom of receiver A,when the saturated fluid or refuse may be drawn off by the dischargecock H. The apparatus can then be opened the contents removed andcleansed for another operation.
There may be attached to the apparatus as shown by letter T, a chamberor vessel with pipes connecting it to the receiver A, for the purpose ofgenerating and passing into said receivers A, and E, bleaching ordisinfecting gases or liquids which operation being performed in avacuum forms an essential feature of our method. By closing the stopcocks J, R, and S, the said gases or liquids will be permitted to escapefrom chamber T, by the pipe X, and if then the stop cocks R, Y, and Q,be opened and the pump be set in motion the said bleaching ordisinfecting gases or liquids will be drawn from the chamber T, andforced through and through the materials or substances treated over andover and in a vacuum until in a short time the contents of saidreceivers A or IE, will on account of the absence of the air beperfectly bleached or disinfected. By subsequently closing the stopcocks J, K, Q and S, the said bleaching or disinfecting gases or liquidscan be nearly all forced back into the chamber T, this, owing to theabsence of the air in a comparatively pure state where they may beretained by closing the stop cock Y, until wanted again. The receiver A,can then be opened and contents removed. The said wearing appareltextile or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, orany other materials or substances after they have passed through theprocess or operation of cleansing or bleaching in a vacuum can all berinsed without removal from the receiver A, in a vacuum by our method asbefore detailed.
It is evident that this method is applicable to various other purposessuch as extracting, filtering and draining and which may be performed ina vacuum.
The permanent vacuum forms the essential feature in our method asheretofore described and in consequence of the use of a vacuum incombination with a force pump dispensing with the use of sand and thetedious and uncertain process of maceration and percolation until in ashort operation as before detailed a perfectly saturated solution with asmall quantity of fluid is obtained in fact the whole strength of theprinciple is extracted from the woods, roots, leaves, grain, seeds, orother materials or substances either medicinal or otherwise that may beused and with the saving of great expense in evaporating largequantities of liquid in the vacuum pan.
It is also evident that machines or apparatus may be constructeddifferent from the one here described and differently arranged keepingthe main feature of our method and objects in view as heretoforedescribed and illustrated.
Having now described and fully set forth our invention and illustratedour way of carrying it out, what we claim as new and desire to havesecured to us by Letters Patent is The process of treating fibrous andtextile substances in a permanent Vacuum for eX- tracting coloring,grease or other foreign matters substantially as set forth.
J. A. JILLSON. HENRY TVHINFIELD.
Witnesses JOHN VVINSLOW", SILAS E. HAIGI-IT.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1857-09-15"
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|
US-1909516490-A
|
Electric-light fixture.
J. S. GUMING.
ELECTRIC LIGHT FIXTURE.
I urmoumx FILED snrzm, 1909.
986,550. A I Patented Mar.14, 1911.
fiftieselizfiz j dam 11y.
UNITED STATES PATENT ()FETCLI.
JAMES S. CUMING, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSQURI.
ELECTRIC-LIGHT FIXTURE.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JAMES S. GUMIXG, a citizen of the United States, andresident of St. Louis, Missouri, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric- Light Fixtures, of which the following is aspecification containing a full, clear, and exactdescription, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.
This invention relates to adapters for electric lamp fixtures, theobject of my invention being to provide an adapter especially designedfor use in connection with tung sten lamps in which, by reason of theextreme delicacy of the filament, it is essential that the lamps be hungin a substantially vertical position.
A further object of my invention is to provide an adapter especiallydesigned for use in connection with electric fixtures having stemsprojecting at an angle relative to the horizontal to provide for thehanging of a socket containing a tungsten lamp in a vertical positionfrom the stem.
A further object of my invention is to provide an adapter for electriclamps in which vibrations imparted to the fixture will I be taken up andabsorbed in the adapter and not imparted to the lamp or the filamentwithin the lamp.
For the above purposes my invention consists in certain novel featuresof construction and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter morefully set forth, pointed out in my claims and illustrated in theaccompanying drawing, in which:
Figure l is an elevation of an electrolier showing stems for holding thelamps and shades therefor at an angle relative to the vertical, the stemon the left hand side being provided. with one of my improved adapterswhich will suspend a lamp from the stem and maintain it in a verticalposition; Fig. 2 is an elevation of a complete adapter detached; Fig. 3is a vertical sectional elevation through the entire adapter showingsections of insulated wires inserted therethrough and a portion of alamp socket in dotted. lines; and, Fig. 4; is a sectional plan taken onthe line 4l lof Fig. 2..
Referring by numerals to the accompanying drawing: 1 designates the bodyportion of an electrolier.
2 designates the stems projecting from the body portion of theelectrolier. As shown,
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed September 7, 1999.
Patented Mar. 14, 1911.
Serial No. 516,490.
the stems 2, at their outer ends, occupy positions at an angle relativeto the vertical.
The lamp at the right hand side of Fig. l is of ordinary constructionand shows a socket 3 which is threaded to the end of the stem 2 and heldin a position at an angle relative to the vertical, This shows theordinary electric fixture having the stem in a slanting position, thesocket and lamp being connected rigidly to the fixture.
Threaded to the end of the left hand stem 2 is my improved adapterarranged to suspend a lamp and permit it to hang by gravity in avertical position.
h [y adapter comprises an upper tubular section at being internallythreaded at 5 and carrying a pin 6 having reduced end portions 7.Embracing the reduced ends 7 of the pin 6 are a pair of links 8 whichare secured to the pin 6 by riveting or upsetting the reduced ends 7.
Suspended from the links 8 is a pin 9 having reduced ends 10, similar-tothe pin 6 and suspended from the pin 9 is a lower tubular section 11having a reduced threaded extension 12 to which the lamp socket 3 isthreaded.
It is to be noted that the pins each are of a length between shouldersgreater than the diameter of the tubular sections 4t and 9, whichconstruction permits play of the tubular sections relative to the pinsand in this manner lateral vibrations of the electrolier are compensatedfor and not imparted to the lamp socket and its filament.
By reason of the pivotal connection by the links 8 between the tubularsections longitudinal vibrations of the electrolier are compensated forand not imparted to the socket and filament within the lamp.
I claim:
1. An adapter for electric illuminating fixtures, comprising a memberfor attach' ment to the fixture, a member for attachmentto the lampsocket and means for loosely, pivotally, connecting the two memberswhich means are free to move lengthwise of their bearings for limiteddistances whereby vibrations imparted to one of the members will beabsorbed and not imparted to the second member.
2. An adapter for electric illuminating fixtures, comprising a tubularmember internally threaded for attachment to the electrio fixtures, pinsupported in the tubular member, a second tubular member externallythreaded for attachmentto a lamp socket, l and a pin carried by thesecond member and links piyotally connecting the pins.
3. An adapter for electric illuminatingi fixtures, comprising a tubularmember, ar-
tubular member, the length 01 which is greater than the diameter of thetubular member and links pivotally connecting the pins.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, inpresence of two subscribing witnesses.
JAMES S. CUMING. lVitnesses H. G. FLETCHER, E. L. \VALLACE.
ranged for attachment with the electric fiX- ture, a pin carried by thetubular member, the length of which is greater than the diameter of thetubular member, a second tubular member arranged for attachment to alamp socket, a pin carried by the second Copies of this patent may beobtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,Washington, D. 0.
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2024-03-22
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1909-09-07
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-03-14"
}
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US-47725830-A
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Apparatus for handling sheets and the like
Jan. 16, 1934. wlNKLER r AL 1,943,500
APPARATUS FOR HANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 23 1950 2Sheets-Sheet l for/19f Jan. 16, 1934. v wm ET AL 1,943,500
APPARATUS FOR HANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 25; 1930 2Sheets-Sheet 2 11 yea fors fl red Wink l6! and Max JJLZ/z/zebzerPatented Jan. 16, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FORHANDLING SHEETS AND THE LIKE Alfred Winkler and Max 'Dunnebier, Neuwied,
, Germany Application August 23, 1930, Serial No. 477,258, and inGermany October 2, 1929 8 Claims. (Cl. 9393) This invention relates toapparatus for hanor counting wheel connected with a cam, in part dlingsingle or folded or multiple folded sheets side view and in plan viewand also shows the or the like, and for counting and assembling meansfor changing the cam; Fig. shows infront and stacking such sheets. viewthe device which serves for assembling the In printing, inserting,assembling and similar difierent stack parts to the main stack or pile.60 machines the work delivered by themachine must For the sake ofgreater cleamess, a number of be taken from the machine and counted byhand gears, sprocket wheels and the like are indicated at shortintervals, so that the operator has to only by dotted lines in thedrawings and some give his whole time to this task alone; or the workparts which are not essential for an understandis collected upon aconveying belt and even in ing of the invention are omitted altogether.
that case the sheets or groups of sheets must be In Fig. 1 the deliverydevice of a printing, foldcounted individually by hand. ing or othermachine for newspaper or other work One object of the present inventionis to prois shown, this device serving to convey the sheets videapparatus whereby the sheets from one of or pieces from the machine tothe improved anthe above types of machines are accumulated unparatus andconsisting of a circular table or disc til acertain number are groupedtogether after I mounted on a vertical axle and having g p which theyare automatically moved as a whole 2 otat with the d s These pp are $0and are assembled in a main stack or pile. A controlled by cam meansconcealed under the further object is the provision of means whereby h 3t t he pe 2 a the r ght-hand s d 20 the number of sheets or the likeaccumulated or in the drawings is lifted oil the disc 1 in order groupedtogether may be varied, and after ast p t t i t du ti of e piece mi fr msembly in the main stack the groups form inthe machine. After the piecehas been received dividual stack portions that are easily distingushupothe d 1 the pp 2 des so that able from each other bytheir difierentpositions, the p e moves with the further rotation of the 25 so that themain stack may be built up to a condisc. At the pr p r tim th ripp 2 iss a a siderable extent before removal of the sheets or a d ea theliiecethat it 0911 be received the like therefrom, and the individual stackporby fipp mtus. tions thus indicate the number of sheets or the In thisapparatus a Shaft 5 i5 Op d m t like assembled in the stack, saidmachine in properly timed relation thereto,
3 still further abject, f't invention i the and so that it makes onerevolution for each sheet provision of a cam with a feed gear wheelwhich or other D 80 received by the apparat By is operated by a pawlswinging in timed relation means of the bevel 8 pairs 7 and 8, 9, t tothe machine and which can engage the feed shaft 5 drives the shaft 4 ofthe machine and on gear wheel only when a, sheet lea e the ma hine, thisshaft 4 distributing discs 10 are carried. En-
35 while in the absence of a sheet, engagement of gagin h d 0 is a n l r11 fr y on the feed gear wheel is prevented, and consequentmounted in alever 1 2 carried by a shaft 14 D- ly the number of the teeth engaged bythe pawl ported by a frame 13, so that the rollers 11 may be alwayscoincides accurately with the number of swung towards or from the discs10. The raising sheets leaving the machine and after forming a andlowering of the counter-rollers 10 is effected 40 Stack p t w t aDmdeberminad number 0f. in properly timed relation to the operation ofthe sheets: an equal number of teeth has been machine, so that each timea sheet, newspaper or engaged on the feed gear wheel. other piece is fedby the delivery device 1--3, into i other objects m e the the spacebetween the discs 10 and the counterventlon consists in the novelconstruction and arrollers 11, the said counteb'muers descend upon 45range'ment hereinafter described ilustrated inthe the piece which isthen fed between the discs 10 loo z g g fiz gg gggg gigfig z g g gg gand the rollers 11. For raising and lowering the that various changes inthe structural details may rollers 11 cam 15 is mougted shaft and bemade without departing from the spirit of the and 1 and invention orSacrificing any of the advantages shaft 14 effects a partial rotation ofthis shaft there f 14 and thus raises the counter-rollers 11. An ad- 1 tdrawings; ditional lever 1g is secured on the shaft 14 and Fig. 1 is avertical cross section through part engages a r0d'19 h h is acted upo bya comr the apparatus; Fig; 2' is a side view of the press sp s n sed ina housing 20. thus apparatus; Fig. 3 shows details of the feed gear p nt yh dl s h 1 0! the nnecting rod 16 against the cam 15 and serving tolower the rollers 11 at the proper time.
The piece discharged between the discs 10 and its counter-rollers 11, asa result of the velocity imparted to it, first hits the stationary stops21 and then falls down flat upon the assembling plate 22 or upon thepiece previously received. The assembling plate22 also has stationarystops 23, while oscillating or floating stops 24 and 25 are mounted onshafts 26, 27 and are adapted to ensure uniform stacking of the pieces.The stops 24 receive their movement from a cam 28 on the shaft 4, bymeans of a roller on a lever 29 which is secured on the shaft 26carrying the stops 24. The shaft 26 also carries an additional lever 30which is acted on by a tension spring 30' by which the roller of thelever 29 is kept in contact with the cam 28. The movement of the stops24 is indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The stops 25 carried on theshaft 27 are moved by means of the shaft 26 through a roller on a lever31 carried on the shaft 26 and which roller engages a fork-shaped lever32 secured on the shaft 27 so that the movement of the shaft 26 istransmitted to the shaft 27.
For counting the pieces received from the machine and reaching thedistributing plate 22, the following means are provided.
On the shaft 4, which, as already mentioned, runs in proper timedrelation to the machine, an additional cam 33 is secured and by means ofthis cam a double armed lever 35 is caused to swing freely upon a shaft34. One arm 36 of this lever carries a roller 36' engaging the cam 33and the other arm 37 carries a pawl 38, while a tension spring 44 actingon the arm 37 keeps the roller 36 in contact with the cam 33. By meansof the pawl 38 a toothed gear wheel 39 is turned to the extent of onetooth each time, the cam 33 being so arranged-that the movement of thelever 35 takes place within the period during which a piece wouldnormally be located between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11.In order to ensure that gear wheel 39 is moved by one tooth only withthe actual discharge of a piece from the discs 10 and theircounter-rollers 11, a feeler 41 is carried by a rocking shaft 40, and isbalanced by a counter-weight 42, so that it swings upwardly above theperiphery of the discs 10, so long as there is no newspaper or otherpiece between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers 11. In the upperposition of the feeler 41, a tail piece 43 secured to said shaft 40projects into the path of a swinging arm 38 connected with the pawl 38so that during the next movement of the angle lever 35, the pawl 38 isdisengaged from the feed gear wheel 39, and the pawl 38 is thusprevented from imparting feed movement to the wheel 39. If, on the otherhand, a piece is passing between the discs 10 and their counter-rollers11, the feeler' 41 is depressed by the piece itself, so that the tailpiece 43 swings out into the dotted line position,
and the arm 38' of the pawl 38 is not engaged by the tail piece 43, andthe pawl 38 therefore engages with the teeth of the feed gear wheel 39,so that the latter is turned by one tooth. A counter-pawl 38" insuresthe proper positioning of the feed gear wheel 39 after each feedmovement. From the foregoing it will be" understood that each feedmovement of the wheel 39 corresponds to the delivery of a sheet or otherpiece to the 95+ sembling plate 22.
When a predetermined number of pieces have been accumulated each time onthe assembling plate 22, this accumulation is removed as a whole fromthe said plate. For this purpose the assembly plate 22 with thestationary stops 23 secured thereon is adapted to shift horizontally ina direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piecesbetween the discs 10 and rollers l1. Brackets 45 on the plate 22 aremounted on a cross-bar 46 which is carried between slide pieces 47adapted to move in slide guides 48. In Fig. 2 the right hand position ofthe plate 22 is shown by dotted lines. This displacement of the plate 22is effected by a lever pair 49 having forked ends embracing thecross-bar '46, which latter are attached to a rocking shaft 50, operatedin the following manner. The shaft 5 operated in proper timed relationto the apparatus carries a crank 51 which-by means of a connecting rod52continuously imparts swing movement to a lever 54 loose on the rockingshaft 50. On the said shaft 50 is secured a segment 56 which has a notchor gap on its circumference. When a pawl 53carried by the lever54-engages the said notch, the segment 56 and the axle 50 receive thepartial right-hand turn necessary for the displacement of the plate 22,while the return of the distributing plate 22 into the piecereceivingposition is effected by an extension 57 which is provided on the pawl 53and extends over the segment 56.
For timing the displacement of the distributing plate 22 so that it iseffected only after a definite number of pieces have accumulatedthereon, the following means are provided.
A cam or rim 58 is provided on the feed gear wheel 39 and has the formof an annular ledge projecting laterally from the said wheel. In this 59can be closed by insert-pieces 60 fastened therein by means of screws61, so as to divide the teeth of the wheel 39 into groups each having anumber of teeth corresponding to the number of sheets to be accumulatedon the plate 22. If for example-15 pieces are to be accumulated eachtime on the distributing plate 22 and removed from. it together, fourindentations 59 must be left open thus subdividing the feed gear wheel39 into four times fifteen teeth. On the surface of the cam 58 runs aroller 64 which is mounted on the lever 63 which is fixed on a shaft 62and is affected by a spring 65 which is connected to a lever 66 alsofixed on the shaft 62 so that the roller 64 is kept in engagement withthe cam. When fifteen teeth of the wheel 39 have been fed each time, theroller 64 enters one of the indentations 59, and the lever 66 thenassumes the position shown in the drawings in dotted lines. This lever66 is connected by a tie rod 67 with a segment 68 loosely mounted on theaxle 50, which segment is thus swung into the dotted line position. Thesegment 68 is arranged close alongside of the said feed segment 56carrying the notch 55 these segments 56 and 68 have the same radius. Thepawl 53 is of such a width that it bears on the circumference ofboth'segments and the arrangement is such that the segment 68 laterallycovers up the notch 55 of the feed segment 58 in the full line positionFig. 2, while it exposes this notch whenturned into the dotted lineposition. So long as the roller 64 of the lever 63,
bears on the raised surface of the cam 58 therefore, the permanentlyswinging pawl 53 cannot d enter the notch 55 of the feed segment 56; athis engagement is possible only when the roller 64 has entered one ofthe indentations 59 and the segment 68 has been swung out into thedotted line position. This position is retained during one revolution ofthe shaft 5 and during this period the pawl 53 swings the feed segment56 and thereby displaces theassembling plate 22 for removing the sheetsaccumulated thereon and also efl'ects the return of the assembling plate22 into the sheet or piece receiving position. At the beginning -ofthenext revolution and assuming that the next piece is being properlyconveyed to the assembling plate 22, the roller 64 leaves theindentation 59 and the segment 68 has returned to the position shown sothat the pawl 53 during its continued oscillations again slides withouteffect over the circumference of the segment 68 until the roller 64enters the next indentation of the cam 58.
The accumulated pieces moved in the above mannerare received in thefirst place by a drum 69 which has a rubber cover on its circumferenceand by the roller 70 likewise provided witha rubber cover. The drum 69runs loosely on the shaft 5 and turns in the opposite direction to saidshaft. This drum 69 is driven by a gear 71, solidly connected with itthrough the medium of intermediate wheels '72 and 73 from the gear 74secured on the shaft 5. The roller 70 is driven by means of a gear 75 onits shaft, through the medium of an intermediate wheel 76 from the saidgear 71 connected with the drum 69.
The drum 69 and the roller 70 convey on to a table 76 the accumulated,pieces received by them from the plate 22. The table 76 is attached to9. depending stem 78 vertically displaceable in a frame 77 and isadapted to add these accumulated sheets s (Fig. 4) to the main stack Swhich latter rests on two supporting plates 79 and 79 which can be swunginwardly and outwardly. Each tkme that a group of pieces s is fed to itthe table 7 must execute vertical up-and-down movements in proper timedrelation to the operation of the other parts of the apparatus and thesemovements are efi'ected in the following manner.
The said shaft 50 has secured thereon a lever 80 carrying a pin 81 atits free end. Beneath the shaft 50 there is mounted a rocking shaft82from which a lever 83 extends upwardly. This lever 83 carries a smalldouble-arm pawl lever 85 adapted to rotate on a bolt 84andbearing,underthe action I of a torsion spring 86, with its lower armagainst a stop pin 87 on the lever 83, while the end of its upper armprojects into the path of the pin 81 on the lever 80'. On the shaft 82is attached a second lever 88 which is connected to a tension spring 89which pulls it against a stop pine 90.
When the assemblingplate 22, after having delivered a group of pieces tothe drum 69 and roller 70, moves back again into the piece receivingposition and t'ie lever 80 passes from the dotted-line into the vull-line position, the pin 81 engages the upper end of the lever 85 andswings the lever 83 towards the right (Fig. 2) until the said pindisengages said lever, whereupon the spring 89 again brings the lowerlever 88 into engagement with the pin 90. This swinging of the lever 88is transmitted, through a tie rod 91 to a tripper 92v of aone-revolution coupling 93 of any suitable or well known type, thuscausing the shaft 94, after its release, to execute one revolution andto then come to rest again. The shaft 94 is driven in this connectionthrough the medium of the gear 93' on the one revolution coupling and ofthe intermediate wheels 95- and 96, by the gear 97 on the shaft 5; theexample drawn being in the ratio of 1 to 8, so that eight revolutions ofthe machine cause one revolution of the shaft 94. A toothed segment' 101is mounted to turn about and swinging movement is imparted thereto by acrank 98 on the shaft 94, through the medium of a connecting rod 99connected with it. This segment 101 is in mesh with a gear 103 on ashaft 102, which in the drawings (Fig. 2 coincides with a' second gearon the same shaft. The latter engages the stem 78 of the table 76 whichstem is made as a round rack throughout a part of its length, so thatthe swinging movement of the tooth segment 101 causes the stem 78 andthe table 76 borne by it to move upwardly and downwardly.
The adding of the accumulated pieces s to the main stack S during theupward movement of the table 76 is efiected in the following manner.
. The main stack is carried by the said supporting plates '79 and 79'which'are attached to arms 104 and 104' reaching under the longitudinaledges of the pieces. The arms 104 and 104 are mounted to swing on shafts105 and 105 in the frame 77. When the table 76 is raised so far that thepiece lying uppermost on top of it has arrived in a position close underthe supporting plates 79 and 79, the arms 104 and 104 carrying thelatter are automatically swung out, so that the "main stack S is placedon top of the pieces s carried by the table 76; and during the furtherupward movement of the table, the main stack S then participates in thismovement together with the newly 'added pieces s. After the table hasreached its highest position, the arms 104 and 104' with the supportingplates 79 and 79 again swing in under what is now the main stack,
whereupon the table 76 again moves downward.
The supporting plates 79 and 79' carry recesses 106 (Fig. 2) whichproject from their free longitudinal edge as far as the first bendvisible in the drawings, and the parts remaining between these recessesreach, when the arms again swing inwardly, into corresponding recessesprovided in the table 76, so that the supporting plates 79 and 79' canswing in unhindered in the highest position of the table 76.
For the swinging of the arms 104 and 104', which must always take placeduring the upward movement of the table 76, two shafts 107 and 168 aremounted on the frame 77. The shaft 107 is driven, through the medium ofa sprocket wheel 109, a chain 111 and a sprocket on the shaft 94, fromthis shaft 94. A bevel gear 112 on the 'shaft 107 drives a bevel gear112 of equal sizeon the shaft 108 which moreover carries an adjustablecam 113. The ratio is so chosen that one revolution of the shaft 94results in one revolution of the shaft 108. On the shaft 105' of the arm104' is secured an angle lever 114 which on one of its two arms carriesa roller 115 which is held against the surface of the cam 113 by atension spring 116 connected to the other arm or said lever. On theshaft 105 of the arm 104,-is seemed an angle lever 117 one of whose arms5 has a slot at its freeend for engagement by an extension of a bolt118, by means of which the said roller 115 is carried on the lever 114.I The other arm-of this angle lever 117 is connected to a. tensionspring lllf. The roller 115'therefore acts on both arms 104 and 104which are swung inwardly with the supporting plates 79 and 79' beneaththe main stack, as long as the roller bears on the low portion of thecam 113, so that the inward swinging of the arms-where no resistance ofany kind has to be overcome-is effected under the action of the twotension springs 116, while the outward swinging is positively effectedby the action of the cam 113 when the roller 115 passes from the low tothe high portion of said cam where it is necessary to overcome thepressure of the main stack resting upon the plates 79, 79.
The inward swinging of the arms 104 and 104' always takes place when thetable 76 is at the highest position, while the outward swinging, on theother hand, is variable and is governed by the height of the group ofpieces s resting on the table 76 at any one time. This must take place,with any height of the pieces s whenever its uppermost piece, during theupward movement of the table, has reached a point close under thesupporting plates 79 and 79. For that reason the cam 113 is made in twoparts, of-which the part 113 controlling the passage from the high tothe low portion and therefore effecting, together with the tensionsprings 116, the inward swinging of the arms 104 and 104', is solidly orpermanently secured to the shaft while the other part 113" whichcontrols the passage from the low to the high portion, for the outwardswinging of the arms 104 and 104, is free to turn on the shaft 108, oron the hub of the, part 113' and can be secured by a screw 119 to suitthe height of the group of sheets s being handled at any one time.
Means are also provided whereby each group of sheets 3 added to thestack may be turned to a position opposite to that of the precedinggroup 8. This is advantageous with folded newspapers and the like, ifonly for the reason that these are thicker at the side having the crossfolds than at their other sides. The arrangement according to thisinvention is such that each time a group of sheets s is to be added tothe main stack the group s is received upon the table 76, and eachalternate group is turned through 180 degrees in the plane of the sheetsso that the cross folds in the groups alternately lie on opposite sidesof the main stack S. To effect this turning movement the stem 78 securedto the table 76 extends through a sleeve 120 mounted on the frame 77 andhaving a helical cam surface 122 extending through 180 degrees andadapted to engage a pin or roller 123 projecting from the side of thestem 78, the cam surface 122 being formed so as to cause the stem 78 toturn through 180 degrees during its upward movement, but to allow ashort vertical movement-without rotationat the beginning and at the endof the upward movement of the stem.- The pin or roller 123 traverses thecam surface 122 and effects the turning of the stem 78 when the sleeve120 is in the proper position. In the position shown in Fig. 2, the nextupward movement of the stem 78 would take place with a simultaneousturning through 180 degrees, since the pin 123 on the stem 78 bears onthe lower end of the cam 122. A suitable gap is formed in the sleeve 120so that the stem 78 is not rotated during its subsequent downwardmovement. After the next upward movement of the table 76 the sleeve 120is turned through 180 degrees, in the same direction as that ,of thetable, the said sleeve 120 being turned through 180 degrees after everysecond upward movement of the table 76 by means of the followingmechanism. The shaft 94 makes one revolution for each upward anddownward movement of the table 76 and has a gear 124 in mesh with a gear125 of equal size on the shaft 126. The gear 124 has teeth only on sucha part of its circumference that its full revolution only results inexactly one half revolution of the gear 125 and of the shaft 126, whichlatter carries the roller wheel 127 of a Maltese gear, and one fullrevolution of the wheel 127 imparts to the Maltese cross 129 on theshaft 128 movement through 90 degrees. On the shaft 128 of the Maltesecross 129 there is provided a gear 130 and this is twice as large as agear 132 which meshes therewith and is secured on a shaft 131. Onequarter of a turn of the Maltese cross 129 therefore results, each time,in half a revolution of the shaft 131, whichlatter carries a spiral gear133 which drives a similar gear 121 secured on the said sleeve 120.
Considering the above mechanism in the position shown at Fig. 2 it willbe understood that during the next complete revolution of the shaft 94the table 76 is caused to rise with a simultaneous turn through degrees,the shaft 126 and the roller wheel 127 turn through half a revolution ina clockwise direction, during which the roller 12,7 reaches thediametrically opposite position shown by dotted lines without impartingmovement to the Maltese cross 129. After the completion of therevolution of the shaft 94, the
pin 123 of the stem 78, is located at the right hand side, since thetable 76 during its upward movement has turned through 180 degrees. Thepin 123 therefore no longer bears on the lower extremity of the camsurface 122, so that during the next revolution of the shaft 94 thevertical movement of the table 76 takes place without a simultaneousturning movement, but the roller 127' of the roller wheel 127 moves fromthe dotted into the full-line position so that during the second half ofits half revolution the roller 127 turns the Maltese cross 129 throughninety degrees, so that the sleeve 120 is turned through 180 degrees inthe same direction as the table was previously turned, so that the pin123 of the stem 78 again engages the lower extremity of the cam surface122. Since only half the revolution of the roller wheel 127, (on accountof the partial toothing of the gear 124) only takes place during thedescent of the table 76 and the movement of the Maltese cross 129moreover only takes place in the second 1' half of the half revolutionof the roller wheel 127, the turning of the sleeve 120 commences onlyafter the table 76 has made one half of its downward movement; thesleeve can therefore be turned through 180 degrees without hindrance.
With reference to the action of the said lever 80 on the shaft 50 of themeans for releasing the one-revolution coupling 93 by swinging the lever88, it should be understood that movement of the lever 88 is effectedonly when the assembling plate 22 moves back into the sheet-receivingposition, that is to say, when the lever 80 passes from the dotted tothe full-line position, Fig. 2, since with the opposite movement of thelever 80 its pin 81 merely swings the small pawl lever 85, which turnsit on its bolt 84. Before the lever 80 has reached the dotted lineposition, however, the pawl 85 again slides off the pin 81 and thetorsion spring 86 brings it again into contact with its stop-pin 87.
Although the drawings and the above specification disclose the best modein which we have contemplated embodying our invention, we desire to bein no way limited to the details of such disclosure for in the furtherpractical application of our invention, many changes may be made in theform and construction as circumstances require or experience suggestswithout departing from the spirit of this invention within the scope ofthe appended claims.
What we claim is:
1. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising an assembling member, means for delivering thesheets to such member, means for conveying the assembled sheets on saidmember, a toothed counting wheel operated by the delivery of the sheetsto the said member, variable cammeans on said wheelfor controlling theconveyance of the assembled sheets, and means for receiving the saidsheets.
2. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising a sheet receiving member, means including atoothed wheel for counting and feeding the sheets to said member, meansfor imparting lateral movements to said member on accumulation of apredetermined number of sheets, a cam rim onsaid wheel for controllingsaid lateral movements, and means for feeding from said member thesheets so accumulated.
3. Apparatus of thecharacter described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising an assembling plate, means for feeding thesheets to said plate, means including a toothed wheel for counting saidsheets, means for displacing the plate with said sheets when apredetermined number have been accumulated, a plurality of recessesin'said wheel, means engaging said recesses for controlling said platedisplacing means, and means for receiving said accumulated sheets.
4. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising a plate for receiving the sheets from a printingor other machine, means including a toothed wheel for feeding, countingand accumulating the sheets, means for laterally displacing the sheetswhen a predetermined number have been accumulated, and a rim on the saidwheel, a plurality of recesses said rim, a swinging member adapted toenter said recesses to control the sheet displacing means, areciprocating table for raising the sheets into contact with the lowerextremity. of a main stack of sheets, and means .for supporting saidsheets in said main stack.
5. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising means for counting and accumulating the sheets.means for receiving the accumulated sheets, means for transferring thesheets from the accumulating means to said receiving means, movableplates for supporting a main stack of sheets above the accumulatedsheets on said receiving means, swinging arms carrying said plates, cammechanism for operating the said plates to receive the accumulatedsheets, and means for adjusting the saidcam mechanism to suit the heightof the accumulated sheets.
6. Apparatus of the character described for handling and stacking sheetsand the like comprising means for accumulating and counting the sheetsincluding a ratchet counting wheel with a cam rim thereon, a table forreceiving .he accumulated sheets, means for feeding the sheets from saidaccumulating means to said tab. J, comprising a-swinging member, meansfor operating the same in proper timed relation to the operation of theapparatus and means cooperating with the cam rim on said counting wheelfor 0011-, necting the swinging lever with said feeding means on theaccumulation of a predetermined number of sheets.
7. Apparatus of the character described for handling sheets and the likecomprising means for accumulating the sheets, means for receiving theaccumulated sheets, means for conveying the accumulated sheets from theaccumulating means to said receiving means, swinging members forsupporting a main stack of sheets, means for raising the accumulatedsheets towards the main stack of sheets, cam means for operating saidswinging members to receive the said accumulated sheets, and adjustingmechanism 'to modify the action of said cam means to suit the height ofthe accumulated sheets.
8.. Apparatus of the character described for counting and stackingsheets and the like comprising a counting wheel, a series ofindentations therein, a slide plate for the accumulation of the sheets,means for raising accumulated 5 sheets to a main stack, rotary means forfeed ing the accumulated sheets to said raising means from the saidplate, a member for engaging one of said indentations after theaccumulation of a predetermined number of sheets on said plate, 20 cammechanism controlled by said member for sliding the said plate todeliver the accumulated sheets to said rotary sheet feeding means, andcontrol mechanism cooperating with said cam mechanism for the control ofthe said means 5 for raising the accumulated sheets to the main stack,and means for closing any desired number of indentations to vary thenumber of sheets in each accumulation on the said plate.
ALFRED WINKLER. mx mmmnama.
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2024-03-22
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1930-08-23
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1934-01-16"
}
|
US-1907355447-A
|
Rubber-joint-making instrument.
W. H. WBLCH. RUBBER JOINT MAKING INSTRUMENT.
APPLICATION IIL Patented Nov. 14, 1911.
3 SHEETSSHEET 1 may 7 W. H. WELSH. V RUBBER JOINT MAKING INSTRUMENT.
APPLICATION FILED IEB.2, 1907.
Patented Nov. 14, 1911.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
0 YMQ jag/fess 8. Wm I Ay "W W. -H. WELGH. RUBBER JOINT MAKINGINSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED PEB.2, 1907.
1,009,002, Patented NOV. 14, 1911.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
Z{ Z Gr\\ 3 112 wen 501".-
' Wzineases: j/M
FFIQE;
WALTER HENRY WELGI-I, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HARVEY FROST &COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
RUBBER-JOINT-MAKING- INSTRUMENT.
ooaooa.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WALTER HENRY WELCH, a subject of the King ofEngland, residing at London, in England, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in RubberJoint-Making Instruments, of which thefollowing is a. specification, reference being had therein to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.
This invention relates to instruments used for making the joints inrubber tubes, especially those used in jointing pneumatic tires, thegeneral object being to secure an instrument by which to make asatisfactory joint of the two ends of the tire tube whereby the tube ismade into a hollow annulus. The joint maybe secured in any desiredmanner, as by solutioning or vulcanizing, but vulcanizing is thepreferable course. Hitherto when vulcanizing a joint of this kind, greatdifficulty has been experienced in making the two surfacesadheresatisfactorily during the vulcanizing process on account of thedifficulty of obtaining satisfactory pressure inside the mold.
Therefore, a more particular object of my invention is to providesuitable means for producing such internal pressure.
Other objects and advantages of my in vention will hereinafter appear.
In carrying out the present invention the necessary internal pressure isprovided by means of an instrument which may be termed an expandingmandrel.
My invention includes such a mandrel in which there is left through thecenter of the mandrel an unobstructed passageway for' the tire tube (oneend of which is folded back over the outside of the mandrel. for
jointing to the other end of the tire tube) and my invention furtherincludes a construction permitting the removal of the mandrel from theclosed hollow annulus of the tire tube.
My invention also includes an expanding mechanism for the mandrel.
My invention also includes several fea tures of construction andcombinations of parts, as will appear from the following description.
The instrument may comprise a length of mandrel tube, more or lessapproximately equal to the length of the joint. This mandrel tube issplit or divided longitudinally at one side and expanding means for theSpecification of Letters Patent.
Application filed February 2, 1907.
Patented Nov. 14, 1911. Serial No. 355,447.
mandrel tube are provided and are laterallydisposed with relationthereto so as to leave unobstructed the central aperture therein,
mandrel tube, which are usually more or less spaced to provide room forthe expanding mechanism.
In order to prevent deleterious effect upon or injuries to the rubbertube because of the comparatively large space or gap between the edgeswhere the mandrel tube is split or divided, I prefer to inclose theexpanding mandrel tube in another similar mandrel tube which is merelydivided or split longitudinally so that the edges come close together.By this means when the inner mandrel tube is expanded the outer one isalso expanded, but does not present the large and more or less irregularopening of the internal one, and being comparatively thin, forms, withthe internal tube, a substantially outwardly smooth lap joint. In usingthis instrument the two ends of the rubber tube to be joined are broughttogether and placed one over the other in the usual manner with thenecessary vulcanizing solution or other materials between them, theinner end of the tube being doubled a second time, thereby leaving anannular space in which the expanding apparatus is placed, the gaps inthe two parts readily permitting both mandrel tubes to be placed on therubber tire tube or removed therefrom after the joint is completed; or,if preferred, the expanding mandrel may be first placed upon one end ofthe rubber tube and the latter doubled over afterward. In order tovulcanize the joint, I prefer to employ a divided mold, steam heated orotherwise heated. This mold can be placed upon the joint and by means ofthe expander or mandrel, the two faces of the joint can be pressedfirmly against the mold and the necessary pressure thus obtained. henthe vulcanization is completed, the divided mold can be removed and theexpander or mandrel also removed by taking it apart and passing therubber through the gaps formed at the longitudinal divisions or splitsin the mandrel tubes.
I shall now describe the several instruments illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and embodying my invention and shall thereafterpoint out my invention in claims.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of mandrel. Fig. 2 shows inperspective another construction with the parts separated. Fig. 3 is aperspective view of the mandrel shown in Fig. 2 with the parts in theiroperative position and a rubber tire tube in place, portions beingbroken away for clearness of illustration. Fig. at is a partialtransverse section through the mandrel and tire tube shown in Fig. 3.Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 6 is aperspective view of another modified construction of mandrel. Fig. 7illustrates a convenient form of outer support or mold for use with themandrel.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings, which forconvenience of description will be referred to consecutively.
\Vith reference first to Fig. 1, there is provided a non-continuousannular expansible member shown as a mandrel tube A split at A toprovide a gap and having its edges divergently separated to form awedgeshaped opening. The mandrel tube A is shown as cut away at A toaccommodate a lug B secured to another non-continuous annular expansiblemember shown as an outer mandrel tube B which encircles the innermandrel tube A and is split at B to provide a gap shown as diametricallyopposite to the gap A in the inner mandrel tube A. The lug B forms abearing for a screw-threaded rod O, the threaded portion of whichengages with a tapped lug D attached to a wedge D and forming atraveling nut. This wedge D is arranged to work in the angular opening Ain the inner mandrel tube A, the adjacent edges of which are shown asturned inward to form wedging surfaces; and rotation of the screw O bymeans of its handle C will cause the wedge D to move relatively to theopening and to expand the inner tube A or allow it to contract, byreason of its own resiliency, according to the direction of the movementof the wedge. The expansion of the mandrel tube A necessarily bringsabout the expansion of the encircling outer mandrel tube B. It should benoted that the lug B acts as a stop or abutment to prevent the innermandrel tube A from moving longitudinally relatively to the tube Bduring the expanding operation.
In the form of construction shown in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, and towhich the claims are more particularly directed, the expansion of theinner mandrel tube A is brought about by means of toggle links E insteadof the wedge D. These toggles are pivotally attached to a rod O and areprovided with pins E which removably fit into holes A in the inner tubeA. In this construction the same outer split mandrel tube B may be andis shown as employed as in the construction described with reference toFig. 1, and having the lug B through which a projecting screw-threadedportion of the rod O freely passes and is operable by means of a wingnut C to thereby actuate the toggles E. Figs. 3, A and 5 show this formof the mandrel in its operative position. One end F of the pneumatictube to be jointed is first passed through the man drel and doubled overupon itself, as shown in Fig. 5. Over this doubled-over portion theother tube end F is then placed and is surrounded by a suitable outersupport, a portion of which is shown at G. This support when the jointis to be vulcanized may conveniently be of the construction illustratedby way of example in Fig. 7 where G indicates a removable linercentrally placed within a divided mold G This mold can be heated bymeans of steam or otherwise as may be desired. When the joint is placedin position within the mold or other outer support with the mandrel inoperative position, the expanding mechanism, such as the screw-threadedrod C and toggle links E, is brought into action and the mandrel formedby the mandrel tubes A and B is expanded, producing an even pressurefrom within. It will be understood that any suitable compound is placedbetween the surfaces to be jointed in the usual way. WVhen the joint hasbeen made, the mandrel is allowed to contract, as it will do by reasonof its resiliency when the nut O is loosened (or the screw C, as thecase may be), and the tube is then undoubled leaving the joint, if madein the manner described, as the usual lapped joint. The jointedpneumatic tube is removed from the mandrel through the gaps in themandrel tubes.
In the further modified construction of tool shown in Fig. 6, theexpansion of a sin gle mandrel tube A is brought about by means of along pinion H meshing with an internally toothed curved rack J. Thepinion H has smooth reduced end portions shown as carried in suitablebearings on the tube A one of these ends projecting beyond its bearings,as shown, and being provided with a pinionactuating handlewheel H Theadjacent end of the rack J is arranged to push against a suitableabutment on the mandrel tube A shown as aturned down edge A of suchtube, so that when the pinion H is rotated in the proper direction themovement of the rack J expands the mandrel tube A which is retained inits expanded condition by means of a ratchet K and pawl K carriedrespectively by the pinion H and one of its bearing lugs. On the releaseof this ratchet mechanism the mandrel tube A will. by reason of itsresiliency, resume its original contracted condition. In other respectsthan above noted,
the operation of this particular mandrel is similar to that of thosehereinbefore de scribed with reference to the other figures of thedrawings. In this construction, like those previously described, anouter expansible mandrel tube may be employed, if desired, but insteadthereof a shield L is shown as provided to bridge the gap in the mandreltube A and this shield should have a free sliding engagement with atleast one extremity of the mandrel tube A but if desired forconvenience, may be attached to the other mandrel extremity, by hingingor otherwise. The shield L prevents injury to the rubber tube, similarlyto the outer mandrel tube B, hereinbefore described.
It is understood that these various constructions of mandrels are shownand described by way of examples, and that, as broadly claimed herein,the expansion of the non-continuous tubes may be brought about by anysuitable means answering the requirement of leaving unobstructed thecentral aperture in the mandrel, to permit the pneumatic tube to passthrough the mandrel.
Although the mandrel has been described as used for making a lappedjoint, it will be seen that it is also particularly suitable for makinga flush joint when required to do so, as the pressure produced by themandrel is exerted evenly all around from within the joint.
It is obvious that various modifications may be made in theconstructions, shown in the drawings and above particularly describedwithin the principle and scope of my invention.
I claim:
1. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said annular memberlaterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed thecentral aperture therein.
2. An instrument for making joints in rubber tub-es comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said annular memberlaterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed thecentral aperture therein, such means including a rotative manuallyactuatable handle part located at the end of said annular member.
3. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said a11- nular memberlaterally-disposed with. relation thereto so as to leave unobstructedthe central aperture therein, such means including a toggle cooperativewith such member, and means for actuating the toggle.
4:. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said annular memberlaterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed thecentral aperture therein, such means including a spreading device, andmeans for actuating such device.
5. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said annular memberlaterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed thecentral aperture therein, such means including a spreading device, and ascrew for actuating such device.
6. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising anon-continuous annular expansible member which may be inserted in theannular space within the ends of the tube to exert outward pressure onthe joint and removed from said space and from the tube when the jointis completed, and expanding means for said annular memberlaterally-disposed with relation thereto so as to leave unobstructed thecentral aperture therein, such means including a combined screw andtoggle mechanism.
7 An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, incombination, an inner expansible split annulus, an. outer expansiblesplit annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, theannuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in theother, and expanding means for the inner annulus.
8. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, incombination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer expansiblesplit annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, theannuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in theother, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including acombined screw and toggle mechanism.
9. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, incombination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer expansiblesplit annulus circumfercntially surrounding the inner annulus, theannuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in theother, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including aplurality of toggles bridging the gap at the split in the inner annulus,and a screwthreaded actuating rod for the toggles.
10. An instrument for making joints in rubber tubes comprising, incombination, an inner expansible split annulus, an outer eX pansiblesplit annulus circumferentially surrounding the inner annulus, theannuli being adapted to be arranged so that each covers the split in theother, and expanding means for the inner annulus, such means including atoggle bridging the gap at the split in the inner annulus, alongitudinally-movable actuating rod for the toggle, and actuating meansfor such rod.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.
WALTER HENRY WELCH.
WVitnesses:
RICH. CAsTLn, E. M. TOLERTON.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.
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2024-03-22
|
1907-02-02
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-11-14"
}
|
US-14981450-A
|
Toupee
S. PERLIN July 22, 1952 TOUPEE Filed March 15, 1950 mmvroa SAMUEL PERU/VPatented July 22, 1952 -Application Mareh 15,195llifSriatNd. 149,8 1f iI 1'? Thisinventi'onis directed; to anovel toupee and to a simplifiedmethod of :making suchtoupee. Hithertothe entire scalp was covered by atoupee eventhough partly bald. This type of toupee was quite, expensiveand required an inside adhe- 'sive strip over wide areas. Moreovertheold type of .toup'ee employed: .a' cloth mesh which not i onlyextended tunsightly beyond the hair line but also required adhesive tohold it in place. The invention has: for its primar object to provideafragmentaryztoupee complementary to the head of hair for! effectivelycovering the bald area only:- Ano'ther. object resides in the provisionI of a toupee of the character referred to which maybe quickly'andeasily applied to cover the-bald area only, which is more economical toproduce as the entire scalp need not-be covered; which is neater inappearance, which. stays set and which has :"no anterior: part extendingbeyond the hair line.-. Another important'jobject resides in aneconomical method 'of 'forming a toupee complementary to the head ofhairto conform to the contour of 'the'bald area of. the'scalp. Otherimportant aspects-advantages and features of the invention will appearfrom the following 'de- ,1-3 creams... (01.132 53). 1-
tailed description taken with the: accompanying drawings wherein: I
Fig; 1 shows a thin sheet'of plastic out of which the toupeeis formedin-accordance with-my in'-' vention.-'" *Fig. 2 'is a plan view of ahead of a person having a portion thereof bald. -Fig. 3- is a viewsimilar to Fig.-2 but with pencil oi -crayon marking thereon tooutlinethe bald area on which is adhesively secured strips of Fig. 4 isa front elevational view of Fig. 3 but illustrating the head coveredwith a soft molding clay or hydrocolloid composition for obtaining anexact impression of the head, namely; a negative offthehea'd ormatrix.Fig. {is a'cross,s'ectional view of the negative formedin'Fig. 4together with the plaster of Paris complementary positive. I
Fig. dis a 'front view of the positive.
is plan view of the positive along the line 15-1 1" Fig.6 illustratingthestrip receiving bo sesrm ,1 Fig .8-is a cross sectional viewofthepositive. on; theline 88 of Fig. 9 wherein the periphery ofi .-the'.bald zone or area 'has been indented or grooved. 2
Fig.9 is a plan'view on the line 9-4 of Fig. 8. .;.c1.igi.10. showsthe;sheets'ot plastic'of Fig. '1
phragr'n orhair carrier. l 1
interposed and processed between the positiveof Fig. 8 and the companionnegative of Fig. 5.. Fig. 11 is a planview-of the template or dia--phragm cut-from the processed plastic sheet after removal from thenegative and positive shown in Fig.. 1215a cross sectional view onthe'li'ne l2-1-'l2--'of-Fig.-l1. i Fig. 13: is-a front elevationalview-of thev dia-' phragm or mask shown in 11', however, partly brokenaway. a Fig. 14' illustratesforaminated. I 1 Fig. 15 is 'a' longitudinalsectional view of Fig. 11 illustrating the posterior'boss'es of-the'diathe diaphragm of Fig; 11
V Fig. 16' is a view similar to Fig. 151b1it showing adhesive stripsconfined'in-the posteriorbosses; Fig; "17"iS a? plan view of thediaphragm 'orhair carrieradhesively secured to the bald section of aheadof hair and fixedly carrying hair' matching the headofhairu Fig. 18 is aview similar'to Fig. 16 but-.witli suction cups arranged within thebosses;
Fig. '19 is an enlarged fragmentary view of Fig.
Fig. 20 is a" front and partly-sectional-view-of a diaphragm or maskaccording to the invention but vcarr yinga conventional-and fulltoup'een 1 Referring to the drawings and more" particu larly to Fig. 2the head H 'shown is partly bald. According to. the herein method,anoutline in pencilv'or crayon is. first made on the sca1p,-con-'forming to the bald area BA to beco'ver'ed by the toupee". Thereafterspaced adhesive strips I] and the elongated adhesive strip l2 aresecured onto the bald area as shown in Fig. 3. Subse quently: the headis covered with a soft molding clayorxhydrocolloid composition 'fordesirably casting an impression of the top of the-head. Thisi'casthardens and may be quickly removed from thehead. Thiscast'maybe-consideredasj a matrix ornegative N of the head H. Utilizingvnegative N, a complementarypositive P is cast from plaster of Paris(Fig. 5) and'when removed-from the negative embodies spaced bosses l3and'the upstanding rib I4, conforming respectively to the spaced stripsII and the elongated strip l2 and except for both of the latter-, thepositive cast P' (Fig. 6) identically follows and-conforms to thecontour of the top of the head shownin Fig. 2 and especially em plied inan appropriate press (not'shown) for a suitable time, thus conformingthe sheet to the contour of the bald area and to embody the spacedupstanding hollow bosses H, the upstanding re inforcing and hollow ribI9 and the peripheral or marginal indentation I8 (Fig. 10). -The sh'eetS is softened almost to a fluid state andwhen placed under pressurebetween the positive and 4 of construction and arrangement of partswithout departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any ofthe advantages thereof inherent therein.
I claim:
1. A toupee for covering the bald area of a head of hair, comprising; arelatively thin, relatively rigid and resilient arcuate membrane cono mn 5 to id 11 5. imentary' to saidfhead offhair, hair; secured to saidmembrane for covering the u per surface thereof, and adhesive stripscarried by the under surface of said membrane for gripping said bald 2 Atoupee for coveringthe bald area only of a head of hair', comprising; arelatively thin but negative (Fig. 10), the plastic material flows intoY T grooves I5 to form indentation l8. .Sheet S after processing-isremovedfrom'the negative and positive and the diaphragm or hair carrierTis cut therefrom to include the peripheral depending downwardly andoutwardly sloping margin or lip '20. -.Diaphragm ormaskT is a relativelythin arcuate member, flexible and resilient and follows .identicallyzthecontour of the bald area. Within the recesses.:-l.8.'-.defined byspacedbosses. I] adhesive strips 2|iare secured and within the elongatedgrooves 22 of rib l9, adhesive strip 23 is retained. Strips 2| and.23have their adhesivecoatings. facing downwardly for firmly gripping thescalp. after the arcuate diaphragm or membrane T is properlypositionedon the bald zone. By such actionthe beveled margins orperipheral lip firmly bear into the scalp and form, a close and fine fitwith the hair line. Diaphragm or carrier .T after processing-haseffectively secured theretojsuitable hair HR .(Fig. 17). matching thenaturalhairNH, thus ,forming a fragmentary .toupeeyor hair carrying maskcomplementary to .the remaining part of the natural head ofhair.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment ofthe present invention, thetoupee masks only the uncovered hair area of the scalp andis notflimsyand need not be delicately handled. Once it is securedjto thehead. it remains in a-setpositionby reasonof the adhesive strips.:,-Inaddition since the bald area ;on1y;need be. covered appreciablesavingsin' cost take place;
.In the form illustrated in Fig. 14, the membrane T is. along the. linesof Fig. 15. and :is provided' with a multiplicity of perforationsfor.ventilatingpurposesz- In Figs.- 18 and 19 suction cups are securedwithin bosses H for; gripping the diaphragm or. mask T to the scalp. :InFig. 20, the diaphragm is :in accordance with that shown in Fig. 13 butinstead of having a fragmentary part of the head of; hair, hasfixedlysecured thereto an oldtype of toupee having the usual mesh M carryinghairHH covering-the entire head. For purposes of specification, rib..l-9;,may..also be considered as a hollow bossxextending. upwardlyfrom-the upper surface .of the. membrane or, diaphragm j T to constituteproiectingi means while the peripheral'lipnifl may be 'said to be:
. biased or inclinedrelative. :to, thebodyof-ihe.
diaphragm or membrame -I' separated from the p o s ee :8 n cut ing;.alongithe lower medial portion or vertex of the *ygshaped groove.
IB indentedin sheets Various changesymay abermade in the steps l ef.themethod jherein disclosedandin the. details.
resilient arjcuate membrane conforming in shape to said area andcomplementary to said head of hair, hollow boss means projecting fromthe upper surface of said membrane, hair secured to saidmembraneand-extending from said upper surface, and strip. means .securedto-the inner upperwall of said boss means and carryinga lower adhesivecoating for. removably gripping said bald area. i
.3. A toupee for covering the bald areaonly of a head of hair,comprising; a'relatively.-thinbut resilient arcuate membrane conformingin :shape to said area and complementary tosaidheadof hair, hollowandspaced boss means projecting from theupper surface of said membrane,hair ,secured to said membrane andextendingfrom saidupper surface, and astrip ,secureduwithin the ,inner wall of each of said bossmeanszandcarrying a lower adhesive. coating. for. :removablygrippingsaid baldarea4. A toupee for, covering fthebald area on1y;o' f a. head of hair,comprising; "a relatively; thin: but resilient arcuate membraneconformingimshape' to1 said area and complementary" to. saidaheado'fhair and :having a. peripheral. sloping lip, hollow boss meansprojecting from the upper. surface of said membrane, hair secured tosaidmembrane and. extending from said upper surface, and adhesive; stripmeanswwithin said. boss means for removably gripping saidbald'area. 1 5.A toupee for covering the. bald area onlyof ahead of hair,,.co mprising;a relativelythin but resilient arcuate membrane conforming in shape tosaid area and complementary to said headof; hair, hollow boss meansprojecting fromtheupper surface of said membrane hollowrib meansextending from said surface, hair secured-tosaid membrane and extend-ingfrom said-upper surface, and adhesive means secured within said bossmeans and rib means for removably grip-1 p ne sa bald a 6. As anewarticle of manufacture, amasl; for covering the bald area only ofaheadof hair, comprising; a relatively thin but resilient arcuatemembrane conforming in shape to said areaand complementary to said headof hair, hollow boss means projectingupwardly from said membrane,adhesiveistrip' means secured within "said jboss means for removablygripping said area. 7. The'herein described method of making atoupeewhich comprises ;--forming a'relative'ly rigid and-thin resilientmembrane conforming to the shape and area of the bald zone only of-aheadof hair; interrupted by said bald zone,' s'ecuri-ng ,8. The hereindescribed method of making a toupee which comprises; forming a membraneconforming to the shape and area of said bald zone only of a head ofhair interrupted by said bald zone and concomitantly forming spacedhollow bosses projecting upwardly from said membrane and a peripherallip, securing hair to said membrane to extend from the upper surfacethereof, and securing adhesive strip means within said bosses.
9. The herein described method of making a toupee, which comprises;outlining the bald area interrupting a head of hair, applying adhesivestrip means to parts of said area, forming a negative of said head andconcomitantly impressing said outline on the insidesurface of saidnegative and simultaneously interrupting said surface with recess meanscomplementary to said strip means, casting a positiv of said negativeand concomitantly impressing said outline thereon and simultaneouslyforming projecting means within said outline and complementary to saidrecess-means, interposing a preheated sheet of plastic material betweensaid positive and negative, applying pressure to said positive andnegative to impress said outline and to conform said sheet to theexternal contour of said positive and provide hollow boss means thereoncomplementary to said projecting means, removing said sheet from saidpositive and negative, severing from said sheet the outline of said baldarea to form an arcuate membrane, applying hair to said membrane tocover the upper surface thereof, and securing adhesive strip means insaid hollow boss means.
10. The herein described method of making a toupee, which comprises;outlining the bald area interrupting a head of hair, applying adhesivestrip means to parts of said area, forming a negative of said head andconcomitantly impressing said outline on the inside surface of saidnegative and simultaneously interrupting said surface with recess meanscomplementary to said strip means, casting a positive of said negativeand concomitantly impressing said outline thereon and simultaneouslyforming projecting means within said outline and complementary to saidrecess means,
indenting said positive to provide a downwardly converging groove,interposing a preheated sheet of plastic material between said positiveand negative, applying pressure to said positive and negative to impresssaid groove in andconform said sheet to the external contour of saidpositive and provide upwardly extending hollow boss means thereoncomplementary to said projecting means, removing said sheet from saidpositive and negative, cutting said sheet along the medial portion ofsaid groove impressed therein to form an arcuate membrane, applying hairto said membrane to cover the upper surface thereof, and securingadhesive strip means in said hollow boss means. r
11. As a new article of manufacture, a mask adapted to substantiallycover the bald area only of a head of hair, comprising a relatively thinbut resilient arcuate membrane conforming in shape to said area andhaving a peripheral margin conforming to the peripheral edges of thehair line bounding said bald area, said mask including recess means, andadhesive means secured to the upper wall of said recess means and havinga lower coating for remoyably gripping said area.
12. The article according to claim 11 further characterized in thatportions of said peripheral margin diverge downwardly and outwardlyrelative to the body of said mask to constitute a beveled face.
13. The article according to claim 4 wherein longitudinally arranged ribmeans interrupt said membrane adjacent a portion of said peripheral lip.
SAMUEL PERLIN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the
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2024-03-22
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1950-03-15
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-07-22"
}
|
US-3484340D-A
|
Fire-proofing of cellulosic material with a bonding agent containing bromides
United States Patent 3,484,340 FIRE-PROOFING OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WITHA BONDING AGENT CONTAINING BROMIDES Menachem Lewin, Jerusalem, Israel,assignor to State of Israel, Ministry of Trade and Industry Filed May 6,1966, Ser. No. 548,303 Claims priority, appligatim9 Israel, June 4,1965,
3 7 Int. (:1. D21h 3 /66; C09]: 3/28 US. Cl. 162159 7 Claims ABSTRACT OFTHE DISCLOSURE The present invention concerns the production offireresistant cellulosic and lignocellulosic articles coated with orincorporating a bonding agent. Such articles may, for example, be sized,bleached or unbleached paper or cardboard where the binding agent is thesizing material, laminated structures such as flat or corrugatedlaminated cardboard, veneers or plywood where the bonding agent is theadhesive used for gluing together the various plies of the structure,which structure in case of cardboard may also be sized, varioushardboards and chipboards where the bonding agent is the binder, and thelike. Hereinafter all the cellulosic and lignocellulosic articles whichare coated with or incorporate a bonding agent will be referred to forshort as bonded cellulosic articles.
The bonding agents which are used in the manufacture of the bondedcellulosic articles with which the present invention is concerned areall those conventionally used in the art in the form of aqueoussolutions or suspensions and include among others starch in its variousforms, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea and melamine formaldehyderesins, mixtures, of two or more of the above resins, mixtures of one ormore of the above resins with starch, sodium silicate itself as Well asin admixture with other adhesives, various proteinaceous adhesives, ifdesired, in combination with other adhesives, and many others.Hereinafter the term bonding agent will be used in an unspecific mannerit being understood that it refers to any of the various bonding agentswhich are applicable in the manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles.
It is known to flameproof wood and other lignocellulosic structures byimpregnation with various organic salts such as phosphates, borates,mixtures of borates and boric acid, antimonates, arsenates, sulfates andothers. However, none of these yields any satisfactory flameproofingeffect if merely incorporated in a bonding agent.
Moreover, when any of the above salts is incorporated in an aqueousbonding agent composition in an amount suflicient to produce anyappreciable fire-resistance, the bonding agent coagulates with theresult that the bonding capacity of the composition is impaired.
In accordance with the invention it has now surprisingly been found thatincorganic bromides and oxybromides are very efficient fire resistingagents and that in distinction from other salts they can be incorporatedin aqueous bonding agent compositions in an amount sufficient to producefire-resistance without causing any deterioration ice of the bondingcomposition by coagulation of the bonding agent.
Every aqueous bonding agent composition has in fluid state certainoptimal values for the viscosity and surface tension and any appreciabledeviation from these values by way of increase or decrease, affectsunfavourably the quality of the bonding agent composition andconsequently also the quality of the bonded cellulosic article bondedtherewith. Hereinafter the viscosity and surface ten-sion of a fluidaqueous bonding agent composition will be referred to for short as fluidstate characteristics.
In the course of the investigations conducted in accordance with thepresent invention it has further been found, that the fluid statecharacteristics of an aqueous bonding agent composition are affected bythe incorporation therein of an inorganic bromide or oxybromide. It has,moreover, surprisingly been found that while some bromides andoxybromides have the capacity of raising one or more fluid statecharacteristics, others have the capacity of lowering them.
Based on these observations the invention provides, in the production ofa bonded cellulosic :article (as herein defined) employing an aqueousbonding agent composition, a method of imparting a degree of fireresistance of the finished article by incorporating in the fluidcomposition at least two substances selected from the group of inorganicbromides and inorganic oxybromides provided that at least one of thesubstances is a bromide, one of which substances is capable of loweringat least one of the fluid state characteristics of the bonding agentwhile the other is capable of raising the same characteristic, saidsubstances being added in such a total quantity as to impart to theproduct a desired degree of fire resistance and in such a relativeproportion that said fluid state charactistic assumes a selected andpreferred value.
In some cases the selected and preferred value of the reference fluidstate characteristic may, for example, be substantially the value it hadbefore the addition of said substances. In other cases the bondingcapacity of the bonding agent composition may be improved by selecting avalue that differs from the one before the addition of said substances.In any case the imparting of fire resistance in accordance with theinvention is accompanied by a control of the viscosity and/or surf-acetension of the aqueous bonding agent composition and thereby a controlof the bonding capacity.
The substances incorporated in accordance with the invention in thebonding agent composition may, for example, be two different bromides ora bromide and an oxybromide. Obviously more than two such substances maybe used.
The quantity of the above substances to be incorporated will vary inaccordance with their nature, the nature of the cellulose orlignocellulose, the desired degree of fire resistance and other factors.As a rule, the amount of oxybromides and/or bromides to be incorporatedin the bonding agent will vary between 0.4 and 12% by Weight of thecellulose or lignocellulose.
Examples of bromide salts that can be used in accordance with theinvention are the bromides of sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium,magnesium, zinc, cobalt, lead antimony and iron. Examples of oxybromidesare those of calcium and magnesium. This list is by no means exhaustiveand other bromides and oxybromides are applicable. If desired, it ispossible to incorporate in the bonding agent together with theoxybromides and/ or bromides, as the case may be, a certain proportionof borax, boric acid, or phosphates such as monoand diammoniumphosphate, antimony oxide, sulphamates, ammonium sulphate and others. Bydoing this the required quantity of oxybromide and/or bromide is reducedwithout affecting the resulting fire resistance of the bonded cellulosicor lignocellulosic articles.
For determining the kind of oxybromides and/or bromides and relativeamount to be incorporated into the bonding agent composition it ispossible to consider either the viscosity or the surface tension as thereference fluid state characteristic.
As the bromide and/or oxybromide containing bonding agents are used inaccordance with the present invention in the form of aqueouscompositions, i.e. emulsions, suspensions or solutions, it is of greatadvantage that most inorganic bromides are highly water-soluble, thesolubility varying between 40 and 120% by weight of the water used.Consequently relatively large quantities of bromides can be incorporatedin aqueous bonding agent compositions used in the manufacture of bondedcellulosic articles in accordance with the invention.
Against this the oxybromides are only sparingly water soluble and theirincorporation in an aqueous bonding agent composition as a ruleincreases the viscosity of the latter. Therefore, in accordance with theinvention oxybromides will be used as a rule in combination withviscosity-lowering bromides.
When an oxybromide is used in accordance with the invention it may serveat the same time as filler.
In manufacture of bonded cellulosic articles in accordance with theinvention, the bomide and oxybromide salts can be added to the bondingagent composition or to any of the ingredients from which the bondingagent is made up in the form of concentrated aqueous solutions, dry orsubstantially dry powders, as dispersions or in any other form that isconvenient. The admixture should be elfected in such a way that theoxybromide and/ or bromide compounds are thoroughly mixed within theingredients that form the bonding agent composition or within thebonding agent composition itself, as the case may be.
Many of the bonding agents used in the manufacture of bonded cellulosicarticles are waterproof. The incorporation of oxybromide and bromidecompounds in these bonding agents in accordance with the inventionresults in the production of a product that is both waterproof andfireproof and in which the fireproofing oxybromides and/or bromides areprotected from being leached out. These structures are thus particularlystable and of long durability.
The bromides and oxybromides incorporated in the bonding agents inaccordance with the present invention are, as a rule, chemically inertand do not react chemically with the cellulosic or lignocellulosicmaterial or with any of the ingredients of the bonding agent compositionso that the physical properties of the bonded cellulosic article are notadversely affected by the incorporation of the oxybromides and/orbromides into the bonding agent.
By way of example, it has been found, in accordance with the invention,that ammonium bromide lowers both the surface tension and the viscosityof an aqueous ureaformaldehyde resin composition. Against this it hasbeen found that sodium bromide raises both the surface ten sion and theviscosity of the same composition. These effects are illustrated in theenclosed drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the variation of the surfacetension of an aqueous ureaformaldehyde composition upon the addition ofvarying amounts of ammonium bromide and sodium bromide; and
FIG. 2 shows the variation of the viscosity of the same composition uponthe addition of varying amounts of sodium bromide and ammonium bromide.
Referring first to FIG. 1, the hyphenated horizontal line shows thenormal surface tension of an aqueous ureaformaldehyde composition with asolid content of 49% by weight. The variation of the surface tensionupon addition of varying amounts of sodium bromide and ammonium bromideis shown by the drawn out line. As seen,
upon the addition of 25% by weight of ammonium bromide the surfacetension drops from about 68 dynes/cm. to about 58 dynes/cm. If now theammonium bromide content is gradually lowered and at the same timesodium bromide is added in such a proportion that the total bromideanion content of the composition remains essentially the same thesurface tension rises gradually until at about a content of about 16% byweight of sodium bromide and approximately 12% by weight of ammoniumbromide the surface tension reaches the original value. By furtherlowering the ammonium bromide content and increasing the sodium bromidecontent the surface tension at first rises somewhat further, reaches apeak which is at approximately 72 dynes/cm. and then approachesasymptotically the normal surface tension line. Thus, where such acomposition is to be used for the purposes of the present invention theammonium bromide content should not exceed approximately 12% by weightand the sodium bromide content should not be less than approximately 16%by weight.
The variations of the viscosity of the aqueous bonding agent compositionupon the addition of varying quantities of ammonium bromide and sodiumbromide are shown in FIG. 2. Again, the normal viscosity is indicated bythe hyphenated line and has a value of approximately 55 cp. The actualviscosity is shown by the drawn-out line and it is seen that thereexists one point and one comparatively narrow range around which theviscosity corresponds to the original one. The first of these is at asodium bromide content of about 6.5% by weight and ammonium bromidecontent of approximately 20% by weight. The second one corresponds to asodium bromide content from about 19 to about 22 by weight and anammonium bromide content from about 6 to about 20% by weight.
When considering FIGS. 1 and 2 in combination it becomes obvious thatonly the second range of FIG. 2 conicides with the eligible range ofFIG. 1 and consequently where an aqueous urea-formaldehyde compositionwith 49% by weight solid content is to be used as bonding agent for thepurpose of the present invention and the couple amonium bromide-sodiumbromide serves as fireproofing agent, the range of from 17 to 22% byweight of sodium bromide and 6 to 20% by weight of ammonium bromide willpreferably be selected. However, the range of about 6.5% of NaBr atabout 22% by weight of NH Br can also be used in cases where theviscosity is overriding.
Most viscosity and surface tension measurements are easily carried out.Therefore, it is a simple matter to establish for each combination ofbromides or bromide/ oxybromide to be used as fireproofing agents for adesired'bonding agent composition, the optimum relative proportionsbetween the individual salts in an analogous manner as has beenexemplified with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
By adhering to the principles of the present invention as has beendefined hereinbefore, the bonding capacity of the bonding agent is notaffected by the incorporation of the bromides'and oxybromides while atthe same time an appreciable degree of fire resistance of the finishedbonded cellulosic article is obtained.
In case of a laminate structure composed of a large number of plies itmay in accordance with the invention be sufiicient to apply the bromideand oxybromide containing bonding agent composition only to the outerplies, for example first and second, in order to obtain a desired degreeof flame-proofing of the surface. Likewise, it is possible in accordancewith the invention to glue a sheet of paper on the surface of a plywoodor any other laminate using as adhesive a bromide or oxybromidecontaining bonding agent composition while the plywood and laminateitself incorporates an ordinary bonding agent. In this manner thedesired flame-proofing of the surface is achieved by using bromide in anamount of the order of only 0.5% of the total weight of the plywood orlaminate.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples withoutbeing limited thereto, all parts by weight.
EXAMPLE 1 An adhesive mixture was made up of parts of solid commercialstarch and urea-formaldehyde con taining adhesive (relative proportionapproximately 1:1), 31.5 parts of ammonium bromide, 9.9 parts of sodiumbromide and 70 parts of water.
grams of this composition were evenly brushed on 1 m? sheet ofcommercial kraft paper Weighing 120 grams. A second similar sheet ofkraft paper was placed on the first so that the adhesive line wasbetween the sheets. The resulting laminate was pressed and dried for 3minutes at C. The analysis of a part of the laminate shows that itcontained 6.5% of bromine. A piece of the sample 2.75 inches wide and8.25 inches long was tested according to the Tappi Method forflammability of treated paper and paperboard T 461 mm.-48. The sampledid not inflame. When taken out from the Bunsen flame it did notcontinue to burn and no perceptible after-glowing was observed. Asimilar laminate composed of two 1 m? sheets of kraft paper was preparedusing the same adhesive to which no bromides were added. When testingthe laminate according to the same T 461 m.-48 it inflamed immediatelyand burned completely.
EXAMPLE 2 kg. of Okum wood chips measuring 0.2-1 mm.- thickness, 5-17mm.-length and 04-1 mm.-width, and containing 2.5% of moisture weresprayed in a commerical glue sprayer used in the production of chipboards, with 26.2 kg. of a glue composed of 9 kg. of dry commercialurea-formaldehyde adhesive, 6 kg. of ammonium bromide, 2.5 kg. of sodiumbromide and 9.4 kg. of water. The sprayed chips were made up into sheetsand pressed on a commercial hot press at C. at a pressure of 19 kg./cm.for 7 minutes. The chipboard obtained had a specific gravity of 0.65g./cm. and a thickness of 23 mm. Samples of 30 x 30 cm. of this boardwere tested by the fire-testing apparatus and method according to theFrench Standard Method, based on the Decree of the Minister of Interior,No. 57-1161 of 17.10.1957 and published in the Journal Oflicial de laRpublique Francaise of Jan. 16, 1958, pp. 611-618. The samples of thebromide containing boards were classified according to the results ofthe test as non-inflammable.
Similar particle boards were prepared from 100 kg. of the similar chipssprayed with 18.4 kg. of a glue composed of 9 kg. of commercialurea-formaldehyde and 9.4 kg. of water and pressed under the sameconditions. Samples of the board tested by the same French StandardMethod were classified as easily inflammable.
EXAMPLE 3 Veneers of Okum wood were coated, with a phenolic resin gluecontaining 17% by Weight of bromide ion. The bromide ion wasincorporated in the glue by dissolving in it 8 parts of sodium bromide,7 parts of ammonium bromide and suspending therein 8.25 parts of apowder of magnesium oxybromide, all parts being grams per 100 mls. ofglue. The veneers were 1 mm. thick and 5 plies were superposed. Thesecond, third and fourth plies were coated on both sides while the firstand fifth were coated on one side only. The veneers were pressed in aplywood press at C. and 40 lags/cm. pressure, in a manner conventionalfor the manufacture of plywood.
The plywood panel obtained had a. highly improved resistance to flamespread as compared. to a panel which was produced without addition ofbromide and oxybromide to the glue.
What I claim is:
1. In the production of a bonded cellulosic article employing an aqueousbonding agent composition, the method of imparting a degree of fireressitance to the finished article by incorporating in the fluid bondingagent composition at least two substances, one of which consists of ametal bromide, and the other of which is selected from the groupconsisting of metal bromides differing from the metal of said firstmentioned metal bromides and metal oxybromides, one of which substanceslowers at least one of the viscosity, the surface tension or theviscosity and the surface tension of the fluid bonding agent compositionand the other of which substances raises the viscosity, the surfacetension or the viscosity and the surface tension of the fluid bondingagent composition, said substances being incorporated in an amount offrom 0.4% to 12% by weight of cellulose.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportionsbetween said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surfacetension or the viscosity and the surface tension retain substantiallythe value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of saidsubstances.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportionsbetween said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surfacetension or the viscosity and the surface tension assume a value greaterthan the value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of saidsubstances.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein only one of the viscosity andthe surface tension is employed to control the relative proportions ofsaid substances.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein both the viscosity and thesurface tension are employed to control the relative proportions of saidsubstances.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the relative proportionsbetween said substances are so selected that the viscosity, the surfacetension or the viscosity and the surface tension assume a value lessthan the value the aqueous bonding agent had before the addition of saidsubstances.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the substances is ametal bromide and the other is a metal oxybromide.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,912,394 11/1959 Stilbert et a1.1 117-138 X 3,092,537 6/1963 Brandts 162-159 3,132,045 5/1964 Hill117138 3,150,919 9/1964 Lewin 162159 X 3,248,257 4/1966 Cadotte et al162159 X S. LEON BASHORE, Primary Examiner
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2024-03-22
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1966-05-06
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-12-16"
}
|
US-15171661-A
|
Automatic feeding apparatus of the cutter saddle in gear shaper
Nov. 23, 1965 RlSAKU KONDO 3,218,932
AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTER SADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER INV ENTOR Risa/Va ffomda BY J ATTORNEY Nov. 23, 1965 RlSAKu oN o 3,218,932
AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTER SADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER FiledNov. 13. 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 4 III INVENTOR Ez'Ja/Z'u ffcwdo ATTORNEYUnited States Patent 3,218,932 AUTOMATIC FEEDING APPARATUS OF THE CUTTERSADDLE IN GEAR SHAPER Risaku Kondo, 142 Z-chome, Kosugi-goten-machi,Kawasaki, Japan Filed Nov. 13, 1961, Ser. No. 151,716 1 Claim. (Cl. 907)The present invention relates to automatic feeding ap paratus of thecutter saddle in a gear shaper in which said saddle is moved by oilhydraulic pressure quickly at the preliminary stroke of the cutterapproaching the work and also at the retire stroke withdrawing thecutter from the work when the cutting has been completed.
Intermediate of the preliminary stroke and the retire stroke the cuttersaddle is made to do feeding motion during cutting action with positivedrive by such mechanism as toothed gear, cam, etc., the interchangebetween such different modes of transmission being accomplished by limitswitches and their individual actuating means.
The principal object of my invention is to obtain a thoroughly automaticapparatus which may be substituted for hand working, upon which thedisplacement of the cam operating the cutter saddle had been heretoforerelied upon, consequently to gain a general advantage produced by theincrease of working efiiciency.
Another object of my invention is to obtain an eifective apparatus inwhich the idle time of the working is substantially saved at thepreliminary or approach stroke, in which the saddle brings the cutter tothe cutting position; and at the terminal or retire stroke, in which thesaddle withdraws the cutter from the work to the retired position forchanging to new uncut work. It is not required that the saddle moveprecisely during such time saving preliminary and terminal strokes andtherefore fluid pressure changes may cause such movement; but it isrequired that precision and stability are secured during theintermediate cutting stroke and this latter requirement is obtained bymy positive cutter drive. Therefore, both requirements are within theobjects of my invention.
These and more detailed and specific objects will be disclosed in thecourse of the following specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view as viewed from operators position.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary end elevation looking from the right of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a horizontal section view taken on the lines of 33 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a section elevation view on the lines 44 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged detailed elevation view of the clutch as seen inFIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view showing the arrangement of gears 48,50 and 51 on shafts 37, C and 53 respectively. The gears shown areimmediately to the left of gears 54 and 55 in FIGS. 1 and 3. The upwarddirection of the sight lines for FIG. 6 is shown by the arrows 6.6 ofFIG. 1, and
FIG. 7 a plat diagram illustrating the motions of the cutter saddle andthe cam which controls the cut of the cutter.
In the drawings, 11 is a horizontally slidable saddle movable left andright in FIG. 2, and carrying a vertical cutter spindle. The spindle issupported about a vertical-axis hearing held at the right side of thesaddle as viewed in FIG. 1. The cutter spindle and bearing are not shownon the drawings. The cutter spindle with the cutter afiixed to its lowerend, makes rotation and also vertical reciprocation, and is driven by aspecial mechanism to make the cutter cut the teeth on the work piece.
Patented Nov. 23, 1965 Since the cutter and driving mechanisms are notin the scope of the present invention, they are neither shown in thedrawings nor are they here explained in detail.
12 is a transmission bar, one end of which is connected to the cuttersaddle 11 with a screw joint 12' to make its elfective lengthadjustable, while the other end provided with a roll 13 is made to touchupon the surface of the cam 14 which controls the movement of thetransmission bar 12 and therefore that of the cutter saddle from oneside. For the same purpose the rack 12 is provided at the lower side ofthe transmission bar 12 to be in gear with the segment teeth 16rotatably supported at the shaft 15, and these segment teeth areactuated to rotate anti-clockwise by a suitable means e.g. by a springwound around the shaft 15, so that the roll 13 at the end of thetransmission bar touches the surface of the cam 14 during the time thecutter is acting upon the work. 17 is a stop pin fixed on a part of theframe by which the segment teeth 16 are made to stand still at the veryposition when the roll 13 at the end of the transmission bar has movedwith the rack 12" apart from the segment teeth 16 leftward to the retirestroke end 13 as seen in dashed lines in FIG. 2 together with the saddle11 by the action of the oil cylinder 18. Thus the rack 12" of thetransmission bar can again enter into gear with the segment teeth 16when it comes back rightward toward the work in the beginning of thenext cutting cycle. 18 is an oil cylinder which moves the cutter saddlerightward or leftward with its piston rod, attached directly to thecutter saddle, at the beginning and last of one cycle of working. 19 and20 are working bars to actuate limit switches. Bar 19 first brakes theoil cylinder 18, 20 then cuts off the oil pressure to make that cylinder18 powerless and at the same time starts the oil cylinder 26 (see points2, 3 on Sdll curve herebelow). This is done when the transmission barcarrying the cutter saddle has been moved rightward and the cutterapproaches its cutting position.
Since the cam 14 has duty to control the movement of the cutter saddleas well as the cutter, it must have different shape according to theform and dimension of tooth to be cut as well as the mode of workinge.g. two step cutting or three step cutting, so that it must be fixed onthe cam holder 22 changeably eg by means of bolts. This cam holder 22,being provided with an anti-friction metal 23 in the side, is made tomove up and down, sliding vertically in the space bounded by the frame24 and a guide plate 25, fixed thereto, actuated by the piston rod 26 ofanother oil cylinder 26 through the bracket 27 fixed thereto.
Moreover at the upper part of this cam holder 22, there is provided acam 28 and there is also provided a rack 29. The cam 28 is to move theshifter of the clutch which is hereinafter explained, while the rack 29,being put in gear with a toothed wheel 30 fixed on the shaft 37, drivessaid toothed wheel 30 when the cutter saddle is moved by the oilpressure in 18. At another time the rack 29 is driven by the toothedwheel 30 when the cutter saddle is moved with positive drive such as bytoothed gearing 16, 12.
When the cam holder 22 is raised upward by the oil cylinder 26, the pushrod 31 connecting at the lower end of the lever 32 moves leftward,moving the upper end of the lever 32 rightward through its fulcrum. Bythat motion of the lever 32, the acting rod 33 moves rightward actuatinga limit switch to brake the oil cylinder 26. Thus the oil cylinder 26 isprepared to become powerless by being cut olf from the oil pressure.
Spaced from inclined lever 32, there is provided an inclined shifterlever 34, the latter (34) pivoted at the horizontal fulcrum pin 34' onthe frame (see FIG. 1).
The upper end of 34 is loosely connected within a forked end ofhorizontal lever 34", which latter lever (34") is pivoted by a verticalpivot at an intermediate point to the frame. The upper end of the lever32 is likewise loosely connected within another forked end of lever 34";so that when the top of lever 32 inclines rightward, then the top of theother shifter lever 34" inclines leftward pulling the cap 34' to theright (in FIG. 1) by the two lower ends of the shifter lever 34.
Now since the cap has a conical inner surface, it presses the ends 35and 35 of the pawls 35 and 35' at the opposite side of the fulcrums 35and 35 keeping the pawls from the ratchet teeth 36, disengages theclutch against the force of the springs 35;, and 35 so that if the cap34 is moved rightward by the shifter lever 34, the pawl ends become freeand the pawls will soon engage with the ratchet teeth by the aid of thesprings 35 and 35 thus engaging the clutch in action.
After the clutch has been engaged as above, the cam 14 and its holder 22are moved further upward, consequently the rack 29 rotates the shaft 37through the toothed wheel 30. Then there are provided the associatedearns 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 arranged as a multiple sectioned drum 38 atthe other end of the shaft 37 and these cams face the acting rodsrespectively to actuate the following limit switches:
1the limit switch for changing rough cut to finish cut,
2the limit switch for relieving oil pressure within the oil cylinder 26,
3the limit switch for starting main electric motor, and
accompanying action,
4the limit switch for setting the upper limit of the motion of the cam14, and accompanying action,
the limit switch for settling the lower limit of the motion of the cam14, and accompanying action.
Thus there are five kinds of limit switches. The second switch is firstactuated by cam 40 and acting rod 2. An impulse from the second switchopens an exhaust valve, which permits relief of pressure within oilcylinder 26, allowing the saddle 11 to return to its original position.Then the third switch is actuated by cam 41 and acting rod 3 to startthe main electric motor (not illustrated).
If the main electric motor starts, its motion is transmitted from theshaft 44, through the toothed wheel 45 fixed thereto, to the toothedwheel 46 which is fixed on the sleeve fitted idly on the shaft 37, andfurther transmitted to rotate the toothed wheels 47 and 48, fixed on thesame sleeve, to the opposite direction with the shaft 44. Then theformer toothed wheel 47 rotates the toothed wheel 49 at the left-handside of the differential gear mechanism, while the latter toothed wheel48, through the toothed wheel 50 supported on the counter shaft C,rotates the toothed wheel 51 at the right-hand side of the samedifferential gear mechanism at the opposite direction compared to thedirection of rotation of the toothed wheel 49. Thus the pinion shaft 52at the middle of the same differential gear mechanism is rotated at aconsiderably reduced speed compared to that of the shaft 44.
The rotating motion thus reduced is transmitted, through the shaft 53upon which the pinion shafts are fixed, the toothed wheel 54 fixed onthe same shaft, the toothed wheel 55 fitted idly on the shaft 37 andpawls 35, 35', to the ratchet teeth 36 and therefore the shaft 37carrying the same ratchet teeth. Thus the shaft 37, through the toothedwheel 30 and the rack 29, drives the cam 14 in the reverse direction.
The clutch here used is purposely of ratchet type because it is neededto engage in one direction only; that is to say, the shaft 37 mustrotate freely when it is rotated by the oil pressure through the rack 29and the toothed wheel 30 and moreover the clutch must engage when themain electric motor starts and the cam 14 is driven in the reversedirection through the clutch and the gearing stated above. Thedifferential gearing is utilized for getting a large degree of speedreduction in a comparatively narrow space.
When the main electric motor starts as already described, the mechanismwhich transmits a special combined motion of rotation and reciprocationto the cutter spindle, also starts. And according to the upward motionof the cam 14, the cutting of teeth upon the work will proceed with atfirst one turn of rough cut, and then a finish out following. Suchchange of cut is made by the action of a change gear (not illustrated),for changing the position of the cutter saddle through the cam 14 by thelimit switch No. 1 actuated by the cam 39.
When the cam 14 reaches its up stroke end, the cutting of the teeth mustbe entirely finished. The limit switch No. 4 will control such point ofup stroke, being actuated by the cam 42. At the same time, the mainelectric motor is stopped by cutting olf the electric current and theoil cylinder 26 is actuated by the same limit switch to move the cam 14down.
When the cam 14 reaches its lowest position, which position has beencontrolled by the limit switch No. 5 actuated by the cam 43, the samelimit switch 5 cuts off the oil pressure to the oil cylinder 26 andstarts another oil cylinder 18 for making the cutter saddle 11 retire toits leftward stroke end to complete one cycle of gear cutting. At thatposition the Work is removed and next work is put on the work spindlefor starting a new cutting again.
The manners of the motion of the saddle 11 and the cam 14 are plotted inFIG. 6, in which the time T and the distance of movement L are shown onabscissa and ordinate respectively. In the diagram, Sdll means thesaddle 11, while 01114 the cam 14. And 0 means the term of oil pressuredrive while P that of positive drive.
Annexed is the simple explanation of the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8on the curve Sdll as well as the points a, b, c, d, e on the curve Cm14.
1The position of the saddle at its most remote place from the work,
2The position of the saddle when a limit switch actuated by the actingrod 19 brakes the oil cylinder 18,
3The position of the saddle when a limit switch actuated by the actingrod 20 cuts off the oil pressure to the oil cylinder 18,
4The position of the saddle when the cam 14 begins to move the saddletoward the work for rough cutting, just before, the oil drive is changedto positive drive,
5Rough cut begins,
6Rough cut is changed to finish cut,
7After the cutting has been finished, the retirement of the saddle bythe oil cylinder 18 begins,
8-The saddle retired at its initial starting position.
a The down stroke end from which the cam 14 is pushed up by the oilcylinder 26,
b The oil cylinder 26 is braked by the limit switch actuated by theacting rod 33, soon after, its oil pressure is cut off and positivedrive begins by the actuation of the limit switch actuated by cam 41,
c Rough cut is changed to finish cut,
d At the up stroke end, the cutting completes, and the cutter stops, atthe same time the cam 14 is moved down by the oil cylinder 26,
e The oil cylinder 26 sops and the cam 14 returns at the initialposition.
As may be seen in the diagram, the cam 14 and the cutter saddle 11 aredriven at high speed by high oil pressures when the saddle approaches toor is withdrawn from the work, so that the idle time is greatly reduced.But on the other hand when the real cutting is practiced, they are movedby a positive driving at a low speed and fixed precision, so that aprecise cut can be ensured.
Also since all cutting steps are controlled completely andautomatically, the efliciency will be enormously increased.
It is understood that suitable modifications may be made in thestructure as disclosed, provided such modifications come within thespirt and scope of the appended claims. Having now therefore fullyillustrated and described my invention, what I claim to be new anddesire to protect by Letters Patent is:
In an automatic electrically driven gear shaper wherein a cutter ispowered for cutting action and a cutter saddle is moved horizontally andradially toward and from the vertically fixed axis of a worktablemounted in a fixed frame and carrying a workpiece, hydraulic systemmeans for driving said saddle at high speeds during both its preliminarystrokes wherein it approaches the work cutting position, and during itsfinal strokes wherein it retires after cutting is completed, saidhydraulic system means including a horizontal axis hydraulic cylinderfixed to the frame, and carrying therewithin a piston and a cylinder rodwith an outer end of the latter fixed directly to a portion of saidcutter saddle, whereby said cylinder rod and cutter saddle moveunitarily and simultaneously with respect to said frame, and slowerspeed positive acting mechanical drive means for the saddle including avertically movable side face cam mounted on the frame, and a horizontalmotion transmission bar between and contacting the cam and saddle, saidmechanical drive means operable upon the cutter saddle with a slowerfeeding motion during the intermediate stroke between the preliminaryand the final strokes when said hydraulic means have been inactivated,the interchange in drive means from hydraulic to mechanical and viceversa being accomplished by means including a unitary multiple sectionedrotating drum cam with stationary horizontal axis, and located in anexposed accessible position at one end of the gear shaper, whichsequentially operates a plurality of acting rods, each rod controlling alimit switch, the sequence of action of the limit switches aiding in theprogramming of the control of the electric drive, the powering of thecutter, and the rotating of the workpiece, the requisite pressures inthe hydraulic system and the operative relationships of the positiveacting mechanical drive means.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,198,882 4/1940Monroe -10 2,374,901 5/1945 Sneed 90-1O 2,749,805 6/1956 Kendall 90-72,975,681 3/1961 Wildhaber 90-10 3,021,765 2/1962 Cobb 907 ANDREW R.JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.
LEON PEAR, Examiner.
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2024-03-22
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1961-11-13
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1965-11-23"
}
|
US-36847140-A
|
Plow
1944- c. G. STRANDLUND 2,339,225
PLOW Filed D60. 4, 1940 I I 5 Sheets-Sheet l 33|3| I .CARLG? R N D Jan.11, 1944.
, FIG. 2
c; a. STRANDLUND PLOW Filed Dec. 4, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 22 INVENTOR:CARL G. STRA I ATTORNEYS.
1944- c. G. STRANDLUND 2,339,225
PLOW
Filed Dec. 4, 1940 v r 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR:
. ARL e. STRANDLUNDY 4 1}; .AT ORNEYS.
c. G. STRANDLUND 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 mum M l lllllll -Yl: I'll!!! Jan.11,1944.
mmm i-| ||\ll m m 5% 2% (I' ,6 llllllllllllllllllll 4 Em Wm QM.
Patented Jan. 11,
PLOW
Carl 6. Strandlund, Moline, 111.; as slgnor to Dam & Company; Moline,111., a corporation of Illinois A plication December 4, 1940, Serial No.363,4 4101511115. (01,9747): r 4 h I This invention relates generally toagricultural implements and more particularly to tractormounted plows,in which the tractor itself serves as the supporting frame of the plow.
- The object and general nature of this invention is the provision of anintegral mounted plow having two furrow openers and especially adaptedfor use in small fields, close to fences and the like,
and at other places where easy maneuverability and short turns arerequired.
Another feature of this invention is the provision of a mounted plow inwhich the front furrow opener is disposed in front'of the rear wheels ofthe tractor and the rear furrow opener is disposed rearwardly of therear wheels. In this connection it is also a feature of this inventionto so mount the plow bodies and the tool-beam to which they areconnected so that all side thrust is taken by the tractor itself. Also,it is a feature of this invention to mount the furrow openers so thatthe thrust reaction is imposed, longitudinally'of the tractor,substantially at the rear axle. By virtue ofthis relation, the sidethrust is imposed on the tractor at a point where the vertical wheelloading is substantially the greatest and alsoat a point where steeringwill not be'afiected. However, in this connection, it isa furtherfeature of the present invention to mount the plow on the tractor andconnect the same thereto so that'the front wheel loading will beincreased, thereby inwhether a diskor a'moldboard plow bottom, or
any other type of furrow opener, is connected with the tractorsubstantially midway between the front and rear wheels thereof and topermit the rear end of the tool-beam, together with the associated rearfurrow opener, to swing generally relative to the tractor. Also, it is afeature of .this invention to provide a disk plow in which the draftconnections are arranged so that there is an excessdownward pressure'atthe front disk, over andabove that required for penetration; such excessbeing loaded onto the front end of the tractor,
thereby aiding steering. Further, it is a feature:
of, this invention to provide a floating balloonnected at its forwardends with the tractor at points below thepointiwhere the intermediateportion of the bail isconnected with the tool beam, whereby there is adownward component of force on the tool beam by virtue of the down- Yward inclination ofthe line of pull.
I Still further, another feature of this invention is theprovision ofimproved lifting connections creasing the steering effectiveness of thetractor.
one mounted in front of the rear tractor wheels and the other mountedrearwardly thereof. It
is also a feature of this invention to provide draft connections betweenthe tractor and the tool beam supporting the two disks so that there isa component of the draft pull tending to force the disks into the groundand to maintain them in their working position. It is a further featureof this invention to provide draft connections by which the draft pullis applied to the tool beam between the front and-rear disks,and tolimit the penetration of the rear disk by the use of a gauge wheel andto limit the penetrationof the front disk by suitable connections with.the tractor, whereby the tractor wheels serve as gauging means for thefront disk. In this connection it is a still further feature to providea plow of this type with moldboard openers, in which suitable tlon'isthe provision of means for shifting the tool beam laterally relative tothe tractor'so as to ,for an integrally mounted two-bottom plow in whichthe rear furrow opener is raised out, of the ground substantially at thesamepoint thereon at which the front furrow opener was lifted.
Another important featureof thepresent invention is the provision of anintegral plow with a sturdy guide wheel disposed laterally so asito runin the last previously opened furrow, with connections so that the guidewheel may, when necessary, be arranged to take some of the downwardpressure at the, front furrow opener and.
moreover, serve actually. to hold. the tractor against tipping. Anotherfeaturejof this =:invencompensate for creeping of the tractor ona'hillside-or in other words, a lateral adjustment is provided toparallel the tool beam with the line of travel. In this connection, itis still another feature of the invention to provide means for adjustingthe angle of each disk individually and to automatically retain theproper position of the disk scraper relative to the disk in any adjust dp sition thereof.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will beapparent to those skilled in the art afte'ra consideration ofthe-following detailed description, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings illustrating the preferred form of the invention.
In the drawings; 7 Figure 1 is aplan view of a disk plow in which boardbottoms are used;
' front wheels The latter is of conventional construction and is theprinciples of the present invention have been incorporated;
Figure 2 is a side view .of the plow shown in Figure 1; r
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the front end 7 of the plow beam,showing in particular the connections between the front end of the plowbeam and the tractor, also the front guide wheel;
Figurei is a perspective view showing the rear end construction of theplow;
Figure 4A is a perspective view showing one form of attachment for thefurrow openers;
Figure 5 is a plan view of a modified form of the present invention,using moldboard furrow openers instead of disks as shown in Figures 1and 2; a
Figure 6 is a side view of the implement shown in Figure 5;
Figure '7 is a generally along fragmentary sectional view, taken theline 1-1 of Figure 5, showing the means for leveling the tool beam whenmold- Figure 8 is a plan view disk plow embodying the principles of thepresent invention;
Figure 9 is a side view of the implement shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line Iii-40ofFigure 9;-
Figure 10A is a view similar to Figure 10, showing therelative movementpermitted between the guide wheel support and the guide wheel supportbracket; and
Figure 11 is a view taken along the line ii-II of Figure 8. I
Referring now more particulariyto Figures 1 and'2, thetractor isindicated in its entirety the reference numeral 1 and, in order to-showthe construction'of the plow beam and associated parts, is shown indotted lines in Figure l. The tractor i is ofthe well-known tricycletype having 2 and rear wheels '3 and 4 secured, respectively, to axleshafts 5 and! mounted for rotation in extensions axle, indicatedbythereference numeral 9. The tractor l also'includes a source of power Inmounted" on' or *forming a part of the tractor frame H, thelatterincluding spaced apart side frame bars I! (Figure 3);
The implement proper is indicated by the refof a modified form of ceivedin a disk spindle bearing assembly 32,
which includes upper and lower plates 33 and 34 which are apertured toreceive and are welded to a. tubular bearing member 35, the upper end ofwhich is welded to a disk spindle adjusting arm 36. The plates 33 and 34are spaced apart the vertical dimension of the rear end of the main barl6 and are apertured, as is the rear end of the bar It, to receive apair of attaching bolts 31. The disk standard 3| is received Within thetubular bearing portion 35 of the spindle assembly 32 and has its upperend projecting therefrom. This end is provided with a short taper square31a upon which they square socket end 38 of a disk angling arm 39 isfixed, as by a nut 40. The arm 33 extends beyond the arm 36 to receivescraper supporting means which will be described below. The arm 36 isprovided with a plurality of holes to receive a bolt 44. The latter maybeinserted in any one of the several holes 42 in the arm 38 I and 8 ofthe tractor rear. 7
'erence numeral l5 and includes a-tool'beafn or v main bar 1 8 having agenerally longitudinally exil and a rearwardly and iat- V 'erailyoutwardly extendingrear end i8. the in.-1
the bar]! being bent sub--. in Figure 1."- As best shown p in Figure 2,the front end i1 is connected-to the .j J scraper. 59 moves with thedisk and no main body of the bar tending front end termediate portion ofstantially as shown Figure l, the tool bar wellbeyond the central whilethe rear end extends rearwardly of the rear wheels 3 and 4. According tothe present inven-' tion two furrow openers are fixed to' the bar it,the front opener being 7 and laterally outwardly directed section 2| ofthe bar it while the rear furrow opener is fixed to the laterally andrearwardly directed section 18, the sections l8 and 2| extendingsubstantially in parallelism. Preferably, the furrow openers are in theform of disks, but they may be moldboard bottoms or any other suitableground working tools if desired.
Therear furrow. opener consists of a disk 25.
l 8' by a downwardly and.. rearwardly inclined section 20'. As bestshown in It extends between the rear" wheelsi and 4 and the frontend ofthe bar lies portion of the tractor 3,
secured to a rearwardly and so hold the disk 25 at the desired angle. Ifit should benecessary to change this angle, all that it is necessary todo is to remove the bolt 44 and insert it in one of the other holes 42in the adjusting arm 36, whereby the angling'arm 39 is fixed in its newposition.
The front furrow opener is also a disk, indicated by the referencenumeral 45, and the same is mounted onto the front section 2! of thetool beam or bar I6 by a spindle. assembly and associated parts of thesame construction as just described. Therefore, identical parts havebeen indicatedbythe same reference numerals.
. Each of the disks 25 and 45 is provided with -a I scraper assembly 50,Each includes a'blade 5| secured to a generally vertically disposedstandard 52. The lower end of the latter is flattened and issecured, asby bolts 53, totheblade 5i. 'Each'standard or shank 52 is receivedwithin a pair of generally semi-spherical pivots 55 which are flrmlyheld between a clamp arm 58 and a clamp cap 51, the latter being boltedto the arm 56,-as shown at 58. The clamparm 56 is secured .j by bolts 59to the outer end of the disk angling arm 39 associated therewith. Hence,whenever thebolt .44 is removed and the disk given a new 'anglebyshiftingthevarm 33 relative to the arm new adjustment of the latter isnecessary. However, bylvirtue'of the ball and socketmounting of thescraper standard 32 on the clamp arm II, thescrape'r'blade 51 may besecured in any necessary position, relative to thedisk itself.
: The plow beam i6 is connected with the tractor at both its forward andrear ends. At its front -ca.1 movement betweenthe legs El and 62 of 8-end the tool bar or beam "is mounted for vertiframe bar guide, indicatedin its entiretyby the reference numeral 63. The latter comprises a strapmember formed with the legs 6i and 32 and with laterally outturned ends64 and 85, which are apertured and receive a closure strap 86, thelatter being secured to the ends 64 and 65 by bolts 61 and 68. A bracketsection II is welded, as at 12,.to the upper portion of the guide 63 andis bolted, as at 69 and 10, to the frame angle frame angle opposite theangle I2.
I2 of the tractor. -"I'he bracket II is extended ed. The lever I3 formsa part of depth adjusting mechanism indicated in its entirety by thereference numeral 80. A shortsleevejJS is pivoted, as at I5, to thedepth adjusting lever 13 and receives the upper end of a depth adjustingrod 11. The upper end of the latter is threaded and carries an adjustingnut I8 limiting the'downward movementof the rod 11 in the'pivot sleeveI5. The lower end of the depth adjusting-rod TI is provided with an eyewhich is connected by a pin 19 to two plates 8| and 82 which are bolted,as at 83. to opposite sides of the tool beam I 6, as best shown inFigure 3. The plates 8| and 82 form a part of the guide wheel structure,indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 84, which will bedescribed below.
The depth adjusting lever I3, swinging about the pivot 14, moves/along asector or ratchet member 85, one end of which is bolted. as at 86. tothe tractor and the other end of which is bolted, as at 81, to a pair ofbraces 88 and 89, the latter being bolted to the tractor at any I,bearing assembly 32 to the tool bar I6. A sector I rearwardly, as.atHo, and receives the pivot bolt I3I is welded to the'plate I 29 and isnotched for I4 on which a depth adjusting lever 13 is mount-,-'
suitable point while the link 88 is connected with cooperation withdetentrmechanism I32 which is carried by a gauge wheel adjusting leverI33. The latter is provided with an enlarged lower end which is pivotedon the gauge :wheel crank axle I21 and above the lower end is aperturedto receive a bolt I34 which is adapted to be in-'.
way, swinging the front depth adjusting lever "I3 in one direction orthe other raises or lowers the front end of the tool beam, and hence thefront furrow opener, relative to the tractor, the wheels of which may beconsidered as serving as gauge wheels for the front furrow opener:
The tractor is connected with the tool beam I5 by draft and stabilizingconnections indicated generally'by the reference numeral I 40; Suchconnections include, first, a bail pivoted to" the tractor for swingingmovement, and second,
' laterally shiftable means connecting the. tool an adjusting bolt84,is' fixed, the lower end of V brace 98, one end of which is securedto the guide 53 by the bolt 68 and the other end of which is secured bya bolt 99 to the tractor The spring 95 serves to counterbalance theweight 'of the parts connected through the depth adjusting rod 11 to thelever I3.
A guidewheel H0 is bolted, as at III, to a wheel bearing member II2which is journaled on the lower outturned end II 3 of a guide wheelcrank axle N5, the upper laterally inwardly directed portion of which isreceived for rocking movement in a sleeve IIG which is'pas'sed throughopenings in and weldedfto the plates M and 82 that'are boltedtwthexfrorit'end of the tool bar IS. The sleeve 8 extends laterallyo'utwardly a substantial distance and at its outer end has weldedthereto a sector III adthe sector Hi. .When unlatched'the lever II8 maybe swing in one direction-or the other to raise or lower the guide wheelIIII. Thecrank axle II 5 is held in place in'the sleeve H8 by a quickdetachable pin or the like.
A gauge wheel I25 is mounted at the rear of v the tractor alongside therear furrow opener. Thd'rear gauge wheel is fixed toa bearing memberI25,'which may be identical with the bearingmember IIZ/fer'the frontguide wheel III), and the beefing member I26 is mounted on the laterallyouter end of a gauge'wheel crank axle I21, the inner end of which isreceived in a. sleeve I28 that is welded or otherwise fixed to a plateI29 that is bolted to the rear end I8 of the tool bar I5 by the samebolts 31 that secure the rear plates 33 and '34 "of the rear spindlebeam I6 to the bail.. Asa result of this-construction', the rear end ofthe plow may-rise .and fall, by virtue of'the swinging bail connection,yet receive full forward draft from the tractor -at allytimes. v V
The bail member is *indicated in its entirety by the reference numeralHI and comprisesa frame ball I42 having a forwardly extending leg I43,which normally extends. forwardly and downwardlm as best shown in Figure2, anda socket andsecured to the frame bail'I42 by a nut I 46. Thebracket I45 is secured' to thebail 7 be described below. The forwardends of the two arm sections'I4-3 and I44 of the bail I are plvotallyconnected; as by quick detachable'pins I5I, to the lower ends of a pairof bail hangers I52, each consisting of a hanger plate I53 and a pair ofvertically disposed spaced apart straps I54 depending therefrom andwelded theretoor otherw se secured'at their upper ends to theassociated'hanger plate I53. A pin -I55 and a bushing I56 is used tomaintain the lower ends of each pair of hanger straps I54 in the desiredconsists of a sleeve or pipe member I6l to which is welded or otherwisefixed a pair of hanger plates I62 and I68, spaced apart and dependingfrom the sleeve I6I.-v The plates I62 and I63 are adapted to receive therear end H of the tool bar I6,'andto this end are apertured to receivebolts I64 and I85 which pass,'respectively, across the lower and uppersides of the bar I6, as best shown in Figure 2. The central bail sectionI42 is rockably received within and serves to support the sleeve 'I6I. Asmall bracket I66 is, welded to the laterally inner hanger plate I62 andis apertured.
of which extends downwardly and is received in an opening in ahorizontally swlngable bell crank Ill. The latter is pivotally mountedin a barrel section I16 that is formed on the bracket I45, the
bell crank I13 having a pin' IISwelded theretoand extending through thebarrel section I15. A cotter pin or the like is passed through a hole inthe lower -end of the pin I16 to retain the bell crank I18 in position.A link I'II has a downtumed end I18 inserted into an opening inone armof the bell crank .I'I3and is extended forwardly andat its forward endis provided with a laterally inturned portion which is extended througha clip I19 fixed to a landinglever' I88. The latter is pivoted on a boltI8I that is carried at the lower portion of the sector I48, which isfixed to the bail arm I by the bolts I", as described above. The leverI80 carries detent mechanism I82 which cooperates with the sector 8, tohold the lever in any position of adjustment. The ball hangers I52 arereenforoed by a hanger brace I85 which is bolted at its rear end, as'atI56, to the associated hanger bracket and at its forward end isconnected, as bya bolt I81, to an angle bracket I88 bolted to theforward sides of the associated rear axle housing.
Suitable. lifting mechanism is provided whereby l the front disk israised before the rear disk, the
arrangement being such that in normal plowing gear, the rear disk is notraiseduntil it reaches the point at which thefront disk was raised. Thetractor.I is provided with a power lift unit by actuating the tractorpower lift I80 to swing threaded and screwed into a sleeve III, a lugI12 A indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral I98 andincluding a rock shaft I9I to which'an arm I92 is fixed. The outer endof the arm I92 5 isconnected by a link I83'to a lifting bell crank Ill.The latter is pivoted, as at I95, to the upper end of the right-handangle bracket I88, and to I this end the latter is provided witha bellcrank bearing sleeve I96 (Figure l). The forward end v of the bell crankI94 is apertured to receive a pin I98 which is inserted in. any pair ofa plurality of pairs of holes formed in a lifting chain clevis I89. Alifting chain 2III is connected at its upper end to the clevis I99 andat its lower end is connected by a clevis 202 to, a tool beam bracket203, the latter consisting of upper and lower strap. members 204 and 205connected together by bolts disposed on opposite sidesof the tool barI6, forwardly of the center of gravityof I the tool beam and the furrowopeners and associated parts. The tractor power lift unit I88 includes apedal 286 or some other part by which the operation of the power liftunit In may be controlled. When the arm I92 swings rearwardis. the bellcrank I64 exerts apull through the the arm I92 forwardly, the partsmoving into the positions shown in Figure 2. Fromthis figure it willbeseen that as the tractor is driven forwardly the pull which istransmitted from the tractor to the implement through thebail MI isexerted in the downward direction, so that there is a downward componentof the. draft exerted the gauge wheel I25. In effect, therefore, the'dow nward component of the draft pull acts to swing the tool beam I8 ina clockwise direction about the rear gauge wheel I25, thereby securingpenetration of the front disk. In addition, the forward component of thedraft pull, as exerted through the bail Ill, also insures that the frontdisk will penetrate, since the center of soil pressure against it isbelow the horizontal component of the forward pull. The penetration ofthe front diskis, however, limited by the connections between the frontend of the tool bar I6 and the lifting lever, I3, which is adjustablyfixed in position on the tractor, auxiliary adjustment being availableby the nut 18. In effect, therefore, the
tractor itself serves as a gauge wheel for the front disk, inasmuch asthe penetration of the front disk is controlled by the position of thedepth adjusting lever 13 on the tractor. Normally, the front end of thebeam I8 is about in the central part of the slotted bracket 68, midwaybetween the lower strap 66 and the upper bumper 2Ill.--
As one result of this arrangement some of the downward component'of thedraft pull, which maintains operating depth at the front tool, isimposed through the link 11 and the lever I3 onv the tractor forward .ofthe drive wheels, and hence the loading on the front steering wheels 2is increased. Not'only does this tend to prevent the tra'ctor'fromrising at the front end but, in addition, it enables the operator tosteer the tractor at all times,inasmuch as the front wheels 2 bearfirmly on the ground. If desired, the guide wheel III), which runs inthe last previously opened furrow, may be so adjusted, as shown inFigure 2, that it does not engage the bottom of the furrow but operatesprincipally against the side wall of the furrow and is effective to keepthe tractor from drifting landward away from the furrow. In this case,therefore, all of the guide wheel IIII may be lowered until it runs onthe bottom of the furrow and'relieves the tractor of some of thedownward pressure. Thus, the operator is enabled to adjust the implementfor the conditions encountered. In soft ground, therefore, where theresidual downward pressure on the tractor may be considerable, the guidewheel H may be utilized to-sustain a part, if notguide wheel I I0 mayberaised into a position out of contact with the bottom of the furrow, sothat there is some additional loading, other than the static weight ofthe tractor, imposed on the front wheels. The front end I1 of the toolbeam I6 is free to move upwardly in the guide 63. Hence, if the frontdisk 45 encounters anobstruction, it can roll over the same due to theupward movement permitted.
Since the front and rear tools 25 and 45 are disks, there is sidethrustwhich must be taken care of. It will be seen from Figure 2 thatthe front and rear disks are arranged approximately equal distances infront of and in rear of the tractor rear axle. imposed on the tractorsubstantiallyin line with the rear axle. This is where most of theweight of the tractor is borne, and hence this is the part of thetractor best adapted to sustain this side thrust. Moreover, beingimposed substantially at a point in the transverse vertical plane of therear axle, the steering of they tractor is unaffected by the-presence ofsuch side thrust. Moreover,
if conditions should be such that the effective point of side thrust mayvary fore andaft of the rear axle, the additional loading on the frontwheels, mentioned above, enables the farmer to maintain an accuratesteering'at all times.
When operating on a hillside where the furrow is usually turned downhill, the guidewheel H0 serves a dual function, and is an importantfeature of this implement. As best shown in Figure 1, the guide wheel H0is disposed laterally outwardly a considerable distance from the line Iwhich extends from the front wheels? to the right-hand rear wheel 3,this being the line about ing the tractor uphill, which means that thelongitudinal axis of the tractor is disposed at'an angle to the actualline of travel. necessary to maintain the longitudinal axis of the plowin the same direction as the line of travel in order to secure a uniformwidth of out. Therefore, according to the present irivehtionQI have Iprovided means for shifting'the rear end of the tool beam laterallyrelative tothe tractor in or-- der to line up the plow with the line oftravel.
As will be clear from-Figure 1, swinging the landing lever I30 in onedirection or the other will act through the bell crank H3 and link I68"to shift.
the bracket I60 along the bail HI, thereby shiftmg the rear end of thetool beam and enabling Therefore, the side thrust is the farmerto Y keepthe same aligned with the:
line of travel., This arrangement also permits the farmer to vary thewidth of cut, as desired, either when operating on a hillside oroperating on a level. Further, the dislm may be individual- 1y adjustedby removing the'bolt 44 and inserting it in one of the other holesformed 'in'the arm 36; With the individual disk adjustment and thealigning adjustment just described, the implement of the presentinvention isa flexible outfit and may be adjusted to accommodateanycondition that may be encountered.
Referring again to Figure 2 it will be seenthat,
in effect, the tool beam l6 is'pivoted at its front end for generallyvertical swinging movement operate above the bottom of the furrow, thenthe vertically relative to the tractor.
which the tractor might tend to tilt, clue to the slope of the hill andthe downward pun of the furrow openers on the tractor, which areaccumulative so far as the front furrow opener is concerned, since thisis disposed to the right of the line 1. When operating under conditionsof this kind it is usually desirable to adjust the guide wheel H0 sothatit runs along the bottom of the previously opened furrow, and thustakes a considerable part of the downward pressure at the front disk.However, if the slope of the hill should be steep enough that thetractor itself tends to tip laterally, the gauge Wheel H0 and associatedparts, which are of adequate strength to sustain the weight of thetractor, prevent the latter from tipping over. As will be clear fromFigure 3, if the tractor should start to tip, the
bumper 20! moves downwardly into engagement with the front end of thetool beam l6, after about a generally transverse axis. That is, if theguide wheel H0 operates along the bottom of the furrow, the axis justmehtioned is defined bythe guide wheel itself. If the latter is adjustedto axis is defined by the connections between the front end of the beaml6 and the tractor which permits such vertical movement. During suchpivotal movement the bail HI swings generally This arrangement, ineffect, provides a plow which can float relative to the tractor and hasthe importantad-J I vantage that uniform plowing depth is ,maintainedeven though the tractor passes over ridges or across gullies,depressions and the like. Since v the front tool is gauged from thetractor and is disposed substantiallymidway between the front. I andrear wheels of the tractor, as the latter crosses a depression theplowing depth at the front tool is substantially unaffected, except asthe point between the tractor wheels is slightly lower I than the pointswhere the tractor wheels engage the ground. This diiferenceis, however,immaterial. The rear tool 'is permittedto'swing upwardly by virtue ofthepivoted bail connection, whereby the plowing depth at the reartool-as de-- termined by the rear gauge wheel I25 is maintained eventhough the plow as a whole is disposed at a considerable angle in avertical direction relative to the-tractor. As will be obvious, the plowaccommodates the opposite condition, namely, passing over a ridge, insubstantially the i same way, except that the bail swings downwardlyinstead of upwardly. Mention was made above of the fact that by virtueof the swinging bail connection at the rear, the beam IS, in effect,swings about a transverse axis adjacent its forward end.
However, it may alsobe considered that the tool i beam swings about atransverse axis at the rear end thereof so far as securing adequatepenetra tion of the front disk is concerned, I such rear transverse axisbeing defined by the engagement of the rear gauge wheel I25 with theground, in
which case the draft transmitting bail is ar- It is, of course,
To detach the plow from the tractor all that it is necessary to do is toremove the two pivot pins I 5 I which preferably are of the quickdetachable type'and disconnect either of the clevises I or 202. Next,the. three bolts 31 fixing the forwarddisk unit to the front end of thebeam will be removed and the disk, together with the scraper and angleadiustinga'rms, placed to one side out of the path .of travel of theright-hand rear tractor wheel. Then eitherthe upper or lower end of thedepth adjusting rod 11 will be disconnected from the associated part,and lastly, the quick detachable pin at the laterally inner endcof thecrank axle H5 is removed, whereupon the guide wheel I I and the lever II8 can be shifted outwardly and away from the path of'travel of theright-hand rear tractor wheel. The tractor can then be driven forwardlyover the front end of the beam I6, which then rests on the: ground afterit drops from the slotted bracket '82. i, v
It is usually preferable beforedisconnecting the plow to swing the gaugewheel I25 down into contact with the ground so that the rear end of theplow will rest on the rear furrow opener and the rear. gauge wheel I25in upright position.
the tractor. 2 7 g when connecting the plow-to thetractorvsubstantially' the above described steps repeated. First. thetractor is backed intoposition with the front end of the. tool beam onthe slotted bracket 58. With onecof the bolts 61, it removed and theother loosened, the bar 65 may be swung to one side and the beam I 8lifted Next, the front diskand guide wheel are attached, and then theforward ends of the bail I52. This may be easily'accomplished in thismanner. Remembering that the rear endof the plow is resting on the'rearjdisk and the rear gauge'wheei I25, swinging the lever I23 servesto tilt the ball I laterally. The bail I may be raised and loweredbodily about its axis ofconnection at the bracket I50 by'swingin'g thelanding lever I80but leaving it connected to the sector I48. Further, byunlatching the lever I82 bail itself may be shifted laterally in thebracket the exact position when it is driven into place, the bail I4Imay be-shifted latera1ly,'tilted and/or,
the proper connection at the pivots I5I.
the present invention havejbeen shown asincorporated in a disk plow,this invention is not to be limited to the use. of. disk type furrowopeners, sincemoldboard plow bottoms or any other type of furrow openersmay be used where desired. For example, in Figures 5 and 6 there isshown a plow constructed according to the principles of the presentinvention, using moldboard plow bottoms. Such modified format the pres-'ent invention will now be described.
The moldboard plow attachment is indicated in its entirety by thereference numeral 2 I5 and This is to facilitate reattaching theimplement to ground substantially directly underneath the into the spacebetween the-arms of the bracket eb y the rear co ter is the same as thefront 22. Then the bar SS'isiixed in position and the depth adjustingrod 11 attached to the beam,
arms can be attached to, the hanger brackets from the sector I48 andswinging the lever, the
I60. Thus, even though the tractor is notin swung vertically asdesiredin order to enact While, as described above, the principles ofassaaas includes atool beam or main bar III having a front end 2" and arear end 2| 8 disposed generally in the same horizontal plane, with theintermediate portion of-the bar, as at 2", being the construction-shownin Figures 1 to 4, the tool bar extends between the rear wheels 2 and 4of a tractor, the front furrow opener being indicated at 225 andcomprising a moldboard plow bottom fixed to a standard 226, the upperend of which is secured by a U-bolt 221 and an attaching casting 228 tothe front end portion of the tool bar 2". As best shown in Figure 5, thefront plow bottom 225 is disposed directly forward of the rear tractorwheel 3. The rear The plow beam 2| is connectedwith the trac-' tor atthe front end of the beam 2| 5 by means of a frame bar guide which isthe same as the guide 52 described above, and therefore the samereference numerals have been used. A
forwardly and laterally outwardly disposed brackat 235 is fixed to thefront end portion of the beam M5 and receives a colterstandard 225.
m The latter is fastened by a bolt 23'! to the bracket lower bent end ofthe standard 232 and rotatably Ls-provided for the rear plow bottom 22I, and pref- In Figures 5 and 6, the tractor I is provided with a pairof bail hangers, which may be iden- The ball hangers are adapted topivotally receive the forward end portions of a bail member which meralsas in Figures 1 to 4. However, the means connecting the tool beam to thebail is slightly different. In this form of the invention, a sleeve 254is slidably mounted on the, central bail portion I42 and is adapted tobe shifted laterally relative to the tractor by any suitable means,under the control of the operator on the tractor, such as the link I58,the hand lever I80, and associated part asshown in Figures 1, 2 and 4.However, in the form of the invention shown in .Figures 5 to 7, the plowbeam is not fixed directly to the sleeve 254, as is the arrangementshown in Figure 1 et al. but, instead, carries a pair of interconnectedplates 251 connected together by a strap 255 and fixed, as by a setscrew 256, to the rear end of the plow beam 2I6. The shiftable sleeve254 lies between the lower part of the plates 251 and includes anapertured lug 252 through which a pivot bolt 259 carried by the plates251 extends. To land the plow bottoms 225 and 23I, an adjusting crankscrew 263 is anchored, as by a pair of collars 264, to an extension 265of the forward plate 255. The other 15 end of the orank'screw 263threads into a nut bent to clear the rear axleextension 1. Likeplowbottom is indicated by-the reference nu- I 2I8 of the beam 2 in the sameway. Hence,
235 by a clamp casting22l and the latter is fa's-. t'ened by, a bolt 22!to one side of the bar 2". By loosening, the bolt'2l1, the standard 222maybe rotated, to a new position or shifted generally vertically, asdesired. ,A yoke 2' is fixed to the receives a rolling colter. 242. Therolling colter 242 is disposed in the plane of the landside face of thefront furrow opener 225. A rear colter -tical with the bail hangers I52described above.
I tical with those shown in g ..The front end of the beam 7 'wheel withadjusting mechanism therefor, and the frame-bar M6 is connected itsforward end "with depth adjusting mechanism, but since these main bar "Iof approxlmatelythe configuramember 23'! carried between a pair of lugs200 on the sleeve 2". Thus, by turning the crank screw 203 in onedirection or the other. the tool beam 2" may be rocked laterally on theball I. In this form of the invention the link I may be connected to theshiftable' sleeve 2 by a bracket 200 welded to the latter. l
The rear gauge wheel for this form of plow is preferably identical tothe gauge wheel unit shown in Figures 1 and z and described above. Aplate l20a (Figure is fixed to the rear end of the beam 2|6 by bolts31:; and receives the 'other parts of the gauge means which are for thesake of clarity indicated by the same reference numerals since suchparts are identical. In Figure 6, portions of the gauge wheel unit arecut away to show other parts to'better advantage.
The power lift'arrangement in this form of the invention issubstantially the same as has been described above, and hence furtherdescription is not necessary. In Figures 5 and 6, parts iden- Figures 1and 2 are indicated by the same referencenumerals. 2|.0 carries a guidemechanisms are preferably identical, respectively, with the guide wheeladjusting mechanism 8a and the depth'adjusting mechanism 80 describedscription is unnecessary. Due to the 'coulter bracket 235-, itis-preferablein Figures 5 to! to connect the plates and 02. with. thebeam r as by welding 3I3. The upper end of the disk 3 is suitable fixed,as by welding, to 3M which are 'apertured to receive bolts 3l 5 whichare adapted to be inabove in connection-with the first form of thisinvention, it is believed that further de- The rear furrow opener isalso in the form of a :2i6 forward of the guide bracket 53, rather than:7
inrear of the same as in Figures 1 to 4.
- The operation of this form of the present in vention is substantiallythe same as the operation of the form shown in Figuresl to' 4 and havebeen applied.
need not be repeated. If it is desired, the mold-.
board bottoms out landsides, one bottom is counterbalancedby the sidethrust of the other bottom, both being sustained by thetractonsubstantially at a point ingthe. vertical transverse plane of therear wheels. 'Also, this plow is adapted to conform to irregularities inthe ground surface with the same effectiveness as the first describedform; The plow beam 2|6 may be leveled sothat the furrow openers 225 and23l run in a level position byturning the crank 263 in one direction orthe other. The chain 20l is connected to the beam 216 at a point Justslightly 225 and 231 may be utilized withthe front end of the beam H6 isfirst lifted and then, at about the same time that the rear bottomreaches the point on the ground where the front bottom was raised, therear 'end of the beam is raised. Normally, the chain is slack.
In Figures 8 and 9 I have shown a modified form of disk plow, somewhatsimilar to but in certain respects more simple than the disk plow shownin. Figures 1 to 4; and in that respect an improvement over the forms ofthe invention de reference numeral 300, comprises a tool beam or inwhich case the side thrust of forward of the center of gravity, wherebywhen the lifting mechanism is actuated,
'tially straight rear section 303 tion and inserting the tlon of thebeamor bar It described above in connection with Figure 1. The tool-beamor bar 30l,in the present instance, includes a substantiallystraightforward section 302, a substanwhich passes unla of the tractor.304, and a rearthe end of the section is provided with a pair ofapertures, and- 305: is likewise.
the rear end of the rear'section apertured. A front furrow opener in theform "'of"*"a"disk 3l0' is mounted for rotation in any suitable mannerat the lower end of a bearing standard 3 of conventional construction,to the lower end of which a, bearing M2 is fixed,
standard upper and lower plates serted and fastened in place in theapertures in the forward portion of the tool beam section 301. The diskstandard bracketplates are provided with one or more additional openings3|! (Figure 8) so that by removingtthe associated bolt 3!! andshiftingthe bracket to'a new posibolt iii in other openings, the angularposition of the front disk II.
the center line.
may be changed relative tothe tool beam 30f.
' disk, and since the rear diskis identical with same reference numeralsthe frontldisk, the
The rear disk bracket may be adjusted relative to the tool beam 30I inthe same manner as described above. Each disk 0 has a scraper 3!! whoseshank is fixed by an adjustable clamp M3 to the upper end of a curvedscraper standard 3l9 which is fixed in any suitable way to the upperplates 3.
The front end 302 of the tool beam 30f is received between the side barsof a guide bracket, indicated in its entirety .by the reference numeral320. The guide 320 is similar to the guide 63 described; above butdiffers therefrom in certain respects. However, like the guide 63, theguide bracket 320 includes inner and outer vertical bars MI and 322having laterally outturned lower ends to which is bolted a closure strap323. Secured to the upper end, of the bracket straps 32! and 322 is anattaching plate 324 which is bolted to the tractor, as at 325. Thebracket straps 32| and. 322 form, in effect, member, the upperintermediate portion of which serves as, a stop to limit the upwardswinging movement of the front end 302 of the tool beam 30| and may beprovided with a bumper at this point, if desired, as described above inconnection with the first form of this invention, but
preferably in this form of the invention the bumper takes the form of aroller 450 (Figure '9) mounted on a pin or bolt 449. The lower end ofthe strap 32! is extended latan inverted U-shaped connected thereto. Thelatter includes detent mechanism 331 which cooperates with a sector 332one end of which is fixed, as at 333, to the tractor and the other endof which is fixed to the upper end of a strap 335. The lower end of thelatter is connected by the pivot 328 to the bracket 321. A link 342extends vertically through a sleeve 343 which is pivoted, as at 344, tothe adjusting lever 329,'and the upper end of the link 342 is threadedand receives a pair of lock nuts 346. The lower end of the link isformed as a hook and engages in an aperture in a clip 341 which issecured by a U-bolt 348 to the forward portion of the tool beam 301. Byreleasing the .detent mechanism 331 and moving the lever 329 todifferent positions, the front end of the tool beam 301 may be raised orlowered, as desired, thus adjusting the depth ofoperatlon of the frontfurrow opener 318.
A front guide wheel is connected to move-generally vertically with thefront end of the tool bar 3111, much in the same manner as the guidewheel 119 described' above, but in the instant modification, separateadjusting means for the guide wheel has been eliminated. In this form ofthe invention the guide wheel is indicated by the reference numeral 355and is journaled for rotation on the laterally outer end of an axle 356.The laterally inner end of the latter is provided with a square taperand is received in the socket section 359 of a. bracket casting 361. Thelatter member is provided with a longitudinal sleeve section 362 inwhich "the forward end of the tool beam 301 is received. This end of thelatter is provided with anaperture 363, and registering apertures areformed in the sleeve 362 to receive a bolt 365. The latter is smallerthan one or more of the apertures just mentioned so that the sleevecasting is capable of limited rocking movement on the front end of thetool bar 3111. However, such rocking movement is limited by virtue ofthe particular cross sectional conform of the invention the bail 3111includes an infiguration of the opening in the sleeve-362 through Iwhich the front end of the toolbar 301 extends. As best shown in Figure10, this opening, which is indicated by the reference numeral 361, isgenerally of star section presenting four curved walls between which thesquare end of the tool bar 301 is received. As indicated in Figure 10A,after the sleeve 362 and guide wheel axle 356 associated therewith haverocked relative to the tool bar through a limited amount, furtherrelative rocking movement in that direction is prevented. Preferably,the construction is such that during operation the wheel 355 serves 1-to run along the previously formed furrow and serves as a guide ormarker to assist the operator in maintaining uniform width of plowing.The relative movement permitted affords a certain freedom of action ofthe guide whee1 355 so that travel over irregular ground isaccommodated. However, if the tractor should start to tip over, as issometimes encountered in hillside Work, the guide wheel 355 is availableas an auxiliary support preventing overturning of the tractor, insubstantially the safne manner described above in connection with theform of the invention shown in Figures 1-4. The guide whee1 andassociated parts may be easily removed from the tool beam 391 merely bydetaching the one bolt 365.
The rear and of the tool beam 381 is connected with the iractor by abail indicated in its entirety similar to the bail Mi described above.In this termediate section 311 with which the tool beam 301 isconnected, as will be described below, and a forwardly bent arm section312, the forward end of which is flattened and apertured to receive apivot pin 313 by which this portion of the bail 311 is pivotallyconnected to a vertically extending bail hanger 316. This membercomprises a pair of straps 311 and 313 (Figure 8), and the upper ends ofthese straps are extended above the rear axle section 1a and is directedforwardly to form a power lift bracket 319. A brace 381 is bolted, as at382 (Figure 9), in between the lower ends of the bracket straps 311-and318 just above the pivot 313. The brace 381 is welded to a plate 385,and a similar plate 386 is welded to the forward edges of the bracketstraps 311 and 318. These plates are fastened to the rear axle housingsection 1a by any suitable means. The brace 381 extends forwardly andupwardly beyond the attaching plate 385 and is pivotally connected, asat 388, with the lower end of a hydraulic piston and cylinder unitindicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 389. The upper partof the hydraulic unit 389 .is pivotally connected, as at 391, to theintermediate portion of a lifting link 392, the rear end of which ispivoted, as at 393, to the bracket 313 and the forward end of which ispivoted to a swivel 396. A lifting chain 391 is connected at its upperend to the swivel 396 and at its lower end to a bracket 398 which issecured by bolts 399 to the tool beam 301, preferably forwardly of thecenter of the tool beam. Fluid under pressure is supplied by anysuitable means to the hydraulic unit 389 through a hose 461. Preferably,the source of fluid pressure is carried by the tractor. a
The other arm of the bail 318 is c ned as a separate part and takes theform 01 an arm 418, the forward end of which is pivoted, as at 41 1, inbetween the lower ends of a pair of straps 412 forming the left handbail hanger 413. A brace 4119 (Figure 8) connects the lower end of thehanger 413 with a plate 413 which is fixed to the forward side of theleft hand axle, housing. A sector 415 is secured to the bail arm 4111,and the latter, which preferably is a forging, has a square socket 416at its rear end to receive the square tapered end of the bail section311, the latter being secured as by a nut 411 to the bail arm 410,whereby all of the bail parts are rigidly secured together. A sleevemember 420 is mounted on the intermediate bail section 311 adjacent thesector 415 and is formed with a transverse portion 421 in which theforward end of a gauge wheel crank axle 422 is fixed, as by a nut 423.The rear end of the gauge wheel crank axle is turned laterally inwardlyand serves to rotatably receive the gauge wheel 425 which is held inplace by any suitable means. As an integral part of the sleeve member420, the latter carries an extension 421 to which the lower end of agauge wheel adjusting lever 428 is fixed, the lever 428 carrying detentmechanism 429 which cooperates with notches in the sector 415, When thelever 428 is latched to the sector 415, the gauge wheel 425 swingsvertically with the bail 310 about the transverse pivot axis which isdefined by the pivot pins 313 and 411.
The rear transverse section 304 of the tool beam 391 is secured to theintermediate section 311 of the bail 310 by means of a hanger 435, whichincludes a plate 436 to which a pair of inverted U-sha-ged straps 431are fixed, as by welding. The
intermediate section 311 of the bail passes 2,339,225 through the straps431, and the plate436 is rigidsecured to the intermediate section 304 ofthe tool beam 31H by bolts 439 and cross straps 44!; A pair of collars442 carrying set screws 443 are mounted on the intermediate bail section3H on the laterally outer sidesof the hanger yokes'43l. By loosening theset screws 3' the collars and hail hanger may be shiftedto differentpositions along the ball so as to determine'theangular position of thetool beam 3M as a whole relative to the tractor, it being rememberedthat the front end of the toolbeam is confined within the guide bracket320.
. ,The operation of the form of the invention shown in Figures 8-11 issubstantiall'ythe same as the'operation of the forms of the inventiondescribed above. The position of the front furrow" opener 3|!) is gaugedby the tractor throughthe depth adjusting connections 329 an d 342; thechain 351 normally being slack soas to permit the rear end ofthe toolbeam to swing up and ground surface, From Figure 9 it will be noted thatthebail arms 312 and Ill) extend generally downwardly and forwardly fromthe connection of the intermediate bail section 3'" with the tool 'beamso that there is a downwardcomponent of the draft pull tending to insureproper penetrationof the front disk 3m, the penetration be 'ing limitedby the depthadjusting lever 3 28 and lock nuts 346. The depth ofpenetration of therear disk 3! is limited by the position of the chain391 against the tool bar or beam 3!. The point of connection of thechain with the beam is so disposed that the front furrow opener is firstraised, followed by the raising of the rear furrow opener. During theraising and lowering of the beamtlll relative to the tractor, the bail310 swingsabout its pivot axis, and since the hand ground which, ineffect, addsto the rear end of the tool beam 3M the weight of the gaugewheel, thus additionally'resisting the upward displacement of the rearfurrow opener. While I have shown and described above thepreferredstructure inwhich the principles of the present invention havebeen incorporated, it
is to be understood that my invention is not to "be limited to theparticular details shown and 'down to accommodate irregularities in thedescribed above, but that, in fact, widely different means may beemployed in the practice of the broader aspects of my invention f What Iclaim, therefore, and desire to-secure by Letters Patent is: V
1. an agricultural implement comprising means serving'as a supportingframe,- a generally longitudinally extending beam movably connected withsaid supporting frame means, a draft transmitting bail having its bightportion pivotally connected with the rear portion of said beam and itsend portions pivotally connected with said supporting frame means atpoints generally below the bight portion of said ball, whereby there isadownward component effective against said beam, and tool means,connected with said beam both forwardly and rearwardly of said bail.
' 2. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as asupportingframe, a tool beam connected at its forward end with said supportingframe means, tool means carried by said tool beam, the rear end of thelatter being arranged for generally free vertical swinging movement inboth directions relative to said supportingframe means, and drafttransmitting means connected with said supporting frame means and therear portion of said tool beam.
' 3.1 The combination with a tractor. having ground engaging drivemeans, of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, meansconnecting the latter with the tractor for generally Vertical movementand movement about a. transverse axi whereby to accommodate the passageof the lever 428 latches the rearwardly extending gauge wheel crankaxle422 with the bail so as to form a rigid. part thereof, itwill'be seenthat the gaugewheel 425 moves through a greater extent of verticalmovement than the adjacent rear furrow opener m. In the constructionillustrated, the
, gauge wheel moves verticall no less thanjtwice the verticaldisplacement'of the adjacent furrow opener. that the rear furrow openerismaintained at substantially constant depth of operation. If, forexample, the rear furrow strikes a soft spot and tends to run deeperthan desired, the corresponding downward movement of the rear portion ofthe beam 30f causes an accelerated downward This, construction has theadvantage- 'said transverse axis.
tractor over uneven ground, and tool means connected with said tool beamboth fore and aft of 4. The combination with a tractor having groundengaging driving means, of a generally longitudinally extending toolbeam, means 'movably connecting the latter with the tractor andincluding a generally horizontally disposed member pivoted to thetool'beam and to the tractor,
' whereby the tool beam is free to move ither'iip movement of the,rearwardly disposed gauge wheel 425, the extent of movement of thegauge wheel being greater than the corresponding movement of the reardisk. Thus, th gauge wheel is effective to prevent such downwarddisplacement of the furrow opener. Likewise, if the rear disk shouldstrike a hard spot and tend to rise, carrying with it the rear" end ofthe tool beam 31", such upward movement of the latter acts to swing thegauge wheel 425 in a generally ve tical direction faster than the reardisk, therelifting the cause wheel 425 entirely oh the wardly ordownwardly relative to the tractor,. said horizontally disposed memberserving 'to transmit draft loads to the tool beam, tool means connectedwith'said tool been: both fore and aft of said, driving means andincluding front, and rear furrow openers, means for gauging the depth ofoperation of the front furrow opener from the tractor, and a groundengagin gaugeuwheel for determining the operating depth of the rear fur1 row opener.
5. The combination. with a tractor having ground engaging drivemeans, ofa generally longitudinally extending tool beam, means connect-- ing thelatter intermediate its ends with the tractor for generally verticalswinging about a transverse axis, tool means connected with the frontand rear end portions of said tool beam, and means reacting against thetractor for limiting the downward movement of the tool beam about saidtransverse axis.
6. The combination withla tractor, ofan implement comprising a generallylongitudinallyex tending tool beam, draft means connecting the front.end ofsaid tending tool beam having a rear means on the tractor at theother end ofsaid axle and rear drive wheels,-a generally longitudinallyextending tool beam extending fore and aft of the drive wheels of thetractor,'bail means swingably connectin the rear portion of said.
tool beam with the tractor, whereby said rear portion ofthe tool beam iscapable of relatively free vertical movement relative to the tractor.ground engaging tool means securedrto the forward portion of said toolbeam, means connecting the forward end portion of said tool beam withthe tractor at a point forwardof the rear wheels whereby the tractorserves to determine the depth of operation of said forward tool means,rear tool means connected with the rear portion of saidgenerallylongitudinally extending beam, and gauge means connected with the latterfor gauging the depth of operation of the rear .tool means. V
8. In an agricultural implement, the combination ofa tractor having arear axle and drive wheels therefor, a generally longitudinallyextendingtool beam extending both fore and aft of aid rear axle and between thedrive wheels tool beam both fore and aft of said rear axle, and meanswhereby the side thrust of said tool means istaken by the tractor,saidlatter means including adjustable parts adapted to vary the angularposition of said tool beam relative to the tractor in a generallyhorizontal plane, whereby to ad- Just the width of cut of said toolmeans.
9. A combination set forth in claim 8, further characterized by: meansconnecting opposite end portions of said tool beam with the tractor andincluding mechanism for shifting one end portion of the tool beamgenerally laterally relativeto the tractor. I v
10. In a plowing implement, means serving as a supporting frame, agenerally longitudinally exmovably connected with the supporting framemeans, a furrow opener secured toeach end portion of said tool beam,stop means limiting the upward movement of the front end portion of saidtool beam, and raising means connected with the generally centralportion of said tool beam but forward of the center of gravity of saidtool beam andfurrow'openers, whereby operation of said raising meansfirst raises the front end of the tool beam and theniraises the rear endafter said sto means limits the upward movement of the front end.
11. In a plowing implement, means serving as a supporting frame, agenerally longitudinally extending tool beam movably connected with thesupporting frame means for both vertical and lateral swinging movementsfurrow opener securedto each end portion of said tool beam, and meansfor loading the side thrust due to said furrow openers onto saidsupporting frame means.
. of the tractor, tool means connected with said furrow but above thefurrow bottom, whereby 12; In combination, a tractor, a toolbearn ex--tending generally longitudinally thereof, means tool beam serving tolimit the movement thereof relative to the tractor, a plow fixed to saidtool beam between the ends thereof, and a second plow fixed to the rearend of saidtool beam.
13. In combination, a tractor, a tool beam extending generallylongitudinally thereof, means connecting the forward end of said toolbeam with the tractor for both longitudinal and generally verticalmovement, a plow fixed to said tool beam adjacent the forwardendthereof, a bail pivoted on the tractor adjacentthe rear thereof andpivotally supporting the rear portion of said tool beam, and a secondplow fixed to said tool beam rearwardly of said bail, swinging movementof the latter providing for the rear plow following undulations in theground surface.
14. In combination, a tractor having rear wheels, a generallylongitudinally extending tool beam, a slotted bracket carried by thetractor forward of the rear wheelsandreceiving the forward end of saidtool beam, means associated with said bracket for limiting the verticalmovement of the forward end of said tool beam in said slotted bracket, aplow fixed to said tool beam adjacent the forward end thereof, meansmovably connecting the 'rear end of said tool beam with the rear portionof the tractor, a second plow fixed to the rearend portion of said toolbeam, and a. guide wheel carried by the forward end of said tool beam.
15. A plow comprising the combination with a. tractor having rear wheelof a generally 1ongitudinally extending tool beam, a. furrow openersecured to the front and rear end portions of said tool beam anddisposed fore and aft, respectively, of the associated tractor wheel,means connecting said tool beam with the tractor whereby there is acomponent of the draft pull that serves to force said furrow openersinto the ground, and means for controlling the depth'of operation ofsaid furrow openers including an adjusting lever pivotally mounted onthe tractor and connected with the forward portion of said tool beam.
16. A plow comprising the combination with a tractor of a generallylongitudinally extending tool beam, means connecting the latter with thetractor so as to impose on the latter lateral and vertical forcesincident in the operation of the plow, a furrow opener connected withsaid-tool beam, a guide wheel adjustably connected with said tool beamand disposed laterally relative to said furrow opener so as to' run'inthe furrow opened on the previous round, and means for adlusting saidguide wheel so as to run in said some of the vertical forces are imposedon the tractor, said guide wheel being also adjustable to a position inwhich at least some of said vertical forces are imposed on said guidewheel.
17. The combination with a tractor having front and rear wheels, agenerally longitudinally extending tool bar, a pair, of moldboard plowbottoms fixed to said tool beam both fore and aft of the adjacent rearwheel of the tractor, means connecting said tool beam with the tractor,and means for leveling said tool beam relative to the tractor so a tocause said plow bottoms to run level. 18. An agricultural implementadapted to be connected with a farm tractor and comprising a generallylongitudinally extending tool beam. means connecting the front end ofthe latter to the tractor for generally vertical movement, a bailswingably connected with the rear portion 'of the tractor, meansconnecting said bail with the rear portion of said tool beam, a pair ofmoldboard furrow openers fixed to said tool beam fore and aft of theadjacent rear tractor wheel, and
means reacting against said ball for changing the position of the toolbeam to level said moldboard furrow'openers.
19. In combination, a, tractor, a. bailpivotally connected to the.tractor, a generally longitudinally extending tool beam connected atits forward end with the tractorand at its rear end with said bail, toolmeans connected with said beam, and means for shifting the rear end ofthe beam laterally along the bail and holding, v
15 of the latter, a bail serving to connect the rear the rear end of thebeam in any one of aplurality of laterally adjusted positions along saidbail.
20. In combination, a tractor, a guide bracket secured to the forwardportion of the tractor and,
serving as a vertically elongated slot, a. bail pivoted to the rearportion of the tractor, a generally longitudinally extending tool beamhaving its forward endslidably disposed in the slot in said guidebracket, tool means connected with said beam rearwardly of said bail,means connecting the latter with said beam in draft transmittingrelation, and means limiting the movement of -the beam in said slot inone direction. I 21. In combination, a tractor, a guide bracket.
secured tothe forward portion of the tractor, a
bail pivoted to the rear portion of the tractor, a:
generally longitudinallyextending tool beam connected at its forward endwith the tractor through said guide bracket, tool means connected withsaid beam rearwardly of said bail, a member carried by the bail andadapted to be shifted later ally relative thereto, and means fixing saidmember to said beam ,in draft transmitting relation.
'22. An agricultural implement comprising supporting means, a tool beamdisposed generally longitudinally thereof and connected therewithadjacent its forward end, a'bail pivotally connected with saidsupporting means, means pivotally connecting the intermediate portion ofsaid bail with the rear portion of said beam, tool means carried by thelatter adjacent said bail, and ground engaging gauge means connectedrigidly with said bail and disposed rearwardly thereof so that swingingmovement of said bail raises and lowers said gauging means through agreater extent than the corresponding movement of said tool means.
23. In combination, a tractor of the table type, an implement connectedtherewith at one side of the tractor for limited movement relativetheretoin a generally vertical direction, and laterally outwardlyextending ground engaging means connected with said implement andserving, after said relative movement reaches its, limit, to prevent thetractor from tipping over toward said a one side.
24. In combination, a tractor, a plowing implement connected therewithand including a generally longitudinally extending beam and furrowopening means secured thereto, a member mounted for rocking movement onsaid beam and extending laterally outwardly from said one side of thetractor, and ground engaging means carried at the laterally outer end ofsaid member and adapted to prevent the tractor from tipping over towardsaid one side.
25. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supportingframe, a generally longitudinally extending beam separate from andmovably connected with said supporting frame means, means on the latterconnected with the generally intermediate portion of said beam forraising the latter relative toisaid supporting frame means, tool meansco'nnectedwith said beam both fore and aft of said raising means, i 5and means at the frontend portion of said beam for accommodating alimited amount of upward movement of the front end portion of said beamsumcient to raise the fronttool meansbefore the rear tool means israised. I
26. An agricultural implement comprising the combination with atractorhaving a rear axle, of a generally longitudinally extending beam,means connecting the forward end of said beam with the tractor adjacentthe forward portion portion of said beam with the tractor in drafttransmitting relation and accommodating vertiv c'al movement of saidbeam relative to the tractor, bracket means carried by the rear axle ofv the tractor to which said bail is pivotally connected, and meansreacting against said bracket. means and connected with the intermediateportion of said beam for raising the latter relative to the tractor. v27. In a tractor mounted implement, a beam extending generallylongitudinally of the tractor underneath the rear axle. thereof, abracket member secured to the rear axle at the rear side thereof, meansconnecting said. beam with said bracket, the latter, extending upwardlyand forwardly relative to said rear axle, a second bracket secured tosaid rear axle at the front side thereof opposite said first mentionedbracket, a brace member extending underneath said rear axle and I '35connecting said brackets, an arm pivotally connected with the upper andforwardly directed portion of said first bracket, means connecting theouter end of said arm with said beam, and lifting mechanism reactingagainst said brace and 0 operatively connected with said aim forswinging the latter to raise said beam relative to the tractor.
28. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supportingframe, tool carry,- ing means pivotally connected with said supportingframe means, a bailpivotally connecting the tool carrying meansv withsaid supporting frame means, and gauging means connected with said bailrigidly at a point spaced from the point of said first pivotalconnection. I
29. An agricultural" implement comprising means serving as a supportingframe, tool carrying means, a bail pivotally connecting the latter withsaid supporting frame means for'inovement about an axis, a tool on saidtool carrying means," and gauging means connected rigidly with said bailand extending in a direction away from said axis whereby a givenmovement of the tool carry-v ing means causes a greater movement of thegauging means. I
30. In an agricultural implement, a swingable member, a tool connectedtherewith, and gauging means including apart swingable about an axis anda, ground engaging means secured to said part, said part being connectedwith said'member at a point between said axis and said ground engagingmeans so that swinging movement of said member moves said groundengaging means farther than said tool. a
31. The combination with a tractor, of a tool carrying member, meanspivotally connecting the latter with the tractor, gauge. means for saidtool carrying member also connected with the tractor, and meansconnecting said vgauge means with said member at such a point thatmovement 12 I aaae'jcas said tool beam and having a part extending inone direction from said pivot point and a second part extending inanother direction, a tool on the rear portion of said tool beam, a gaugewheel on one of said parts, and means connecting the bther part with thetractor whereby a given extent of downward movement of the portion ofsaid tool beam carrying said tool causes a greater extent of downwardmovement of said gauge wheel. I
33. The combination with a tractor; of a tool carrying member connectedat its forward end with the tractor, a tool at the rear portion of saidmember, a member swingably connected with said tool carrying member formovement relative thereto about an axis and including a part extendinggenerally rearwardly 'fromsaid axis and apart extending forwardlytherefrom, a gauge wheel journaled on the rearwardly extending part, andmeans connecting the forwardly ex tending part with the tractor, wherebya down ward movement of the tool carrying member through a given extentrelative to the tractor causes a greater extent of movement of said augewheel.
34. The combination with a tractor having a ground engaging drive means,of a generally longitudinally extending tool beam, tool means connectedwith said tool beam both fore and aft of said drive means and arrangedwhereby th latter takes substantially all of the side thrust of saidtool means, and means connecting said tool beam with the tractor forlateral movement about a generally vertical axis and vertical movementabout a generally transverse axis with respect to the tractor. Y
35. The combination with a tractor, of an implement comprising agenerally longitudinally extending tool beam, draft means connecting the1 latter with the tractor, ground engagingtool 'meangconnected with saidbeam fore and aft of-said draft applying means, said draft means beingconstructed so that the draft pull reacts against one of said tool meansto forc the other into the ground, means connected with one end portionof the tool beam to limit the downward movement of that end of the toolbeam so as to hold the associated tool'means at the desired depth, theother end portion of said tool beam being movable generally freelyvertically rela-' tive to the tractor, and ground engaging gauge meansat the other endportion of said tool beam for limiting the downwardmovement of that end of the tool beam.
36. An agricultural :implement comprising means serving as a supportingframe, a generally longitudinally extending beam movably connected withsaid supporting frame means. a draft transmitting bail pivotallyconnecting the rear portion of said beam with said supporting framemeans whereby the rear end of said beam is capable of relatively freevertical movement with respect to the supporting frame means, tool meansconnected with said beam both foreand aft of said bail, means on thesupporting f frame means for raising the front end of said beam relativeto the rear end to adjust the depth of operation of said front toolmeans, and ground engaging means connected with the rear I end portionof said tool beam for determining the depth of operation of said reartool means.
e 37. An agricultural implement comprising means serving as a supportingframe, -a gen- 'erally longitudinally extending beam movably connectedwith saidsupporting frame means, a draft transmitting bail pivotallyconnecting'the rear portion of said beam with said supporting framemeans whereby the rear end of said beam is capable of relatively freevertical movement with respect to the supporting frame means, tool meansconnected with said beam both fore and aft of said ball, means on thesupporting frame means for raising the front end of said beam relativeto the rear end to adjust the depth of :0 operation of said front toolmeans,'and means for shifting the rear portion of said tool beamrelative to said ball for. determining the lateral position of the reartool 'means with respect to said supporting frame means.
cycle type having laterallyspaced rear wheels and a central front wheelmeans, an implement connected with the tractor and including a groundwheel disposed laterally outwardly of a line conso necting 'said frontwheel means and the rear wheel at one side of the tractor, and means forlimiting the extent of relative movement between the tractor and said-wheel whereby the latter serves to'prevent the tractor from tippingover the tractor at said one side, the rear portion including a sectionextending laterally generally parallel to said central bailsection and asecond section extending generally rearwardly therefrom, meansconnecting said parallel sections,
, and tool means connected with said rearwardly extending tool beamsection.
40. An implement comprising the combination with a tractor havinga rearaxle, of a generally longitudinally disposed tool beam extendingundemeath said rear axle, tool means therefor, and
a draft transmitting member connecting the rear portion of said toolbeam with the tractor and angled downwardly whereby there is a componentof the draft pull that serves to force the tool means into the ground.
.60 41. An implement comprising the combination with a tractor having arear axle, of a generally longitudinally disposed tool beam extendingunderneath said rear axle. tool means therefor disposed both fore andaft of said rear axle, means connecting the front end of said beam withthe tractor for relative movement in a generally lon- 'gltudinaldirection, and a draft transmitting member pivoted to the tractor and tothe too;
beam between said tool means in draft-transmit- 7 ting relation anddisposed at such an angle whereby there is a component of the draft pullthat serves to force the tool means into the ground.
CARL G. STRANDLUND.
, 38. The combination of a tractor of the tri-"-
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2024-03-22
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1940-12-04
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1944-01-11"
}
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US-99224D-A
|
Improvement in pocket-sates for friction-matches
J. s. NORTON. Match Safe'. No. 99,224E Patenteduan. 25,1870.
N.FETERS. PHOTO-LITNOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON, D C.
@tutti Steine @aient (til ire.
Leners Patmlvo. 99,224, dated January 25, 1870.
IMPAROVEMENT IN POCKET-SAFES FOR FRICTIKOlN-MATCHES.
The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.
an Improvement in Pocket-Safes for Friction-Match Cord, of which thefollowing is a specification.
Nature and Objects of the Invention.
One William H. Rogers has procured Letters Patent of the United States,dated October 13, 1868, and numbered 83,097, for a pocket-safe forfriction-match cord, the second claim in which covers a tube containingthe match-cord, cut away on the sides, so that a persons lingers cangrasp the cord and push it along, in the tube, so as to cause it toproject from the open end of the tube, as desired for lighting.
My invention consists in an improvement on said device, whereby thematch-cord can be pushed along, as desired, without touching the cordwith the fingers, and such avoidance is much to be desired, as the cordis gummy and sticky, and soils the fingers.
The nature and composition of this cord vcan be gathered from the patentof which it is the subject, No. 83,412, issued October 27, 1868.
Description of the Accompanying Drawings. Figure 1 is a full-size viewof my invention, with the cap or cover removed.
Figure 2 is a full -size view of my invention, with the cover removed,the safe being turned just a quarter around from the position shown intig. 1.
Figure 3 is a full-size sectional view, showing a lengthwise section ofthc safe and the cover, with the match enclosed, in the same position asshown in fig. 1. Like letters always indicate like parts.
GcnemllDescrfiptio'n..
The letter a indicates the body of the safe, which is simply a metaltube of about the dimensions shown.
The letter b indicates the cover, which shuts down on the open end ofthe lube, as far as the shoulderc.-
Inside the safe is carried the friction-match cord d, composed of rubberor caoutchouc, and other ingredients,duly described in the patentissued, October 27, 1868, to William H. Rogers. As fast as one of thesecords is consumed, it is replaced by another.
,This cord light-s by friction, and a short piece will burn quite a longtime, thus making it an exceedingly handy article.
Of course but a short piece of the cord is pushed out at the open end ofthe tube at any one time, and, as' fast as consumed, the cord must bepushed out again. This has been accomplished heretofore by having a slitupon two opposite sides of the tube, near the top, so large' that apersons ugers could embrace the cord, and push it along.
This method has had one great objection, which hasv materiallyinterfered with the sale of the article, viz, the cord is of a gummy,sticky nature, and inevitably soils the fingers. My improvement remediesthis ditculty completely.
. There is one other important objection to the old form. The holes forthe fingers are so large, and, necessarily, come up so near to the openend of the tube, that when the end of the cord is lighted, the fire veryoften catches in the body ofthe cord through the finger-holes. Myimprovement also cures this diiculty completely.
The letter E indicates a collar, sliding freely on the tube a. To it, onopposite sides, are attached the two spring-catches s s, which areturned inward, and sharpened into points at their upper extremities.There are small, narrow slots, ff, made in the vsides of the tube, justlarge enough to admit the points of the spring-catches. Of course, bycompressing these catches with the fingers, the points will take fasthold ot the friction-match cord, and it can he moved either' way atwill, without the necessity of the iingels coming in contact with thecord at all.
Again, when the cover b is pushed ou, it iirst pushes the spring-catchesdown to the bottom of their slots, and then forces them into thematch-cord, and thus, when the cover is pulled oi again, it will pullthe end of the cord out of the tube just far enough for use.
It may be well enough to state that the cover is always to he kept onwhen the article is not in use.
All that is not expressly claimed herein, is not my invention; and Iexpressly disclaim any intention to interfere with either of the patentsnamed.
Claims.
I claim as my iuveution- The device composed of the collar e and thespringcatches s s, one or more in number, combined with the slotted tubea, substantially in the manner described, for the purpose set forth.
Also, the combination of the device composed of the collar e aridspring-catches s s, one or more in number, with the slotted tube a andthe friction-match cord d, substantially in the manner described, forthe purposes set forth.
Dated December 8, 1869.
JUNIUS S. NORTON.
'Wituessesz WM. 'En SIMoNns, EDWIN E.l MARVIN.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1870-01-25"
}
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US-74885047-A
|
Process for the production of polyamides by polymerization of lactams
Patented May 8, 1951 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYAMIDES BYPOLYMERIZATION OF LACTAMS Jiii Prochazka, Prague, Czechoslovakia,assignor to Bata narodni podnik, Zlin, Czechoslovakia No Drawing.Application May 17, 1947, Serial No. 748,850. In Germany July 28, 1943Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires July 28, 1963 3Claims.
It has been found that addition of lactic acid or of itsanhydroderivatives, especially addition of dilactic acid and of lactide,when producing polyamides by polymerization of lactams, ofi'ersadvantages in several respects. The lactic acid and itsanhydroderivatives catalyze the polymerization and stabilize at the sametime the obtained polymers on a certain level of polymerization,depending on the amount of added ingredients. Further heating orobtention of the polyamides in a molten state changes only to a smallextent the internal viscosity which may serve as an indication for theextent of polymerization. This circumstance is important from thepractical point of View since by an excessive rise of the viscosity, thespinning of the polyamides from the molten mass would be obstructed.
The favourable influence of the lactic acid and of itsanhydroderivatives may be explained in several ways. It is probable thatthe lactic acid gradually furnishes the water necessary for thepolymerization of the lactam, reducing at the same time the meltingpoint of the melted mass and its viscosity. Therefore the polymerizationcontinues very smoothly and its speed is favourable already at lowertemperatures. Besides, to-
wards the end of the polymerization the lactic acid or itsanhydroderivatives react and form end-groups, thereby stabilizing theobtained polymers. A further heating does not change the viscosity anyfurther. This fact confirms that the polymer, once formed, retains thelength of its chain. As mentioned above, the obtained internal viscosityof the molten mass i. e. the degree of polymerization too depend on theamount of the added lactic acid or equivalent agent. Therefore, byadding a certain amount of lactic acid a certain product is obtained,the qualities of which can be established in advance.
It is advantageous to add 15% of lactic acid or of itsanhydroderivatives. By adding a higher amount of lactic acid or of itsanhydroderivates, lower polymers are obtained, which are less suitablefor spinning or uncapable to be spun at all. A smaller addition, i. e.less than 1% may, under certain circumstances, result in the productionof higher polymers with a higher internal viscosity.
Example parts of G-caprolactam are polymerized with 2 parts of lacticacid in a closed vessel by heating. After 6 hours of treatment themolten mass has an internal viscosity of 0.72 and can be spun easily.After 100 hours of heating the internal viscosity rises onlyinsignificantly e. g. to 0.78, the qualities of the molten mass andthose of the threads produced from it remaining unchanged.
The infiuence of the lactic acid and of its anhydroderivatives on higherpolymerizable lactams as for instance on 7-oenantholactam etc. is thesame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of myinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:
1. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizingG-caprolactam in the presence of a catalyst selected from the groupconsisting of lactic acid, dilactic acid and lactide in an amount ofbetween 1 and 5% of said S-caprolactam.
2. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizing6-caprolactam in the presence of between 1 and 5% of dilactic acid.
3. Process for producing polyamides consisting of polymerizingfi-caprolactam in the presence of between 1 and 5% of lactide.
JIRf PROCHAZKA.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,071,250 Carothers Feb. 16, 19372,312,879 Christ Mar. 2, 1943 2,440,516 Kropa Apr. 27, 1948 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 245,374 Switzerland Nov. 15, 1946 OTHER'REFERENCES Bernthsen-Sudborough, A Textbook of Organic Chemistry, NewEdition 1931, p. 223.
1. PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYAMIDES CONSISTING OF POLYMERIZING6-CAPROLACTAM IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST SELECTED FROM THE GROUPCONSISTING OF LACTIC ACID, DILACTIC ACID AND LACTIDE IN AN AMOUNT OFBETWEEN 1 AND 5% OF SAID 6-CAPROLACTAM.
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2024-03-22
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1947-05-17
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1951-05-08"
}
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US-37087129-A
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Electric lamp
Jun 3, 1930. H. A. DOUGLAS ELECTRIC LAMP I Filed Jime 14, 1929 iii/(5 07JozgZaa Patented June 3, 1930 PATENT QFFICE HARRY A. DOUGLAS, 01IBR-O'NSON, MICHIGAN ELECTRIC LAMP Application filed June 14,
. My invention relates to electric lamps employing shields for partiallyobstructing light emanating therefrom.
. In accordance with my invention, the shield is made adjustable and isin controlling relation to a switch that governs the circuit of theassociated lamp so that'when the shield is in one position the lampcircuit is closed and when in an alternative position the lamp circuitis opened. Inthe preferred embodiment of the invention, such adjustableshield constitutes the shutter for an opening in a cowl that surroundsthe lamp and which cowl serves further to obstruct light emanating fromthe lamp, such shutter serving to close the switch when the shutter isopened and to open theswitch when the shutter is moved in a closingdirection sufficiently to completely close the opening, though theinvention is not to be thus restricted.
The invention will be more fully explained in connection with theaccompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a front view illustrating thepreferred embodiment of my invention adapted to furnish illumination forthe instrument board of an automotive vehicle, the shutter being shownin an open position; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 3+3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectionalview on line H of Fig. 3 Fig. 5 is a sectional View on line 55 of Fig.3; Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. i but showing the shutter in aclosed position; and Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line 7-7 of Fig. 5,parts being broken away.
The cowl 1, preferably metallic, is of any suitable shape. This cowl iselectrically grounded. As illustrated, it is oblong and has flat top andbottom sides which are joined by semi-cylindrical end portions 2 and 3and a rounded front portion 1. A metallic shutter is provided to openand close the opening 5 in the'cowl, said shutter having transverse l.extendin ears 5 5 which are 'ournaled y a: a
upon the inner and reduced ends of metallic pins 5 of the cowl. Theshutter may be provided with a thumb and finger piece 5 whereby it maybe opened and closed. The light emitting opening 5 extends lengthwise ofthe cowl but terminates, at each end, short 1929. Serial No. 370,871.
of the semi-cylindrical portions 2 and 3 since it is found that thisopening need not be sector shaped when the structure is used upon thedash board of an automobile. The metallic lampsocket 6 is provided withtongues 7 at its front end which are clinched against the front side ofan oblong plate 8 of insulation which is surrounded by and snuglyreceived within tl e rear end of the cowl, the plate 8 having sometongues 9 which enter spaces between the tongues 7, these tongues 7clamping the plate against the body of the socket 6. By thisarrangement, the socket is firmly held from movement in any directionwith respect to the insulating plate which insulates the socket from thecowl.
inwardly projecting attaching formations, preferably tongues, 10 and 11are integrally formed with the cowl near the ends and at the top sidethereof. Inwardly projecting tongues 12 and13 are integrally formed withthe cowl near the ends and at the bottom side thereof. The tongues 10and 12 are in lapping relation as are the tongues 11 and 13. Registeringholes 14 are formed in the tongues 10 and 12 and registering holes 15are formed in the tongues 11 and 13. The holes 14: are in register withthe hole 16 formed in the insulating plate 8 and the holes 15 are inregister with another hole 17 formed in said plate; The shanks 18 ofassembling bolts are passed through the holes that are in register andthrough holes in a mounting or instrument board 19. The heads of thebolts are within the cowl and engage the tongues 12 and 13. Nuts 20 arescrewed upon the threaded shanks of'the bolts, said mounting board, theplate 8 and the tongues through which the bolt shanks pass being clampedby the nuts between the bolt heads and the nuts whereby the cowl and thelamp socket are secured in fixed position upon the mounting board. Saidsocket projects through an opening 21 which is formed in the mountingboard.
The front end of the socket is provided with bayonet slots or channels22 which are adapted to receive the metallic bayonet pins or projections23 extending radially from the base 2 1 of an incandescent lamp bulb 25,this bulb being entirely within the interior of the cowl when its baseis fully assembled with said socket. I have illustrated a single polelamp in which one terminal of the filament is suitably connected with ametallic sheath provided upon the base of the lamp bulb to haveelectrical contacts with the metallic socket 6 and to be further placedin electrical connection with this socket through the intermediation ofthe metallic pins 23 that are electrically connected with said sheath.The other terminal of the filament is connected with the contact button26 that is provided upon and insulated from the rear end of the base 2&.The lamp socket 6 encloses a coiled spring 2'? and two insulatingwashers 28 and 29 between which the spring is interposed, the rearwasher 29 being seated upon the inturned rear end of socket 6 and theforward washer 28 carrying a contact 30 which is pressed, by the spring27, into electrical engagement with the contact 26. The wire 31 extendsfrom one pole of a battery, whose other pole is grounded, and terminatesin the contact 30.
The socket 6 has an elongated late-rally ex tending continuation 32 thatis integrally formed therewith and which terminates in a cam portion 33which is located in the region of the ear 5 upon the shutter. A cam 34is mechanically connected with the ear 5 The cam 34 moves with and is sorelated to the shutter 5 that when the shutter is opened, such cam 34'will be free from the cam 33 to permit contact 32 to press against themetallic cowl 1 to complete the electrical connection between thegrounded pole of the battery and the metallic socket 6, (Figs. 3 and 1')this connection being extended through the metallic bayonet pins 23 andthe sheath upon the lamp base to one terminal of the filament, the otherterminal of the filament being connected with the ungrounded pole of thebattery as previously described. Thus the lamp circuit is closed whenthe shutter is opened. When the shutter is closed, the aforesaid cam 34engages the cam 33 to separate contact 32 from the cowl (Figs. 5 and 6)to open the lamp circuit. By this arrangement, the provision of aseparate and individually operated switch upon the instrument board forcontrolling the lamp circuit is not required, the equipment being thuscheapened and space being economized.
A finishing washer 35 of dish form may receive the rear of the cowl.This finishing washer has openings 36 through which the bolt shanks arepassed. The margins of the openings 36 initially enter the screw threadsof the bolt shanks, slots 37 radiating from said openings 36 tofacilitate the threaded engagement of the bolts with such openingmargins. The bolts have annular recesses 38 adjacent the bolt heads andclear of the threads in which recesses the margins of the openings 36are ultimately received when the bolts are sufficiently turned wherebythe bolts may thereafter be turned without disturbing the Washers whichare thereby prevented from interfering with the mounting of thestructure which is effected by the bolts. When the margins of theopenings 36 are received in the recesses 38, such margins are notreadily restored into engagement with the threads of the bolts, whichthreads thus serve to maintain the washers in place about the boltshankswhile the devices are in shipment and in stock and before they areassembled with mounting boards, a feature of much advantage, it notbeing necessary to rely upon the nuts for this purpose. When the devicesare to be mounted in place, it is merely necessary to project thethreaded bolt shanks through the corresponding holes in the mountingboards and thereafter apply the clamping nuts.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. The combination with an electric incandescent lamp having a metallicsheath upon its base and a filament having one terminal in electricalconnection with this sheath; of a metallic socket receiving the base ofthe lamp and with which said sheath is engaged; an adjustable shutterfor obstructing light emanating from the lamp; and a switch for openingand closing the circuit of the lamp and operable by the shutter, theaforesaid metallic socket having an extension constitutin one of thecontacts of the switch, the switch and shutter being so related that theswitch is opened when the shutter is closed and the switch is closedwhen the shutter is open.
2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the lamp is provided with a metalliccowl that is in the lamp circuit and which cowl constitutes a switchcontact complemental to the contact that is formed of the socketextension.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name.
HARRY A. DOUGLAS.
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2024-03-22
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1929-06-14
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-06-03"
}
|
US-42196420-A
|
Animal trap
Jan. 9, 1923..
1,441,985. H. LANE.
ANIMAL TRAP.
FILED NOV. 5,1920.
lli atented ilan. F,
mum Mi HENRY LANE, F 'VETlEDFHEFFTFJLD, ENGLAND.
.hNlElllllAlD TRAP.
Application filed November 5, 1920. No. 421,964.
To all whom if; may concern:
Be it known that T, Hunter LANE, a subfect oi? the. King oft GreatBritain, residing at lllagle Works, Wednesficld, in the coituity ctStafford, England, have invented. certain. new and useful Improvementsin Animal Traps (tor which I have filed applications in Great Britain,llo. lehhlioil, dated Noveniher 7, 1919, and in Australia, Serial lo. il-$51, iiled February 4, 1920); and l do hereby declare that thefollowing is a hill, clear, and exact description of the same.
My invention comprises improvements in animal traps and refers to thatclass which employ a spring eitherot wire or strip metal and a sheetmetal base, the object 01'? the present invention being to more rigidlysecure the extremities of the wire or strip to the base in an improved,simpler and stronger manner and to provide general improvements in suchtraps.
According to this invention I press out a tongue piece from the basemember to pro vide an opening through. which one end of the spring ispassed, the said bent tongue portion being afterwards bent back into itsnormal position so as to engage the end of the spring whereby the latteris secured firmly y to the base member.
The platform bearing surface for the treadle and the retaining notch torthe pawl are all "formed from one piece of sheet metal, the bearingsurface for the treadle being of channel section, the two oppositeflanges (it which are disposed substantially vertically and projectbelow the platform, the said flanges being connected to the platform byweb portions. The pawl is mounted on a bridge piece extending across thebifurcated curled or bent over end of a transverse member secured to thebase. The transverse member is secured by means oi tongue pieces orpieces pressed out thereof and passing through holes in the base member,being riveted over on the other side.
Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of a basemember with a wire spring in place ready to be lined.
Figure 2 is a similar view of the finished trap.
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2 but showing a strip sprin Figuret is a section at 4 in Figure l. p
Figure 5 is a section at 5-5 in Figure 3.
Figure 6 is perspective view of the plat form oi the trap.
Figure 7 is a similar view of retaining pawl.
Figure 8 illustrates the means for pivotally securing the pawl.
Figure 9 is section through the transverse platiform supporting member.
Tn carrying my invention into practice as illustrated. upon theaccompanying drawings at Figures 1, 2 and d the base member 1 and thewire spring .2 are of the usual shape, the base member having its twoextremities 8 bent up at right angles and'the wire being coiled up inthe middle, and having one end l adapted to be secured to the basemember while the other end 5 terms a loop which engages with the jaws 6of the trap in the well known manner.
One of the upright ends 3 of the base meu'iber has a square tongueportion 8 bent out oi? it as seen in Figure 1, the metal being splitalong three lines to enable this to be done, the portion being bentalong the fourth line of the square. This provides a hole through whichthe ends of the springs can he passed. The extremities of the spring arepreferably bent. down so that when the spring is in position these passthrough holes 10 in the base plate being riveted over on their as undersides. The portion. 8 is now bent back into its normal position as shownin Figure 2 whereby the ends of the spring will be gripped between. thisportion and the main part of the base.
lit desired and as illustrated notches it may be provided adjacent thetwo lower corners of the bent out portions into which the two parts ofthe spring may lit, the holes being of smaller diameter than that of thewire so that it will be gripped by the bent out portion.
In Figure 3 the application to a strip metal spring is illustrated, thepart 8 here again being reduced width to be passed through, theentreniity of the latter beng bent down to pass through a slot 13 in thebase member, the portion 8 being bent down as before to fix the spring.
The base member has a transverse member 15 of welldmown form, as shownclearly in Figure 2, being secured to the base membent. up to allow theend 12 oil? The platform whereby the spring is her by the tongue piecesl6, 17 which are pressed out of the said member and pass through holesin the basemen'iber being riveted over on the under side as shown inFigure 9.
Adjacent one end of the said transverse member an upwardly extending lug18 is secured by riveting or otherwise, this lug being the pivot memberfor the )lJft-fOllH. 19 shown in Figures 2 and 6 is made of sheet metaland has its one side bent to provide two vertical walls 20, 21 adaptedto fit around the aforementioned lug to which it is secured by a pin orthe like 22 passing through holes in the vertical Walls and a hole 25 inthe lug. The platform is also provided with a notch 26 adjacent thepivot to receive the nose oi? the pawl to he hereinafter explained.
The end of the transverse iember extends upwardly at right angles to themain part as shown at 28 and the extremity is bent over upon itself at29. slot 30 is out in this end member leaving a bridge portion 3]. onthe end of the bent over part as clearly shown in Figure 8. This bridgeportion serves as a pivot for the pawl 33 which shown in Figure '4" isformed from a single piece of sheet metal having an extension 3% ofreduced width, which is bent around the bridge portion 31 to pivotallysecure it.
To set the trap the looped end of the spring is depressed out ofengagement with the jaws of the trap, the 1611 being opened to anapproximately horizontal position, one of them being maintained in suchposition against the action of the spring by the engagement thereover ofthe pawl which latter is then engaged in the notch 26 of the platform19.
It will be apparent that when the weightof an animal acts upon theplatform, it will be depressed, so that the pawl 33 is released. :treedtoclose the aws.
Claimsz- 1.3m animal {rap cmnpr ing l sheet metal base member. a pairoi" jaws pivoted to said base. means for retaining said jaws in an openposition. said means being I'Olttlsable by the weight of an animal. aspring ending to close said jaws. one end of sa d spring passing thrmighan opening in the base member. and a partially son-red Tongue on s basewhich engages \viih the end oi' the spring and serves to grip it betweenibis portion and the main part of the hasc incur her. and n l' :h0;-; inthe end oi said tongue adapted to it around the said spring.
3.1%.11 animal trap rmnprising :1 sheet metal base, a p: ir ot jawspivoted to said base, a spring tending to close said jaws. means forretaining said jaws in open position. said retaining means beingrcleusalilc by the weight of an animal and including pivoted pawl and aplatform pivoted to vertical lug, said platform llflll'lfj pressed fromsheet metal with an integral downwardly projecting flange the centralportion of which is pressed outwardly to form a. curved nose of channelsection forming :1 hollow pivot lug adapted to fit over said verticallug and the curved edge of said nose being notched to receive the treeend oi said pawl.
In witness. whereof I afiix my signature.
HENRY LANE.
ill
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2024-03-22
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1920-11-05
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1923-01-09"
}
|
US-387264D-A
|
Centrifugal pump
E. L. STREAM.
GENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
(No Model.)
Patented Aug. 7, 1888.
N. paens mamnmaguphw. wa mman. u. c.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
EDGAR LOUIS STREAM, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,264,\j3ated August7, 1888.
Application filed March 31, ISES.
To @ZZ whom it may concern:
Beit known that I, EDGAR Lo`UIs STREAM, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State ofLouisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCentrifugal Pumps; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to theannexed drawing, making a part of this specification, and to the lettersof reference marked thereon.
.The present invention has reference to that class of centrifugal pumpsin which the suction pipe or elbow thereof is bolted to the side of thecasing. Where the elbow is on the side of the casing, it is sometimesnecessary to raise and lower the suction-pipe, which hangs on an angle,without taking off any of the pipe, which is usually accomplished byattaching a rope to the foot-valve and pulling it up, and when the boltshave to be taken out it requires the assistance of several laborers tohold the pipe in place, and then it can only be moved to the nextbolt-hole.
It is the object of the present invention to remedy these difficultiesand the labor necessary to adj ust said suction-pipe; and it thereforeconsists in thepart-icular manner of attaching the elbow of thesuction-pipe to the side of the pump-casing, whereby it can be readilyand quickly adjusted to change its height as circumstances require, aswill be hereinafter described and claimed.
I have shown in the drawing a perspective View of a centrifugal pumpwith my improvement in section to more clearly show its construction,the casing of the pump being shown at A. A pipe-section, B, is bolted tothe side of the casing A, over the opening thereof, said section havinga circular ange, a, through which pass the bolts b by which said sectionis securely held in place. This pipe-section has screw-threads upon itsexterior to receive ajam-nut or ring, O, which may be provided isprovided at its lower end with a flange, d,
serial No.26a193. (Nomar-.1.)
for attaching thereto the suction-pipe by means of bolts in the usualmanner; and the opposite end of the elbow has a similar liange, e, forattaching thereto, by bolts or other suitable means, an interiorscrew-threadedflange, E, the threads thereon engaging with those on thepipe-section B. In attaching this connection to the casing A of thepump, the pipe-section B is first securely bolted to the casing, afterwhich the jam-nut or ring C is screwed on far enough to allow the flangeE to engage the threads on the extremity of the section,and then theflange e of the suction-elbow is bolted or otherwise fastened to theflange E and adjusted to the position desired. The nut or ring C is nowscrewed against the ange by means of a lever-wrench or other suitabletool, which holds the suction-elbow in place.
The screw-threads on the pipe-section and the screw-flange on thesuction-elbow enables a connection between the two that will admit ofthe easy and quick adjustment of the elbow withoutremoving any of thebolts or detaching the elbow,andit is held in this adj usted position bythe jam-nut or ring C. l
Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-
The combination, with the casing of a centrifugal pump and ascrew-threaded pipe-section provided with a ange, a, connected to theside thereof around or over the opening in the casing by the bolts b, ofa suction-elbow formed with ange e, the interiorly-threaded ange E,secured to the iiange e and engaging the threads of the pipe-section,and the interiorly-threaded nut or ring C, independent of the flange Eand adjustable on the pipe-section and adapted to be jammed against theback of the flange E,substantially as shown and described, and for thepurpose specified.
In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my namein the presence of two witnesses.
EDGAR LOUIS STREAM..
' Witnesses:
ANDREW HERO, .I r., EUGENE DowTY.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1888-08-07"
}
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US-28514352-A
|
Multichannel communication systems
May 217, '195-8'Y N. WEINTRAUB MULTICHANNEL zCOMMUIMICMION SYSTEMS FiledApril 50, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 27, 1958 N. WEINTRAUB MULTICHANNELCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Apr-11 so, 1952 Filed UELAYL//VEINPUT A DELAY LINE 7A P#/ ouTPL/'T M00. #l SAWMOTH /NPl/T M00 D PULSEOUTPUT l VAR/ABLE WITH PEPAGATION TIME PULSE SHAPE/2 E /NPf/T ZUZ PULSESHAPE? OUTPUT @all-l DELAY LINE MPa?? To aEMoD. FoR CHANNEL# OUTPUT T/MEINVENTOR NELSN WENTAUB /Qf'yf 7 ATTORNEY United States Patent CMULTICHANNEL Cos/nviUNicarioN esternare Nelson Weintraub, Irvington, N.i, assigner to international Telephone and 'eiegraph Corporation, acorporation of Maryiand Application April 30, 1952, erial No. 235,143
8 Qiairns. (Cl. 179-15) This invention relates to a control arrangementsuch as in a multichannel communication system and more particularly toa pulse time modulation system employing in the termiuai equipment asingle delay line for sets of circuits such as both the adjacentmultiplex modulator and multiplex demodulator sections.
Heretofore pulse time modulation system terminals employed therein aseparate delay device to activate the multiplex modulator to produce themultichannel pulse wave and a separate delay device to activate themultiplex demodulator to aid in the separation of a multichannel pulseWave into separate trains of modulated pulses ano reproduce therefromthe modulating signal. Furthermore, in the multiplex demodulatorherebefore ernployed, there is needed a marker separator and pulsegenerator circuit which amplifics and shapes the incoming pulse wavefrom the R.F. receiver, delivers the ampiilied and reshaped pulse waveto channel demodulator units, separates the marker pulse from theincoming pulse wave, and generates from the marker pulse control pulses,one for alarm and one for each individual channel demodulator. Toaccomplish these functions, the marker separator and pulse generatorcircuit includes at least nine electron discharge devices and associatedcircuitry.
l have discovered that the duplication of delay devices and employmentof a complicated markerseparator and pulse generator circuit is notnecessary in a pulse time modulation system for desired multichannelcommunication Where the multiplex modulator and muitiplex demodulatorare adjacent, such as in the terminal equipment employed therein.Therefore, it is an object of my invention to provide a simpliiied pulsecommunication terminal system; and a further object is to provideterminal equipment which employs the same delay device and multichannelpulse sources for sets of circuits such as both the modulators anddemodulators of the terminal.
A feature of this invention is the employment of an oscillator aud apulse generator to produce a base pulse including a normalpositive-going pulse for generation of the marker pulse plus anegative-going pulse, delayed a predetermined amount from the M pulse todemodulate the channel pulses of the multichannel pulse Wave signalreceived by the RFF. receiver.
Another feature o5 this invention is the delay device common to both theadjacent multiplex modulator and multiplex demodulator to produce aseries of positivegoing and negative-going pulses in a time sequence forapplication to respective modulator units and demodulator units.
A further feature of this invention is the elimination of the markerseparator-pulse generator circuit of systems heretofore proposed and thesubstitution of a pulse Shaper for properly shaping the incomingmultichannel pulse Wave prior to application tothe multiplexdemodulator.
The above-mentioned and other features Vand objects of this inventionwill become more apparent by reference to the following descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. l is a block diagram of an adjacent multiplex modulator andmultiplex demodulator employed in a pulse time modulation systemfollowing the principles of this invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates graphically the functions of Fig. l; and
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of s unit A of Fig. l.
Referring to Fig. l, an embodiment of the terminal equipment of a pulsetime modulation system is shown which incorporates 23 active channelsplus one marker pulse channel for communication purposes. Theapplication of this invention is not necessarily restricted to thisnumber of active channels, but will be employed herein for the purposeof explanation.
In accordance with this invention, pulse time modulation terminalequipment, comprising the multiplex modulator 1 and the multiplexdemodulator 2 in an adjacent relationship, employs a common delay line 3and a source 4 of complex base pulses for production of the channelpulses to be modulated in modulator 1 and for separating the differentchannels into separate trains of modulated pulses for reproduction ofthe original signals in demodulator 2. The output from modulator 1 iscoupled to the R.F. transmitter 5 for transmission of the multichannelpulse Wave in one direction of the radio link., While a similarmultichannel pulse wave will be received in R.F. receiver 6 going in theopposite direction on the radio link.
The complex base pulse source 4 for a 23 active channel system hereinillustrated comprises a base frequency oscillator and puse generator 7and a Unit A for production of the positive M pulses and a negativecounterpart, as shown by pulses 8 and 9, respectively, herein at an 8kc. rate. The operation of this source 4 is as follows. Oscillator andpulse generator '7 produce a square Wave pulse 8 which is coupled toUnit A, the pulse converter unit, wherein the positive-going pulse isconverted to a pulse substantially as indicated by complex base pulse 10of Fig. 1 and curve A of Fig. 2 to provide the appropriate pulse inputto the microsecond delay line 3. Fig. 3 illustrates schematically anembodiment of such a circuit. Pulse 8 is coupled to electron dischargedevice 137, shown herein to be of the pentode type, but may be any typeto achieve the desired result of pulse production herein required,through terminal 138 from generator '7. The anode 139 of device 13S iscoupled to a 3.5 microsecond delay line 140 terminated in a shortcircuit. rqihis shorted termination lor delay line etectively produces areected pulse 9, out of phase with respect to pulse 8. Thus, the outputfrom anode i355 is substantially as shown in curve A of Fig. 2 but 180out of phase as shown by pulse 141 in Fig. 3. For proper operation ofthe overall systems, it is required that the width of M pulse or pulse 3be less than the delay of delay line 140. Therefore, the Width of pulse8 and the delay shown herein is not the only combination available aslong as the above-mentioned requirement be maintained. In the embodimentof the pulse converter unit herein illustrated, the actual deiay andconversion takes place at one point, at the anode 139. As mentionedabove, pulse 141 is 180 out of phase with pulse 10 of Fig. 1.` To invertpulse 141, it is necessary to employ electron discharge device 142` Asillustrated, device 142 is a pentode type device but may be any type toperform the inversion and maintain a gain of approximately one or lesswith the associated circuitry illustrated. Thus, with device 142 havinga gain of approximately one and device 137 having a gain slightly higherthan one,
l tem.
the overall gain of unit A will be approximately one, which when pulsedby pulse 8 of sucient amplitude, say 120 volts, the pulse l@ to device 3will not exceed this amplitude. The pulse 10 shown in curve A, theoutput at terminal 143,( indicates the approximate duration'of thepulses S and 9, and the approximate required delay between the leadingedges of these pulses for the system herein being described.
Delay line 3 includes 24 taps for removing activating pulses in apredetermined time relationship, one tap to activate Ythe marker pulsegenerator 11 of modulator 1 and the other taps to provide successivelydelayed pulses, similar to pulse 10, for activation of the channelmodulator units 12-34. The marker generator 11 may be any Vsuitabledevice capable of producing Ya pair of marker pulses, each pulse of thepair being of very short dura tion and being spaced closely together soas to be distinguished from the channel pulses. YSuch a marker generatoris described inV the patent to D. D. Grieg, No. 2,485,591, OctoberV 25,1949, entitled MultichannelSys- Themarker generator employed herein anddescribed fully in the above-cited patent may be activated fromy anypulse source, but preferably from the same source as used for producingthe signal modulated channel pulses,` such as source Ahereinillustrated.Y In such a case, theY pulse l@ may be coupled to a suitablereflecting delay line contained in generator 11 to produce two positivepulses of very short duration and spaced very closely together. it isimportant that the time spacing between the Atwo pulses of the markerpair is less than the space between them and any other pulses or betweenany otherl Y The modulator units `12-34 may be any suitable deviceactivated 'by a pulse source and signal energy from signal sources forproduction of time modulated channel pulses.
Such'a modulator unit is shown and describedV in Ythe previously citedGrieg patent, and further embodiments adaptable `to the presentinvention may be found in the patents toVE.VI.ajbiuV No. 2,445,783, July27, 1948, Ven- Vtitled Transmission Systems; E. Labin-D. D. Grieg, No.2,429,631, October 28,Y 19.47, entitled fModulator'System;,and rl3; M.Deloraine-J. L. l'iearing,v No. 2,429,613, October ,28,`l947, entitledPulse Multiplex CommunicationSystemff i By reason of thefresistor 35 andcapacitor 36, the input to modulator unit 12 Vis sawtooth in shapefasVshown by pulse 37 in curve C of Fig. 2. The positive-goingipulse 38produces, in the manner described by the above-cited VV41163 fto@producea VKtime displacementfof the various channel pulses 'from'theirrespective 'quiescent points, the
Y tion time is less than the arbitrary case selected, then ythe fdisplacementsthereof.being Vrepliesentative oftheY modul lating signalenergies. 'I-heseY time modulated channel Y pulses are, applied to mixer674 ,'whereinthe pulses of the variouschannels plus theV marker pulseare amplified and interleavedfina timeY VrelationshipY establishedfbydelay 4 Y device 3. The mixer 64 may be similar to the mixer employedinthe above-cited Patent No. 2,485,591` to D. D. Grieg. The mixer 64shouldV comprise therein a suitable device for interleaving or combiningthe trains of pulse from the separate channel modulators 12-34 plus themarker pulse from generator 11, so that the energy in one channel pulsetrain will not be fed Iback into the circuit of anotherY Suitable meansfor accomplishing this is to provide a parallel arrangement of 'triodesin which the separate pulse trains are applied to the appropriate gridsof the plurality of triode's and the plate circuits thereof arecombined. The'r'esultlng output from! mixer 64, shown inY pulse train 65of Fig-1 wherein the channel pulses are in their quiescent positions,is`coupled to the R.F. transmitter 5 for translation of the PTM pulsetrains into R.F. energy for transmission over Vthe radio link.
Receiver 6 located in the same equipment as transmitter 5 receives amultichannel pulse wave, similar toV the multichannel pulse wavetransmitted, from either a repeater station or another terminal, as thecase may be. The receiver 6 output, as seen in curve E `of Fig. 2, iscoupled to the pulse Shaper 6a. This pulse train will be variable intime with respect to thepulse driving the 125 microsecond delay line 3,being dependent upon the propagation time of Vthe multi-channel pulseWavereceived at receiver'. An adjustable delay device 6b is ceiver 6 forapplication to the demodulator units.66 88,V
replacing nine stages of the marker separator-pulse generator circuitsherebefore employed. The output of shaper 6a, Yfor an arbitrary Vcasewhere the channel #l pulse fallsY approximately 6X5.2 microseconds latertha the M pulse, is shown in curve F of Fig. 2.- Y-
With the arbitrary case shown herein, yinrorder toY demodulate channel#1, it is necessary to apply the output from tap #7 of the delay device3 and feed this pulse 89, similar to pulse 10a, having a time positionequal to 6 5-2 microseconds later than thatV of pulse 10a, to
V demodulator unit 66 which may be of the plug-in type.
The'pulse 89 is shown'incurveG of Fig. 2 compared in time to pulse 10aand in position to Ithe channel #1 I pulse of curve F. Each of thedemodulator units 66-88 receives a low impedance pulse train from delayunit 6b. Thus with the aid of the negative portionV of'tap #7 output,pulse 89, the channel #l may be separated and demodulated to reproducethe modulating signal contained inthe channel #l pulse train. Channels2-23 areV demodulated` in a similar manner by pulses from successivetaps of delay line 3, forexample as shownin curves F and G the tap #loutput Vwill demodulate channel #19. The tap connected to the channeldemodulators depends upon the propagation time of the received signalwith respect `to the markerpulse. If thepropagation time of the receivedsignal is greater than the arbitrary case selected, then the tapconnected to channel #l demodulator will beadvanced to maybe tap #9 orl0, depending uponV the propagationtime. If the propagatap connected tochannel #l demodulator'may be tap #5 Vor 6, depending upon thepropagation time. In either Ycase the succeeding channelV demodulators'will be connected to the succeeding delay` taps of device 3 to properlyeiect the separation and Vdemodulation ofthe channel V, pulse trainscontained in the multichannel 1511156 Wave. Y
TheV demodulator units 66-88 employed herein may beV any device capableof separating the multichannel pulse wave into channel pulse ,trainsandperforming a demodu-VY gaseosa lation action thereon to reproduce themodulating signal present in each of the channels. Such a device isdescribed in the above-cited D. D. Grieg Patent No. 2,485,591, and afurther embodiment adaptable to this present invention may 'be found byreferring to the abovecited E. M. Deloraine and l. L. Fearing Patent No.2,429,613.
The delay line 3 inputs to demodulator units 66-88 are isolatedtherefrom by resistors 91-113 so that no elect is felt on the modulator1 side of the delay device 3. Small timing errors, less than one-half of5.2 microseconds, which may occur due to the propagation time of themultichannel pulse wave input to receiver 6, are taken care of bypartially integrating the pulses from the delay line 3 to the variousdemodulator units 66-88 with the aid of condensers lili-136 and theresistors 91-1l3 and also by proper manipulation of the delay device 6b.The resulting input to demodulator units 66-88 is substantially as shownby pulse 37 of curve C of Fig. 2. Although the positive portion 38 ofthe pulse will operate certain portions of the demodulator units 66-88,no harmful elect results in the reproduction of the channels audiointelligence since the effect of the positive portion of pulse 37 isremoved by clipping at a predetermined level prior to the extraction ofthe audio intelligence. Separation and demodulation of the plurality ofchannels are effected by the negative part of the pulse from the delayline 3, and the demodulator units 66-88 are eiectively insensitive topositive impulses as described in the above-cited patents relating todemodulators.
Hence, equipment in a pulse time modulation system wherein the multiplexmodulator l and the multiplex demodulator 2 are adjacent may besimplified for a system employing therein any desired number ofchannels. To achieve modulation and demodulation of communicationsystems following the principles of this invention, there is requiredthe addition of unit A to provide a conversion of the usual base pulseto a complex base pulse having a positive pulse portion and a negativepulse portion delayed therefrom a given amount for employment primarilyin the demodulation process, said unit A may comprise a simple delayevice to achieve the proper delay and an electron discharge device toachieve the proper converting operation. By introducing this increase ofelectron discharge devices and associated circuitry, it is possible toeliminate one of the two delay lines presently being employed in PTMsystems and a major portion of the presently employed markerseparator-pulse generator circuit. rherefore, the employment of thisinvention results in a saving of equipment and space necessary to mountthe equipment. Not only is a saving accomplished by'employment of thisinvention, but the process of demodulating the incoming multichannelpulse wave is altered somewhat and made simpler than the process andcircuitry involved in the present demodulation systems.
While l have described above the principles of my invention inconnection with speciiic apparatus, it will be clear to those skilled inthe art that instead of pulse time modulation, other forms of modulationsuch as pulse amplitude, pulse width, or pulse code may be employedWithout departing from the invention. Therefore, it is to be clearlyunderstood that this description is made only by vvay of example and notas a limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the objectsthereof and in the accompanying claims.
l claim:
l. In a multichannel pulse communication system, a source of gate pulsesrecurrent at a given repetition frequency having a portion of onepolarity and another portion of the opposite polarity, a delay linecoupled to said source, said delay line having a plurality of outputconnections for diierent delay timing, a plurality of channel pulsemodulators, a signal source for each of said modulators, means couplingsaid modulators to cach of said output connections for interleaving thechannel pulses Vof Vsaid modulators in a time relation according to thegate pulse portion of said one polarity for transmission as a train ofchannel pulses, a plurality of demodulators for a received train ofchannel pulses, and means coupling said demodulators to each of saidoutput connections for electing separation and demodulation of thechannel pulses of said received train according to the time relation ofthe gate pulse portion of said opposite polarity.
. In a communication system according to claim l, wherein said gatepulse source comprises a base repetition frequency oscillator, a pulsegenerator, and la pulse converter for converting pulses received fromsaid pulse gate pulses each having a pulse portion of v and anotherpulse portion of the opposite one pulse portion being delayed withrespect to the other pulse portion.
3. En a communication system according to claim l, wherein said meanscoupling said modulators to said output connections comprises a resistorconnected to each or said output connections, a condenser coupled inseries between each o said resistors and a reference potential and aconductor means connected between the junction ot said resistor andcondenser and said modulators, said resistor and said condenserproviding isolation of said modulators from said demodulators andintegration of the pulses applied from the said delay device to saidmodulators.
4. In a communication system according to claim l, wherein said meanscoupling said demodulators to said output connections comprises aresistor connected to cach ot' said output connections, a condensercoupled in series between each of said resistors and a referencepotential and a conductor means connecting between the junction of saidresistor and condenser and said demodulators, said resistor and saidcondenser providing isolation of said demodulators from said modulatorsand integration of the pulses applied from said delay device to saiddemodulators, said demodulators being coupled sequentially to given onesof said output connections depending upon the propagation time of saidreceived train and the pulse timing of said output connections.
5. in a multichannel pulse communication system, a 45 source of complexgate pulses recurrent at a given repetition frequency each having asecond pulse portion delayed with respect to a rst pulse portion, adelay line coupled to said source, said delay line having a plurality oioutput connections for different delay timing of said complex gatepulses, a plurality of channel pulse modulators, a signal source foreach of said modulators, means coupling said modulators in sequence toeach or said output connections for interleaving the channel pulses ofsaid modulators in a time relation according to the first pulse portionof said complex gate pulses for transmission as a train of channelpulses, a plurality of channel pulse separators for a received train ofchannel pulses, and means coupling said separators in sequence to eachof said output connections for effecting separation of the channelpulses of said received train in accordance with the time relation ofthe secondpulse portion of said complex gate pulses, the sequentialconncction of said demodulators starting at an output connection spaceda given number of said output connections from the start of thesequential connection of said modulators.
6. ln a communication system according to claim 5, wherein said complexgate pulse source comprises a base repetition frequency oscillator, apulse generator, and a pulse converter for converting pulses receivedfrom said pulse generator to said complex gate pulses, the first por-`put connections comprises aY resistor connectedto each- V8.'In acommunication system according tolclaim 5,
@wherein said meansvcoupling said separators with said ,output`connections comprises a resistor connected to each ,of said outputconnections, a condenser coupled in 'series between each of saidresistors and a reference potential and'a conductor means connectedbetween the junction Y.of vsaid resistor and condenser `and saidseparators, said ,resistor and rsaidjconclenser providing isolationYof,;said
separators, from said rnodulatcnsA and VYintegration ,of theKpulses.aprflid 1fr9m SadQdelaxdeN/ice torsaird separators, ySaidseparators' being cqupled sequentiallypt@ givenfnes of (said outputconnections'depending uponthe'propagation time pfsaidureceived train andthe pulse timingof said output connections. Y i
References'Y Cited inthe lerof this patent l; Y [i UNITED STATESVVPATENTS Y,
2,471,416 Deloraine et al. May 31, 1949 i 2,527,558 Levy V' O CC.31,1195() V2,541,076 Labinret al. Feb. 13, 1951 2,557,950 DeloraineIuner26f195'1 2,579,010 Y Staal Oct.`v2,vr1951
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2024-03-22
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1952-04-30
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1958-05-27"
}
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US-6149D-A
|
Elijah pratt and raymond graverend
PRATT & GRAVEREND.
Suspending Telegraph Wires.
Patented Feb. 27,1849.
.UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,
ELIJAH PRATT AND RAYMOND GRAVEREND, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
IMPROVEMENT IN SUSPENDIN G TELEGRAPH-WlRES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 6,149 dated February27, 1849.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, ELI-TAR PRATT and RAYMOND GRAVEREND, of New York,in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certainnew and useful Improvemen tsin SuspendingTelegraph-Wires forGreatDistances; and we do hereby declare thatthefollowingisafull,clear,andexactdescriptionofthe principle orcharacter which distinguishes them from all other things before known,and of the usual manner of making, modifying, and using the same,reference being had to the accom panying drawings, in which- Figure l isa side elevation of the suspension-posts and gum-elastic support. Fig. 2is a method of taking up the slack of the wire. Fig. 3 is a modificationof the same.
The nature of our invention consists in suspending a stretchedgum-elastic band, cord, or tube on posts or other suitable permanentfixtures, on or through which a wire is suspended in the air fordistances of great length for the passage of telegragh-wires acrossrivers, and in other similar situations.
By experiment we have found that a gumelastic tube or cord stretched tofive times its length when in its normal state will suspend a greater.weight than any metallic or other substance according to its weight withwhich we are acquainted, and that a tube or cord stretched to the degreeabove named, when sustained on posts in a horizontal line, will, inconsequence of its contractile power, remain in a straight line, ornearly so, and be capable of sustaining a small wire, sufficient toconvey the current for telegraphic purposes, which passes through it ifit is hollow, or is fastened to its outside in any convenient way. Thiselastic band'will, of course, be subject to be somewhat stretched outand swayed by the wind, and consequently if the wire was made rigid, itwould be liable to be broken.
To obviate this difliculty we either coil a portion of the wire into aspiral form at certain intervals, as shown at a, Fig. 2, or we extend itdown in a loop at either end, as represented at b, Fig. 3, in whichlatter case we suspend a sufficient weight to it to enable it to recoverposition when the elastic cord comes back to place.
Having thus fully described our improvementand its modification, what weclaim therein as new, and for which we desire to secure Letters Patent,is
Suspending telegraphic wires across rivers by means of a stretchedgum-elastic band or tube, substantially in the manner and for thepurpose set forth.
ELIJAH PRATT. RAYMOND GRAVEREND. Witnesses to the signature of E. Pratt:
J. J. GREENOUGH, WVM. GREENOUGH. Witnesses to the signature of R.Graverend JOHN G. ADAMSON, JAMES F. FINEGAN.
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1849-02-27"
}
|
US-78702347-A
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Addition of urea to viscose
Juan
Patented Aug. 11, 1953.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Gergxzi j il ift fj i izgz g fia assignor toAmerican Viscoseflorporation, Wilmington, Del-., a corporation" ofDelaware No Drawing. Ap iidatimj yo ember 19,1947, Serial No. 787,023"
30laims. (o1. 166L165)" This-invention relates to fibers and yarns com--prising regenerated cellulose characterized by high breaking toughnessand low average"stifi-- ness, and to the production of such fibers andyarns from viscose;
Breaking toughness is defined as the work required to break a givenyarn, and has the dimensions gram centimeters per denier centimeter. Itis numerically equal to the area under the stress-strain curve obtainedfrom various tensile strength testing machines. Average stiffness is ameasure of the extensibility of the yarns at a given load and isnumerically equal to the ratio of-thetensile strength at break, to theelongation at break. The terms breaking toughness and average stiffnessare explained in detail in the paper by Harold De Witt Smith, publishedin the Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, vol.44, 1944, pp. 589-90.
In the past, the production of fibers and yarns from viscose having thecombined characteristics of high breaking toughness, and lowaverage'stiffness, has invariably involved changes in' the compositionand salt test of the Viscose, as Well as in the spinning conditions, ascompared to the Viscoses and spinning conditions normally used 'for'the.production of fibers and yarns.
The object of the present invention is to produce fibers and yarnscharacterized by high' breaking toughness and low average stiffness fromconventional viscoses having normal so- -dium hydroxide and cellulosecontent, of normal sa1t point (as determined by the standard sodiumobtained from a normal viscose of the same sodium hydroxide andcellulose content and salt point, and under the same spinningconditions, but in the absence of urea admixed withthevis cose.
The effective amounts of urea are in the range of from about 1 to 5%,based on the weight of the viscose.
Any normal viscose may be'used. Such normal- 'viscose" have a sodiumhydroxide content of from 6 to '8%,-based'on thewei'ght of the viscose,cellulose contentof from 6 to 8%, based on the weightof the viscose, andsalt points in the range or frame to 6.
The mixture comprisingviscose and from about 1' to5%' of urea by weightmay be spun into adueo'u's' acid spinning baths containing from about8to'l2% sulfuric acid, from about 2 to 5% zinc sulfate, and from about 16to 20% sodium sulfate; the baths being maintained at normal temperaturesof from about 55 C.
In all instances, the ureaexerts a marked effect upon the breakingtoughness and average stiffness' 'o'f the fibers and yarns obtained.However, in generaLthe effects of'the urea are more noticeable in thecase'of viscoses having the lower salt points in the range of 3 to 6stated. The lower the'saltpoint (i. e. the more highly ripene'd or agedthe viscose) the greater the increase in the breaking toughness, and thegreater the decrease in average stifiness of the fibers an'dyarnsobtained, v i
The urea may be added at any stage in the course of the viscoseproduction, but preferably the1ur'eais admixed with the viscoseimmediately after its p'roduction and prior to storage thereof forripening', during storage of the viscose for ripening," on after theviscose has been ripened and immediately prior to spinning the fibers oryarns. The urea does not substantially efi'ect the saltpoint' of theviscose, or the processes which normally take place during ripeningthereof.
The following specific examples will serve to illustrate the invention.In carrying out the processes of the'examples, the stress-strain curvementioned bySmith' (supra) was obtained by means of theScottinclinedplane tensile strength testing machine which is described in detail inthe'arti'cleby'A. Stuart Hunter, entitled Importanceof Uniformity in theConstant Rate of Loading'iwith the Scott Inclined Plane Serigraph,American'isilkand Rayon Journal, January 1937.
Example 1 About2.5% of ureawas added, with stirring, toarviscosecontaining'about 7.8% sodium hydroxide'andr'about' 7.5% ofcellulose, by weight,-'
denier yarn wh'ich 'was 'g-iven a godet stretch of 1 Qn testing," theyarn was found to have a dry breaking toughness of"51.9 gJcm/d. cm. and
average stiffness of 23.2, wet breaking toughness of 28 g. cm./d. cm.and wet average stiffness of 13.6. This compared with a dry breakingtoughness of only 38.8 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiflness of 27.2; wetbreaking toughness of 20.9 g. -cm./ d. cm., and wet average stiffness of21.5 for a yarn spun from a viscose of the same composition, under thesame conditions, but which did not contain urea.
Emample 2 To a viscose containing 7.8% sodium hydroxide and 7.5%cellulose, and having a salt point of 5.9, there was added 1.25% of,urea by weight. The viscose was then spun into an aqueous bathcontaining about 11% sulfuric acid, about zinc sulfate, and about sodiumsulfate, to produce a 150 denier, filament yarn, which was given a godetstretch of about 69%. The yarn was after-treated in the usual manner,and dried, after which it was tested for breaking toughness and averagestiffness. It was found to have a dry breaking toughness of 51.8 g.cm./d. cm., and average stiffnes of 17.0; wet breaking toughness of 37.7g. cm./d. cm., and wet average stiffness of 9.5. A similar yarn,produced from a viscose of the same salt point and basic composition,but not containing urea, was found to have a dry breaking toughness ofonly 47.8 g.
cm./d, cm. and average stiffness of 18.7, and wet breaking toughness of32.3 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 9.9.
Example 3 About 2.5% of urea was added, with stirring, to a viscosecontaining about 7.8% sodium hydroxide and about 7.5% cellulose, byweight, and having a salt point of 5.1. The viscose was then spun intoan aqueous bath containing about 10.6% sulfuric acid, about 3% zincsulfate and about 18% sodium sulfate to produce a 40 filament, 150denier yarn which was given a godet stretch of 53%. On testing, the yarnwas found to have a dry breaking toughness of 54.4 g. cm./d. cm., andaverage stiffness of 11.2; wet breaking toughness of 45.7 g. cm./ d.cm., and wet average stiffness of 5.2. This compared with a dry breakingtoughness of 48.8 g. cm./d. cm., and average stiffness of 12.6; wetbreaking toughness of 34.7 g. cm./d. cm. and Wet average stiifness of5.7 for a yarn spun from the same viscose, under the same conditions,but in the absence of urea.
Example 4 A yarn was produced from a viscose as described in Example 3,containing 2.5% urea by weight. The spinning conditions were the same asin Example 3 except that the yarn was given a godet stretch of 73%. Theyarn had a dry breaking toughness of 51 g. cm./d. cm. and averagestiffness of 17.5; wet breaking toughness of 36.1 g. cm./d. cm. and Wetaverage stifiness of 9.5, as compared to a dry breaking toughness of37.7 g. cm./ d. cm. and average stiffness of 20.6, and wet breakintoughness of 24.2 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 11.5, for ayarn produced under the same conditions, from a viscose of the samecellulose and sodium hydroxide content, but not containing urea.
7.3% cellulose, and having a salt point of 5.4. The viscose having theurea admixed with it was then spun into an aqueous bath containing about11.1% sulfuric acid, about 4.8% zinc sulfate, and about 19.8% sodiumsulfate, to produce a 40 filament, denier yarn which was given a stretchof about 44% between godets. This yarn had a dry breaking toughnes of48.1 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 10.4; wet breaking toughnessof 40.3 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 4.9. A similar yarn,from a viscose of the same sodium hydroxide and cellulose content, andof the same salt point, obtained under the same conditions, but in theabsence of urea admixed with the viscose, had a dry breaking toughnessof only 45 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of 13.5; wet breakingtoughness of 33.6 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 5.9.
Example 6 5% of urea was added with stirring to a vis cose containingabout 7.5% sodium hydroxide: and about 7.6% cellulose, and having a saltpoint of 5.4. The viscose was then spun into an aque-- ous bathcontaining about 10.9% sulfuric acid, about 4.7% zinc sulfate, and about20% sodium. sulfate, to produce a 40 filament, 150 denier yam which wasgiven a godet stretch of about 65%.. The yarn was then after-treated anddried in the usual way. The dried yarn had a dry breaking: toughness of51.4 g. cm./d. cm. and average stiffness of only 14.9; wet breakingtoughness of 32.2; g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness of 4.9.. Yarnobtained from a viscose of the same fundamental composition but whichdid not contain'. urea was found to have a dry breaking tough-- ness ofonly 44.4 g. cm. /d. cm. and average stiffness as high as 18.8; wetbreaking toughness of" 25.5 g. cm./d. cm. and wet average stiffness. of9.8.
As is apparent from the foregoing examples;
the fibers and yarn spun in accordance with the. conventional wetspinning technique from a viscose containing the indicated small amountsof urea are distinguished by increased breaking? toughness and decreasedaverage stiffness by vir-- tue of which they are especially welladapted; to use in which they are subjected to severe: stresses andstrains, such as the flexing to which: yarns comprising tire cords areexposed. The fibers and yarns have generally increased tensile:strengths ranging from about 2.7 to 3 gms/denier and high elongations offrom about 17 to 23%.
As has been indicated, the salt point of the viscose may be from 3 to 6,and the amount of. urea present may be from 1 to 5%. Generallyspeaking,the influence of the urea on the breaking toughness and averagestiffness of the yarns:v and fibers obtained from any given viscosecon-' taining normal amounts of cellulose and sodium. hydroxide, withinthe ranges indicated, is most?- pronounced, the lower the salt point ofthe viscose. within the stated range of 3 to 6. At salt points; of fromsay, 3 to 4, the effects of the urea on. the breaking toughness andaverage stiffness are: more pronounced even when the urea is present; inthe smaller amounts.
The urea exerts its modifying effects on the properties of the fiberseither prior to or duringtheir spinning or at any rate prior to finalsetting up of the fibers. The fibers, after their with-- drawal from thebath and after-processing in; accordance with the usual procedures,including: final washing, are found to be substantially en-- tirely freeof urea.
Since it will be obvious that changes and varia-- tions maybe madeincarrying out the invention,.
t hi 5 it will be understood that the invention is not to be limitedexcept as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A fiber-forming composition consisting of a mixture of viscosecontaining, by weight, from about 6 to about 8% of sodium hydroxide andfrom about 6 to about 8% of cellulose, and havin a sodium chloride salttest value of from 3 to 6, with from 1 to 5% by weight of urea.
2. As a fiber-forming composition, a mixture of viscose with about 1 to5% by weight of organic water-soluble material consisting of urea, theurea being the sole organic water-soluble material in the mixture, saidcomposition having normal ageing characteristics.
3. As a fiber-forming composition, a mixture of viscose containing about6 to about 8% of sodium hydroxide by weight and about 6 to about 8% byweight of cellulose, with about 1 to 5% by weight of organicwater-soluble material consisting of urea, the urea being the soleorganic water-soluble material in the mixture, the composition having-a. sodium chloride salt point oil 3 to 6.
GEORGE ALVIN RICHTER, JR.
References Cited in the file of this patent
2. AS A FIBER-FORMING COMPOSITION, A MIXTURE OF VISCOSE WITH ABOUT 1 TO5% BY WEIGHT OF ORGANIC WATER-SOLUBLE MATERIAL CONSISTING OF UREA, THEUREA BEING THE SOLE ORGANIC WATER-SOLUBLE MATERIAL IN THE MIXTURE, SAIDCOMPOSITION HAVING NORMAL AGEING CHARACTERISTICS.
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2024-03-22
|
1947-11-19
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1953-08-11"
}
|
US-70958624-A
|
Universal wheel drive
Jul 27,1926. 1,594,103
' M. G. M NEELY UNIVERSAL WHEEL DRIVE Filed April 28, 1924 INVENTORATTORNEYS IA aa- Patented July 27, 1926.
' Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MARION e. m-iIEELY, or OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.
UNIVERSAL WHEEL DRIVE.
Application filed April 28, 1924. Serial No. 709,586.
This invention relates to universal drives ,in general but in particularto such drivesayllien applied to the front wheels of automo- Theparticular objects of my invention are. to provide a drive of this kind.which will have very little influence onthe steering of the wheels, becompact, dust proof, simple in assembly, rugged in use, efiicient andfree from noise.
In general outward appearance the drive is similar to the one shown inmy former patent on a front drive for motor vehicles, No. 1,450,099, butvaries considerably in in- 1 ternal arrangement of its parts and wherebythe im rovements mentioned are effected.
In t e drawings accompanying this specification, Fi ure 1 shows inelevation my universal whee drive applied to the front wheel of anautomobile and secured to the axle W housing and road springs. Fi ure 2is an enlarged central section of the drive mechanism in position shownin Figure 1. j 2 Figure 3 is an end view of one of the universal jaws toshow its spherical segment form. I
Figure 4: is a plan view of the split gimbal and Figure 5 shows one halfof the split g'imbal. v v
By a more detailed consideration of the drawings it will be seen thatthe axle hous ing (1) supports a oke (2) which has a hub (3) secured tothe ousing. On the hub (3) of the yoke is a spring anchor plate (3) towhich the vehicle road springs (32) are secured to support the frame ofthe vehicle.
The housing 1) forms one of the axle extension coverings from a commondiflerential housing not shown, and from the differential within theaxle housing extends a driving axle (4). Secured to the yoke (2) bytrunnion pivots (5) at diametrically opposite vertical points is a largering shaped 6 (10) and the outer shell (9) hasa spindle double thrustand radial ball bearing (6).- This bearing, is made of three parts plus9 forming a (11) projecting centrally therefrom andnon-rotatablysupporting the front wheel (12) of the automobile. The twoshells being bolted to the inner ball bearing member revolve with itwhen the wheel revolves, the yoke meanwhile hold ing the outer memberson the-vertical trunnions (5) to permit steering the wheel by means'ofthe forked steering rod (13) pivoted to the hearing by a clip (14)'secilred thereto. I j j The driving axle (4). is rotatably mountedwithin the housing (1) and has a square or other angular or splinedextension (4) projecting within the spherical enclosure, and the outershell (9) has a similar square driving stub (15) integrally formedthereon and also projecting within the enclosure.
Connecting the squared axle (4) and stub (15) is a universal jointespecially formed to fit within the spherical enclosure. This jointcomprises trunnion jaws or arms (16) and (17 each being outwardly formedto the spherical curvature of the enclosure and having internal hubs(18) and (19 with a square driving hole, one hub 18 engaging the axleand (4) and the other the stub (15) at right angles to each otheras-shown in Figure 2.
These hubs fit smoothly over their respec- 55 the shaft ends so thatthey are free to.
slightly adjust themselves to prevent bind-- ing of the joint.
. At the outer ends of the arms 16) and (17 are inwardly projectingtrunnion ins (20) and (21) and overla ping the our pins is a splitgimbal ring 22): This ring (22) is shown clearly in Figures 4 and 5 andcomprises two duplicate halves with enlargements (23) forming bearingsforeach trunnion. The halves are divided along a line passing throughthe center of the pins (as shown in Figure 2) and secured together byfour bolts or screws (24).
Figure 5 shows one of the halves only, and at (25) will be seen two lugsformed integral with the side. These lugs are adapted to project overthe edge of the other half when the halves are placed together and seatthemselves against finished flat spots (26) on the opposite ring half,thus firmly lockin them against displacement or possibility of bindingthe trunnion bearings shoul the bolts not be a tight fit.
In practice the ring halves will be assembled over the pins with.suitable shims (27) between them so that they may be adjusted for wearof the bearings. v
The drive runs in grease and the shells seal against the inner edges ofthe stationary parts (6) of the bearings by spring rings (28) whileadditional rings (29) between the bearing members seal the lubricant inthe ball races, and a spherical cup orplate (30) held against the shell(8) by a spring (31). seals the opening (10) yet permits freedom of thedrive on the trunnions (5) for steering.
The ease of assembly or removal of the wearing parts of my drive is oneof the princi al advantages of the invention, and it Wlll be noted thatif the outer shell (9) is unbolted from the hearing, all the universalelements may be withdrawn through the forward opening so that theassembly may be placed on a work bench and the split ring (22) may berenewed or tightened over the pins (20) and the complete universal uniteasily replaced within the shell, and that when in the shell enclosurethe universal element having no outward projections fits nicely withinthe enclosureso as tobe stabilized thereby yet is free enough for slightaxial movement on the square driving shafts to insure freedom frombinding of its operating parts.
I claim:
In a universal wheel drive of the character described an annular bearinghaving shells secured to opposite sides thereof forming an enclosuretherebetween, one of said shells bein axially removable from the bearingand liaving a wheel supporting spindle projecting therefrom in the axialline of the bearing and a driving lug projectin within the enclosure, anaxial opening in the other shell with a driving shaft projecting withinthe enclosure and a complete universaljoint within the enclosureengaging the driving lug and the shaft and being free for slight axialmovement therein, the universal joint being axially removable from theenclosure upon removing one of the shells, said universal joint havingopposed jaws with inwardly extending trunnion pins embraced by a splitgimbal ring divided on a plane passing through the longitudinal axes ofthe pins, the halves of said ring each having lugs formed thereonengaging the opposite half of the ring when placed together.
MARION G. MCNEELY.
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2024-03-22
|
1924-04-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1926-07-27"
}
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US-1900030788-A
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Printer's chase.
No. 675,529. Patented lune 4, 190|. P. SEIPEL.
PRINTERS CHASE.
(Application led Sept. 22, 1900.) (No Mod-al.)
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
PHILIP SEIPEIJ, OF VATERTOWN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALE TO J. FRANKLEE, O
E SAME PLACE.
SPEGEFLGATION forming part of Letters :Patent No. 675,529, dated June 4,1901.
Application tiled September 22, 1900. Serial No. 30,788. (No model.)
To @ZZ whom, 2325 may concern.-
Be it known that I, PHILIP SEIPEL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Watertown, in the county of Jefferson and State of New York,have invented a new and useful Printers Chase, of which the following isa specification.
This invention relates to printers chases; and it has for its object toprovide a construcro tion wherein the chase is composed of a numberofseparable parts which maybe variously connected to form chases ofdifferent sizes and forms, and wherein the parts may be readilyassembled and disassembled, and when assembled will be held securely inposition.
Further objects and advantages of the invention are evident from thefollowing description.
In the drawings forming a portion of this 2o specification, and in whichlike numerals of reference indicate similar parts in both views, Figure1 is a horizontal sectional view through the complete chase and showingthe means for holding the parts in their proper positions. Fig. 2 is aplan View showing the chase adjusted to a smaller size.
Referring now to the drawings, the present chase comprises a pluralityof sticks 5 and 6, of which the sticks 5 are shown as outside sticks andthe sticks 6 as inside sticks, although they are the same in everyrespect. Each of the sticks 5 and G has a central perforation 7, formedlongitudinally thereof, and, furthermore, each of said sticks has adovetail lug S at one end and a dovetail socket 9 at its opposite end.
Cooperating with the sticks 5 and 6 are corner-pieces 10 in the form ofright angles, one end of each corner-piece having a dovetail 4o lug 11,while the opposite end has a dovetail recess 12, the lugs and recessesof the sticks being adapted for engagement with the lugs and recesses ofthe corner-angles. Thus when it is desired to form a square chase of agiven size four of the sticks may be engaged with four of thecorner-pieces to form the chase. Each corner-piece has one perforationformed longitudinally through one leg thereof for alinement with theperforation through the 5o engaged stick, while the second leg of thecorner-piece has a recess in its outer end for alinement with thelongitudinal perforation of the stick that is engaged therewith. Thuswhen the four sticks and the four cornerpieces are engaged screws 13 maybe passed 55 through the alining perforations and recesses of thecoruer-pieces and sticks and into the recesses of the corner-pieceswhich register therewith, said recesses being threaded to hold thescrews in place, and by this means lateral 6o displacement of the partsofthe structure will be prevented.
In addition to the sticks and corner-pieces there are provided Tconnections 14, the ends of the heads of which are provided one with adovetail lug l5 and the other with a dovetail recess 16, while the stemsthereof are all provided with dovetail recesses 17. These T connectionsare provided with perforations 18, formed longitudinally through theirheads 7D and additional perforations 20, formed longitudinally throughthe stems and. passing transversely through the heads, the perforationsthus intersecting. The T connections are used when it is desired to forma chase for printing a number of folios, and in this case if four foliosare to be printed the four corner-pieces have each two sticks 5 engagedtherewith, the outer ends of these sticks being engaged with the headsof the T connec- 8o tions. Long screws 21 are then passed through thesticks7 the head of the T connection, and one leg of the corner-'pieceat each side of the chase and into the recess of the leg of the 0ppositecorner-piece, so that the outer frame of the chase is held firmlytogether. With the stems of the T connections are engaged sticks 6, andthe inner ends thereof which are recessed receive the dovetail lugs 22at the ends of a central cross-piece 23, the legs of 9o which areprovided with recesses.
The entire framework is put together before any of the locking screws orrods are put in place, and before placing the screws 21 v short rods 24are engaged with the perforaf- 95 tions, which aline in the sticks G andthe stems of the T connections and the recesses in the centralcross-piece. The screws 2l are then put in place and act to hold therods against displacement.
If the four-folio chase is to be changed to a two-folio chase, the fourcorner-pieces may be' IOO used With two T connections and the propernumber of sticks 5 and 6 to form the chase, as shown in Fig. 2 of thedrawings.
With this construction it will be seen that there is provided aconstruction of chase that may be readily adapted to use under variousconditions and it Will of course be understood that in practice variousmodifications of the specific construction shown may be made and thatany suitable materials and proportions may be used for the various partsWithout departing from the spirit of the invention.
What is claimed is- 1. A sectional chase comprising a frame includingmembers separably connected, crosspieces separably connected With theframe and with each other, means for holding the members of the frame incooperative relation, and means for holding the cross members inposition, the first-named holding means being disposed to hold thesecond-named holding means in position.
2. A sectional chase comprising a frame including separable membershaving longitudinal perforations therethrough, bolts engaged with themembers for holding them in cooperative relation, vcross-piecesseparably connected with each other and with the sides of the frame,said cross-pieces having longitudinal perforations and the frame havingperforations alining with the perforations of the cross-pieces andcommunicating with the longitudinal perforations of the sides of the 3.A sectional chase comprising members 4o having sockets and lugs thesockets and lugs of different members being adapted for interchangeableengagement by lateral movement of the members, said members having alsorecesses and perforations formed longitudinally thereof, and rodsengaged With the alining recesses and perforations to hold the membersagainst lateral movement With respect to each other to disconnect them.
4. A chase comprising a central cross-piece having recesses in its ends,angular cornerpieces, each havinga perforation formed longitudinallythrough one leg and a recess formed in the end of the second leg, Tconnections each having perforations formed longitudinally through itshead and stem, sticks having y longitudinal perforations therethrough,said members having dovetail connections, and rods engaged with thealining perforations and recesses to hold the dovetail connectionsagainst displacement.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto afiixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.
PHILlP SEIPEL.
Witnesses:
HERBERT C. TEEPELL, I-IARTLEY D. SMITH.
|
2024-03-22
|
1900-09-22
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1901-06-04"
}
|
US-86245059-A
|
Process for preparation of certain 4, 4-disubstituted pyrazolones
3,079,397 PRGCESS EUR PREPARATIQN F CERTAHN 4,4=QESUBSTETUTEDYYRAZGLQNES Fernanda Misani Fiordalisi, es Tarnaqnes Way, Westfieid, NJ.No Drawing. Filed Dec. 29, 1959, er. No. 862,450 2 (Zlaims. ((Il.see-sis Structure I is present in several substituted pyrazolones whichare widely known and used as antipyretic agents. Antipyrine, tolypyrine,aminopyrine, melubrine are some of the most important members of thisseries. All these compounds are characterized by the presence of aphenyl group attached to the nitrogen atom in the l-position and amethyl group in the 3-position. The 4-position is usu ally, but notnecessarily, substituted, because for instance it is unsubstituted inantipyrine and tolyprine. The nitro gen atom in the 2-position issubstituted in antipyrine and melubrine, but it is unsubstituted inaminopyrine.
it seems reasonable to conclude that a phenyl group in the l-positionand a methyl group in the 3-position are essential for antipyreticactivity, but that substitution in the 4-position is not essential.
Several 4,4-dimethyl derivatives, as well as Pyrazole Blue andTartrazine, are derived from Formula II. The existence of structure 111has been invoked to explain the products resulting from methylation withdiazornethane or acylation with acid chlorides and alkali, which areO-alkyl and O-acyl derivatives. Several pyrazolone dyes are derived fromstructure iii.
In spite of the extensive research in the field of pyrazolones, nopharmacological or clinical use has ever been reported for any compoundderived from structure II, more specifically for compounds containingtwo substituents in the 4position. in view of the extensive literaturedata in the field of pyrazolones and the absence of any physiologicalactivity of the known pyrazolones derived from structure II, it wasnovel and surprising to find that compounds derived from structure IIpossess significant value as central depressants and more particularlyas anticonvulsants.
" The object of this invention is to prepare 4,4-disubstitutedpyrazolones, which are unsubstituted on the two nitrogen atoms.
Another object of the invention is to describe the novel method used forthe preparation of the compounds of the invention.
Other objects of the invention will appear from the specification andexamples.
The compounds of the invention have the formula:
3,7,3? Patented Feb. 25, 1%53 in which R is an alkyl group containing upto four carbon atoms, R is an aryl group and R" is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen and a low-molecular-weight alkyl group. Itis also possible, according to the invention, that R and R represent thesame substituent.
In view of the essential features indicated above, exhibited bycompounds having antipyretic activity, that is, a phenyl group on thenitrogen in the 1-position and a methyl group in the 3-position, it wasalso novel and unforeseeable that the anticonvulsant activity reachesthe maximum value in 4-methyl-4-phenyl pyrazolone, that is, a compoundwhich is unsubstituted both on the two nitrogen atoms and in the3-position.
The anticonvulsant activity of the compounds of this invention mayperhaps be explained by the fact that they contain the group that is,these compounds are structurally related to known hypnotics and centraldepressants. It is not a mere coincidence that this moiety is found forinstance in hydantoins, disubstituted barbiturates, oxazolidinediones,hexahydropyrimidinediones, Noludar and Doriden.
The fact that the two substituents in the 4-position of the pyrazolonesof this invention are essential to physiological activity is analogousto the barbiturates where S-unsubstituted or S-mOnosubstitutedbarbiturates are well known to be devoid of any physiological activity.Although the mechanism of action of the compounds of the inventionappears to be analogous to the known central depressants, it is to beunderstood that the scope of this invention is not limited bytheoretical consideration of mode of action on the brain centers, mainlybecause such a mode of action is still little known or inadequatelyunderstood.
Anticonvulsant activity is the ability of a compound to preventepileptic seizures, that is, convulsions accom panied by loss ofconsciousness, which are known as grand mal epilepsy, and also theability to control the milder attacks not accompanied by convulsions,known as petit mal.
The method used for the preparation of the compounds of the inventionconsisted of the reaction of an dflxlisdbstituted ester containing acarbonyl group in the ,B-position with hydrazine, as represented below:
According to this equation, R, R and R" have the same meaning asindicated above, that is, R and R may be the same or different and maybe either an alkyl group containing up to four carbon atoms or an arylgroup, and R" may be hydrogen or a low-nolecular-weight alkyl group. Itis also possible that R and R are the same.
The synthesis of the compounds of this invention offered considerablediiliculties. In Karrer Organic Chemistry (Elsevier Publishing Company),4th edition (1950), it is stated on page 798:
A very general synthesis of pyrazolone compounds consists in the actionof hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives on esters of fi-ketonic acids. Ifformyl acetic ester is used in place of the latter, the parentsubstance, the simplest pyrazolone, is formed.
In spite of the statement found inKarrer and in spite of the fact thatthe literature shows many examples of pyrazolone synthesis fromphenylhydrazine and substituted acetoacetic esters, when this basicreaction was applied to the synthesis of the compounds of thisinvention, using hydrazine and disubstituted fi-ketoor p-formyl esters,the reaction was satisfactory only with the lower members. of theseries. For instance, 3,4,4-trimethyl pyrazolone was satisfactorilyprepared from dimethyl acetoacetic ester andhydrazine,'but the reactionfailed when applied to the dibutyl acetoacetic ester. Essentially, thereaction is' an addition of hydrazine to the carbonyl group, complicatedby the basic character of hydrazine, which is a' stronger base thanphenylhydrazine, the lack ofenolization in the ester component becausethe presence of two substitutents in the :x-position' and the relativelyhigher molecular weight of the two s'ubstituents, that is,the butylgroups instead of methyl groups." The lack "of enolization in the estercomponent is responsible for the diificulty in the formation oftheester-hydrazine transition complex; represented 'below by Formula BfMB 'wOQEt Hz The high basicity of hydrazine is expected to make theproton transfer from this transition complex A to the compound shown byB more diflicult than in the corresponding complex, wherephenylhydrazine is involved. Obviously, the equilibrium is not in favorof the hydrazone formation, and for the pyrazolone synthesis whichinvolves a further cyclodehydration step to give'C. The above mentionedtheoretical considerations led to the adoption of the following method.It'was' found that the reaction proceeds satisfactorily by allowingequivalent amounts of'hydrazine and the u disubstituted B-ket'o or fi-formyl ester to react overnight after adjusting the pH to 5, underconditions which provide for the removal of the water formed in thereaction. Thus, decrease of basicity and shifting the equilibrium infavor of the pyraz olone by elimination of the water'formed proved Veryadvantageous.
The reaction may be conveniently carried out by placing molarequivalents of hydrazine and of the ester component, preferably in asolvent,in a flask provided with a Soxlet extraction apparatus andplacing a dehydrating agent in the thimble of the Soxlet extractionapparatus. Calcium oxide and barium oxide are suitable dehydratingagents, but other dehydrating agents, such as magnesium sulfateandcalcium sulfat'e,'may be used. The amount of the dehydrating agentshould be suflicient to absorb all the water formed in the reaction, butan excess is preferable,
Obviously, any technique, which allows for the removal of water, issatisfactory, althoughtthe procedure compris ing refluxing in' a Soxletapparatus with calcium oxide represents the preferred embodiment of theinvention. Ethanol is a suitable solvent, but otherfsolvents inert, tothe reactantsmay be used.
The method has general application for the synthesis of pyrazolonescontaining two relatively high-molecular weight substituents in the 4-positiou and characterized by the absence of substituents on the twonitrogen atoms.
The following examples are given for the purposeo'f illustrating theinvention, but it is to beunderstood that the invention is to be limitedonly by the appended claims.
5..g. ofethyl dibutyl aceto-acetate, 3.4 g. of 85%hydrazine hydrate werediss'olved'in 150 ml; ethanol'and the pH was adjusted to about S bydropwise addition of aceticacid. The solution was refluxed for about 16hours in a flask provided with a Soxlet thimble containing 20 g. ofcalcium oxide. Then thesolution was filtered to remove traces of calciumoxide carried over into the flask, concentrated to about 15 m1. anddiluted with an equal volume of water. A crop of 3 g. of product havinga melting point of 95-100 C. was obtained, which was further purified byrecrystallization from benzene and precipitation with petroleum ether(-B.P. 7090 C.). The melting point of the pure product was 102l03 C.Analysis.Calcd. for C H N O C, 68.53; H, 10.54. Found: C, 68.69; H,10.62.
The substance showed some anticonvulsant activity, but was more toxicthan the 4-phenyl-4-methyl compound described in Example 2.
EXAMPLE 2 4-Methyl-4-Phenyl-5-Pyrazolone Four and three tenths of a gramof ethyl a-formyl ccmethyl phenyl acetate, 3.6 grams of hydrazinehydrate were dissolved in 300 ml. of absolute ethanol, and the solutionwas brought to pH -5 by dro-pwise addition of acetic acid. The solutionwas placed in a flask provided with a Soxlet apparatus, and 40 grams ofcalcium oxide were placed in the thimble. After refluxing for about 17hours, the solution was filtered, concentrated to about 25 ml. anddiluted with an equal volume of water. The crude product, 2.3 grams,recrystallized from heptane and acetone, gave a crop of 1.6 grams ofmelting point98-l01 C.
Extraction with heptane and concentration of the heptane solution raisedthe melting point to 99-101 C. Analysis.--Calcd. for C H N O: N, 16.08.Found: N, 15.87.
4-methyl-4-phenyl pyrazolone was tested by the mini mum electro-shockprocedure. The animals were administered the substance orally, and afterone hour they were subjected to the direct cruren-t stimulus, that is,to about three times the current necessary to produce maxi; mumseizures. The dose required to prevent convulsions in one 'half of theanimals tested, in milligrams per kilogram, that is E13 was 89. Thesubstance had low toxicity, because the NTS that is the amount of drugin milligrams per kilogram, which produced neurological toxic'symptomsin one half of the animals tested, was 187.
l The 3-methyl-4,4-dibutyl pyrazolone, prepared according to Example 1,showed some anticonvulsant activity, but was less active than4-methyl-41phenyl-pyrazolone, and more toxic.
It appears that the absence of the methyl group in position 3 and thepresence of a phenyl group imposition 4 are beneiicial foranticonvulsantactivity.
I claim;
1'. The process of preparing 4,4-disubstituted pyrazq s e o rm lawherein each. of R andR is a member selected-from the groupconsisting ofalkyl of 1 m4 carbonatoms and phenyl, further characterized by the factthat Rmay be thesame as R and R is a member selected from thegroupconsisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, which comprises the stepsof adjusting to about 5 the pH of an ethanolic solution of a compound offormula RUCOC- (RR )CO-OR wherein R,R and R have the same meaning asabove and R 1 is loweralkyl, and-the equivalent amount of hydrazinehydrate, refluxing said solution in a flask provided with a Soxletthimble, said thimble containing a dehydrating agent which is a memberselected from the group consisting of CaO, BaO, MgSO Na SO and anhydrousK CO continuing refluxing until all the Water formed is removed, andisolating said 4,4 disubstituted pyrazolone from the reaction mixture.
5 6 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said de- OTHERREFERENCES hydrating agent is Cao in amount exceeding the theorefi'Backer et a1.: Chem. Abstracts, volume 20, page 1990 cal arnountrequired to remove the water formed in the (1926) Beilstein (Handbuch,4m edition), volume 24, 2nd
References Cited in the file of this patent 5 Supplement, page 80(1954).
ST P AbStI'aCtS, volume 49, column 2,637,732 Schmid eta1- May 1953Elderfield: Heterocyclic Compds, volume 5, pages 2,878,263 OIOShIlIkMar. 17, 1959 114 1 9 1957 2,933,391 Feniak et a1 Apr. 19, 1960 10
1. THE PROCESS OF PREPARING 4,4-DISUBSTITUTED PYRAZ OLONES OF FORMULA
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2024-03-22
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1959-12-29
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1963-02-26"
}
|
US-1906349409-A
|
Electropneumatic braking device for railway-cars.
No. 856,010. PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.
' R. WIKANDER.
ELBGTROPNEUMATIG BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY CARS.
APPLIGATION FILED 1330.26, 1906.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
No. 856,010. 7 I PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.
R. WIKANDER. v ELEGTROPNEUMATIG BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY CARS.
APPLICATION FILED DBO. 26, 1906.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
2072263 88 I v dzweazzr J W' 6M if 51;, M
PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.
APPLICATION FILED DBO. 26, 1906.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
01/ Jim? UNITE s'rrns RAGNAR WIKANDER, OF WESTERAS, SWEDEN.
ELECTROPNEUEWATEC BRAKING DEVICE FOR RAILWAY-"CARS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented June 4, 1907.
Application filed December 26, 1906. Serial No. 349,409.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, RAGNAR WIKANpnR, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden,residing at Westeras, Sweden, have invented new an of all the brakes ofa railway-train a number of brake-systems have been proposed in which inaddition to the pneumatic valves have been used electrically eratedvalves.
In the most cases such bra e-systems are more complicated than thepneumatic. systems on account of the increased number of valves, andnotwithstanding the said electropneumatic systems do not ofier anyincreased safety as to their function.
The object of the present invention is to provide an electro-pneumaticbrakin -device in which only one valve-body wil be required, and inwhich an automatic adjustment of the braking-pressure can be efiected bymeans of each of the two controllingsystems.
The invention consists, chiefly, in that the valve-body controlling thecommunication between an auxiliary reservoir and the braking-cylinderand between the latter and the atmosphere is controlled by a train-pipeas well as by an electric controlling circuit in such a manner that theoperation of the said valve-body may be effected either by changmg thepressure in the train-pipe or by changing the strength of current in thesaid circuit or both simultaneously. Hereby the constructional arranement of the brake-valve will be simplifiecf and further the function ofthe electric control will be substantially similar to that of thepneumatic device. By the possibility of using the two controllingsystemssimultaneously the function will be more reliable than heretofore sothat. the brakes practically will never fail to work.
In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated substantiallydiagrammatically some embodiments of my invention.
} Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an 1 electro pnenmaticallyoperated valve constructed in accordance with my present in- F 1g. 2shows a diagram of the railway-car provided with air-brakes. Fig. 3shows a similar diagram with a modified form of theelectro-pneumatically operated valve in lon itudinal section. Fi 4 showsa usual trip e-valve provided witi an electric controllin device.
The valveevice' shown inFi s. 1 and 2 comprises a valve-stem 1 to whichis secured a small metal-disk 2. Two valvebodies 3 and 4 are by springs5 and 6 pressed against the said disk 2 by means of elastic rings 7 and8. Normally the said valve-bodies close bothends of the cylindricalvalve-seat v9 in the center of which ends a pipe 10 connected to thebraking-cylinder 11. Tothe stem 1 are secured two diaphragms 12 and 13and an armature 14. As is shown in the drawing the stem 1 is operatedboth by the armature 14 which is magnetized by the current in the coil15 and by the air-pressure in the chambers 16, 17, 18 and 19 on eachside of the two diaphragms 12 and 13. If the powers actuating the stem 1effect the raising of the latter, the braking-cylinder 11 will be put incommunication with the atmosphere by means of the valve 3 and thechamber 20. If the said powers lower the stem 1 the valve 4 will beopened and the air contained in the auxiliary reservoir 21 of the carwill be admitted to the braking-cylinder 11.
Referring to Fig. 2, 22 represents the airpressure-pi 0 extendingthrough the whole train and eing supplied with air from themain-reservoirs connected to the air-pumps, as is usual.
, Through the valve 23 compressed air flows into the auxiliary reservoir21 of the car, untilthe pressure in the latter is the same as in the ipe22. The braking-cylinder 11, the auxi iary reservoir 21 and the pipe 2are connected with the electro-pneumatic brakevalve, as is shown in Fig.2.
Itwill now be explained how the'apparatus works when electric current isused for braking, it being supposed that-the magnet coil 15 is firstdenergized. In as much as the air pressure in the auxiliary reservoir 21is the same as that in the air-pipe 22, the pressure in the chamber 18willbe the same as in the chamber 19 and the diaphragm 13 thus will notactuate the stem 1. If the brake in such case is applied there is anoverpressure in the braking-cylinder over the atmospheric pressure andthe said overpressure then acts 1n the chamber 17 and raises thediaphragm 12 and thus also the stem 1 which is not actuated by any otherpower. The result will be that the valye 3 is. raised and thebrakingcylinder is put in communication with the atmosphere until the,pressure in the braking- },cylinder has been reduced and cannot keep thestem 1 raised, whereupon the latter by the spring 6 will be brought backinto its nor- 'mal position. The air-pressure at which this occurs is sochosen that the brake then is released by the spring in the brakingcylinder; It will thus be understood that. if no current flows throughthe magnet, the brake will be released and remain released. It. may
now besupposed that an electric current of a certain strength be sentthrough the coil 15. The armature 14 now will be attracted, the stem 1lowered, the auxiliary reservoir 21 put in communication withthebraking-cylinder through the chamber 18 and the brake a plied untilthe increasing pressure in the braking-cylinder through the chamber 17has acted upon the diaphragm 12 and together with the pressure in thechamber 19 (which pressure now, is greater than the pressure in thechamber 18) overcomes the action of the magnet and brings the stem backinto normal position shown in Fig. 1. The brake will thereupon be keptin the said position as long as the strength of current inthe magnet isunchanged. If the pressure in-the brakincylinder is diminished, forinstance by leakage, the valve 41 will again be opened and freshcompressed air flows into the brakingcylinder, so that the determinedpressure will be maintained. If'the current in the magnet-coil 15 beincreased, the stem will again be lowered and compressed air flows intothe braking-cylinders until equilibrium has been reestablished,whereupon thester'n 1 returns into its normal position. If the strengthof current be diminished, the pressure in. the
chamber 17 will cause the valve 3 to open until the pressure'in thebraking-cylinder has been diminishedso that the ower of. the magnet issufiicient to return t 1e valve into normal position. It will thus beunderstood that to each strength of current corresponds approximately acertain pressure in the braking-c linder and consequently also a certainbraking-force.
It is now possible by series-or arallel connections or by any series-'para lelconnection of all brake valves of a train to effect thebrakingfof all the cars simultaneously and at one and the same force,whereby an eflec tive control of the train will be obtainedand at thesame time the rolling stock 'is s ared and accidents are prevented. Itwil now be explained how. the said valve can efiect a I reliab e brakingin the case that the-electric current fails. In such case the braking isaccomplished by opening any valve that allows the compressed air to flowout from the.
pipe 22.
The decrease of pressure thus obtained has no influence on the auxiliaryresvoir from the trairvgxplipa is inactive, the pressure in that in theauxilia balanced. In the braking-c ressure,
ervoir, nor on thepressure in the chamber 18. However, the pressure inthe chamber 19 is diminished and the ste'ml is lowered. From theauxiliary reservoir compressedair now will flow through the chamber 18into the braking cylinder, and bykeeping the said valve in the pipe 22open a suilic'ient time the braking action will be stronger andstronger, until the pressure in the braking-cylinder acting in thechamber 17 has become the same as the pressure in the auxiliaryreservoir. Then the valve returns into normal position and remain there,until the pressure inthe pipe 22 is again increased, and the brakes wibe released according as the said pressure increases.
The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is rovided with a continuous currentmagnet ut may obviously be so modified current magnet may be used.Further slides such as are'used in the pneumatic brake-systems may besubstituted for the valve-construction shown without departing from theprinciple of the invention. Obviously. the present system may so as tosuit the vacuum-brakes. In the device shown in Fig. stem 1 is 3 thevalve- 12 and 13. The diaphragm 12 closes the chamber 17 which is incommunication with the braking-cylinder, while the dia hragm 13 closestwo chambers 18 and'19 o the chamber 19 is in communication with thetrain-pipe 22 and the chamber 18 is connected to an'auxiliary reservoir21. The ,valvethe braking cylinder an the ex austfrom the latter. Atthe. lower end the valve-stem is provided with a valvebody 24 adapted toestablish communication 1 betweenthe train-pipe 22 and the auxiliaryreservoir, "when t e valve-stem is moved downward, so as to; fill theauxiliary reser- The said device works as'-follows:- en thebraking-device reservoirare su stant at the diaphragm 13 is tially thesame. so
linder' 11 is no so'that also the alanced. No current flows through themagnet 15 from the auxiliary resenvoir is cut off 23. 'Th6 brakes'can beap current to the ma 'et-coi valve-stem 1 will e raised and compressedair will flow from the auxiliary reservoir 21 to the brakingcylindertl 1. From the-latter compressed air 17, whereupon. tain brakin-pressure has been reached, be pressed own, so that the supply of air tothe diaphragm, when a cerbe modified likewise combined with an arma true14 or the like, and with two diaphragms the train-pi e and iaphragm ,12.is
c011,; and therefore the valve-stem 1 v is ke tin a middle position by aspring 25 in whic position the air-sup y the slide-valve lied bysupplying f 15, whereby the that an alternating I which stem 1 supportsa-slide-valve 23 controlling the 'su ply of air to now flows into thechamber' will ' reservoir 21.
whereby the pressure in the chamber 19 the braking-cylinder is cut off.If the strength of current in the magnet-coil be increased, the stem 1will again be raised, so that a further quantity of compressed air canflow into the braking-cylinder, until equilibrium is reached. Byincreasin the strength of current to a maximum fulliraking-force will beobtained. For releasing the brakes it is only necessary to decrease thestrength of the electric current, whereby the pressure in the chamber 17on the diaphragm 12 will overcome the attraction of the magnet-coil onthe core or armature 14, so that the valvestem 1 will be lowered andcommunication between the brakin -cylinder 11 and exhaustpipe 26 will beestablished. Simultaneously the valve 24 is opened for admitting afreshquantity of compressed air into the auxiliary The exhaust continuesuntil the brakingpressure has diminished so much that the powers actingon the valvestem 1 again balance each other.
If braking is to be accomplished by'diminishing the pressure in thetrain-pipe, it is only necessary in well known manner to exhaust a partof the air in the train-pipe,
is diminished and the valve-stem 1 will be raised and cause supply ofair to the braking-cylinder, until the powers acting on the valvestemagain balance each other. In analogous manner the brakes may bereleascdby increasing the pressure in the train-pipe.
Instead of havin the magnetic attraction ower counteracted by thepressure in the raking-cylinder for balancing the powers acting onthevalve-stern, one may let the said powers cooperate and be compensatedby a third constant or variable power, whereby a decrease of theelectric attraction power will cause a corresponding increase ordecrease, res ectively,of the braking-pressure, until equi ibrium isreached. Further the usual air-brake-valves may be arranged for beingoperated both electrically and pneuniatically.v For this purpose onemay, as is shown in Fig. 4, provide an electromagnet the armature 14 ofwhich by means of the stem 1 operates the triple-valve of theair-brakesytem when electric current is supplied to the coil 15. Astronger or weaker current through the coil 15 has the same effect as agreater or smaller decrease of the airgpres- The said device may be somodified that the operation of the triple-valve by the electric currentis accomplished indirectly by combining the triplevalve with a piston,diaphragm, or other movable closing-device which normally'has noinfluence on the usual working of the said valve, but is put inoperation for displacing the same into a position for braking by airunder pressure, or vacuum, the strength of which depends on the strengthof current in an electric circuit.
sired changing either the pressure in the tram- Having now described myinvention what i I claim is:
1. An air-brake-apparatus for electric railway-cars, and the like, inwhich the brakes controls the communication between an auxiliaryreservoir and the braking-cylinder and between the latter and theatmosphere, is controlled both by the train-pipe and by the saidelectric circuit in such a manner that the displacing of the saidvalve-body into de-' positions may be accomplished by pipe or thestrength of current in the said controlling circuit or bothsimultaneously.
2. An air brake apparatus for electric cars, and the like, in whic thebrakes are applied or released by means of the variable air pres- I surein a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit,characterized by the fact I that the valve body, which controls thecommunication between an auxiliary reservoir and the braking cylinderand between the latter and the atmos here, is controlled both by thetrain pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that thedisplacing of the said valve body into desired ositions may beaccomplished by changing elther the pressure in the train pipe or thestrength of current in the said controlling circuit or bothsimultaneously, and in which the valve body is operated on the one sideby the electric controlling circuit against the action of the pressurein the braking cylinder, and on the other side by the pressure in thetrain pipe against the action of the pressure in the auxiliary reservoirby means of diaphragms, isionis, or the like, connected to the said vave o y. 1
3. An air brake apparatus for electric railway cars, and the like, inwhich the brakes are applied or released by means of the variable alrpressure in a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit,characterized by the fact that the valve body, which controls thecommunication between anauxiliary reservoir and the braking cylinder andbetween the latter and the atmosphere, is controlled both by the trainpipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that thedisplacing'of the said valve body into desired positions may beaccomplished by chang ng either the pressure in the train pipe or thestrength of current in the said controlling circuit or bothsimultaneously, and in which the valve body is o erated on the one sideby the electric control ing circuit against the action of the pressurein the braking cylinder, and on the other side by the pressure in thetrain pipe against the action of the pressure in the auxiliary reservoirby means of diaphragms, plstons, or the like, connected to the saidvalve body, and further characterized by the fact that for 0 crating thevalve body the electric contro ling circuit and the pressure in thebraking cylinder 'work in one and the same direction and are compensatedby a constant or yielding resistance which in equilibrium keeps thevalve body in a middle position in wh ch the braking cylinder is cut offboth from the auxiliary reservoir and from the atmosphere, whiledestruction 'of the equilibrium 1n the one direction or theother'willcause a displacing of the valve body so as to-put the braking cylinderin communication with the auxiliary reservoir or with the atmosphere.
4. An air brake apparatus'for electric railway cars, and the like, inwhich the brakes are applied or released by meansvof the vari- 'able airpressure in a train pipe or by means of an electric controlling circuit,characterized b the fact that the valve body, which contro s thecommunication between an au X iliary reservoir and the braking cylinderand between the latter and the atmosphere, is controlled both by thetrain pipe and by the said electric circuit in such a manner that thedisplacing of the said valve body into desired positions may beaccomplished by changingeither the pressure in the train pipe or thestrength of current in the said controlling circuit 01 bothsimultaneously, and furvalve body in a pneumatic brake apparatus isplaced under the influence of an electromagnet inserted in an electriccontrolling circuit in such a manner that the said valve body bychanging the strength of current in will be I ther characterized by thefact that the triple caused to make the same movement as are caused bychanging the pressure in the train pi e, while the, electric operationdevice w en 1n zero position has no lnfluence on the pneumatic device.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
RAGNAR WIKANDER.
Witnesses: 4
EVALD DELMAR, JOHN DELMAR.
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2024-03-22
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1906-12-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1907-06-04"
}
|
US-5223825-A
|
Collapsing oil drill
April. 19, 1927.
B. B. DUDLEY ET AL COLLAPSING OIL DRILL Filed Aug 24, 1925 2Sheets-Sheet 41 4 INVENToRs uoz fr Y 1,625,247 B. B. DUDLEY ET A1.
coLLAPsING 01;. DRILL April 19, 1927.
Filed Aug. 24. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 3J N 3 .a om M... a
abboznuj Patented Apr. 19, 1927.
UNIE STATFS PTENT FFEQE.
BENJAMIN B. DUDLEY, 0F VISALIA, AND EDWARD R. DUDLEY, OF PIEDMONT,CALIFORNIA.
COLLAPSING OIL DRILL.
Application med August 24, 1825. serial No. 52,238.
r1`his inv-ention relates to well drilling bits in general, but inparticular to bits of the reciprocating type adapted for drilling a holelarger than the casing through which the bit works.
The principal objects ot the invention are to provide a drill bit ofthis kind, of extreme simplicity and ruggedness, and which with itsassociated parts will drill a straight hole and effectively flush thehole with` a hydraulic jet through the drill point while drilling, andwhich combination will provide 'for drilling a relatively greatincr-ease in depth of holeat each setting ot' the casing.
The above and other objects are attained through the construction shownin the accompanying drawings and in which Figure 1 is a sectionalelevation of the lower end oi a well with our drill in expanded drillingposition below the end of the casing;
Figure 2 is a transverse section along the line 2-2 of Figure l;
Figure 3 is an end view of the cutting edges of the drill expanded;
Figure 4l is an elevation of the drill detached from its surroundingstructure;
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the lower end of the well showingthe drill collapsed and being drawn within the casing;
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of one of the collapsing jaws of the drill;
Figure 7 is a side view of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a perspective view ot the jaw retaining block;
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional View of Figure'l along the line 9 9thereof;
Figure 10 is a perspective sketch of the special packing ring used.
Briefly described, our invention comprises a drill with slidablecollapsing jaws which automatically collapse by striking against thelower end of the well casing in pulling the drill, and or" the mountingoi the drill on a long guiding tube working within the casing so thatthe .drill when expanded will upon reciprocation drill a larger holethan the casing and at all times concentric therewith even to adistance, in practice, some forty feet or more beyond the lower end ofthe casing so that the casing only has to be lowered after about everyforty feet of drilling, also this combination with the hydraulic jetfeature alluded to so that the material cut loose by the ldrill will beconstantly forced to the top Vof the well between the outside of thecasing and the drilled hole which is larger than the casing.
In the illustrations, our drill comprises a shank l having a fixed jaw 2of a maximum diameter to pass through a well casing 3.
This jaw 2 is beveled at its cutting edge as shown at 2', and at rightangles is arranged a pair of collapsible jaws 4 also with beveledcutting edges as shown at 4f.
The collapsing jaws 4; each have a shank 5 slidably supported in arecess 6 in the main shank 1 of the drill so that they are free to slidelongitudinally of the drill body and they are retained in position bypassing under an enlarged portion or hub 7.
The hub diameter is equal to the width fixed jaw 2 and at the upper partthe hub is beveled at 7 where it joins the shank so as i" to be guidedinto the casing in pulling the drill, and a retaining block 8 isprovided on each sliding jaw shank so that the jaws cannot be slidentirely oli of the drill body.
This block 8 is shown clearly in Figure 8 and is seen to be providedwith a dovetail slot 9 which lits over a complementarily shaped jaw 10formed on the jaw shank, so that the block 8 is slid transversely intoengagement with the shank or" the jaw to the position shown inFigures 1and 4l, after which it is secured in place by a screw 1l passing throughthe block and entering a recess 12 in the shank.
When the jaws are pulled out to their maximum extension the jawscollapse and the blocks 8 abut against a shoulder lon the hub formed bynotching opposite sides thereof, and the blocks are provided with teeth14: so that they will out out any mud fw or stone from the shoulder whenseating.
When the jaws are pushed all the way into their respective recesses, thejaws expand and a heavy square shoulder 15 engages a shoulder 16 on thedrill hub so as to take the force of drilling, the sliding jaws havingwings 33 bearing against the vertif cal walls 34 of the ixed jaw.
' i The expanding and collapsing of the jaws accom` through longitudinalsliding is plished by cooperatively tapering the jaw Shanks as shown at17 and the central portion of the fixed jaw 2 as indicated at 18.
Thus when the jaws are slid all the wav up they are lirmly seatedagainst the shouliii) lill) llt) lit)
ders as described and expanded to the position shown in Figures l. 3 andl and held trom falling by the friction ot' lint springs t9 securedwithin the recesses t5 and over which the shanls ot the jaws slide whilebeing*r loreed outwardl)v thereby.
lllhen expanded as shown`r in pulling; theI drill, the jaws will strikethe lower end ol 'the casing;l shoe 2t) and casino' E which will slidethem down along4 the body to position shown in Figure a seating` theinner surface ot the ,idianlis against the wedge like sides itl olE thecentralY portion ot the fixed jaw L?, thus bringing the sliding; jawstogether as shown to therebjY clear the inside ot the easingr torwithdrawal :troni the well.
lil/'hen expanded the drill upon reciprocation will drill a hole 2llarger than the lasino' l o1' its shoe 20, and a' hole extending;lthrough the shank ot the drill and en'icriringV at points .22 providesl'or 'toi-ring' water directly between the cutting edges ot the drill inoperation. j
The drill is screwed at 223 to a tubular operating' shanl: 2lconsistingh ol several sections ot tubing' coupled as at 25 to providepreierabl)` a length ot' some torti' tent, and at the upper end thetubing closed by a head 2*(3 provided with ports tor tnrcin,r water tiothe drill from within the easing Si.
'llhe lower portion ot this casing 3 is prei"- erablj ot a heavier gagethan the casing` above it extending to the surface of the well torsuspension in the known manner, and this heavier portion is preferablyYabout sixty iieet in length to function as a long;l workingv barrel indrilling` to guide the head 2o ot the reciprocatingl drill rertieallj7yet provide lor a relatirely long' extension of the hole each timebefore lnaliinicT it necessary to lower the casing.
llt the upper end oi the tubular shank 2l and surroninling the head :lois a long paoliint;h ring 2e sealing oll the casing` trom this pointdown so that water :torced down in the tau-singy above thisv ring willhave to pass through the openings 2i' to the interior oli the hollow.shank 2l, and thence to emerge troni the passages to the cutting edgesot the drill. This results in a powerful jet at the cutting edgeswashing aiwajv all loosened material and forcing it upwardly through theannular spare 2S) outside ot the easing to the top o'tI the well ltsince no other channel 'l'or its discharge exists.
The ring is a split ring); and of about three inches in depth so it willride over the casingl joints in withdrawing the drill and it isprevented 'from catching; on the joints through its spetrialconstruction.
lt is reallyv two split rines 28 and 28 secured together at some pointorpoints and each section has overlapping ends as indicated in Fitejurel() where the ends A and l are separated so as to better indicate itsstructure.
llhe inner section extends below the outer seetion and seats in a groove35 in the head QT which permits though limits its outward expansion andit is held lonirltlalinally in piace by a pair ot 'threaded collars-iO-Ifil loclied together above it on the head with just sullieientclearance above the ringl'or it to operate.
Thus the ring is 'forced to il'ollow the vertical inotion et the drillin operation yet is tree for limited expansion, so that when the drillis pulled 'from the redueed internal diY anieter working); barrelportion ot the casingl J3 to the sliehtlj' larger string,l above it,the.
ringl will :treely pass all the casing;l joints on the way out, or whenlowering the drill to place utter sinn-peiling the same.
'llo better clear the joints the upper and lower corners ot the outerring section 28 are well rounded as shown. i
Above the head 2o is a suitable coupling socket 32 tor attaching theordinary drilling;l cable, not shown.
ldie Claim:
l. :l well drill compi-ising` a body with jaws slidable longitudinail)vthereon from a collapsed to an expanded position, and shoulders on saidbody and jaws adapted to engage one another when the jaws are expanded,and a lugl on eaeh olf said jaws en-` gaging' a portion olf the bodywhen the aws are collapsed, said litev and portion present- 'ng' spacedpoints ot eontaet. j
A collapsing well drill comprising,` a drill shank with longitudinalgrooves thereon, jaws with shanhs each slidably positioned in one ot thegrooves whereby the jaws are slidahle lengthwise ol the drill shank,means i'or retaining the jaws in place while permittinpsliding action,and means tor lirietionally retaining the jaw lshanlcs in position inthe grooves A reciprocable well drill, cutting jaws on said drilladapted to slide troni a collapsed position to an expanded position uponend impact ae'ainst the drill in operation, and means tor trietionalljYholdingl the jaws in exjianded relation to 'the drill.
BENJABH N L l. DUDLE Y. EDYVABD R; DUDLEY.
lOl)
llo
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2024-03-22
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1925-08-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1927-04-19"
}
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US-1907362992-A
|
Whiffletree-hook.
PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907.
M. J. GORGORAN. WHIFFLETREE 1100K. APPLIoATmN PILE-D um. 1s, l1907.
FLE-
MICHAEL J. CORGORAN, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA.
WHIFFLETREE-I-IOOK.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Nov. 5, 1907.
Application filed March 18, 1907. Serial No. 362,992.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, MICHAEL J. OORCORAN, a citizen of the United States,residing at York, in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Whililetree- Hooks; andI do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to improvements in whiffle tree hooks.
The object of the invention is to provide a hook of this character bymeans of which a trace may be readily engaged with and secured to aWhittle tree and which may be quickly and easily operated to release atrace therefrom.
With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as thenature of the invention is better understood, the invention consists incertain novel features of construct-ion, combination and arrangement ofparts, as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of one endof a whifle tree showing the hook applied thereto and in closed positionto secure a trace thereon; Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the hookopen to permit the trace to be disengaged from the end of the whifi'letree; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of the whiflletree and hook showing a sectional View of a trace engaged therewith.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, l de-- notes the end of awhiifle tree, to the upper side of which is secured my improved hooks 2,which consists of a longitudinally-disposed bar 3 on the inner end ofwhich is an integral downwardly-projecting right-angular-ly formed lug 4on the lower end of which is formed a right-angularlylongitudinally-extending securing plate or bar 5, said bar 5 projectingin the opposite direction from the upper bar 3.
In the plate or fastening bar 5 is formed two or more screw or boltholes 6 through which and into the whiffle tree are adapted to be passedfastening screws or bolts 7 by means of which the hook is secured to thewhifle tree.
On the outer end of the bar 3 is arranged a retaining arm 8, said armbeing provided on its upper end with an enlarged portion which forms ahead and is adapted to engage the outer end of the bar 3, as shown.
The arm S is pivotally connected to the end of the bar 3 by means ofthe-pivot bolt or screw 9 which is passed through a hole in the head ofthe arm and is adapted to be screwed into engagement with a threadedsocket or recess I0 formed in the end of the bar 3. By thus pivotallyconnecting the arm S with the end of bar 3 and the upper side of thewhifHe tree and securely holding the trace from disengagement therefrom.
In order that the arm 8 may be held in an operative or inoperativeposition, I provide a flat spring l2 which is secured to the upper sideof the bar 3 by screws or other fastening device. The outer end of thespring l2 projects beyond the end of the bar 3 and is adapted to engagethe upper square surface of the head of the arm 8 when the latter is inan operative position and to engage one side or the other of the head ofthe arm when the latter is turned upwardly in either direction to aninoperative position, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing. The engagementof the spring with the head of the arm 8 will hold the same againstcasual movement when turned to either an operative or inoperativeposition and at the saine time will permit the arm to be readily turnedfrom one position to the other. y
A while tree hook constructed as herein shown and described will besimple, strong, durable and inexpensive in construction, efficient andreliable in operation and well adapted for the purposes for which it isdesigned.
From the foregoing description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, the construction and operation of the inventionwill be readily understood Without requiring a more extendedexplanation.
Various changes in the form, proportion and the minor details ofconstruction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit orsacrificing any of the advantages of the invention, as defined by theappended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is,-
1. A whiletree-hook comprising a right-angulariy shaped bar, means tosecure the same to a Whiliietree, a trace retaining arm pivotallymounted on the outer end of said bar, a fiat spring, and means on saidarm adapted to be engaged by said spring to hold the arm in an open orclosed position. substantially as described.
2. A whiiiletree-hook comprising a right-anguiarly shaped bar, means tosecure the same to a whiHle-tree, a trace retainingarm pivotally mountedon the outer end of said bar, a spring, and a squared head on the upperend of said arm, the right-angularly disposed sides of which are adaptedto be engaged by said spring to hold said arm in an operative andinoperative position, substantially as described.
A whiflle tree hook comprising a longitudinally-disposed bar havingatone end a rightangularly downwardly-projeeting lug, an integrally formedfastening plate on the lower end of said lug, said plate projecting inthe opposite direction to said bar, means to secure said plate to aWhiflle tree, a trace retaining arm arranged on the outer end of saidbar, a pivot screw passed through the upper end of said arm and adaptedto be screwed into engagement with a threaded socket in the end of saidbar whereby said nrln is connected to the bnr to turn laterally thereonyand a flat spring secured to the upper sides of the bar-and projectingbeyond the ends of the same to engage said arm and hold the same in anopen or closed position, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
MICHAEL J. CORCORAN.
Witnesses GEORGE CASY, BNNJAMIN S'rnlclimn.
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2024-03-22
|
1907-03-18
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1907-11-05"
}
|
US-1907365037-A
|
Hoisting apparatus.
No. 867,071. y I -PATBNTED s511124, 19.07. G. A. oLsoN. y
HoIsTING APPARATUS.
APPLIGATION FILED MAB.. 28 1907.
@Wi/them@ c?) wwu Strap/lega EAR'LLlS [JAN CARL A. OLSON, OF MILAN,MINNESOTA.
HOISTING APPARATUS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented sept. a4, 1907.
Application filed March 28, 1907. Serial No. 365,037.`
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CARL A, OLSON, a citizen of the United States;residing at Milan, in the county of Chippewa and Statel of Minnesota,have invented certain new `and useful Improvements in HoistingApparatuses; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others 'skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This inventionrelates to improvements in hoisting apparatus.
The objectof the invention is to provide an apparatus of this characterby means of which the hoisting rope or cable will be automaticallylocked, upon release of the hoisting power, by means of the weight ofthe load being hoisted.
A further object is to provide means whereby the llocking mechanism forthe hoisting cable may be quickly released.
With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as thenature of the invention is better understood, the invention consists incertain novel fea tures of construction, combination and arrangement ofparts as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of the hoistingapparatus constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is anedge view of the same; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional viewthrough the main pulley frame and the cable locking mechanism carriedthereby.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, 1 denotes the main pulleyframe which is here shownand preferably consists of a series of parallelplates 2 which are spaced apart and secured in position by means ofbolts or rivets 3 which also serve as pivot bolts for the working partsof the block. Connected to the upper pivot bolts 3 between the innerpair and the two outer plates of the frame is secured a bail 4 to whichis connected a hook 5 by means of which the main frame 1 may besuspended from and connected to a suitable support.
Pivotally mounted on the central pivot bolt 3 between the inner pair ofplates 2 is an auxiliary pulley frame 6 which consists of a pair ofhorizontally-extending plates between which near the upper edge andadjacent to one end thereof is revolubly mounted a pulley 7 whilebetween the same and adjacent to the opposite end and near the loweredge thereof is revolubly mounted a pulley 8. The plates of the frames 6are secured together at their opposite ends by rivets 9 and are spacedapart by means of sleeves 10 arranged on said rivets, f
To the lower rivet at one end of the frame 6 is connected a pulley block12, said pulley block being loosely connected to the rivet by means of abail 13. On the lowermost bolt 3 of 'the main frame l between the innerpair and the two outer plates thereof are revof lubly mounted pulleys14.
Adapted to be used in connection with the main 'pulley frame and pulleysis a triple pulley block 15 which is here shown and preferably consistsof a series of plates which are secured together byvrivets or bolts '16on4 which are arranged sleeves 17 whereby said plates are spaced apartand held in parallel relation. Revolubly mounted on a central pivot bolt18 between the inner pair of plates on the two outer plates are threepulleys 19. To the bolt 16 in the lower end of the pulley frame 15 issecured bails 2O to which is connected a hook 21 which is adapted to beconnected t0 the load to be raised or hoisted. To the bolt or rivet 16at the upper end of the frame is secured a bail 22 To the bail 22 isconnected the lower end of the hoisting cable 23, said cable passingupwardly from the bail 22 around one of the pulleys 14, the lower end ofthe main frame and from thence passes downwardly around one of thepulleys 19 in the frame 15, thence upwardly through the pulley block 12,thence downwardly around another of the pulleys 19 and the frame 15 andupwardly around the other pulley I4 in the lower end of the main frame 1and thence downwardly around the central pulley 19 of the frame 15 afterwhich the cable passes upwardly over the pulleys 7 and 8 in theauxiliary pulley frame 6 and from thence extends to and is connectedwith the operating power. By running the hoisting cable as herein shownand described, the pivoted auxiliary frame 6 will be held thereby in ahori- Zontal position when the load is applied to the hook 21 of thepulley frame I3 -and the power is applied to the opposite end of thehoisting cable.
In order that the load may be suspended in position at any desiredelevation or to prevent the same from dropping should the hoisting cablebe broken, I propvide a suitable locking mechanism whereby said cablewill be automatically gripped and held should the same be broken betweenthe hoisting mechanism and the main pulley frame. The locking mechanismfor the cable is here shown and preferably consists of a clutching orgripping lever 24 which is pivotally mounted at one end on the bolt orrivet 9 at one end of the auxiliary pulley frame 6 and projects aboveand oversaid frame as shown. The lever 24 is provided with anobliquely-disposed or cam slot 25 which is adapted to be engaged withthe upper pivot bolt 3 of the main frame 1 between the inner pair of theplates forming said frame. The outer or free end of the lever 24 is bentdownwardly and outwardly to form a cable gripping plate 26 which isadapted to be brought into tight engagement with the cable 23immediately above the pulley 7'A of the auxiliary frame 6 therebyclamping said cable between the pulley and said gripping plate andholding the same against backward movement. The gripping plate 26 isautomatically brought into -engagement with the hoisting cable bymeansmm slotted connection between said lever and the bolt 3 oi the mainfra-me and the connection of the auxiliary pulley frame which when thehoisting power is released will be tilted or swung in the trame l by theweight of the load pulling downwardly upon the pulley block l2 at oneend of the trame 6 thereby drawing said end downwardly and raising theopposite end ol the frame together with the cable which passes over thepulley 7 at this end oi the frame. The tilting or swinging movement elthe auxiliary trame G also tends to force the gripping plate 26 ot' thelever 24; downwardly by reason oi the slotted engagement ot said leverwith the main trame so that the hoisting cable is tightly gripped orclamped between the pulley 7 and the gripping plate oi the clutch lever,as will be understood.
In order to disengage the gripping lever from the cable to permit thefurther hoisting ol the load, l provide a suitable releasing mechanismwhich consists ol a lever 27 which is pivotally mounted on the centralpivot bolt 3 oi the main trame l between the inner pair oi plates andthe outer' plate on one side oi said frame. The inner end of the lever27 is loosely connected to one end of a bell-crank lever 2S which ispivotally mounted on the adjacent side oi the auxiliary pulley trame 6near one end ot the same. The opposite end or arm of the bell-cranklever 28 is pivotally connected to the upper end with alulcrum arm orbar 29, the opposite end oi which is pivotally conneeted to the lowerpivot bolt 3 of the main frame. To the free or outer end of thereleasing lever 27 is connected a releasing rope or cord 30 whichextends downwardly to within convenient reach oi the operator and isadapted when drawn upon to rock the releasing lever 27 downwardly whichwill cause the opposite or upper end ot said lever to rock thebell-crank lever which movement owing to the pivotal connection of theopposite arm of the bell-crank lever with the tulcrum arm or bar willcause the adjacent end of the auxiliary pulley trame (i to be tiltedupwardly, this movement will lift or swing the clutching lever l 24upwardly,. thereby disengaging the gripping plate 26 from the cable.This separation or disengagement of the gripping plate 26 trom the cableis also l'acilitated by the downward or opposite movement ot this end ofthe auxiliary pulley trame 6.
From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, the construction and operation of the invention will bereadily understood without requiring a more extended explanation.
Various changes in the iorm, proportion and the minor details ofconstruction may be resorted to without departing trom the principle orsacrificing any oi the advantages ot the invention, as defined by theappended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim an auxiliary pulleyframe pivotally mounted in said main frame, pulleys arranged in saidmain frame and in said auxiliary frame. a pulley block loosely connectedto one end of said auxiliary frame, a triple pulley block. a boistingcable having one end connected to said triple block and passing aroundthe pulleys therein and the pulleys in said main and auxiliary frames,gripping means adapted to-engage the hoisting cable when the hoistingpower is released therefromand means for discngaging said gripping meansfrom said cable.
2. A hoisting` apparatus consisting' et a main pulley frame, pulleywheels lournaled in the lower end of said trame. and auxiliary pulleytrame pivotally mounted in said main traine` pulley wheels revolublymounted in the opposite ends of said auxiliary frame, a pulley blockloosely connected to one end et? the latter, a triple pulley block, ahoisting cable connected at; one end to said triple block and passingaround the pulleys therein and pulleys in said main and auxiliarytrames. a gripping or clutchinge lever pivotally lnounted in one end ofsaid auxiliary frame and adapted to be engaged thereby with tbe hoistingcable when the hoisting power is released therefrom. and means todisengage said gripping or clutching level' from said cable.substantially as described.
Si. A hoisting apparatus comprising a main pulley trame, pulley wheelsjournaled in the lower end thereof. an auxiliary pulley trame pivotallymounted in said main traine. pulley wheels `iournaled in the oppositeends of said auxiliary frame. a pulley block loosely connected to oneend ot the latter. a triple pulley block. a hoisting cable connected atone end to said block and passing around the pulleys therein and pulleywheels in said main and auxiliary frames, a clutch or gripping leverpivotally mounted in one cud ot said auxiliary trame, said lever havingformed therein a cam slot to enl gc a tixed pili or bolt in said niainframe whereby upon t e release ot" tbe hoisting power from said cablesaid auxiliary trame will be tilted by the weight; of the load to causesaid clutching or gripping lever to engage and clamp said hoisting'cable between the free end of aid lever and the pulley in the adjacentend ot said auxiliary frame. and means to release. said clutch lever.substantially as described.
4. A hoisting apparatus comprising a main pulley frame. pulley wheelsjournaled in the lower end thereof. an auxiliary pulley trame pivotallymounted in said main traute, pulley wheels iournaled in the oppositeends ot' said xiliary trame. a pulley block loosely connected to one endotz the latter. a triple pulley block. a hoisting cable connected at oneend to said block and passing around the pulleys therein and pulleywheels in said main and auxiliary frames, a clutch or gripping leverpivotally mounted in one end ot' said auxiliary tranie. said lcvcrhaving formed therein a cam slot to engage a tixed pin or bolt in saidmain frame whereby upon the release ot the hoisting newer from saidcable said auxiliary trame will be tilted by the weight of the load tocause said clutching or grip ping lever to engage and clamp saidhoisting cable between the free end ot iid lever and the pulley in theadjacent, end of said auxiliary trame, a fulcrum arm on said main trame,a bellfcrank lever pivotally mounted on the adja` cent end ot saidauxiliary pulley trame. one arm ot' said bell-crank lever beingpivotally connected to said i'ulcruni arm. a releasing lever pivotallymounted on said main frame and loosely engaged with the opposite arm ol'said bell-crank lever' whereby when said releasing lever is actuated.said bell-crank level' will tiltl or rock said auxiliary pulley frameand thereby disengage said i'ulcrum level' from said hoisting cable andan operating cord connected to said releasing lever, substantially asdescribed.
vIn testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
CARL A. OLSON.
Witnesses OLUF Ganssn'r, J. 0. Hauenxxn.
|
2024-03-22
|
1907-03-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1907-09-24"
}
|
US-32774928-A
|
Chromium plating by electrolytic deposition
Patented 7, 193 1 g i UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE aueus'm 30mm, or rams,armors, assmuon 'ro socm'rit NOUVELLE DE LORFEVREBIE DEBC'UIB, OF PARIS,FRANCE, A CORPORATION OF IBANQE CHBOHIUH PLATIN G BY ELECTROLYTICDEPOSITION No Drawing. Application ma December 21, 1928,8er1a1 No.387,749, and in Iranee January 12, 1088.
The present invention relates to chromating by electrolyticdepositionyand it consists in arranging the body tobe coated at thecathode of an electrolytic bath composed of 5 an aqueous solution ofsodium bichromate,
chromic acid and chromium fiuoborate.
The'proportions of the substances which enter into the composition ofthe bath should not difier substantially from the following, 1 whicharegiven, by way of example, for a 100-liter bath:
Sodium bichromate r 25 kgs Ghromic acid kgs. Chromium fiuoborate 900grs.
A bath for chromium plating conductive bodies by electrolytic degpsitioncomprising sodium ichromate, 25 'lograms' chromic acid, 15 kilograms;and chromium iiuoborate, 900 grams. go. 3 AUGUSTE HOLLARD.
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2024-03-22
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1928-12-21
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1931-04-07"
}
|
US-20118027-A
|
Rail guide and clamping surface for shapers
June 17, 1930. w. F. zlMMl-:RMANN RAIL GUIDE AND GLAMPING SURFACE FORSHAPERS v 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed June 24, 1927 June 17, 1930.
W. F. ZIMMERMANN RAIL GUIDE AND CLAMPING SURFACE FOR SHAPERS Filed June24, 1921 2 sheets-snm 2 Patented June "17,:
Eri-snr orifice WILLIAM r. ziifiivrnnixrANiv, or ianrnnwoon, new cansar,Assrenon rro GoULna i EBERHARDT, on NEWARK, new JERSEY, A Conroe-Arion'or NEWJERSEY vvItAii'i GUIDE AND cnLf-iiariiie siiieAorronsHArnnsApplication filed :rune a4,
y In shapers it is part of the usual construe# ytionto support theworktable on a cross This -invention is particularly concerned with "thearraiigementof the vertical guideways and supporting urfaces` forthe'crossrail ;v the objects ofthe specific arrangement beino directedto a location of the guides and'liearing surfaces relative to theadjacent frame parts and to eachother such that' the machining f thereofmay bemore easily and accurately accomplished, and at `the saine timeresult in a mererigid supporting means for; the cross-rail and worktable 'than' has heretofore been accomplished.
A commonk construction, among the crossrail supportingineans, has beento provide'- two spaced vertical ways with the forward faces andrespective-outer edges thereof being planed surfaces whereby the.forward faces maybe utilized as cross-rail supporting surface and theouter edges in combination vwith `angle portions on the cross-railservingv as guideways against transverse movements, the clamping beingaccomplished by the application of gibs to the rearface of the angleportions'which gibs are Vadapted to engage tlielrear face/of theguidei'vays.` VSuch constructions were'fouiid to have certaindisadvantages as e. g. the rail guideways weretoo `widely separatedjandthe clamping of the rail witlrtlie rear gibs wouldiiotprevent and mightevenv cause the cross-rail to bow or l defiect from its normal shape.
l ing is accomplished by forming slotted openings through thesupportingV brackets ydef As a remedy for such defects, supporting meanshave been provided wherein the clampchined without in'anydegreesacricingany lean serial no. soluce.
signed lto-"`accominodatek bolts inserted into the cross-rail wherebythe latter is clamped by a direct metalto metalcontact with its` ways.It was also found very advantageous, in-coinbination with such means,`toprovide the inner edges of the waysI with plafiied guideway surfaces;thus bringing the guideways closer togetherf In'tlie interests ofproviding -a full and I rigid support for the Shaper rain in its for-Sward positions, it has been found practical,l
to'project the rain -guideways' forwardly so that they extendf at leastas far asthe for` ward face of the verticalrail 'bearings or what iseven more common and desirable overhang a substantialamount. VSuchprojecting portions, however, interferewitli the `planing of thevertical bearing surfaces `V'for the cross-rail in the manufacture ofthe machine frame. .Y
fThis invention has for its object a modification of (and additionalimprovements over)-the direct clamping means and slotted ways, notedabove,whereby the bearing sur 'facesfmay beinore' easily andcheaplyvniaof the advantages derived fromtheprecedingstructure,butrather'adding further toA f `the rigidity of vsuchimproved rsupporting means. In prior constructions, wherein thecross-rails whereheld by the aforementioned angleportions Vand gibs(even when the ram ways did not project beyond the vertical for,-A wardbearing surfaces) Vthe vertical guideways were necessarily either verywidely spaced or, projected back underneath the A rain ways thus, inthelatter case,inakiiig the machining thereof a comparatively expensiveoperation.
rlhe present invention includes, among Aits .Y objects, an .arrangementwhereby the crossrail guidewaysare located betweenthe rain guideways;thus resulting in a more firmly supported cross-rail free fromdeflections and at the saineftime permitting the ready ma@ chiniiigthereof without interference from the ram ways. Likewise` the `plane.supporting surfaces are so positioned astok beclearof the ram guidew ys.l 4
' The complete and relative arrangement ofY planing machine reducing toa. great extent' the production cost thereof and resulting in a moreaccurately machined product.
Other lobjects and advantages will be in part indicated in the followingdescription and in part rendered apparenttherefrom in connection withthe annexed drawings.
To enable others skilled in the art so fully to apprehend the underlyingfeatures hereof that they may embody the same in the various wayscontempla-ted by this invention, drawings depicting a preferred typicalconstruction have been annexed as a part-.of this disclosure and, insuch drawings, like charr actors of reference denote corresponding partsthroughout all the views, of which Fig. 1 is a view in elevation showingportions of a Shaper machine. Fig. 2 is afront elevational view showingthe cross-rail and l various means for the. adjustment thereof along itsways. F ig. 3 is arplan view of the cross-rail shown attached to thesupporting frame, which frame is shown in cross section and Fig. 4 is aplan view of a portion of the frame showing the ram guideways and thevertical guideways and supports for the cross-rail.
The invention,comprises certain improvee5] ments in shapers, suchportions only thereof i"being shown as are necessary to a fulldisclosure of the invention.
rlhe general featuresinclude a base 1() supporting a main frame orhousing 11 having gg at the upper part thereof the' horizontally ar- "iranged spaced ram guideways 12. The forward wall 13 of thefram'e isprovided with various guideways and means for supporting.
thereon for vertical adjustmentv the crossrail 14 which in turn carriesthe work-table 53 15 adapted also to be vadjusted transversely along thecross-rail. The forward wall 13 has integral therewith'the projectingbrachets or flanges 1G which vhave the front and rear machined AAplanesurfaces 17 and 18 re C3 spectiveiy. These llanges constitute means forsupporting the cross-rail in itsadjusted position therealong.
The forwardV wall 13 also has machined therein the opposed guidewaysurfaces 19 and C3 20 adapted to receive and support the projectingbearing portion or guide 21 rigid with the cross-rail. rlhe cross-railand table is provided with the usual shieldA 22 adapted to onoreciprocate therewith and to provide a pro- @G tection for the workingparts mountedrbelow.
The means for adjusting the-cross-rail in its vertical positionsconstitute chieiy, a vertical screw dshaft 24 fixed in the base 10 andG`5 having mounted thereon the 'rotary nut 25,
portion 27. Rotation of the nut 25 is accoinl plished by means of shaft24a having thc bevel pinion 26a thereon meshing with bevel gear 26. l
Any desired means for adjusting the table 15 transversely of the machinemay be pro-V vided, such means in the present case consisting of thecross-guide 30 having the forward bearing surface 31 along which thecross-head 29 integral withthe table 15 may be moved by means of thescrew shaft 32 having splined thereon a bevel gear 33 fixed againstaxial movement in the cross-head the hub end ofthe gear bearing againstthe nut 34 fixed in the cross-rail. The bevel gear 33 may be manuallyrotatedby means of the shaft 35 having thereon the bevel pinion 36engaging with the bevel gear 33. For the salie of convenience in showingother parts the above gears and fined nut have been omitted in Fig. 2. vany suitable automatic means may be connected'to the horizontal shaft3Q, for rotation thereof to likewise move the cross-head along itsguides.
Verylrigid an'dpositive clamping means are provided for securing thecross-rail in its vertically adjusted positions consisting of thevertical slots 36 in the brackets 16 through which the spring tensionbolts 37 and 33 attach to the cross-rail. Also projecting through theslots are the clamping bolts 39 having threaded thereon at their innerend and within the cross-rail the nuts 40 and 40. All of these bolts 37,33 and 39 project through .a pair of plates 41 adapted to bear againstthe rear plane surfaces 18 of the brackets'li. Suitable adjusting andlocking nuts are provided for each of the bolts engaging the plates 41.
The manually operated means for oper ating the clamping Vbolts comprisea horizontal shaft 42 mounted within the crossrail and having suitableconnections such as is disclosed more fully in a` co-pending applicationSerial No. 2,133 lil-ed January 13, 1925 having a rack 43 and a worm 43thereon in operative engagement with the nuts 40 and 40 whereby manualrotation of the shaft 42 byv means of a wrench 'applied to the squaredend`44 thereof rota-tes nuts 40 and 40 to securely draw the cross-railinto engagement with the bearing surface 17.
r1`he above described elements constitute means, in combination with thecentrally positioned guideways 19 and 20, for positively and rigidlysecuring the cross-rail to the supporting frame. rlhe provision of theslots in the brackets and the clamping bolts extending therethroughresult in the cross-rail being drawn into engagement with the fiatsurface 17 A.by a direct metal to *metal contact and the guideways 19and 20 in combination therewith being centrally positioned pbetween theclamping surfaces servetoprevent any twist-ing or bowing ofthecrossfrail lsuch as might be present where the guides for the cross-railarepositioned at the outer edges ofthe brackets '16 and thel cross-railclamped thereto 'by an indirect angle arm projecting around the outeredge of the bracket 16.
The 'primary features of this invention arev most clearly illustrated inFig. l wherein the location of the rvarious bearing and guide ysurfacesrelative to each other and to the ram guideways is shown in a plan viewthereof. I
Heretofore various of these surfaceshave been located in such positionas to render-they tionthereof a much more simple operation and resultingin reduced manufacturing costs; also,'since the relative reciprocatorymovement' between the cutting. tool and frameoonsists of longstrokes,the resulting surfaces are more faccuratel'y machined than if vthestrokeswere short and endedat substantially the extremities of therespective planed surfaces. L
In addition `to the above advantages achieved'in the process ofmanufacturing` the frame castings, the resulting frames also havecertain definite features which provide a more rigid support for the.crossrail mountedthereon. The guideways 19 and 20 are brought closertogether and nearer thecenter and the entire arrangement provides afourepoin't support' for the cross-rail with the points of supportseparated by substantial distances along tbe cross-rail.
1 In machines of this -typethe bearing surfaces, `such as'surfac-es '17,are'nsually separated by a distance constituting a large portion of thecomparativelyshort cross-rail 17. If the guideways are'positioned at,for eX- `ample, the'outer edgesV of thebrackets 16, ythe distancebetween the guideways is comlparatively large relative to the totallength of the cross-rail and permits oftentimes seri# vousbowingordejliection of the `cross-rail at its middle portion.
Nhilerin many machines, it may be desirable to project the rain ways-12a substantial amount beyond thevertical supporting 'surfaces andguideways in order that -theram may have a' rio'id support even in itsmost forward positions, the construction may be, and oftenlis, suchthatthe ram ways eX- tendnly tofafpointfwhere they lie inthe verticalplane ofthe surfaces 17 In such cases, theends ofthe guideways caribeplaned oiffinfthe same planingnoperation asI` the surfaces 17 and alsothe surfaces 17 may, if
desired, extend further toward t thevertieal guideways. With the abovearrangement, the machining of theshaper frames would befaccomplishedvin' substantially the same manner as in the first constructiondescribed above, theguideways 19 V'and 520 being positioned,as shown,between theguidewaysfl whereby theplanert'ool' may be reciprocatedtherealong without engaging the ram guideways 'and likewise the surfacesA`17 and 18 would be fullyjexposed 'for their ready ma chiningi o, i Y
Without further analysis,r the foregoing will sofully reveal the gist ofthis invention that-others can,-by applying current knowledge, readilyadapt it for various utiliza tions byffretaining one or more'of thefeatures that, from the standpoint of thefprior art, fairly'constituteessential 'characteris- Y tics of either the generic or specific aspectsof this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should be, andareintended to: be, comprehendedwithin the meaning and range ofequivalency of the following claims.
Having thus revealed this invention, I claim asnew and desire to securetherfo'llowing combinations andelements, or equivalents thereof, byLetters Patent ofUnited Stateszeq LA frame for` Shapers combininghorizontally extending ram ways ;a-forward verv- 'ibo tical Ywalladapted" to supporta cross-rail; i
and guideways'and'supporting surfaces on said wall for said crosserail,said Yram ways extending forwardly beyond the vertical wall and saidguideways and supportingsurfaces being so positioned that thelongitudinal projections thereof passadjacent toybut withoutintersectingk the frame parts providing said ram ways. n f' v 2. shapercombining a -main 4housing having a forwardwall; a pair of spacedhorizontal ram guidewaysmounted above and projecting forwardly beyondsaid wall; a table supporting element; means 4on said wall foradjustably mounting said element vthereon comprising verticallyextending supportingv brackets arranged entirely outside-*the verticalplane'` containingy the' outer longitudinal edgesof .the respectiveprojections-having thereon the ram guideways,said brackets jections; a'guideonsaid element adapted to project into said guideways bearingsurfaces on said element adapted to directly` engage said verticalsurfaces; and means for clamping said element to said surfaces.
3. A shaper frame combining a supporting wall; ram guideways extendingat substantially right angles thereto and .proj ect-ing outwardly beyondsaid wall; and means forsupporting a work table element on said wall foradjustment at right angles to the plane of said ram ways comprisingplane bearing and supporting surfaces positioned with their axesextending outside said ram ways and other guideways positioned betweensaid ram guideways said surfaces and other guide- A ways beingv soarrangedy as to permit the straight line movement' therealong and be-Vyond the frame projections providing the outer ends of said ram ways ofa machining tool without engaging -said project-ions.
4. A Shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; horizontal ramguideways mounted thereabove and projecting forwardly beyond said wall;a cross-rail; and means on said wall for supporting said cross-rail forvertical adjustment thereon comprising a pair of spaced verticalbrackets each having la forward plane surface thereon anda vertical slotextending therethrough; vertical guideways located between said bracketsand ram ways said surfaces and guideways being so arranged as to permitthe movement therealong and beyond said ram .ways of a cutting tool forthe complete machining thereof without interference from said rainways;.bearing surfaces on said cross-rail for engaging said verticalguideways and surfaces; and clamping bolts attached to said cross-railand extending through said slots.
5. A Shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; a pair of spacedhorizontal Yram guideways mounted. thereabove, said frame providingprojections for extending said ram guideways forward of said wall; atable supporting element; and means on .said wall for adjustablymounting said element thereon and for rigidly holding said element inits adjusted positions comprising a vertical flange arranged outside thevertical plane of the outer longitudinal edge of the respective saidprojections, said flanges having vertical slots thereinrand forward andrear plane surfaces, and vertical guideways arranged between saidflanges and the vertical planes of the inner longitudinal edges -of saidprojections; bearing portions on said element adapted to directly engagesaid guideways and forward planesurfaces; and clamping bolts attached tosaid element and projecting through said slot.
6. A shaper frame combining ayforward vertical wall; horizontal spacedram guide` ways mounted above said wall; and means on said wall forsupporting a work table carrier comprising a vertical guideway the toolfor completely machining saidsurfaces without contacting said projectingsupports.
7. A shaper combining a mainv frame; spaced horizontally extendingramways mounted thereon; and means for adjustably supporting a crossrail on the forward face of said frame comprising a vertically.extending guideway, a Vertical bracket on either side of said guidewayhaving front and rear rclamping surfaces, said ramways being carried Ybysupports projecting forwardly beyond said guideway and brackets with theguideway arranged so that the vertical projection thereof passes betweensaid projecting supports and the Vertical projection of the clampingsurfaces outside of said projecting supports and means for clamping saidrail to said surfaces.
8. A shaper frame combining a forward vertical wall a pair ofhorizontal-ram guideway arranged above said wall, the frame beingprovided with supports carrying said ram guideways outwardly beyond saidwall; crossail bearing and clamping surfaces on said wall arrangedoutside the vertical planes of the outer longitudinal edges of said rainsupports; and cross-rail g'uideways arranged between the Verticalplanesv of the inner longitudinal edges of said supports.
9. A shaper combining a frame having a forward wall; a pair of spacedhorizontal projections extending forwardly beyond said wall, said frameand projections providing spaced rain guideways; a table supportingelement; means on said wall for adjustably mounting said element thereoncomprising a vertical flange arranged outside the vertical plane of theouter longitudinal edge of each of said projections, said flanges havingavcrtical slot and plane bearing surfaces, and vertical guidewaysarranged between the vertical planes of the inner longitudinal edges ofsaid supports; and clamping bolts attached to said Velements andextending through said slots.
10. A shaper combining a frame, spaced horizontal ram guideways on saidframe and extending forwardly on supports projecting from said frame; across rail; and means for supporting said cross rail on said Vframeconiprising vertically extending clamping surfaces arranged to the outerside yof the vertical planes containingthe outer longitudinaledoesrespectively vof said supports, means for clamping the cross railthereto, and vertically extending guideway surfaces for said -ral 'soarranged tht the longitudinal projectons thereof pass between saidsupports,
"whereby a euttingtool may Vbe passedalong *Said surface-s and beyondsaid ram guide- 'Way supports Without interference with the Y scribed myname.
WILLIAM F. ZIMMERMANN.
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2024-03-22
|
1927-06-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-06-17"
}
|
US-69447933-A
|
Embalming device
Aug. 17, 1937. R. 1 WAGNER EMBALMING DEVICE Filed Oct. 20, .1953
Patented Aug. 17, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to a device for holding and dispensing aliquid under predetermined conditions and particularly to a device forholding and dispensing embalming liquids which are to be injected bygravity. However, the
device of this invention is not limited to such use as it may be used inconnection with syringes, and in hospitals. laboratories, and similarplaces where a regular, constant, and slow flow of a liquid is desired,and when it is desired that the rate of flow shall at all times bevisually indicated to the operator.
Receptacles which have heretofore been used for holding embalmingliquids that are to be dispensed by gravity have not been entirelysatisfactory in that no provision was made for obtaining a constant iiowof the liquid regardless of the amount of liquid in the receptacle. Dueto the change in the hydrostatic head the flow would be greater at thebeginning of the injection than at the end. Also such receptacles had nomeans whereby the operator could at all times see at what rate theliquid was being injected and consequently immediately be apprised of astoppage of the ow of the liquid due to an obstruction in the body.Furthermore, in such receptacles, no means were provided for preventingair from entering the body after the last of the liquid was injectedwith the result that tissue gas frequently formed in the body.
The present invention overcomes the objections to embalming devices thathave heretofore been used by providing a main transparent liquidholdingreceptacle and by providing between that receptacle and the injectionneedle means for regulating and visually indicating to the operator therate at which the liquid is being injected into the body.
The regulating and indicating means preferably comprises a transparentchamber for receiving the liquid from the main receptacle which acts asa reservoir for the liquid to be injected. This chamber contains floatactuated valves which control the admission and discharge of the liquidto and from the chamber. That valve is so controlled that apredetermined amount of the liquid will be maintained in the dispensingchamberl as long as liquid remains in the reservoir chamber. The outletvalve is maintained open as long as a predetermined amount of liquidremains in the chamber, but in normal operation closes before all of theliquid is dispensed from the chamber so that the tube leading therefrom5,; to the injection needle will remain filled with the liquid and aircannot pass therethrough and into the body. However, means are providedwhereby the operator may, if he so desires, cause the last of the liquidto ilow from the dispensing chamber. 5
As the liquid flows from the main reservoir receptacle into thedispensing chamber it is deiiected to one side so that the operator maysee at what rate the liquid is flowing into the dispensing chamber andconsequently the rate at 10 which it is being injected intoy the body.Of course, if the ow from the dispensing chamber to the body ceases,liquid no longer lflows into the dispensing chamber and that factimmediately is made apparent to the operator. 15
Advantages other than those enumerated above will appear from thefollowing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing,but it is to be understood that this further disclosure and descriptionis by Way of exemplication and that the invention is not limited theretoexcept as is specifically pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawing,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the dispensingchamber and the lower portion of the main reservoir receptacle;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view through 30 the outlet valve of thedispensing chamber showing the same open for draining the chamber; and
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.
In the drawing I is a generally cone-shaped, transparent or glass liquidholding receptacle provided with handles 2 formed on opposite sides,adjacent the upper edge, whereby the receptacle may be suspended from aceiling or other support. The formation of the handles integrally withthe body eliminates the necessity of attaching a metal band such as isordinarily used for suspending such receptacle and which obstructs theview to the upper part of the receptacle. If desired, the glassreceptacle l may be suitably` graduated so that the operator may notethe eX- act amount of the liquid'remaining in the receptacle or theamount which has already been dispensed therefrom.
The receptacle I diverges upwardly and the entire upper end is left openso that it will be easy to introduce the liquid to be dispensed.
Located between the reservoir receptacle l and The glass vessel 4 isrigidly held in the metal frame consisting of a top member 1, a bottommember G, and tie rods 9 located on diametrically u' of the rods B.
. of the rubber tube is opposite sides of the vessel. The top member 1forms a closure for the open upper end ofthe vessel 4 and has its edgeI0 flanged to extend beyond and around the upper side of the vessel. i
A suitable vent 1 is provided so that a uniform flow of liquid from thevessel may be obtained. The bottom lmember `8 is shaped to conform tothe hemispherical bottonrof` the vessel 4 and is provided with anopening II through which the nipple 5 and the rubber tube 6 pass. Theend ilared as at I2 to provide suitable packing between the vessel 4 andthe bottoni member 8. The bottom member 8, like the top member 1, has aflange I3 which extends outwardly beyond the vessel 4. The flanges I andhave aligned openings for the tie rods 9. The cpeningsin the flange I0are slightly larger than the rods 9 so that the rods may freely passtherethrough while the openings in the flange I3 are threaded to receivethe threaded lower ends The upper ends of the rods y9 are provided withwings I4 so that the rods may readily be turned with the ngers to screwtheir lower ends into the threaded openings of the lower member 8 torigidly connect the upper and lower members to the vessel 4.
When the dispensing chamber is connected directly to the receptacle I aconnecting member i5 having a threaded lower end is inserted in thetapering neck at the lower end of the receptacle I I and the threadedend screwed into a threaded central opening I6 in the top member 1 untilthe receptacle is rigidly secured to the top member. A. resilient washerI1 may be interposed between the head I8 of the member I5 and the neckof the receptacle I to prevent breakage of the latter, and a packingwasher I9 is preferably placed between the neck of the receptacle I andthe top member l of the dispensing chamber to insure a liquidtightconnection at that point. The head I8 of the connecting member I5 iskerfed at 20 to facilitate screwing the member into the top member 1.
Liquid passes from the receptacle I to the dispensing chamber throughthe connecting member iii, and to that end the connecting member isprovided with a relatively small bore 2| at its upper end and arelatively large bore 22 extending from the bore 2| to the lower end ofthe member.
For cont-(rolling the flow of liquid fromthe receptacle I tothedispensing chamber, and from the dispensing chamber to the injectingneedle 3,
a hollow metal float 23 is located within the vessel and is xedlysecured .on a .valve rod 24 which has its upper end extending intothebore 22 of the connecting member I5 at the upperend of the chamberand its lower end extending through the `nipple 5 at the bottom of thevessel. The diameter of the valve rod is considerably less than'thediameter of the bore 22 of the member l5 and the inner diameter of thenipple `5 so that ample space is provided for the liquid to flow aboutthe rod through the bore 22 and the nipple 5. However, the diameter ofthe rod is greater than that of the bore 2| of the member I5. The upperend of the rod 24 is provided with a conical valve 25 so that when apredetermined amount of liquid has flowed from the receptacle I-into thevessel 4 and has caused the float 23 therein to rise, the valve 25 willseat against the end of the bore 2| and prevent further flow of theliquid into the vessel 4 until some of the liquid therein flows outthrough the nipple 5.
Positioned within the rubber tube 6 adjacent the lower end of the nipple5 is a cylindrical valve member 26 which has the lower end thereofclosed except for a central opening 21 through which liquid from thevessel 4 may flow to the injection needle. The lower end of the valverod 24 is provided with a conical valve 28 which, when the float 23descends, is caused to seat on the edges of the opening 21 and preventfurther discharge of the liquid from `the vessel 4."r The float 23 willbe so made that the valve 28 will be caused to seat on the edges of theopening 21 just before all of the Vliquid ows from the vessel 4 so thatthe tube ,6 will remain filled with the liquid in order to prevent airfrom passing through the tube into the bodywhere it would form tissuegas. However, if the operator desiresto drain the Vessel 4 it is onlynecessary that he grasp the valve member 26 with his fingers and pull itdown to the position shown in Fig. 3. When the valve member 26 islowered to that extent, the float 23 will rest on the bottom of theglass vessel 4 and the valve k28 will be suspended above operatorrelease the member 26 when, due to the resiliency of the rubber tube,vit will bereturned to the posit-ion shown in 2.
vIn Fig. 2 the vessel is shown as being empty and with the valve 23resting on the edges of the opening 21. AIl." liquid is now poured intothe vessel 4 it will flow through the and down around the valve rod 24until it encounters the deflector 29. It will then run along the surfaceof the deflector and drip from the lower edge thereof into the bottom ofthe vessel 4. When a predetermined amount of the liquid hask run intothe vessel 4 the float 23l will rise and open the valve 21. On continuedupward movement of the float the valve 25 will engage the edges of thebore 2| to stop further flow lfrom the receptacle I. of liquid flowingfrom the receptaclefl will be in accordance with into the body, and asthe flow will be deflected by and dropped from the disc 2B, the operatormay readily see at what rate the liquid is being injected, or if theflow through the needle stops due to an obstruction in the body thatfact can also be noted by the operator. After all ofthe liquid hasflowed from the receptacle I into the gradually cause the float `23 tobe lowered until the valve 28 yengages the edges of the opening 21 andstops further discharge from the vessel` 4. Thereafter if it is desiredto'drain the vessel 4 26 and lower itin the' mannerV previouslydescribed. f
The rubber tubing i is graduated `as vshown at B' so that the operatormay determine at 'just therefrom. As soon as all Thereafter, the amountthe amount being injected bores 2| and 22 :'45
vessel 4, further discharge from the vessel 4 will '65 the operatorneedonly grasp the valve `member what pressure the embalming liquid isbeing injected. That is desirable as the pressure at the injectionnozzle should vary depending upon the cause of death, size of body,condition of body, and other conditions which the undertaker has tocontend with. As the iioat 23 maintains a constant hydraulic head on theliquid in the tube 6 to get any desired pressure at the injection nozzleit is only necessary to raise or lower the reservoir receptacle I. Thegraduations 6 read downwardly from the vessel 4 so in order to read thepressure existing at the injection nozzle it is only necessary to holdthe receptacle l directly over the point of injection and read down thetube to a point level with the injection point.
From the aforegoing, itl will be apparent that the present inventionprovides a satisfactory and eiiicient means for dispensing a liquidunder a regular and constant ow, and where it is desirable that the rateat which the liquid is dispensed shall at all times be visuallyindicated to the operator. Furthermore, the `present invention providesa device which is particularly adapted for dispensing an embalmingliquid by gravity and for cutting off the flow of that liquid before thesupply is entirely exhausted whereby air is prevented from entering thebody where it would form tissue gas.
I claim:-
1. A device for injecting liquids by gravity which comprises a reservoirreceptacle, a dispensing chamber located beneath said reservoirreceptacle and in communication therewith, said dispensing chamberhaving at least a portion of the wall thereof transparent, a verticallyoperating valve for closing the passage between the reservoir receptacleand the dispensing chamber, and a deflector on the valve stem forcausing liquid iiowing therealong to be deflected therefrom in a singlestream and to cause the rate at which liquid is iiowing into saiddispensing chamber to be visually indicated.
2. In a device of the character described, a dispensing chamber having adischarge outlet, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured to thedispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes through saidoutlet, a valve seat in said tube, a valve cooperating with said seatand operable to seat thereon when liquid in the dispensing chamberreaches a predetermined low level, said rubber tubing permitting thevalve seat to be moved away from said valve a sulcient distance afterthe Valve has seated thereon to permit the dispensing chamber to bedrained.
3. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, adispensing chamber in communication therewith and having a dischargeoutlet including a valve seat, means for regu- 4. In a device of thecharacter described, a
reservoir receptacle, a dispensing chamber in communication therewithand having a discharge outlet including a valve seat, means forregulating the flow of liquid from the reservoir receptacle to thedispensing chamber in accordance with the rate at which liquid isdispensed from said chamber, a valve cooperating with said seat andoperable to close the outlet when liquid in the dispensing chamberreaches a predetermined low level, and means whereby said seat may bemoved away from said valve a dis'- tance sufficient to permit thedispensing chamber to be drained.
5. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, adispensing chamber in communication therewith having a discharge outlet,means' for regulating the flow of liquid from the reservoir receptacleto the dispensing chamber in accordance with the rate at which liquidflows from said chamber, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured tothe dispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes throughsaid outlet, a valve seat in said tube, a valve cooperating with saidseat and operable to close the outlet when liquid in the dispensingchamber reaches a predetermined low level, said rubber tube permittingthe valve seat to thereafter be moved from said valve a distancesuiiicient to permit the dispensing chamber to be drained.
6. In a device of the character described, a reservoir receptacle, adispensing chamber in communication therewith and having a dischargeoutlet, a float controlled valve for regu lating .the flow of liquid tosaid dispensing chamber, a rubber tube having one end thereof secured tothe dispensing chamber for conducting away liquid which passes throughthe outlet therefrom, a valve seat in said tube, a float controlledvalve cooperating with said seat and operable to seat thereon when theliquid in the dispensing chamber reaches a predetermined low level, saidrubber tubing permitting the valve seat thereafter to be moved from saidvalve a distance sufcient to permit the draining of the dispensingchamber.
ROY L. WAGNER.
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2024-03-22
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1933-10-20
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1937-08-17"
}
|
US-1912694669-A
|
Binder-head.
J. L. WARE.
BINDER HEAD.
- APPLICATIQN TILED MAY 2, 1912. 1,106,604,, Patented Aug. 11,1914.
4 SHEETS-SHEET l.
J. L. WARE.
BINDER HEAD.
m PM mm Z 5 mm 5 MW N R N. M
An mm m4 7 MN ww N a m mm JV 5 m &
m WW1 inm m E pg 4 mm v 45 W O r Q L M 0m J L WARE BINDER HEAD.
I APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1912. 1,106,604. Patented Aug. 11, 1914,
4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
m MS w vm m w l V 4 a mw a w .m mm Q J lHE NORRIS PETERS CO.PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTONJD,
J. L. WARE.
BINDER HEAD. APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1912
Patented Au 11,1914,
4 SHEETS-SHEET 4,
THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHO. WASHINGTON, D. C.
rrnD STATES PATENT orrron.
Josnrn L. WARE,
or sr. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR TO WARE GRAIN BINDER BINDER-HEAD.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Aug. 11, 1914.
Application filed May 2, 1912. Serial No. 694,669.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOSEPH L. WARE, of St. Paul, Ramsey county,Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBinder-Heads, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to means for securing a cord around a bundle ofgrain, corn, hay, or other material,-and is designed as an improvementover a portion of the mechanism shown and described in my pendingapplication filed May 1, 1909, Serial No. 493,325.
My invention consists generally in various constructions andcombinations, all as here inafter described and particularly pointed outin the claims.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, Figure1 is a ver tical sectional view through'a, binder with by inventionparts in their normal position before the movement of the needle to bindthe bundle, Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the position of the partswhen the needle has carried the cord around thebundle and the parts arein position to place the clip on the crossed portions of the cord, Fig.3 is a detail sectional view, showing the operating parts of the binderhead in their normal position, Fig. 4 is an end view of the. same, Fig.5 is a view, partially in section, taken on the opposite side of thebinder head from the View shown in Fg. 3, Fig. 6 is a vertical sectionalview illustrating the mechanism for feeding the ribbon, Fig. 7 is ahorizontal sectional view showing the position assumed by the partspreparatory to the operation of folding the clip around the cord, Fig. 8is a detail view, partially in section, showing the position of theparts when the folding operation has been completed, Fig. 9 is a detailview of one of the jaws, Fig. 10 is a detail view of the cord severingknife, Fig. 11 is a similar view, showing the operation of the combinedsevering knife and cord holder, Figs. 12 and 13 illustrate the manner'ofplacing the clip on the cord.
In the drawing, 2 represents the deck of a binder, 3 the needle, 3 apacker arm, the operation of the needle and the packer. arms,
being controlled by the trip lever 4 operated through mechanism at theopposite side of applied thereto, showing the the deck in the usualwayon machines of this type.
knotter head usually employed with a binder is mounted. The frame 6 ofthe binder has a hub 7 that is adapted to slip on to the shaft 5, and onthis frame the clip forming and folding mechanism is mounted. A disk 8is secured on the shaft 5 and provided with cam surfaces which I willdesignate by reference numerals 9 and 10. A plate 11 is secured to oneside of the disk and projects radially thereon toward its periphery. Alever 12 is pivotedat 13 on the hub 7 and is provided with a projectingarm 14 having thereon and spaced apart suiiiciently to receive the edgeof the disk 8 so that in the revolution of the disk the lever 12 will beoscillated back and forth. 1
A plunger 17 is arranged to slide hori Zontally between a fixed jaw 18provided has a longitudinal a cutting edge 26 near aslot 27, throughwhich the metallic ribbon 28 is fed.
The mechanism which I prefer to employ for this feeding operationcomprises a lower 7 roll 29, an upper roll 30 having a gear connection31 with the lower roll, said lower roll being pivoted at 32 and providedwith a lever 33 and a spring 34 hearing on said lever and holding theroll 29 in contact with the roll 30 with a yielding pressure. The
roll 30 is journaled in a wall 35, while the roll 29 is free tooscillate 'on its pivotal support. These rolls are preferably arrangedwithin a chamber 36 having a door 37 leading thereto and in the upperpart of this chamber a lever 38 is mounted, having one end adapted tobear on the knife 20 and provided with a dog 39 at its other end whichanti-friction rollers 15 l and 16 mounted with a longitudinal guide-way19 and an I upstroke of the knife ing the depression s.) The '40 42 andwing movement of this knife will tilt the "lever 38,=.-revolve the rollsto feed the ribbon be tween them and on the downward move- 15' ment ofthe knife the spring 41 'will lift the dog 39 so that it will againcatch the teeth of the upper'roll to feed the'ribbon on the The plate11,' durof theknife 20, bears on one of the rollers 44 and holds theknife in 7 its depressed positionso that-it forms a portion of theguide-way for the plunger during the operation of passing the cliparound the cord.
At the forward end of the stationary jaw is a curved 7 7 also having acurved face and the face 45 the cord the operation of placing the clipthereon. The jaw 46 is mounted on' a lever I anti-friction roller .50that is'engaged'by the cam surface 10 on the disk 8 and rocked at apredetermined point in the operation of the mechanism to move the jaw 46forward to rip the crossed portions of the cord and hold'them firmlyduring the operation of.
folding the clip around the cord; 1 (See Fig. lever 48 has apart betweenthe pivot 49. and the roller 50 that is slightly flexible to compensatefor any variation in the thickness of the cord that is gripped be tweenthe movable and stationary jaws. This lever also has a spring 48 (seeFig. 3) whichnormally tendsto hold the movable jaw in its retractedposition. The'jaw 46 is preferably composed of plates spaced apart, asindicated in Fig. '9, having grooves or re- -cesses in their. edgeswhich are adapted to receive the end of the clip and guide it around thecrossed portions of thecord, and each plate has a projecting toe portionoperatingto guide the crossed portions of the cord against the'curv'edface 47 and cooperate with the fixed jaw to hold the portions of thecord securely while the clip is being clamped thereon.
At the lower end of the jaw 46 is a stud 51 which enters a slot 52 in adisk 58 pivoted at 54 on the frame of the binder head. Then this jaw 46movesforward toward the cord,
. this disk will be rotated to'swing in under the cord and lift itupso'that the lower end of the movable jaw will pass under the cord andguide it into the curved faces of'the face 45 and opposite this aw is "amovable jaw 46, i 47, between which is gripped during 48 pivotedat 49and having an:
jaws. Backward movement ofthe disk 53 is limited by a stop 55. Ialso'prefer to provide a spring 56 and a rod 57 pivotally connectedwiththe disk 53, so that when the disk is swung across the throat of thebinder head the spring 56 will be put'unaer tension i to return thedisk.to its normal position. The. disk 53, in addition to its functionofraising and supporting the 'cord,.al so clears 1: V
the throat of any straw. or foreign-matter that may havecollectedtherein cutter 58 and a sliding. blade 59 having a recess 60 therein,the outer wall of said recess being provided with a cutting-edgefilandaNear the movable aw ls :acombinedcord holder and knlfeyconsisting'ofastatlon'ary blunt or pp ng e ge 61'. This blade. is
normally held in its retracted position a spring. 62 and" is projectedpreferably. by meansof 'a lever. 63- pivoted -at .64 onthe frame ..ofthebinder headlandhaving one end projecting into" a camigroove 65on-theshaft 5. The stationary-cutterz58.has'a cut} ting edge 66. whichpotiperates with the cut ting edge 61 of the movable blade tosever bladebeing arranged in' connection iwithj'asu1table means,'.:such asthespring 67', to
'90 "j the 'cord which is laidfin the path. of the 1 cutting. edge onthe; reurnstroke. of. the needle, the blunt: or roundedp'ortion of the wfirst grip the cordbe'fore the cutting'edge 66 engages and savers-it torele'asetheinewly f bound: bundlegi fWhen this has been done,"
the bound bundle I may 'be'fd'ischarged from the machine, while one endlof the cor-d is gripped .injthe holder preparatory; ;,to the formationOf-LflllOthQI:blll1 dli.r The-tension 7 of the; spring army be?increased or "cle creasedbytheadjustmentoffthe set screw 68.; 1 j 1 O Inthe operation: of. the mechanism, the grain will .be delivered to theZbinder deck and packed in the. usual way by theipackerl arms and at apredetermined time the needle will carry up. the cord. and lay it acrossthe end portion that is-gripped by the" cord holder. When this has beendone; the movable jaw will be actuated and will rotate V the disk 53to-lraise-the cord and. clear the throatand cooperate with thestationaryjaw to grip firmly. the crossed portions of the wiseby theplunger 17fand folded around U i.
rated. the clip will" be squeezed securely on a V the cord, as'indicatedin Fig. 18. On. the return stroke of the needle the cord will be laidinthe recess 60 and thegripping and 7 severing operationperformedin themanner described.
heads applied to; a harvester for binding;
,bundles of graingwbut ityis evident that fa i have shown niyimpr'oive'rnent in binderrf cord. The clip having been :s'e'veredby the;operation-of theknife 20,will be moved end- Considerable portion of thismechanism could be employed for binding a cord around a bundle of grain,hay, or other material which it is desirableor customer-y to put up inbundles or bales. a
I claim as my invention j 1. The combination, with a binder deck, of acord holder, means for packing the grain against the cord, a needlearranged to bring up the loose end of the cord and lay it across thatportion held by said holder, a ribbon feeding device includingcooperating rolls, an oscillating knife arranged to cut a clip from theribbon, means for operating said knife, means actuated bythe movement ofsaid knife for revolving said rolls to feed the ribbon, and means forbending the clip around the contiguous portions of the cord.
2. In a binder head, a cord holder, means arranged to bring. up theloose end of the cord and lay it across that portion held by saidholder, a ribbon feeding device including cooperating rolls, anoscillating knife and means for operating the same, a lever having oneend yieldingly held in contact with said knife, a dog carried by saidlever and adapted to engage and operate said rolls, said leveroscillating with the movement of said knife to impart a rotary movementto said rolls.
3. The combination, with a binder deck, of a cord holder, means forpacking the grain against the cord, a needle arranged to bring up thecord and lay it across that portion held by said holder, a ribbonfeeding device, including cotiperating. rolls, a clip severing knife andmeans for operating the same, a spring pressed lever engaging said knifeto be actuated thereby, a dog carried by said lever and adapted toengage and revolve said rolls.
4:. In a binderhead, acord holder, means for bringing together theportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp isformed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder inwhich the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and meansactuated by one of said jaws for clearing said throat preliminary to theclamping operation.
5. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing togethertherportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp isformed, a throat being provided contiguous to said j aws and holder inwhich the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and meansactuated by the movement of one of said jaws for clearing said throatpreliminary to the clamping operation.
6. In a binder head, a cord holder and means for bringing together theportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp isformed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder andin which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, and a diskoperatively connected with one of said jaws and actuated thereby toclear said throat.
7. In a binder-head, means for bringing together the portions of thecord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp is formed, a throatbeing provided contiguous to said jaws, a holder in which the portionsof the cord to be secured together lie, and means operating at an angleto the plane of said jaws and actuated thereby for lifting said cord.
8. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing together theportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp isformed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder inwhich the portions of the cord to be securedtogether lie, a diskdisposed beneath one of said jaws and operated thereby and adapted tomove across said throat and support the cord therein during the clampingoperation.
9. In a binder head, a cord holder, means for bringing together theportions of the cord to be clamped, jaws between which the clamp isformed, a throat being provided contiguous to said jaws and holder andin which the portions of the cord to be secured together lie, a diskhorizontally arranged and having a slot therein to receive a pin on'oneof said jaws whereby, when said jaw is operated, said disk will be movedback and forth across said throat, and a stop for limiting the rotarymovement of said disk.
10. In a binder-head, a cord holder comprising relatively reciprocatingmembers having opposing gripping jaws between which the cord is held andlocated on one side of said members, said members also having severingedges located on the opposite side thereof, said severing membersoperating to cut the cord between the holder and the bundle while saidgripping members grip the free end of the cord so severed.
11. The combination, with a deck, of a cord holder including a movablejaw having a cutting and a gripping edge and means cooperating therewithfor successively gripping the cord and severing it, means for packingthe material to be bound against the cord, a needle arranged to bring upthe loose end of the cord and lay it across that portion held by saidholder, means for placing a clip around the crossed portions of thecord, means for opening said holder to release the end of the cord heldthereby, the needle on its return movement laying the cord in the openholder, the closing of said holder operating to sever the cord betweenthe holder and said clip and release the bundle and grip one endpreparatory to binding another bundle.
12. The combination, with a deck, of a cord holder having means forcutting the cord and means for gripping it, means for packing thematerial to be bound against 7 the cord, a needle arranged to bring upthe holder operating to sever the cord between V the holder and saidclip and, release the bundle and grip one severed end preparatory tobinding another bundle.
13. In. a binder head, a cordiholder hav ing means for cuttingthe Cordandlrneans for-gripping it, means for openingtheholder to release theend of the cord gripped there'- by, said cutting-means operating togsever the cord between'the holder and the bundle,
and said gripping means 'engagingvonei s'evr ered' end preparatorytobinding another V bundle when said rcord' holder is released by I V e:i v .7: In witness .whereof l hav'e'hereunto "set;- my hand this-2 7 '1.day of April 1912. j 1] I r :L-rW J: J
saidiopeningmeans.
Witnesses:
V ZGENEVIEVEKE. SQRENSE 'M i EDWARn-A. PAUL.
iCepies of this patent maybe obtained'for fire cents each, byeiddfes'singtlie f bbnim i slsiloner 'ofrfatents f 1'
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2024-03-22
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1912-05-02
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1914-08-11"
}
|
US-10748926-A
|
Hair-curling apparatus
P. SANTURELLO HAIR CURLING APPARATUS April 5, 1927. 1,623,758
Filed May 7. 1926 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Pefer janfurafla INVENTOR;
A TTORNEY 1,623,758 Ap 5, 1927' P. SANTURELLO HAIR CURLING APPARATUSFiled May '7; 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W, 27 30 L Z (ml! Pefer 5a/7/urz//0V'INVENYTOR.
1 April 7 P. SANTURELLQ HAIR CURLING APPARATUS Filed May '7, 1926 5Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.
A TTORNEY 0 M w f M 5 f m P I Patented Apr. 5 1927.
PETER SANTURELLO, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.
HAIR-CURLING APPARATUS.
1 Application filed May '2, 1926. Serial No. 107,489.
My invention relates broadly to a hair curling apparatus and has to doparticularly withjtheprovision of a device for winding hair upon amandrel'and for simultaneously.
5 covering such hair with a tape.
In the past, in the permanent waving of hair, it has been the practiceto secure-a:
mandrel to a lock or bunch of hair'a djacent the scalpiby means ofapiece -;of string or the like and to then 'wind or .coil the hair I byhand about the mandrel and secure the remote ends thereof to the mandrelby a second piece of string. The hair so wound about the ,niandrel wasthen coveredby a spirally wrapped tape and then subjected to heat. Thisprocess is not only laborious, colnp'icated and slow but it involves theuse of various-tools for .tensioning the hair upon the mandrel, which isusuallypro- 0 vided with a ratchet mechanism for securing the hair intaut position. Also the winding of the-hair and tape requiresconsiderable skill on the part of. the-operator and uniform andsatisfactory results are not always 3 obtained.
- invention. provides, among other things, mechanism for securing amandrel to the hair without the use of' strings, et cetera; mechanicalmeans for winding .or
) coi'ing the hair upon the mandrel and for simultaneously covering suchhair with a spirally woundtape; and means for stretchin. and overlappingthe successive spirals of hair and .tape toobtain tightly and uniformlywound curls of hair. f
The principal object of my'inventionjis the provision of means wherebythe curling and tape wrapping operations may be rap idly accomplishedwithout damaging the hair or requiring the services of a skilledoperator.
' Another object of my invention is the provision of a positive,effective and easily manipulated gripping and locking device forattaching the mandrel to a lock of hair adjacent the scalp.
A further object of my invention is the provision of a device formechanically winding hair about a mandrel in a manner which ensuresoverlapping of the successive spirals and produces deep uniform, andequally tensioned curls.
A still further object of my invention is the provision of mechanismfor'wra ping a tape around the hair upon the man el and -for performingthis tape winding operation simultaneously with the hair winding oper- Iatlon.
Another 'object of my invention is the provision 'of means for securingthe wound ha rJ-and tape upon the mandrel during the subsequent.dampening and heating operation.
Still another object of my invention is the provision of means forsecuring the mandrel and heating apparatus together during the steamingof the hair.
Other important features of my inven tion will appear as the descriptionprogresses and will be more particularly defined in the appended claims.v The various objects of my invention may be obtained bvlthe embodimentillustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein similar referencenumerals designate corresponding parts in the several figures andwherein-- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a curling mandrel showing myimproved hair grip- ,ping and locking device attached thereto;
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the hair gripping and locking deviceshown in Figure 1;
" Figure 3 is a perspective view of the mandrel and gripping deviceshown in Figure 1 with parts disassembled and showing the manner ofsecuring the different parts in operative relation, and the spirallyrecessed plates which co-act to attach'the mans drelf to a lock of hair;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device employed for winding thehair and tape around the mandrel;
Figure 5 is a perspective view similar-to Figure 4 but showing theopposite s1de of the winder and particularly the slot through which thetape enters Figure 6 is a perspective view of the tape containing shelland parts for attaching it to the winder; I p p Figure 7 is aperspective view of the winder and'tape container in assembled relation;
Figure 8 is a perspective view of one form of spring clip for securingthe mandrel within the heating apparatus;
Figure 9 is3aperspective view showing the mandrel, hair winder and tapecontainer" in assembled relation and a lock of hair secured in thegripping head preparatory to the hair and tape winding operation;
' Figure 10 is a perspective view similar w ardly depending flange 6carrying astop" to Figure 9 showing the hair partially wo'und upon themandrel and the tape covering the wound hair;
Figure 11 is a side elevational view showing the hair and tape windingoperations completed, the tape container having been removed from thewinder and the mandrel secured within the heating apparatus;
Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a modified winder;
Figure 13 is a perspective view showingthe same winder as is shown inFigure 12 but with parts in dotted lines to show the interior thereof;
Figure 14 is a side elevational view show-* ing in particular an adapterwhereby my novel mandrel and winder may be fitted to heaters ofdifi'er'ent sizes and designs;
Figure 15 is a side elevational view, partly broken away to show theinterior of the adapter shown in Figure 14 and the spring clip forholding the mandrel in assembled relation therewith;
Figure 16 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 1616 of Figure15;
Figure 17 is a transverse sectional view a lockof hair in closeproximity to the scalp.
This gripping device comprises the superimposed plates 2 and 3 which arepreferably co-axially mounted and formed with the opposed spiralrecesses or slots 4 and 5 for a purpose which will hereafter appear. Thelower plate 2 may be formed with a down- 7, a centrally disposedexternally threaded pro ect1on'8, adapted to interfit with theinternally threaded end 9 of the mandrel 1, and an oppositely extendinginternallythreaded post 10 forming a bearing portion for the upper plate3. .The upper plate 3 may be formed'with a flange 11 which encloses partof the flange 6 of the plate 2 whenthe two plates are superimposed, and,may also-be provided with lugs 12 and 13 which abut the stop 7 formed onthe flange 6 of the plate 2 when the upper plate is revolved oroscillated about the post 10.
, The two plates 2 and 3 may be secured incontacting relation by meansofa screw 14 'WllHll engages a threadedsocket in the post 10.. The head ofscrew 14 is preferably have been revolved'pr oscillated.
countersunk or positioned in the cup 15 formed on plate 3 and aresilient washer or spring 16 may be interposed between the cup-15 andthe head of screw 14 for increasing the friction between plates 2 and 3.With the construction justdescribed, the plates 2 and 3 are revoluble or'oscillatable main in any relative position to which they hen in theposition shown in Figures 1- and 2 a lock of hair may be inserted inopening 17 and either plate revolved relatively to the other by turningplate 3 by means of prm jection 18 or by turning mandrel 1 to which theplate 2 is secured. The plates 2 and 3 are arranged in overlappingrelation and the screw 14: countersunk or encased by cup 15 to preventthe hair from becoming entangled or fast in the device when in use.
In the use of the grippingdevice just described, when a lock of hair onthe scalp has been segregated and positioned in the vopening 17, one ofthe plates 2 or 3 is revolved or turned with relation to the other andtlie spiral slots 4 and 5 progressively eclipse-the opening 17 until'themandrel is tightly, secured to the hair, as shown in Figure 9. Thefriction between plates 2 and 3 will be sufi icient to prevent looseningof the plates or disengagement of the hair during succeeding operations.The opening 17 first completely encloses the hair and then becomesprogressively smaller as the plates 2 and 3 are revolved, and myinvention thus provides means for accommodating different sized locks orbunches of hair.
The winding device for wrapping or coiling the'hair around the mandrel 1comprises a hook-like outwardly extending finger 19, a relatively narrowhelical slot 20 which communicates with a comparatively larger opening21 and an internallyenlarged cup portion 22 which is formed incontinuation of the main body portion 23. "The centrally bored main bodyportion 23' of 'thewinder may be provided with thevoppositely disposedribs 24 and 25 and a projection 26 for a purpose to be hereafterexplained. The main body portion 23 is also preferably with reference toeach other and they reformed withtlie externally threaded spring"segments '27 that are separated by slots 28 and carry a knurled nut 29which is adapted to .constrict the opening 30.when screwed onto theslightlytaper'ing segments 27 and so hold the winder in any desiredposition upon the mandrel. The enlarged cup portion 22 is designed-tocontain the lock or bunch of hair 31 (Figure 10) which is car-' riedthereinto by the finger 19 and helical slot 20, and thelip 32 functionsto smooth and stretch the hair as it is being wound.-
The helical slot 20 and opening 31 are preferably proportioned to carrythe hair into the cup port1on 22, stretch it and overlap the successivespirals to form uniform,
deep and properly tensioned curls or coils upon the mandrel.
One of the principal objects of my -invention is the provision of meansfor simultaneously' wrapping the hair being wound upon the mandrel witha tape. Therefore, I have provided a tape container which is adapted tobe removably attached to the winder. This tape container asbest shown inFigure 6 comprises a shell 33 which is and 24 of the winder and thebracket slid onto the winder until stopped by the dent 40 abuttingagainst themain body portion 23 of the winder. When in this position thebracket may be revolved slightly with reference to the winder, whereuponthe notch 39 will engage with the projection-26 and Figures 'tioned, inthe above so effectually prevent the bracket from moving lengthwise ofthe winder during subsequent operations' When properly posidescribedmanner the slot 35 of the tape containing shell 33 will register withthe tape slot 41 or the winder. ie tape employed is preferably of cloththereof may he slipped onto the central spindle '34 of the tapecontainer 33 and its free end projected through the slot 35. The freeend of the roll of .tape 42 may. be tapered or cut away as clearly shown'in 9 and 10. After the roll of tape has been positioned upon thespindle 34 and its free end threaded through slot 35, the bracket 36maybe attached to the winder and the free end of the tape passed throughslot 41. WVhen thus assembled and the winder slid onto the mandrel thedevice presents the appearance shownin Figure 9.-
In 'opera-t on, when the mandrel 1 has been secured to a previouslysegregated lock or bunch of hair adjagent the scalp by/revolw mg oroscillating either of theplates 2 or 3 as previouslydescribed, thewinder is'slid into contact with the underside of platc'2 the hairengaged under finger 19 and the winder revolved whereupon the hair willbe carried into the opening 21. Meanwhile the i end of the tape is heldby the projecting end thereof until wound. shown in Figure 10 and byreference thereto, it Will-be seen that the edges of opening'21 andthelip 32 of the \vinder'earry'the hair 31 around the mandrel, and thatthe slot 41 the first few spirals have been The. winding *operation isbest" hair is also stretched, smoothed and spread and the successivespirals overlapped by the turning of the winder. The spirals of hair andtape are also overlapped so that parts of the spirals of .hair areenclosed: between the successive layers of tape and parts are presseddirectly between the mandrel and overlying tape. The winding operationis continued until about all of the hair and tape have been wound aroundthe mandrel, whereupon the downward movement of the winder is preferablydiscontinued and the winder simply revolved until all of the ends of theindividual hairs have disappeared intothe cup portion 22 and all ofthetape has been unwound from the spindle 34 When this has occurred thewinder may be a forced against the wound hair and tape to compact itlengthwise, the winder being preferably simultaneously revolved to givethe hair and tape a final stretching, then the nut 29 may be tightenedto secure the winder in -place upon the mandrel during succeedingoperations. The appearance of the device during an intermediate stage ofthe hair and tape winding is illustrated in Figure 10. Duringthe'winding operation, the clamps. 38 serve as a convenient grip for thefingers. After the hair and tape have been wound upon'the mandrel thebracket 36 may be removed from the winder and when this'has been donethe device appears as illustrated in Figure 11. It will be understoodthat the ends of the hairand tape are securely held within the cupportion 22 of the winder and thereby prevented from loosening orunwinding during subsequent operations.
Vhen the hair has been wound on the mandrel as above'described, it isready for the heating or steaming operation. The roll of tape 42 may.-be dampened with the hair has been completed the exact time of, dampenmg somewhat upon tlie-'-pi'efei"eiice of the user, For the purposeofapplying heat to the hair and tape any desired type of heater may beemployed and I have diagraminati cally shownan electric heater in Figure11 which comprises a tube 5-) and a resistance element container 51. Themandrel may be positioned in this heater as-shown in Figure 11 andsecured therein by means of the spring. clamps 52 and 53 which engagewith the groove 54'around the end of the mandrel. These. spring clampsare secured to a plate 55 and are provided with portions 56 which engagewith the walls of the tubel50. Thus the mandrel is securely butremovably'held within the heater and the plate 55 together ing.
of sufficient length to fit most any heater with the plate 2 of thegripping liead forms a seal to prevent escape of steam during theheating. The spring clamps may be easily adjusted longitudinally of thetube 50.,to
are all in opposition so that revolving or manipulating one part willnot loosen or disengage other parts which have been previously securedtogether.
In Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 is illustrated a novel arrangement wherebymy mandrel may be adapted for use in heating elements of different sizesand designs. There'are on the market a great many different sizedheaters for steaming the hair wound upon a mandrel, and these heatershave central openings of differentsizes and are of widely varyinglength. Therefore, I have provided an adapter comprising a tube having aflared end 81 and its other end fitted with a removable cap 82. Slidablymounted on the tube 80 is a collar 83 having a tapered portion 84 andprovided with a set screw 85 whereby the said collar may be secured'inany desired position upon the tube 80. .Thetube 80 may be insertedthrough the central open-. mg 87 of the particular heater 86, the collar83 and cap 82 being removed at this time and then the collar 83 slidonto the tube and secured in place by the set screw 85. The cap82together with the. depending flange of the lower plate of the hairgripping device will prevent escape of steam during the heat- It will/benoted that the tube 80 is and that the flared end 81 together withthetapered portion 84 of the collar 83 adapt "the tube to heaters havingdifferent sized central openings.
\Vithin the tube 80 I have provided a "spring clip 90 having resilienttongues 91- and 92 which, are provided with corners 93 intendedtogengage the'inner wall of'thetube 80 m such a manner'as to preventsliding of the clip 90 as" the end groove 5& of the mandrel is insertedbetween the ,resilient tongues 91 and 92. This spring .clip forms.
a convenient means of removably securing the mandrel Within theheatingapparatus and together witlithe tube 80, which is preferably formed froma metal having a high thermal conductivity, provided means for lt-willbe noted that the entire appaadapting my mandrel and winding apparatusto the different types and sizes of heaters.
- In Figure 18, I show a temperature indicating device which may beemployed in association with the adapter tube 80 or in directvassociation with any other type of heater. In the heating or steaming ofhair wound upon a mandrel it is the practice to expose the hair for acertain definite time to the action of the heat, and this practice isobjectionable because variations in the strength of'the current passingthrough the resistance element and variations in other factors cause thehair to be heated either too much or'too little during the time the hairremains within the heater. Accordingly I haveprovided a temperatureindicating device which may be removably positioned within an opening101 of a cap 102 designed to engage with the end of adapter tube 80 orwith the end'of the particular heater with which it is employed. Thistemperature indicator may comprise a thermometer 103 suitably graduatedas at 104 and having its bulb portion 105 which is preferably encased bya metal sheath 106 positioned within a relatively large chamber 107formed in the cap 102. In using this device the operator may know theexact temperature to which the hair is being subjected and so eitherprolong or shorten the ordinary heating time as found necessary toobtain the best results. Another way of using this device is to ignorethe usual time period and 100 simply heat the hair until the thermometerindicates a certain predetermined temperature.
From the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have provideda device which may be employed for curling hair in a minimum time and ina uniform and systematica manner. My invention also, properl tensionsthe hair, avoids the use of strings and the like and performssimultaneously'the two ordinarily separate operations of hair: windingand taping. It will furthermore be apparent that my novel adapter makespossible the use of my mandrel and r winder with heaters ofdifierent'sizes and designs and that the temperature indicating devicemakes possible a very accurate. control of the heat towhich the hair'issubjected.
I claim is: a 1. In a device of the class described, the combination ofa mandreh; a winder and a tape container removably' secured to'saidHaving thus described my invention, what 120.
lock of hair around said mandrel and simultaneously covering the hair socurled with a tape.
4. A device of the class described, comprising in combination, amandrel, rotatable means for wrapping hair around said mandrel and meansfor covering the hair so Wrapped, around said mandrel with a tape.
5. A device ofthe class described, comprising a winder and a tapecontainer attached to said winder. I
6. A device of the class'described, comprising a mandrel, a winderadapted to wrap hair around said mandrel, a tape, and a slot ormed insaid winder for wrapping said tape around said mandrel.
7. A device of the class described, comprising a mandrel. hair windingmeans revolubly and slidably mounted upon said mandrel and tachedto saidwinder, said tape container embodying means for supporting a roll oftape.
8. A device of the class described, comprising a mandre, a slotted hairwinder revolubly and slidably mounted upon said mandrel and meansattached to said winder .and adapted to support a roll of tape inproximity to the slot in said winder.
9. A halr winder for wrapping a lock of hair around a mandrel embodyingmeans for covering the hair so wrapped with a tape.
sleeve embodying 10. In combination, a mandrel, a revoluble Winder forwrapping hair around said mandrel and means for wrapp ng a tape aroundsaid hair.
tion having slotted segments, said segments having frictionalcontac'twith the mandrel and permitting said tudinally of said mandrel.
12. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, a winding device comprising 9.reduce end portion a tape container removably atdevice to slide longi acylindrical having slotted segments, said segments havingfrictionalcontact with the mandrel and permitting said device-to slide lonitudinally of said mandrel, and means acapted to engage said segments tolock said device upon said mandrel.
13. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, and a winding devicecomprising a cylindrical sleeve embodying anenlarged cup portion havinga finger and a helical slot and a reduced end portion comprising slottedsegments, said "segments having frictional contact with the mandrel andpermitting said device to slide longitudinally of said mandrel.
14. In hair curling apparatus, a tube adapted to contain a mandrelhaving a slidable movable means mounted thereon for positioning andsecuring the said tube within the central openings of heaters of variousSIZES.
15. In hair curling apparatus, a tube adapted to contain a mandrelhaving a slidably movable means disposed about the circumference thereoffor positioning and securing the said tube within the central openingsof heaters of various sizes.
16. In hair curling apparatus, a heater having a central opening, atube, a mandrel mounted within said tube, and a sl-idably movable meansdisposed" about the circumference of said tube for positioning and securng said tube within the central opening of said heater.
17. In hair curling apparatus, a heater having a central opening, atube, a mandrel v mounted Within said tube, and a slidably movable meansdisposed about the circumference of said tube for positioning andsecuring said tube within the central openlng of said heater, said tubecontaining a resilient clip for rigidly holding said mandrel. Intestimony whereof I hereby afiix my signature.
PETER SANTURELLO.
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2024-03-22
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1926-05-07
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1927-04-05"
}
|
US-68633646-A
|
Dial thermometer
y 1, 1952 A. D. Ross 2,601,784
DIA L THERMOMETER Filed July 26, 1946 w Ill) {lllllmfm 7 Patented July1, 1952 UNITED s'rA'rEs PATENr-oFFIcE Alexander B. Rose, Park Ridge,111., assignor to J as. P; Marsh Corporation, Chicago, 111., acorporation of Illinois Application July26, 1946, Serial No. 686,336
3 Claims. 1
Thepresent invention relates-to a thermometer and has special referenceto a dial thermometer in which magnetic means actuated by athermosensitive element or substance transmit the motion of saidthermo-sensitive element or substance resulting from temperature changesthrough an imperforate barrier to an indicator. More particularly thisinvention relates to a dial thermometer, which may comprise athermosensitive element such as a bimetallic coil or helix positioned atthe inner end of a plug or post and if desired, directly in contact withthe fluid Whose temperature is to be indicated. One end of thebimetallic helix is fixed with respect to the post. The other end issecured to the inner portion of a stem or other coupling meanspreferably rotatably mounted in the post and extending therethrough. Apermanent magnet mounted for rotation is connected to the outer end ofthe stem so that movement of the bimetallic element causes acorresponding rotation of the magnet. An imperiorate housing or socketof non-magnetic material fits over the magnet and is secured to theouter end of the post, thereby preventing any escape of fluid throughthe thermometer. An indicating means is mounted outside the housing andincludes an armature or other part of magnetic material for beingactuated by movement of the magnetw-ithin the housing. A dial or facemay be positioned on the outer side of the housing beneath theindicating means. Adjustment of the indicating means with respect to thedial may be readily accomplished merely by axially rotating the*thermo-sensitive' element and the magnet with respect to the post,socket and dial.
Instead of having the thermo-sensitive element in direct contact withthe fluid the temperature of which is to be indicated, a bulb or wellmember may be provided over the thermo-sensitive element and connectedto the post. With this arrangement, the well member may extend throughthe wall of the fluid container forming a tight seal therewith, and theremainder of the thermometer removed therefrom without permitting theescape of any fluid from the container. If desired, the bulb or wellmember may be filled with oil or other suitable liquid which,
being in direct connection with the bimetallic element, will transferheat between the wall of the bulb or well and the bimetallic elementmore rapidly.
, An object of the present invention is to provide a dial thermometer inwhich the actuated mechanism is separated from the indicating mechanismby an imperforate barrier and magnetic means are employed to transmitthe motion of the actuating mechanism to the indicating means throughthe barrier.
Another object of the invention is to provide .a dial thermometer of thetype indicated above in which the thermo-sensitive element may bedirectly in contact with the fluid, but the escape of any third throughthe thermometer is preented.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide such athermometer which mayhave a well member removably attached thereto, thewell member being adapted to be connected to a fiuid container so thatthe remainder of the thermometer may be, removed from the well member asdesired without any escape of the fluid from the container.
Still another object is to provide a sensitive dial thermometer ofsimple construction and wide application.
Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following,description and claims when considered with the accompanying drawings,in which Figure 1 is a front plan view of a dial thermometer embodyingthe present invention;
Fig. 2 is a central, vertical, cross-sectional view, partially inelevation, of one'type of thermometer embodying the present invention inwhich the thermo-sensitive element is to be in direct contact with thefluid, the temperature of which is to be indicated; and
Fig. 3 is a central vertical cross-sectional view, partially inelevation, of another type of thermometer embodying the presentinvention having a well member surrounding the thermo-sensitive element.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in Fig. 2 athermometer comprising a post or body member I having a reduced threadedinner end 2 for being threaded into a fluid container. The post I isprovided with a central longitudinal-bore or opening 3 having a reducedbearing-portion 4 adjacent the outer end. The-inner end of the post I isinternally threaded for receiving the externally threaded portion 5 of aplug or projecting member 6. A thermosensitive element, such as abimetallic helix 1, is connected at its inner end to the outer end ofthe projecting member; 6. Positioned about the helix is a perforated,cylindrical shell 8 connected to the outer-end of the projecting membereadja-cent the reduced bearing portion 9 thereof. The helix I and shell8 are of less diameter than the inner end 2 of the post I so they may beinserted into the fluid container through the opening therein providedfor the post I.
Extending through the post I, plug 6' and helix 1 is a stem Ill. Theinner end of the stem It is fixedly secured to the inner end of thebimetallic helix. Enlarged bearing portions H and [2 are provided on thestem 10 for fitting in the bearing portions 4 and .9 of the post andplug respectively.
Secured to the outer end of the post I by a fluid tight connection, suchas a threaded engagement, there is asocket or housing [3 formed ofnon-magnetic material. A permanent magnet I4 is positioned within thehousing [3 and is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the stem [0. Thismay be accomplished by passing the stem through the magnet and clampingthe magnet between a collar on the stem and a nut 16 threaded onto theend of the stem projecting through the magnet. The projecting end ofthe.
stem is centered by engaging the recess lfia therefor in the inner faceof the housing l3.
Instead of magnet [4 being directly connected to the outer end of thestem I8 other connecting means may be employed, it being only necessarythat movement of the stem be imparted to said magnet by some suitablemeans. If desired, the magnet may be mounted for rotation about an axisat an angle to the axis of rotation of the stem, there being suitableconnecting means provided for connecting the magnet to the stem.
Secured to the outer face of the housing I3 is a dial 1! suitably markedto indicate the range of temperature desired, as shown in Fig. 1. A handor indicator 18, formed at least in part of magnetic material, or havingan armature associated therewith, is rotatably mounted over the dial I!and is caused to rotate by rotation of the magnet as hereinabovedescribed. A casing I9 is positioned about the dial 1'', the hand l8 andthe magnet 14, preferably being secured to the rear side of the housing13 by means of screws 20. The front of the casing is enclosed by a coverglass 2| held in place by a securing ring 22.
A lock nut 23 is provided on the threaded portion of the projectingmember 6, which, when screwed tightly against the inner end of the post,will prevent rotation of the projecting member or plug 6 with respect tothe post I. In order to set the hand [8 with respect to the dial H, thelock nut 23 is loosened and then the plug or projecting member 8 may berotated with respect to the post.
The construction shown in Fig. 3 is, in many respects, similar to thatillustrated in Fig. 2. However, a post 25 as shown in Fig. 3 is providedwith an externally threaded ring '28 rotatably mounted on the post andheld in position by the shoulder 21 formed by the enlarged inner end 28of the post 25. The plug or projecting member 29 threads into the outerend of the post 25 and is locked in position by a set screw 29a. Aninternally and externally threaded nut 30 is employed to secure thehousing l3 to the post 25 by a fluid tight connection. Positioned overthe thermosensitive element 7 and the perforated shell 8, and secured tothe ring 26 is a bulb or well member 3 I. The well member 3| is providedwith an externally threaded portion 32 for being threaded into the fluidcontainer. The remainder of the thermometer of Fig. 3 is substantiallythe same as that shown in Fig. 2.
While I have shown and described two embodiments of the presentinvention, it is to be understood that various changes and modificationsmay be made therein without departing from the present invention, and,therefore, I wish to be limited only by the scope of the claims and theprior art.
I claim:
1. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provisionfor making a fluidtight connection with the container of the fluid whosetemperature is to be indicated, the outer end of said post having aconstricted opening forming a bearing portion, a tubular plug mounted inthe inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respectthereto, said tubular plug member having a constricted opening at theinner end thereof forming a bearing portion, a thermosensitive elementarranged adjacent said plug and having one end fixed with respectthereto and rotatable therewith, a magnet mounted for rotation adjacentthe outer end of said post, a stem mounted in said bearing portionsconnected at one end to said thermo-sensitive element and at the otherend to said magnet, a housing of nonmagnetic material for said magnet indetachable fluid-tight connection with said post, and an indicatoroutside said housing controlled in its movement by said magnet.
2. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provisionfor making a detachable fluid-tight connection with the container of thefluid whose temperature is to be indicated, a tubular plug mounted inthe inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respectthereto, a thermo-sensitive element arranged adjacent said plug andhaving one end fixed with respect thereto and rotatable therewith, amagnet mounted for rotation adjacent the outer end of said post,transmission means extending through said plug and said post operativelyconnected at one end to said thermo-sensitive element and at the otherend to said magnet to move said magnet in response to movement of saidthermo-sensitive element, a housing of non-magnetic material for saidmagnet in detachable fluid-tight connection with said post, and anindicator outside said housing controlled in its movement by saidmagnet.
3. A thermometer comprising an elongated tubular post having provisionfor making a detachable fluid-tight connection with the container of thefluid whose temperature is to be indicated, a tubular plug mounted inthe inner end of said post and rotatably adjustable with respectthereto, a thermo-sensitive element arranged adjacent said plug andhaving one end fixed with respect thereto, and rotatable therewith, amagnet mounted for rotation adjacent the outer end of said post, a stemextending through said plug and said post operatively connected at oneend to said thermo-sensitive element and at the other end to saidmagnet, a housing of non-magnetic material for said magnet in detachablefluid-tight connection with said post, and an indicator outside saidhousing controlled in its movement by said magnet.
ALEXANDER D. ROSE.
REFERENCES CITED The followingreferences are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 365,905 Brewster July 5, 1887 71,308,435 Maire July 1, 1919 1,857,805 Norwood Jan. 31, 1928 1,787,327Schlaich Dec. 30, 1930 1,847,006 Kalischer Feb. 23, 1932 1,892,379 BolinDec. 27, 1932 1,945,400 Hastings Jan. 30, 1934 2,158,751 Ford May 16,1939 2,248,030 Zwack July 1, 1941 2,268,006 Andresen Dec. 30, 19412,343,372 Ford et al Mar. 7, 1944 2,365,487 Murray Dec. 19, 19442,371,511 Faus Mar. 13, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 749,753France May 8, 1933
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2024-03-22
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1946-07-26
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-07-01"
}
|
US-50076165-A
|
Game and teaching method
lllngl mllmll INVENTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Y NOE June 25, 1968 L v. HOLLANDGAME AND TEACHING METHOD Filed Oct. 22. 1965 L. vmcmm HOLLAND ATTORNEYSJune 25, 1968 v. HOLLAND 3,389,480
GAME AND TEACHING METHOD 7 Filed Oct. 22, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet z FIG.6
FIG. 5
ATTORNEYS United States Patent GAME AND TEAfIl-HNG METHGD 1.. VirginiaHolland, 6112. Kingshnry, St. Louis, Mo. 63in Filed Get. 22, 1965, Ser.No. 500,761 Claims. (Cl. -35) ABSTRACT OF THE BESCLGSUEE A game andteaching method for teaching the parts of speech and their relationshipto each other using colored cards. In one form of the invention, thecards having the words of one part of speech are all colored the samecolor. In addition, the parts of speech which modify each other havecolor markings indicating the parts of speech which they modify. Anotherform of the invention utilizes a magnetic or felt board and magnetic orfelt means on the cards for attaching the same to the board. Stillanother s e n form ll'llllZBS cards having sentences thereon withmarkers,
each colored according to its part of speech, for positioning on theWords of the sentences to designate the part of speech which that wordis. Expansible clause and phrase isolating means having slots to makethe words of the clauses and phrases of a sentence beneath these meansvisible, and colored to correspond to the type of clause or phrase, andto the parts of speech which the clause modifies, also are used. Stillanother form utilizes cards with color markings to show both kind andfunction of such complex language structures known technically as theparticiple and the gerund.
The present invention relates to the use of color in teaching the partsof speech and specifically relates to various games and teaching methodsutilizing this principle.
My invention further relates to the use of color and color relationshipsin such a method as to teach (in English and/or foreign languages) thedue arrangement of word forms to show their mutual relations in thesentence.
One of the problems facing teachers is the inability of many studentseven on the secondary and college level to obtain enough of anunderstanding of the grammatical relationships inherent in the structureof a sentence to enable them to construct and to punctuate evenrelatively simple sentence structures.
Another development in the present school curriculum is the teaching offoreign languages at earlier ages than previously. Teaching foreignlanguages also involves the classifying of words on the basis of theirfunction and use in forming sentences.
Accordingly, one of the principal objects of the present invention is toprovide a visual method of classifying words and of identifying theclassifications of the different parts of speech by using different butrelated colors.
Another object of the present invention is to provide tools, games andmethods of playing the games wherein color is used to identify par-ts ofspeech (or word classifications), and the games teach the players notonly this identification, but also the function and uses of words informing sentences of their own creation.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent hereinafter.
In the drawings where like numbers refer to like parts wherever theyoccur, FIG. 1 is a prospective view of a game board having stacks ofcards of the various parts of speech thereon;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of both sides of the cards with the first fourcards formed into a sentence;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the cards mounted in a holderblock;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view showing another embodiment of theinvention wherein words in a given sentence are capped with the properidentifying color markers;
FIG. 5 is plan view of markers used with the card of FIG. 4-;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of still a further embodiment of the invention;
PEG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a member used in the present invention showingit extended in broken lines;
PIG. 8a is an end view of the member of FIG. 8;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of another member similar to that shown in FIG. 8;and
FIG. 10 is a front and back view of still other members used in thepresent invention.
The present invention comprises methods of showing the use and parts ofspeech of words in a sentence and further comprises the methods andgames hereinafter described and claimed.
For purposes of illustration, the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 1-3 as embodied in a game utilizing cards from the differentstacks of cards mounted on a game board it with each player beingprovided with a holder or rack 12 on which the cards 10 are placed informing sentences. The cards 10 also may be placed on the table orsurface on which the game board 11 is set. The stacks of cards 10 areseparated according to the parts of speech; that is, adjectives, nouns,verbs, etc. There are eight parts of speech and accordingly there shouldbe at least eight stacks of cards ltl on the game board 11. Obviously,certain parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.,are used much more in forming sentences than are others such asinterjections, conjunctions, etc.; accordingly, there will be severalstacks of the more often used words.
Each card it) in each of the stacks has the name of the part of speech13 on the back side (the top side as the cards 10 are stacked on theboard 11) and has a word 14 (FIG. 2) written on the front side. The backside of each card it) is colored a particular color to designate thepart of speech which it is. For example, the pronouns are white, thenouns are colored black, adjectives (which modify nouns) are grey, verbsare red, adverbs (which modify verbs) are pink, prepositions are green,co-orclimate conjunctions are yellow and interjections are blue. Thefront sides of the cards are the same basic color as the back sides, butin addition the grey adjective card has a narrow black border around itsfront side to indicate its use as a modifier of nouns, which are onblack cards, and the pink adverb cards have a pink background 15 withred edging 16 to indicate they modify verbs, which are on red cards;they also have a grey band 17 spaced inwardly from the edging 16 toindicate they modify adjectives, which are on grey cards.
In setting up the board ll, the cards Ill are placed with the word sidedown in stacks that match the cards as imprinted on the game board.After each player has taken his turn drawing a black card (noun) and ared card (verb), he may then in his turn draw a card from any one of thedifferent stacks of the cards choosing parts of speech which he thinkswill help him build a sentence that makes sense and that satisfies therequirements of the game round being played before his opponent canbuild an acceptable sentence.
There are many variations in playing the basic game, and one popularform is to set a point count on the different parts of speech and set anumber of a certain part of speech which is to be used in a sentence,cg, three adjectives. Thus, when the player has accumulated a sentencein which he uses three adjectives the first round is over, and thewinning player totals his point count. A number of rounds, such as fouror six, constitutes a game and the ultimate high point total wins. Thisgame can be used in foreign languages, as well as English.
Variations on the basic idea and of value as teaching aids are shown inFIGS. 4-10. In the form shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 a plurality of members orcards having a series of sentences 21 printed thereon are used. Thecards 20 are distributed to the students or players and the teacherretains a master card. A series of small markers 22, printed differentcolors and having the names of the parts of speech printed thereon, aredistributed to the students. The student takes the markers 22 and placesthem adjacent to or over the words in the sentences 21 as indicated inthe broken squares 22 in FIG. 4. The teacher can check the correctnessby referring to her master chart, or the pupils can check their ownpapers.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show another modification of the invention utilizing amagnetic board 23 with colored word cards 24 having magnets on the back.The cards are used to form all kinds of sentences on the board 23. Thiscould be a flannel board or other device to which things can be stuck,or it could be the surface used by an overhead projector which projectsthe material on a screen for a class to see easily.
Clauses or phases can be designated by using an extensible rectangularmember 26 (FIGS. 69) having a cut-out longitudinal slot 27 therein.Magnets 28 are placed on the back side of the members 26 to be used witha magnetic board 23. No magnets are necessary if the member 26 is justused on a card. These members may be stretched over the individualcolored cards and embrace entire phases and clauses, in order to effecta kind of diagramming by the method of color cards.
The member 26 used for a dependent adjective clause is shown in FIG. 6and has a grey band 29 around the slot 27 and a black rim 29a toindicate it modifies nouns.
The dependent adverbial clause member 26a shown in FIG. 8 is pink with ared rim 30 and a grey band 31 is spaced from the slot 27a. This clausemodifies verbs, adverbs and adjectives.
FIG. 9 shows a prepositional adjective phrase member 26b. The member 26bhas a grey surface with a black rim 32 around the edge, and a greenblock 33 indicates it is prepositional in nature.
The members 26, 26a and 2612 are extensible as indicated by the brokenlines in FIG. 8. FIG. 8a shows the telescoping two piece slideconstruction of the members 26, 26a and 26b. These members are made ofparts and 41, with part 41 being slidable in part 40.
Not shown but encompassed in the present invention are noun clauses(which are black), prepositional adverbial phrases (which are pink withgrey and red bands and a green block), participial phrases (which aregrey with a black rim and having a red and grey block), and FIG. 10shows cards for a gerund and a participle. The gerund card 34 is halfred and half black to indicate a gerund is a verbal noun. A gerund isprinted on the front side of the card 34.
The participle card 35 is half red and half grey to indicate it is averbal adjective. On the front side is printed a participle, e.g.,smiling, and a border 36 of black also surrounds the front face toindicate it modifies a noun.
Thus it is apparent that the present invention describes a teachingconcept and games embodying the same which achieve all the objects andadvantages sought therefor.
This invention is intended to cover all changes, and modifications ofthe examples of the invention herein chosen for purposes of thedisclosure, which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scopeof the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of teaching the parts of speech, including the steps offorming pieces having words of the various parts of speech thereon,coloring all of the pieces of the same part of speech the same color,and adding to the basic color of a piece the color of the part of speechwhich it modifies.
2. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on thegame board, the cards being of different colors and having a solid coloron the back face, each card having the name of a part of speech printedon the back face, all of the cards of the same part of speech being thesame color, each stack being composed of cards of the same part ofspeech, and individual words printed on the front of each of the cards,the individual words being of the part of speech imprinted on the backof the card, and secondary color indicia on the cards which designatemodifying parts of speech, said secondary color indicia indicating thepart of speech modified.
3. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on thegame board, the cards being of different colors and having a solid coloron the back face, each card having the name of a part of speech printedon the back face, all of the cards of the same part of speech being thesame color, each stack being composed of cards of the same part ofspeech, the front of each card being of the same basic color as the backside, and individual words printed on the front of each of the cards,the individual words being of the part of speech imprinted on the backof the card, the front face of the adjective and adverb cards havingbands of the color of the cards of the parts of speech which theymodify.
4. A teaching device comprising members having sentences writtenthereon, colored pieces for placing adjacent to the words in thesentence to indicate the part of speech which the word is in thesentence, the pieces being of different colors according to the part ofspeech which they indicate, and a master member for the teacher havingthe same sentences and permanently attached color markers adjacent tothe words to indicate the part of speech which the Words are, thecolored pieces which represent modifying parts of speech havingsecondary color indicia thereon designating the part of speech modified.
5. A teaching device comprising members having sentences writtenthereon, colored pieces for placing adjacent to the words in thesentence to indicate the part of speech which the word is in thesentence, the pieces being of different colors according to the part ofspeech which they indicate, and elongated members having cut-out centerslots to enclose part of a sentence on the member, the elongated membersbeing adapted to cover clauses and phrases and having a basic colorcorresponding to the part of speech which the phrase is and having bandsof color to indicate the part of speech which it modifies, and means forextending the members so as to elongate the slot to encompass clausesand phrases of different lengths.
6. A teaching device comprising a magnetic board, means for positioningsentences on the board, differently colored markers, and magnetic meansfor positioning the markers on the board adjacent to the words of thesentences, the markers being colored according to the part of speechwhich they represent and secondary color indicia on the modifying partsof speech to indicate the part of speech modified.
7. A game comprising a game board, stacks of cards positioned on thegame board, the cards being of different colors and being groupedaccording to color, individual words printed on a face of each of thecards, the in dividual Words on the cards in each stack all being of thesame part of speech so that each color indicates a separate part ofspeech, and secondary color indicia on those cards designating parts ofspeech which modify other parts of speech, said secondary color indiciabeing of the same color as the part of speech which is modified.
8. A teaching device comprising a felt board, felt means for positioningsentences on the board, differently colored markers, and felt means forpositioning the markers on the board adjacent to the words of thesentences, the markers being colored according to the part of speechwhich they represent, the markers representing modifying parts or"speech having secondary color indicia designating the part of speechmodified.
9. A teaching device comprising members having Words written thereon,all of the words of one part of speech being the same color, said wordsbeing adapted to form sentences, clauses, and phrases, elongated membershaving cutout center slots to enclose a group of words, the elongatedmembers being adapted to cover clauses and phrases and having a basiccolor corresponding to the part of speech which the clause or phrasefunctions as and having bands of color to indicate the part of speechwhich it modifies, and means for extending the members so as to elongatethe slot to encompass clauses and phrases of difierent lengths.
10. A method of teaching the kind of complex language structures such asgerunds, participles, clauses and phrases, as well as teaching functionand use comprising (1) forming pieces having words functioning as thephrase,
(3) and coloring the pieces a second color over a portion thereofindicating a second function of the gerund, the participle, the clauseor phrase.
References Cited STATES PATENTS Schoolfield et al. 35-35.8
Northrop 35-35 Pierce 35-358 Elliott et al. 35-35.9
Torre 35-7 FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED Great Britain.
EUGENE R. CAPOZIO, Primary Ex miner.
W. GRIEB, Examiner.
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2024-03-22
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1965-10-22
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1968-06-25"
}
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US-1914826137-A
|
Apparatus for melting and spraying fusible substances.
F. HERKENRATH.
APPARATUS FOR MELTiNG AND SPRAYING FUSIBLE SUBSTANCES.
APPLICATiON FILED MAR. 21,1914.
1,151,586, Patented Aug. 31, 1915.
- UNITED STATES PATENT ornrcn.
FRANZ HEBKENRATH, 0F ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN'MENTS, TO METALS COATING COMPANY OF AMERICA, 015 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS,
A CORPOBAATIQN OF MASSACHUSETTS.
' APPARATUS FOR MELTING AND SPRAYING- FUSIBLE SUBSTANCES.
To all whom) it may concern Be it known that I, FRANZ HERKENRATH, acitizen of the German Empire, residing at Zurich VI, in Switzerland,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forMelting and Spraying Fusible Substances, of which the following is aspecification.
The object of this invention is to provide improved means for meltingand spraying fusible substances, such as metals, for the purpose ofcoating surfaces therewith.
To this end I use a stream of heated gas, in the path of which Iplacethe fusible substance, the temperature vof the gas being suflicientlyhigh to melt the substance. The function of the gas is thus in partanalogous to that of the blow pipe flame used in some forms of theso-called-Schoop process, but
the gas also has a propulsive effect-on the molten substance, and thuseffects the spraying, or assists in that operation. In general I find itmore economical to use, in addition to a stream of heated air or othergas, whereby the substance is melted, a blast "device acting inconjunction with the said stream of gas- I Four ' for carrying thisimproved method into effect are shown in the accompanying drawing, inFigures 1, 2,- 3 and 4: respectively,
parts of the apparatus in all the views being shown in sectlon. 1
Referring in the first instance to Fig. 1, a designates a coiled tube ofelectrically conductive but resistant material, and b. afeed 7 pipethrough which a stream of gas is'supphed to the table: a, so that'thegas issues from the tube-rat 0. Around the discharge end a of the tubeo,and concentric thre-' with, is an annular blast nozzle d, to which I astream of gas is fed throu ha pipe 6.
Electric currentis fed throug the tube a by means of wires w and heatsthe said tube sufficiently to raise the gas therein to thetemperaturerequired for melting a rod or wire f of the fusible substance held infront of the nozzle and fed forward through a guide 9 at the raterequired.
In the modification shown in Fig. 2' a tube a of refractive materialincloses an electric resistance 6 through which current is fed by meansof wires ota 2 A stream of Specification of Letters Patent.
embodiments of apparatus suitable Patented Aug. 31, 1915.
Application filed March 21, 1914. Serial No. 826,137.
gas is fed into the tube a by means of a plpe b and passes out through ashort pipe 6 the discharge end of which is surrounded by an annularblast nozzle al The stream of gas flowing through the tube a is heated lby the resistance 6 to the temperature requlred for meltin the fusiblesubstance.
In the modification shown in Fig. 3 a tube a of refractive material suchas carbon,
graphite, carborundum or the like is partly inclosed by a metal tube 6into which a stream of gas is fed through a pipe I). The tube a whichprojects at 0 from the tube 6 is electrically insulated from the latterby collars m, n, and by a holder is which embraces the inner end of thetubeo. and is movable in the tube so that the tube a can freely expand.The holder is has ducts d terminating, inside the holder at orifices inthe wall of the tube a so that the stream of gas fed through the pipe I)into the interior 1' of the tube 6 passes through the ducts d into thetubea and is discharged from the latter outside the tube 6 The outer enda of the tube a is surrounded by an annular blast nozzle dElectric'current is fed through the tube 0. by means of wires to andconnections w so that the tube becomes hot and heats the gas passingtherethrough to the required temperature. A
temperature of 2000 C. can easily be ata of fire-clay or otherrefractive material is filled with-a granular heat conducting mass b,for example with particles of carbon, the interstices of which areadequate to give passage to a stream of gas fed into the tube through apipe b and discharged through a nozzle a arranged in proximity to aguide 9?, through which a wire f of the substance to be melted andsprayed is fed. The'tube a and the granular carbon therein are heated bya burner 16. Combustible or-non-combustible gas may be used, andacquires reducing properties by contact with the car bon in the tube aWiththe appliances shown in Figs, 1, 2 and 3, I preferablyuse' gases ofa chemically neutral or reducingvquality in order to prevent oxidationof the electric conductors and of the substance melted.
What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States is l 1. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast formelting and spraying fusible substances which comprises a gas-conduithaving a discharge orifice, means to heat said con-' duit abovethemelting point of said fusible substance, a gas-holding member partlysurrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit beingoutside said gas-holding member, and means for supplying gas 7 underpressure to said conduit and said gasholding member.
2. An apparatus for producing a hot gas-- ing a discharge orifice, an.electric heating device to heat said conduit above the melting point ofsaid fusible substance, a gas-holding member partly surrounding saidconduit, the discharge orifice of said conduit being outside saidgas-holding member, and
means for supplying gas under pressure to said conduit and saidgas-holding member.
4. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast for melting. and sprayingfusible substances which comprises a gas-conduit having a dischargeorifice, an electric heating device to Heat said conduit above themelting point of said fusible substance, a tube closed at both endspartly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of said conduitbeing outside said tube, and means for supplying gas under pressure tosaid conduit and tube.
5. An apparatus for producing a hot gasblast for melting and sprayingfusible substances Which comprises a gas-conduit of electricallyconductive material having a discharge orifice, means for feeding anelectric current to and from said conduit to heat same, a tube closed atboth ends partly surrounding said conduit, the discharge orifice of saidconduit being outside said tube,
and means for supplying gas under pressure to said conduit and tube.
In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo witnesses.
FRANZ HERKENRATH.
Witnesses 7 PAUL 'ZOLLER, CARL SUBEG.
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2024-03-22
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1914-03-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1915-08-31"
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|
US-16108637-A
|
Electromagnetic transmission
June 25, 1940. y J. ELwx-:LL
ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSMISSION Filed Aug. 26, 1957 OL H M m Nm El myPatented June 25, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTROMAGNETICTRANSlWISSION Application August 26, 1937, Serial No. 161,086 In FranceSeptember 7, 1936 11 Claims.
The present invention relates to a revolving mechanism comprisingconsumers of electric current, more particularly to lubricated gearshaving rotating electromagnets, whereby the current is transmitted tosaid consumers or electromagnets by means of a slip ring and a brushsliding thereon.
When using customary carbon brushes having a rotund or rectangular crosssectional congurav tion, the lubricating oil which cannot be preventedfrom. reaching the slip ring forms a thin film between the ring and thebrush and increases the electric transition resistance considerably.This resistance should be as low as posll sible because, for example inthe case of electric motors, the voltage of the exciting current isrelatively low. For example in the case of the starter motor in a motorcar, the current is supplied by a battery and naturally not much tenlsion is available to overcome high resistances. If the slip ring isprotected against oil and held dry, then the brushes are worn out in ashort time because, in order to reduce transition resistance, they mustbe forced to the ring with high presg sure,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a brush which restson the slip ring carrying an oil film. with a ring shaped surface. Withsuch a configuration of the contact surface of 30 the brush, theelectric transition resistance is very low and the life of the brush islong. This may be explained by the fact that the comparatively narrowannular surface presses the oil on a very short path outwardly orinwardly and 35 away from the contact surface of brush and ring withoutnecessitating extraordinary great pressure which would increase the wearon the brush.
In order to insure and control lubrication of the slip ring, the brush,according to the present invention, preferably is of tubularconfiguration and the lubricating oil is supplied to the interior of thebrush. This supply may be carried out through openings in a socket inwhich the brush is slidably located. Any other lubrication of the 45slip ring, for example by spray oil, should be prevented.
With the apparatus according to the present invention, lubrication ismaintained uniform and is easily controlled, the transition resistanceof 50 the electric current is held at a low figure, and the wear of thebrushes is small and their life is long.
Further and other objects of the present invention will be hereinafterset forth in the ac- 55 companying specification and claims and shown inthe drawing which, by way of illustration, shows what I now consider tobe a preferred em.- bodiment of my invention.
In the drawing-- Figure 1 is an axial part cross sectional view of 5 anapparatus according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows part of what is shown in Figure l in large scale, thebrush being shown in section. 10
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of a brush according to thepresent invention.
The apparatus shown is particularly suitable for use in motive powerequipment.
Like parts are designated by like numerals in all gures of the drawing.
I designates the casing into which shaft 2 extends. To shaft 2 a disc 2|is keyed which is provided with an annular rim 4 which carries a magnetwinding l0. Rim 4 serves as electromag- 20 netic coupling ring which, ifexcited, pulls the axially movable armature ring' 3 towards itself andthen rotates it, whereby the rotating power is transmitted by friction.The armature ring 3 may also be attracted by means of an annular 26electromagnet 5 having windings 8 and being rigidly connected with thecasing l.
Armature ring 3 is connected to or forms part of a disc the hub of whichcarries a spur gear, which constitutes the center wheel of a planetary30 gear. The outer wheel 'l of said planetary gear is formed by a spurgear which is carried by a member which is carried bythe shaft 2. Saidlast-mentioned member is connected by means of other electromagneticallycontrolled planetary gears with the drive shaft; these gears are notshown as they do not form part of the present invention. The planetarygear wheels 6 are connected with a support which is also keyed to shaft2 and which has a hub on which the afore- 40 mentioned center wheel,which forms one part with the armature 3, is revolvable and slideable inaxial direction. If the windings 8 are excited while windings l0 arewithout current, the center wheel is held stationary. The carrier of theplanetary gear wheels 6, which carrier is keyed to the shaft 2, drivesthen the exterior wheel l. If, however, the windings I0 are excited andwindings 8 are without current, the carrier 'l and the center Wheelrotate at the same speed so that planetary wheels 6 do not rotate. Theexterior gear connected with carrier 'I is then rotated at the samespeed as shaft 2. Current is transmitted to the windings 8 by means ofstationary sockets 9 whereas the supply of current to the 85 rotatingelectromagnets takes place through slip ring and brush.
For this purpose one end of the windings lil is conductively connectedwith ring 4 whereas the other end is connected with the slip ring Il bymeans of an insulated conductor I0. Slip ring II is connected to the hubof the disc-shaped electromagnet having the rim il, and isolatedtherefrom and has a cone-shaped configuration so that oil reaching theslip ring is removed to the left, as seen on Figure l., by means ofcentrifugal forces. Brush I2 rests on the exterior surface of slip ringII.
As is obvious from Figures 2 and 3, brush I2 consists of a tubular bodyof conventional material, for example a mixture oi copper and coal; thebore It of said body widens out towards the lower end of the brushwhereby an annular surface It is formed which contacts slip ring Il.
The tubular body I2 is axially movable in the lower end of the socket I3which may be made of metal and the upper end of which is provided withan interior thread for accommodating the adjusting screw I8.
In between screw IS and the tubular body I2 a coil spring I'I issituated, the tension of which can be adjusted by means of the adjustingscrew I8 and which presses the brush I2 to the slip ring II. Screw I8has a rod-like extension which extends into spring Il for holding thewindings of the latter in place.
The socket I 3 carries at its upper and its lower end bushings lli andIfl respectively made of insulating material. Bushing I is inserted intoan opening of casing I whereas bushing Il sits in a bore of aring-shaped flange IS which forms one piece together with the casing land which serves for covering the slip ring II and protecting it againstoil spray. On disc 2l a ring-shaped flange 20 is provided which pointsoutwardly and is provided with an edge 2t which facilitates throwingaway of oil by centrifugal forces. Edge 2li is arranged as closely aspossible to flange I9 in order to prevent passage of oil towards theslip ring II. v
Above the insulating bushing IQ, socket I3 is provided with radial boresI5.
The operation of the device is as follows: The revolving rim ll and thedisc 3 continuously throw oil towards the casing, which oil runs downthe interior walls of the casing I as indicated by arrows in Figure 2.The oil also wets the exterior of socket I3 and banks up on the upperface of the insulating bushing III. From there the oil enters theinterior of socket I3 through the openings I5 and runs down withinsocket I3 and into the longitudinal bore Iii of the brush I2. In thismanner, the oil reaches the slip ring II within the annular face of thebrush. The small amounts of oil which pass outwardly in between the edgeof the brush and the contact surface of the slip ring flow to the left,as seen on Figure 2, due to centrifugal forces and are thrown ofi theedge 2li so that the slip ring is uniformly covered by a thin lm of oil.
Due to the funnel shaped coniiguration of the outer end of the bore I6,the part actually contacting the slip ring Il is comparatively small.Experience has shown that thereby a low transition resistance isobtained and wear is reduced. This form of the brush also prevents theundesired revolving of the brush in the socket I3.
The exciting current is transmitted to the screw I8 wherefrom it flowsthrough spring Il, holder or socket I3, brush I2, slip ring II andconduit I0 into the windings I0; therefrom the current flows backthrough the steel mass of the magnet. The extent of the lubricationdepends on and is controlled by size and number of the holes I5.
The oil flowing outwardly from the interior of the brush washes the coaldust mud away and also serves for conducting away the heat caused bythefriction of the brushes on the slip ring.
For the supply of oil to the tubular brush holder I3, an oil conduit 23may be connected to the holes I5. One or more radial clearances 22 maybe provided adjacent to the annular contact surface of the brush forbetter washing action of the oil, as are shown in Figure 3.
While I believe the above-described embodi-a ments of my invention to bepreferred embodiments, I wish it to be understood that I do not desireto be limited to the exact details of process, design, and constructionshown and described, for obvious modiiications will occur to a personskilled in the art.
I claim:
l. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricityconducting brush, said brush having a projecting, comparatively narrowannular surface which amounts to only a small fraction of the brushcross section and which slidingly contacts said slip ring.
2. A lubricated revolving mechanism having in combination a rotatingslip ring and an electricity conducting brush, said slip ring having anouter surface which is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation ofsaid ring whereby the throwing ofi by centrifugal forces of lubricantreaching said ring is facilitated, said brush having a protruding andnarrow annular surface which amounts to only a small fraction of thebrush cross section and which slidingly contacts said inclined outersurface of said slip ring and means associated with said brush forlubricating said annular surface.
3. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricityconducting brush, said brush having a cavity which widens out at one endwhereby a comparatively narrow annular surface is formed which slidinglycontacts said slip ring.
1i. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, anelectricity contacting brush, said brush being of substantially tubularconfiguration and having at one end an annular surface which slidinglycontacts said slip ring, a tubular 1ubricant conduit, said brush beinginserted into said conduit and slidingly movable therein, said conduitconducting lubricant into the interior of said brush, wherefrom thelubricant iiows through said annular surface onto said slip ring.
5. A. revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricityconducting brush, said brush having a substantially tubularconfiguration, the interior of said brush being flared outwardly towardsone end of the brush whereby a narrow annular surface is formed whichslidingly contacts said slip ring.
5. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, anelectricity conducting hollow brush, a hollow socket slidingly holdingsaid brush in its interior and having openings through which lubricantenters the interior of said socket and therefrom the interior of saidbrush.
7. A lubricated revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring, anelectricity contacting brush,
said brush beingv of substantially tubular conguration and having at oneend an annular surface which slidingly contacts said slip ring, alubricant conduit connected with said brush adapted to conduct lubricantinto the interior of said brush, wherefrom the lubricant fiows throughsaid annular surface onto said slip ring, stationary shielding meansadjacent to said brush and revolving shielding means adjacent to saidslip ring and to said stationary shielding means, whereby the lubricantis prevented from reaching said slip ring except through said brush.
8. A revolving mechanism having a rotating slip ring and an electricityconducting brush, said brush having an annular surface which slidinglycontacts said slip ring, said annular surface being broken, wherebylubrication and ventilation, i. e., cooling of said brush is improved.
9. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a revolving electromagnethaving windings, a rotating slip ring being electrically connected withsaid windings, an electricity conducting brush having a bore opening outinto a cavity at one end whereby a protruding narrow annular surface isformed which slidingly contacts said slip ring.
l0. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a casing which housessaid mechanism, a revolving electromagnet within said casing and havingwindings, a rotating slip ring within said casing and being electricallyconnected with said windings, an electricity conducting brush withinsaid casing which brush is of substantially tubular configuration andhas at one end an annular surface, which slidingly contacts said slipring, a rsubstantially tubular lubricant conduit connected with saidcasing and slidingly surrounding and holding said brush and beingadapted to conduct lubricant from said casing into the interior of saidbrush, wherefrom the lubricant flows through said annular surface ontosaid slip rlng.
11. A lubricated revolving mechanism comprising a casing which housessaid mechanism, a revolving electromagnet within said casing and havingwindings, a rotating slip ring within said casing and being electricallyconnected with said windings, an electricity conducting brush withinsaid casing which brush is of substantially tubular configuration andhas at one end an annular surface, which slidingly contacts said slipring, a lubricant conduit connected fWith said brush adapted to conductlubricant ,from said casing into the interior of said brush, Wherefromthe lubricant flows through said annular surface onto said slip ring,stationary shielding means adjacent to said brush and revolvingshielding means connected with said electromagnets and being situatedadjacent to said slip ring and to said stationary shielding means,whereby the lubricant is prevented from reaching said slip ring exceptthrough said brush.
JACQUES ELWELL.
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2024-03-22
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1937-08-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1940-06-25"
}
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US-37925053-A
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Pneumatic shock absorber with rebound control
Oct. 15, 1957 H. J. SMITH 2,309,722
' PNEUMATIC snocx ABSORBER WITH REBOUND CONTROL Filed Sept. 9, 1953 2Shegts-Sheet 1 fig t Inven for Henr Smith .Atiarney Oct. 15, 1957 H. J.SMITH 2,809,722
PNEUMATIC SHOCK ABSORBER WITH- REBOUND CONTROL Filed Sept. 9, 1953 2Sheets-Sheet 2 45 44 I im i2 2 57 Ja 5 52 57 g I; f: \g 52 5 .4 I I& :E;mum;
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1 22 20 I 5 ygii I mam wan- I I 2 1,? its? +3? 4 1 M. I n-4 W 65 "W u m"hm lih iw M W -"liifl' 'hm lnvenior' HepryJSm-iih Attorney UnitedStates Patent We F JI PNEUMATIC SHOCK ABSORBER WITH REBOUND CGNTROLHenry J. Smith, Calumet City, 111., assignor t0 Pullman- Standard CarManufacturing Company, Chicago, 113., a corporation of DelawareApplication September 9, 1953, Serial No. 379,250
11 Claims. (Cl. 18897) The present invention relates to a shock absorberfor the drop head of a railway track maintenance machine or the like,and more particularly to a pneumatic shock absorber especially adaptedto cushion rebound movements as well as shock load movements resultingfrom continuous and rapid operation of such a drop head.
In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the piston of an aircylinder is arranged to have its rod engaged by the drop head of such amachine as the head falls from its raised position, so that the pistonmovement under the shock load is cushioned by compressed air at one endof the cylinder. The opposite ends of the cylinder are in communicationthrough a control valve normally biased to closed position and operableto open position for admitting air under pressure from the one cylinderend to the other by an actuating valve which charges a reservoir withcompressed air from the one end during the con1- pressive movement ofthe piston and discharges the reservoir air, as the pressure at the oneend of the cylinder falls upon the start of rebound of the piston, toeffect opening of the control valve with consequent admission ofcompressed air to the other end of the cylinder immediately upon thebeginning of rebound movement. The piston rebound is thus slowed andcushioned both by decrease in the rebound-causing pressure at the onecylinder end as a portion of the air is passed to the other side of thepiston and by the pressure at the other cylinder end provided by the airso passed.
The invention provides for a very rapid action in effecting thecushioning of the piston rebound, as is necessary because the drop headis operable at a rate of many times a minute, and thus provides apracticable shock absorber meeting the requirements for such service.The
shock absorber is self-operating, positive and automatic in action,cushions the rebound in response to the start of rebound movement, andassures that the rebound cushioning will be effected in properly timedrelation to the movements of the piston, that is, after the movementcaused by shoes load has ceased and before termination of the rebound orreturn movement. Possibility of damage to either the shock absorber ordrop head or like device with which the shock absorber is employed dueto improper timing or operation of the shock absorber is practicallyclirm'nated. At the same time, of course, the shock absorber minimizesthe stresses and other damaging eifects on the drop head resulting fromthe repeated rapid rise and fall thereof in operation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluid type shockabsorber utilizing fluid placed under pressure in absorption of a shockload to cushion rebound movement.
Another object is the provision of a fluid type shock absorber whichutilizes fluid compressed in cushioning of a shock load to cushionrebound movement also by means responsive to reduction of the fluidpressure upon initiation of the rebound movement.
Another object is the provision of a rapidly-acting pneumatic shockabsorber for cushioning both compres- Patented Oct. 15, 1957 sive andrebound movements of its parts under continu ously and rapidly repeatedshock loads.
A further object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in whichrebound movement after absorption of a shock load is cushioned by aircompressed to cushion the movement due to the shock load.
Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in whichair compressed under shock load to cushion the shock is utilized also tocushion the rebound in response to the start of rebound movement.
Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in whichair compressed under shock load to cushion the shock is employed tocushion the rebound by flow through quick-acting valve means operated bythe compressed air upon start of the rebound.
Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in whichrelative movement of a piston in a cylinder under shock load compressesair at one end of the cylinder to cushion such movement and reboundmovement of the piston is slowed and cushioned by transfer of a portionof the compressed air to the opposite end of the cylinder in immediateresponse to the beginning of rebound movement.
It is another object of the invention to provide a pneumatic shockabsorber employing air compressed at one end of a cylinder by relativemovement of a piston therein under a shock load to cushion returnmovement of the piston by conveying a portion of the compressed air tothe other end of the cylinder upon the beginning of the return movementand in response to the reduction in pressure occasioned by start of thereturn movement.
A further object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber in whichair placed under pressure at one end of a cylinder by relative movementof a piston therein under shock load is transferred to the other end ofthe cylinder to cushion rebound movement of the piston by means operatedby the compressed air.
Another object is the provision of a pneumatic shock absorber structurefor a drop head in which the shockcushioning air compressed at one endof a cylinder by a piston under impact of the drop head is employed alsoto cushion rebound of the piston by injection into the other end of thecylinder upon start of rebound movement and is further utilized tooperate the injection means automatically in response to decrease in itspressure occasioned by the start of the rebound movement.
Other and further objects, advantages, and features of the inventionwill be apparent to those skilled in the art from the followingdescription, together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. l is an elevational view of one embodiment of a shock absorberstructure of this invention, with parts broken away for clearness;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view, partly in section and with parts brokenaway, showing the valve for controlling communication between theopposite cylinder ends and the valve for actuating the control valve,the control valve and one half of the actuating valve being shown intheir positions during shock-absorbing movement of the piston, and theother half of the actuating valve being shown in neutral or closedposition; and
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the valves in theirpositions upon the start of rebound movement of the piston.
Referring first to Fig. l of the drawings, there is shown a cylinder 10disposed in substantially vertical position having a piston 11 thereinwith a piston rod 12 projecting through a guide portion 13 at the upperend of the cylinder in position to be engaged by a portion of a fallingdrop head D. The cylinder is preferably pivotally mountshown.
vided with a port 14, and has 'a similar port adjacent its upper end. Acompressor or the like (not shown) is connected to the port 14 through asuitable conduit 16 having a check valve17 therein to supplyair under asubstantially constant pressure to the lower end of the cylinder forresisting downward movement of the piston 11 under impact of the drophead. A pipe-18 or the like in communication with the port 14extends toa control valve 20 and is connected to an inlet opening 21 thereof.
As best shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the control valve 20 has a cylindricalouter casing 227 closed at its ends by a top plate 23 and a bottom plate24. Upper and lower annular passages 25 and 26 are provided in the valveas by depressions or grooves formed in the inner face of the casing 22and spanned by a cooperating cylindrical sleeve 27 so that portions ofthe outer sleeve surface, with the grooves in the casing, define thepassages. A plurality of apertures 28, which may be staggered in tworows as shown, extend from the lower portion of the upper passage 25 tothe interior of the sleeve 27, and a plurality of apertures 29 similarlyextend through the sleeve from the upper portion of. the lower passage26. Slidably fitting in the upper portion of the sleeve is a valvepiston 30 having upper and lower bearing portions 31 engaging the innerface of the sleeve. An annular groove 32 is formed in the outerperipheral face of the piston between the portions 31, of a widthsuificient to extend from above the apertures 28 to below the apertures29 when the piston 39 is disposed in a lowered po sition in the sleeve27. The piston is normally held in an upper position against the topcasing plate 23 by a spring 33, in this case a helical spring hearing atone end'on the bottom casing plate 24 and at the other end againstthe'end face of .arecess in the bottom of the piston. In this position,the lower bearing portion 31 of the valve piston lies between the upperand lower apertures 28 and 29 so as to block communication therebetween.Within the lower portion of the sleeve 27 is an annular stop member 34secured on the bottom plate 24 to limit downward movement of the piston,which may also conveniently provide a seating recess for the lower endof spring 33, as shown. Suitable gaskets or seals are provided betweenthe various parts to prevent air leakage. The inlet opening 21 islocated in the upper portion of the casing 22 to communicate directlywith the upper passage 25, and a similar outlet opening 35 in the lowerportion of the casing extends from the lower passage 26 to the exteriorof the casing for connection to a conduit 36 connected to the upper endof the cylinder 10 through the port 15. An exhaust opening 37 in thebottom plate 24 opens the upper end of the cylinder to atmosphere, innormal upper position of the valve piston 30, through the conduit 35,passage 26, apertures 29, and the interior of sleeve 27. In the topplate 23, preferably centered directly over the piston, is an aperture38 for the connection of the actuating valve as explained hereinafter,and a restricted orifice 39 'is also provided in plate 23, as by a chokeplug threaded in'the plate, for bleeding air under pressure from theinterior of the sleeve above the valve piston.
An actuating valve generally designated 40 is mounted adjacent, andpreferably directly on, the control valve 20. The valve 40 comprises ahollow valve casing 41 which conveniently provides a reservoir for airunder pressure employed to actuate the control valve. casing has acylindrical neck portion at its upper end and an enlarged portion belowthe neck portion and providing therewith a reservoir chamber 42. Theupper end of the casing 41 is closed by a cap 43 having a valve inlet 44to which is connected a conduit 45 leading from and preferably ofsmaller cross section than the conduit 18, and communicatingtherethrough with the port 14 of the cylinder. An outlet 46 is providedin the end of the casing opposite the cap and has a tubular extension 47The l the casing terminating short of the upper end thereof. A bushing48 is secured in the upper end of the extension 47, and has a bevelededge to provide a conical valve seat. A valving piston member 50 isslidably disposed in the neck portion of the casing. The piston membercomprises a cylindrical portion 51 slidably bearing on the interiorsurface of the casing neck portion and having a web 52 intermediate itslength. A shoulder is provided along the junction of the inner face ofthe cylindrical portion 51 and the upper surface. of the web 52, andformed with a beveled surface defining a conical valve seat 53 spacedsomewhat above the web. The web is provided with a plurality ofapertures 54, and hasa central tubular guide portion 55 extendingdownwardly in alignment with the tubular outlet extension 4-7 but spacedtherefrom. Slidable in the piston member guide portion 55 is a stem 56having a disk valve portion 57 at its upper end seating on the conicalvalve seat 53 and a conical valve portion 58 at its lower.
end engaging on the valve seat provided by the bushing 48. Projectingfrom the conical valve portion 58 is a pilot portion 59 engaging in thebushing and having suit: able grooves or other air passages formedtherein. At"
the base of the conical valve portion 58 the stem 56 is provided with anenlarged stop portion 60 of substantially the diameter of the guideportion 55 for limiting relative sliding movement of the piston member50 andthe stem. The base of the conical valve portion extends radiallyoutwardly beyond the stop portion '60 to provide a flange or shoulder61. A helical spring 62 is engaged at one end against the lower face ofthe web 52 and about the guide portion 55, and at its other end aboutthe stop portion 60 and against the shoulder 61, to urge the pistonmember 50 upwardly and the stem 56 downwardly so as to seat the valveportions 57 and.
58. While the piston member 50' is'free to move in either directionexcept for the resistance of the spring 62, the valve portions of thevalve stem 56 are prevented from moving downwardly by the outletextension 47.
In upward movement, the pilot portion 59 maintains en-. gagement withthe bushing 48 to prevent radial displaccment of the parts, incooperation with the guide portion 55 of the piston member, and to guidethe valve stem. 56 in downward movement for proper seating of theconical valve portion 58 on the bushing. A short section of pipe 64 orthe like connects the casing outlet 46 to the aperture 38 in the topplate 23 of the control valve 20, and also serves to mount the actuatingvalve 40 .on the control valve. The valve 20 in turn may be mounted by asuitable bracket 65 on a support such as a portion F of the guide framefor the drop head, as shown in Fig. 1, although in actual practice it ispreferable to mount the valves on the machine frame and make connectionto the cylinder 10 by hose or like flexible conduit so as to avoid theeffect of the drop head vibrations conduit 36a is shown as connected toanother outlet opening in the valve casing 22 similar to-the outletopening 35. It will be obvious, however, that the conduit 18a might beconnected directly to the inlet opening 21 or to a similar openingcommunicating with passage 25, and
that conduit 36a might be a branch of conduit 36. More than twocylinders may of course be connected in'a similar manner.
In operation, assuming that the drop head D has been} brought toitsraised position, the piston 11 is lifted to the top of the cylinder 10by the air under pressure fed.
The conduit 18a is shown as a branch of the conduit 18, while thethrough the conduit 16 and port 14. The piston 30 of control valve is inits upper position as in Fig. 2, and the valving piston i) and valveportions 57 and 58 of the actuating valve 40 are in position closingboth the inlet and outlet, as shown in the left half of valve 40 in Fig.2. The air pressure in the passage 25 of the control valve and in thereservoir chamber 42 of the actuating valve is the same as in theconduits 18 and 45 and in the cylinder 13. As the drop head falls, itengages the upper end of the piston rod 12 and forces the piston 11downwardly, further compressing the air at the lower end of the cylinderso as to cushion the shock load movement of the piston and absorb theimpact of the drop head. This added pressure of course is distributed tothe conduits 18 and 45 and valves 20 and 40 through the port 14, butdoes not affect the pressure in the conduit 16 because of the checkvalve 17. The pressure has no effect on the valve 20, since the airunder pressure is confined to the passage and the space defined betweenthe piston 39 and sleeve 27 by the groove 32. The downward movement ofthe piston, however, draws air into the top of the cylinder through theexhaust opening 37, sleeve 27, apertures 29, outlet opening 26, conduit36, and the port 15, the passage of air through the valve 20 being shownby the arrows in Fig. 2. The increased pressure in conduit 45, however,overcomes the force of the spring 62 and causes the piston member 50 ofthe actuating valve to move downwardly, as shown by the right half ofthe valve in Fig. 2, so that the valve portion 57 is separated from itsseat 53 and air flows from the conduit through the inlet 44, about thevalve portion 57, and through the web apertures 54 into the reservoirchamber 42, charging it with air under the higher pressure. The conicalvalve portion 53 remains seated on the bushing 48 to close the extension47 and outlet 46 against discharge of air. The flow of air into thevalve 40 is indicated by the arrows in the figure. This charging of thereservoir chanber continues as long as the pressure at the lower end ofthe cylinder is greater than that in the reservoir, or in other words aslong as the piston 11 continues its downward compressive movement underthe shock load.
In Fig. l, the piston 11 is shown in substantially the lowermostposition to which it has been forced by the impact of the descendingdrop head, spaced somewhat above the bottom of the cylinder, and juststarting its rebound. it will be understood that the extent of downwardmovement of the piston depends upon the magnitude of the shock load andthe pressure of the air supplied to the cylinder 16 through the conduit16, and that this initial air pressure is determined in accordance withthe loads to which the shock absorber is subjected so as to obtain goodabsorption or cushioning of the piston movement under the shock load. Asthe piston begins its rebound or return movement under the force of thecompressed air at the lower end of the cylinder, the pressure of thatair falls both because of the removal of the load and the increasedspace in the cylinder for containing the air. immediately upon thisdecrease in the pressure of the air at the lower end of the cylinder,the now greater pressure of the air which has been forced into thereservoir chamber 42 of the actuating valve forces the piston member 59upwardly, as shown in Fig. 3, reseating the valve portion 57 and thusclosing the inlet 44, and at the same time by engagement with that valveportion lifting the stem 56 to unseat the conical valve portion 59 andopen the extension 47 and outlet 46. Compressed air passes from thereservoir chamber 42 through outlet 46 and pipe 64 into the sleeve 27 ofthe control valve, between the top plate 23 and piston 39, and forcesthe piston down against the stop member 34, with its upper bearingportion 31 above apertures 28 and the lower bearing portion belowapertures 29, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the groove 32 of the pistonforms a passage along the inter surface of the sleeve in communicationwith both apertures 28 and apertures 29, and the lower bearing portion31 prevents communication between the exhaust opening 37 and the passage26. Air under pressure flows from conduit 18 through passage 25 andapertures 28 into groove 32 and thence through apertures 29, passage 26,and conduit 36 into the upper end of the cylinder 16 to cushion thereturn movement of piston 11. The flow of air is indicated by thearrows. The air above the valve piston 30 bleeds out of the valve casingthrough the restricted orifice 39 to reduce the pressure on the piston,which is also reduced by expansion of the air to fill both the reservoirchamber 42 and the space within the sleeve 27 above the valve piston, sothat the air pressure falls below that required to hold the piston 39 inits lower position against the force of spring 33, and the piston isreturned to its normal upper position by the action of the spring toshut oif flow of air from the lower to the upper end of the cylinder andopen the upper end to atmosphere through conduit 36, passage 26,apertures 29, and exhaust opening 37. The compressed air in the upperend of the cylinder 10 is quickly exhausted due to its excess ofpressure over atmosphere and the upward return movement of the piston11, the flow of air through the valve 20 being opposite to thatindicated in Fig. 2. The valving structure of actuating valve 40 returnsto the normal position closing both the inlet and outlet as the pressureon opposite sides of the piston member 59 comes into balance. The entireaction is very rapid, requiring only a fraction of a second.
It will be apparent that the rebound of the piston 13 is slowed andcushioned both by the decrease in air pressure at the lower end of thecylinder as a portion of the air there compressed is transferred to theupper end of the cylinder, reducing the force urging the pistonupwardly, and by the action of the transferred air on the upper face ofthe piston, resisting the upward movement. The pressure per unit area ofthe opposite faces of the piston is equalized, but the upward pressureis greater than the downward pressure due to the reduction of the upperface area due to the piston rod 12, so that the upward movement of thepiston is continuous although progressively slowed or cushioned, and thepiston is brought to its uppermost position in the cylinder without anyappreciable shock as air is exhausted from above it in the mannerexplained. As the piston 11 moves upwardly, the pressure of the airbelow it in the lower end of the cylinder falls due to the enlargementof the space at the lower end and becomes less than the pressure in theconduit 16, so that air under the desired pressure flows through thecheck valve 17 into the lower end of the cylinder. The piston in itsuppermost position is thus supported by air at predetermined pressure,ready to receive the impact of the drop head D as it falls again. Aspreviously mentioned, the drop head of a railway maintenance machine orthe like may operate at a rapid rate, often well over thirty times aminute, and the present invention provides a quick-acting shock absorbercapable of cooperating properly with the drop head to minimize thestresses to which it is subjected.
Whatis claimed is:
1. A shock absorber for a drop head, comprising a cylinder, a piston insaid cylinder movable toward one end thereof-under a shock load, apiston rod for the piston extending through the other end of thecylinder to receive shock loads, means supplying air under pressure tothe cylinder at said one end for cushioning movement of the piston undershock load, a control valve having an inlet opening in communicationwith said one cylinder end and an outlet opening in communication withthe other cylinder end and with external atmosphere, said control valvealso having a valve element normally pre venting communication betweenthe inlet and outlet openings and movable by air pressure to place theinlet and outlet openings in communication and to block the outletopening from atmosphere, and an actuating valve hav-' ing a reservoirchamber for air under pressure with an outlet in communication with thecontrol valve to subject the valve element to'reservoir chamber airpressure, said actuating valve also having an inlet in communicationWith said one cylinder end and valve means normally closing the inletand outlet operable by air pressure in said one cylinder end greaterthan that in said reservoir chamber to admit air from said one end tothe chamber while closing the outlet and operable by air pressure in thechamber greater than that in said one cylinder end to close the inletand open the outlet for discharge of air under pressure from saidchamber to operate said valve element for allowing communication betweensaid inlet and outlet openings to admit air under pressure from said onecylinder end to the other end for slowing rebound of the piston byrelief of pressure at said one end of the cylinder and increase ofpressure at the other cylinder end, the pressure in said one end of thecylinder being increased by movement of the piston under shock load toprovide a pressure higher than that initially in said reservoir chamberand decreased to a level below said higher pressure by start of pistonrebound movement to effect said admission of air under pressure to theother end of the cylinder during rebound movement of the piston.
2. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a portadjacent each end, means for supplying air under predetermined pressureto the cylinder through the port at one end, a piston working in thecylinder, a piston rod extending from the piston through the other endof the cylinder to receive shock loads, conduit means connecting thecylinder ports, valve means controlling said conduit means to open andclose communication between the opposite ends of the cylinder throughthe ports normally biased to position closing communication and openingsaid other cylinder end to atmosphere operable by air pressure toposition opening communication, and valve means for actuating saidcontrol valve means having an inlet in communication with said one endof the cylinder, an outlet in communicationwith the control valve means,reservoir means in communication with both said inlet and outletinteriorly of the actuating valve means, and valving structure normallyclosingtbothr the inlet and outlet operable by air pressure in said one.
cylinder end greater than that in the reservoir means to open the inletfor charging the reservoir means while closing the outlet and operableby air pressure in the reservoir means greater than that in saidtonecylinder end to close the inlet and open the outlet fordischarging thereservoir through the outlet to actuate the control valve means to saidcommunication-opening position for admitt ng air under pressure fromsaid one end of the cylinder to the other to slow rebound of the piston,the air pressure in said one cylinder end exceeding that in thereservoir means upon compressive movement of the piston toward said oneend under shock load and falling below that in the reservoir means uponstart of piston rebound movement.
3. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a portadjacent each end thereof, means supplying air under predeterminedpressure to one end of the cylinder through the adjacent port, a pistonworking 'in the cylinder having a piston rod extending'through the otherend of the cylinder adapted to receive shock loads for moving the pistontoward said one cylinder end to increase the pressure of the airtherein, means connecting said ports to provide communicationbetweensaid one end and other end of the cylinder, a valve controllingcommunication through said connecting means having means normally biasedto position closing the connecting means operable by air pressure to aposition opening the connecting means for communication between thecylinder ends, and a valve for actua'ting'the control valve having aninlet and an outlet communicating respectively with said one cylinderend and-said control valve and valving means normally closing both theinlet and outlet and also having in communication with the inlet andoutlet interiorly thereof a reservoir said valving means operating uponincrease of air pressure in said one cylinder end above that, in thereservoir to open the inlet while closing the outlet to charge thereservoir with air under the higher pressure and operating upon decreaseof'the pressure at said one cylinder end below said higher pressure toopen the outlet while closing the inlet to discharge the reservoir foractuating the control valve to said communication-opening position toadmit air under pressure from said one end to the other end of thecylinder for cushioning rebound movement of the piston, the air pressurein said one cylinder end falling below that in said reservoir upon startof piston rebound movement.
4. A pneumatic'shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a pistontherein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air atsaid one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston,actuating valve means having an inlet communicating with said onecylinder end and an outlet and including a reservoir in communicationinteriorly of said valve means with both said inlet and outlet, avalving structure in said actuating valve means normally biased to closeboth the inlet and outlet and operable by air pressure in said onecylinder end greater than the pressure in the reservoir to open theinlet while closing the outlet for charging the reservoir with air undersaid greater pressure and operable by decrease in the air pressure insaid one endbelow said greater pressure upon rebound movement of thepiston to open the outlet for discharging the reservoir therethrough,and means for placing the opposite cylinder ends in connnunicationincluding a control valve having valve means normally biased to preventcommunication while opening said otherrcylinder end to atmosphere andoperable by said greater air pressure to an open position closing saidother end to atmosphere while allowing passage of air under pressurefrom said one end to said other end, said outlet of the actuating valvemeans being connected to the control valve for discharge of thereservoir adjacent said valve means to subject the valve means to saidgreater air pressure for movement thereof to said open position uponrebound of the piston, the air pressure in said one cylinder end beingcaused to decrease below said greater pressure by the beginning ofrebound movement of the piston.
5. A pneumatic shock absorber arrangement comprising a cylinder having apiston therein movable toward one end thereof by a shock loadto compressair between one of its faces and said one cylinder end for cushioningcompressive piston movement, and external by-pass means for placing saidone end of the cylinder in communication with the other end to slowrebound movement of the piston by passage of air from said one endto'the other in timed relation to the piston movement, said by-passmeans including a valve controlling said communication and a valve foractuating the control valve, said control valve having valve meansnormally positioned to prevent communication between said cylinder endsand to upon said other end to atmosphere and operable by air pressure toopen communication between the cylinder ends and close said other endfrom atmosphere, and said actuating valve having an inlet communicatingwith said one cylinder end, an outlet communicating with the controlvalve for applying air pressure to said valve means,
a reservoir in communication with said inlet and outlet.
interiorly of the actuating valve, and a valving member normallypositioned to close the inlet and outlet operable by air pressure insaid one cylinder end in excess of that in the reservoir to admit air tothe reservoir While closing j the outlet and operable by air pressure inthe reservoir in excess of that in said one cylinder end to open theoutlet while closing the inlet for discharge of air under pressure fromthe reservoir to operate said valve means 7 for admitting air from saidone end of the cylinder to the other upon rebound movement of thepiston.
6. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a pistonmovable toward one end thereof by a shock load to compress the air atsaid one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston,means connecting the ends of the cylinder for communicationtherebetween, a valve controlling communication through said connectingmeans normally biased to close the connecting means and operable by airpressure to open the connecting means for communication between thecylinder ends, and a valve for actuating the control valve having aninlet and outlet and valve means normally closing both the inlet andoutlet, a reservoir in communication interiorly of said actuating valvewith both the inlet and outlet, and means connecting the inlet with saidone cylinder end and the outlet with said control valve, said valvemeans normally closing both the inlet and outlet and being operable bypressure in said one cylinder end greater than that in the reservoir toopen the inlet while closing the outlet to charge the reservoir with airunder the higher pressure and operable by decrease in air pressure insaid one end below said higher pressure in the reservoir to open theoutlet while closing the inlet to discharge the reservoir for operatingthe control valve to allow communication between the cylinder ends foradmission of air under pressure from said one end of the cylinder to theother end for cushioning return movement of the piston, the pressure insaid one cylinder end decreasing below said higher pressure upon startof return movement of the piston.
7. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a pistontherein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air atsaid one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, andmeans for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of airunder pressure from said one end to the other to reduce pressure at saidone end and increase the pressure at the other end, said reboundcushioning means comprising communication means between the cylinderends including a control valve normally venting said other end whilepreventing communication between the opposite cylinder ends and operableto admit air from said one end to said other end, and means responsiveto changes in air pressure at said one end for operating the controlvalve to said air-admitting condition thereof upon lessening of airpressure in said one cylinder end by rebound movement of the piston.
8. A pneumatic shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a pistontherein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress the air atsaid one end for cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, andmeans for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of airunder pressure from said one end to the other to reduce pressure at saidone end and increase the pressure at the other end, said reboundcushioning means comprising communication means between the cylinderends including control valve means responsive to changes in air pressureat said one end and normally venting said other end while preventingcommunication between the cylinder ends and operable by lessening of airpressure in said one end upon rebound movement of the piston to admitair under pressure from said one end to the other.
9. A fluid shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston thereinmovable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluid at said one endfor cushioning the compressive movement of the piston, and means forcushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of pressure fluidfrom said one end to the other to reduce pressure at said one end andincrease pressure at the other end for equalizing the unit area pressureon the opposite faces of the piston, said rebound cushioning meanscomprising a valve controlling communication between the oppositecylinder ends and a valve for actuating the control valve to admit fluidfrom said one end to the other as the piston rebound movement begins,said actuating valve having a reservoir in communication therewith to becharged therethrough with pressure fluid from said one cylinder endduring compressive piston movement and discharging through the actuatingvalve upon rebound movement to actuate the control valve to openposition admitting fluid from said one end of the cylinder to the other.
10. A fluid shock absorber comprising a cylinder having a piston thereinmovable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluid at said one endfor cushioning said compressive movement of the piston, and means forcushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer of pressure fluidfrom said one cylinder end to the other to reduce pressure at said oneend and increase pressure at the other end for equalizing the unit areapressure on the opposite faces of the piston, said rebound cushioningmeans comprising a single valve controlling communication between theopposite cylinder ends and means for actuating the control valve toadmit fluid from said one end to the other as the piston reboundmovement begins operable by the variation in the pressure of the fluidat said one cylinder end upon compressive and upon rebound movement ofthe piston to eflEeet actuation of the control valve to saidfluid-admitting condition.
11. A fluid shock absorber arrangement comprising a cylinder having apiston therein movable toward one end by a shock load to compress fluidat said one end for cushioning said compressive movement of the piston,and means for cushioning rebound movement of the piston by transfer ofpressure fluid from said one cylinder end to the other to reducepressure at said one end and increase pressure at the other end, saidrebound cushioning means comprising a valve controlling communicationbetween the opposite cylinder ends, means for actuating the controlvalve to admit fluid from said one end to the other upon beginning ofpiston rebound movement operable by predetermined pressure of the fluidat said one end to actuate the control valve for said admission offluid, and means to operate the control valve for interrupting fluidflow from said one end to said other end and relieving the pressure atsaid other end prior to termination of the piston rebound movement.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,244,752 McCrosson Oct. 30, 1917 1,522,243 Hughes Jan. 6, 19252,018,312 Moulton Oct. 22, 1935 2,265,099 Chenault Dec. 2, 19412,293,915 Patterson Aug. 25, 1942
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2024-03-22
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1953-09-09
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1957-10-15"
}
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US-32385652-A
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Priming device
Dec. 25, 1956 R. G. GUENTER PRIMING DEVICE Filed Dec. 5, 1952 RICHARD e.GUENTER INVENTOR.
AGENT.
PRIMING DEVICE Richard G. Guenter, Lawrence, Kans., assignor to HerculesPowder Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware ApplicationDecember 3, 1952, Serial No. 323,856
8 Claims. Cl. 102-27 This invention relates to detonating means forexplosive charges and in particular to detonating devices especiallyadapted for use in applications where relatively insensitive explosiveis employed, or where advanced temperatures are encountered which renderthe use of conventional blasting initiators undesirable.
In recent years there has been a trend toward the use of relativelyinsensitive blasting agents which contain little or no nitroglycerin anddepend primarily for explosive trength upon such materials as ammoniumnitrate. While these blasting agents when brought to detonation arecharacterized by suflicient strength for most blasting operations, theyare normally not detonatable by commercially available blasting caps. Infact, the test employed to determine the sensitivity characteristics ofsuch blasting agents is usually one in which their resistance todetonation by a No. 6 or No. 8 cap is determined.
The usual methods for detonating these explosives have involved the useof separate priming cartridges of high explosive such as tn'nitrotoluene(TNT) which are brought to detonation by means of commercial electricblasting caps. is employed which contains a base charge of about 1030 g.of pentaerythritol tetranitrate or equivalent explosive. While both ofthese means of initiating explosives are operable, they stillnecessitate the use of blasting initiators which are expensive and whichare themselves considerably more sensitive to both heat and shock thanthe blasting agent itself. Thus, the safety for which the insensitiveblasting agents were originally designed is still not always obtainablein the degree desired by the art.
Special difficulties are encountered in shooting hot holes in which thetemperatures often reach a point high enough to cause prematuredetonation of conventional' blasting caps. A means for initiating theseinsensitive explosives which does not require the presence of largeamounts of sensitive explosive or electric blasting caps in the boreholeitself is therefore greatly to be desired.
Now in accordance with the present invention, there has been developed ameans for initiating insensitive blasting agents and explosivesgenerally which does not require the presence of either highly sensitivehigh explosive compositions or electric initiators of any sort in theimmediate vicinity of the charge to be detonated.
Generally described, the present invention is a priming device fordetonatable explosive compositions which comprises a detonatable body ofcompacted explosive composition containing crystalline high explosiveselected from the group consisting of cyclonite (RDX) andpentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and at least of nitrocellulose. Inaccordance with one embodiment of the invention, the compacted body isassociated with detonative means. Preferably, the detonative meansAlternatively a highly potent booster cap' atent PETN or RDX coveredwith fabric or plastic) or Cordeau (granular TNT covered with thin leadtubing containing the desired number of grains of explosive pe foot andwill be disposed in detonating relationship wit the explosive body.Preferably, the fuse will be di: posed in a recess, that is, in a Wellor a perforatio formed in the compacted body, although other suitabldisposition may be employed. In applications where rt sistance to heator shock is not an important facto: blasting caps may be similarlyemployed as the detonz tive means. In a preferred embodiment of theinvei tion, the compacted explosive body is formed into a axiallyperforated cylinder, the perforation extendir through at least a majorextent of the length of th cylinder. With such a structure, thedetonative mear employed may be disposed in or pass through the pe:
. foration.
The compacted body of explosive compositionin a cordance with thisinvention is readily detonated t detonating fuses of the desiredstrength, such as Prim: cord and Cordeau, but is highly insensitive bothto shoc conditions which can normally be expected during blas ingoperations and to. ignition or detonation by temper: tures usuallyencountered. It is usually desirable to i] corporate a small amount ofstabilizer for nitrocelh lose, such as diphenylamine or Centralite, inthe con positions from which the compacted body is forme The amountemployed is usually in the order of .2 to .19 While this compositionwill normally be sufiiciently w; ter resistant for most moistureconditions encountere it is desirable in some instances to include anon-vol; tile plasticizer for nitrocellulose such as diethyl phthalatdibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl Centralit ordinitrotoluene. While varying amounts of the plasi cizer may beemployed, increase in plasticizer e fects a corresponding decrease insensitivity to de onation It has further been found that nitroglycer canbe employed in amounts up to about 5% WithOl adversely affecting thethermal stability of the OV612 composition. In general, it has beenfound that it unnecessary to employ more than 5% of plasticizer Sll1(this amount has been found to render these compositior sufficientlyresistant to water that they will shoot wit 50 grain Primacord (50 gr.PETN per foot) after daj of exposure to water at pressures as high as p.s. When employed in hot holes, the compacted bodi primed with Primacordhave been found to function pro; erly without violent decomposition orpremature e1 plosion at temperatures of 500 to 1000 F.
The compacted bodies are preferably made in coaxia ly perforatedcylinders by extrusion 'in accordance Wi' known smokeless powderextrusion techniques. Ho ever, the compacted bodies may have any desiredsha and may be molded by any desired process.
Having generally described the invention, several er bodiments will bemore specifically illustrated with re erence to the accompanyingdrawings in which Fig. represents a longitudinal section of acylindrical cor pacted body in accordance with the invention; Fig. is asectional end view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a part elev tional, partsectional view of the body of Figs. 1 a1 2 primed with detonating fuse;Fig. 4 is a part section: part elevational view of an explosivecartridge priml with the device of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a part sectional,pa elevational view of a cylindrical compacted body prim with anelectric initiator; and Fig. 6 is a side elevation a borehole primed inaccordance with the invention.
Referring now to the drawings in which like numbe represent similarparts, and particularly to Figs. 1 to a cylindrical compacted body 10 ofexposive compo: tion in accordance with this invention is provided wi acoaxial perforation 11. Alength of detonating 11 12 is passed throughthe coaxial perforation 11 of tl ady 10 and is suitably secured therein.In Fig. 3, the etonating fuse is secured within the perforation by reamsof a knot tied in the detonating fuse which pre-- :nts its withdrawal..In Fig. 4, a cartridge 13 of insensitive explosive 1s nipped with acoaxial bore 14 defined by a hollow tube 5 passing concentricallythrough the cartridge 13. The )llow tube is indented at 16 to provide adetent means. concentrically perforated, compacted body of explosiveaccordance with the invention is disposed in the coial bore 14 and isprevented from passing therethrough the indentation 16 in the tube 15.Detonating fuse 12 .sses through the compaetedbody and extends cometelythrough the coaxial bore .14 :of the cartridge 13.
4 t be detonated at a safe distance from the borehole 23 by means of anelectric initiator.
The following examples are presented to more specifically illustrateembodiments of the invention. In the table, Examples 1 to 24 illustratedifferent compositions for the compacted body. The water resistance ofthese compositions and the comparative sensitivity to detonation of Wetand dry compositions are set forth. The compacted bodies tested were inthe form of coaxially 10 perforated cylinders 4 inches in length and0.67 inch in diameter. The diameter of the perforation was about 0.27inch. These cylinders were prepared by conventional smokeless powdercompounding and extrusion techniques as hereinafter described. Allcompositions were stabilized he leading end of the detonatig fuse 12passed 15 with 0.3 of diphenylamine.
Primacord Sensitivity 1 Explosive, Percent 15;, Dry Wet-45 'Lbs.Pressure for 5 Days Water RDX PET-N NO Plasticizer Gr. Gr. Gr. 60 Gr.100 Gr. Pickup}; 30 Gr. 40 Gr. 50 .Gr. 60 Gr. 100.61.
percen 19. 7 0 DEP. S 12.25 F F PS PS S 19. 7 1 DEP- PS 7. 90 F F PS PSS 19. 7 2* DEP. PS 6. 5,2 F F PS S 19. 7 3 DEP- F 4. 67 F F PS 19. 7 4*DEP F 1. 50 F PS S 19. 7 5* DEP. F 0. 74 F F PS 19. 7 6* DEP. F 0.00 F FF 15. 7 4 DEP. F 1.16 F PS PS 10.7 4 DEP. F 5.19 F F S 24. 7 0 PS 11.87F F PS 20.7 4DEP F 1.38 F F PS 19.7 5N.Ge PS 0.52 F PS S 19.7 5 DNT-F 1. 29 F PS 19. 7 5 TNT F 1.07 F -]?-S 19. 7 S 8.03 S 19.7 1* DEP S 9.96 PS PS '19. 7 2* DEP- S 10. 10- PS PS 19. 7 3* DEP. S 9. 77 PS PS 19.7 4* DEP. S 3.88 PS S 19.7 5 DEP- S 1. 90 PS -S 19.7 6 DEP- S 1.57 S 24.7 S 5.15 PS S 29. 7. .0 S 5.09 F PS 16. 7 3 DEP. S 11.01 F PS 1 Testedby shooting with PETN Primacord 01 indicated strength. RDX-eyclonite.PETN-pentaerythritoltetranitrate. N Cnitrocellu10se.
DEF-diethyl phthalate.
N G-nitroglycerin. DNT-dinitrotoluene. TNT-trinitrotoluene.
S-'-sh'ot,hole in plate.
PS-shot, dent inplate.
*Plasticizer added to composition.
ough a centrally orificed-wooden'disk 17 which has a meter greater than'thatof the tuber15. The leading i of the detonatingrfuse 12 is knottedto :prevent its isage through the disk 17. The priming cartridge 13 vybe lowered into a'borehole by means of the detonatfuse 12 and thecompacted'priming body 10 is thus intained imposition in thecentralportion of the carle 3- n Fig. 5, a cylindrical, compacted .body 18 inaccord- :e :with the invention is provided with a well19. An ctricinitiator 20 is disposed in the well '19 and con- :ted to a currentsource (not shown) lay lead wires 21. n Fig. 6, blasting cartridges 22are disposed in a verti- .borehole.23. The lowercartridgeZZ is primedinacdance with the invention-by disposing a coaxially peratedcylindrical body 10-of explosive composition, as wn in Fig. l, in theupper portion of the cartridge. A gth of Primacord 12 passes-laterallythrough the carlge and-through the coaxial perforation of the comtedbody 10. The Primacord 12 is then tied as shown [.leads out ofthe'borehole. The -:remaining cartridges aredisposed .ontopof the-1ower:primed cartridge. The e hole is "stemmed as at 25. 'The'Primacord12 may Example v25 Field trials were conducted in'which severalboreholes were loaded with commercial blasting cap insensitive blastingagent principally comprising ammonium nitrate. The temperature in theseboreholes was between 400500' F. due to undergroundfires. In each hole aprimer cartridge was employed similar to that shown in Fig. 4. Theprimer cartridge contained commercial blasting cap insensitive blastingagent. The compacted body was similar to that of Example 1 and contained80% RDX, 19.7% NC, and 3% diphenylarnine. A 50 grain PETN Primacord wasemployed which was initiated at a distance from the hole by means of anelectric blasting cap. After being loaded, the .holes were not fired forabout '20 minutes. All holes fired normally and with no indication ofany decomposition of the compactedbody in the primer cartridge.
From the foregoing examples, and especially from Examples l to 24, itwill be seen that the compositionof the compacted bodies may be subjectto considerable variatron. It'hasbeen found, however, that at least 15%of nitrocellulose must be employed in order to obtain a compacted'bodyhaving the requisite physical strength and to obtain the necessaryextrusion characteristics. When less than 15% of nitrocellulose isemployed, the bodies do not compact well and are crumbly.
The amount of crystalline explosive employed will depend on the degreeof sensitivity required for the particular application. Due to the factthat PETN is more sensitive to detonation than RDX, less PETN than RDXneed be used with a detonating fuse of a particular strength. Similarly,the amount and nature of the plasticizer may be varied to give thedesired characteristics in terms of water resistance and sensitivity toheat and shock. For commercially available detonating fuse, it has beenfound desirable to employ at least 75% of RDX and at least 70% of PETN.
While cylindrical compacted bodies of RDX or PETN with nitrocellulosehave been employed to specifically illustrate the invention, theinvention is not so limited, since as previously indicated the compactedbodies may be of any desired shape.
The compacted bodies are easily produced by the usual smokeless powderprocess. In accordance with the preferred process, the nitrocellulose,Wet with 2B alcohol, is placed in a sigma-blade mixer together with thestabilizer and plasticizer, if used, the particulate explosive, acetone,and additional 2B alcohol. The ingredients are then thoroughly mixed,preferably for about 3 hours. In accordance with the preferredprocedure, the composition is then extruded through a die of the desireddimensions, the perforation being formed by a die pin of a size slightlylarger than the detonating fuse to be employed. The compacted, extrudedbodies are dried in air at a temperature of about 120-140 F. to effectsolvent removal. Alternatively, however, the paste from the mixer may becompression molded in a suitable mold and the solvent removed by dryingas before. The RDX or PETN employed should be finely divided.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the priming devices of theinvention have many advantages. Devices having high heat or shockresistance may be prepared which when detonated, are highly bn'sant andcapable of satisfactorily initiating insensitive blasting agents orother explosive composition. While the compacted bodies may be made inany size, small, inexpensive bodies are satisfactory. These bodies arestructurally self-suflicient and require no metal or plastic shells forsupport. What is of great importance from the standpoint of bothmanufacturer and user is that the compacted bodies can be easily andeconomically prepared by utilizing known smokeless powder extrusiontechniques and equipment. Other advantages will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.
While the explosive priming device of the invention will have primaryutility when used with the currently popular insensitive blastingagents, the device can also be used with more sensitive explosives ifdesired. In like manner, although the device has special utility forshooting hot holes, its use is not so restricted. It is intended thatthe scope of this invention be defined solely by th scope of theappended claims.
What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. As a newarticle of manufacture a priming devic for detonating blasting chargescomprising a compacte explosive composition formed as a cylinder, thewalls 0 said cylinder forming an annulus about a substantiall coaxiallydisposed perforation extending through at lea: a major extent of thelength of the cylinder and adapte to contain a detonating means, saidexplosive consistin essentially of at least 75 percent cyclonite and atleast 1. percent nitrocellulose to form an independent cohesiv body.
2. An article of claim 1 wherein said perforation ex tends through saidcylinder.
3. An article of claim 1, wherein said detonating mean is a detonatingfuse disposed in at least a portion of sait perforation in propagatingrelationship with said com pacted composition.
4. An article of claim 1 wherein the said compacte explosive containsnot in excess of about 5 percent of nonvolatile plasticizer fornitrocellulose.
5. As a new article of manufacture a priming devic for detonatingblasting charges comprising a compacte explosive composition formed as acylinder, the walls 0 said cylinder forming an annulus about asubstantiall coaxially disposed perforation extending through at lea: amajor extent of the length of the cylinder and adapter to contain adetonating means, said explosive consistin, essentially of at leastpercent pentaerythritol tetrani trate and at least 15 percentnitrocellulose to form a1 independent cohesive body.
6. An article of claim 5 wherein said perforation ex tends through saidcylinder.
7. An article of claim 5 wherein said detonating mean is a detonatingfuse disposed in at least a portion of sait perforation in propagatingrelationship with said corn pacted composition.
8. An article of claim 5 wherein the compacted ex plosive contains notin excess of about 5 percent of nonvolatile plasticizer fornitrocellulose.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS GreatBritain Feb. 16, 1932
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2024-03-22
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1952-12-03
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1956-12-25"
}
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US-1900025127-A
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Balanced valve.
Patented May 27, |902.
E. B. SINTZENICH.
BALANGED VALVE.
(Application filed July 2B, 1900.)
(No Model.)
Uivrrnn Srnrns .WENT OFFICE.
EDVIN B'. SINTZENICH, OF ROCHESTER, NEV YORK.
BALANCED VALVE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application filed July 28, 1900.
To all whom. t may concern.-
Be it known that I, EDWIN B. SINTZENICH, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in BalancedValves, of which the following is a specification.
The invention relates to balanced valves for steam-engines, pumps,air-motors, &c. Its object is to produce a means of balancing aslide-valve by means that are easily attached to it and to provide meansfor packing the balancing mechanism or to prevent the escape of steamtherefrom.
The invention consists in the mechanism hereinafter described andclaimed.
In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudina lsection through theports and steampassages of a cylinder and through a slidevalve havingone or more balancing devices attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a top planview of one-half of a modified form of one of my balancing devices, andFig. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the diameter of the mechanismshown in Fig. 2.
The mechanism herein shown will be described as applied to the slide orD valve of an ordinary steam-engine cylinder, although the device iscapable of application to other constructions by means within the skilland knowledge of those acquainted with the art of motors and pumps ofvarious kinds.
In Fig. l is a portion of the cylinder of an ordinary steam-engine. o.is the exhaust-port thereof. a a2 are the steam-ports. B B are the sidewalls of a steam-chest. B is the steam-chest cover. h is the valve-rod.C is the slide-valve, which may be of usual form, or, as shown in thedrawings, it may have extended iianges c c on the ends, perforated at cc', with ports adapted to register at the ends of the stroke of thevalve with the steam-ports C1. 0.2. The lengthening of the D-valve C, asjust described, is for the purpose o f giving a firmer base on which thevalve rests and to tend to prevent a lifting or tipping of the Valve.The side walls B B of the valve-chest are or may be higher than usual inorder to accommodate the balancing mechanism now to be described. On thetop of the D-valve C is fastened a box E, that is connected with theinterior cavity of the valve C by a proper Patent'NoL 700,985, dated May27, 1902.
Serial No. 25,127. (No model.)
passage. In the present instance this passage is a small bore e througha bolt E, that fastens the box E to the valve-seat. If now the pressurewithin the box E is the same as within the valve C, the valve C wouldbecome balanced and there would be no tendency of thevalveto rise fromits seat, nor would there be any pressure of the valve C downward on itsseat except the mere weight of the valve. This will be the case if thebox E is made steam-tight and the pressure in the steam-chest isexcluded therefrom. The top B of the valve-chest is used as Ithestationary surface just mentioned, and I produce a steam-tightconnection as between the box E and the lsteam-chest cover B by thefollowing means: The box E is made cylindrical on the outer side oftheftlange e, and around this cylindrical surface is placed apackingring f, that is capable of movement up and down around the flangee. The inside face of the steam-chest cover and the upper edge of thering f are surfaced to fit closely, and the said ring is lifted by meansof a spring f pressing against the iiange e0 on the box E or, ifdesired, pressing upon the top of the valve C, which raises the ring finto ycontact with the under surface of the valve-chest cover B. Theringfis split in order to expand and contract and to tit upon the outersurface of the flange e. VOn the inner sur` face of the ring is cut agroove fo, which ends at points adjacent to where the ring is split, sothat the groove fonwhen the ring f is tted upon the flange e constitutesa steam-tight cavity. On the lower edge ot' the ringfis cut anothergroove fo', that, like the groovefo, ends adjacent to the point wherethe ring is split and forms another steam-tight cavity. These twogrooves fo and fo/ are connected by one or more passages foi. Beneaththe ring f is a base for supporting the packing, consisting in thepresent instance of a second ring f2, that fits against the lowersurface thereof and which the spring f presses against the lower edge ofthe ring j". On the outside of the ring f is another thin ring f3, thatis also split and is so set on the ring fthat the split of thelast-mentioned ring is covered by the ring f3. Of course the steam isled into the steamchest and pressure therein is the boiler-pressure.Under this pressure steam passes into IOO the cylinder through the portc' and the passagey a in the vposition of the parts shown in Fig. l toone end of the cylinder. From the other end of the cylinder steam passesout throughthe passage a2, valve C, and exhaustpassage a in this sameposition offparts. If the area within the packing-ringfis equal to thearea of the open ports under the central cavity of the valve C, therewould be perfect 'Inasmuch as the pressure in the valve-chest is greaterthan that under the valve C or inside the balancing device, thispressure Will tend to lift the'ringfzagainst the lower edge ofA theringfand by reason of the groove f and passage]E02 will cause `theringfz to hug the bottom of the ringf very closely. So,
also, the pressure upon the split ringf3 will cause it to fit closelyupon the fiange e. This operation is arrested in the case of the ringsf2 and f3 by the grooves fo' and fo, which act as if they Were openports under (as to the pressure) the ringf2 and the ring f, wherebythere is a greater surface for the action of the outside steam-.pressurethan there is on the inside of said rings, the same being diminished tothe extent of the area of the groovesfo'andfo. The action of thesegrooves thus described becomes eective by reason of'passages e0 throughthe fiange e, which connect the interior of the balancing device withboth grooves fo and fo, being connected with the first through thepassage or passages fm. It will be noticed that the inner upper edge ofthe ring ff is recessed or grooved, as atfo, the purpose of this beingto cause it to tend to hug the steam-chest cover B more vclosely onaccount of the increased surface for operation of the outsidesteam-pressure over'the surface of the ring f, which takes the pressureagainst the steam-chest cover. Thismechanism is found to be effectiveand tof remain steam-tight, and by reason of the higher pressure in thesteam-chest outside ofthe valve C and the balancing devices over thepressure within the balancing device and inside the valve C the pressureof the valve upon its seat is reduced and said pressure is variable inaccord with the pressure of the exhaust inside the valve C, whichpressure of the exhaust is increased or reduced inside.
the balancing device by reason of the communicating passage e.
In Figs. 2 and 3 there is shown a modified form of the same mechanism inwhich the ring f is surrounded by another split ring g, outside of whichis placed the ring f3. The
ring Gfhas a groove Q0 around its lower edge corresponding to thegroovefo. One or more passages Q02 connect the groove go With a grooveQ03 on the upper edge of the ring g, and
Aone or more passages g04 connect with a passageor passages fo* in theringf. This pastight it of the movable ringsfand g against thesteam-chest cover; but upon employing the grooves and relief-'passagesleading from -them the steam-tight fit of the rings on the box E andupon the steam-chest cover is found to be perfect and to have movementto produce a tight fit and the exclusion of the steam in a way whichdoes not occur Without them.
The out-side ring]3 may have, as shown in Fig. 2, a protecting-plate fw,that is fastened in any suitable manner, as by a screw 731, to one endof the ring near Where it is split, said plate passing over the splitand being held against the opening at the split by the steam-pressure inthe steam-chest.
In the top B of the steam-chest is a hole b', filled by a movable plug510. When this plug is removed, the pressure in the interior of thebalancing device is always the same as the atmosphere and avoids, amongother things, the disturbing effect of back pressure from thecylinderinto the D-valve. With this construction the bore c may beclosed by a plug elo, or the bolt E may be made solid. When the usualform of riding cut-o is employed, the balancing device usuallyy has nouidpressure connection with the D-valve, but is merely fastened thereon,and the hole b is left open.
The box E rests, as shown, on the back of the D-valve (l, and so much ofthe box as rests in contact therewith of course precludes steam-pressureon so much of the valve. I prefer to leave some space between the bottomof the box E and the back of the valve in order that the steam-pressurein the steamchest, which of course acts in all directions, may get underthe box and exert a lifting action which relieves the pressure of thevalve C against its seat. The area of surface of the under side of thebox E thus exposed to the steam-pressure should be greater than thesurface of the open ports under the valve C.
It will be seen that this balancing device may be applied to any of theusual forms of slide-valve without change, except that in some cases thesteam-chest has to be increased in height and the under side of thesteamchest cover must be surfaced.
What I claim is-'- l. In abalanced Valve, a cylinder havin gin- IOO IIO
let and exhaust ports,a slide-valve forcausing inlet and exhaust ofsteam to the ends of the cylinder, a stearnfchest, a box secured to theback of slide-valve and a movable metallic packing supported on a baseon said box and fitting the exterior of said box and against thesteam-chest cover and having one or more grooves on its surfaces incontact with said box and said base and open passages from said groovesto the interior only of said box, substantially as described.
2. In abalanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,aslide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of thecylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of the slide-valve,and a movable inetallic packing supported in a base on said box andfitting the exterior of said box and against the steam-chest cover andhaving one or more grooves on its surfaces in contact with said box,said base and said steam-chest cover, and open passages from said grooveto the interior only of said box, substantially as described.
3. In a balanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,aslide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of thecylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of lthe slide-valve,and a movable me- Tallic packing supported on a base on said box andiitting steam-tight against the outer surfaces of the box and againstthe under surface of the steam-chest cover and upon said base, means forpressing said base upward against the steam-chest cover, said packinghaving grooves on the surfaces pressing against said box and said base,and open connections from said grooves to the interior only of the box,substantially as described.
4. In a balanced valve, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports,aslide-valve for causing inlet and exhaust of steam to the ends of thecylinder, a steam-chest, a box secured to the back of the slide-valve,and a movable metallic packing supported on a base on said box andfitting steam-tight against the outer surface of the box and against theunder surface of the steam-chest cover and upon said base, means forpressing said. base upward against the steam-chest cover, said packinghaving grooves on the surfaces pressing against the steam-chest cover,said box and said base, and open connections from said grooves to theinterior only of the box, substantially as described.
EDWIN B. SINTZENICII.
Witnesses:
C. M. PERKINS, F. BISSELL.
|
2024-03-22
|
1900-07-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-05-27"
}
|
US-463381D-A
|
Horse-blanket
(No ModeL) O. B. FALES.
HORSE'BLANKHT. No. 463,381. Patented Nov. 17,1891.
a g g 3 g A TT ORNE Y.
UNITED STATES ATENT ORANGE B. FALES, OF CANFIELD, OIIIO.
HORSE-BLANKET.
SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 463,381, dated November17, 1891.
Application filed July 11, 1891- Serial No. 399,129- (No model.)
[ erence being had to the annexed drawings,
making a part of this specification, and to the letters of referencemarked thereon, in which- Figure 1 is a view showing the blanketproperly placed upon the horse and my improved device properly attachedto the blanket. Fig. 2 is a view showing the piercing-strap properlyattached to portions of the blanket, showing the position of the inner2o strap and the normal position of the piercing points and strap. Fig.3 is a view showing portions of the piercing-strap and inner strap andthe same attached together. Fig. a is an enlarged sectional View of thepiercing-strap guide, showing its spring properly attached.
Fig. 5 is a view showing a portion of the piercing-strap and apiercing-point properly attached thereto. Fig. 6 is a view showing aportion of the inner strap and one of the apertures for receiving apiercing point or stud. Fig. 7 is a View showing the piercing and innerstrap brought into proper position to bring the point of thepiercing-stud through the inner strap, also showing a portion of the 3 5blanket.
The present invention has relation to devices for preventing horses fromtearing and removing blankets; and it consists in the peculiarconstruction hereinafter described, and
0 particularly pointed out in the claims.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the drawings.
In the accompanying drawings, A represents the blanket, which may be ofany desired kind or style, and is placed upon the horse in the ordinarymanner.' To the rear end of the blanket A is attached in any con-.venient manner the ends of the piercing-strap B, said ends beingattached opposite to each other, as illustrated in Fig. 2. If desired, a
separate strap may be buckled to the ends of the piercing-strap and theseparate strap attached to the blanket. It will be understood that twostraps are to be employed, if separate straps are attached to theblanket, and the piercing-strap B buckled to the separate straps a. Y
To the inner strap 0 are attached the guides 'b, which guides are forthe purpose of holding the piercing-strap B in proper position. Theseguides 12 are so formed and adjusted that the piercing-strap B will befree to move back and forth a short distance through the guides b. Thepiercing-strap B isprovided with the piercing-studs c, which studs arefixed to the piercing-strap by means of the plates d, which plates maybe riveted to the outer ends of the piercing-studs c, or said piercingstuds may be attached in any other convenient manner, as I do not desireto confine myself to any particular manner of attaching thepiercing-studs c to the piercing-straps B.
To the blanket A is attached in any convenient and well-known manner thecrupper e, and to said crupper is attached the top or upper end orportion of the strap f, the bottom or lower end of said strap beingattached to the straps B and C or to either one of said straps, asdesired. pose of holding the straps O and B in the positionillustratedin Fig. 1 when the blanket A is properly placed upon the horse. For thepurpose of assisting and holding the blanket A upon the horse, thestraps g are provided, which are constructed in the ordinary manner andare provided with ordinary buckles.
To the inner strap 0 are attached the elastic straps D, the oppositeends of said elastic straps being attached to the piercing-strap B, saidelastic straps being for the purpose of normally holding the straps B inthe position illustrated in Fig. 2.
In use I prefer to use a flat elastic strap or spring; but it will beunderstood that any other kind of a spring may be used without departingfrom the nature of my invention. The object and purpose of holding thestrap B in the position illustrated in Fig. 2 is to prevent thepiercing-studs c from reaching and piercing the horse, except ashereinafter described. In the event the horse attempts The strap f isfor the pur to remove or tear the blanket with his teeth, the pull willcause the piercing-strap to as suine the position illustrated in Fig. 7,thereby forcing the piercing-studs a through one of the apertures 71, atwhich time the point of said piercing-studs will prick the horse andcause him to desist pulling.
' For the purpose of removing the piercingstuds 0 when the horse desistsfrom pulling his blanket, the springs or elastic straps D are provided,which springs automatically bring the piercing-straps 13 together withthe piercing-studs c in Fig. 2.
For the purpose of causing the piercingstuds 0 to act independent ofeach other, the strap B is fixed to the strap C about midway betweensaid piercing-studs, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
Having fully described my invention, what into the position illustrated-I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The combination of the blanket A, the straps l3 and U, the springs D,fixed to the straps C and D, and the piercing-studs c, fixed to thestrap B, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The combination of the blanket- A, the straps B and C, the strap 0,provided with the apertures 71, and the strap B, provided with thepiercing-studs c, the springs D, the strap f, and the guides 11,substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In testimony that I claim the above, I have hereunto subscribed inynainein the presence of two witnesses.
ORANGE FALES.
\Vitnesses:
E. A. 0. SMITH, F. V. BOND.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1891-11-17"
}
|
US-4457360-A
|
Ternary blends of vinyl chloride polymer-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer and process for making the same
United States Patent Ival 0. Salyer and Harry Holladay, Dayton, @hio,
assignors to Monsanto fiompany, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.No. 44,573
7 'Claims.
Filed July 22, B63, Ser.
((ll. 26il-897) This htvention relates to vinyl chloride polymers. Inone aspect, this invention relates to vinyl chl ride compositionscomprising ternary blends of vinyl chloride polymer,styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and chlorc-sulfonated eth lene polymer.in another aspect, this invention relates to methods for making ternaryblends of inyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitiile copolymer andcrlomsulfonated ethylene polymer.
The many valuable properties of vinyl chloride polymers are well knownand these polymers have become important commercially. Many of the vinylchloride polymers are characterized as hard and rigid plastics but someof these polymers are not easily processed in conv ntional operationsbecause of their thermoplasticity characteristics. It is known that theprocessability of the vinyl chloride polymers can be improved by theincorporation of a plasticizei in the polymer, but the resultingcomposition is lso softened and weakened, thereby limiting the end useof the composition. it is also known that the processabilitycharacteristics of a vinyl chloride polymer can advantageously beimproved by incorporating a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer in the vinylchloride polymer. However, vinyl chloride polymer and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer are only limitedly compatible so that there isno substantial improvement in toughness or any of the other physicalproperties of the polymer such as temperature resistance. Obviously, theend uses of vinyl chloride polymers can be greatly increased byproviding compositions which are not only readily processed in existingoperations but which also have improved temperature resistance, impactstrength, and the like.
We have discovered that the compatibility of styrene/ acrylonitrilecopolymer in vinyl chloride polymer compositions can be increased byblending into said compositions 2. chloro-suiionated ethylene polymer toform a ternary polyblend composition having improved properties.
An object of this invention is to provide improved vinyl chloridepolymer compositions.
Another object of this invention is to provide ternary polyblendcompositions of vinyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitrile copolymerand chlorosulionated ethylene polymer.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for raising theimpact strength of a vinyl chloride polymer composition.
Another object or this invention is to provide a method for raising thetemperature resistance of vinyl chloride polymer compositions.
Other aspects, objects and advantages of this invention will be apparentfrom a consideration of the accompanying disclosure and appended claims.
In accordance with this invention, improved vinyl chloride compositionsare made by incorporating small amounts of both styrene/acrylonitrilecopolymer and chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer in vinyl chloridepolymers to form a ternary polyblend or the same. The novel ternarypolyblends of this invent on comprise a major proportion of vinylchloride polymer and a minor proportion of both styrene/acrylonitrilecopolymer and chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer. Ordinarily, the ternaryblends of this invention comprise 40-96 wt. percent vinyl chloridepolymer, 2-30 wt. percent styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 2-30 wt.percent chlorosulionated ethylene polymer. Preferably, thestyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer is present in an amount in excess of theamount of chi rosulfonated ethylene polymer present; however, thechlorosultonated ethylene polymer can somewhat less advantageously bepresent in an excess, if it is so desired. Although these proportions ofaddends in the novel vinyl chloride polymer compositions of thisinvention are preferred, other compositions outside the statedproportions can also be formed with fewer improvements of physicalproperties with improvements to a lesser degree than are obtained in thepreferred compositions.
The vinyl chloride polymers utilized in this invention are unplasticizedpolyvinyl chlorides and unplasticized interpolymers containing at least89% of weight vinyl chloride and up to 20% by weight of one or moreethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinyl acetate, vinylidenechloride, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate acrylonitrite, dibutylmaleate, and the like. Mixtures of such vinyl chloride polymers can alsobe used if desired.
The vinyl chloride polymers may be prepared by any of the polymerizationtechniques known to and employed by those skilled in the art, includingsuch methods as solution, suspension, emulsion, and mass polymerizationtechniques. The vinyl chl ide res ns em loyed in the ternarycompositions of ths invention most generally have weight averagemolecular weights in the range of from 19,066 to 506,099, althoughhigher or lower molecular weight vinyl chloride resins are useful tosome extent in the present invention. The molecular Weights referred toare determined by light scattering in methyl ethyl ketone solution.
The term vinyl chloride polymer as used herein is intended to includehomopolymers or" vinyl chloride, i.e., polymers prepared by Subpcting topolymerization a monomeric material consistin of vinyl chloride as thesole polymerizable constituent, and copolymers of vinyl chloride withother ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith;however, it is to be understood that such copolymers can be employedwhenever reference is made herein to polyvinyl chloride resins.
The styrene/acrylon ile copolymers utilized in this invention are hardand tough thermoplastic materials high in molecular weight and preparedby polymerizing a monomeric mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile, whichmay also conta n minor amounts of other copolymerizable monoolefimcmonomers as minor constituents. Although styrene itself is a preferredmonomer, other useful styrenes include methyl styrene, ethyl styrene,monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, and similar styrenes copolymerizablewith acrylonitrile. The acrylonitrile comonomer is preferablacrylonitrile itself; however, other useful acrylonitriles includemethacrylonitrile, ethacrylonitrile, chloroacrylonitrile, and the like.The styrcne/acrylonitrile copolymer may contain from 85 wt. percentstyrene and from 15-40 wt. percent acrylonitrile, preferably from 6545wt. percent styrene and from 20-35 wt. percent acrylonitrile. A veryadvantageous sytrene/acrylonitrile copolymer for use in this inventioncontains 72% styrene and 28% acrylonitrile and is available commerciallyunder the trade name Bakelite RMD 4091. These styrene/acrylonitrilecopolymers can be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in theart; for example, by polymerizing in solution, in mass, or in an aqueousmedium.
The chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers incorporated in the ternaryblends of this invention include chlorinated ethylene polymers as Wellas the chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers as are We l known to thoseskilled in the art.
For example, certain commercial products sold under the trade name ofHypalon are chlorosulfonated polyethylenes and chlorinatedpolyethylenes. Chlorosulfonated ethylene polymers are made bychlorination and sulfonation of normally solid high molecular weightpolymers of ethylene. Suitable ethylene polymers usually have numberaverage molecular weights of at least 6000 and preferably above 15,000.Such ethylene polymers can be made readily by subjecting ethylenecontaining from to 200 ppm. oxygen to polymerization at very highpressures, for example, 20,000 to 40,000 p.s.i. There are other methodsfor preparing solid polyethylenes, for example, by employing peroxide orazo catalysts and water or an organic liquid reaction medium along withmoderately high pressures, for example, 5,000 to 15,000 p.s.i. Also, asis well known in the art, ethylene polymers of greater rigidity andhigher density can be prepared at relatively low pressures, e.g., lessthan 1000 p.s.i., using organo-metallic and metal oxide-supportedcatalysts. If desired, the ethylene polymer which is chlorosulfonatedmay be one which is a copolymer of ethylene and an ethylenicallyunsaturated comonomer processed in an amount preferably not to exceedwt. percent of the ethylene, for example, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride,vinylidene chlorofiuoride, methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
The chlorosulfonation of the ethylene polymer can be effected in anumber of different ways and one very suitable method for producing apreferred type of chlorosulfonated polyethylene is described in U.S.Patent 2,586,- 363. As disclosed therein, polyethylene ischlorosulfomated to form a polymer having a preferred chlorine contentof about to 37% by Weight and a preferred sulfur content of from 0.4% to3% by weight. One very suitable chlorosulfonated polyethylene for use inthis invention contains about 27.5 wt. percent chlorine and about 1.5wt. percent sulfur. The chlorine and sulfur atoms are believed to bechemically combined with the hydrocarbon chain of the polymer with mostof the chlorine substituted on the chain and the sulfur combined withthe chain as -SO Cl groups. This material contains about one chlorineatom for every 6 to 7 carbon atoms and one --SO Cl group for every 90 to130 carbon atoms.v In the preparation of the chlorosulfonatedpolyethylene, the chlorosulfonation can be effected by reacting thepolyethylene with chlorine and sulfur dioxide, with 50 C31 or with SO Cland chlorine. Other procedures for making chlorosulfonated polyethylenesare described in the prior art, for example, in U.S. Patents 2,212,786,and 2,405,971. Preferably, the chlorosulfonated polyethylenes employedin the ternary blends of this invention have a chlorine content of from10% to 50% by weight and a sulfur content of from 0.2% to 10% by weightalthough the sulfur content may be zero.
The ternary polyblend compositions of this invention are prepared byintimately admixing the vinyl chloride polymer, thestyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and the chlorosulfonated ethylenepolymer together. These components may be mixed in any order and may bein any conventional form. Preferably, all three components are admixedtogether in a suitable container to form a rough mix which is then mixedon a conventional mixing machine of the type normally used for mixingrubber or plastics, e.g., a roll mill or a Banbury mixer. If desired,the vinyl chloride polymer can be first placed on a roll mill and, aftera smooth rolling bank has formed in the nip of the rolls, the other twocomponents of the blend added either separately or as a mixture.Regardless of the method by which the mixing of the ingredients isaccomplished, it is necessary that the components be admixed together orworked under sufficient heat and pressure to insure efiicient dispersionof the various components in the mixture to form a completelyhomogeneous material. The temperature at which this working ormastication is conducted is not critical so long as the temperature isat least above that where the vinyl chloride polymer fuses and not abovethe temperature where the vinyl chloride polymer decomposes. Usually atemperature above about 300 F. to 325 F. and less than about 350 F. to375 F. is sufficient to obtain an adequately intimate combination of thematerials. If desired, suitable minor ingredients can also be includedin the ternary polyblends of this invention, including such ingredientsas fillers, dyes, pigments, stabilizers, and the like. Preferably, heatstabilizers are added with vinyl chloride polymer as it is placed in themixing equipment.
The ternary polyblend compositions obtained in this invention can beproduced in any of the conventional forms. For example, the product canbe calendered to form very thin, smooth sheets, press molded, laminated,embossed, cut, drilled or machined.
The advantages, desirability and the usefulness of the present inventionare illustrated by the following example.
EXAMPLE Vinyl chloride polymer binary and ternary blends containingvarying proportions of addends were prepared mechanically by milling thevarious mixtures of ingredients on 3 x 8 inch Throppe mill rolls heatedto a temperature of approximately 350 F. A rough mix was first preparedfrom the powdered vinyl chloride polymer, styrene/acrylonitrilecopolymer, and the pelleted chlorosulfonated ethylene rubber cut-up intosmall pieces. The required amounts of these ingredients, together with2% Thermolite 31 stabilizer, were admixed by hand in a stainless steelbeaker. Thereafter, the rough mix was placed on the heated mill rollsand the components thoroughly homogenized by intensive hot milling for 5minutes or until an adequate dispersion was obtained. The material wasrepeatedly cut back during the milling operation in order to make sure acomplete dispersion of the components was obtained. After blending ofthe components was complete, as evidenced by visual inspection, theblends were sheeted and stripped from the mill rolls. The sheets werecooled to room temperature and cut into shapes approximating theconfiguration of the mold in which the compression-molded specimens weremade. plates using a Motch and Merryweather 30 ton compression moldingpress. The samples were first given a three minute preheat at a pressureof approximately p.sig. and then heated for a period of 5 minutes with afinal temperature of approximately 350 F. and a final pressure of 1000p.s.i. hydraulic pressure. At the end of this time, the specimens werecooled to room temperature with water and removed from the press. Thedesired physical test specimens were then cut from the compressionmolded material for the determination of various physical properties ofthe blend.
The physical properties of the various blends are reported in Table I.These physical properties were determined according to the standardASTMprocedures, more specifically the notched impact strength was determinedby the Izod method as set forth in ASTM D 256-47T, the Clash-Berg datawere determined according to ASTM D-1043-51, and the tensile strengthproperties were determined according to ASTM D-882-46.
The physical properties reported'in Table I were measured on specimensprepared from a commercially available polyvinyl chloride resinidentified as Opalon 300 to which'had been added 2% by weight ofThermolite RS 31 which is a tin mercaptide heat stabilizer.styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer was either an experimental polymercontaining 76% styrene and 24% acrylonitrile, or a commerciallyavailable polymer identified as Bakelite RMD 4001 containing 72% byweight of styrene and 28% by Weight of acrylonitrile. Thechlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber was obtained commercially and wasidentified as Hypalon S2.
The material was molded between press polished Table I PROPERTIES OFVINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER-STYRENE/ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYNIER CHLOROSULFONATEDETHYLENE POLYIMER POLYBLENDS 1 Composition, percent I d Clash-Berg DataTensile Properties zo Impact Vinyl Styrene] Chloro- Strength, StrengthPercent Chloride Acrylosulfonated it-lb../in. Tr, T2000, SFR at break,Elonga- Polymer 2 nitrile Polyethylene C. 0. p.s.i. tion Copolymer 1 Allpolyblends contain 2% Thermolite 31 stabilizer. 2 Opalon 300 vinylchloride polymer.
i Hypalon S2 chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
The data in Table I show that the presence of chloro- 20 onitrilecopolymer is only limitedly compatible with vinyl sulfonatedpolyethylene in a vinyl chloride-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymercomposition substantially raises the rubber temperature (T of thecomposition, without causing large changes in the brittle temperature (Tthereby broadening the Stifllex range (SFR) from 2 to 3 times the valuefor either vinyl chloride polymer alone or for a binary mixture of vinylchloride and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer. The brittle temperature (Tis the temperature at which the stillness modulus is 135,000
p.s.i. and the rubber temperature (T is the temperature at which thestiffness modulus is 2000 psi. The Stifiiex range (SFR) is determined bydifference. The
rubber temperature is a measure of the heat resistance of thecomposition because at temperatures above this temperature, thecomposition has no weight or load bearing characteristics. It isparticularly desirable to have compositions with high heat resistanttemperatures for the fabrication of household articles since thesearticles are very often washed in hot water. With reference to Table I,it will be noted that the presence of 7 wt. percent chlorosulfonatedpolyethylene rubber in vinyl chl0ride-styrene/- acrylonitn'le copolymercompositions containing 15 wt. percent and 10 wt percent of the latterraised the T2000 to temperatures of 105.5 C. and 100.3 C., respectively,which are temperatures above the boiling point of Water. These increasesin T2000 are substantial when compared with the value of 86.3 C. forvinyl chloride polymer and 862 C. for a vinylchloride-styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer binary polyblend. The increasein the Stifilex range (SFR) is also noteworthy because it indicates thatthe changes in the physical characteristics of the ternary polyblendsfor this invention vary gradually over a wide temperature range, andtherefore, a failure of the compositions under load will not be suddenor immediate. For example, as shown in Table I the Stiifiex range for aternary polyblend containing 7% chlorosulfonated polyethylene andstyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer is 31.4 as compared with a value of 12.7for a binary polyblend comprising 87.5% vinyl chloride polymer and 12.5%styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer.
It will also be noted from the data in Table I that the addition ofchlorosulfonated polyethylene to a vinyl chloridepolymer-styrenelacrylonitrile copolymer raises the Izod impact strengthof the composition a significant amount. For example, a ternarypolyblend containing 7% chlorosulfonated polyethylene and 10% styrene/-acrylonitrile copolymer has an impact strength of 1.3 ft-lb/ in. ascompared with a value of 0.56 ft-lb/in. for a binary polyblendcontaining 93% vinyl chloride polymer and 5% styrene/acrylonitrilecopolymer.
It is believed that these improvements in vinyl chloride polymercompositions are obtained by increasing the compatibility ofstyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer in vinyl chloride polymer by theaddition of chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer to the composition sincestyrene/acrylchloride polymer.
The ternary blends of this invention are useful in making injectionmolded and compression molded articles, and can also be used in otherforms, for example, as films, surface coatings, and monofilaments. Theycan also be mixed with other materials, such as pigments, plasticizers,natural and synthetic resins, fillers, and the like, according toprocedures well known to those skilled in the art.
Reasonable variation and modification of the invention as described arepossible, the essence of which is that there have been provided ternarypolyblend compositions of vinyl chloride polymers comprising a majoramount of a vinyl chloride polymer and a minor amount of both astyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and a chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer,and methods for preparing the same.
We claim:
1. A rigid vinyl chloride polymer polyblend composition comprising from40% to 96% by weight of the vinyl chloride polymer and the remainderstyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and a chloro-sulfonated ethylenepolymer.
2. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising from 40% to 96%by weight of a vinyl chloride polymer, from 2% to 30% by weight of astyrene/acrylonitrile copolymer, and from 2% to 30% by weight of achlorosulfonated ethylene polymer.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said styrene/ acrylonitrilecopolymer is present in an amount which is greater than the amount ofsaid chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer.
4. The composition of claim 2 wherein said chlorosulfonated ethylenepolymer contains a chlorine content of 10% to 50% by weight and a sulfurcontent of 0.2% to 10% by weight.
5. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloridepolymer, 15% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 7% by weightchlorosulfonated polyethylene.
6. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloridepolymer, 10% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and 7% by weightchlorosulfonated polyethylene.
7. A rigid vinyl chloride resin composition comprising vinyl chloridepolymer, 5% by weight styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers and 7% by weightchlorosulfonated polyethylene.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,646,417 Jennings July 21, 1953 2,889,308 Fedderson June 2, 19592,956,980 Law Oct. 18, 1960 OTHER REFERENCES Renfrew et a1.: Polythene,Iliiie & Sons, Ltd. (London, 1957, 1st edition), pages 276-279.
1. A RIGID VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER POLYBLEND COMPOSITION COMPRISING FROM40% TO 96% BY WEIGHT OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER AND THE REMAINDERSTYRENE/ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER AND A CHLORO-SULFONATED ETHYLENEPOLYMER.
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2024-03-22
|
1960-07-22
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1964-09-15"
}
|
US-52510621-A
|
Manifold heater for internal-combustion engines
LAQ'KQW. Patented Aug. 22, 1922.
2 -SHEETSSHEET l.
Qnvcnfom A, G. BRIDGFOBD AND S. B. BOLTON.
MANIFOLD HEATER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILEDDEC.27. I92]. I
1,427,059. PatehtedAug. 22, 1922.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
A; a firidgfowd and efi z'dneg EIQZZWQ I warren e awatt? easier...
enema e; aarneroan Ann SIDNEY a. Borrow, on name, rumors; earn seasonASSIG-NOR TO SAID BRIDGFDRD.
MANIFOLD HEATER FOR, INTERNAIi-CQMBUSTIOllT ENGINES.
ll A27 $059.,
To allwhomit may concem: 4 Be it known that we, ARoHIE G. BRIDG- FORDand SIDNEY B. Bor/roN, citizens of the United States, residinrespectively, at.
Aledo, in the county ofl ercer and State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Manifold Heaters forInternal-Combustion Engines; and we do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and usethe same. I
The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and moreparticularly to a device for initially heating the intake manifold andfacilitating the starting of the engine.
An object of the present invention is to utilize the fuel of the engineto heat the in take manifold of an internal combustion engine in orderthat the gas in the manifold may be properly and completely vaporizedbefore entering the firing chambers of the engine.
Another object is the provision of a burner and admitting apredetermined charge of fuel into the burner, and the vaporizing of aportion of this fuel by coming in contact with electrically generatedheat. The balance of the charge of fuel is lighted by the ignition ofthe vaporized fuel engines is. particularly adapted to the starting ofengines in cold weather.
A further object of the present invention is to provide, an improvedheater which may be controlled and ignited from theinstru' ment board orother place of control of the internal combustion engine; which consumesthe usual fuel of the engine; and which may be started and lightedfrom'the source of current supply for the ignition of the engine.
Astill further object of the invention is to provide a manifold heaterof this type which is of relatively simple and compact construction,which comprises but few parts,
Specification of Letters Eatent. Patent fl Au 22 192% Application filedDecember 27, 1921. serial No. 525,108. 7
and which is so constructed that the various parts may be easilyseparated to admit access to the interior of the heater.
1W1th the fore oing and other objects in View, the invention will bemore fully described hereinafter, and will be more particularly pointedout in the claims appended hereto.
In the drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like or correspondingparts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1, is an end elevation of the heater as applied to a manifold.
Fig. 2, through the same.
Fig. 3, is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the heater andmanifold;-
F 1g. 4, s a diagrammatic view, illustrating the wiring for distributingthe source of electrical current.
Referring to the drawings, 10 designates a manlfold of any suitable typeprovided with the depending branch or intake portion 11, adapted to beconnected to the outlet to a carbureter. At the juncture of the parts 10and 11 of the manifold, is mounted a heater casing '12. The casing 12may be mountedin any suitable manner upon the manifold, and may even beintegraltherewith as shown. The casing 12 is provided with a cylindricalor drum portion 13 which is substantially concentric to the main portion10 of the manifold, and which provides a di-' The lower end of thecasing 12 has an air inlet 17 in the contracted bottom thereof foradmitting cold air in a restricted stream to the interior of the casing12 where the air is permitted to expand when heated. Above the air'inlet 17 is a cone or deflector 18 in the form of a receptacle havingopenings 19 in the bottom thereof, through which is a transverse sectiontakenthe air may rise. The walls of the re-- cepta'cle l8 converging attheir upper ends to provide an elongated relatively narrow slot throughwhich the flame is adapted to pass. The receptacle 18 is carried uponthe projects through the end wall of the casing and longitudinallytherein, and fits into an opening formed through the (Hlate 20 forholding the burner tuberigi y in place. The burner tube is held to thelate 20 by a screw lug 23 which is threa ed into the open end of theburner tube, and which has a flanged head over-lapping the plate 20 tobind thereagainst, and to bind against the end of the tube. providedwith an external flange 24, which is arranged to fit in a boss or socket.25 which is formed u on the exterior wall of the casing 12. T e boss 25is exteriorly threaded to receive a binding nut 26 thereover, and thenut is adapted to-work against the flange 24 for binding the burner tubein the casing. Fuel is conducted to the burner tube through a supplypipe 27, and" the. latter is provided with a measuring section 28located between a pair of valves 29 and 30, the stems 31 of which areconnected together by an operatin rod' 32. The valves 29 and 30 are sopositioned that when one valve is open, the othervalve is closed, andthe stems 31 are so connected to the rod 32 as to alternately shiftthese valves into open and closed positions. The burner tube 22 isarched downwardly, as at 33 to form a basin into which the fuel isadapted to drain from the opposite ends of the tube; thus insuring thecomplete consumption of each charge of fuel admitted to the tube.
For the purpose of initially heating and vaporizing the fuel in theburner tube 22, an electric resistance or heating coil 34 is mountedupon the inner end of the plug 23, and projects into the outer end ofthe tube 22. One end of'the heating coil 34 is grounded in the casing 12through the set screw 35 which is carried by the plug 23 and beneath'thehead of which one end of the. coil 34 is clamped. The other end of.
the coil 34 terminates in the wire 36, which leads to a contact 37mounted on a suitable support, such as upon the end of the cas-.
ing 12. The plate 20 carries a spark plug '38 which has an electrode 39,which extends 1nt o proximity to the burner tube 22, at a pointimmediately above the latter, and the burner tube has a slot or opening40 extending immediately over the basin 33, and which terminates at oneend in a projection 41, forming a second electrode, and which approachesthe electrode 39. The electrode 39 is connected through the barrel ofthe plug 38 in the usual manner to a wire, 42
which extends to the grounded secondary winding of a transformer 57. iIf desired, a thermostatic switch 44 may The burner tube 20 is grounded.
be secured through the wall of the casing 12, and grounded at one ,sidetherein. The switch 44 has a wire 45 leading therefrom and through thetelltale lam 46, and thence to a fixed contact 47 whic is located inproximity to the contacts 37 and 43. These contacts are preferablyarranged. in a hori= zontal row, and are of resilient-or springstructureso as to slidably engage the conductors 48, 49, and 50 of an insulatingblock 51, which is mounted on the rod 32. Shift- 'ing of the rod bringsthe conductors and the contacts into engagement with each other to closethe circuits and also separates the conductors from the contacts tobreak the circuits. As shown in Fig. 4, 52 illustrates the usual batteryof a motor vehicle, which is grounded, as at 53 and which at its. otherside is connected by wires 54 and 55 to the conductors 48 and 49respectively. The battery 52. has a third wire 56 which leads to theconductor 50, and the contact 43 of the latteris connected to theprimary of the transformer 57,'which primary is I In o eration, the rod32 is operated from an sultable convenient point to open the va ve 29,and close the valve 30. Durin such operation the pipe section 28 isfilled with fuel. The rod 32 is now moved in an opposite direction orinwardly to open the valve 30, and close the valve 29, whereupon acharge of fuel is admitted to the burner 22. As the rod 32 is movedinwardly or toward thecasing 12, the contacts 37, 43, and 47 are closedin their respective circuits with the battery 52, and the heatin coil 34is energized and caused to heat an evaporate the liquid fuel .in theburner tube 22. 4 At the same time, the transformer 57 produces the hightension current at the electrodes 39 and 41 and causes a spark to bridgethe gap at the slot 40 of the burner tube. This causes the ignition ofthe vapors generated by the heat coil 34.
When the telltale light 46 is used, the heat generatedwithin the casing12 operates the switch 44 when the heat rises to a predeterminedtemperature, and closes the circuit through the wire 45 and lamp 46 to11 actuate the latter, and impart a visual indication of the time whenthe desired temperature. is reached. -As soon as the light 46 isactuated, the rod 32 may then be ,shifted into an opposite position soas to break all of the circuits and to recharge the tube section-28 forsubsequent use. I
What is claimed is: I 1. In a manifold heater, a casing for en closingthe manifold and having openings in its topand' bottom, and at oneend,-a cover plate for said end, a burner tube mounted on said coverplate adapted to project into the casing for heating fuel therein, andignit ing, means carried by the cever plate ar= 130.
1,427,,oae
ranged to project over the burner tube for igniting vapor produced byheating fuel.
2. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose a manifold, aburner tubeprojecting from one end into the lower portion of the casing,means for feeding liquid fuel to the burner tube, a removable plateclosing the other end of the casing, heating means .rried by the plateand projectin into the ourner tube .for vaporizing fueI therein,ignition means carried by the plate and arranged-. oveif the burner tubefor igniting vaporized fuel, and a deflector casing carried by the plateand fitting over the tube to concentrate the flame when the vapor isignited.
3. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose the manifold, aburner tube projecting into one end of the casing, a cover plate closingthe other end of the casing, a plug carried by the cover-plate fordetachable engagement in the inner end of the burner tube to close thesame and hold the burner tube in place, a heating coil carried by saidplug and projecting into the burner tube for vaporizin the fuel therein,and an ignition plug carried by the plate and projecting over the outletof said burner tube to ignite the vaporized fuel.
4. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to enclose the manifold of aninternal combustion engine, a burner tube mounted in the lower part ofthe casing, a valved con-- nection between the burner tube and thesource of fuel supply of the engine for charging the tube with apredetermined quantity of fuel, heating means in the burner tube forvaporizing the fuel, igniting means arranged above the outlet of theburner tube for igniting the vapor issuing therefrom, a signal devicefor indicating the.
heating of the interior of the casing, and connections between theheater, the igniting means and the indicator, and the ignition circuitof the engine for vaporizing and in the casing above the slot in theburner tube for igniting, gas issuing therefrom, and a single meanscontrolling the delivery of fuel to the tube, and the energizing of saidheating unit and sparking means.
6. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to be arranged about amanifold, a burner tube arranged in thelower end of the casing, meansfor supporting one end of the tube in an end wall of the casing, saidother end wall of the casing having an openingtherethrough, a coverplate for said opening, a plug carriedby the cover plate adapted forbinding engagement in the burner tube for holding the same to the plate,heating means carried by the plug adapted to project into the tube, andigniting means carried by the plate and projecting into the casing forigniting the vapor rising from the burner tube.
7. In a manifold heater, a casing adapted to surround a manifold, aburner tube extending across the lower portion of the easing, a coneslidably fitting over the tube and rising above the same, a plugprojecting into the burner tube and having, a heating element thereonfor vaporizing fuel in the tube, igniting means in the casing projectinginto the cone above the burner tube, and a removable plate carried bythe casing for supporting said plu and said ignitin means.
RCI-IIE G. BR GFORD. SIDNEY B. BOLTON.
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2024-03-22
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1921-12-27
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-08-22"
}
|
US-1904218076-A
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Nut-lock.
' N0.v72,s11. PATENTED"0CT.18,1904. A. a. LUKEHART.
NUT LOOK.
APPLICATION FILED JULY 25. 1904.
N0 MODEL.
Q v avwqwtor Wwne/Aoeo v Zaire/0a 2w To all whom it may concern.-
15 it home.
4 of the bolt and nut.
Patented October 18, 1904.
UNITED STATES PATENT ,OFFICEQ ALBERT O. LUKEHART, OF FALLS CREEK,PENNSYLVANIA.
NUT-LOCK.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 772,811, dated October18, 1904..
Application filed July 25, 1904. 'Serial No. 218,076. (No model.)
Be it known that I, ALBERT O. LUKEHART,
a citizen of the United States, residing at Falls Creek, in the countyof Clear-field, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Nut-Locks; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear,
andexact description of the invention, such;
as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same.
sitionto which it may be turned in screwing There are two generalclasses of these devicesone in which no provision is made for turningthe nut-lock and another in which a retrograde movement of the nut isprovided for. -My invention belongs to the latter class and is designedfor the widest range of use.
My invention consists of a dog or pawl pivoted in a recess formed in thehead of the nut,
the free end of which dog is adapted to be 2 5 pressed by means of aspring into engagement with one of the ratchet-teeth of the several rowscut longitudinally in the threads of the bolts upon which the nuts areturned, and thus hold the nut against retrograde movement. 0 A spring orother device arranged in a recess in the opposite side or end of the nutis capable of being moved and, through an operative connection withthefirst-mentioned spring, of releasing the dog and allowing the spring tobe turned back, all as will be hereinafter more fully described inconnection with the annexed drawings, and letters of reference markedthereon, forming-a part of this specification.
Of the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation Fig. 2 is a top plan View.Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the nut, the bolt being shown insection. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the pawl.
Referring now to the drawings, a designates a bolt which may be of theform shown or any other needed for use. b is the nut, turned on thescrew-threaded part of'the bolt. The
latter has one or morelines or kerfs or ratchetteeth 0 cut therein, asshown, that may be en- 5 gaged by the end of the-dog or pawl d, ar-
ranged to operate in a recess formed in the bottom face of the nut, anda vertical shank 0 extends up in a recess formed in the side of the nutto the top, wherein in a top recess it is provided with aflat spring f,adapted to be operated vertically, so that it may be lifted up at itsouter end and moved laterally to one side or the other of a vertical lugg. A spring it in the bottom recess of the nut and which is controlledby the position of the flat spring f is arranged so that it may be madeto bear against the dog cl and hold it in engagement with theratchet-teeth formed on the screwthreads on the bolt.
In operation, the springf being moved out side the lug g, the pawl willbe released and the nut will be turned up or to any position it isdesired to have it, when the flat spring will be raised and moved overthe lug 9 inside of the same, and the spring 71 below will act on thedog (Z and cause it to engage a ratchettooth 0, formed on the thread ofthe bolt, and
hold the nut in fixed position.
The utility of the invention seems to be so obvious as not to call forexplanation. The
device is at once simple in construction and entirely efficientand'duralole. It is, as before stated, capable of a wide range of use,since there is nothing in the way of its employment where an ordinarynut may be used.
The nuts and bolts'may be made separately and sold as complete articlesof manufacture.
The observation is made that it is known that mechanical changes may bemade in the form and arrangement of parts without departing from thenature or spirit of the invention.
' What is claimed is-.
The nut for a bolt, hereinbefore set forth, having recessed faces, apawl in the lower face, a regulating-spring in its upper face, a lug inthe recess of the upper face on either side of which the cooperatingregulating-spring may be removed, and a connecting-shank between theregulating-spring and pawl, all combined and operating substantially asdescribed and illustrated.
In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.
ALBERT O. LUKEHART.
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2024-03-22
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1904-07-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1904-10-18"
}
|
US-53583831-A
|
Centrifugal blower
lll l llllllllll HIHII lllll mill ll /III VII will @I IIIIIII w; E.TRUMPLER ,CENTRIFUGAL BLowER Filed May s, 1'931 May 10, 1932.`
-Patented May Il), 1932' UITEDSTATES -PATENrfol-FICE i wxLLumi nm'aUuPLnn, or nnsroN, rnNNsYLvnNn, `essIeNon. To mcnnsommn CMIRAEI'Y',l0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY,
A `CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY' cniv'rmuear. Brom Application Med lay l8,1931. Serial' No. 535,838.
This invention relates to multi-stage centrifugal blowers, compressorsand the like, and more particularly to a diaphragm interposed betweenstages aof apparatus of this character.
One object of the invention is to avoid un-v due acceleration andconsequent pressure loss between stages.
f Another object is-to assure a comparativel l0 direct path off/flow forthe fluid from a di user chamber into the guideways leading to theeye ofa succeeding stage impeller.
Other objects willbe in partobvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.
In the drawings laccompanying this 'speciication and forming a partthereof,
Figure 1 is a sectlonal elevation of aportion of a centrifugal blowerequipped with a diaphragm constructed in accordance with 20 'thepractice of the invention,
Flgure 2 1s a transverse view takenthrough Figure 1 on the line 2 2looking in the direction indicated by the`arro`ws, and Figure 3 is a topplan view of the dia- 25 phragm. i c
Referringmore particularly to the drawings, the blower which isdesignated nercasing A is of larger diameter than-the impellers K' and Land the impellers are suitably spaced along the length of the shaft J toc permit the arran ment between adacent impellers of dialragms O whichare `so spaced with respect to each other as to form therebetweendiffuser chambers P into which the fluid charged. f
Each diaphragm O constructed in accordance with the practice of theinvention ma consist of upper and lower half-sections 4he sections Q andR and R respectively.
pumped by the impellers is disma be identical in all t eir essentialrespects an comprise outer and inner walls Sand TA which are connectedtogether by vanes U, shown in this instance as being of'involute `shapeto form correspondingy sha d guideways V through which the uid ows fromthe diffuser chamber P to the eye W of a succeeding stage impeller.
In order that the fluid-may flow from the diiuser chamberP into theadjacent guide- 'ways V' along a path of minimum tortuosity the wall Sis provided with suitable notches or recesses X which are denedb a.portion Y of the peripheral 4surfaces of the vanes U comparing the,present "structure with diaphragms as heretofore constructed and in 1which a pair of circular walls of different diameterv are held in spacedrelation by vanes disposed therebetween to form guideways through whichlthe fluid flows from the diiuser'chamber to a succeeding stageimpeller.f
In blowers'as at present constructed, however, the wall of smallerdiameter and which wouldtherefore correspond to the Wall S of thepresent structure, being circular and extending with its periphery to atleast the outer Vends' of the vanes, requires rthat the pressure fluidmake an abrupt or right-angle turn, to pass thereover to the inlet'opening of the guideways and therefore a second right-angle turninentering the guideways. The fluid must, in view of this arrangement,follow an extremel tortuous'fpathL from the diffuser chambers into theguideways with consequent undesirable acceleration and considerablepressure loss. This is of course highly objectionable in apparatus Iofthis character and in which, unlike compressors of the reciprocatorytype, the pressure of the Huid is not increased by very substantialvalues in individual stages.
. As `is of 'course well known, owing tothe work of compression thetemperature of the fluid increases progressively duringits passagethrough the several stages of the blower. In' other words,`thetemperature of the fluid flowing through the diffuser chamber P as-vsociated with the impeller K and which, for this purpose,'may beconsidered as being the first stage impeller, is increased considerablyabove atmospheric temperature, and the temperature is again increasedduring the pas-4 sages ofthe fluid through the impellerL and itsdiffuser chamber P. f
Unless effectively restrained the heat of the fluid of higher value willbe transmitted to adjacent guideways and diffuser chambers and beabsorbed lby the fluid flowing therethrough, thus 4causing areduction'in'the efciency of the blower. y i.
In view .fof the foregoing facts it is contemplated to insulate theguideways V from the diffuser chamber P of a succeeding stage. To thisend the diaphragm O is rovided with an additional wall e to form aounding surface for the' diffuser chamber P associated with thesucceeding stage impeller, as for instance the impeller L., The wall e,which is connected at its ends with the wall T, is suitably spaced withrespect to the wall T to form therebetween an annular insulating'chamber f which may be either an air pocket or, as shown, may be usedas a water jacket to effect an additional cooling of the fluid flowinfrover the walls T and e.
n order to render the space f capable for use as a water jacket thediaphragm is providedy in its periphery with a port gv throu h which swater may be introduced into tie chamber f. Such water may be conveyedto the chamber f by a connection h threaded into the casing A andcommunicating with a groove j in the periphery of the diaphragm 0.
Preferably the diaphragm O is provided on its periphery with a pair ofribs k which are located on opposite sides of the groove j and extendinto an internal oove o in the casing A to conveniently maintain thediaphragm O in the proper position relatively to the impellers K and L,and also to effect a suitable fluid tight joint at this point betweenadjacent dilfuserchambers,
In practice, the present invention has been found to be extremelyeilicient. By means of the arrangement described a comparatively directpath has been provided for the fluid from the diffuser chamber P intothe guideways No portion of the path followed by the fluid from thedifuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller is restricted and, as aresult thereof, the conversion of the velocity of.the luid'into pressuremaybe elliciently brought about. Moreover, by insulating the gudeways Vfrom the comparatively high temperature prevailing in the diffuserchamber of a succeeding stage, the temperature of the fluid-flowingthrough the guidewaysis in no wise increase above the value containedupon the discharge of the iuidfrom theimmediately preceding stageimpeller.
1. A multi-stage centrifugal blower including a plurality of impellers,diffuser chambers vto receive the fluid from the impellers, a diaphragmbetween adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guidewaysto`convey fluid from a diuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller,and a wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways and havingnotches through which fluidl flows to the inlet openings of theguideway's.
2. A'multi-stage centrifugal blower -including a plurality of impellers,diffuser chambers to receive the fluid from the im- 'pellers, adiaphragm between adjacent impellers', vanes on the diaphragm 'formingguideways to convey Huid from a' diffuser chamber to a succeeding stageimpeller, and a wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways andhaving portions of its periphery coincident with portions of the outersurfaces iof'the vanes, said wall having stepped portions extending fromthe outer ends of the asuman vanes to intermediate portions of adjacentvanes.
3. A multi-stage centrifugal blower including a plurality of impellers,diffuser chambers to receive the fluid from the impellers, a diaphragmbetween adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guideways toconvey'luid from a diffuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, anda wall formin a closure for one side of the guideways am? havingrecesses therein to enable Huid to flow over intermediate portions ofthe vanes to the inlet openings of adjacent guideways.
4. A multi-stage centrifugal blower in cluding a plurality of impellers,diffuser chambers to receive the duid from the impellers, a diaphragmvbetween adjacent impellers, vanes on the diaphragm forming guideways toconvey fluid from a diffuser chamber to a succeeding stage impeller, a.wall forming a closure for one side of the guideways and having recessestherein to enable Huid to flow over intermediate portions ofthe vanes tothe inlet openings of adjacent guideways, and means on the diaphragm toform an insulatin chamber be- .tween the guideways and a di userchamber.
In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.
' WILLIAM E. TRUMPLER.
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2024-03-22
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1931-05-08
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-05-10"
}
|
US-46033065-A
|
Electrical contact with screw terminal and pressure-lock terminal
June 13, 1967 R. G. MUNROE 3,325,?68
ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH SCREW TERMINAL AND PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL FiledJune 1, 1965 INVENTOR. RONALD G. MUNROE BY lui mn A T TORNE Y5 UnitedStates Patent 3,325,768 ELECTRICAL CONTACT WITH SCREW TERMINAL ANDPRESSURE-LGCK TERMINAL Ronald G. Munroe, Old Bridge, N.J., assignor toEagle Electric Mfg. Co., Inc., Long island City, N.Y., a corporation ofNew York Filed June 1, 1965, Ser. lo. 460,330 8 Claims. (Cl. 33995) Thisinvention relates to an electrical contact which is combined with bothascrew terminal and an integral pressure-lock.
Pressure-lock terminals have recently become popular for home electricaldevices, particularly those which are designed for installation by ahouseholder. This is quite understandable because they are extremelyeasy to connect in circuit, requiring simply stripping the insulationofi the end of a conductor and thrusting the exposed tip of the metalcore into an opening in the insulating housing for the electricaldevice. Typical pressure-lock terminals are disclosed in United StatesLetters Patent Nos. 2,705,785 dated Apr. 5, 1955, and 2,952,831 datedSept. 13, 1960, it being understood that reference thereto is merelyexemplificative and not restrictive. However, pressure-lock terminals donot invariably provide an acceptable or even desirable electricalconnection.
Frequently electrical devices of the character described which includeelectrical terminals are installed behind a wall surface and in such acase it may be a violation of an electrical code to employ apressure-lock terminal connection. It also may be considered undesirablebecause a settling of a house might exert sufiicient pressure on such aconnection to open it, in which event the bare core of the electricalwire would be exposed and be the possible cause of a hidden shortcircuit. Furthermore, under some conditions, it may be desirable inaddition to connecting the wire system of a house to an electricaldevice, to make a further connection from such electrical device to afurther electrical device, in other words, to eifect a junction betweentwo wires at an electrical device. Pressure-lock terminals are notconstructed for the admission of two wires, nor do they in their presentform lend themselves readily to modification for this purpose. On theother hand, a screw type terminal provides an arrangement that canitself, or with suitable modifications, be employed to eifect aconnection between two metal wire cores. Hence, there will be occasionswhen it is desirable to have a pressure-lock terminal available andother occasions when it would be useful to have an electrical screwterminal available.
The present conventional type of pressure-lock terminal does not lenditself to combination with a screw terminal. A pressure-lock terminal ischaracterized by the provision of a cantilever-mounted spring tonguehaving a tip arranged near, and at an angle to, a stationary anvilthereby provide a narrow gap into which the tip of the metal core of anelectric conductor is thrust, the angle between the spring and the anvilon the side of the tongue at which the conductor is introduced beingacute so that the conductor can easily cam its way into and through thegap but will be engaged by the tip of the tongue acting as a retrogradecheck or spur that digs into the wire conductor to prevent itsaccidental withdrawal.
It has been the practice in present-day pressure-lock terminals to makethe cantilever tongue that is employed of light gauge spring stockinasmuch as the flexing action of the tongue must take place in crampedquarters and the tongue must not otter too much resistance to theintroduction of a metal conductor. Thus, in a duplex electricalreceptacle which is one popular site for pressurelock terminals thepressure-lock tongue has its tip adjacent the bridge that connects thetwo electrical contacts 3,325,768 Patented June 13, 1967 of thereceptacle and the tongue is in one piece with such bridge so that itmust experience an appreciable degree of angular movement for properoperation. Hence, it is particularly desirable that the tongue andbridge be of rather slight thickness in order to enable it to experiencethe requisite degree of flexing.
Due to the necessary lightness, that is to say, thin gauge of metal thatmust be used, to allow the tongue to flex under the foregoingcircumstances, it has not been possible until now to combine apressure-lock terminal with a screw terminal unless there additionallyis employed a stitfening piece of metal, such for instance as a smallsteel plate, which is clamped or welded to the bridge between thecontacts, which plate is sufficiently strong to be apertured and tappedfor reception of the terminal screw. Although it is not structurallyimpractical to use the extra metal plate in order to accomplish theabove described function, in a business where parts are made inextremely large quantities by mass production and where manufacturingcosts are under retail pressure for low pricing, the addition of theextra plate and its attachment to the bridge is not looked upon withfavor.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a combinedpressure-lock and screw terminal which is not subject to the foregoingdrawbacks.
It is another object of the invention to provide a combinedpressure-lock and screw terminal in which the pressure-lock terminal andthe means for threadably receiving the screw are unitary, i.e., of asingle piece.
It is another object of the invention to provide a device of thecharacter described constituting a combined unitary, that is to say, onepiece, contact, pressure-lock terminal and support for a terminal screw.
It is another object of the invention to provide a device of thecharacter described which is so designed that the pressure-lock terminalcan be made of heavier stock than presently is employed so that the samestock can serve to provide a tapped opening for the reception of aterminal screw.
It is another object of the invention to provide a device of thecharacter described which is so designed that the pressure-tongue isfashioned from what otherwise would be waste stock, so that the devicecan be made at a particularly low cost. In this latter connection it isobserved that in a combined contact and pressure-lock terminal, such asheretofore has been conventional, the pressuretongue was formed from anadditional width of stock which therefore gave rise to considerablewaste, the recovery value of which was negligible since it had to besold for reclaiming as scrap. On the other hand, pursuant to the presentinvention, where the pressure-tongue is arranged to be blanked out ofwhat otherwise would be scrap, an appreciable savings is effected.
It is another object of the invention to provide a device of thecharacter described in which, despite the consolidation of thepressure-lock with a screw terminal, said lock nevertheless is efiicientand elfective in operation and will provide an attachment to a wireconnector that is at least as firm as that presently etfected bypressure-lock terminals of light gauge stock.
Other objects of the invention in part will be obvious and in part willbe pointed out hereinafter.
The invention accordingly consists inthe features of construction,combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will beexemplified in the device hereinafter described and of which the scopeof application will be indicated in the appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings in Which is shown one of the variouspossible embodiments of the invention,
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a duplex receptacle employing combinedcontacts, pressure-lock terminals and screw terminals in accordance withthe present inven- 3 tion, said receptacle having one lateral half ofits top housing removed to show a part of the interior of the receptaclewith the associated combined contacts and terminals;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 22of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view takensubstantially along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1 and illustrating theconstruction of the pressure-tongue, the cantilever-mounted base thereofand the anvil against which the pressure-tongue urges a bare metalconductor wire;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a combined unitary pair of contacts,pair of pressure-lock terminals, bridge and pair of mounts for terminalscrews, a fragment of one of the mounts being broken away to expose forillustrative purposes the tip of one of the pressure-tongues;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a band of metal stock showing the outlinesof successive blanks for devices of the present invention which will becut out therefrom; and
FIG. 6 is a side view of the receptacle.
In general, the several objects of the present invention are achieved bymaking the pressure-lock and contact .components of the instant devicefrom comparatively heavy electrically conductive sheet metal stockrather than the light stock that has been employed heretofore forpressure-lock terminals and contacts, such previous stock having beentoo light to conveniently provide a tapped bore for reception of a screwterminal. Particularly good results have been accomplished where thestock of the combined one-piece contacts and terminals constitutes extrahard brass approximately three one-hundredths of an inch in thickness.This is a rather stiif stock. It is much too heavy for use in apresent-day pressure-lock terminal of standard construction where itwould render the pressure-tongue too stiff to be flexed by introductionof a standard bare conductor wire. However, such heavy stiif brass stockis conventionally employed at the present time for electrical contactsthat do not have unitary pressure-lock terminals, i.e., for electricalcontacts in general and for electrical contacts that have screw typeterminals. Thus, the stock is sufiiciently flexible, even though stiff,for use as an electrical contact component. The requisite additionalflexibility, to wit: flexibility beyond that necessary for use as acontact, in order to employ this stock as a pressure-lock tongue, isobtained by spacing the cantilever-mounted base of the tongue aconsiderable distance from the anvil with which the tip of the tonguecooperates. Heretofore, as has been noted above, the anvil for thetongue conventionally has constituted the bridge which extended betweena pair of contacts of a duplex receptacle. In accordance with thepresent invention, the anvil now constitutes a flange adjacent thecontact which flange is spaced at the maximum practical distance fromthe cantilever-mounted base of the pressure-tongue. It has been foundthat within the dimensions prevailing in a duplex receptacle, suchspacing imparts sufficient flexibility to the stiff brass stock toenable the pressure-tongue to function properly.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, the reference numeral 10denotes a duplex bayonet plug receptacle which is a type of electricaldevice that can utilize the present invention to good advantage inasmuchas the housing of the device, save for its front face, is, in use,located behind a wall surface. Other electrical devices which also canefiicaciously employ the present invention are, by way of example,single and triple bayonet plug receptacles, screw base receptacles andwall switches.
The duplex receptacle 10 includes a housing -12 of;electricallynon-conductive material, e.g., a thermo-setting plastic such as aphenol-formaldehyde condensation resin. The housing is composed of a tophousing part 14 and a bottom housing part 16. These parts are molded toprovide the usual conventional external shape and a suitablesubstantially conventional internal shape which is proper to receive andsupport the contacts and terminals.
In particular, the top housing part 14 is formed with the customarypairs of bayonet-passing slots 18, two pairs of these slots beingincluded because the device is a duplex receptacle. Also present in theduplex receptacle herein illustrated, but not as a part of theinvention, are a pair of grounding slots 20. Thus the receptacle isdesigned to receive a plug, not shown, having a pair of parallel bayonetpower prongs of flat blade-like configuration and a third bayonetgrounding prong which may be of circular cross-section or of across-section in the form of a rectangle with one arcuate side.
The top housing part 14 is molded to include a central longitudinalseparator 22 and the bottom housing part to include a centrallongitudinal separator 24, said separators being interengaged internallyof the receptacle to subdivide the interior of the housing into twolongitudinal compartments 26. A portion of each compartment extends intothe bottom of the top housing part and the remainder into the top of thebottom housing part.
The separators 22, 24 are relieved for lightness and economy and also toaccommodate a mounting strap 28 and a grounding strap (not shown). Theends of the grounding strap include downwardly extending legs which formgrounding contacts 30, each of which is located slightly inwardly of adifferent grounding slot 20 so as to be engaged by a grounding pronginserted into the some. The grounding strap is made of a thin resilientelectrit ally conductive metal such as phospho-bronze.
The mounting strap is conventional and comprises plated iron sheet metalshaped to the usual form halving outwardly extending ends 32 configuredfor ready engagement to a structural element of a building or to a metaloutlet box. The central portion of the mounting strap passes between thetwo separators 22, 24 and said strap .is held in place by a metal rivet34 that extends through registered holes in the strap and the top andbottom housing parts. The same rivet also extends through the groundingstrap which is in face-to face contact "with the under surf-ace of themounting strap.
As is customary, the rivet is tapped for reception of a screw that isemployed to hold the escuthceon plate for the receptacle. Therebyagrounding connection is provided from the grounding contacts through therivet and mounting strap 28 to the outlet box which, in accordance withstandard practice, is grounded.
Located in each of the compartments 26, is a different contact-terminaldevice 36 embodying the present invention. Since these devices areidentical only one will be described.
Each device incldes a body portion constituting two co-planar flatshanks 38 separated by a deep locating notch 49 which is adapted toengage a locating ridge 42, transversely disposed in and molded inone-piece with the bottom housing part 16 so as to insure properlengthwise positioning of the contact-terminal device within thereceptacle. The two shanks 28 are firmly tied together by a junctionspan 44 in the form of a flat nib which projects upwardly and outwardlyaway from the shanks 38 in order to clear the top housing part 14. Thecorners of the bottom edge of the nib are in one-piece with the adjacentupper inside corners of the shanks 38 and indeed all parts of thecontact-terminal device are formed from a single piece of stock, thisbeing the comparatively heavy electrically conductive extra-hard brassstock to which reference heretofore has been made.
The flat shanks 38 are of rectangular shape and are in lengthwisealignment. The two said shanks together with the junction span jointlyform what will, upon occasion, hereinafter be referred to as acontact-bridge inasmuch as these three elements together constitute thatpart of the contact-terminal device which extends between, physicallyand electrically connects, and supports contacts at its ends. Forreference purposes, the different edges of each flat shank will bedesignated as follows: 38:: the inner side edge, 38b the bottom edge,38c the top edge and 3811 the outer side edge.
In said duplex receptacle, each of the side walls 45 of the bottomhousing part is formed with a closely positioned pair of broad deepthrough notches 46, each of which extends down from an open mouth at thetop edge of the wall. The notches are separated by the locating ridge42. The flat shanks 33 are disposed adjacent the inner face of the sidewall 45 and thus are exposed to a substantial extent through the notches46. The inner edges 38a of the shanks rest against the side surfaces ofthe locating ridge.
The thus exposed portion of each shank 38 is centrally apertured toprovide an opening 48. Desirably the openings are initially formed to asmaller than required diameter, as by punching, and then subsequentlyare enlarged by a drawing pin which raises a squat annular flange on theinner surface of the shank. The opening 48 and the associated flange aretapped to receive a terminal screw 50. Thus, there are two such terminalscrews on each side of the duplex receptacle, each affiliated pair ofscrews being engaged to a different contact-terminal device and beingconnected to a different side of the electric line. These screws may beemployed to make an electrical connection from the house wiring systemto the contactbridges or they may be employed to effect an electricalconnection between two house wires at the receptacle or they may beemployed to effect an electrical connection from the receptacle to ahouse wire which supplies electrical energy to a different electricaldevice. It will be appreciated that in the foregoing manner a simplescrew-terminal has been consolidated into the contact-terminal device36. The screw-terminal is readily and easily accessible and does notinterfere with either the contacts or the pressure-lock terminals soonto be described.
If desired, the tips of the screws 54) may be staked to preventinadvertent withdrawal of the same from the tapped opening 48.
It will be observed (see FIG. 1) that the powerprong receiving slots 18are spaced laterally inwardly from the side walls 45 of the bottomhousing part. Since the effectively plane contact-bridge lies againstthe internal surface of the associated side wall of the receptacle andsince the contact-bridge is in one-piece with the contacts, it isnecessary to provide the contact-terminal device with laterally inwardlyextending offset flange 52 at each end thereof, this being customary inthe art, to align the contacts with the slots. Each flat shank 38accordingly has an offset flange 52 formed in one-piece therewith at itsouter side edge 38d. The flanges are perpendicular to the shanks andextend inwardly from the edges 33d, said flanges serving as intermediateconventional supports connecting the contact-bridge wit-h contacts 54 atopposite ends of the device.
The contacts 54 may be of any desired structure which is such as tolocate contact elements in operable positions below the associatedpower-prong passing slots 18. Thus each contact may consist of only asingle contact blade or, as shown, it may consist of a pair of opposedcontact blades, the latter being more customary because it provides amore certain and higher physical pressure engagement between the contactand a power prong. The particular contact structure illustrated isdesirable because it enables a minimum width of band to be employed forblanking of the devices 36 therefrom; accordingly, its construction willbe detailed.
The contact 54 includes two opposed blades, to wit: an outer blade 56and an inner blade 58 (see FIG. 4). Said blades have substantialportions thereof mutually coextensive and are located behind anaffiliated slot 18 so that a power prong will be in line with the zonebetween the blades. The outer blade 56 is parallel to the nearby sidewall of the receptacle. The inner blade 58 6 may likewise be parallelthereto but preferably, and as shown, is tilted at a slight angle to theouter blade so that the outermost edges of the blades touch one anotheras shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, While the opposite edges of the blades areslightly spaced apart. The upper ends of the blades have angled lead-intips 60 to cam an improperly introduced power prong into the zonebetween the blades. The outer blade 46 is connected by a right angledstub leg 62 to the edge of the offset flange 52. The inner blade 58 isconnected by a longer acutely angled leg 64 to the edge of the offsetflange. The two legs 62, 64 are respectively located at the upper andlow regions of the inner edge of the offset flange, that is to say, thetwo legs are at different non-overlapping elevations on thecontactterminal device. To increase the resiliency of the mounting ofthe inner blade 58, the leg 64 is longer than necessary to place theinner blade in juxtaposition to the outer blade and the additionallength is formed into a bight 66.
The usual dimple 68 is indented into the outer surface of the outerblade so as to raise a corresponding locking protuberance 70 on theinner face of said blade.
To aid in inhibiting longitudinal shifting of the contactbridge, the twooffset flanges 52 at the opposite ends of said bridge engage ribs 72, 73formed internally of the bottom housing part 16.
As thus far described, it will be apparent that the contact-terminaldevice has the approximate shape of a very shallow U with out-turnedtips at the ends of its legs. The base of the U constitutes thecontact-bridge which is composed of the pair of shanks 38 joined by thespan 44, the legs of the U constitute the offset flanges 52 and theout-turned tips at the ends of legs constitute the contact structure 54.The resemblance of the device to a shallow U is of importance inconsidering the arrangement now to be described for the construction ofpressurelock terminals 74.
It already has been pointed out that a pressure-lock terminalessentially is composed of two elements, to wit: an anvil and apressure-tongue. The anvil in the pressurelock terminal 74 is the offsetflange 52. The pressuretongue is denoted by the reference numeral 76 andbest can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The pressure-tongue is in the shape of an elongated narrow strip that isin one piece with the contact-terminal device and has a flat base 78extending from that part of the bottom edge 38b of the affiliated flatshank 38 which is next to the inner edge 38a. Said base 78 is orientedperpendicular to the plane of the flat shank. Except for the base 78 thepressure'tongue is unconnected to the edge 38!) so that it is free toflex. The pressure-tongue includes an arched portion 8% extending overapproximately and unitarily joined at one end to the base 78. Saidarched portion extends downwards, away from the shank and then curlsback toward the shank at its other end. From its said other end thearched portion tangentially runs into an intermediate reach 82 that liesat an angle of about 120 to the base 78 and crosses the bottom of theshank. The intermediate reach in turn supports a terminal reach 84 thatlies at an angle of about to the base so that said reach makes an angleof approximately 45 to the anvil 52.
The tip of the terminal reach is close to the offset flange (anvil) 52,the spacing therebetween being less than the diameter of the smallestbare conductor wire that will be used to make a connection to thereceptacle. Preferably, the corner of the tip which faces the anvil issubstantially square in order thereby to obtain an efficientpressure-locking effect.
The zone between the tip of the terminal reach and the anvil is spacedabout midway between the upper and lower edges 33c, 33!; of the shankand an opening 88 is formed in the bottom wall 86 of the bottom housingpart 16 in registry with said zone to admit a bare conductor wire 90. Aswill be seen in FIG. 3, when said wire is thrust into the opening 88 itwill be guided into the space he tween the terminal reach and the offsetflange due to the angled inclination of the reach 84. The bare conductorwire will force the reach away from the anvil so as to permit the wireto be introduced into the zone between the anvil and the corner of thetip of the terminal reach. Once the bare conductor wire is emplaced, asshown in FIG. 3, any force tending to withdraw it will cause thepressure-tongue to dig into the wire so that the tongue acts on aretrograde checking pawl which prevents withdrawal of the wire.
An unlocking opening 92 is formed in the base wall 86 alongside the wireinsertion opening 88 and in line with the intermediate reach 82 (seeFIG. 3). When it is desired to release a Wire held by the pressure-lockterminal, the tip of a slender rigid instrument, such as a screw driver,is inserted into the opening 92 and pressed against the intermediatereach, causing the terminal reach to flex away from the anvil andthereby releasing the wire 90 caught thereunder.
It will be observed that because of the substantial space whichconventionally is provided between the center of a contact-bridge and anoffset flange, the length of a pressure-tongue that extends over saidspace in a non-linear fashion, is sufliciently great to permit thetongue to flexreadily when a bare conductor wire end is pressed againstits terminus; this, despite the comparative heaviness and stiffness ofthe stock from which the contact-terminal device is fabricated and whichare required for proper formation of a tapped opening to receive athreaded terminal screw. The non-linear configuration of thepressuretongue between its base and its tip, and to which reference justhas been made, results from both the arched portion 80 which extendsfirst downwardly from the base and then back up toward the tip of thetongue and the location of the tip of the tongue high on the offsetflange, e.g., between /3 and /2 of the height of the flange from thebottom edge 38b.
In order to accommodate said arched downwardly protruding portion, thebottom wall 186 of the bottom housing part is locally depressed beneathsaid portion to include a well 94 shown in FIG. 3, one edge of the wellconstituting an edge of the unlocking opening 92.
The low point of the arched portion is disposed close to the bottomsurface of the well 94 and, preferably, will engage the same when idle.However the full length of the tongue, from its base to its tip, willflex when a wire is introduced.
Attention is directed to the fact that the unique structure and mountingof the pressure-tongue which enables it to cooperate with the offsetflange as a presure-lock has an additional advantage which is notapparent at first glance. This is that the pressure-tongue isconstituted from that part of the original band stock which otherwisewould be scrap, so that the pressure-lock tongue can be included in thedevice without increasing the width of band of sheet metal stockrequired, or the length along the stock for each device. To illustratethe foregoing, in FIG. 5 there is shown a short length of band stockwith a series of successive contact-terminal devices laid out in theflat thereon. The parts of the blank have been numbered in the samefashion as the corresponding parts of the finished device except for theopenings 96 which subsequently are enlarged and flanged to form thetapped openings 48. From inspection of FIG. 5 it will be seen that theleadin tips of the contact blades protrude above the top edges 380 ofthe flat shanks 38 and that the space between these tips which in partincludes the junction span 44 and which otherwise would be waste, isoccupied by the pressuretongues 74.
Also as seen in FIG. 5, the terminal reach 84 is somewhat narrower thanthe intermediate reach 82. Inasmuch as the intermediate reach is widerthan the offset flange, the reduction in width matches the width of theterminal reach to that of the offset flange.
It thus will be seen that there is provided a device which achieves theseveral objects of this invention and which is well adapted to meet theconditions of practical use.
As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention,and as various changes might be made in the embodiment set forth, it isto be understood that all matter herein described or shown in theaccompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.
Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:
1. In a combined contact and pressure-lock terminal, a shank having abottom edge and a side edge, said edges being at right angles to oneanother, a flange on said side edge for connection with and support of acontact, said flange extending inwardly at right angles to said shankand constituting an anvil of a pressure-lock terminal, said terminalfurther including a pressure-tongue cooperating with said anvil, saidpressure-tongue including a base cantilever-connected to and extendinginwardly from the bottom edge of the shank remotely from the said sideedge and adjacent the opposite side edge, the entire length of saidtongue, except the base, being free of the shank, the tip of said tonguebeing angled upwardly away from the bottom edge of the shankto terminateclose to but spaced from the flange a distance therefrom less than thediameter of a bare conductor wire, said pressure-tongue including anintermediate section between the base of the tongue and the tip thereof,said intermediate section extending from the base of the tonguedownwardly away from the bottom edge of the shank and then reversing toextend upwardly and cross the bottom edge of the shank, said shank,flange and pressure-tongue being formed of a single piece of heavy stiffelectrically conductive sheet metal stock.
2. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediatesection includes an arched portion connected to the base and in excessof and less than 180 in length, said arched portion terminating at theend thereof remote from the base in an intermediate reach.
3. A combination as set forth in claim 2 wherein the intermediate reachis a tangential extension of the arched portion.
4. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the base of thepressure-tongue is perpendicular to the shank.
5. A combination as setforth in claim 4 wherein the base of thepressure-tongue is also perpendicular to the flange.
6. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein the shank isrectangular.
7. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein means is included todefine a tapped opening in the shank for reception of a terminal screw.
8. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein means is included todefine a tapped opening in the shank and wherein a terminal screw isengaged in said opening.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1960 Ehrlich 339- 9/1961 Smith339164
1. IN A COMBINED CONTACT AND PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL, A SHANK HAVING ABOTTOM EDGE AND A SIDE EDGE, SAID EDGES BEING AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONEANOTHER, A FLANGE ON SAID SIDE EDGE FOR CONNECTION WITH AND SUPPORT OF ACONTACT, SAID FLANGE EXTENDING INWARDLY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO SAID SHANKAND CONSTITUTING AN ANVIL OF A PRESSURE-LOCK TERMINAL, SAID TERMINALFURTHER INCLUDING A PRESSURE-TONGUE COOPERATING WITH SAID ANVIL, SAIDPRESSURE-TONGUE INCLUDING A BASE CANTILEVER-CONNECTED TO AND EXTENDINGINWARDLY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK REMOTELY FROM THE SAID SIDEEDGE AND ADJACENT THE OPPOSITE SIDE EDGE, THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF SAIDTONGUE, EXCEPT THE BASE, BEING FREE OF THE SHANK, THE TIP OF SAID TONGUEBEING ANGLED UPWARDLY AWAY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK TOTERMINATE CLOSE TO BUT SPACED FROM THE FLANGE A DISTANCE THEREFROM LESSTHAN THE DIAMETER OF A BARE CONDUCTOR WIRE, SAID PRESSURE-TONGUEINCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE SECTION BETWEEN THE BASE OF THE TONGUE AND THETIP THEREOF, SAID INTERMEDIATE SECTION EXTENDING FROM THE BASE OF THETONGUE DOWNWARDLY AWAY FROM THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK AND THENREVERSING TO EXTEND UPWARDLY AND CROSS THE BOTTOM EDGE OF THE SHANK,SAID SHANK, FLANGE AND PRESSURE-TONGUE BEING FORMED OF A SINGLE PIECE OFHEAVY STIFF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SHEET METAL STOCK.
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2024-03-22
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1965-06-01
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-06-13"
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US-2780935-A
|
Process of preparing custard filling
June 22, 1937. l. H. HALL 2,084,640
PROCESS OF PREPARING CUSTARD FILLING Filed June 21, 1935' 5 l lqveryforl. H. mm
PM June 22, 1931 UNITED STATES.
PATENT OFFICE-'7' rnocnss F PREPARING cusrm FILLING v Iphus Harvey Hall,Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Application June 21, 1935, Serial No. 27,809
4 Claims.
Before describing the ingredients and process of building up thecompound, a general description of the defects found in custards, thedifiiculties encountered in their making, and an analysis 5 of thecauses leading up and relating thereto is in order, that a betterunderstanding of the advantages to be derived from the use of thecompound will be secured.
The baker is very often puzzled by characteristics or phenomena whichpresents themselves in a finished custard. Splendid results may beattained over a long period, and then suddenly, they will developepeculiar properties which are extremely annoying both from asatisfactory baking standpoint and the" fact that the delicatessenbecomes almost, if not wholly, unsaleable.
Cracking of the custard ceiling or deep seams scarring across the facethereof is one of the most common annoyances. Sometimes the finlshedcustard has a spongy texture indicating a separation of the colloidalstructure into little pockets or cells. Apparently these cells arebrought about by liquidwhich has collected in air pockets where theyhave been turned into vapor by the heat and then built up a tension onthe surrounding walls.
.A third condition which very often arises in conjunction with the firstis the so-called watering of custard, sometimes called weeping orwheying off. Water begins to appear close to the crust and fine crevicesbegin to form which are usually filled with water. Sometimes thisweeping and separation in combination with the spongy texture of thecustard structure produces a soaking of the crust and the wet appearanceand soggy taste renders it edibly undesirable as a dessert. In manycases the custard shrinks after cooling leaving enlarged pores ortunnels above the crust giving a wasted away appearance 0 while thecrust has a cheesy taste. With this type of custard, molds quicklydevelope necessitating early consumption to avoid loss.
Then there is the development of a heavy starchy layer which lies nextto the crust and 5 over which a ver,-y fine but delicate custardstructure is formed. This too, often makes its appearance without anywarning, and as often disappears as unaccountable as it came.
Another source of annoyance is custard dis- 50 coloration. Custard, asevery baker knows, should have a very attractive yellow color due to theeggs used in its manufacture. This color sometimes takes on a greenishcaste while the fiavor is invariably bitter.
5 The above undesirable qualities in finished custards are the result of(1st) the amount of sugar employed, (2nd), too much agitation in thestirring of the milk, cggsand other ingredients at the time ofpreparation, (3rd), improper length of time or temperature in cooking,(4th), it may 5 be caused by organisms which have become engendered inthe custard filling directly after baking, or (5th), using corn starchas a thickening agent. v
A change in the quantity of sugar used brings 10 about a change in thespecific gravity of the prepared filling or in other words, as theamount of sugar is decreased in the filling, the density of the solutionbecomes lower. The result is that a lower temperature will boil thefilling. At a given cooking temperature with insufficient sugar, thefilling would become cooked or set before the upper surface becomescaramelized and a continuation of the heat to color the surface willcause the filling to boil and destroy the structure of the custard dueto the emitting vapor.
From the above, it will be apparent that the ideal quantity of sugarwould be; when a given temperature will cook or set the filling at thesame time the upper surface becomes caramelized. The exactitude of theamount can be appreciated.
Sugar also plays an important part in the amount of sweetness of thefinished custard and the texture of the filling. The more sugar, thesmoother and softer the texture. An extreme shortage of sugar willproduce a cheesy taste which quickly forms molds.
With the above information, the troubles of the baker can be appreciatedwhen it is noted that he must provide a filling which will set'at thesame time that .the upper surface caramelizes, secure the proper amountof sweetness and the right texture when all four are controlled by theamount of sugar with a slight variation in 40 the temperature and lengthof time in the cooking.
Due to the heavy viscosity of the liquid, forming the filling, too muchagitation in the preparation thereof causes air bubbles to be formed orwhipped therein. The quantity of air that it will retain depends uponthe physical properties of the filling.
As the custard remains in the oven, it absorbs heat, causing itstemperature to go up. It finally reaches a point where the fillingbecomes a gel. When this state is reached, the viscous character of thefilling will resist the tension produced by the vapor, which formsduring baking, and the result will be a spongy structure. If thecustard'is permitted toremain in the oven after it has set, or after the,gel has been formed,
it finally reaches a temperature at which vapor is generated within itsstructure. The vapor of it collects at different places, it causes thegel to break. The cracking or breaking down of the custard ceiling, thehoneycomb structure of the filling and the weeping or wheying ofipreviously mentioned is attributed to this cause.
The fourth difficulty encountered in custards relates to the effect ofthe hydrogen ion concentration on the baking characteristics of thecustard or in other words when the pH value of the filling varies fromthe acid side to the alkaline.
The baker has very little trouble with acid milk or milk that has beenneutralized to overcome the natural acidity developed when milk ispermitted to stand. This is because developments have taken place in thepreservation of milk by drying and condensing. However, in some 10-calities, this type of milk is not known or cannot be secured andtroubles are accordingly experienced.
If the milk has developed an appreciable degree of acidity, it will loseits color producing property and even the ability to form the desiredstructure in the finished product, not alone because of the sugar thathas been consumed by the acid forming organisms, but because of theacidity itself and its effect upon the protein phase of the milk.
It has always been assumed that the lack of color on the surface ofcustard, when the milk is acid, is due to depreciation of the sugar ofmilk, (lactose), which is consumed by the acid producing bacteria. If aquantity of lactic acid, equal to that developed by the organism, isadded toa neutral filling, the same results are obtained even though thefull amount of sugar is present in the mixture.
When a custard, having an acid reaction, is baked, the time taken beforethe filling gels varies from 50% to more than 100% longer than neutralfilling. The body shrinks decidedly, the structure itself is quiteporous due to the long cooking while the upper surface retains a verylight color. When cooked, it has some of the properties of baked cheesecake, in that the top looks exactly like the cottage cheese cakes withwhich every baker is familiar. The taste would be similar to cheese ifthe sugar ingredient were not so high. Those having an alkaline reactiontake-from 25% to 75% longer to gel than neutral filling. A fillinghaving a heavy alkaline reaction rises to a nice large volume but isvery spongy in character. It will have a very .dark deep yellow colorverging on brown with a suggestion of green and gives the appearance ofa very rich confection. The interior structure however is of an almosttransparent consistency. When the filling is only slightly alkaline thestructure closely resembles the natural neutralized composition but eventhis is inclined to separate.
To produce the normal creamy custard, care must be taken to insure thatthe milk is of a neutral consistency. The careful consideration whichmust be given to each of the above items to secure perfect results isfar too exacting but the results caused by the slightest neglect hasbeen the despair of bakers and housewives for years.
Frequently, corn starch is used as an ingredient in the custardformulae, as a thickening agent, to partially overcome some of theattendant dimculties, but the results are far from satisfactory. Thereis a conspicuous corn starch flavor, a toughening of the custard body toa rubbery consistency, unlike, the jelly characteristic of the trueconfection, and sometimes the corn starch precipitates a distinct layerat the bottom of the custard which shows up in direct contrast with thelight creamy upper portion. This spoils the appearance and does notimprove its edibility.
From the above generalization of the difiiculties encountered, a fairidea of the problems confronting the baker can be realized.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a compoundwhich the baker can dissolve in hot milk and sugar to form a quickcustard filling, ready for the oven, and which will not require theprecise baking conditions mentioned in order to secure satisfactoryresults.
A further object of the invention is to provide ingredients in thecompound to correct the cracking, weeping, and honeycomb effects and atthe same time neutralize the mixture to prevent acidity and itsresulting difficulties.
A further object of the invention is to secure the above results,without the use of cornstarch or other vegetable ingredients whichcreate precipitated heavy layers, and provide a uniform appetizingconsistency completely through the structure with the true deliciouscustard fiavor.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a compound which,when mixed and baked.
as later described will have all the natural characteristics of the truecustard as mentioned and none of the defects usually encountered,without requiring any speciaLexperienceon the part of the baker and freeof useless substitutions or adulterations.
With the above important objects in view which will become more apparentas the description proceeds, the invention consists essentially, in thecompounding of the ingredients hereinafter, more particularly described,reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein the process isshown in a diagrammatic form in Fig. 1.
A kettle or boiling caldron is indicated by the numeral I and the wallsthereof are jacketed at 2 to receive steam through a pair of steam pipes2. A series of six hoppers 3 are located above the kettle and areconnected by pipes 4 to the interior thereof and controlled by valves 5.An agitating or mixing paddle 6'is located in the kettle and operated byan exterior motor 1 while a drain pipe 8 having a valve 9 passes out thebottom of the kettle to enter the top of a cooling tank Ill.
This cooling tank is similarly jacketed to receive cooling orrefrigerating pipes ll while a hopper I2 is supported thereabove andprovided with a delivery pipe [3 leading therein and controlled by avalve M. The bottom of the tank is provided with a drain pipe l5controlled by a valve Hi.
This latter drain pipe enters the top of a mixing machine I! anddelivers into a rotatably mounted cylindrical screen drum I8 operated bythe exterior motor I9. The casing of the mixer is of an inverted cupshape, encircles the drum and the lower edge is provided with a trough2B which underlies the cylindrical screen and delivers into a downwardlyprojecting pipe 2| to a suitable pail 22.
- one of the following ingredients and. in the amounts specified or inan equivalent ratio in respect to each other, viz,
1 lbs. of cane sugar 1 lbs. of milk 3 oz. of salt Sufllcient bicarbonateof sodato neutralize acid formation in the solution.
4 oz. of animal gelatine 4 oz. of glycerine and the hopper I2 willreceive 5 lbs. of egg meat (either yoke or whole) The above amountsrefer to one correct formula only of the product. The amounts may bevaried considerably if desired.
In preparing the mixture, the valves controlling the sugar and milk arefirst opened to permit these ingredients to drop into the kettle wherethe sugar dissolves into the milk which is heated to a boiling point(above 200 F.). The valves controlling the salt and bicarbonate of sodaare then opened to permit these ingredients to fall and co-mingle withthe heated sweetened milk and in so doing, the bicarbonate of sodachanges the solution from an acid (if any) to a solution having a slightalkaline reaction. The valves controlling the gelatine and glycerine arethen opened to permit these ingredients to mix with the solution, whichit will be noted is still at the boiling temperature. The two will bedissolved therein, the motor I will be started and the paddle 6 whichwill be operating insure a complete co-mingling of the ingredients onewith the other. At this phase of the process, the natural acidity of thegelatine will be suilicient to correct the slight alkalinity of theprevious solution and neutralize the whole.
The valve 8 is then opened and the solution passes into the cooling tank[0 where the temperature is reduced to blood heat (85 to 95 F.). Whenthis occurs, the valve I4 is opened to release the egg meat from thehopper l2 to complete the ingredients in the compound. The valve I6 isthen opened and the partially mixed solution passesinto the mixingmachine II where the revolving drum l8 forces it through the screenunder the action of centrifugal force to complete the mix and produce ahomogenized compound which passes along the trough 20, out the pipe 2|and into the pail 22 where it congeals when cooled due to the gelatinenature of the composition.
It is desirable, during the last mentioned mixing process, that thetemperature remain at blood heat (85 to 95 F.) in order that thesolution will not gel before the homogenizing is completed. I
The solution or compound is then placed in a refrigerator and frozen andremains there until sold to the bakers, who dissolve it in boiling milkand sugar to create a quick custard filling.
With the use of this type of filling, a considerable variation, both intemperature and time of cooking, may be permitted without seriouslyendangering the structure of the custard. This is due to the congealinginfluence of the gelatine which is so intimately associated with thewatery element of the combination that the said water becomes viscousand is prevented free movement to collect. Accordingly, the cracking,weeping or wheying off does not result. The
spongy texture is also prevented and as the majority of the water cannotpass off in steam, no breaking down of the structure results if the heatremains on a little too long. As no starch is used, the heavy starchylayer is avoided and as the solution is neutralized, a perfect custardcolor or caramelization results on the upper surface at the same timethe filling gels.- The glycerine is included in the formula to give asmooth soft texture to the custard structure but while this ingredientis highly desirable, it is not an essential part of the compound. Aspreviously mentioned, the bicarbonate of soda neutralizes the acidcharacteristic of both the milk and gelatine and insures, not only adelicious appetizing delicatessen, but the taste or edibility of theconfection is all that could be desired.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. The process of preparing custard filling which comprises dissolvingsugar into milk at boiling temperature, adding an alkaline ingredient toproduce a basic mixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition ofgelatine, cooling the solution to approximately blood heat, adding eggmeats and subsequently disintegrating the resultant to a homogenizedcompound.
2. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in alkalizingthe milk ingredient thereof, adding animal gelatine at boilingtemperature until the milk is neutralized, cooling the solution andadding egg meats at approximately blood heat and disintegrating theresultant to a homogenized compound.
3. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in dissolvingsugar into hot milk, adding an alkaline ingredient to produce a basicmixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition of gelatine, coolingthe solution to approximately blood heat, adding egg meats anddisintegrating the resultant by a forcible impact disturbance to ahomogenized compound.
4. The process of preparing custard filling which consists in dissolvingsugar into hot milk, adding bicarbonate of soda to produce a basicmixture, neutralizing the mixture by the addition of gelatine, coolingthe solution to approximately blood heat, adding egg meats anddisintegrating the resultant to a homogenized compound.
IPHUS HARVEY HALL.
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2024-03-22
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1935-06-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1937-06-22"
}
|
US-209811D-A
|
Improvement in patterns for casting stove-leg attachments
H. H. HUNTLEY. Pattern for Casting Stove-Leg Att'achme nt.
No. 209.811. Patented-Nov. 12.1878.
A r P WITNESSES w lNVENTOR ATTORNEY N.PETERS, PNOTO LITHOGHAFHERWASHINGION. D10 I UNITED STATES PATENT Genres HOSEA H. HUNTLEY,-OFQUINCY, ILLINOIS.
IMPROVEMENT IN PATTERNS FOR CASTING STOVE-LEG ATTACHMENTS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 209,811, dated November12, 1878; application filed March 2, 1878. 1
To all whom it may concern:-
Be it known that I, Hosnn ll. HUNTLEY, of Quincy, in the county of Adamsand State of Illinois, have invented anewand valuable Improvement inPatterns for Oastin g Stove-Leg Attachments; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of theconstruction and operation of the same, reference being had to theannexed drawings,making a part of this specification, and to the lettersand figures of reference marked thereon.
Figure 1 represents a sectional view of a stove-leg as it is applied tothe attachmentlug. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the pattern of theattachment-lug in the drag. Fig. 3is a sectional view of the drag,showing the curved branch of the pattern partially detached. Fig. 4 is aperspective view of the curved branch of the pattern.
This invention has relation to means for casting attachment-1n gs forstovclegs, evaporating-pans, sugar-boilers, and the like.
The nature of the invention consists in the construction and novelarrangement of a pattern for casting attachment-lugs for the legs ofstoves and other heavy articles, said pattern having an upright lngbranch and a separate detachable curved branch, as will be hereinaftermore fully set forth.
In the annexed drawings, the letter A designates the bottom of a stove;B, the horizontal'arm of the stove-leg; (J, the eye-lug upon thestove-bottom, and D the key which confines the leg to the stove. Theeye-lug (l is triangular in its general form, and consists of an uprightpyramidal part, a, and a curved portion, b, diminishing in size from itsconnection with the plate A to its point of union with the uprightportion. The curved surfaces of the portion 1) are regular arcs ofcirclcs, as'shown in Fig. 3.-
The pattern E, from which the bottom plate having the attachment-lug iscast, is formed in two parts.
The upright wedge-form projection to, which serves to prepare 'the moldfor the east branch or of the lug O, is made entire with the plateportion A of the pattern, and is provided at its lower end with, anattachment notch or scat, e.
The curved branch I) of the pattern, which forms that portion of themold in which the curved branch I) of the lug is cast, is detachable andof a circular or arc-shaped tapering form. Its lower end is formed witha projection, is, which engages with the notch e of the projection a. ofthe pattern; and its upper end is provided with a stud, s, which passesthrough an aperture, t, in the plate portion A of the l'iattern.
The two portions of the pattern being put together in the mannerindicated, it is sunk in the sand of the drag in the usual manner toform the mold for the plate and lug. After the sand has been packed theplate portion A of the pattern is detached upward, leaving the curvedbranch I), which is afterward removed by a curved motion, the projection8 serving as a handle.
Upon the plate portion of the pattern a smaller projection, 12, isformed in rear of the aperture t. hen the curved branch of the patternhas been removed the mold is ready. Molten metal is then, poured in, andthe eyelug and stove-bottom cast in one piece.
In line with the lug is an angular catch, t, cast in the mold formed bythe small lug v of the pattern, the function of which will be hereinafter explained.
The under side of the horizontal arm B of the leg is made with a dishedrecess, a, at the bottom of which is a slot, 2, of suflicient size toreceive the eye-lug; and it is provided with an angular recess, r,designed to receive the catch it upon the stove-plate A. This arm orplate is cast with the leg complete, and upon coming from the mold isready for use.
The dish upon the under side of the leg branch or rm B greatlyfacilitates the attaehment of the leg to the stove, as it directs theeye-lug accurately to the opening of the slot 17. The bottom of thestove not being visible, this construction of the leg-bran ch or armsaves considerable time and labor. The leg being in position on thestove-bottom a triangular key, D, of the same conformation as the eye oflug G, is forced into the said eye, and offectually secures the leg tothe stove.
It is evident that this device is applicable to evaporating-pans,sugar-boilers, and other metal vessels, and is of equal advantage.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by hereunto subscribed my namein the presence Letters Patent, isi of two witnesses.
The pattern for casting attachment-lugs, HOSEA H HUNTLEY consisting ofthe main portion having the upright branch a, and the separatedetachable Witnesses: 7 curved branch I)". substantially as specified.1H K. RODOLF,
In testimony that 1 claim the above I have J. A. SYLVESTER.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1878-11-12"
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US-6334660-A
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Seed planting method and apparatus for its practice
1964 J. R. WATSON ETAL 3,160,935
SEED PLANTING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ITS PRACTICE Filed Oct. 18. 1960Fig 4 INVENTOR. JAMES .WATSON DAVID M.L\\.LY
United States Patent SEED PLANTING METHQD AND APPARATUS FUR HS PRACTICEJames R. Watson, Minneapolis, David M. Liily, St. Paul, and Eimer S.Conover, Minneapolis, Minn, assignors to Torn Manufacturing Corporation,Minneapoiis, Minn, a corporation of Minnesota Filed Oct. 18, 1960, Ser.No. 63,346 4 Ciaims. (Cl. 47-56) This invention pertains in general tothe growth of plants from seed, and more specifically, to a method andapparatus for growing grass from seed.
The growing of grass from seed has proven to be very troublesome,particularly for the inexperienced person. The conventional plantingmethod has been to distribute seed, according to some predeterminedpattern, over soil that has been raked smooth after tilling, rake theseed in, firm the seeded soil with a roller, and then water regularlyuntil the seed germinates and the grass plant begins to grow. Theresultant germination conditions are often very poor, with the soileither being too dry or too wet most of the time, and even when greateitort is made to keep the ground evenly moist at all times, thepercentage of growth from viable seed is very low, averagingapproximately 50% The person doing the planting tries to overcome thislow growth percentage by scattering an excessive amount of seed in agiven area, with a resultant increase in cost.
Unsuccessful efforts have been made to overcome these problems. Severalcompanies have marketed seed carriers of one type or another primarilyof the type wherein commercial seed is evenly distributed in or upon aporous sheet material, and this is spread upon prepared ground. Theproblem of using an excessive quantity of seed is solved by being ableto control the distribution of the seed on the carrier. However, thesecarriers are porous, and tend to dry out as an unprotected seed bedunless regularly watered, and they fail to trap moisture that hasevaporated from the soil. Thus, these devices have produced nosignificant increase in the germination percentage. Furthermore, theseed carrier must be regularly watered to prevent the seed from dryingout, and this continues to be one of the most troublesome problems inthe growth of grass from seed.
Another problems that continues to be very troublesome is thesusceptibility of seed to mechanical damage and erosion. Whenconventional seeding methods are used, in intense rain storm will washor erode the seeded area leaving the seed bed in generally poorcondition, often with deep gullies. This results in large bare areas,and isolated areas of seed concentration, rather than the desired evendistribution of seed over the entire area. Furthermore, birds are proneto eat-the exposed seed, while children and pets scatter it around.
Thus, in spite of extensive elforts to simplify and opti mize the art ofgrowing grass or other plants from seed, little progress has been made.Our invention discloses a method of growing plants from seed, wherebymoisture evaporating from the surface of the ground is utilized tomaintain almost ideal germination conditions throughout the period ofgermination, resulting in an appreciably higher percentage ofgermination of the viable seed, while maintaining positive protectionagainst mechanical damage and erosion, and eliminating the need to wateror otherwise care for the seed throughout the germination and initialgrowing periods.
Thus, it is a primary object of our invention to provide an improvedmethod for growing plants from seed, providing mechanical protection forthe seed bed and eliminating the need for watering or other care.
3,16%,936 Patented Dec. 15, 1964- ice Another object of our invention isto provide an improved seed carrier for practicing this method, which iseffective to utilize moisture evaporating from the earth and provideimproved germination conditions for the seed.
These and other objects of our invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of a preferred form thereof, and the single sheetof drawings illustrating the form, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of our seed carrier being rolled over theground,
FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional enlarged view of a portion of the seedcarrier, and
FIGURES 3 and 4 are cross sectional views of a portion of the seedcarrier lying adjacent to the ground, shortly after being placed on theground, and after firming the soil, respectively.
In FIGURE 1, we have shown our improved seed carrier being rolled ontothe ground. Two overlapping strips 10 and 11., are shown already on theground, and held in place by means such as staples 12. Pegs, stones,strips of wood, nails, earth, a pressure-sensitive or other adhesivealong one edge of the seed carrier, or any number or" other fastenerscould be used. A third strip 13 is being rolled otf from roll 15 ontothe prepared ground 14, a
the ground, as is seen on upturned corner 16.
The seed carrier can be best described with reference to FIGURE 2. Thesheet material 20 is selected so as to be essentially moisture proof,and good success has been realized using a polythylene film, ranging inthickness from 1 to 6 mils. It should be understood that numerous othermaterials such as polyester films and properly treated paper could besuccessfully used with this process although in each case it isnecessary that they be water insoluble as in the case of thepolyethylene film.
We have found that the color of the film is very important to thecomplete germination of the seed, and to the growth of the plants aftergermination has occurred. When a clear material is used, exposing theseed to all of the suns rays, germination is incomplete. However, byusing a colored translucent material, total transmission of lighttherethrough is appreciably reduced throughout the total light spectrum,thereby causing a corresponding reduction in the total light energybeneath the material, resulting in an environment that is excellent forgermination and growth. We have found that a translucent material eithermilky white, red, orange or yellow in color produces very satisfactoryresults.
The seed 22 is secured to the film 20 by means of water soluble adhesive21, such as polyvinyl alcohol. This adhesive is preferably placed on thefilm in a very thin coat, and the seed 22 is then evenly distributedthereover by means of a suitable seed spreading device. When theadhesive dries, the seed carrier is ready for use and can be rolled orotherwise handled without disturbing the seed distribution. It should beunderstood that any water soluble substance can be used that is capableof holding the seed to the film, and in some instances, the adhesive maybe applied after distributing the seed, or perhaps both before and afteror co-currently, depending upon the effectiveness of the adhesive andprocessing equipment.
In order to cause'sturdy and healthy plant growth, it may be desirableto use a combination of fungicides, fertilizers, insecticides,herbicides, and growth hormones during the manufacture of our product.This can be accomplished by using pie-treated seed, by using theadhesive as a vehicle for such materials, or by distributing suchmaterials on the film with the seed to be held in place by the adhesive.
The process of using our seed carrier includes the steps of (l)preparing the soil, which usually includes tilling, raking and watering,and (2) placing the seed carrier, seed side down, over the preparedsurface, being careful to overlap the strips similar to shingles up ahill, or lengthwise down a hill, to prevent water from flowing under thefilm and onto the ground causing erosion. Moisture in the ground movesupward by capillarity and evaporates at the surface, and then beingunable to pass through the moisture proof film condenses on the film,and dissolves the adhesive, permitting the seed to fall. When sufficientmoisture has condensed to break surface tension, the water falls to theground, and a surfactant has been found helpful in this respect.
After the plants begin to grow, this evaporation-condensation effect isenhanced by the transpiration process. As a result, we have found thatthe soil below the seed carrier stays moist at all times, even whenadjacent uncovered soil becomes hard and dry due to lack of rain orother moisture. The resultant highly humid condition causes the adhesive21 to dissolve, and the seed to fall onto the moist ground as is shownin FIGURE 3, wherein some of the seed 22 is still held on the film 29 byremaining portions of adhesive 21, some is shown falling, and some isshown on the ground 14. It should be noted that any fungicides, etc.,that had been used would be released onto the soil at this time, toenhance and protect the plant growth. Although a space is shown betweenfilm 2G and the surface of the ground, primarily for clarity in theillustration, it should be understood that the film is laid directly onthe ground, and would ordinariiy be in direct contact with at least thehigh spots on the ground.
At this point in the process, as an additional optional step, we havefound it sometimes desirable to press the seed into the soil, by movinga heavy object such as a roller over the surface of the film after theseed has dropped off. This causes the seed to be pressed into the soil,and slightly firms the soil, thereby tending to improve the rootingprocess of the plant. This step is not essential to the process, butunder certain conditions or on certain types of seed beds, it aids plantestablishment. The result of this step is shown in FIGURE 4, where theseed is pressed into the soil 14. In FIGURE 4, we have also illustratedmoisture 43 collecting on the underside of the film 42, and water vapor41 in the space between the soil 14 and the film 42.
When growing any plant from seed, it is necessary to provide anenvironment that contains the necessary ingredients to maintain aphysiological balance. That is, there must be sufficient oxygen in theair to permit germination of the seed, and to maintain the respirationprocess; and there must be sufiicient carbon dioxide in the air, eitherfrom the deterioration of organic matter in the soil or otherwise, topermit the photosynthetic process that occurs after leaves emerge on theplant. In this regard, it should be noted that a gaseous exchange takesplace through polyethylene, even though it is very nearly a barrier tomoisture and water vapor. Thus, to the extent that there is not aphysiological balance beneath the film, a gaseous transfer can occureither through the film or under the edges thereof.
After the seed has germinated, and the plants are growing, the moistureproof film can be conveniently rolled up and either destroyed or usedfor some other purpose. There is no need to hurry the removal of thisfilm, particularly when suitable fungicides and insecticides have beenused, ecause it continues to provide a favorable environment for grassgrowth. Furthermore, it continues to act as a positive mulch, protectingthe. seed and seed bed from rain, erosion, frost, and other mechanicaldamage. However, after the plants have formed a sufficiently strong rootsystem to withstand exposure to the local prevailing environmentalconditions, such as soil condition, terrain, climate, and weather, thefilm 2.- would ordinarily be removed. If our invention has been usedlate in the fall, it may be desirable to leave the film on the plantedarea to reduce the possibility of desiccation or winter-kill during thewinter months. It should be noted that by using our process, plants canbe started from seed over a greater span of time, both earlier and laterthan in the case of open seeding, and even at times when there isrelatively little rainfall or other moisture. It can also be started incold climates in the spring, even before the frost is out of the ground,and is effective to speed thawing of the ground. When thawing begins, amoist environment is created, the seed will fall off the film andgerminate, and this would normally occur several weeks before theuncovered grass begins to grow in the immediate area, thereby providingsatisfactory plant growth under the film even before conventionalplanting can be started.
What has been described is considered to be the preferred embodiment ofour invention, but it is apparent that numerous modifications thereofare possible. Therefore, we do not wish to be limited to the form shownexcept as indicated by the following claims.
What is claimed is: l. A method for planting and germinating seeds andfor promoting the development of seedlings therefrom which consists inproviding an imperforate highly flexible single ply, sheet of relativelythin, translucent, water-insoluble and substantially moisture-proofmaterial which transmits at least a portion of the suns rays,
attaching a multiplicity of seeds to one surface of said sheet, throughuse of a Water-soluble adhesive,
then placing said seed-attached sheet directly on the surface of aprepared seed bed containing moisture with said one surface facing saidseed bed, and with the opposite surface of said sheet uncovered andexposed to the suns rays,
said sheet being effective to cause moisture which evaporates from saidseed bed to condense and create a generally uniform wetness upon saidone surface and thereby gradually dissolve said adhesive and cause saidseeds to be released and fall upon said seed bed,
continuing to so expose said sheet in such relation until the seedlingshave sufficiently developed beneath said sheet to withstand exposure tothe prevailing environmental conditions,
and then removing said sheet from said seed bed.
2. A method for planting and germinating seeds and for promoting thedevelopment of seedlings therefrom which consists in:
providing an imperforate highly flexible single ply sheet of relativelythin, translucent, water-insoluble and substantially moisture-proofmaterial which transmits at least a portion of the suns rays, attachinga multiplicity of seeds to one surface of said sheet, through use of awater-soluble adhesive, rolling said seed-laden sheet into a compactcylindrical mass,
then unrolling said rolled sheet directly upon the surface of a preparedseed bed containing moisture with said one surfacefacing said seed bed,and with the opposite surface of said sheet uncovered and exposed to thesuns rays,
said sheet being effective to cause moisture which evaporates rom saidseed bed to condense and create a generally uniform wetness upon saidone surface and thereby gradually dissolve said adhesive and cause saidseeds to be released and fall upon said seed bed,
continuing to so expose said sheet in such relation until the seedlingshave sufficiently developed beneath said sheet to Withstand exposure tothe prevailing environmental conditions,
and then removing said sheet from said seed bed.
' 3. An improved method for germinating seed and promoting developmentof the seedling therefrom, comprising the steps of:
attaching seed through use of a water-soluble substance on one side ofan imperforate relatively thin, highly flexible translucent,Water-insoluble, and substantially moisture-proof single ply sheet ofmaterial capable of passing at least a portion of the suns rays,
placing said seed-laden material directly on the surface of a seed bedcontaining moisture with said one side facing said seed bed,
said substance being dissolved so to cause said seed to fall onto saidseed bed, germinate, and grow, under the influence of the energy fromthe portion of the suns rays passed by said material and the moistureevaporating from said seed bed, which combine to create a generallyuniform wetness upon said one side whereby to dissolve saidwater-soluble substance and \cause said seed to be released and fallupon said seed bed and to thereby create a favorable germination andgrowth condition between said seed bed and said material,
and removing said material from said seed bed after the seedlings havebecome established to withstand exposure to the prevailing environmentalconditions.
4. A device for planting and germinating seeds and for promoting thedevelopment of seedlings therefrom consisting of:
an elongate single ply, thin imperforate, substantially moisture-proof,water-insoluble, translucent 'highly flexible sheet to be laid directlyupon the surface of a seed bed containing moisture,
a multiplicity of seeds adhered by a water-soluble adhesive substance tothe surface of said sheet which is to lie upon said seed bed, said seedsbeing capable of falling directly unto the seed bed when released fromsaid sheet, the other surface of said sheet being exposed to directaction thereon by the suns rays when said seed supporting side lies upona seed bed.
References @Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,930,939 10/ 33Homer 479 1,971,504 8/34 Pratt 4756 2,192,939 3/40 Slay-ter 47--56 X2,281,927 5/42 Fischer 4756 2,648,165 8/53 Nestor 4756 2,876,588 3/59Tietz 4756 X 2,893,168 7/59 Kobs. 7 3,080,681 '3/63 Merrill 47--56FOREIGN PATENTS 74,703 9/ 18 Austria.
191,127 10/07 Germany.
699,028 10/ 5 3 Great Britain.
552,448 12/56 Italy.
OTHER REFERENCES Modern Plastics (Magazine) article: Film on the Farm,in vol. 34, No. 1, pages 112-116 and 233-238, September 1956, TP 986,Al-M6.
Monsanto, Booklet How To Use Polyethylene Film on Your Farm, published1958 by Monsanto Chemical Co., Plastics Division, Springfield, Mass,page 15.
T. GRAHAM CRAVER, Primary Examiner.
A. JOSEPH GOLDBERG, ARNOLD RUEGG,
Examiners.
1. A METHOD FOR PLANTING AND GERMINATING SEEDS AND FOR PROMOTING THEDEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS THEREFROM WHICH CONSISTS IN PROVIDING ANIMPERFORATE HIGHLY FLEXIBLE SINGLE PLY, SHEET OF RELATIVELY THIN,TRANSLUCENT, WATER-INSOLUBLE AND SUBSTANTIALLY MOISTURE-PROOF MATERIALWHICH TRANSMITS AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE SUN''S RAYS, ATTACHING AMULTIPLICITY OF SEEDS TO ONE SURFACE OF SAID SHEET, THROUGH USE OF AWATER-SOLUBLE ADHESIVE, THEN PLACING SAID SEED-ATTACHED SHEET DIRECTLYON THE SURFACE OF A PREPARED SEED BED CONTAINING MOISTURE WITH SAID ONESURFACE FACING SAID SEED BED, AND WITH THE OPPOSITE SURFACE OF SAIDSHEET UNCOVERED AND EXPOSED TO THE SUN''S RAYS,
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2024-03-22
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1960-10-18
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1964-12-15"
}
|
US-49846730-A
|
Method of producing cellulose articles
r. neon, or cirrcaco, rumors,
Parser OFFER 210], OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF VIRGINIA.
amrnon or rsonuomc cnnm 1 {0 as; ABE! f."
Application fllcfl November 1980. fierial flo. 498,487.
The invention relates to apparatus for producing articles from celluloseand more an ticularly to apparatus for producing cell ose tubes orsausage c s.
In the preferred em odiment of the invention, the cellulose tub ispreferably formed from viscose which is obtained by practicing themethod briefly described in U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,612,508, granted1% December 28 1926, to William F. Henderson and Harold Dietrich. Theviscose is extruded through an annular orifice and is subjected to oneor more solutions so that it again becomes cellulose or cellulosehydrate.
e tubing is then washed in water and sub-' sequently treated with ahygroscopic agent, such as glycerine, to prevent it from drying to suchan extent that it willcrack.
e present invention relates particularly to improved apparatus for andan improved method of was in the tubing after it has been ersed in t ehardening solutions.
In practicing the improved method, the tubing is washed in a series ofwash tanks holding warm water at difierent temperatures, the arrangementbein such that the tubing is thoroughly close of the byproducts resultinfrom the reaction oi the viscose and the her ening baths or solutions.The temperature of the water in the several tanks is sucn that the usesevolved do not accumulate more rapidl than they can difiuse through thecellu ose wall and, erefore, there is no excessive overstre I: ct tubingand it is not deformed Other objects and advantages of the inve tionwill become apparent as the following detailed description progresses,reference being had to the accompan drawing, wherein:
Figure 1 is a somewhat diagratic V ew of a section taken throughapparatus which embodies the invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken through one of a purality of wash t shown in Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is a die am of electrical apparatus which is utilize to controlthe temperature of the water in the wash tanks.
the.
apparatus for extruding viscose through an annular orifice to formcellulose tubing which is shown at 11, the tubing being exanon. remvrsxmc comm-- traded into a coagulating or regenerating hath 13 andbeing advanced over aroller 14" to a tank 15 holdin a coagulating orregenerating solution. rom the receptacle 15 the tubing is advanced to areceptacle 16 which holds an aqueous solution of the coagulating orregeneratin agents, these agents being carried over mto the solutionfrom the receptacle "15 b the tubing. lhe tubing is then advanced romthe receptacle 16 through a plurality of wash tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20,and thence into a receptacle 21 which holds a hygroscopic agent,preferably glycerine. lldler rolls 23 in the receptacles 15, 16,17, 1819, 20 and 21 and driven rolls 24 disposed a ove these receptacles guideand advance, respectively, the tubing through the several receptacles.
Various solutions are employed in the eutruding apparatus and in therece tacle 15 for hardening the viscose. In practicing one embodiment ofthe invention an aqueous solution of 8 to 10% of sulfuric cold and 12 to16% of sodium-sulfate is employed in the dium'sulfate is employed in theextrug apparatus, the extruding apparatus being provided with areceptacle 25 which holds 1 these solutions. In the event the secondsolution is employed in the receptacle 15, a regenerating solution isemployed in the rece tacle 15.
e reaction of the acidified salt baths and, the viscose produces severalsubstances, such as sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, hy-
drogen sulfide, colloidal sulfur, etc., all of which must be washed outof the regenerated cellulose film before it is dried.
this purpose that the tubing is conveyed through the wash tanks 17, 18,19 and 20, which tanks preferably hold running water. 10
It isfor '8 leaving the acidified is associated with t Hot water willremove these biroducts from the film or tube much more quic y than coldwater. However, if the film or tube is carried into hot waterimmediately after regenerating bath an result. The acid which eregenerated film soon lmparts a permanent acidity to the water in thefirst wash tank if the water is not changed often enough to prevent suchacidity. If the temperature is high, this acid exerts a weakening effecton the cellulose film. Volatile substances formed by the action of theacid on the viscose are quickly driven out of the film when it isimmersed in hot water, and, under certain conditions, may cause minuteas bubbles to be formed in the film itself. ese volatile substances areprobabl hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and car on dioxide. Theproduction of these volatile biproducts resents the greatest difficultywhen the ce ulose product is in the form of a seamless tube. Here, asubstantial rise in temperature following the regenerate or cellulosewhen the tube is lead into hot water causes an inflation of the tube bythe gases trapped inside. Under these conditions, the gases accumulatemore rapidly than they can diffuse through the cellulose wall andserious overstretching and deformation results.
Regenerated cellulose films are subject to severe shrinkage during theregenerating operation and during subsequent washing stages, and the useof hot water accelerates this shrinkage. The application of hot waterimmediately after the acid treatment causes such severe and suddenshrinkage that frequent breakage may occur.
The present invention permits the use of hot water for washing theregenerated cellulose films or tubes without encountering thedifliculties mentioned above. Thus, the temperature of the water in thewash tanks 17, 18, 19 and 20 is adually raised, beginning with water ata ut the same temperature as that maintained in the acid tank and endingin the final wash tank 20 with hot water. In a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the water in tank 17 is held at approximately 20 0., thewater in the second tank .18 is held at about 30 C., the water in thetank 19 is held at about 35 C., and the water in the tank 20 is held at50 0., or even higher.
As indicated above, the water in the tanks 17, 18, 19, and 20 ispreferably; changed at frequent intervals or continuous thus pipes 17a,18a,19a and 20a are adapted to discharge water into the receptacles 1718, 19 and 20, respectively, the overflow being carried off by pipes17b, 18b, 19b and 206, respectively. If it is so desired, each of thetanks 17, 18, 19 and 20 may be connected to a larger tank so that thewater may becirculated continuously. Such construction permits theteminferior product ma perature of the water to be readily controlled.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, means is preferablyassociated with each of the tanks 17 18, 19 and 20 to control thetemperature of the water therein. In this instance, the controllingmeans comprises heating devices 30, 31, 32 and 33 disposed in the tanks17, 18, 19 and 20, respectively, the heating devices being preferablyelectrical resistances. The resistances are connected to a suitablesource (not shown) of electrical energy, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Theresistances 30, 31, 32 and 33 are controlled by thermostatic devices 35,36, 37 and 38, respectively, which are preferably identical inconstruction. The thermostatic device 35 is illustrated in detail inFig. 2 and comprises, in this instance, a diaphra 39 holding a quantityof some suitable v0 atile fluid which will expand when it is heated. Thediaphragm is carried by a bracket 40 mounted in the tank 17 thediaphragm being positiqfipd beneath the surface of the water in the ta vThe free end of the diaphragm 39 is connected by a post 41 to a lever 42which is pivoted intermediate its ends to a bracket 43 carried by thetank 17. A member 44, depending from one end of the lever 42, is adaptedto depress a metallic spring member 45 when the diaphragm 39 expands.The spring member 45 carries a contact point 46 engageable with acontact point 47 carried by a spring member 48. The spring members 45and 48 are insulated from each other and are mounted in a housing 49secured to a wall of the tank 17. A set screw 50 screw-threaded throughone of the walls of the housing 49 engages the spring member 48 and isadapted to bring it into a plurality of adjusted positions. Thus, thespring member 48 tends to flex in an upward direction and the screw 50may be manipulated against this action to bring the contact point 47into any desired position with respect to the contact point 46. Thespring mem er 45 also tends to. spring upward so as to bring the contactpoint 46 into engagement with the contact point 47. Obviously, theapparatus may be adjusted in such manner that the circuit through the resistance 30 may be closed unless the water in the tank 17 is at least 200., or any other temperature that may be desired.
The thermostatic devices 36, 37, and 38 are adjusted to maintain thetemperatures noted above in the tanks 18, 19 and 20, respectively, orany other temperatures that may be desired.
Briefiy,in the operation of the above described ap aratus, the tubing 11passes from the extru ing mechanism 10 through the tanks 15 and 16 intothe first wash tank 17 and thence through the wash tanks 18, 19 and y inthe tanks 17, 1'8, 19 and 20 is contrenee gt;
' the thermostatic devices 35, 36, 37 and respectively, in the mannerdescribedabove so that the casing or tubing is not sub'ected 5 to a hightemperature immediately a r it reaches the tank 16, but is graduallysubjected to hi her temperatures until it has een thoroug 1y washed.
While I have shown and described certain 19 embodiments of my invention,it is to be 'un- V ders'tood that it is capable of many modifications.Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention asdisclosed in the appended claims,
in which it is my intention to claim all novel ty inherent in aninvention as broadly as possible, in view 0 the prior art.
' I claim:
20 1. The method of forming a cellulose product, which method comprisesextruding viscose and regenerating it and subjecting the regeneratedviscose to several baths of heated water of increasing temperature.
2. The method of forming a cellulose prodnot, which method comprisesextruding viscose, regenerating it, and washing the regeneratedsubstance in several baths of heated water of increasing temperatures,one of said baths beilag maintained at a temperautre less than 409 andanother of said baths be' gairgained .at a temperature in excess 0 3.The method of forming a cellulose prodnot, which method comprisesextruding viscose, regeneratingsaid viscose, and washing the regeneratedsubstance in at least three baths of heated water of increasingtemperatures, at least one of said baths being main- 40 tained at atemperature in excess of 35 C.
In testimony whereof, I hereuntov afliz; mysignature this 24th day ofOctober, 1930.
wILLmM r. ENDERSON.
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2024-03-22
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1930-11-26
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1933-04-11"
}
|
US-26928719-A
|
Flexible power-transmission mechanism
M. H. HARIER.
FLEXIBLE POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2. I919.
Patented Feb. 17,1920.
2 SHEETSSHEET I.
M. H. HARTER.
FLEXIBLE POWER TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2 I919.
Patented Feb. 17,1920.
2 SHEETSSHEET 2.
Even/01' 7 74 x700 Mfif/r M ///Mr% line UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
MARION H; HARTER, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, A SSIGNOR TO HAR'IER- MANU-FACTURING COMPANY, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, A COPARTNERSHIP CON-SISTING OF ORLIE H. DUTTON, DELFORD D. MERCHANT, WILLIAM H. FOLLETTE,
AND MARION H. HARTER.
' FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMISSION MECHANISM.
Application filed January 2, 1919. Serial No. 269,287.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, MARION H.'HARTER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepinand State ofMinnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in FlexiblePower-Transmission Mechanism; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and 1scribed and defined in the claim.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the invention, likecharacters indicate like parts throughout the several views.
Referring to the drawings,
Figure 1 is a front elevation showing the invention attached to theflexible driving shaft of a speedometer;
Fig. 2 is a detail view partly in elevation and'partly in section takenon the line 2-2 of Fig. 15
Fig. 3 1s a view principally in side elevationwith some parts sectionedon the line 33 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section taken onthe line 4:4 of Fig. 1; s
Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig.1); 1
Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken on the line 66 of Fig. 3; and I Fi7 is a transverse section taken on the 7 of Fig. 3.
The numeral 8 indicates, as anentirety, a speedometer, which may be ofany well known construction, and the numeral 9 indicates the flexibledriving shaft therefor, mounted in a flexible casinglO. The flex-Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 17, 192i.
ible driving Shaft 9 is driven by suitable so as to swing downward whenopened.
This door 12 has side flanges, which embrace the sides of the casing 11and is provided with a glass panel 13 that affords a sight opening insaid casing. A suitable catch, not shown, may be provided for se curingthe door 12 in a closed position. In the left-hand side'of the casing11, at the top thereof, is a substantially annular door opening normallyclosed by a door 14, and, in the right-hand side of said casin is asimilar door opening normally close by a door 15. Both doors 14 and 15are hinged at their lower edges so as to swing 'dOWI1= ward, whenFopened, and the door openings closed there y aflord access to theanterior of the casing 11. A shown, the doors 1 1 and 15 are held closedbythe overlapping flanges of the door 12 or, if desired, separatecatches may be provided therefor. The two sides of the casing 11 areconnected by a pair of longitudinally spaced screws 16, on which isremovably supported a table top' 17 underlying the glass door' panel 13and spaced inward thereof to afford a narrow passageway therebetween. Bytightening the screw 16, the sides of the casing 11 are drawn onto thelongitudinal edges of the table 17, and thereby frictionally holdthe'same in position.
Within the casing 11, is an upper spindle 18 and a lower spindle 19located in axial alinement with the door openings normally closed by thedoors 14 and 15, respectively.
The upper spindle '18, at its left-hand end, is journaled. in a bossedopening in the lefthand side of the casing 11 and has securedthereto,outward of said casing, a knob 20 by-which said spindle may be turned ineither, direction. The other or lower spindle 19 is journaled at itsright-hand end in the right-hand side of the casing 11, and, out- I wardof said casing, has loosely journaled thereon a gear 21. The spindle 19,outward of the gear 21, is-reduced and journaled in a bracket 22 securedto the casing 11. A.
pair of integrally formed spring fingers 23 have, at their connectedinner ends, an aperture through which the reduced outer end of thespindle 19 projects. These fingers 5 23 bear upon the gear 21, atdiametrically opposite points, and are pressed thereagainst under avariable pressure by a set nut 24 having screw-threaded engagement withthe reduced end of the spindle 19. Normally these spring fingers 23cause the spindle 19 to rotate with the gear 21, but under undue strainon said spindle, will permit the same to slip in respect to the gear, aswill presently appear. Removably mounted on each spindle 18 and 19, is aspool 25 held against removal therefrom by the doors 14 and 151 Thesespools 25 are held for rotation with the spindles 18 and 19 by keys 26,which extend in key seats formed 20 in said spools.
Wound on the upper spool 18 and arranged to be unwound therefrom andwound onto the lower spool 19, is a ribbon 27. having indicated on oneor both of its sides road maps, which consist, as shown, in graduatingthe ribbon to indicate miles and also indicating place identificationsat points properly indicated by the distance graduations.
,The left-hand edge of the door 12, at the 80 sight opening, is alsograduated to indicate miles. The graduations on both the ribbon and thedoor may be further divided to indicate tenths of miles. When both sidesof the ribbon are used,the same road map may be indicated on both sidesthereof only in reverse order, so that on the return trip it is onlynecessary to reverse the ribbon and spools in the casing. Theintermediate por-. tion of the ribbon 27 rests on the table 17 and isheld thereby smooth and close to the sight opening, so that the same maybe easily read. 1
To positively unwind the ribbon 27 from the upper spool 18 and draw thesame over the tables 17, there is mounted in the casing 11, at the lowerend of the table 17, a pair of laterally spaced wheels 28 having teeth29 arranged to enter longitudinally spaced holes 30 at the edges of saidribbon. As shown, the wheels 28 are integrally formed and secured. to ashaft 31 journaled in the sides of the casing 11. Keyed to the lefthandend of the shaft'31, outward of the casing 11, is "a gear 32 whichmeshes with an idle gear '33 journaled on the respective sides of saidcasing and which, in turn, meshes with the gear 21, and therebycompletes the driving connections between the shaft 31 and the lowerspindle 17. Loosely journaled on the shaft 31, just outward of the gear32, is a worn gear 34, and outward of this worm gear and havingscrew-thread: ed engagement with said shaft, is a thumb nut 35 by whichthe worm gear may be frictionally clamped against the gear 32, and
and detachably secured to the casing 11 by thereby caused to rotate withthe shaft 31. On the other end of the shaft 31, is a knob 36 by whichsaid shaft may be turned in either direction, when the worm gear 34 isreleased from rotation therewith.
Meshing with the worm gear 34, is a worm 37 journaled in a bracket 38secured to the casing 11. The worm 37 is driven by a flexible shaft 39,one end of which is attached thereto and the other end thereof isattached to a worm gear 40, which meshes with a .worm 41 interposed inand forming a part of the flexible shaft 9. The flexible shaft 39 ismounted in a flexible casing 42 andthe worm gear 40 and the worm 41 aremounted in a housing 43 interposed in the flexible casinglOand to whichsaid casin 42 is attached. A housing 44 is provide for the gears213233-34 and worm 37 screws.
On the back of the casing 11, is secured a U-shaped bracket 45 having aclamping screw 46 for securing said casing to an instrument board 47 orother support. This form of securing means, for the casing 11, isespecially ada ted for use in securing said casing to an obllqueinstrument board. For vertical instrument boards, a bracket, constructedto hold the instrument board in an oblique position, ,may be provided,in order that the ribbon may be more easily read.
In place of driving the worm gear 34 from the driving shaft of thespeedometer, the same may be driven directly from one of the drivenparts in the speedometer. When thus operating the road map, the same maybe incorporated in and made a part of the speed ometer.
To compensate for the varying diameter of the ribbon 27, as the same iswound thereon from the positive feeding device, to wit:--the wheels 28and their toothed en gagement with the ribbon, the spring fingers 23will allow the gear 21 to slip on the spindle 19, or, in other words,move at a slower speed thansaid spindle. The ribbon 27 may be corrected,from time to time, in respect to the locations along the route, simplyby operating the thumb nut 35 to release the worm gear 34, and therebrender the positive driving connections or the ribbon inoperative. Withthe worm gear 34 thus re leased, the ribbon may 'be moved in eitherdirection by operating the knob 36 to turn the wheels 28.
To remove the ribbon 27 and spools 25 from the casing 11, the doors12--14 and 15- are opened and one of the spools removed through therespective side door opening. 12: This movement of one of the spools 25will carry the ribbon edge ,with a slight lifting movement, off from thetable 17 through the open top of the casing 11. Then by removing theother spool from its spindle, the rib- 131 bon may be completely removedfrom the casing. Both door openings normally closed by the doors 14 and15 open into the open top of the casing 11.
What I claim is The combination with a flexible power transmitting shaftprovided at its extended end with a driving Worm forming an element ofsaid shaft, an instrument directly connected to and driven from saidworm, a casing inclosing said worm, a worm gear mounted insaid casingand meshing with said worm, a second flexible shaft connected to anddriven directly from said worm, and
a second instrument connected to and driven 15 from said second flexibleshaft.
In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
MARIO-N H. HARTER. Witnesses:
CLARA DEMARnsT, BERNICE G. BAUMANN.
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2024-03-22
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1919-01-02
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1920-02-17"
}
|
US-3484821D-A
|
Sleeve pressing apparatus
Dec. 16, 1969 CAMPBELL ET AL- SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 12- Sheets-Sheet1 Filed March 25, 1968 IE us Ms W l- S I w E T VNRWA Nu QM Y b 969 R. E.CAMPBELL T AL 3, 2
SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 7 Filed March 25, 1968 w 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 F16.2 92 V F, a5
INVENTORS I FOJLLIN E.C MPesLL Hana v D F A-rw-oaarvs.
R. E. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS' 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 medMarch 25, 1968 INVENTOR.
Roum E.CAMPBELL HARRY D. F0855, WW1 DAM.
ATTORNEY- Filed March 25, 1968 R. s. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESVSINGAPPARATUS 12 Shgets-Sheet 4 1 I 1 1 I l 1 T zes 9'8 I 5 M106 L 1 28 IQ 1. 89 79 I 90 I 1; 11' 8;, 1 as g i 98 1 7 8b Q g 193, i 1 5 la 80 /00I 3 1-va-roesz Roum El. CAMPBELL,
HARRY D. F0 55 bY MflJMOM Arromuevs.
Dec. 16, 1969 Filed March 25, 1968 R. E. CAMPBELL ET AL SLEEVE PRESSINGAPPARATUS 12' Sheets-Sheet 6 d/29 an 195 :1 no 0 moTf I 9 I75 I86 2 I[$8 I '79 28 y "in I 1 b ,7 I f F: I78 I87 172: I G I I74 n5 j v A I l I07 190 i I Q 'n I91, 95 194 fi A Q 200 20! r v I99 K 0 0 as I98 152 I g6 P I34 203' 20a INVENTORS'. EoLLm E. CAMPBELL, HARRY D. FOR 5, Y W,M ML
ATTORNEYS.
Dec.16,1969 RECAMPBE my 3,484,821
SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS INVENTbRS: RoLLm E. CAMPBELL,
HARRY D. Foes:
BYWM'? M...
A-r'roawsvs.
Dec. 16, 1969 c mpgg ET AL 3,484,821
SLEEVE'PRESSING APPARATUS Filed March 25, 1968 12 Sheets-Sheet aINVENTOQSI Baum ECAMPBELL, HARRY D. Forzcz,
ATTORNEYS.
Dec. 16, 1969 R. E. CAMPBELL ET SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS 12-Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed March 25, 1968 INVENTORS. EoLuu E -CAI"1PBBLLT,
HAeRYD-FoRsE, bv 1M,M+ QML ATTORNEYS.
Dec. 16, 1969 RECAMPBE ETAL 3,484,821
SLEEVE PRESSING APPARATUS Filed March 25, 1968 F ics. I7A
FIQJESA a 34/ P X i=1 12 Sheets-Sheet 1O INVENTORS. RoLLm E- CAMPBELL,
HARRY D. Fo'RsE,
BY ,ww
ATTORNEYS United States Patent Ofice 3,484,821 Patented Dec. 16, 1969Ind.
Filed Mar. 25, 1968, Ser. No. 715,854 Int. Cl. D06c 15/00 US. Cl. 223-7345 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus for pressing the sleevesof a garment having a pair of upright bucks for receiving the sleeveswith the body portion of the garment hanging downwardly therefrom, afirst fluid-actuated cylinder for moving the bucks upwardly from a lowerposition to selective upper positions, a pair of pressing heads for eachbuck, a second fluid-actuated cylinder for moving the pressing headstransversely between an open position for receiving the respective bucktherebetween and a closed pressing position, a third fluid-actuatedcylinder for moving the bucks between a dressing position and a pressingposition with each buck positioned between and in cooperativerelationship with a pair of pressing heads, and a sensing elementinitially positioned between the outer surface of one of the bucks andthe inner surface of the respective sleeve thereon when the bucks are intheir lower position, the sensing element automatically detecting upwardmovement of the junction between the sleeve and the body portion of thegarment to a predetermined elevation and deactuating the first cylinderin response thereto thereby to terminate the upward movement of thebucks so that only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves thereonis positioned between the pressing heads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This inventionrelates generally to sleeve pressing apparatus, and more particularly tosleeve pressing apparatus which automatically positions the bucks sothat only that portion of the bucks having the sleeves thereon ispositioned between the pressing heads.
Description of the prior art Sleeve pressing apparatus has beenprovided, such as that shown in Patent Nos. 2,420,818 to Davis,2,687,241 to Maxwell et al., and Re. 23,881 to McLagan, in which a pairof upright bucks are provided for receiving the sleeves of a garment,the bucks being moved from adressing position to a pressing positionbetween respective pairs of pressing heads. Both the Davis and McLaganpatents recognize the fact that the junction or shoulder seam betweenthe sleeve and body portion for sleeves of different size and lengthwill be positioned on the buck at different elevations and thus, that itis necessary to adjust the pressing position of the bucks so that onlythat portion of bucks having the sleeves thereon is positioned betweenthe pressing heads. In the Davis patent, that adjustment wasaccomplished manually. In the McLagan patent elevation of the shoulderseam was measured by the operator by means of a separately mounted leverconnected by linkage to a servo system which provided a correspondingupward movement of the bucks. In each of the above-referred to patents,the bucks were rigidly mounted upon support means, no movement toequalize pressing pressure or to facilitate dressing the shirt upon thebucks being provided.
It is increasingly desirable to utilize unskilled labor in commerciallaundries thus dictating that operations requiring experience and skill,such as determining the proper elevation of bucks with the sleevesthereon, be eliminated. Therefore it is desirable to provide sleevepressing apparatus in which the bucks are automatically moved upwardlyto the proper elevation to the end that the operator need only dress thesleeves upon the buck with all other operations being automaticallyperformed in proper sequence.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention, in its broader aspects,provides sleeve pressing apparatus having a buck assembly including apair of elongated, tapered, transversely spaced-apart, upstanding bucksfor respectively receiving the sleeves of a garment with the bodyportion thereof hanging downwardly therefrom. First, power means isprovided for upwardly moving the bucks in the direction of elongationthereof between a lower position and selective upper positions. A pairof pressing heads is provided for each of the bucks respectively formedto conform thereto and, second power means is provided for transverselymoving the pairs of pressing heads between an open position forreceiving the respective bucks therebetween and a closed pressingposition. Third power means is provided for moving the buck assemblybetween an initial dressing position and a pressing position with eachbuck positioned between and in cooperative relationship with a pair ofpressing heads. Means are provided for actuating the first power meansthereby to initiate the upper movement of the bucks. Means are providedcooperating with a sleeve on one of the bucks for sensing upwardmovement of the bucks to a position in which the junction of the sleeveand the body portion of the garment, i.e. the shoulder seam, is at apredetermined elevation, and means are provided coupling the first powermeans and the sensing means and operable thereby to deactuate the firstpower means thereby terminating the upward movement of the bucks at thesaid position thereof.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide improved sleevepressing apparatus.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved sleeve pressingapparatus wherein the bucks are automatically moved upwardly to aposition in which only that portion thereof having sleeves thereon ispositioned between the pressing heads.
The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this invention andthe manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the inventionitself will be best understood by reference to the following descriptionof an embodiment of the invention taken in. conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:
Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a side elevational view,partly in cross-section, illustrating the improved sleeve pressingapparatus of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional View taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear end view of the apparatus as viewed along the line 3-3of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary schematic view in perspective showing the buckmounting structure;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view showing the actuating mechanism for theexpanders;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side view, partly broken away, showing theexpanders;
FIG. 7a is a detail, in cross-section, taken along the line 7a-7a ofFIG. 7;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 ofFIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view showing thedetails of the upper extremity of each buck, taken generally along theline 99 of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away,showing the sensing mechanism of the invention;
FIGS. 11 and 12 are fragmentary schematic views illustrating the mode ofoperation of the sensing mechanism of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away,illustrating the control mechanism;
FIG. 13a is a fragmentary view further showing a detail of the controlmechanism;
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary view in perspective, partly broken away,further illustrating the control mechanism;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the clamp cylinder;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the pneumatic system; and
FIGS. 17a and 17b are schematic views illustrating the mode of operationof the expanders with different type sleeves.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2 and3 of the drawings, the improved sleeve pressing apparatus of theinvention, generally indicated at 20, comprises a frame 21 having a baseportion 22 and transversely spaced-apart side portions 23 and 24. Buckassembly 25 comprises upstanding, elongated, tapered bucks 26 and 27,only one of which is shown in FIG. 1. Each buck is mounted on a supportassembly 28, the two support assemblies 28 in turn being connected topiston rod 29 of a conventional fluid power cylinder D, referred to asthe lift cylinder.
The buck assembly 25 including the bucks 26, 27 and their respectivesupport assemblies 28 are movable vertically in the direction ofelongation of the bucks 26 and 27 between a lower dressing position, asshown in FIG. 1, and selective upper positions, as shown in dashed linesat 30 in FIG. 1.
Two pairs of pressing heads 32 and 33 are provided, the pair 32comprising a movable pressing head 34 and common fixed head 35, and thepair 33 comprising movable pressing head 36 and the common fixed head35. The heads 34, 35 and 36 have suitable recesses 37 formed in thecooperating surfaces to accommodate and conform to the bucks 26 and 27.
The common fixed head 35 is connected by a bracket assembly 38 to a toptransverse member 39 which extends between the side frame portions 23and 24. The movable heads 34 and 36 are respectively connected bymounting assemblies 40 and 42 to the upper ends 43 and 44 of levermembers 45 and 46. Lever members 45 and 46 are pivotally connectedintermediate their ends to transverse frame member 47. The lower ends 50and 52 of the lever members 45 and 46 are respectively connected tofluid power cylinder B, to be hereinafter more fully described, referredto as the clamp cylinder.
FIG. 2 shows the pairs of pressing heads 32 and 33 in their openpositions for receiving the bucks 26 and 27 therebetween, while FIG. 3shows the pairs of heads in their closed positions. A coil spring 53 isconnected between the lower portions of the lever members 45 and 46below the pivot points 48 and 49 so that the movable heads 34 and 36 arenormally urged to their open positions. Actuation of the clamp cylinderB pivots the upper ends 43 and 44 of the lever members 45 and 46 in thedirection shown by the arrow 41 thereby to close the movable heads 34and 36 to their closed, pressing positions.
Buck assembly 25 is moved, as shown by the dashed line 54, from itsdressing location, as shown in FIG. 1, to its pressing location, withthe bucks 26 and 27 respectively positioned between the pairs ofpressing heads 32 and 33, by a lever member 55 having its forward end 56connected to the lift cylinder D and its rear end 57 connected to atransverse member 58 pivotally connected to the base portion 22 of frame21. Lever member 55 may then be pivotally moved in the direction shownby the arrow 59 from its position shown in solid lines in FIG. 1 to theposition shown by the dashed lines 60.
Another lever member 63 'is provided having an end 64 pivotallyconnected by a bracket 65 to the transverse frame member 47. A link 66connects lever member 55 and lever member 63. A conventional fluid powercylinder A, referred to as the tilt cylinder is provided connected tothe transverse member 31 of base portion 22 of frame 21, and having itspiston rod 69 connected to lever member 63. A conventional snubbingmechanism 67 is mounted on transverse member 31 and is connected to thelever 63 by a link 68.
It will readily be seen that the pressing heads 32 and 33 and the buckassembly 25 are relatively disposed, and that the lever member 55 is ofsuch length that the weight of the buck assembly 25 will normally biasthe same downwardly to its dressing position, as shown in FIG. 1.Actuation of the tilt cylinder A resulting in upward movement of itspiston rod 69 in the direction shown by the arrow 70 results in upwardpivotal movement of the lever member 63, as shown by the dashed lines72, in turn resulting in the aforesaid upward pivotal movement of thebuck assembly 25 to its pressing position. A suitable spring 73 isconnected between a bracket assembly 74 mounted on the transverse framemember 39 and the lever member 63 and serves to assist the tilt cylinderA in providing the upward pivotal movement of the buck assembl 25.
It will be readily understood that the pressing heads 34, 35 and 36 areheated in conventional fashion, as by steam from a source (not shown)coupled to fittings 75.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, the support assemblies 28 for mountingthe bucks 26 and 27 upon the piston rod 29 of the lift cylinder D willbe more fully described. End 56 of lever member number 55 is connectedto the lift cylinder D by means of an L-shaped bracket member 76 havingan upper leg 77 with an aperture therein through which the piston rod 29extends. A generally T- shaped member 78 is rigidly connected to theupper end 79 of the piston rod 29. A guide bar 80 is connected to theouter end of the leg 82 of a member 78 and extends downwardly therefrom.Leg 77 of the bracket 76 has a slot 83 formed therein which slidablyreceives the guide bar 80 thus preventing the guide bar and the member78 from turning. A generally Y-shaped member 84 is secured to the guidebar 80 extending rearwardly therefrom and spaced downwardly from the leg82 of member 78. Legs 85 and 86 of the member 84 have their extremitiesin vertically spaced alignment with the extremities of the bar portion87, 88 of member 78. A pair of pivot members 89, 90 extend between thelegs 85, 86 of member 84 and the extremities at the bar portion 87, 88of member 78, being pivotally connected thereto for providing the forceof pivotal motion of bucks 26 and 27.
Each of the buck supports 28 comprises a generally U-shaped frame havingan upper connecting member 93 and leg members 94 and 95 extendingtherefrom. A horizontally extending bar 96 is centrally rigidly securedto each of the pivot members 89, 90, so as to pivot therewith. A pair oflinks 97, 98 are respectively pivotally connected at their upper ends toeach of the bars 96 and respectively pivotally connected adjacent theirlower ends to the lower extremities 99 of the leg members 94 and 95 ofthe U-shaped frame 28. A bar 100 is connected to and extends between thelower ends of links 97 and 98.
It will now be seen that the mounting of the supports 28 on the members78 and 84 by means of the pivot members 89 and 90 provides for pivotalmotion of the supports 28 and the bucks 26 and 27 between a positionfacing divergently outwardly in direction 102 facing away from thepressing heads 32 and 33, as shown in dashed lines 94a and 95a in FIG.5, to a position in which the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 aregenerally parallel, as shown in solid lines. It will further be seenthat the mounting of the supports 28 by means of the links 97 and 98provides a further compound motion or double-jointed connection of thebucks, the first motion being a pivotal motion abut pivot points 103with the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 thus having free pivotalmovement between a divergently upwardly facing position and a generallyparallel position, as shown by the arrow 104, and a further free motiontoward and away from each other, as shown by the arrows 105. It will bereadily upderstood that the bucks are padded, as at 101a (FIG. 7) and itwill further be observed that the central pressing head 35 is stationarywhereas the other two heads 34 and 36 are respectively moveable. Whenthe bucks are initially positioned between the pressing heads, they aregenerally parallel, however, when the moveable heads 34 and 36 areactuated to their pressing positions, the padding 101 is compressed andthere is thus a tendency for each buck to move laterally toward thecentral head 35. In the absence of the double jointed connection of thebucks, abovedescribed, this lateral movement is provided by meredeflection of the bucks thus resulting in unequal pressing pressure.However, the compound motion or double jointed connection of the bucksaccommodates this tendency for lateral motion within the pressing headsand thus provides equal pressing pressure.
Stops 106 respectively secured to the support legs 94 and engageablewith the pivot posts 89 and 90 limit the outward pivotal movement of thesupports 28 and bucks- 26, 27. Springs 107 respectively connectedbetween the guide 80 and the legs 94 normally bias the supports 28 andbucks 26 and 27 to their divergently outwardly, forwardly facingpositions shown in FIG. 5. A conventional fluid-actuated cylinder Freferred to as the swivel cylinder acts upon the stops 106 and whenactuated pivots or swivels the supports 28 and bucks 26 and 27 to theirparallel positions. Stops 108 are rigidly secured to the members 96 anddepend therefrom, stops 108 cooperating with stop member 109 on the leg77 of bracket 76 for limiting the inward pivotal motion of the supports28.
Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, each of the bucks 26, 27 comprisesa central, elongated, upwardly extending heating element 110 having acentral passageway 112 therein. Heating element 110 is heated in aconventional fashion, as by steam from a source (not shown) connected toconventional fittings 113. The lower end 114 of the heating element 110is rigidly secured to plate members 115, 116 which, in turn, are rigidlysecured to the top member 93 of the support 28. Padding 101 comprisestwo separate padding elements 101a and 1011] respectively covering theopposite surfaces of the heating element 110 and extending outwardlyfrom the opposite sides thereof to define recesses in which theexpanders 117 and 118 are accommodated when in their retractedpositions. Padding elements 101a and 101b are removably secured to theheating element 110 in conventional fashion, as by a spring 131 at theirlower ends and studs 111 at their upper ends (FIG. 8).
Expander 117 comprises an elongated rigid element 119 having lower andupper ends 120 and 121, and a flexible element 122 which defines theouter perimetral boundary thereof. Element 122 has its bottom end 122arigidly secured to lower end 120 of element 119 and has a pair of springloops 123 formed in its rigid bottom portion 122b. Flexible element 122has a reverse bend 1220 formed at its upper end and another reverse bend122d formed adjacent its top end, bend 122d being slidably received in aslot 124 in a guide member 125 secured to rigid element 119 adjacent itsupper end 121.
A rigid spacer 126 interconnects rigid element 119 and the upper sideportion 122s of flexible element 122. A moveable rod 127 is connected tothe lower side portion 122i of the flexible element 122 and extendsloosely through an opening in rigid element 119. Rod 127 has inner andouter stops 127a and 127b thereon on either side of the rigid element119. Expander 117 is partially covered with a sleeve 128 of flexiblepadding material open at its inner side 128a to accommodate movement offlexible element 122.
With the provision of the moveable rod 127, the lower side portion 122of the flexible element 122 may flex inwardly to the position shown indashed lines at 122g to accommodate short sleeves, and also toaccommodate long sleeved shirts of various shapes and sizes from theelbow to the shoulder, the spring loops 123 also accommodating thisflexing of portion. 122 The upper bend 1220 may also flex inwardly, asshown by the dashed lines 122h, thereby to accommodate long sleevedshirts of various sizes and shapes in the placket area just below thecuff. Rigid spacer 126 establishes the extent of actual movement ofexpander 117, the upper and lower portions 1220 and 122 independentlyflexing accordingly.
The other expander 118 comprises an elongated rigid element 342 havinglower and upper ends 343 and 344, and an elongated rigid element 345which defines the outer perimetral boundary thereof. Element 345 has itslower end 346 connected to lower end 343 of element 342. Element 345 hasa reverse bend 347 at its upper end and is attached at end 348 to theupper end 344 of element 342. Rigid spacers 349 and 350 interconnectelements 342 and 345, as shown. Expander 118 is covered with flexiblepadding material 352.
Expanders 117 and 118 are selectively moved between their retracted andprotracted positions by the arrangement now to be described. A pair oflever members 129, 130 are provided having their lower ends 132, 133pivotally connected to the side legs 94 and of the support 28 adjacenttheir lower extremities 99, as at 134. The upper ends 135, 136 of thepivoted lever members 129, 130 are respectively coupled by links 137,138 to the lower ends and 343 of the rigid elements 119 and 342 of theexpanders 117, 118, links 137, 138 in the retracted positions of theexpanders 117, 118 being received Within recesses or grooves 139 formedin the plate members 115, 116, as best seen in FIG. 7. It will now beseen that pivotal movement of the lever members 129, between theirpositions shown in solid lines in FIG. 6 to their positions shown indashed lines at 129a and 130a will respectively move the lower ends 120and 343 of the rigid elements 119 and 342 (and thus the lower ends ofthe expanders 117 and 118) from their retracted positions adjacent thesides of heating element 110, to their protracted positions, as shown inFIG. 7.
The upper ends 121 and 344 of the rigid element 119 and 342 arerespectively coupled by clips 140, 142 to ends 143, 144 of lever members145, 146 which are pivoted intermediate their ends to plate members 147,148 respectively attached to the upper end 149 of heating element 110.The other ends 150, 152 of lever members and 146 are respectivelyconnected to the upper ends 153, 154 of actuating rod elements 155, 156which extend downwardly through the central opening 112 in the heatingelement 110, as best seen in FIG. 9. It will now be seen that downwardmovement of the actuating rods 155, 156 in the direction shown by thearrows 157 will result in pivoting the lever members 145 and 146 therebyto move their ends 143 and 144, and the upper ends 121 and 344 of therigid elements 119 and 342 of the expanders 117, 118 outwardly fromtheir retracted positions, to their expanded or protracted positions, asshown in FIG. 7. It will now be seen that the lower and upper ends ofthe expanders 117, 118 are independently actuated between theirretracted and expanded positions, the lower ends being actuated betweenthe retracted and protracted positions by means of the pivoted levermembers 129 and 130, and the upper ends likewise being moved betweentheir retracted and protracted ends by 7 lever members and 146 and, inturn, by the actuating rods and 156.
Referring now to particularly FIGS. 8 and 9, in order to actuate theexpanders 117, 118 of each of the bucks 26 and 27, and also to actuatethe lift cylinder D, as will be hereinafter more fully described, eachof the bucks 26 and 27 has a manually actuated cap member 158 at itsupper end. The manually actuated cap member 158 comprises a suitablemolded cover 159 secured to a lever member 160 by a suitable threadedfastener 162. Lever member 160 is transversely disposed between the twoplate members 147, 148 and is pivotally connected thereto by means of asuitable hinge 163. A suitable T-shaped clamp 164 is provided forclamping the cuff portion of the shirt to the buck, clamp 164 beingconnected to the lever member 160 by a bar 165. Lever member 160 withthe cap 159 thereon is selectively manually moveable between adeactuated position, as shown in solid lines in FIG. 8, in which theclamp 164 is disengaged from the cuff of a shirt, to an actuatedposition, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 8, in which the clamp 164will be in full engagement with the cuff portion of the shirt.
Another actuating rod 166 is provided connected to the lever member 160intermediate the hinge 163 and the clamp rod 165, actuating rod 166extending downwardly through the opening 112 in the heating element 110in spaced parallel relationship with the actuating rods 155, 156. Itwill be readily apparent that manual actuation of the cap member 158from its deactuated position to its actuated position in the directionshown by the arrow 167 in FIG. 8 will result in downward movement of theactuating rod 166 in the direction shown by the arrow 168 in FIG. 9.
Referring now particualrly to FIG. 6, actuating rods 155 and 156 for thelever members 145 and 146, and the actuating rod 166 from themanually-actuated cap 158 extend downwardly through the central opening112 in the heating element 110, downwardly between the plate members 115and 116, and downwardly through an opening 169 in the top member 93 ofthe support 28. The lower extremity 170 of the actuating rod 166 iscoupled to one end 171 of lever member 172 which is pivotally mounted,as at 173, to selectively actuable valve G. Valve G is mounted on theside leg 94 of support 28 by a suitable bracket 174. Lever member 172has a leg 175 extending downwardly therefrom and connected to the springactuating member 176 for the valve G. Lever member 175 is normallybiased to its de-actuated position by means of a suitable spring 177coupled between the leg 175 of lever member 172 and the other leg 95 ofsupport 28.
The other end of lever member 172 is coupled by a link 179 to anotherlever member 180. One end of 182 of lever member is coupled by anequalizing link 183 to the bottom ends 184 and 185 of actuating rods155, 156. The other end 186 of lever member 180 is coupled to piston rod187 of conventional fluid-actuated cylinder G, referred to as the clampand expand cylinder.
The other side of the clamp and expand cylinder G is connected to oneend 188 of lever member 189* which is pivotally connected, as at 190 toa bracket 192 connected to leg 94 of support 28. The other end 193 oflever member 189 is connected by a link 194 to an equalizing link 195.The opposite ends 196 and 197 of the equalizing link are coupled bylinks 198 and 199 to the ends of members 200 and 201 which are rigidlyconnected to the lever members 130, 129 adjacent their pivot points, asshown. Lever members 129, 130 are normally biased to their retractedpositions by means of suitable springs 203, as shown.
It will now be seen that manual actuation of the cap member 158 from itsposition shown in solid lines in FIG. 8 to its clamping and actuatingposition as shown in dashed lines in that figure so as to clamp the cuffportions of the sleeves, will result in downward movement of theactuating rod 166 in the direction shown by the arrow 168, therebyactuating lever member 172 to its position shown in dashed lines 172a,and moving leg portion 175 thereof to its position shown in dashed linesat 175a, thereby actuating the actuating member 176 and in turnactuating valve G so as to actuate the clamp and expand cylinder G.Clamp and expand cylinder G is free floating, i.e. neither end isrigidly connected, and thus upon initial actuation, piston rod 187 willmove upwardly thereby to pivot lever member 180' to its position shownin dashed lines at 180a thereby moving the equalizing link 183 and theactuating rods 155, 156 downwardly in the direction as shown by thearrows 157, in turn actuating lever members 145 and 146 to move theupper ends of the expanders 117, 118 toward their protracted positions.When the lever members 145 and 146 have been thus pivoted to move theupper ends of the expanders 117 and 118 toward their protractedpositions, further downward movement of the actuating rods 155 and 156will be prohibited thus causing the connection 204 between the levermember 180 and the equalizing link 183 to become the pivot point. Atthis point, a further incremental upward movement of the piston rod 187of the clamp and expand cylinder G will actuate link 179 upwardlythereby to pivot end 171 of lever member 172 downwardly a furtherincremental amount thus moving actuating rod 166 further dowwardly so asto tightly clamp the clamp 164 against the cult of the sleeve. When nofurther downward movement of actuating rod 166 is possible, continuedactuation of the clamp and expand cylinder G will result in downwardmovement of the cylinder itself, as shown by the arrow 205 thus pivotingend 188 of the lever member 189 downwardly and pivoting the end 193upwardly, as shown by the dashed lines 193a, in turn moving link 194 andthe equalizing link 195 upwardly, and further in turn moving the upperends of the members 200 and 201 upwardly so as to pivot lever members129 and 138 outwardly toward their positions shown in dashed lines 129aand 130a. As previously indicated, movement of lever members 129 and 130toward their outwardly pivoted positions 129a and 130a results inoutward movement of the lower ends of the expanders 117 and 118 fromtheir retracted toward their protracted positions.
It will now be seen that the provision of the flexible element 122 whichdefines the perimetral edge of the expanders 117, 118, the independentactuation of the upper and lower ends of the expanders from theirretracted toward their protracted positions by means of the levermembers 145, 146, and 129, 138 and the equalizer links 183 and 195permit the expanders to accommodate themselves to a wide variety ofshapes and sizes of sleeves, both long and short, thereby to provide abetter and more equal expansion of all configurations of sleeves.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 17a, there is shown a sleeve 227a ofa long-sleeved shirt positioned on buck 26. It will be seen that the topedge 353 of the sleeve is maintained substantially straight by the rigidexpander 118, while the flexible expander 117 conforms to the shape ofthe bottom edge 354, both expanders cooperating to maintain the sleevetaut on the buck. Referring to FIG. 17b, there is shown a sleeve 22712of a short-sleeved shirt positioned on the buck 26. Here, theconformance of the flexible expander 117 to the shape of the sleeve,together with the unequal outward movement of the upper ends of theexpanders 117 and 118, which is accommodated by equalizer link 183 (FIG.6) is clearly seen.
It will be understood that the clamp 164 engages and holds together thesplit in the cuff portion of the shirt, i.e. it holds the edges of theshirt in edge-to-edge relation as determined by the operator. It willalso be observed that with the clamp 164 and the upper ends 121 and 344of the expanders 117 and 118 interconnected by rod 166, lever 172 andlink 179 on the one hand, and rods 156 and 155, link 183 and lever 180on the other, force applied to the upper ends of the expanders tendingto separate the split results in the application of further force on theclamp to hold the split more securely. It will further be seen that thelinkage 172, 179, 180 provides a lost motion connection so that when theupper ends of the expanders have moved outwardly until restrained,further expansive force will result in the application of still furtherclamping force.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 10, 11 and 12, there will be described themechanism for automatically sensing the upward movement of the shoulderseam of the sleeve to a predetermined elevation and for terminating theupward movement of the bucks 26 and 27 in response thereto. An elongatedsensing element in the form of a relatively rigid rod 204 is providedhaving its lower end 205 pivotally connected to a bracket member 206secured to the bottom end of the lift cylinder D and having a small knob207 at its upper end. Rod 204 is a predetermined length and the knob 207at its distal end is thus at a predetermined elevation above the baseportion 22 of the frame 21. The upper portion of sensing rod 204 extendsupwardly in close proximity to one of the bucks, i.e. buck 26.
An operating member in the form of an elongated rod 208 is providedhaving a loop 209 attached to its upper end 210, loop 209 slidablyreceiving the sensing rod 204. A right-angle end 212 is formed at thelower end of rod 208 and laterally projecting portion 213 is rigidlysecured to a clevis 214. Clevis 214 is pivotally connected to member 215which, in turn, is rigidly connected to side leg 95 of support 28, by abracket 216. Operating member 208 and, in turn, sensing rod 204 are thusadapted to be pivotally moved :from an upright position, as shown insolid lines in FIG .10, in which the upper portion of rod 204 isgenerally parallel with and closely adjacent the outer surface of buck26, laterally away from buck 26, as shown by the dashed lines 204a.Operating rod 208 has a projection 217 thereon connected to actuate thespring-actuator 218 of valve H which is mounted on side leg 25 ofsupport 28 by means of a bracket 219. As will be hereinafter described,valve H is coupled in the actuating system of the lift cylinder D andserves, when actuated, to terminate actuation of the lift cylinder D andthus the upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27.
Clevis 214 has a projection 220 depending therefrom. A conventionalfluid-actuated cylinder H, referred to as the sensing cylinder, isconnected between projection 220 and the bracket 222 mounted on the sideleg 95 of the support 28. Sensing cylinder H, when actuated, serves tourge or bias operating rod 208 and, in turn, the sensing rod 204outwardly away from buck 26 as shown by the arrows 223 and 224, sensingcylinder H urging projection 220 of the clevis 214 pivotally as shown bythe arrow 225.
Referring now to FIG. 11 in which the bucks 26 and 27 are shown in theirlower, dressing position, the knob 207 and the upper portion of sensingrod 204 are normally positioned closely adjacent the outer surface 226of buck 26. In operation, sleeves 227 and 228 of a shirt are dresseddownwardly over the upstanding bucks 26 and 27 with the body portion 229of the shirt hanging downwardly from the sleeves. It will thus be seenthat the dressing position of the buck assembly, the knob 207 and theupper portion of the Sensing rod 204 is positioned between the outersurface 226 of buck 26 and the inner surface of the sleeve 227. As willbe hereinafter more fully described in conjunction with FIG. 16,actuation of the cap 158 associated with buck 27 actuates the valve Gand the clamp and expand cylinder G, respectively associated with buck27, thereby to actuate the expanders 117 and 118 associated with buck27, thereby to expand sleeve 228. Actuation of the cap 158 associatedwith buck 26 not only actuates valve G and the clamp and expand cylinderG associated with buck 26 thereby to actuate expanders 117 and 118associated with that buck, but also actuates sensing cylinder H therebycausing the cylinder H to urge projection 220 of clevis 214 in thedirection shown by the arrow 225, in turn urging or biasing operatingrod 208 and sensing rod 204 laterally outwardly away from buck 26 in thedirection shown by the arrow 224. However, lateral movement of sensingrod 204 and operating rod 208 in direction 224 sufficient to actuatev-alve H is at this point precluded by engagement of knob 207 of sensingrod 204 with the inner surface of the expanded and thus taught sleeve227. Actuation of the cap 158 associated with buck 26 likewise actuatedthe lift cylinder D causing its piston rod. 29 to commence upwardmovement of the bucks 26 and 27, in the direction shown by the arrow229, as above described.
Referring particularly to FIG. 12, as the upward movement of the bucks26 and 27 continues in the direction 229, when the knob 207 at thedistal end of the sensing rod 204 passes the junction or shoulder seam232 between the sleeve 227 and the body portion 230, the restraintagainst the lateral outward movement of sensing rod 204 and operatingrod 208 is suddenly removed and sensing rod 204 and operating rod 208will be pivoted laterally outwardly away from the outer surface 226 ofbuck 227, as shown. This lateral outward movement of sensing rod 204 andoperating rod 208 will actuate actuator 218 of valve H which, as willhereinafter be described, is coupled with the lift cylinder D toterminate the actuation thereof, thereby automatically to terminateupward movement of the bucks 26 and 27. FIGS. 17a and 17b show the buck26 in the same position as that shown in FIG. 12, i.e., with knob 207 ofsensing rod 204 just past shoulder seam 232.
It will now be seen that the sensing rod 204 cooperates with the sleeve227 on the one buck 26 as the buck with the sleeve thereon is movedupwardly by the lift cylinder D, the sensing rod 204 sensing passage ofthe shoulder seam 232 upwardly past the predetermined elevationdetermined by the length of the sensing rod 204 and terminating theupward movement of the bucks in response thereto.
It will now be readily seen that the length of the sensing rod 204 is sorelated to the dimensions and position of the pressing heads 32 and 33that the position to which the bucks 26 and 27 is moved is such thatonly that portion of the bucks having the sleeves 227 and 228 thereon ispositioned between the pressing heads. Thus, in the case of a garmenthaving small sleeves, the shoulder seam 232 will be positioned aconsiderable distance up the bucks 26, 27 from the supports 28, andtherefore, only a relatively small amount of upward movement of thebucks in the direction 229 will be provided before the shoulder seam 232reaches the elevation established by the distal end 207 of the sensingrod 204. On the other hand, in the case of relatively large sleeves, theshoulder seam 232 will be located much farther down the bucks 26 and 27toward the supports 28 and, therefore, a considerably greater amount ofupward movement of the bucks 26, 27 in direction 229 will be providedbefore distal end 207 passes the shoulder seam 232. In the case of anysize sleeve, however, the upward movement of the bucks 26, 27 will be tothat position at whichthe distal end or sensing knob 207 of the sensingrod 204 senses upward passage of the shoulder seam 232 past the distalend 207 at which point the upward movement will be terminated, thatposition being such that only that portion of the bucks having thesleeves thereon will be inserted between the pressing heads. It will beobserved that this control of the upward movement of the bucks iscompletely automatic, the bucks being properly positioned with respectto the pressing heads 32 and 33 automatically for every size sleevewithout requiring any decision or operation on the part of the operatorof the apparatus.
Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 14, an elongated control level 233 isprovided pivotally mounted as at 234 adjacent its end 235 to pivot posts236 which, in turn, are mounted on a bracket member 237. Bracket member237 is secured to the upright frame member 24 and is further secured inposition by means of a brace 238. The outer end 239 of control level 233has a roller 240 mounted thereon which cooperates with a detent lever242 having its lower end pivotally connected to upright frame member 23,as at 243. Detent lever 242 has two detent portions 244 and 245 whichcooperate with the roller 240. Detent lever 242 is biased to itsoperative position by means of a suitable spring 246 coupled betweentransverse frame member 39 and the upper end 247 of the detent levermember.
Control lever 233 is pivoted downwardly in the direction shown by thearrow 248 from its unactuated position with roller 240 in engagementwith detent notch 244, as shown in FIG. 13, to its actuated positionwith the roller 240 in engagement with detent notch 245, by thearrangement now to be described. A pair of manually-actuated levermembers 249, 250 are connected to a transverse bar 252 pivotally mountedon base portion 22 of the frame 21. Manually actuated lever members 249,250, are respectively disposed on either side of the lever member 55(FIGS. 1 and 14). A lever 253 is rigidly connected to the rod 252 andhas its outer end connected by link 254 to one end 255 of lever member256. Lever member 256 is pivotally mounted intermediate its ends, as at257, to transverse frame member 258 of the base portion 22 of the frame21. The other end 259 of lever member 256 is connected by a link 260 toa bracket 262 mounted on control lever member 233 intermediate its ivotpoint 234 and its outer end 239.
It will now be seen by reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 that manualactuation of the lever members 249 or 250 in the direction shown by thearrows 263 will result in pivotal upward movement of lever member 253 inthe direction shown by the arrow 264, in turn resulting in pivotaldownward movement of end 259 of lever member 256, as shown by the arrow265, downward movement of link 260 in the direction shown by the arrow266, and finally in pivotal downward movement of the control levermember 233 in the direction shown by the arrow 248 thus forcing roller240 to move from engagement with detent notch 244 to engagement withdetent notch 245 against the force exerted by spring 246.
Control lever 233 has a bracket 267 secured thereto which actuatesactuating spring 268 of valve A which is mounted on a support bracket237 by a bracket 269. Valve A is coupled to actuate the tilt cylinder A.Thus, manual actuation of control levers 249, 250 resulting in pivotaldownward movement of control lever 233 will result in actuation of valveA and, in turn, actuation of tilt cylinder A to initiate its upwardmovement in direction 70, thereby to initiate movement of the buckassembly 25 from its dressing position to its pressing position.
A link 270 is pivoted intermediate its ends, as at 272 in a slot 273formed in control lever 233. End 274 of lever 270 is in verticalalignment with the upper end 275 of snubber link 68 which is connectedto the lever member 63. A valve F supported from support bracket 237 bya bracket 276 has an actuating lever 277 biased upwardly by spring 278.A member 279 eXtending outwardly from lever member 63 normally engagesactuating lever 277 of valve F when the tilt cylinder A is in itsretracted position (with the buck assembly in its dressing position)thereby deactuating valve F. As piston rod 69 of tilt cylinder A beginsits upward movement in direction 70 responsive to actuation of valve A,member 279 will move away from actuating lever 277 of valve F therebypermitting actuation of the same in response to spring 278, in turnactuating the buck swivel cylinder F to pivot the bucks 26 and 27 totheir parallel pressing position. Thus, the bucks are pivoted to theirpressing position simultaneously with initial tilting movement thereof.
When the piston rod 69 of the tilt cylinder A has moved upwardly indirection 70 to its upper extremity thus positioning the bucks 26 and 27between the two pairs of pressing heads 34, 35 and 36, end 275 of thelink 68 will engage end 274 of lever 270 thus pivoting its other end 280downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 282 to actuate valve Bmounted on the support bracket 237. Valve B is coupled to actuate clampcylinder B thus to actuate the lever members 45 and 46 to move themovable pressing heads 34 and 36 into pressing engagement with the bucks27 and 26 respectively.
A lever member 283 is pivotally mounted on the support bracket 237 andis coupled by a link 284 to the lower end 52 of head-actuating levermember 46. Thus, as the lower end 52 of lever member 46 is pivotedoutwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 285 in response toactuation of the clamp cylinder B, lever member 283 is pivoteddownwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 285 to actuate valves Dand E. Valve E couples the source of air to a suitable heater 286 (FIG.16) which supplies heated air to jets on the pressing plates for heatingthe exposed edges of the sleeves in known fashion. As will behereinafter described valve D closes the exhaust line for the clampcylinder B.
A conventional fluid actuated cylinder C, referred to as the timingcylinder is mounted on frame member 39 extending downwardly therefrom.Timing cylinder C has a clevis 286 at the end of its piston rod 287which cooperates with a projection 288 formed on the bracket 262.Bracket 262 has a U-shaped portion 289 cooperating with a snubber member290 mounted on a bracket 292 which, in turn is mounted on the supportbracket 237.
As will be hereinafter described, timing cylinder C is normally chargedso that its piston rod 287 is fully protracted. As will be hereinaftermore fully described, when the pilot valve 293 (FIG. 16) associated withthe clamp cylinder B shifts from its closing to its squeezing position,it starts to bleed air from the timing cylinder C so that its piston rod287 is retracted in timed fashion in the direction shown by the arrow294. At the end of its timed retracting stroke, abutment 295 of clevis286 engages extension 288 of the bracket 262 thereby moving the controllever member 233 upwardly from its actuated position to its deactuatedposition with roller 240 moving out of engagement with detent notch 245and into engagement with detent notch 244 against the force exerted byspring 246 on the detent lever member 242.
Movement of the control lever 233 to its deactuated position pivots itsend 235 downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 296 so that end235 actuates valve C mounted on the supporter bracket 237. As will behereinafter described, valve C commonly referred to as the exhaustvalve, serves to exhaust air from the clamp cylinder B. Movement ofcontrol lever 233 to its deactuated position deactuates valve B therebyremoving the clamp air from the small cylinder 298 of clamp cylinder Band causlng actuation of pilot valve 293 to permit repressurization oflarge cylinder 384 of cylinder B, thereby moving lever members 45 and 46to open the moveable pressing heads 34 and 36. Movement of the lower end52 of lever member 46 in the opposite direction thereby to open pressinghead 36 pivots lever member 283 upwardly to deactuate the valves D andE. Movement of the control lever 233 to its deactuated position alsodeactuates valve A thereby to deactuate the tilt cylinder A to initiatereturn of the buck assembly 25 from its pressing position to itsdressing position.
Referring to FIGS. 13, 13a and 14, a clamp and expand tripping pedal 362is pivotally mounted on front transverse frame member 360, as at 363,and has an actuating lever 364 connected thereto and extendingrearwardly therefrom. Pedal valve P is mounted on bracket 276 and hasits actuating lever 375 connected to lever 364 by rod 365. A spring 370normally biases lever 344, rod 365, and actuating lever 375 downwardlyso as to maintain valve P in a normally open position.
A tripping lever 372 is pivotally mounted on a bracket 369 attached toside frame member 24. A tripping cam 373 is pivotally mounted on one endof lever 372 and cooperates with roller 374 on rod 365. A pin 368extends outwardly from snubber rod 68 and normally holds lever 372 andcam 373 in the position shown in FIG. 13a when the apparatus is in itsat-rest position, i.e. with the buck assembly 25 at its dressinglocation.
When the snubber rod 68 moves upwardly in the direction shown by thearrow 70 as the buck assembly 25 is pivoted to its pressing location, asabove described, pin 368 moves upwardly permitting lever 372 and cam 373to pivot downwardly to the position shown at 373a in FIG. 13a, cam 373being pivoted to pass roller 374. In its position shown at 373a, cam 373is in its actuating position under roller 374.
When the snubber rod 68 moves downwardly, as shown by the arrow 70a,responsive to pivOtal return movement of the buck assembly from itspressing location back to its dressing location, pin 368 engages lever372 thereby pivoting cam 373 upwardly to engage roller 374 thereby tomove rod 365 upwardly in the direction shown by the arrow 376 to actuatepedal valve P to its exhaust position. As the downward movement ofsnubber rod continues, the end of the cam 373 will roll off of theroller 374 so that lever 372 and cam 373 resume their position shown insolid lines in FIG. 13a and spring 370 will then return rod 365 andpedal valve P to the normally open position. A stop 377 on lever 372cooperates with cam 373 to hold it in its actuating position whileengaging roller 374. It will be readily seen that cam 373 pivots awayfrom stop 377 during the downward pivotal movement of lever 372 topermit cam 373 to pass roller 374.
Referring now to FIG. 15, in the preferred embodiment of the invention,clamp cylinder B is pneumatically actuated and is of the double-pistontype, similar to that described and illustrated in Patent No. 2,458,976of the present applicant Campbell. Here, piston rod 298 is hollow,forming a cylinder having a piston 299 moving therein and mounted on apiston rod 300 which is secured to the rear end wall 302 of the largecylinder 304. Another piston 306 is secured to the inner end 308 of thehollow piston rod 298. The larger piston 306 normally has a clearancewith the inner wall of the larger cylinder 304, but forms a sealingrelationship with a reduced wall portion 310 at the forward end wall 312of the large cylinder 304 for a purpose shortly to be described. Aninlet conduit 314 communicates with the larger diameter section of thelarge cylinder 304 and another conduit 316 communicates with the smallerdiameter section defined by the wall portion 310. Another inlet conduit318 communicates with the interior of the hollow piston rod 298. It willbe readily understood that the lower ends 50 and 52 of the lever members45 and 46 are respectively coupled to end 320 of the hollow piston rod298 and end 322 of the end wall 302.
Referring now to FIG. 16, an inlet air line 324 is prvided adaptablycoupled to a suitable source of air under pressure (not shown). Inletair line 324 is coupled to a conventional regulator 326 which reducesthe inlet air pressure to a suitable pressure, such as approximately 80p.s.i. Line 327 from the regulator 326 is coupled by valve A to the tiltcylinder A. Line 327 is also coupled by line 328, valve B and line 329to the inlet conduit 318 of the clamp cylinder B which communicates withthe hollow piston rod 298. Line 330 also couples valve B to valve Cwhich in turn is coupled by a conventional bleeder valve 332 to valve D,which finally is coupled to a suitable mufiler 333. Line 328 from theregulator 326 is also coupled by a valve F to the buck swivel cylinderF. Finally, line 328 is coupled to one side of a conventional pilotvalve 293. Line 329 from valve B is also coupled by a conventionalneedle valve 334 to the pilot valve 293. Inlet conduits 314 and 316 ofthe clamp cylinder B are likewise coupled to the pilot valve. Timingcylinder C 14 is charged through the pilot valve 293 by line 335 andmetering check valve 336.
Inlet line 324 is coupled to another conventional regulator 337 whichreduces the inlet air pressure to a suitable pressure such asapproximately 50 to 60 p.s.i. Line 338 from the regulator 337 is coupledby pedal valve P, line 341 and valve G, associated with buck 27 to theclamp and expand cylinder G of buck 27. Line 341 is also coupled by thevalve G of the buck 26 to the clamp and expand cylinder G of buck 26.Line 339 from the valve G associated with buck 26 is also coupled to theSensing cylinder H and by the valve H through a conventional quickexhaust valve 340 to the lift cylinder D.
OPERATION The operator dresses the sleeves of a shirt to be pressed uponthe bucks 26 and 27. The cap member 158 associated with buck 27 is firstactuated thus actuating valve G and the clamp and expand cylinder Gassociated with buck 27, through the normally open pedal valve P, thusmoving the expanders 117 and 118 of buck 27 to their expanded positions.Cap 158 associated with buck 26 is then actuated which actuates valve Gand the clamp and expand cylinder G associated with buck 26 also throughthe normally open pedal valve P, thereby to actuate the expanders 1 17and 118 associated with that buck to their expanded positions. Sensingcylinder H is also actuated to apply the bias force on the operating rod208 and sensing rod 204. Valve H is normally open and thus lift cylinderD is actuated to initiate upward movement of the bucks 26 and 27, upwardmovement being terminated by actuation of valve H in response to sensingof the upward passage of the shoulder seam by the distal end 207 of thesensing rod 204. If there should be a need at this point to release theclamps and expanders, the operator may manually actuate pedal 362 whichwill move rod 365 upwardly to actuate pedal valve P to its exhaustposition, thereby to permit cylinders G, G and the lift and sensingcylinders D and H to exhaust through exhaust port 366 of pedal valve P.
The operator then actuates one or the other of the control levers 249,250 thereby actuating valve A to actuate the tilt cylinder A to move thebuck assembly 25 from its dressing position to its pressing positionwith the bucks 26 and 27 respectively between the pressing heads 34, 35and 36. When the buck assembly 25 has reached its pressing position,valve B is actuated (valves C and D being closed) thereby applying highpressure air to the hollow poston rod 298 of the clamp cylinder B whichaccordingly extends to cause the lever members 45 and 46 and themoveable pressing heads 34 and 36 to close rapidly and sufiiciently tocause the moveable pressing heads to touch the bucks 26- and 27.Meanwhile timing cylinder C Was charged when air was supplied to thesystem through pilot valve 293 and the metering check valve 336, and itspiston rod 287 extended.
Pilot valve 293 is of the air-piloted, spring-returned type. The highpressure air in line 328 normally holds the spool of pilot valve 293against its spring (not shown) so that the valve 293 normally couplesline 328 to both ports 314 and 316 of the clamp cylinder B, the largecylinder 304 thus normally being filled with high pressure air. It willbe observed that as the hollow piston rod 298 moves outwardly in thedirection shown by the arrow 342 in FIG. 15, in response to applicationof high pressure air to port 318, there is no contact between the largepiston 306 and the wall of the large cylinder 304 until the large pistoncomes into sealing contact with the reduced-diameter wall portion 310adjacent the end of its stroke.
The hollow piston rod 298 has now closed the movable heads 34, 36 andhas also moved the large piston 306 into sealing contact with thereduced diameter wall portion 310 of the large cylinder 304. At thispoint, pressure has built up through needle valve 394 which, when addedto the internal spring pressure, overcomes the high pressure airsupplied to pilot valve 293 by line 328 causing the spool of that valveto shift.
Shifting of the spool of pilot valve 293 connects port 316 to a meteredexhaust 344 thereby to exhaust the air in the reduced-diameter portion310 of the large cylinder 304. However, air is exhausted only from oneside of the large piston 306 by reason of its sealing contact with thereduced-diameter wall portion 310, port 314 remaining connected to thehigh pressure line 328 thus applying full pressure to the other side ofthe large piston 306, in addition to the pressure applied by line 329 tothe small piston 229, so that a greatly increased squeezing force isexerted on the lever members 45 and 46 and the movable heads 34 and 36.
Shifting of the spool in the pilot valve 293 to provide the squeezingforce initiates bleeding of the timing cylinder C through the line 335thereby initiating the timing operation.
Retraction of the timing cylinder C, as above described, and theresultant return of the control lever member 233 to its deactuatedposition deactuates valve B and actuates valve C to couple the hollowpiston rod 298 to the bleeder valve 372. Deactuation of valve B removesthe biasing pressure from the spool of the pilot valve 293 which thenagain shifts to couple both of the inlet supports 314 and 316 to thehigh pressure line 328. Retraction of the hollow piston rod 298 thencommences under the influence of spring 53 thereby initiating openingmovement of the lever members 45 and 46 and the moveable heads 34 and36. Valve A is also deactuated thereby to actuate the tilt cylinder Awith the buck assembly 25 thus returning to its dressing position underthe influence of its own Weight. As the lower end 52 of lever member 46moves in the direction shown by the arrow 297 in FIG. 13, valve D isactuated thereby to permit rapid exhaust of hollow piston rod 298through valves C and D and the mufller 333. Valve E is deactuatedsimultaneously with actuation of valve D thereby to terminate the supplyof heated air to the pressing heads 32 and 33.
The retraction of the tilt cylinder A to its lower position and theaccompanying downward movement of lever member 63 results in deactuationof valve F and of the bucks swivel cylinder F resulting in outwardpivoting of the bucks under the influence of springs 107 (FIG. 4).
It will be observed that retraction of the timing cylinder C and theaccompanying upward movement of the control lever member 233 to itsdeactuated position has resulted in return of the control lever member249, 250 to their normal positions.
As the snubber rod 68 moves downwardly in the direction 70a,simultaneously with retraction of piston rod 69 of the tilt cylinder A,pin 368 will actuate lever 372 and cam 373, as above described, therebyautomatically to actuate pedal valve P to its exhaust position toexhaust the clamp and expand cylinders G and G and the lift and sensingcylinders D and H, thus retracting the expanders 117 and 118 andreleasing the clamps 164 of the bucks 26 and 27, causing the buckassembly to move downwardly to its lowest position, and returningoperating rod 208 and sensing rod 204 to their normal positions. It willbe understood that manual deactuation of the clamp and expand valves Gand G will not release the clamps and expanders, and retract the liftand sensing cylinders D and H sufiiciently rapidly due to the airpressure in the cylinders, thus necessitating provision of the pedalvalve P to provide a rapid exhaust. The sleeve pressing operation is nowcompleted and the operator can now remove the sleeves of the garmentfrom the bucks 26 and 27. In an actual embodiment constructed as shownin the drawings, the complete cycle of operation requires approximatelyeighteen seconds.
While there have been described above the principles of this inventionin connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understoodthat this description is made only by way of example and not as alimitation to the scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for pressing the sleeves of a garment comprising: a buckassembly including a pair of elongated, transversely spaced-apart,upstanding bucks for respectively receiving the sleeves of a garmentwith the body portion thereof hanging downwardly therefrom and firstpower means for upwardly moving said bucks in the direction ofelongation thereof between a lower position and selective upperpositions; a pair of pressing heads for each of said bucks respectivelyformed to conform thereto; second power means for relativelytransversely moving said pairs of pressing heads between an openposition for receiving the respective buck therebetween, and a closedpressing position; third power means for moving said buck assemblybetween an initial dressing location and a pressing location with eachsaid buck positioned between and in cooperative relationship with a saidpair of pressing heads; means for actuating said first power meansthereby to initiate said upward movement of said bucks; meanscooperating with a sleeve on one of said bucks for sensing upwardmovement of said bucks to a position in which the junction of saidsleeve and said body portion of said garment is at a predeterminedelevation; and means coupling said first power means and said sensingmeans and operable thereby to deactuate said first power means therebyto terminate said upward movement of said bucks at said last-namedposition, said last-named position being such that only that portion ofsaid bucks having said sleeves thereon is positioned between therespective pair of pressing heads at said pressing location of said buckassembly thereby to accommodate sleeves of different sizes and lengths.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means includes asensing element having an initial position between said one buck and theinner surface of the respective sleeve when said bucks are in said lowerposition, said element being movable to a second position in response toupward movement of said bucks to said last-named position therebyoperating said coupling means to deactuate said first power means.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means is initiallydisposed between said one buck and the inner surface of the respectivesleeve when said bucks are in said lower position, said sensing meanhaving a fixed spaced relationship to said first power means andestablishing said elevation, said sensing means including means fordetecting the passing of said junction as said bucks move upwardly.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sensing means includes anelongated element having opposite ends, means for mounting one end ofsaid element in fixed spaced relation to said first power means, saidelement extending upwardly in said direction, said element having aninitial position with the distal end thereof being closely adjacent saidone buck in said lower position thereof whereby said distal end isinitially positioned between said one buck and the inner surface of therespective sleeve, said element being of predetermined length and saiddistal end determining said elevation, and means for moving said elementto a second position in response to said distal end passing saidjunction as said bucks move upwardly thereby operating said couplingmeans to deactuate said first power means.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising means for normallybiasing said element toward said second position thereof.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said mounting means comprises meansfor mounting said element for pivotal movement between said initial andsecond positions in a direction transverse to said first-nameddirection.
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2024-03-22
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1968-03-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-12-16"
}
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US-18899762-A
|
Musical and analytical instrument
Sept. 7, 1965 1.. BALAMUTH 3,204,513
MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 20, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 1nnmunllllllllmn'W INPUT s2 [L 65 OUTPUT RELAY INVENTOR. LEWIS BALAMUTH69 BY {9% 6| EYS ATTOR Se t. 7, 1965 BALAMUTH MUSICAL AND ANALYTICALINSTRUMENT 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 20 1962 INVENTOR. LEVHS BALAMUTHATTOR P 1965 L- BALAMUTH 3,204,513
MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Filed April 20, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 5INVENTOR. Ff q.J LEWIS BALAMUTH ATTOR EYS United States Patent 3,204,513MUSICAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT Lewis Balamuth, 29 Washington SquareW., New York, N.Y. Filed Apr. 20, 1962, Ser. No. 188,997 9 Claims. (Cl.84-464) This invention relates to the analysis of objects which arecapable of emitting a regular tone, including musical notes andsustained vibrations such as a ringing sound, and especially to thediscovery of hidden physical imperfections or changes in the compositionof such objects. It also relates to a color and sound producinginstrument which has colors arranged in octaves, and which is responsiveto the tones of the musical scale. This novel instrument can be playedfrom the keyboard of a piano or an organ, or it can be activated by thesounds emitted by any object capable of producing regular vibrations.
It has already been proposed to make an instrument for the performanceof musical compositions in which sight and sound are both involved and anumber of such instruments have been described in Class 84-464. Suchdevices have failed of general acceptance because of substantialimperfections, the number and magnitude of which makes a particulardiscussion impractical. One substantial failure, of the prior art, wasto find in the field of light and color anything comparable to the tonalsystem of the musical system, the octave. Thus, where the piano has agraduated tonal system based upon octaves, each note having a relationof two to one to the same note in the next octave, no such relationshiphas been found for the system of lights. In one prior art device therewere pairs of buttons controlling white, red, yellow, blue and violetlights but any opproximation of the graduated tonal system of the pianowas not conceived.
It is an object of this invention to provide an instrument having agraduated tonal system comparable in color and light to the notes of themusical scale. By the construction of such a tonal scale in color, Ihave been enabled to construct a combined musical and light instrumentin which the graded tones of sound are accompanied by graded tones oflights.
It is an object of the invention to produce an instantaneous, visual,comparative analysis of the composition, and to instantaneouslydetermine the perfection of objects such as porcelain, bells, and carwheels.
Another object is to transform tones to lights, selected sounds beingreproduced in lights of definite color, hue, or depth, and todistinguish musical notes by color. The objects include piano tuning,the reproduction in color of sounds beyond the range of the human ear,and the construction of high fidelity instruments.
Another object is to make a musical instrument which responds to theperformance of the artist in sound and light. Other and numerous objectswill be explained as the description proceeds. As the construction ofthe musical instrument and its function are a proper introduction to thescientific uses of the analytical instrument, they will be describedfirst.
According to my invention the visible bands of light which appear asviolet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red constitute a grandoctave and each of these colors is similarly divided into seven gradedparts which constitute particular octaves. One method of constructingthese octaves in graded series has been described in which rice paper isdyed with the chosen color, for instance red, and the successivegradations are made by laminating squares of the rice paper, onethickness for the lightest tone of the octave, two thicknesses for thegression.
second, three for the third tone, etc. When the seven grades areassembled before lights of the same intensity each light appears as ofthe same color but of different depth. I have now improved upon thatinvention by utilizing not only difference in depth as thedistinguishing character of the tones of the visual octave but byincluding also the differences in hue. For example, there are many knowncolors-of red, for instance crimson, scarlet, cerise, and Vermilion, andfrom these I selected seven colors differing in tone from light to darkin graded steps. This is readily accomplished by selecting a gradedseries from the color tables of dyers and color makers. Reference may bemade to the spectra of particular colors for the selection of a welltempered scale.
In making the novel octaves certain systems are particularly useful. Inthe first, seven sheets of rice paper are dyed with the seven differentcolors constituting the octave. The lowest note of the octave will becomposed of seven laminated sheets of the deepest color, for in stancethe deepest red, the second note will be composed of six sheets of thered color of next lighter hue, the third note will be composed of fivesheets of the red color next lighter in hue, etc. In the second system,the principle of lamination is used but a lesser variation of one toneis used, and the successive steps are made up by laminating dilferentquantities of dark red sheets and light redsheets, for instance sevendark red sheets for the lowest tone and seven light red sheets for thehighest tone, the intermediate tones being composed of diiferent numbersof dark and light red sheets depending upon the hue and depth which areto be obtained. A variation of the second method is to use a singlesheet of light hue for the highest tone of the octave and a single sheetof dark hue for the lowest tone in the octave but with the ditferencethat the lowest tone will be more heavily dyed than the upper so that adifference in gradation is obtained by depth of dying as well as bychoice of hue.
There are two basic responses to music, the responses to the. chord andto the tune. It has been an object of my invention to achieve a displayin colored lights which will evoke by sight responses similar to theresponses by sound, and to this end I may arrange a grand octave in areaas in FIG. 5, which produces pattern, and a grand octave in line, as inFIG. 1, which reproduces pro- Pattern and progression appear in FIG. 5but pattern predominates. Progression and pattern appear in FIG. 1 butprogression predominates. By combining the two, for instance by mountingthe square of FIG. 5 above the line of FIG. 1 and electricallyconnecting identical colors to the same piano key, a series offlickering, flashing patterns are produced and the bril liance of runs,arpeggios, and sequences in the music are conveyed in varying colors andvarying combinations of colors. 7
Two methods of constructing the panels are shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. InFIG. 1 is shown a linear panel in which the violet octave and the indigooctave are set out in full with the beginning of the blue octave. Whenthis panel is connected to the keyboard of a piano in any of the ways tobe hereinafter described, the pressing of a key of the piano willproduce a light in the corresponding tone of the color octave. Thedevice being mounted in view of the audience, the flow of the music, theoccurrence of the chordsand the skill of the pianist are displayed inthe flashing lights. In FIG. 5 the panel is arranged so that the octavesare mounted one above the other from violet to red but with alternatelyreverse direction, V to V progressing to the right, R to R progressingto the left, as shown, or in spiral form, proceeding counter clockwisefor instance. This preserves the continuity of the progression of runsand arpeggios which is apt to become confused if the eye must travel, tofollow a run, from the right to the left of the board. Many otherarr-angements of the panel are conceivable.
The panel has been described as composed of octaves but in preferredform it will have the twelve tone scale of the standard piano includingthe half tones.
I have also found that the panel can easily be constructed by punchingholes through a piece of cardboard and pasting the color sheets over theopenings. Additional interest is added to such panels by imprinting thecolor sheets with, or stamping the panel with holes in the shape ofdesigns. In one successful panel I used chinese pictographs.
The manner of constructing such an instrument is set forthdiagrammatically in the following drawings, wherein like numbers referto like parts:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of part of a linear panel beginning withthe lowest complete octave;
FIG. 2 is a sketch of the connection between one key of the keyboard ofthe musical instrument, such as a piano, and the light in the panel;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a further improvement in the invention involvingthe use of foot pedals to play banks of lights;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of one form of the inven tion;
FIG. 5 is an arrangement of the octaves of colored lights different fromthat of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a band pass filter of acceptableconstruction;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a type utilizing the filters of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a modified band pass filter;
FIG. 9 and 10 are diagrams of one element of a sonic filter system.
Referring to FIG. 2, 10 is the string of a piano, 11 is the hammer, 12is the key and 13 is the pivot upon which the key is balanced. Noattempt is .made to show the actual complexity of the mechanism. Beneatha movable part of the piano key is located a microswitch 14 which isoperated when the key '12 is depressed, closing a circuit from a sourceof current 15 through lines '16, 17 to a light 18 mounted before areflector 19 in a box 26 the face V of which is composed of translucentcolored glass of deepest violet. The piano key next above 12 isconnected to V etc. The microswitch operates without effort and returnsto off position as soon as the key is released.
In the modification illustrated in FIG. 3 a series of foot pedals 36 areconnected to switches 31 which are in turn connected to a 110 volt A.C.source of current 32 and by lines 33 to a series of lights 38 in the box20, which are in addition to the lights 18. A general mood or tone canbe established in the instrument by depressing one of the foot pedals,each of which is connected to a different combination of lights. Thus,massiveness of effect can be achieved much as one achieves it by pullingthe stops on an organ and parts of the composition can be played with abackground of color which establishes a mood for the passage. One of thefoot pedals 30 may be connected to all the lights 38 which remainilluminated throughout the playing of the composition. This achieves adouble end in that the eye fatigue produced by the onand-off flashing ofthe lights is greatly reduced as the differences are not betweendarkness and light but between intensity of light. For example, with theentire panel illuminated by the lights 38 the playing of the piece takesplace upon the lights 18 which turn on and off but appear as increasesand decreases in brilliance.
In FIG. 4 is shown the operating mechanism of a modification whichconstitutes in effect the perfected form of the invention. Thedifiiculty with the apparatus which has been described hereinabove isthat it is applicable only to an instrument having a keyboard. It is aunit and is only useful as such. Furthermore, while it has substantialuse in the field of entertainment as in theaters and the like, and inthe home, it is not readily adapted to scientific use.
7 In FIG. 4 there is an extension of this invention which enables one tocarry out comparative determinations of composition in objects which arecapable of giving forth a sound of their own, particularly when thatsound is capable of persisting and has regular vibrations. For example,the apparatus of FIG. 4 can be used where flaws exist in porcelain, ironbars and steel sheets, various metals, glassware and in innumerable usesof a similar kind. This form of the invention may also be employed todetermine the existence of imperfections in such objects, for instancethe existence of a hidden imperfection in a ceramic bowl.
According to this form of the invention a panel will be provided asdescribed above in which the boxes 20 of the panel contain lights 18which can be activated from a source of current 15 through lines 16,'17. In line 1-7' is a relay switch which is activated through a coil 40by lines 41, 42 which come from an amplifier 43 which is connected byline 44 to a band pass filter 45 which is connected through lines 46 toa microphone 47.
The band pass filter may be a piezoelectric crystal or any other knownform of band pass filter which will reject all tones except those whichit is adapted to pass. These band pass filters are selected so that thefirst will accept the central 10% of those vibrations which constitutethe tones and overtones of the first note of the octave of the piano.The second band pass filter will pass the central 10% of thosevibrations which constitute the tones and overtones of the second noteof the octave. This construction can be continued until a satisfactoryinstrument has been made. Such an instrument may be receptive to many orto few tones and it may extend through a part of the scale or may extendbeyond the tones which are audible to man. For example, if one wishes tocast bells a mold is provided, a composition is established and the bellis cast. Some bells are provided with five main tones. The instrumentwould be constructed to cover the five main tones of a perfect bell plustones higher and lower so that the entire tonal area of the bell iscovered. The band pass filters would pass only the center 10% of thefive main tones and the corresponding lights would be illuminated. Inaddition other filters would pass secondary tones or vibrations andilluminate additional lights. At the conclusion there would be set up alight pattern for that bell represented by possibly eight or ninelights. When other bells are cast from the same mold they are soundedbefore the instrument and the pattern of lights which appears iscompared with the pattern established for the perfoot bell. If the bellis also perfect, the same pattern appears but if the second bell has afault, for instance a concealed fissue capable of muting one of the maintones the light corresponding to that tone will not appear. A similarsystem can be set up to test porcelainware and any other object havingthe capability to emit regular vibrations in or out of the audiblerange. The number of lights will be adapted to the need of the occasion,some test apparatus requiring many for the analysis of many tones andothers few when the vibrations involved are not complex.
In FIG. 6 is illustrated an acceptable type of electromechanical filterin which a tunning fork 60 of low Q is fixed to a base, not shown, by ascrew 61. We may assume that the fork is tuned to a resonance equal tothe central 10% of the vibrations constituting middle A of the musicalscale. An input delivers through wires 62 to coil 63 a currentcontaining many frequencies of which middle A is one. A soft iron core64 is Within the coil and in proximity to the left tine of the fork,which is set in vibration and vibrates the right tine, which emits onlyits own tonal frequency and activates the core and coil 65-66 at thepure and limited frequency of the fork, which is transmitted to theoutput and to the light operated thereby.
FIG. 7 discloses an operative apparatus for reproducing in a lightpattern the sounds picked by by a microphone 70 and delivered to anamplifier 71 from which the current is distributed to a series of coils72 corresponding to coils 63 of FIG. 6 which are associated with tuningforks 73 all of which are tuned to different frequencies. The coils 74correspond to coils 65 and activate relays 75 which turn on lights 76 astheir respective tuning forks respond to the frequencies which occur inthe sounds being analyzed.
Thedevice of FIGS. 6 and 7 is satisfactory, easy to construct, and canbe made with material of high Q in the tuning forks or with low Q, thelatter of which is preferred for many uses. In the preferred embodimentthe tuning fork is replaced by a resonant reed (FIG. 8) which can bendand flex and will yield a low speed of wave motion, much less than thespeed of sound in air, providing a specific impedance matching air waveswith efiiciency.
In the musical-optical instrument the object is to turn the lights onthe screen on and off synchronously with the various sounds beingreceived. Each switch element is to operate when the microphone receivesa sound hav- 7 ing a mid-band frequency corresponding to a note of the88-note piano scale. A good type will employ the fundamental resonantbending vibration frequency of a reed fixed at one end and free at theother. The reed will be of a magnetostrictive material such as nickel,Monel, or steel. The reed 80 is mounted in a base 81 and it will have aradius of gyration t being the thickness of the reed. If nickel is usedthe frequency 1.42000 (4.694) Z'lr X tX l I being the length of the reedin cm. The application of this formula, the reed being nickel and 1being .025
cm. produces the following table, Fni being in cycles per second Forlower frequencies the length of the reeds can be shortened by usingappropriate thickness. For example, one half the length of the tablewith a width of .005 instead of the .010 on which the table wascomputed, produces lengths of 10.36, 7.34 and 5.18 for the first threeoctaves respectively.
The reeds will respond to all frequencies of sound but they will vibrateselectively with a bending vibration at the frequencies F and also atthe overtones of their own fiexual vibrations.
For use as a color instrument in combination with a piano or a violin orother instruments the panel will be constructed to cover all the tonesof all the instruments, or at least the major portions of the scales. Asingle microphone may be connected to all the band pass filters or anindividual microphone may be attached to each band pass filter, orparticular microphones may subtend groups of filters. The instrumentbeing placed within range of the piano or the orchestra and plugged intothe nearest convenient source of power, the microphones will pick up thetones and the band pass filters will activate the lights.
A preferred form of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9 by a singleunit, of which there would be another for each sonic frequency that isto appear in light. In this figure a base supports a U-shapedmagnetostrictive laminate 91 upon two point supports 92, which may bespots of solder or adhesive. The magnetostrictive laminate, whichconstitutes a tuning fork, may be made of nickel, tuned to thefrequency, e.g. 440 vibrations/second, that is to be reproduced, bycareful reduction of its enlarged ends 91' (FIG. 10). Mounted on thebase 90 without touching the tuning fork is a post 93 of insulatingmaterial, such as porcelain or plastic, which supports a permanentmagnet 94, the ends of which are coated with a thin film of insulation,e.g. foam plastic, and are spaced from the ends of the tuning fork bysmall gaps of, for instance, about .001 inch. A coil 95 encircles thebase of one of the tines of the fork and is connected to a condenser 96,forming an electronic band pass filter at a frequency which is thefundamental frequency of the tuning fork. The output of the condensergoes by line 97 to a preamplifier or to a relay coil which, whenactivated, will turn on the appropriate light in accordance withprinciples already set forth.v In this form of the invention microphonesare needless as amultiplicity of tuning forks, each tuned to its ownfrequency, and connected to its own light through its own coil andcondenser, respond directly to sonic frequencies corresponding to theirown specific frequencies, and turn on and off each its own light.
My discovery of the grand octave is an important part of the invention.The ratio of the end point frequencies of the visible light spectrum isapproximately 2: 1. Grand octave therefore corresponds to the octave ofsound although it would appear that there are many octaves of sound.This 'is to some extent a semblance because the octaves of the keyboarddiffer only in the pitch of the respective notes.
Another advantage is that color compositions can be played directly fromsheet music and color compositions can be recorded and printed just assheet music is recorded and printed for musical instruments. The colorpiano can be played alone, without sound, by furnishing it with akeyboard of its own. The provision of foot pedals to activatemultielement patterns makes it possible to furnish a tonal backgroundfor the dancing lights and to establish an overall color mood not whollyremote from the chord and harmony pattern of music.
The filters used in the perfected form of the invention can convenientlybe of magnetostrictive type or piezoelectric elements. The amplifiersare preferably transistorized for spontaneous olf-on response.
The instrument can be used for tuning pianos to exact concert pitchwhich heretofore has been strictly an art. Having established aninstrument of this sort with band pass filters exactly established atthe mid band of each note the tuning becomes precise. The limitation ofthe filter to the acceptance of the central 10% of the several bands ofeach note eliminates excitation by adjacent notes.
This apparatus is an analytical tool which displays in a color patternan acoustical spectrum of a source of sound and it can be used inquality control of any solid object which can be made to ring by beingstruck or stroked. The switches activated with or by the sounds may beconnected, not to lights alone, but to lights and alarms or recorders,or to alarms and recorders or other signalling or responsive apparatusalone.
The device can be used to compare and demonstrate the patterns producedby speakers and singers.
In places of public entertainment and the lobbies of large buildingslarge screens may be established with or without background music toproduce varying color patterns. The entire backdrop of a theater can becomposed of a panel of lights changing with the music and furnishing abackground for dancing performers.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present inventionmay be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited to the specificembodiments.
What is claimed is:
1. An instrument responsive in colored lights to musical tones ofdifferent pitch including a bank of differently colored lights arrangedin octaves of violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red ofdifferent depth, each color of one octave differing from the same colorin the adjacent octaves by a regular increment which progresses in depthfrom one end of the scale to the other, and electric circuit means toilluminate each of the colored lights including a band pass filteroperably connected to a switch for each light and to a microphone.
2. An instrument according to claim 1 in which the band pass filterspass to the respective circuits sound wave lengths each of whichincludes about of the intervals comprising the notes of the musicalscale and thereby activate corresponding lights in the visual octave.
3. A musical color instrument having color producing instrumentalitiesincluding a series of differently colored lights individually connectedto and operable by oif-on switches, and means for operating each switchselectively including a relay operatively associated with each switch,electromagnetic means connected to each relay, including a coil and atuned vibrational body tuned to the resonance of the central portion ofa note of the musical scale, each tuned vibrational body being ofdifferent pitch, means to activate each tuning fork including a coil, anamplifier connected thereto, and a microphone connected to theamplifier, said vibrational bodies being free from the coil and theelectromagnetic means.
4. In a selective sound-radiation pattern transformer, electrical meansto receive mixed sounds and transform them to mixed electric currentfrequencies, input electromagnetic means which is operably connected tosaid electrical means and energized by the mixed frequencies, outputelectromagnetic mean-s adjacent the input electromagnetic meansincluding a current generating coil operably connected to signallingmeans, and a tuned vibrational body between and free from the input andoutput electromagnetic means and which is magnetically associ ated withboth of them.
5, A transformer according to claim 4 in which the tuned body is atuning fork having its tines aligned with said input and outputelectromagnetic means and a tine closely associated with each of them.
6. A transformer according to claim 4 in which the tuned body is a tunedreed.
7. A transformer according to claim 4 including a multiplicity of three,vibrational bodies tuned to different frequencies, input and outputelectromagnetic means associated with each of them, and mean connectingall said electromagnetic means to the receiving and signalling meansrespectively.
8. In a system of representing selected, limited frequencies by light,an electrically operable light, switch means operably connected thereto,output electromagnetic means connected to the switch means, amicrophone, an amplifier connected thereto, input electromagnetic meansconnected to the amplifier, and a tuned, magnetically responsive body,free of but in operative range of both the electromagnetic mean-s,serving as a band pass filter which is put in vibration when a selectedfrequency band is emitted by the input electromagnetic means and, by itsvibration, energizes the output electromagnetic means to.
operate the light.
9. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the signalling means includes amultiplicity of lights which are operably connected to a multiplicity ofcurrent generating coils which are responsive to differently tunedvibrational bodies.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 186,298 1/77Bishop 84-464 667,541 2/01 Loring 84-464 1,323,943 12/ 19 Wilcox.1,432,553 10/ 22 Hector 84-464 1,573,797 2/26 Beal et al. 181-321,654,068 12/27 Blattner 84-464 1,831,783 11/31 Ward 73-69 1,946,026 2/34 Lewis et al 84-464 1,977,997 10/34 Patterson 84-464 2,152,177 3/39Eisenbeis et a1. 84-454 2,152,955 4/39 Coyne 84-464 X 2,153,800 4/39Holmes 84-454 2,257,285 9/41 Sundt 84-454 2,393,225 1/46 Andalikiewicz73-69 2,571,409 10/51 Beyers et al. 73-69 2,779,920 1/57 Petroif 84-464X OTHER REFERENCES Publication, Colour Music, Sea, Land and Air, pages417422.
LEO SMILOW, Primary Examiner. C. W. ROBINSON, LEYLAND MARTIN, Examiners.
3. A MUSICAL COLOR INSTRUMENT HAVING COLOR PRODUCING INSTRUMENTALITIESINCLUDING A SERIES OF DIFFERENTLY COLORED LIGHTS INDIVIDUALLY CONNECTEDTO AND OPERABLE BY OFF-ON SWITCHES, AND MEANS FOR OPERATING EACH SWITCHSELECTIVELY INCLUDING A RELAY OPERATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH SWITCH,ELECTROMAGNETIC MEANS CONNECTED TO EACH RELAY, INCLUDING A COIL AND ATUNED VIBRATIONAL BODY TUNED TO THE RESONANCE OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OFA NOTE NOF THE MUSICAL SCALE, EACH TUNED VIBRATIONAL BODY BEING OFDIFFERNT PITCH, MEANS TO ACTIVATE EACH TUNING FORK INCLUDING A COIL, ANAMPLIFIER CONNECTED THERETO, AND A MICROPHONE CONNECTED TO THEAMPLIFIER, SAID VIBRATIONAL BODIES BEING FREE FROM THE COIL AND THEELECTROMAGNETIC MEANS.
|
2024-03-22
|
1962-04-20
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1965-09-07"
}
|
US-1902107584-A
|
Hose-coupling and automatic valve.
No.v 711,771.- Patentedfoct. 2|, |902.A
w. H. KELLER. Y
HOSE CDUPLING ANDv AUTUMATIC VALVE.
(Appucatin med may 1e, 1902. ,1 (No Model.)
@ummm n I fw. y l 2 .l www,
ru: mams Ferias cof.gNoToLlmaM/Asnmcwu n c UNITED STATES ATENT FFIC'E.
WILLIAIVIH. KELLER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
4HOSE-COUPLINGV AND AUTOMATIC VALVE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,771, dated October21, 1902.
Application filed May 16,1902.
To all whom it may concern:
Beit known that I, WILLIAM H. KELLER, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania,have invented anew and useful Improvement in Hose-Couplings andAutomatic Valves, of which the following is a specification.
My invention consists of an improvement in hose-couplings and automaticstop-valves wherein I provide means controlled by the operator foropening the valve and means for automatically closing the same.
It further consists in novel details of construction, all as will behereinafter fully set forth.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of a coupling embodying my invention.Fig. 2 represents a sectional view on line Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4:, and 5represent perspective views of portions of thecoupling in .detachedposition. Fig. 6 represents a partial side elevation and partialsectional view of a portion of a coupling, showing the valve in openposition.
Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures.
Referring to the drawings, 1 designates a casing which is adapted toreceive a nipple 2, having the anged end 3 thereon and the passage 4therethrough, the inner end of said nipple being molded out, as at v5. Asuitable packing 6 is placed between the iiange 3 and the inner wall ofthe casing 1.
7 designates a mesh or screen, which is placed at the inner end of thenipple 2 and is adapted to catch dirt and other foreign substances thatmay enter with the motive Huid.
8 designates a spring, which is situated within the casing and bearsagainst the screen 7 at one side and against a valve 9 at the other end,said valve having a suitable portion 10 thereon, which is adapted tobear against the seat 11, which is carried by a nut 12, the latter beingscrewed or otherwise secured to the casing 1, said valve being providedwith suitable openings 13.
14 designates a pipe or-nipple, which is adapted to be secured to thenut 12, said nipple having the passage 15, which communicates with theopening 16 at the inner end of Serial No. 107,584. (No model.)
said nipple, which is also provided with a nut l'for operating the same.It is evident that said nipple 14 can be secured to a machine, tool, orhose, as may be desired, and ,that the inner end of said nipple isadapted 'to abut against the valve 9.
The operation is as follows: The nipple 2 being suitably connected witha hose and the motive Iiuid turned on at any suitable point, the samecan pass into said coupling, and as the valve 9 is properly seated andheld there by the spring 8 no uid can escape. In addition, the pressureof the motive fluid itself will assist in holding the valve seated. Whenit is desired to couple a hose or to secure the same to a machine ortool to operate the same, the nipple 14 is properly connected thereto,and the operator byturning the casing 1 causes the nipple to bearagainst the vvalve 9 and force thesame from its seat, whereby the motivefluid .will pass through the ports 13 in the valve and through opening16 and passage 15in the nipple 14 to the desired point. When it isdesired to stop the motive fluid by a reverse movement of the casing 1,the valve 9 is automatically seated, since the nipple 14 no longer bearsagainst the same, so that the motive liuid cannot pass through. l
It will,I be evident from the above that by 'flow of the motive fluidthrough the coupling can be adjusted according to requirements, sincethe valve can be moved more or less from its seat according torequirements.
It will be evident that various changes may be made by those skilled inthe art which will come within the scope of my invention, and I donot,therefore,desire to be limited in every instance to the exactconstruction herein shown and described.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-
1. In a hose-coupling, a casing, an inletpipe therefor, a valve-seatwithin said casing, a valve adapted to rest against said seat, a springinterposed between said valve and said inlet-pipe, and an outlet-pipe inthreaded engagement with said casing, whereby the rotation andlongitudinal movement of said cas- IOO ing relative to said outlet-pipecauses said valve to be unseated according to requirements.
2. In a hose-coupling, a casing, an inletpipe therefor, a strainerthrough which said inlet-pipe discharges, a valve-seat Within saidcasing, a valve adapted to rest against said seat, a spring interposedbetween said valve and said inlet-pipe, and an outlet-pipe in threadedengagement With said casing,where by the rotation and longitudinalmovement of said casing relative to said outlet-pipe causes said valveto be unseated according to requirements.
3. In a coupling, a valve, a seat therefor, means for holding said valveagainst said seat, devices capable of both rotary and longitudinalmovement controlled by the operator for moving the valve from said seat,and devices for retaining said valve in unseated position after the handof the operator is removed therefrom.
4. In a coupling, a casing, a valve therefor, a vspring holding saidvalve normally against its seat and a pipe having an opening thereinadaptedto force said valve from its seat, said casing being rotatablymounted on said pipe whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement ofsaid casing with respect to said pipe causes the latter to enter saidcasing and unseat said valve.
5. In a device of the character named, a casing, an inlet-pipe therefor,the latter having a flanged end within said casing, a valveseat'withinsaid casing, an apertnred valve adapted to rest against said seat, aspring interposed between said valve and iianged end, an outlet-pipehaving a slotted end adapted to contact with said valve, and meansWhereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of said casing relativeto said outlet-pipe will unseat said valve according to requirements.
6. In a device ofthe character named, a casing, an inlet-pipe having aflanged end located within said casing, a valve-seat within said casing,a valve consisting of a plate having portion adapted to contact withsaid seat, the outer portions of said valve having openingstherethrough, a spring intermediate said valve and fianged end, adischarge-pipe upon which said casing is rotatably mounted, an end ofsaid discharge-pipe being slotted and adapted to contact with saidvalve, and means whereby the rotation and longitudinal movement of saidcasing will cause the slotted end of said pipe to unseat said valve.
' 7. In a device of the character named, a casing, an'inlet-pipe havingaange thereon, said ange being contained Within said casing, apacking-ring interposed between the latter and said flan ge, a valvecontained Within said casing, a screen adapted to abut against saidiange, a spring interposed between said screen and valve, openings inthe outer portion of the latter, a nut in threaded engagement with saidcasing and adapted to serve as a valve-seat, and a nipple ordischargepipe in threaded engagement with said nut,
' said nipple having its end slotted and adapted to contact with saidvalveso that the latter will be unseated when said casing is rotatedupon said nipple.
WILLIAM H. KELLER. Witnesses:
J oHN A. WIEDERSHEIM, WM. CANER WIEDnRsHnIM.
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2024-03-22
|
1902-05-16
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-10-21"
}
|
US-444007D-A
|
Apparatus for water-supply
(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet I.
O. MONJEAU. APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY.
In 226 mior: 25%;.
Jiivnz eyn I I l P1! ||l|| HHHIHHMHH m w n m (No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet2,,
O. MONJEAU.
APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY.
No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6, 1891.
lumen/Zonq cm 7K05ca1 ma norms pz'rzns co., more-Luna wnsmm'run, o. c.
(No Model.) Sheets-Shet 3.
G. MONJEAU; APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY.
No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6 1891.
gawk 80:
Azzbrrwy.
n1: NORRIS Paved} 00,, mo'rmumo, msumqwn, o. c,
4 Sheets-Sheet 4.
(No Model.)
0. MONJEAU. APPARATUS FOR WATER SUPPLY.
No. 444,007. Patented Jan. 6, 1891.
lawn my UNITED STATES; PATEN OFFICE-*2:
. filter-such as a gravel-bar caisson or caissons, so as to rise andfall with APPARATUS FOR WATER-SUPPLY.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 444,007, dated January6, 1891.
Application filed February 19, 1889. Serial No. 309,489. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
1 3e it known that I, CLEOPHAS MONJEAU, a c tizen of the United States,residing at Middletown, Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Methods and Apparatus for Vater-Supply, of which the following is aspecification.
My invention relates to an apparatus for obtalnlng a supply of purewater for domestic and other purposes for the use of cities, villages,manufacturing establishments, public instltutions, 62c. Heretotore insuch cases, as a matter of engineering practice, so far as I am aware,wherever resort is had to streams as a source of supply no systematicfiltration has been employed except where some natural existed, whichoffered special facilities; but in general settling-reservoirs arepractically the sole means employed for purification of the generalsupply, and are obviously an unsatisfactory solu- 11011 of the problem.
Vithout further reference to the present state of the art as commonlyunderstood and practiced, or pointing out in detail the disadvantages ofthe methods in use, which are well known, I may say that my invention,which is designed to obviate many or all the disadvantages of themethods in use, and may be employed as an adjunct to the svstem ofsettling-reservoirs, provides for the purification of water at thesource of pumping supply-that is to say, at the reservoir, pond, lake,or stream whence the pumping-mains take their supply of water.
My invention may be said to consist, generally, in an apparatus forobtaining a pure water-supply for cities, towns, manufacturingestablishments, public institutions, 850., from a reservoir, stream,lake, or other surface body of water, by the interposition between thepumping-mains and the source of supply of a system of filtering mouthsor inlets arranged as an aggregation of integral elements,detachable forcleansing, repairing, renewing, &c.
I prefer to mount the system of filteringinlets (in one or more groups)upon a floating the varying surface level and draw the watersupply froma uniform depth; but in many cases flotation would not be required.
These being the general features of my invention, details will be morefully described in the following specification, and pointed out in theclaims.
Mechanism embodying the mechanical features of my invention, by whichthe process may be carried into effect, is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of afloating caisson and series of submerged renewable filteringinlets,arranged for operation as adapted to the water-supply of cities; Fig. 2,a plan view of the apparatus; Fig. 3, a vertical cross-section; Fig. 4,a vertical cross-section of a similarly-organized apparatus, shownattached to and upheld by piling driven into the bottom of the stream orlake, &c.; Fig 5, a detail axial section of one of the filteringinlets;Fig. 6, a cross-section of same in the plane X of Fig. 5; and Figs. 7and 8, crosssectionsof a modified form of the floating filter,exemplifying a cheaper construction adapted more particularly tomanufacturing or other establishments, or to smaller villages.
Referring now to the drawings, (and premising that they illustrate butone type of many mechanical appliances for carrying the principle of myinvention into practical operation,) A designates a stream supposed tobe flowing in the direction of the arrow or; B, a pier orholding-abutment intended not only to hold the floating filteringapparatus against the current, but as a protection against ice, drift,&c.; and O, a floating filter held to the pier by a link 6, having aroller 0, adapted to ride vertically upon a guide d secured to the pier.
D designates the pumping-main secured upon the pier and extending to thepump, and connected with the filter O by expansionjoints 6 c toaccommodate the rise and fall according to the stage of water in thestream. These parts are individually constructed in the ordinary mannerand may be varied to suit the occasion. The filter C, as I have shown itin one of its preferred forms, consists, essentially, of a floatprovided with supports for a series of submerged filtering-in lets intowhich the pumping-main ramifies. In the present example it embodies twostout caissons 0' G (which are preferably made of boilenplates rivetedtogether,) fm-ming air tight compartments to secure proper flotation. itis desirable to arrange them to constitute a catamaran with as littleresistance to the current as possible, and braced apart by suitablegirders and braces to support a series of submerged vertical parallelbars f, arranged in fore and aft vertical planes to present their thinedges to the current. These are suitably braced and secured together atthe bottom by cross and strut braces and fore and aft tic-rods 71, andat the top by cross-ties g.
In the case illustrated in the drawings the described system of guidesand braces is designed to accommodate four parallel series offiltering-inlets arranged in pairs at opposite sides of two branchpumping-mains 1) D connected to the main 1) by the describedexpansion-joints. These branches extend over the floor of the float t,above and between adjacent series of vertical guides f, and are providedwith short side branches or months '1" at each pair of such guides, eachsuch branch or mouth being provided with a stop cock or valve 1' and apivoted retort yoke K.
The filtering-inlet E (shown more clearly in Fig. 5) is a vertical pipeprovided at the upper end with a side mouth, and with side lugs Z aboveand below at each side, and is adapted to pass down and be held andguided by and between each pair of vertical guides f, and when inposition its mouth is secured to the branch month t" by the yoke K andset-screw.
Each filtering-inlet E is preferably constructed as follows, in fourparts, to wit: a cast-iron head at, an intermediate section or bodyportion a, which may be made of galvanized sheet-iron, a bottom piece 0of castiron, and a central suction-pipe 1), these parts being severallyconstructed and arranged as follows: Thehead m is provided at each sidewith a pair of the guide-lugs Z, and at the top with a loop or eye 1'for convenience of lifting the filtering-inlet E out of its position inthe series for repairs, cleaning, &c.,'and its side 1noutl1-flange isturned to a true face and recessed to receive the similar mouthi'langeof the inner pipe (presently to be described) and make a tight joint ofall parts by the pressure of the screw-yoke K. The intermediate sectionis secured to the base of the part m in any convenient manner, as byrivets 0r screws 8 with a tight joint. The i11- termediate section a ispreferably made of galvanized sheet-iron longitudinally corrugated, asshown in Fig. 6, and with one or more longitudinal series of minuteperforations at the inner bends of the corrugations. Itissecuredbelow tothe castbottom piece 0 in the same manner as to the head m above, andwhen in use an exterior cylinder z, of wiregauze, closely fitting uponthe external bonds of the corrugations, is carried around the outside,and outside of this a further covering u, of filtering felt or suitabletextile material, is placed, all being frcelyremovable forclcansing. Thebase-piece o is simply a lower "up and carries the bottom pairs ofguide-lugs. The central pipep, which (though I prefer to use it) maybedispensed witlncxtends within the part it nearly to the bottom, for thepurpose of somewhat equalizing the action of the inward draft throughthe outer pores by drawing the supply from the bottom of the filter, andcarries within it a lift check-valve p. \Yhen the inner pipe 7 is notused,the check-valve p is placed in the tube E at some point above thefiltering inlets or apertures. Loose fibrous or a porous matcrial-suchas charcoalmay be placed in the outer casing around the pipe 17. At itsupper end it is terminated by a flange clamped between two ringpackingsof the parts m and i.
In the general use of the apparatus it is designed to provide so great anumber of filtering-mouths as to bring little or no additional strainupon the pumps, and also to permit a veryslow and cfficient action ofeach filter. The process of cleansing may go on eon tin ually by theattendant, who, closing one of the valves '1', unfastens the yoke K andswings it vertically over and out of position, and lifts out the filterE and cleanses it without in any way interfering with the action of theremainder of the series of filteringmouths. It will also be observedthat by the arrangement of the filters E in series longitudinally withthe current, and with fore and aft parallel open spaces between each twoseries, the CllllGl'lLllZtS full sweep around and against each filter,and thus to a certain exten t exerts a cleansing action.
The depth of the filtering-mouths may vary according to circumstances;but in general a maximum limit of fifteen feet is suggested. It is oneof the advantages of the system that it takes the water sutlicientlynear the sur' face to get the full benefit of the purifying influencesof sun and air, and at a median point free from all bottom slime as wellas floating impurities at the surface.
I have shown and described the system of filtering-mouths carried upon afloating structure which in most cases is desirable; but it will beobviousthat the flotation of the filters is not essential, and that inmany cases it would be unnecessary, especially where dams or otherstructures are provided to maintain the water at-a uniform surfacedevel.I have in Fig. 4 exhibited in the drawings a special adaptation of theapparatus to such conditions, as it practically involves only theomissions of the floating caissons and supporting the guide-frame upon afoundation of piling .2 .a', which will require no further description.
In order to show that the underlying principle of the system is notdependent upon any particular form or arrangement of its mechanicalembodiment I have exhibited in Figs. 7 and 8 a simple and cheapapparatus adapted to the same uses, but more particularly i11- tendedfor the wants of manufacturing establishments and the like. It consistsof a flat-- ICC boat or scow F, provided with a series ofbox-compartments w, fitted with air-tight removable covers '3 andperforated below through the bottom of the boat or entirely open belowand provided with a Wire-gauzescreen bottom. Into the compartmentsproject the filtering inlet-mouths E, such as already described, orsimply screen-mouths, being there embedded in filtering material, suchas sand, gravel, charcoal, or any suitable filtering material. Thearrangement of the pumping main D, branch mouths 2", andfiltering-inlets E is the same as already described. The compartmentsmaybe extended below the bottom of the boat, if required.
The filtering-inlet B in any of the applications of my invention maybe apipe of porous clay or stone, or of any other suitable material orconstruction.
I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States 1. In a system of water-supply, the combination of'apumping-station, a receiving-main, and a filter consisting of a numberof submerged filtering terminals suspended from branches or extensionsof the receiving-main carried wholly above the water-surface anddetachable independently of each other from said extension-mains withoutinterfering with the general operation of the filter, substantially asset forth.
2. The combination of a pumping-station, a receiving nain, branches orextensions of said main floated above the body of Water constituting thesource of Water-supply, a series of independently-detachable submergedfiltering months or terminals suspended from said extensions, and valvescontrolling the communication between said filtering terminals and theextension main or mains, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of a pumping-station, receiving-main, branches orextensions of said main, a floating vessel or caisson carrying saidextension above the Water-level, flexible pipes or pipe-jointsconnecting said receivingmain and extensions and adapted to permit therise and fall of the caisson while preserving the pipe connections, aseries of independent filtering months or terminals suspended from saidextension-mains and submerged, connections for attaching and detachingsaid filtering terminals, and valves controlling the water connectionbetween each said terminal and the extension-main independently.
4. A filtering apparatus adapted to be floated upon or founded in a bodyof water constituting the source of supply, and embodying, essentially,the combination of a frame having a series of parallel guides extendinginto the body of water, an extension of the pumping-main carried uponand supported by said frame, and filtering-inlets adapted to be held byand upon said guldes and detachably and independently secured to saidpumping-main extension, substantially as set forth. I
5. A floating filter adapted to be carried upon a flowing stream,consisting, substantially, of one or more elongated boat-caissons, aframe-work supporting two or more series of vertical guides arranged infore and aft planes submerged in the stream and carried upon saidoaissons, one or more extensions of the pumping-main supported by saidcatssons above the water between the series of guides, and filteringterminals adapted to be held by and between the guides in fore and aftplanes at both sides of the main extensions and detachably securedthereto, substantially as set forth.
6. The filtering terminal E, as constructed, consisting. substantially,of a cast head provided with guide-lugs and a flanged side mouth, a castbase piece or cap also provided with guide-lugs, and an interveningtube-section of perforated cast or sheet metal (preferably corrugated)and adapted to receive an outer casing of fibrous or textile filteringma terial, substantially as set forth.
7. A filtering terminal embodying, in combination, a perforated tubeadapted to be detachably secured to the pumping-main, an outer casing offiltering material, an inner tube extending approximately to the bottom9 of the perforated tube, and a back-pressure valve seated in the innertube, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
. CLEOPHAS MONJEAU.
Witnesses:
L. M. HOSEA, E. L. KERR.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1891-01-06"
}
|
US-1908450841-A
|
Hot-air furnace.
L. HOWARD. HOT AIR FURNACE. APPLICATION Hum AUG. 29, 190a.
Patented Mar. 29, 1910.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
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g gg ak wfiw L. HOWARD.
HOT AIR FURNACE.
APPLIOATI'ON IILED AUG. 29, 190a.
953,465, Patented Mar.29, 1910. v I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
IN VBN TOR a. z. z W
A TTORNE Y ANDREW k GRAHAM co.. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHERS. WASMINGYON. n c.
T FFTQ.
LINCOLN HOWARD, OF SAVANNAH, MISSOURI.
HOT-AIR FURNACE.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, LINooLN HOWARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Savannah, in the county of Andrew and State of Missouri,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Hot-Air Furnace,of which the following is a specification.
The object of my invention is to provide a hot air furnace that byreason of its construction will both intensify the heat and economizefuel.
I accomplish my object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the furnace, thefire pot broken away, showing the interior thereof; Fig. 2 is a plan ofthe ash pit casting showing the draft opening; Fig. 8 is a plan of thelower fire pot casting, also showing draft opening; Fig. 4 is a plan ofthe upper fire potcasting showing draft ports in the same; Fig. 5 is aplan view of the corrugated heat radiating device, arrows indicatingcourse of the smoke and heat gases; Fig. 6 is a cross section of thefire pot and outer band as seen on line mm in Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 is across section of the fire pot and a lower outer rear wall on line y inFig. 1.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in the several views.
A is an outer jacket around the furnace.
B is the base which forms an ash pit B and supports the fire pot,combustion chamber walls, cap and radiator of the device.
0 is a lower section of the fire pot and C an upper section of said firepot. Said sections are respectively provided with flanges o and c. Thetop inner edge of flange c is provided with a groove 0 to receive theupper Section of the fire pot, thus making a complete fire pot. The topof the outer edge of said flange is provided with a similar groove 0 inwhich a curved band D fits, forming a space D around said upper sectionof the fire pot. The outer edge of flange 0 is rovided with a lowergroove 0 to receive the upper edge of band D, and with an upper groove 0to receive that see- Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed. August 29, 1908.
Patented Mar. 29, 1910.
Serial No. 450,841.
' tion of the combustion chamber wall H to which is fastened, or cast,the diaphragm check draft M.
h is a supporting groove cast on section H of the combustion chamber.
I is an upper section of the combustion chamber wall.
I is a deep cap to the upper section of the wall of the combustionchamber, as shown in Fig. 5, and is cast as a part of the radiator J; italso serves as a cavity, or passage, through which heat produced by theburning of gas and smoke passes from the combustion chamber to saidradiator.
K is a draft door and K is a draft tube formed by a part of band D. Thedraft admitted through the draft door K and draft tube K passes throughsaid space D and becomes highly heated in passing to the rear of thefire pot, the larger part passing thence through a plurality of ports LL in the back part of the flange o of the fire pot into the combustionchamber under the dia phragm check draft M where it is forced to minglewith and burn the gases and smoke coked out of the fuel, while thesmaller part passes down through a semi-circular opening N, as shown inFig. 3, in the flange at the back part of the section 0 of the fire pot;thence down through a similar opening N, as shown in Fig. 2, in the rearof base B; thence up through the grate Z) to start and keep up thecoking and gas making process.
0 is a curved iron band, as shown in Fig. 7, joining the flange ofsection C of fire pot to base B forming a passage for so much of thedraft as goes down through the semicircular openings N and N. The innerwall of said radiator is perfectly smooth while the outer wall iscorrugated, as shown in Fig. 5, for the dual purpose of causing the heatto rebound from side to side and to increase the radiating surface.
The air heated in draft tube K passes from the tube into the spacearound the fire pot. Here its temperature continues to increase; it isthen ready to be admitted to the fire and enters the combustion chamberat the rear through openings L L in the flange in the back part in theupper section of the fire pot. The volume of air thus admitted has beengreatly expanded by its rise in temperature and rushes into the largecombustion chamber with great force. By means of the diaphragm checkdraft this preheated air is deflected toward the fire and forced tomingle with the combustible smoke and gases arising from the fuel. Theamount of draft passing downward is only suflicient to keep the firealive and keep up the coking and gas making process.
I reserve the right to make the radiator in one or two pieces, and fromeither cast iron or steel and to make any alterations in my device thatare merely mechanical.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The combination in a hot air furnace, of a base provided with asemi-circular opening at the rear, a lower section of fire pot supportedon said base and an outwardly projected flange thereon provided with asemi-circular opening therein and inner and outer grooves on the topthereof, an upper section of fire pot seated in said inner groove and anoutwardly projected flange thereon provided with a plurality of portstherein and upper and lower grooves at the outer edge thereof, an outercurved band spaced from said upper section of the fire pot, a lowercurved iron band spaced from said lower section of the fire pot saidupper band being seated in the groove in the outer edge of the flange onthe lower section of the fire pot and the groove underneath the outeredge of the flange on the upper section of the fire pot, said lowercurved band joining the outer edge of the flange of the lower section ofthe fire pot and the base, said space between the upper section of thefire pot and the upper curved band forming a chamber around the fire potthrough which the draft passes, a part of the heated air passing upthrough said ports in the flange in the upper section of the fire potwhile a part of the heated air passes down through the semicircularopening in the flange on the lower section of the fire pot and thencethrough a similar opening in the top of the rear of the base into saidbase and up through the grate, a draft tube formed by a projection ofsaid upper band, a lower section of the combustion chamber wall seatedin the top groove in the flange in said upper section of the fire pot, abaffle plate integral with the inside of said section of combustionchamber wall, a cap forming a fire pot dome and a radiator havingconnection with said dome through which radiator heat from thecombustion chamber passes, substantially as described and shown.
2. The combination in a hot air furnace of a base having a grate and anash pit provided with a semi-circular opening rear ward of the grate, alower fire pot section supported by said base having a semi-circularopening and an outwardly extending flange at the top thereof said flangebeing provided with an upper and lower groove upon the periphery of theupper and lower faces thereof and a groove at the upper, inner edgethereof, an upper fire pot sect-ion seated in said upper inner groovehaving an outwardly extending flange at the top thereof said flange alsobeing provided with an upper and lower groove upon the periphery of theupper and lower faces thereof, a supporting member seated on said baseengaging with the lower groove upon the periphery of the lower face ofthe lower fire pot section flange, a curved band spaced from the upperfire pot section seated in the groove on the upper face of saidperiphery of the flange of said lower fire pot section and engaging withthe groove on the lower face of the upper section fire pot flangeperiphery, a lower section of the combustion chamber wall supported inthe groove on the upper face of said upper fire pot section flangeperiphery and provided with a supporting groove cast integral on theoutside thereof, an upper section of combustion chamber wall seated insaid supporting groove, a baffle plate rigid with the lower part of thecombustion chamber wall, a draft tube formed by a projection of saidcurved band a draft door at the front end of said tube and means forcarrying off the products of combustion, substantially as shown and setforth.
3. A hot air furnace comprising the necessary draft and smoke inlets andoutlets, a base, a fire pot consisting of upper and lower sections theupper section being provided with an outward flange having a groove inthe upper face of its periphery, a lower section of rear combustionchamber wall seated in said groove said section of wall having asupporting groove integral therewith upon its outer surface, an uppersect-ion of combustion chamber wall seated in said groove on the lowersection of wall and a bafiie plate carried on the top edge of the lowersection of the combustion chamber wall, substantially as shown and setforth.
4. In a hot air furnace having the necessary draft inlets and outletsthe combination with a base therefor, a fire pot provided at the topwith an outward flange having a groove on the upper face of itsperiphery, a grate at the base of said fire pot, a radiator and the capthereof, of a section of the combustion chamber wall seated in saidgroove and provided with a horizontal groove on its rear surface, anupper section of combustion chamber wall seated in said horizontalgroove and extending upward and forward into In testimony whereof Iafiix my signature connection with said radiator and a baffle inpresence of two witnesses.
plate carried on the top edge of the section of combustion chamber wallhaving said LINCOLN HOWARD groove on its rear surface, said baffle plateWitnesses: bearing upwardly and forwardly over said O. S. PAYNE, firepot substantially as described. I T. O. HAWKINS.
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2024-03-22
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1908-08-29
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1910-03-29"
}
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US-44670754-A
|
Sauerkraut processing apparatus
2 Shegts-Sheet 1 D. M. MOBEAN ETAL SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUS um umaw mum N .r 5 0 N m w L 0 Y B N mm, 4 L 4% Q am June 3, 1958 Filed Julyso. 1954 ATTORNEY i D. M. M BEAN ETAL SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUSJune 3, 1958 2 Sheetssh 2 Filed July 30. 1954 IN V EN TOR. DOUGL ANDLAl/R 45 M mesa/v ewes a. mum v ATTORNEY United States Patent '0SAUERKRAUT PROCESSING APPARATUS Douglas M. McBean, Rochester, andLaurence C. Tallman, Churchville, N. Y., assignors to McBean ResearchCorporation, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York ApplicationJuly 30, 1954, Serial No. 446,707
11 Claims. (Cl. 259-95) The present invention relates to canning.apparatus and more particularly to a soaking and filler feed tank foruse with machines for canning sauerkraut.
In making sauerkraut cabbage. is shredded andsalted, then placed in. avat or cask and allowed to soak in the brine for several months beforebeing canned. When the kraut is removed from the fermenting vat to beprocessed for canning, a substantial portion of it is usually lumped andknotted together; especially the kraut near the bottom of the vat.Theseknotted lumps of kraut cause a serious canning problem; for unlessthese knots and lumps are thoroughly unravelled it is impossible tosterilize the kraut completely, for the sterilizing steam is unable topenetrate to the cores of these lumps. As a result when the kraut iscanned, some cans contain kraut Which is wholly 'or partiallyunsterilized. Fermentation continues within these cans; the pressurebuild-up bulges the cans; and the kraut. in them is unfit forconsumption. As a result there is not only a sizeable loss to thecanner, wholesaler, or retailer, but damage to the reputation of thetrademark under which the kraut is sold. 1
Numerous. attempts havebeen made to overcome this problem. One practiceis. to dump the kraut into a breakup tank and to paddle the kraut inthis tank before feeding it into the sterilizer. In paddling the krautlarge paddles which project into the break-up tank, move back and forth,breaking up, the. lumps of kraut, However, it. has been found that this.makes, mainly, small lumps out of large ones and does not thoroughlyloosen the kraut. Furthermore, the paddles tend to tear the shreds orthreads of kraut. This is a particularly undesirable result because thetype'of kraut in greatest commerical demand is long thread kraut.
Another problem with'tbe. conventional break-up tank is that of feedingthe kraut. from the break-up tank into the sterilizer at an even,uniform rate so that the canning machine can be runat its peakproduction capacity. One feeding device, that is conventionally used, isa rotatable steel drum partially submerged. at one end of the breakuptank. This drum is equipped with numerous projecting spikes which pickthe kraut. out of the brine .as the drum rotates and deliver the. krautonto an endless belt for conveyance to the canning machine. This drumhas. several deficiencies. Means must. be provided to re.- move thekraut from the spikes so that it will drop onto the. conveyor. The krauttends to become lodged. between the drum and the tank and, unlessremoved, will turn brown and decay. Therefore the tank and drum requirefrequent cleaning. Furthermore, the knotted lumps of kraut tend to sinkin the brine out. of the reach of the drum spikes, where they remainuntil manually removed.
. The primary object of the present invention is to provide means forcompletely breaking up and separating sauerkraut after it is removedfrom the fermentation vat and before feeding it into the sterilizer.
Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus "ice which willbreak up and separate knotted sauerkraut without tearing the threads ofkraut.
Another object of the invention is to provide. a breakup and feed tankfor separating and breakingxup sauerkraut which so operates that thesauerkraut will be prevented from becoming lodged in the tank during thebreak-up and feeding process.
Another object of the invention is to provide a breakup and feed tank ofthe character described having novel means for efficiently removingsauerkraut from the tank at an even and uniform rate.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter frornthespecification and from the recital of the appended claims.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an improved break-up and feed tankconstructed. according to one embodiment 0 this invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of this tank;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal, vertical section of the tank;
Fig. 4 is a transverse, vertical section through the tank taken on line4-4 of Fig. 3 and looking in thedirection of the arrows; and
Fig. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary section taken on lines 55 in Fig. land looking in the direction of the arrows Referring now tothe drawingsby numerals of reference, 1t] denotes a generally rectangularwater-tight tank which may be constructed of water-proof plywood,- orother suitable material. This tank comprises a bottom or base 20, twoparallel side walls 21 and 22, a forward wall 34, front braces orsupports 23, and a rear wall 24. For supporting the tank 10 off andabove the floor, longitudinal and transverse support planks 25, 26 areprovided. Vertically disposed, spaced studding '27 is pro-- vided toreinforce the side walls and these are braced by braces 23 (Fig. 4) eachof which seats at oneend against the studdingand at its opposite endagainst the transverse planks 26.
Within. the tank 10 is a steel bafile plate 30 (Fig. 3.) which isslanted upwardly at approximately a 45 angle. and toward the frontsupports 23. One end. of the plate 30 has a flange portion 31,projecting rearwardly, which may be secured to the base 20 of the tankby screws or in any other desired manner. The. opposite end of the platehas a similar flange 32 which projects forwardly.
As shown in Fig. 3., the top of this plate is below the,
top of the tank. It extends transversely ofv the tank from side to sideof the; tank.
The forward wall 34,-slanted at substantially the same angle as theplate 3iland afiixed to the sides of the tank, runs from the base 20' tothe tops of the forward supports 23. The bafde plate 3d and wall 34createa compartment 35 within-the tank which is: separate from the sec.-tion 36. of the tank that is bounded by the rear wall24 and the .baflleplate 30. Spanning between the top of the baffle plate 30 and the top ofwall 34 is a fine metal screen orperforated plate 38 which runs parallelto the base: 20 for a portion of. its. length. and then curves upwardlyto. its juncture with the top of wall 3.4. The plate 39 and screen 38are. maintained-in position and. sup portedby the wooden brace members37 that are secured to: the sides of the tank.
A pump 4ll'with a capacity of aboutlOOgallons perminute, is connected toone side. 21 of the tank between the bafile plate 30 and wall 34. Theflange of the pipe-- connection with the suction side of this pump isdenoted at 39 (Fig. l); and the pipe connection itself is shown.
is. connected through, the pipes. 42, 43. and. 44 (Figs. 2, 3
and 4) to a series of nozzles 45 which are disposed parallel to oneanother across the width of the rear end of the tank section 36 adjacentthe bottom thereof. The pipe 41 is also connected with a vertical pipe47 which, in turn, is connected through a horizontal pipe 48 to a secondseries of nozzles 46 which are disposed to extend upwardly in adirection parallel to the bafiie plate 30.
Projecting into the section 36 of the tank 10 adjacent its rear side isa pipe 50 for delivering compressed air to the tank. This pipe runsvertically parallel to the wall 24. It is connected at its bottom to apipe or manifold 51 that extends horizontally parallel to the base 20,ending at a point just short of the baflie plate 30. The pipe ormanifold 51 is in communication with a plurality of parallel conduits52, spaced along the base 20 and extending parallel thereto. Theseconduits are provided with numerous fine air holes in their lower sides.A compressed air line is connected with pipe 50 so that compressed airflows through pipes 50, 51 and 52, and the air holes in pipes 52, intothe tank section 36.
One size tank that has been constructed according to this invention istwelve feet in overall length, six feet two and a half inches in lengthfrom the rear wall 24 to the bottom of the bafiie plate 30, seventeenand one half inches wide between the side walls 21 and 22, and threefeet deep. This tank is adapted to be filled with cold brine to a depthto slightly lap over that portion of the screen 38 which runs parallelto the base 20. About one ton of sauerkraut may be dumped into a tanksection 36 of the size described. Due to the forward direction of flowofwater from the nozzles 45 and the upward direction of flow of waterfrom the nozzles 46, and to the suction of the pump attached to chamber35 by flange 39, and due to the agitation produced by the compressed airflowing from pipes 52, the kraut is rolled round and round and agitatedand the threads of kraut are separated from one another and carriedupwardly over baflie plate 30 and onto screen or drain plate 38. Thewater draining from the kraut through the perforations in the screenfalls into chamber 35 and is returned by the pump to pipe 41 for useagain. The pump causes a continuous circulation of the water in thetank, the water being pumped out of tank section 36 over the metal batheplate 30 and through screen 38 back into the section 36 of the tank atthe bottom thereof in the entering portion of the tank where the krautis dumped into the tank. The nozzles 46 may be omitted, if desired, butare preferably used because they help force the kraut up and over thebathe 30 into the spaces between the rakes that rake the kraut off thescreen.
The kraut is adapted to be raked off the screen 38 by rakes 60 (Fig.which are fastened at opposite lateral ends to two parallel endlesschains 62. The tines of these rakes are denoted at 61. The chains 62travel over two pairs of sprockets 63, one pair of sprockets beingsecured to a shaft 64 in axially spaced relation; and the other pair ofsprockets being secured to a shaft 65 in cor-- responding axially spacedrelation. The shaft 64 is journaled in pillow blocks 66 which aresecured to a frame 67 mounted on top of the tank and the shaft 65 isjournaled in pillow blocks 68 which are also secured to the frame 67.
Shaft 65 is driven by a motor (not shown), a belt 70, and a pulley 71.The pulley 71 is secured to a shaft 72, which is parallel to the shaft65. The shaft 72 is journaled in pillow blocks 73 secured to the frame67. Secured to the shaft 72 is a spur pinion 74 which meshes with a spurgear 75 that is secured to the sprocket shaft 65. The rotation of theshafts 72 and 65 and of the sprockets 63, are synchronized with theoperation of the canning machine so that kraut is raked from the screen38 only in quantities that can be handled by the machine. The lowerreach of belt 62 is so positioned that the tines mounted thereon arepositioned just above the surface of the screen 38 (Fig. 5) to rake itclean during operation and to keep it from clogging. A conveyor belt,not
shown, may receive the kraut as it is raked off the screen and convey itto the canning machine.
While the invention has been described in connection with a particularembodiment thereof, it is capable of various modifications and uses, andthis application is intended to cover any variations, uses oradaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles ofthe invention and including such deparatures from the present disclosureas come within known or customary practice in the art to which theinvention pertains and as may be applied to the essential featureshereinbefore set forth and as fall within the scope of the invention orthe limits of the appended claims.
Having thus described our invention what we claim is:
1. Apparatus for'processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rearend and a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tankdividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top of saidbaffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank beingadapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depthlevel higher thanthe height of said baffle plate, a perforated member spanning said tankfrom the top of said baflie plate to the top of the forward end of saidtank and through which liquid may drain into said forward sec tion,means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section ofsaid tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate saidliquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over saidbafile plate and onto said perforated member, means within the rearsection of said tank for agitating said liquid while depth-level higherthan the height of said baflie plate, a
screen spanning said tank from the top of said baflile plate to the topof the forward end of said tank and through which liquid may drain intosaid forward section, means for continuously pumping said liquid out ofthe forward section of said tank and into the rear section of said tankto circulate said liquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly throughsaid tank, over said baffle plate and onto said screen, means within therear section of said tank for supplying air under pressure to saidliquid to agitate the liquid and the kraut therein.
3. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut, comprising a tank having a rearend and a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tankdividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top of saidbafile plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank beingadapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depthlevel higher thanthe height of said bafile plate, a perforated member spanning said tankfrom the top of said baffle plate to the top of the forward end of saidtank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, meansfor continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of saidtank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid andthereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank over said baffleplate and onto said perforated member, said means comprising a pump,piping and a series of outlet nozzles, said nozzles being positioned inthe rear section of said tank at the bottom thereof and directed towardthe forward section of said tank.
4. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut, comprising a tank having a rearand a forward end, a liquid impervious inclined baffle plate in saidtank dividing it into a rear section and a forward section, the top ofsaid baffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank beingadapted to be filled with kraut and a liquid to a depth-level higherthan the height of said baflie plate, a perforated member spanning saidtank from the top of said baffie plate to the top of the forward end ofsaid tank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section,means for continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section ofsaid tank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate saidliquid and thereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank over saidbaffle plate and onto said perforated member, said means comprising apump, piping and two sets of outlet nozzles, said sets of outlet nozzlesbeing mounted in the rear section of said tank, one set of said nozzlesbeing positioned adjacent and parallel to the bottom of said tank at therear end thereof and directed toward the forward end of said tank, theother set of nozzles being positioned on the bottom of said tankadjacent said bafile plate and extending upwardly parallel thereto.
5. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rearand a forward end, a liquid impervious baffle plate in said tankdividing it into a rear section and a forwad section, the top of saidbafile plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank beingadapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depth-level higher thanthe height of said baffie plate, a perforated member spanning said tankfrom the top of said bafiie plate to the top of the forward end of saidtank and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, meansfor continuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of saidtank and into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid andthereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said baflleplate and onto said perforated member, means within the rear section ofsaid tank for agitating said liquid while it is circulating, saidagitating means being positioned in the rear section of said tankadjacent the bottom thereof, and comprising a plurality of conduitsconnected to a source of compressed air, said conduits being parallel tothe base of said tank and having a plurality of outlet holes throughwhich air is ejected into said liquid.
6. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank having a rearand a forward end, a liquid impervious inclined baflie plate in saidtank dividing it intoa rear section and a forward section, the top ofsaid baffle plate being lower than the top of said tank, said tank beingadapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a depth-level higher thanthe height of said baffle plate, a screen spanning said tank from thetop of said baffie plate to the top of the forward end of said tank andthrough which the liquid may drain into said forward section, means forcontinuously pumping said liquid out of the forward section of said tankand into the rear section of said tank to circulate said liquid andthereby move the kraut forwardly through said tank, over said baffleplate and onto said screen, means within the rear section of said tankfor agitating said liquid while it is circulating, said circulatingmeans comprising a pump, piping and a series of outlet nozzles, saidoutlet nozzles being positioned in the rear section of said tankadjacent the bottom thereof and directed toward the forward section ofsaid tank, said agitating means comprising a manifold positioned in therear section of said tank and connected to a source of compressed air,and a plurality of conduits extending from said manifold, said conduitsbeing adjacent and parallel to the base of said tank and having aplurality of outlet holes through which air is ejected into said liquid.
7. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to holdkraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and apair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffle platedisposed across said tank between said rear and said forward walls anddividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, saidbaflle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below thetop of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottomto its top, a foraminous member extending forwardly of the tank fromsaid baffle plate and through which liquid may drain 6 into said forwardsection, said tank being adapted to be filled with kriaut and liquid toa level above the top of said baffle plate, means for pumping liquid ontof said forward section into said rear section adjacent the bottomthereof, and means fors'upplying compressed air into inclined forwardlyof the tank from its bottom to its top,
. a foramionus member extending forwardly of the tank from said baffleplate and through which liquid may drain into said forward section, saidtank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to a level abovethe top of said hafile plate, means for pumping liquid out of saidforward section into said rear section adjacent the bottom thereof, andmeans for supplying compressed air into said rear section adjacent thebottom thereof to agitate the liquid and kraut therein.
9. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted to holdkraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall, and apair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffle platedisposed across said tank between said rear and said forward Walls anddividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, saidbaffle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below thetop of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottomto its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from saidbafile plate and through which liquid may drain into said forwardsection, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to alevel above the top of said baflie plate, means for pumping liquid outof said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottomthereof and including a nozzle disposed in said rear section adjacentthe rear and bottom of said rear section and directed forwardly, andmeans for supplying compressed air into said rear section to agitate theliquid and kraut therein.
10. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted tohold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall,and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a baffleplate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward wallsand dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, saidbaffle plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below thetop of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottomto its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from saidbaffle plate and through which liquid may drain into said forwardsection, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to alevel above the top of said baffie plate, means for pumping liquid outof said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottomthereof and including a nozzle disposed in said rear section adjacentsaid bafile plate and adjacent the bottom of said rear section anddirected upwardly generally parallel to said baffle plate, and means forsupplying compressed air into said rear section to agitate the liquidand kraut therein.
11. Apparatus for processing sauerkraut comprising a tank adapted tohold kraut and a liquid, said tank having a rear wall, a forward wall,and a pair of side walls connecting the rear and forward walls, a bafileplate disposed across said tank between said rear and said forward wallsand dividing said tank into a rear section and a forward section, saidbaffie plate extending from the bottom of the tank to a point below thetop of the tank and being inclined forwardly of the tank from its bottomto its top, a foraminous plate extending forwardly of the tank from saidbafile plate and through which liquid may drain into said forwardsection, said tank being adapted to be filled with kraut and liquid to alevel above the top of said baffle plate, means for pumping liquid outof said forward section and into said rear section adjacent the bottomthereof and including a plurality of nozzles disposed in said rearsection adjacent the rear and bottom thereof and directed forwardly anda plurality of nozzles disposed in said rear section adjacent the bottomthereof and said baffie plate and directed forwardly and upwardlygenerally parallel to said bafiie plate, and means for supplyingcompressed air into said rear section to agitate the liquid and krauttherein.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTSMcTaggart I an. 28, 1930 Cowles Feb. 3, 1931 Skinner July 22, 1941Nielsen Aug. 11, 1942 Dishauzi Aug. 7, 1945 Terrell Jan. 15, 1952
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2024-03-22
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1954-07-30
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1958-06-03"
}
|
US-39805941-A
|
Device for indicating exposure time of printed pages
-De.2s,1943. A W` BARBER $37,534
DEVICE FR INDICATING EXPOSURE TIME 0F PRINTED PAGES Filed June 14, 1941INVENTOR Patentedv Dee. 2s, 1943 DEVICE FOR INDICATING EXPOSURE TIME OFPRINTED PAGES Alfred W. Buben-Flushing, N. Y.
Application June 14, 1941, Serial No. 398,059
' (ci. .a5-1) 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to reading time tests and in particular toa photographic device Avide means for determining Athe time a readerspends on each page of a magazine by indicating and recording the timeor relative time the page is exposed to light.
Another object is to increase the accuracy of such a device by breakingup the total time into predetermined periods.
Still another object is to equalize the results obtained by daylightwith those obtained by articial light.
These and other objects will be apparent from the detailed descriptionof the invention given in connection with the various figures of thedrawing.
In the past it has been necessary to watch a subject and to time himwith a stopwatch in crder to nd out how much time he spends in readingvarious pages of books, magazines, etc.
It will at once be appreciated that if something could be placed on apage of a book or magazine which would automatically record the timespent in reading the page that a great deal of time and expense would besaved in making reading time surveys. The present invention concerns adevice for recording reading time over wide limits of time, to a highdegree of accuracy and inexpensively. Briefly the device consists in avariable density wedge covering a photo-sensitive surface. Thephoto-sensitive surface is preferably sensitized in the yellow or greenportions of the spectrum; it has a steep characteristic curve; and it isprovided with an opaque backing. The wedge is dyed to make itselectively transmit yellow or green light corresponding to the colorsensitivity of the photo-sensitive surface in order to equalize thereadingsobtained byl identifying naraliv; A
r In thedrawing:V .A .l
ig. 1 shwsone form may bev markedjwiththe page nuinbke'ruor, 4otherFig.- 2 shows oneforrn o f photosensitive S311",-
face.
The paper vsupportfof the phtosensitivesurface wedge.
Fig. 3 shows one form of variable wedge.
Fig. 4 shows one form of mounting.
Fig. 5 shows a second form of wedge.
Fig. 6 shows the wedge combination attached to a magazine page.
Fig. 7 shows ari alternate form of wedge.
Fig. 8 shows still another alternate form of wedge.
Fig. 9 shows a detail of alternate wedge positions on magazine pages.
Fig. 10 shows the record obtained according to one form of theinvention.
In Fig. 1 is shown a circular piece of opaque material vfor backing thephoto-sensitive surface to prevent light from the other side of the pagefrom affecting the reading. This backing may conveniently be a piece ofthin black paper. The effect of the backing may also be obtained bycoating the back of the photo-sensitive surface support or the page towhich the combination is attached with opaque material such as blackprinters ink.
In Fig. 2 is `shown photo-sensitive surface which may be on anyconvenient support such as thin paper. The photo-sensitive surface ispreferably dye-sensitized or otherwise rendered highly sensitive11o-green or yellow light so that it will respond readily to artificiallight and minimize the effect of daylight especiallyfthe blue orultra-violet. Tabulation of the records obtained may be simplified if aphoto-sensitive surdensity face having a steep characteristic curve isused since the exposure steps will be thereby madey more definite.
In Fig. 3 is shown one form of variable density The wedge may be mademost conveniently by exposing sectors of a disc of photographic lm byVarying amounts. When the film is developed and fixed, sectors ofvarying density are produced. The density of the various sec'- Y tors,their number, and total vdensityrange is determined yby the timeintervals to be recorded. For instance, if the ljtime intervalkratiobetween each step is two to one, 'the density of the sectorsshould diler by 0.3. `Again, if the :lowest-time interval is 2lseconds.E 4 seconds, Sseconds; -16 sec'- onds, v3 2 `seconds and; 64'seconds may -berecorded yonfa six-sector wedge.- yInqpracticeit hasy.been
found possible to cover4 a total 1 timex: .zrangeil of 1000l to1` withasinglawedge zand photossensi'- tive surface-and withZ 12;orfmoreintervals. The
v,variable density wedge vmay. be l:,dyedf,or-.rnradel on a dyedysupport which-transmitsl yellowfoi'r-green light corresponding to thesensitivity maximum of the photo-sensitive surface. The wedge color`transmission and the photo-sensitive surface response combine toequalize the record produced by daylight with that produced by artiiciallight. Without this provision the usual photo-sensitive surface ishighly sensitive to blue and ultra-vlolet light and daylight would givean abnormally high reading in the record.
Fig. 4 shows one device for attaching the wedge and photo-sensitivesurface combination to the magazine page. It may be a piece oftransparent adhesive, or may be dyed like the wedge.
Fig. 5 shows a variable density Wedge which' is a modified form of theform shown in Fig. 3 enlarged to show more detail. This wedge has sixsections, namely, 4, 5, 6, '1, 8 and 9. Section 4 has very low density,say about 0.1 while the density of each of the other steps is increasedin denite proportion. Thus, section 5 may have a density of 0.4, section6 of 0.7, section l of 1.0 etc.
Fig. 6 shows how the photo-sensitive surface 2, placed over the backingpiece l andunder the wedge 3, may be attached to a magazine page l l bythe adhesive l0. The adhesive I may be colored to selectively transmityellow or green light, in addition to, or in place of, the dyeing of thewedge. The combination may also be attached to the page by omittingadhesive l0 and attaching the various pieces together and to the pagewith a suitable liquid adhesive.v Mucilage has been found to be asuitable adhesive and the device may be taken apart after use fordevelopment and tabulation by soaking in water. A number correspondingto the page number or other identifying mark may be placed on the backof the photo-sensitive surface support.
Fig. '7 shows an alternate form of wedge in which the sections ofvariable density are rectangular.
Fig. 8 shows another alternate form of the invention in which aphoto-sensitive surface I is partially covered with a single densitywedge I6. This provides two ranges of light reaching the sensitivesurface and may be useful where only two ranges or a narrow range ottimeis to be recorded. IThe record scale may be extended by the use of aphoto-sensitive surface having an extended exposure range.
Fig. 9 shows a magazine having adjacent pages 1T and 18. One wedge andphoto-sensitive surface combination i9 is shown mounted on the insideedge or trough of the page. This position is useful where articiallighting is received on the page at an acute angle and daylight at anobtuse angle since more shadow is cast and less exposure is produced atthe obtuse angle tending to reduce the daylight values -to thoseobtained with articial light. At 20 is shown another wedge andphoto-sensitive surface combination near the outer edge of the page.This position yields more uniform record results from uniform lightconditions since fewer shadows are cast.
Fig. 10 shows a typical record produced by the reading time device ofthe present invention. The photo-sensitive surface 2 has been exposed onthe page of a magazine and has been developed and fixed. The recordshows a totally exposed section 2I which is full black, and a partiallyexposed section 22 partially exposed. This shows that the page on whichthis photo-sensitive surface was used was read more than the timeindicated by the nrst wedge step and less than the time of the thirdwedge step. It also indicates that the time 'was within the second stepinterval which, for instance, might be 2 to 4 seconds. Comparison with acalibrated meter for the photo-sensitive surface might show thattheactual exposure was 3.5 seconds.
While a proper choice of steps, the equalization of daylight exposuresto those of artificial light, and a proper choice of a photo-sensitivesurface provide fair results, it is important that the development andxing of the exposed surinveniton are individually modified by thelnvtensity of the reading light.
However, it has been found that a large percentage of reading is doneunder light quite close to the average. While a single sample of readingtime taken according to the present invention may be in error, the erroris eliminated by taking the average of a number of samples. In general,suflicient accuracy for most purposes maybe obtained with as few assamples.
While one embodiment and affew modications of the present invention havebeen shown and described, many modifications will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between aplurality of pages of an article has been-open to light, a piece ofphotosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variabledensity wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material,and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page insaid superimposed positionA 2. In an apparatus for indicating the lengthof time a page between a plurality of pages of an article has been opento light, a piece of photosensitive material disposed on the face ofsaid page, a variable density Wedge superimposed over said piece ofphotosensitive material, holding means securing said variable densitywedge to saidpage in said superimposed position, and opaque backingmaterial disposed between said piece of photosensitive material and theface of said page.
3. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a. page between aplurality of pages of a article has been open to light, a piece ofphotosensitive 'material disposed on the face of Said page, a variabledensity wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material,and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page insaid superimposed position, the means comprising a cap disposed over andenclosing said piece of transparent material and said variable densitywedge, the edges of the cap being secured to the face of the page, atleast the portion of the cap overlying said wedge being substantiallytransparent.
4. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between aplurality of pages of an article has been open to light, a piece ofphotosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variabledensity wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensiitve material,and holding means securing said variable density wedge to said page insaid superimposed position, the photosensitive material being sensitizedprimarily toI a predetermined` color, the variable density wedge beingformed to pass said color only.
5. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time a page between aplurality of pages of an article has been open to light, a piece oflphotosensitive material disposed on the face of said page, a variabledensity wedge superimposed over said piece of photosensitive material,holding means securing said fvariable density wedge'to said page in saidsuperimposed position, and lter means for reducing the transmission of apredetermined type of light also superposed over said piece ofphotosensitive material, the piece of photosensitive material, wedge,and filter means all being secured to said page .by said holding means.i
6. In an apparatus for indicating the length of time two or more pagesof an article comprising a plurality of printed pages have been open tolight, a pair of devices respectively disposedv on the adjacent faces oftwo adjacent pages, each device comprising a sheet of opaque backingmaterial disposed over its respective page, a sheet of photosensitivematerial disposed over the sheet of backing material, a sheet ofmaterial forming a variable density wedge disposed over the sheet ofphotosensitive material, and means securing said sheets to their respec`tive pages superposed in the order named.
ALFRED W. BARBER.
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2024-03-22
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1941-06-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1943-12-28"
}
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US-1433570D-A
|
Battery hand lamp
F. G. STMSON.
BATTERY HAND LAMP.
APPLlcATloN FILED ocT.
Patented Oct. 31, 1922;
/N VENTO/e ams an,
e929?! y W A TTORNE Y Patented Oct. 3l, 1922.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
FRANK G. STIMSON, OF NEW HAVEN, Cl'.)NNECICU'I7 ASSIGNOR TO WINCHESTERREPEATING ARMS COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OFCONNECTICUT.
BATTERY HAND LAMP,
Application filed October 20, 1921.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, FRANK G. STIMsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Haven, in the county of New l-laven, State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBattery Hand Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.
The present invention relates to battery hand lamps of the type in whichthe distribution of light from the lamp can be altered to suit the needsof the user.
In accordance with the present invention, the reliector for the lamp canbe moved relatively to the lamp bulb and its socket to alter the spreadof the projected light and to produce, when desired, a beam ofsubstantially parallel fays adapted for projections to a distance ofseveral hundred feet.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner and fragileterminal of the lamp is protected from destructive thrust of the upperbattery terminal and means is provided for the convenient storage of aspare bulb. Renewal of a worn out bulb is made easy, and the hand lamphas other useful and novel features as hereinafter pointed out more atlength.
In the accompanying drawing- Figure 1 :is a sectional elevation of oneembodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevation of the front end of the hand lamp;
Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. l; and
Fig. f1 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawing, the hand lampcomprises a tubular casing 1, preferably of insulating material suchasliber, which serves as a container for a plurality of dry cells 2placed end to end therein in the usual manner. At the bottom of casing 1is a collar 3 and a bottom closure or end cap l threaded thereto andcarrying a coil spring 5 which makeseleitrical connection with the nakedbottom of the lowermost dry cell and which serial No. 508,989.
holds all of the dry cells in good electrical contact with one anotherand with the mechanism the front end of the casing.
@n the front end of the is a threaded flanged collar 6 held in place asby lmetal rivets l'. Threaded to this a flaring meta-l head. S threadedat its front end to receive a ring 9 in which a plain lens 10 ispermanently mounted. The front end the fiber casing is provided with aclosure 11 held rigidly in position by rivets 7 and consistingY of a cupof insulating material having a central depression 12. leaf spring 13housed in said depression has an extension which passes through saidclosure at .14. and is clamped against the bottom of the ber cup bytangs Y15 pressed up therefrom and inserted through openings in theliber and clinched over, as shown in lthe drawing. The upper brassterminal 1G of the series of dry cells bears against the extension ofspring 13 and thus establishes electrical connection therewith.lVIounted on the top of said fixed closure is a metal plate 1'? havinglingers 18 passed through the bottom of the iiber cup and clinched over,as shown in the drawing, to -hold the plate in position. Electricallyconnected with this plate and preferably integral therewith is athreaded lamp socket 19 in which a lamp bulb 20 is normally mounted withits inner terminal bearing against spring 1B and thus electricallyconnected with the battery. For best results, this lamp bulb should beof a type in which the tungsten lilanient is concentrated atapproximately a pointL Better results can be had from such a lamp thanfrom those using the common S-shaped filaments.
Lamp 2G is provided with a rellector 21 approximately parabolic incontour and hay-- ing` at its front edge an outwardly extending lange 22clamped between the lens porting ring 9 and the 'Front edge of head 8.This reflector is separate rrom lamp socket 19 and eleftricallyinsulated there.A from by a suitable air gap, and has an opening' largeenough to permit removal of head F and its supported parts withoutdisturbing bulb 2O in its soeiiet 19, In other words, the centralopening of the reliector is larger 'than bulb Q0.
The cup-shaped closure 1i is deep enough to torni at the 'trent end oithe easing an annula 'l eoiiiliartnient in which one or more spare lainpbulbs Q3 can be stored ind conveniently carried about. Preferably thecup is lined with a ring` ot paper or other insulating;V material, sothat the nietal socket of a spare bulb Q?, may not bridge the betweenthe adjacent lainp socket 19 and one oit the nietal rivets l and 'thusexpose the hand lainp to the danger ot inadvertent lightingl ra'lienlaid down on a. nietal sur- Y or placed .in rontaet with nietal tools.it stationary niet-al strip is fastened to the` casina by rivet 25 andhas its bent liront end introdrufed through an or ing; 2li iu` tlzeinsulating Cup and yieldinggly pressing` against the edge et plate ll'and thus establisliingv connection with the outer terininal 'i lainp 20.,llie other ol oi i strip is proyided Ywith an outwardly bent linger 25hwhich passes through a hole in the casing` and is enveloped by ahousing,` to which is riveted a leat spring* 2S, 'the tree end oit whichshaped to torni a pan or tliuinb plate 29 opposed to linger 25D and. bywhich the tloiv of current to the. lauip eau be controlled. lny theeo-nstruetion shown, this swinging eontart elenien't Q8 can be hel( inpermanent engagement with linger 25h by first pressing* it down and thensliding; toi-ward a rougliened thunib piece l0 which rari-ies theliiie'ei 3l adapted to dis/anfrage :troni a slot in eleineiit andtherezfr to slide alo-iig` the outer tace ot 'that eleinent and hold itin engagement with tiafger 25h.
lilith the switch mechanism ot' the aeter described. the circuit can betarily closed. as for s'j'ialingr with the code. by a siniple tliuinbpressrue on thi.Vl l the lainp can be berne l i pan 29. o ii desired7 f.continuously by lirst pushiiigggv inwird oi pan 29 and then sliding thethuinb forward against element 30 te inoife finger 3i into sueliposition that it Will liolil the spring' ient in circuit elosinn'relation.
the Construction above i with i particularly when usine; a lmnp uilfliicli the ligijlit-.friyinq laniezit in to approximately a le point.the iight, rays can be sent iut .troni releetor 2l through lens oneanother.
l0 substantially parallel The narrow beain ot' light so `pinduced willcarry to a long` distaiiee. .it a wider beani is desired, the entirehead oi' mesmo and the reflector adjustment best suited to lainp 2O isnot necessarily the adjustmentbest suited to lanip 28.
To yieldingly lock the head in its adjusted position, collar 6 haspressed therein a pr' j sting' lug 32 (Fig. 9.), and the lower edge oi"the nietal head S is pressed outvmidly te terni a plurality oit recesses'tor uglinenient with said lue` to yieldinnly lool; the head againstinadvertent rotation on said collar.
li? the user desires a more diffused light than can be had by adjusting'`the rel'lector aloifiu the axis ot tl lanip bulb. it is por sible toentirety unserew and reiimre head il and its supported retleetor andleusI without iilisturbing;l 'the operative relation beA4 'tween thebattery and lz nip El), and without even opening' the cireuit throne?the lamp. lily this change the hand lanip is converted into what is iiieii'ect battery candle. tor the bulb of lamp 2O is positioned beyoinlthe liront edge oi'f the casing` and so is lree to send its light insubstantially all directions.
lrlarious changes niay be niade iii-the toi-m 1 l el in :i battery handlauip. a easing'. a
y therein. an electric bulb and :i 'therefor mounted independently olf*t* r in said easing. a threaded ineina reH lroto lill vWely to saidbulb to alter e projected lieht. one olf said i and the otherl havn ypressed therein tor 0u i ist inadaded to sai i plurali J et reeesse. .fM.. 1.. .lor enit einem withv sail i`-` d head against i loclt i on saidcollara and a rele t i i i the iorward end oil said metal headindependently of said bulb. said reflector being movable i axially andrelatively 'to said lV b to atei' the siiread of the projected i tsubstantially as described.
3. ln a battery h' easiiifg. i e elosure` i d oit the. said easing.
i". insula: closure :tor the other end an eleetrie bulb mounted in l atubular iii- Iein. a rinnovsaid fixed closure and linsulated thereby,said insulating closure having a central depression in the bottom ofwhich is mounted a spring contact member interposed between said bulband said battery, a reflector' adjustably mounted on the end of saidcasing for co-operating with said bulb, whereby the spread of theprojected light rays may be altered at will, and means for closing andopening the electric circuit through said bulb and said battery at will.
4. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular casing, a battery therein, aclosure of insulating material rigidly mounted in one end of. saidcasing, a bul secured thereto and having a threaded socket, an elect-ricbulb mounted in said socket and insulated by said closure, a springcontact member interposed between said bulb and said battery, means forclosing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and saidbattei-y at will, a reflector mounted in said casing independently ofsaid lamp and its socket, means whereby the relative longitudinalposition of said bulb and said reflector may be varied for the purposeof altering the spread of the projected light, and means for yieldinglylocking said reflector in any one of several positions to give thedesired distribution of the light, substantially as described.
5. In a. battery hand lamp, a tubular casing, a battery therein, aremovable closure for one end of said casing, a closure of im sulatingmaterial rigidly mounted in the other end of said casing, an electricbulb mounted in the said fixed closure and insulated thereby, means forclosing and opening the electric circuit through said bulb and saidbattery at will, means whereby the spread of the projected light raysmay be altered at will, said insulating closure having a centraldepression in the bottom of which is mounted a spring contact member.interposed between said bulb and said battery, and a threaded metalsocket for the lrece'liition ot said bulb and having at its inner end anoutwardly extending annular plate n'iountcd upon the outer face oi saidinsulating closure.
6. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular cas ing,a removable closure for oneend of said casing, a fixed closure for the other end of said casingcomprising an insulating cuplilre member rigidly mounted in said casing,a spring centrally located in said insulating member, a metallic platerigidly attached to said insulating member and having a forwardlyprojecting threaded socket, an electric bulb mounted in said socket andin contact with said spring, a battery in said casing with its forwardpole contacting with said spring, means whereby the electric circuitthrough said bulb and said battery may be opened and closed at will, andmeans.
whereby the spread of the projected light rays may be altered at will.
7. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular 'casing, a battery therein, aremovable closure for one end of said casing, a fixed closure ttor theother end of said casing, an electric bulb mounted in said fixedclosure, a reflector adjustably mounted on the end of said casing forco-operation with said bulb whereby the spread of the projected lightrays may be altered at will, and means for closing and opening theelectric circuit through said bulb and said battery at will, the saidfixed closure being rigidly mounted in said casing and comprising a cupof insulating material having a central depression, a metallic springmounted in said depression and interposed between said bulb and saidbattery, and a threaded socket rigidly fastened to said cup and in whichsaid bulb is mounted, substantially as described. l
8. In a battery hand lamp, a tubular insulating casing, a batterytherein, a removable closure for one end of said casing, a fixed closurefor the other end of said casing, said iiXed closure comprising a cup ofinsulating material having a central depression, a spring housed in saiddepression and having an extension passing through said cloure andagainst which said battery presses, a metal plate mounted on the top ofsaid fixed closure and having an outwardly projecting threaded socket, alamp bulb in said socket, a switch mechanism by which the batterycurrent is controlled, a stationary, conductor leading from said metalplate to said switch mechanism, a reflector insulated from said socketand movable with respect thereto, a threaded collar on the front end ofsaid casing and having a projecting lug, a metal head threaded to saidcollar and having a plurality'of recesses pressed therein for engagementwith said lug to yieldingly lock said head against .inadvertent rotationon said collar, and a lens for said lamp, said lens and reflectory beingsupported at the forward end of said metal head and being movabletherewith to change the spread of of the lio'ht from said lamp,substantially as describe 9. In a battery hand lamp, the combination ofa casing, a cup of insulating material closing the front end of saidcasing, a lamp socket carried by said cup, and a re- Hector for thelamp, said insulating cup being of a size to provide storage space for aspare lamp bulb beneath said reflector and at the side of said lampsocket.
In testimony whereof I aliix my signature.
FRANK G. STIMS'ON.
lll)
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-10-31"
}
|
US-73203124-A
|
Oil-engine control
Feb. 21, 1928.
c. B. JAHNKE OIL ENGINE CONTROL 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 14. 1924 Illlllll l INVENTOR 6701mm )3. JAM/m5 ATTORNEY Feb. 21, 1928.
C. B. 'JAHNKE OIL ENGINE CONTROL Filed Aug. 14. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2INVENTOR CHARLES E. J/m/vnE BYE &
ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 21, 1928. g
UNITED STATES CHARLES B. JAHNKE, OI BELOIT, WISCONSIIET, ASBIGNOB TOFAIRBANKS, HORSE & 60.,
OF CHICAGQ ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.
OIL-ENGINE CONTROL.
Application filed August 14, 1824.' Serial No. 732,081.
My invention relates to deflecting lates for controlling the spray offuel as injected into the pre-combustion chamber of an internalcombustion engine, and more particu- I larly relates to improvementsinthat type of apparatus disclosed in U. S. Patent 1,337,- 771 issued toHobart & J ahnke.
' 'I he object of my invetion is to provlde means on such a deflectingplate for removing any carbon deposit w ich may have accumulated on theinjector nozzle.
Another ob'ect of my invention is to provide a contro lable method ofoperating an internal combustion engine at light loads 16 throu h theuse of such deflecting plates where y a greater economy and efliciencymay be secured at those loads.
Another object of my invention is to provide such deflecting plateswhich are detachable from the controlling means, therebymaking itpossible to use in the construction of these plates special types ofheat-resisting material, such as nichrome and the like. Althoughmyinvention consists lar ely in the construction and arrangement 0 partshereinafter described and articularly pointed out in the claims, yet I 0not limit my invention to the precise form, construcac tion orarrangement of parts shown or the several parts thereof, inasmuch asvarious alterations may be made without changing the scope of myinvention.
The further objects and advantages of my invention will a pear from thefollowing descriptions and rawings of m device. In the drawin Fig. 1 isa sectional v ew of the combiis ion end of an internal combustion engineemploying an approved. form 0 of my device. Fig. 2 is an enlargedsectional view of the deflecting device as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is asectional view of the deflectional device shown in Fi%. 1, shown in itsout-of-action position. igs. 4 and 5 5 are of an ap roved form ofdeflect on plate. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views partially in sect on of amodified form of my deflectionaldevice, and Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are viewsof another modified form of my deflectional device.
Referring by numerals to the drawings,
' 10 designates apro-combustion chamber which may .be of any approvedtype and into which the fuel is injected by means of the injector 11,which may of any suitable form, preferably of the singledeflecting plate13 may the face of the nozzle of the injector 11 and tube type having afuel inlet such as 21. In con unction with the chamber 10 may beemployed a temporary hot mechanism as hot tube 12, set forth in PatentNo. 1,159,- 341, issued November 2, 1915, and which is ada ted to beheated from the'outside by a torc or other suitable mechanism for thepurpose of starting. 13 desi nates a deectin plate of the type set orthin Patent. i 0. 1,337,771, issued April 20, 1920, which is controlled byan suitable means such as the rod 14 and the andle 15 for the purpose ofdeflecting the flow of fuel from the nozzle of the injector 11 towardsthe hot tube'12 when the engine is being started. It is evident that byturnin the handle 15, this moved from the position shown in Fi 2, whichis the normal position for startlng, toward that shown in Fig. 3, inwhich osition the deflecting plate is entirely out of the line of flowofthe fuel from the injector 11. This deflecting plate may be employed forurposes other hanh starting which will be hereinafter set ort It hasbeen found that in employing low grade fuel oils that there is atendency with many of them towards a formation of a considerable depositof carbon on the end of the nozzle of the injector 11. It is evidentthat this carbon formation interferes with the successful operation ofthe engine, and I haveprovided a means for removing this formationwhenever desired by the use of a projection 16 on the deflection plate13, so constructed and so placed that when the handle 15 is turned fromthe position as shown in Fig. 3 to the position as shown in Fig. 2, theprojection 16 will pass across O5 in close proximity thereto, the resultbeing that any carbon deposit on the end of the nozzle of the injector11 will be scraped off by the projection 16. It is evident that thispfi'ojection may be of any suitable'form or s a e.
Eben the engine is running at or near full load, the deflection plate isreferabl removed from the path of the in ected fue by means of thehandle 15 and rod 14. I have found,however, that when operating at lightloads itis advantageous to introduce this deflection plate in the lineof flow of the injected fuel, the result being that the fuel isdeflected or spattered onto the walls to enter the hot tube, as is thecase when starting the engine. In order to overcome this difliculty, Iprefer to employ a deflecting plate with a deflecting surface which hasa variable degree of angularity with respect to the axis of the plate.One form of such a plate is shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. 17 denotes thehub of the plate which may be attached to the rod 14 by means of setscrews or pins passing through the hole 18. At 16 is shown theprojection or scraper for the purpose of removing carbon deposit, and at19 is shown the surface upon which the fuel preferably impinges duringstarting. The angle of this surface 19 with res ect to the axis of theplate 13 is such that the fuel will be deflected into the hot tube 12.The surface 20 into which the surface 19 merges, has, however, .anangular disposition with respect to the axis of the plate 13 whichvaries from the angular disposition of the surface 19 sufficiently sothat the fuel will not be deflected into the tube 12 but onto theinnersurface of the pre-combustion chamber 10. It is evident, therefore,that by employing a deflecting surface on the plate 13 which has avarying angularity with respect to the axis of the plate, and byadjusting the position of this surface below the injector 11, I maydeflect the flow of the fuel from the injector 11, either into the hottube 12, such as would be done at starting, or onto the walls of thecombustion chamber, such as would be done when to make these running atlight. loads.
In Figs. 9, 1d and 11 I have shown a modified form of this deflectingplate in which a plurality of deflecting surfaces are emplo ed oneitherside of projection 16, one sur ace being emplo ed for starting, theother for running at ight loads. It is evident that there are a numberof forms which may be employed to accomplish the purposes as set forth.
I have found it desirable to make these plates of some heat-resistingmaterial such as nichrome, for example, and, in order to save materialin this construction, I prefer lates detachable as shown. It is evident,owever, that they may be made integral with the controlling means andstill be within the scope of my invention.
I claim: I
1. An adjustable, plate ada ted to deflect at a plurality of selectedang es, the flow of fuel emitted from the injector nozzle of an internalcombustion engine, abrading means on said plate for 'removmg' carbondeposit on the fuel nozzle.
2. In combination with a' fuel injector nozzle in an internal combustionengine, means for removing the carbon deposit from the nozzle,comprising a scraper member adapted to be moved across the end of thenozzle, said member comprising a plurality of fuel deflecting surfaces,each disposed at a different angle to said nozzle.
3. A member adapted selectively to de fiect in one of severalpredetermined directions, the ow of fuel emitted from the injectornozzle in an internal combustion engine, said member comprising aplurality of deflecting surfaces set at diflerent angles to said nozzle,and a scraper adapted to be moved across the end of the nozzle.
4. A detachable deflecting plate adapted to divert selectively at aplurality of different angles, the flow of fuel emitted from theinjector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, said plate comprisingfuel deflectin surfaces and a scraper adapted to be move across the'endof the nozzle.
5. A deflecting plate. adapted to deflect the flow of fuel emitted fromthe injector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, a deflectingsurface on said plate having a plurality of different degrees ofangularity with respect to the axis of said nozzle, said platecomprising a cleaning member for said nozzle.
6. A movable plate adapted to divert at one of a lurality of angles, theflow of fuel emitted rom the injector nozzle'in an internal combustionengine, a scrapin edge on said plate, adapted for cleaning said nozzle,a deflecting surfaceoon said plate having varying degrees of angularitywith respect to the axis of said-nozzle, means for con trolling theposition of said plate with respect to the injector nozzle.
7. A movable plate adapted to deflect the flow of fuel emitted from theinjector nozzle in an internal combustion engine, a plurality ofdeflecting surfaces on-said plate, said surfaces being of differentdegrees of angularity with respect to the axis of said nozzle and anozzle and in close proximity thereto, for the removal of solid deposit.
9. In an internal combustion en 'ne in combination with a precombustionc amber an injector extending through the wall combination with athereof, a deflecting plate having deflecting surfaces of variousdegrees of angularity with respect to the path of injection and adaptedto deflect at predetermined angles, the flow of fuel from the injectornozzle, a scraper on said plate adapted to be moved across the face ofthe nozzle\for removing solid deposits therefrom, a manual positioningmeans and a resilient retention element for said plate, external to saidengine.
10. In an internal combustion engine in recombustion chamber, aninjector extendln through the wall thereof, a deflecting p ate havingdeflecting surfaces of several different degrees of anlarity with resect to the axis" of the injector and adap to deflect the flow of fuelfrom the injector nozzle, according to the surface interposed in thefuel stream, a scraper integral with said plate adapted to be movedacross the face of the nozzle and in close proximity thereto to cleansaid nozzle, and manually controlled means extending through the wall ofsaid chamber for varying the relative position of said plate to saidnozzle.
CHARLES B. JAHNKE.
|
2024-03-22
|
1924-08-14
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1928-02-21"
}
|
US-273755D-A
|
Seeding-machine
(No Model.)
T. T. MILLER.
SBEDING MACHINE.
No. 273,755. Patented Mar.13,1883.
I WITNESSES m5 1.7V VEJVIOR 77a 9 tom PETERs. PhmwLilhog aph x. wamtn lmMrs TEDOR T. MILLER,
OF HIOO, TEXAS.
SEEDlNG-MACHINE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 273,755, dated March13, 1883.
Application filed October 21, 1882. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that l, Tenor. T. MILLER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hico, in the countyof Hamilton and State of Texas, haveinvented a new and useful Seeding-Machine, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings.
This invention relates to seeding-machines, and has for its object toprovide a simple and efficient machine that will. plant all kinds ofgrain or seed, and in which the mechanism can be readily andconveniently changed to adapt it to the ditferent kinds of seed.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my seeder in positionon a plow-beam. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view thereof.Fig. 3 is a top view. Fig. dis avertical sectional view on the line a"a", Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of the seedingdisk. Fig.6 is a top view, showing the device adapted for use as a cotton-planter.
Referring to the drawings, A designates a plow of suitable construction,having beam [-3, mold-board O, and handles D.
E is the seeding-machine, which is to be scoured on beam B, with theseed-opening F in its bottom G on the right side of the beam. From theopening F is adapted to extend a suitable chute or tube, so that theseed will be dropped in the furrow. At the side of opening F is anauxiliary opening, H.
The sides I I of the hopper J, which forms the body of seeder E, areprovided with ver tical grooves K K, one on each side, in which slidesthe removable partition L. This partition L has an extension, M, at itsbottom, which enters opening F when the partition is in place, leavingauxiliary opening H, of course, open. From extension M a recess, N,opens up into partition L, and in this recess is arranged the seeddiskO, which works down into opening F, and is provided with theperforations P for receiving the seed. From the other side of recess Nopens the seed-perforation Q, covered by a guide, R, directly overopening H. On the inner side of the partition is formed another opening,S, extending into recess N, and having its size regulated by a slide, T.The seed is received into the perforations P through I opening S, and iscariied around to the opening Q by the disk, from whence it is droppedthrough opening H. The distance between the seed when they are droppedis regulated by the number ofperforations on the disk-the greater thenumber of perforations the less distance there will be between the seed.The disk is driven by a rotary shaft, U, on which it is fixed by havinga rectangular central opening, V, passing over a correspondinglyshapedportion, of shaft U. This shaftU passes through the partition L, and hasaprojecting inner end, X, while its outer end, Y, has a bearing inaspindle, Z.
On spindle Z is hinged a rearwardly-extending bifurcated standard, A,between the arms of which is journaled a walking-wheel, B, the shaft 0of which carries a chain-pulley, D, which is connected by a chain belt,with a chain-pulley, F, on shaft U. Thus thelatter is driven bywalking-wheel B, and this wheel travels onthe right side of theplow-beam, and, heingjournaled in the hinged bracket or standard, willautomatically and readily accommodate itself to unevenness of theground. The bracket may be elevated,'so as to lift the wheel entirelyoff the ground, by means of a rope or cord, G, extending to the handle.
H is a bracket projecting on the inside of the hopper, and having a pin,I, swiveled in its end. To said pin is secured a chain, J, having itsfree end attached by a long pin, K, to the end X of shaft U. As thelatter revolves the pin K and chain J will stir the seed at the mouth oropening S, said chain being caused to twist, when its swivel-pin will.
turn.
When it is desired to use my improved seed' ing-machine as acotton-planter the shaft U is drawn out, after being disconnected fromthe chain, and the partition L is also removed. The openings F H are nowcovered by a plate, L, having seed-opening M, and rod U is re inserted,a collar, F, having radial arms 0, being placed on said shaft to feedthe cottonseed through opening M. The chain J is again connected to theend of shaft U-by the pin K. To prevent the chain from becoming cloggedor crowded in the seed, a lateral arm, 1?, is secured to the bottom ofpin 1, and carries at its outer end a dished disk, Q, which will turnwith the chain and loosen the seed. This disk Q is adjustable on arm P.
The advantages of my invention will be readily understood. It is simple,convenient, and efficient. A
I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, with the shaft of theseed-feeding mechanism U, having a rotary motion, of the removable chainsecured to the end thereof and swiveled at the other end, as set forth.
2. The combination of the hopper having the seed-openin g, over which isarranged the rotary shaft of the seed-feeding mechanism, the lateralbracket H, inside the hopper, the pin swiveled in the end of the bracketH, and the chain J, removably secured to the end of the rotary shaft tostir the seed at the mouth of the seed-opening, as set forth.
3; The combination of the hopper adapted to be secured on a plowbeam,and having stub shaft or spindle Z, the rotary shaft U, ex: tendingthrough the latter into the hopper and detachable chain J, adapted to besecured to the rotary shaft .U, and removable lateral arm P, carryingthe adjustable circularlytraveling disk Q, as set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in presence of two witnesses.
TEDOR T. MILLER.
Witnesses A. K. DUNAGAN, W.'L. GADDIS.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1883-03-13"
}
|
US-23557838-A
|
Catalytic oxidation of alkyl substituted aromatic compounds
Patented June 10, 1%41 CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ALKYL SUBSTI- TUTEDAROMATIC COMPOUNDS Donald J. Loder, Wilmington, Del., assignor to E. I.du Pont de Nemours & Company, WilminI- ton, DeL, a corporation ofDelaware No Drawing. Application October 1a. 1938, Serial No. 235,578
Claims.
This invention relates to oxidation of alkylsubstituted aromaticcompounds and, more particularly to the production of aromatic acids byoxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for thecontrolled oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds,particularly toluene, xylene and the substituted benzenes.
It is a further and more specific object of the present invention toprovide a new and improved process for the production, fromalkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, of aromatic acids without ruptureof the aromatic ring, and more particularly to obtain benzoic acid fromtoluene, toluic and phthalic acids from xylene, and benzene mono orpolycarboxylic acids and alkyl-substituted derivatives from thecorresponding alkylsubstituted benzenes.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentby reference to the following specification.
I have found that oxidation without ring cleavage of alkyl-substitutedaromatic compounds with production in good yield of the correspondingacids can be accomplished by subjecting the said compounds to oxidationin the liquid phase by means of an oxygen-containing gas, for exampleoxygen or air or air enriched with oxygen.
In this manner it is possible to oxidize hydrocarbons, such as toluene,xylene and other alkylsubstituted benzenes with production of benzoic,toluic and phthalic acids or other benzene monoor polycarboxylic acidsand alkyl-substltuted derivatives thereof. Similarly alkyl-substitutedaromatic compounds which contain substituents, in addition to alkylgroups may also be oxidized ac cording to this invention, such forexample as alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds containing N02, halogen,and carboxyl groups. While my process may be carried out at varioustemperatures ranging upward from about 100 C. to about 320 0., generallyspeaking the use of temperatures in the more restricted range of 130-2500., tends, other conditions remaining the same, to give less of partialoxidation products, less loss of carbon to oxides of carbon, and ahigher proportion of acids.
I have further discovered three factors which, all taken together,produce the optimum result but which, nevertheless, individuallycontribute to an improved result as will appear hereinafter. Each ofthese factors, or methods, facilitate oxidation at low temperatures,improved results are obtained when any two of them are employed and thebest results are secured when all three methods are used simultaneously.
As one of the three factors previously mentioried, I have found that theyields of acid produced according to my invention may be considerablyincreased by carrying on the oxidation in the presence of an oxidationcatalyst, such, specifically as the solid polyvalent metals having anatomic weight between about and about 200. For example, I may use suchmetals in the finely divided metallic state or asorganic and inorganicsalts or oxides including such specific metals as cerium, cobalt,copper, manganese, and uranium, with or without inorganic acids such asnitric, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids or mixtures of any two or moreof these substances, As specific catalysts under the above descriptionthere may be employed vanadium, cerium and cobalt chlorides, manganeseacetate alone or together with barium acetate, barium or cobaltpermanganate, sodium cobalti nitrite or mixtures of two or more of suchcompounds, In addition to the oxidation catalysts, promoters such as thealkali and alkaline earth metals may also be employed, if desired, such,for example as the barium, magnesium and potassium acetates, butyrates,propionates, and the like.
I have also found that enhanced yields of arcmatic acids are obtained ifthe oxidation is carried on in the presence of a solvent for thehydrocarbons. Various liquids substantially inert to the oxidation andcapable of dissolving the hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride andbenzene can be used, but I prefer to use as solvent an organic acid,such as acetic, propionic, butyric, trimethyl acetic and isobutyric,such aromatic acids as phenyl acetic, and such hydroxy acids orderivatives as methoxy acetic, and the like. Varying proportions ofthese acids, based upon the weight per cent. present in the solutionbeing oxidized, may be utilized, such as from 1 to 99 per cent. byweight "although I prefer to utilize about 10 to 50 per cent. Withinthese indicated ranges I have found that the solvents eifect aconsiderable increase in the yield, of aromatic acid obtained byoxidation of the hydrocarbon.
As a further feature of the invention I have found that, especially whenoperating at the lower temperatures, say 200 or below, the yields andefilciency of the process may be even further improved by carrying onthe oxidation, whether with or without the solvents referred to, in thepresence of one or more initiators, which term I employ herein todesignate substances capable of initiating attack on the hydrocarbonmolecule which may itself not readily react with molecular oxygen undermy preferred low temperature conditions. Forexample, there may beemployed or- 'ganic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide; inorganicperoxides: peracids, such as peracetic and perbenzoic acids; thealdehydes, such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and isobutyraldehyde;ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, andcyclohexanone; ethers, such as diisopropyl, diethyl and diamyl ethers;olefines such as cyclohexene and octylene, and, in fact, any organiccompound which tends to form peroxide bodies under the reactionconditions.
The initiator may be added to the reactants at the start or continuouslyduring the oxidation or both; or, if preferred the oxidation may bebegun at a temperature and pressure at which partial oxidation products,capable of being oxidized to or acting as oxygen carriers are formed,and the partially oxidized hydrocarbons thus produced may thereafter actas oxygen carriers capable of attacking other hydrocarbon molecules atthe relatively low temperatures which I have generally outlined and willhereinafter more specifically describe. The constant maintenance of aconcentration of initiator is important, however, and therefore, ingeneral, I deliberately add the initiator to the reactants as describedhereinafter. The oxygen carrier is thus able to initiate the oxidationwhich then may become at least partially self-sustaining at temperaturesvery much lower than otherwise possible.
The proportions of initiators which are desirable according to thisinvention range from about 0.1 to per cent, based upon the weight of thehydrocarbon being treated. I do not wish to be restricted to theseproportions, however, for I have found that as much as 50 per centinitiator may be utilized without deleterious effect upon progress ofthe oxidation and at the same time as low as 0.05 per cent initiator maybe employed with an increased eillciency and yield of aromatic acid.Although primarily applicable to ketones such as acetone, dimethyl ormethyl ethyl ketones, or cyclohexanone, or mixtures thereof, theseranges describe satisfactorily the amounts of other initiators which aresuitable according to my invention.
While the process is operable at ordinary pressures I prefer to useelevated pressures rangingupwards from about 2 atmospheres to about 100atmospheres. Although pressures in the neighborhood of from 10 to 50atmospheres are: preferred, higher pressures, for example as high as1000 atmospheres, may be used. The minimum pressure is that required topermit effecting the reaction in the liquid phase, by which is meantthat the hydrocarbon is preferably oxidized in the liquid or dissolvedstate. Pressures in excess of this minimum may be used, however, sincepressure has been found to favor the reaction rate.
Having described separately some of the features of my invention, thefollowing examples will illustrate how these features may be combinedfor oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds generally.
Example 1.--A mixture containing 276 grams toluene, 276 grams aceticacid, 0.23 grams cobalt acetate, 0.23 grams manganesipcetate and 4.3grams methylethyl tantalum lined converter of 1200 cc. capacity,provided with suitably valved gas outlet and inlet lines at top andbottom, respectively. The
ketone wascharged into av acetophenone.
mixture was heated to 190 C., under a pressure of 50 atmospheres and airwas bubbled through the mixture for 3 hours at the rate of 200 litersper hour, the pressure being maintained at 50 atmospheres and thetemperature at 185-200 C. The exit gas was directed through a condenser,and traps cooled by dry ice. Solid benzoic acid was removed from theoxidation products and recovered by cooling the final product tocrystallize the benzoic acid. The total.
weight of benzoic acid recovered was 126.9 grams. An additional 45.8grams of benzoic acid was recovered from the filtrate after strippingof! the acetic acid and unconverted toluene. 123.2 grams of unusedtoluene was recovered. The conversion and yield were 47.2% and 85.2%respectively. The residue obtained after recovery of benzoic and aceticacids consisted of henzaldehyde and tar.
Example 2.A mixture containing 425.0 grams ethyl benzene, 63.1 gramsacetic acid, and 0.05 grams cobalt acetate was charged into atantalum-lined converter of v1200 cc. capacity, provided with suitablyvalved outlet and inlet lines at top and bottom, respectively. Themixture was heated to 168-178" C. for 1% hours under a pressure of 50atmospheres. Air was bubbled through the mixture for 1% hours at therate of 225 liters per hour, the pressure being maintained at 50atmospheres and the temperature at 'l68-178 C. The exit gas was directedthrough a condenser, and traps cooled by dry ice.
Solid benzoic acid was removed from the oxidation product and recoveredby cooling the final products to' crystallize the benzoic acid. Thetotal weight of benzoic acid recovered was 24.1 grams. In addition,there was separated from the final product 2.8 grams phenyl ethyl ester,1.1 grams phenyl ethanol, and 53.6 grams 122.2 grams of unreacted ethylbenzene was recovered. The conversion and yield to benzoic acid were,respectively, 18.2% and 25.6%. The conversion and yield to acetophenonewere, respectively, 41.4% and 58%.
Example 3.-Into a tantalum-lined converter, such as described inExamples 1 and 2, was charged 236.0 grams of mixed xylenes, 130.6 gramsacetic acid, 3.7 grams diethyl ketone, 0.185 grams cobalt acetate and0.185 grams manganese acetate. This mixture was heated to 187-202 C.under a pressure of 50 atmospheres and air was bubbled through themixture at this temperature and pressure for 2 hours at the rate of 250liters per hour.
By distillation under atmospheric and reduced pressures, the reactionproducts were separated to give 75.7 grams of unreacted xylenes, and50.3% yield of toluic acids, 2.0% yield of phthalic acids, 1.5% yield oftoluyl alcohols, 8.1% yield of toluyl esters and 5.7% yield of toluicaldehydes.
Example 4.--Into a converter such as described in Examples 1 and 2 therewas charged a mixture containing 400 grams isopropyl benzene, 4 gramswater and 0.4 gram cobalt acetate. This mixture was heated at atemperature of 170-229" C. under a pressure of 30 atmospheres and airwas bubbled through this-mixture for 2 hours at the rate of 250 litersper hour. At the expiration of this time the reaction products wereseparated by distillation to give 45 grams benzoic acid, and 230 gramscumene. The remaining material was of a tarry nature. The yield ofbenzoic acid was about 35%.
Although specific disclosure has been made in the examples of methodsfor carrying on my invention in a batch process, it should be understoodthat this invention may also be practiced in a continuous manner. Thus,after completion of the benzoic acid or other acid production, such asshown in the specific examples, the materials capable of being convertedto the desired acid, plus the catalyst, solvent, and initiator may berecovered and recycled to the reaction zone together with furtherquantities of aromatic hydrocarbon. In a continuous process it will alsobe found desirable to make such additions of catalyst, solvent, andinitiator as will maintain the reaction rate and yield of acid at thedesired high degree.
While the process as described in the examples involves passage of theoxidizing gas through a body of liquid, it will be understood that othermeans of assuring the desired liquid-gas contact may be employed, as,for example, passage or liquid and gas co-current or counter-currentthrough a tube or tower, which may be supplied with plates, packing orother devices for enhancing contact.
I claim:
1. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkvlsubstituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation inthe liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in thepresence of an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for the aromaticcompound which is substantially inert to the oxidation.
2. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkylsubstituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation bymeans of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidationcatalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting ofperoxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reactionconditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which issubstantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of100-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres andseparating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture.
3. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkylsubstituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation inthe liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in thepresence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator. selected fromthe group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxidesunder the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compoundwhich is substantially inert to the oxidation at r a temperature in therange of lO-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from thereaction mixture.
4. A method of oxidizing aromatic compounds containing alkylsubstituents which comprises subjecting such compounds to oxidation inthe liquid phase by means of a gas containing gase ous oxygen in thepresence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected fromthe group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxidesunder the reaction conditions and a solvent for the aromatic compoundwhich is substantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in therange of 130-250 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100atmospheres and separating the corresponding aromatic acid from thereaction mixture.
5. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting analkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation by means of a gascontaining gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, anoxidation initiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides andcompounds which form peroxides under the reaction conditions andasolvent for the aromatic compound which is substantially inert to theoxidation at a temperature in the range of -320 C. and at a pressure inthe range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres and separating the correspondingaromatic acid from the reaction mixture.
6. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting analkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation in the liquid phase bymeans of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidationcatalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting ofperoxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reactionconditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which issubstantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of100-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres andseparating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture.
7. A method of producing aromatic acids which comprises subjecting analkyl substituted aromatic compound to oxidation in the liquid phase bymeans of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidationcatalyst, an oxidation initiator selected from the group consisting ofperoxides and compounds which form peroxides under the reactionconditions and a solvent for the aromatic compound which issubstantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range of-250 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres andseparating the corresponding aromatic acid from the reaction mixture.
8. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting tolueneto oxidation by means of a gas containing gaseous oxygen in the presenceof an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for the toluene" which issubstantially inert to the oxidation.
9. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjecting tolueneto oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containing gaseousoxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst and a solvent for thetoluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation.
10. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation by means 01' a gas containing gaseous oxygen in thepresence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidation initiator selected fromthe group consisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxidesunder the reaction conditions, and a solvent for the toluene which issubstantially inert to the oxidation at a temperature in the range ofl00-320 C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres andseparating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture.
11. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containinggaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidationinitiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compoundswhich form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a solvent forthe toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation at atemperature in the range of l00320 C. and at a pressure in the range of2 to 1000 atmospheres,
and separating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture.
12. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containinggaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidationinitiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compoundswhich ,form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a solvent forthe toluene which is substantially inert to the oxidation at atemperature in the range of 130-250 C., and at a pressure in the rangeof 2 to 100 atmospheres, and separating the benzoic acid from thereaction mixture.
13. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containinggaseous oxygen in the presence of a cobalt acetate catalyst, an aceticacid'solvent, and an oxidation initiator selected from the groupconsisting oi! peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under thereaction conditions, at a temperature in the range of 100-320 0., and ata pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres, and separating thebenzoic acid from the reaction mixture.
14. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containinggaseous oxygen in the presence of a cobalt acetate catalyst, an aceticacid solvent, and an oxidation initiator selected from the groupconsisting of peroxides and compounds which form peroxides under thereaction conditions, at a temperature in the range of 130-250 C.', andat a pressure in the range of 2 to 1000 atmospheres, and separating thebenzoic acid from the reaction mixture.
15. A method of producing benzoic acid which comprises subjectingtoluene to oxidation in the liquid phase by means of a gas containinggaseous oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, an oxidationinitiator selected from the group consisting of peroxides and compoundswhich form peroxides under the reaction conditions, and a loweraliphatic acid solvent for the toluene at a temperature in the range of130- 250 C., and at a pressure in the range of 2 to 100 atmospheres, andseparating the benzoic acid from the reaction mixture.
DONALD J. LODER.
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.
Patent No.2; 214.5,528. June 10, 19in.
' DONALD J. LODER.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered pstent requiring correction as follows: Page 11.;first column, line 25, claim 15, for "2 to 100" read --2 to 1000"; andsecon'd column, 11m 10, claim 1A, for "2 to 1000" read --2 to 1oo--; andthat are said Letters Patent should be read with this correction thereinthat the same may conform to therecord of the case in the Patent Office.
Signed and sealed this 15th day of July, A. 4). 191m.
Henry Van Arsdale,
Acting Commissioner of Patents. (Seal)
|
2024-03-22
|
1938-10-18
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1941-06-10"
}
|
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